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2 - Humayun and Battle of Chausa

Humayun was the second Mughal emperor who ruled from 1530 to 1556. He faced many challenges during his reign from his brothers who wanted control of territory, and from the Afghan general Sher Shah Suri. In 1539, Sher Shah Suri soundly defeated Humayun at the Battle of Chausa, forcing Humayun to flee India. Humayun later regained control of some territory with Persian help, but was unable to defeat Sher Shah Suri again before dying from an accidental fall in 1556, just after retaking Delhi.

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Hasaan Ahmed
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268 views5 pages

2 - Humayun and Battle of Chausa

Humayun was the second Mughal emperor who ruled from 1530 to 1556. He faced many challenges during his reign from his brothers who wanted control of territory, and from the Afghan general Sher Shah Suri. In 1539, Sher Shah Suri soundly defeated Humayun at the Battle of Chausa, forcing Humayun to flee India. Humayun later regained control of some territory with Persian help, but was unable to defeat Sher Shah Suri again before dying from an accidental fall in 1556, just after retaking Delhi.

Uploaded by

Hasaan Ahmed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Humayun

Birth + Death
 Born in Kabul in March 1508
 Died in 1556

Accession of throne
 Babar had died early and now the problem was of accession
 Babar had 4 sons (Humayun, Hindal, Askari and Kamran)
 As usual the eldest was to be the next king but it was not the case now as
the most capable of them was to be the next emperor.
 Humayun came in time after Babar’s death and was announced as the
Mughal emperor

Interests + Humayun understanding


 Interested in math and reading
 Babar had the army of different nations but Babar kept them united by
sharing war spoils which Humayun was un able to do leading to fall of his
army

Humayun loss of empire


Against Lodhi
 Soon Humayun was challenged by some Afghan generals who were supporting Mahmud Lodhi

Against his younger brother Kamran


 Humayun was very unduly generous to his brothers as his father Babar had
advised him to do so
 Being generous to brothers was a mistake that none of the later Mughal
emperors made
 Humayun biggest rival was KAMRAN
 Humayun made Kamran the governor of Kabul and Kandahar but Kamran
was unhappy with these lands so he led an army towards Delhi
 Humayun didn’t want to fight either because of fear of losing or fraternal
feelings so he gave Punjab under Kamran’s rule
 This was proved as a wrong decision as Kamran now ruled the richest
province and this was only the way from where Humayun could receive
new troops

Against Afghan general; Bahadur Shah


 Humayun woukd usually accept tokens of surrenders of his enemies, so
that they could plot their next campaign
 Moreover, Humayun had extravagant tastes and he would spend his money
feasting in Agra and Delhi
 Humayun was eventually forced to fight the Afghans who were in open
defiance against his authority
 One of these was Bahadur Shah who had took control of Gujarat by 1536
 But Humayun defeated Bahadur Shah and Bahadur escaped to his friends
‘Portuguese’ where he died

Against Sher Shah Suri


 Sher Shah had took control over two rich provinces of Bihar and Bengal and
then Humayun realized that Sher Shah was also a threat
 In 1539, a war took place known as “War of chausa” in which Sher Shah
was victorious but Humayun was lucky to escape
 In 1540, another battle with Sher Shah defeating Humayun took place in
Kannauj, known as Battle of Kannauj and again Humayun was very lucky to
escape as he dived into the river and then roamed around in lands of Persia
 Sher Shah was now the master of Agra, Bihar and Bengal and he kept the
treasury of these provinces in a good flow until he was killed in a
gunpowder explosion while fighting the Rajputs in 1545
Humayun life after expulsion
 Humayun was now a wanderer and was accompanied by his few men and
BOOKS!!
 Humayun was to re-assemble his army in Kashmir but this attempted was
blocked by his brother Kamran
 Humayun was forced to move towards the deserts of Sindh and on the way
his son “Jalaluddin Muhammad Akbar” was born in 1542
 As the journey to Persia was dangerous he sent Akbar to Kandahar with his
trustworthy soldier Bairam Khan
 Humayun stayed at Persia where was welcomed greatly and Humayun
stayed there for 15 years
 The Persians had helped to Humayun to build an army by giving him men
in return for Kandahar

Humayun Regain or COMEBACK!!!!!


 Throughout this time Humayun had not given up on his dream to regain his
empire.
 Humayun with any army of 30,000 wentt to Punjab crossing Kandahar
where his brother Askari ruled.
 Humayun defeated him and handover Kandahar to Iran
 Next stop was Kabul where Kamran was ruling
 Some of the chiefs of Kamran helped Humayun to get back Kabul and
Kamran fled away after losing battle but Kamran’s revolts still did not come
to an end
 At last Humayun arrested him and the blindfolded him and then sent him
to Makah
 Humayun now more encouraged went to battle the Suris.
 Humayun reached Peshawar in December 1554 and entered a Lahore in
Feb 1555
 Two major battles were fought against the Suris in which Humayun stood
victorious
 Now Humayuns long cherished dream was fulfilled and he walked in Delhi
as the Mughal emperor in July 1555
 However, Humayun was not destined to rule the empire and he died by
slipping from the stairs from a library in Purana Qila in January 1556

Legacy of Humayun
 Humayun was very unlucky but managed to comeback
 He was to never trust anyone including his brothers

Sher Shah Suri


 A genius, military and strategic person
 Defeated the Mughal emperor 2 times
 Sher Shah’s real name was Farid Khan
 He belonged to the Afghans who migrated to India
 Sher Shah started with a few land and increased the no. of his army by
capturing Bihar and Bengal and then at the time of war with Humayun he
was victorious in Chausa and Kannauj
 Sher Shah introduced silver coin named as “Rupee”
 He made GT road
 He made 1700 inns
 He died in 1545 in a gun-powder explosion while fighting the Rajputs
War of Chausa
When and Where
 In 1539 at Chausa

Between Whom
 Humayun and Sher Shah Suri

Why?
 Because Humayun felt Sher Shah Suri as a threat as he had captured Bihar and Bengal

Events
 Sher Shah Suri was a genius and he lured Humayun far from Delhi at Chausa
 Humayun came to Chausa through GT road which was under Sher Shah
control and Sher Shah had spies there observing Humayuns activity
 A great battle in April 1539 took place where the two faced each other
 The Mughal encamped themselves in a lower altitude region between the
rivers
 Sher Shah and Humayun waited for each other to attack
 Sher shah was waiting for a rain which took place after three months.
 This caused the weapons of Humayun to deplete and the morale of the
Humayun’s army went down
 At this time Sher Shah made an impression that he is going to attck another
place
 Humayun and his army relaxed when at night when everyone was asleep
Sher Shah attacked in the camp and killed 8000 Mughal soldiers

Outcomes
 Humayun was lucky to escape death but he had only a few men
 8000 of his men died and Sher Shah was victorious

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