Subject: INTECH DT311–Basic Auto-CAD (2-D Application)

1. Title of the Module

Chapter 1: Introduction to AutoCAD

2. Introduction
Through a combination of Online lecture, Video tutorials, hands-on
exercises, and drawing problems, this course introduces the student to computer-
aided design/drafting with AutoCAD. The AutoCAD topics covered in this course
include an introduction to AutoCAD features, starting and setting up drawings, point
coordinate entry methods, creation of basic 2D drawing objects.

3. Learning Outcome
LO1. Understand the use of AutoCAD
LO2. Download and install AutoCAD into a Personal Computer
LO3. Create, Save and Open Drawings
LO4. Familiarize with the AutoCAD User Interface
LO5. Set-up Drawing Units
LO6. Use Pan and Zoom in a Drawing

4. Learning Content

Topic 1. Introduction to AutoCAD

What is AutoCAD?

AutoCAD can be defined as the use of computer systems to assist in the creation,
modification, optimization of a design. In this, we can create both 2D and 3D drawings
used in construction and manufacturing. It was developed by John Walker in the year
1982 with the help of AUTODESK and maintain it successfully. It is most commonly used
for creating and modifying 2D & 3D designs for professional drafting with detail
measurement information about the conceptual design and layout of product, also
available in 14 different languages with respect to location. Users can customize the CAD
software with available add-on apps as per project requirements. User specialized tool
setting can be done to view and design product in wireframe and surface modeling.
Widely preferred in the industries of mechanical, telecom, civil, architectural engineering.
It stands on demand to students and industries because of its requirements.
What does AutoCAD stand for?
AutoCAD stands for Computer Aided Design. This software used for designing and
drafting. It allows a user to conceptualize ideas, product designs and drawings to the
required level of technical accuracy, perform rapid design calculations and simulations
in the field of manufacturing industries.

History and development

The First version is released on December 23, 1982. It is divided into 2 parts.
1. AutoCAD 360.
2. AutoCAD LT.
AutoCAD 360 is used for 2D, 3D and Isometric view whereas AutoCAD LT is only used
for 2D.
• AutoCAD 2000 I (Internet)
• AutoCAD 2006 (Work Space is added)
1. Drafting and Annotation
2. AutoCAD classic
3. 3D basics
4. 3D modeling
• In AutoCAD 2010 (3D quality improvisation).
• In 2011, Viewports control systems were added.
• In 2012, View cube or Navigation cube is added.
• In 2013, icons are added.
• In 2014, a live mapping is added.
• In 2015, AutoCAD classic is removed from the workspace.
• In 2016, a Geometric center “O snap” is added.
• In 2018, 3D printing support is added.

What do you use AutoCAD for?

Uses of AutoCAD helps to create blueprints for engine valves and engine spare parts for
manufacturing with accurate measurement. The designed blueprint will be carried with
the job for its complete stages of start to delivery in between production teams, quality
team and machine handling teams review the design in case of any issues of
understanding and continue machining with the reference of blueprint drafters can be
done in two types wiring diagram and surface model diagram for use in the
manufacturing, assembling, and repairing of Parts. It’s also used for tracking the number
of orders completed in a required time span.
Applications
• Aerospace calls their final design as an assembly.
• Automotive call their final design as Parts design.
• Electrical and electronics call their final design as Blueprint and Circuit design.
• Rail and marine call their final design as Layout or Blueprint.
• Structural and civil call their final design as Layout.
What are the benefits of using AutoCAD?

CAD interface makes it the as a best technical designing beginners’ software for study
and initial stages of engineering designing career there are also adopted as skill
development application for graduate level of education. Apart from there advantages
both have their project support requirements of designing multiple components and
remodifying them with technology changing’s for future.

Benefits of AUTOCAD:
• It has the ability to produce very accurate designs
• Drawings can be created in 2D or 3D and rotated.
• Other computer programs can be linked to the design software.
• AutoCAD as an architectural planning tool: It enables architects to design, plan,
execute and analyze the strength of a building, at design stage level.
• AutoCAD as an engineering drafting tool: It helps engineers to design, analyze
and solve design issues resulting in accurate designs.
• In 3D printing: A 3D print has its own advantages for designers and for this
software helps them. The designs can be exported to various preferred formats.
• AutoCAD in the fashion industry: It has the tools necessary for planning designs
for the manufacture of jewelry, toys and other delicate objects.
• AutoCAD as industrial design tool: It helps to reduce manufacturing costs as it
saves time and efforts required for manual designing.
How is AutoCAD used?
It’s a 2-D and 3-D computer-aided drafting software application for architecture,
construction, and manufacturing to guide making blueprints for engineering plans.
Professionals are called design engineers.
1. Training Programs
This CAD and computer-aided designing can be found in many institutions for skill
updating with certification and degree programs in AutoCAD, they give training to
students to have hands-on usage of software for industrial drafting and assembling
with certification. Central Institute of Tool Design is one such institute.

2. Career Information
While drafters work in CAD is used in below list of engineering streams.
Mechanical, architectural, civil, electrical, and electronics.

• Mechanical design plans for equipment and spares of mechanical devices.

• Architectural design for plans layouts and 3D for residential and commercial
buildings.
• Civil design for design and construction of roadways, 3D buildings, Industrial
Plants, and other major projects.
• Electrical design work with electric circuits which are small in size and electrical
wiring system layouts for machines.

Its interface is pretty similar to the all other designing software applications and using
Nodes, Lines and Polygons the engineer creates the draft the product for their project
requirements.
Topic 2. Downloading and Installation
How to download AutoCAD?
Full Version

First of all, anyone interested in trying out the full version AutoCAD can obtain a 30-day
free trial from Autodesk’s website.

1. Click DOWNLOAD AUTOCAD FOR FREE.

2. Select your operating system. Then, click NEXT.
3. Read the system requirements notice. Click NEXT.
4. Choose “Business User” from the drop-down menu. Choose your language. And
click NEXT.
5. Enter your personal information to create an Autodesk account. Alternatively, sign
in to your existing Autodesk account.
6. Enter your business information. And click NEXT.
7. Read the Trial Notice and click BEGIN DOWNLOAD.
8. Install, and start using the free trial.
Educational Version

For students and teachers, Autodesk offers a free educational version that runs on up to
two personal devices for 3 years. Here’s how you can access the free educational version
of AutoCAD.

1. Go to the Autodesk Education Community.

2. Choose AutoCAD from the list of software.
3. Create an Autodesk account. Alternatively, sign in to your existing Autodesk
account. If prompted, set up your Education profile.
4. Click DOWNLOAD NOW.
5. Select the desired version, your operating system, and your preferred language.
6. The displayed serial number and product key are sent to your email address. And
click BROWSER DOWNLOAD.
7. Next, install the free version.
8. When installing the CAD software, enter the serial number and product key to
unlock it.
9. When you start the program the first time, activate the license.
AutoCAD LT

AutoCAD-LT
After enjoying the 30-day free trial of AutoCAD, you may end up in a pickle. Let’s say you
liked the AutoCAD free trial and find out that you want to keep using the program, but
there is no way you can afford the $1,610 annual subscription?

In this case, Autodesk offers a slimmed down version, AutoCAD LT, that “only” costs $380
per year. Of course, you can’t expect the same advanced features that are available in the
regular AutoCAD version. The biggest difference is that the light version doesn’t support
3D modeling and visualization.
AutoCAD 360 App

Do you prefer to utilize your smartphone or tablet to complete design work? If that’s the
case, you should take a look at AutoCAD 360. It’s a free version of AutoCAD that, for a
smartphone app, is unexpectedly versatile.

The free AutoCAD 360 app is definitely more than just a viewer. You can open and view
DWG files, make accurate measurements and view coordinates, zoom and pan around
drawings, store them in the cloud, and share designs with colleagues and collaborators.

If you are willing to pay $5 a month, you can get the Pro version. It offers a greater level
of functionality and lets you draw, edit, move and scale objects. This smartphone app
might not be free, but it’s much more affordable than the paid version of AutoCAD.

Unsurprisingly, both the paid and free AutoCAD 360 version lacks some of the features
found in AutoCAD. Nonetheless, the smartphone app could be useful for those who need
to view and modify 3D designs on the go.
Available Features

AutoCAD is perhaps the most mature and stable CAD software on the market. As can
be expected from a cutting-edge CAD program, this software fully supports parametric
modeling.

Simply put, this enables users to make substantial changes to their designs by applying
rules, or constraints, that govern their structure. Whenever the numerical value of such a
constraint is changed, the entire design is modified accordingly.

This CAD software has come a long way since its initial release in 1982. AutoCAD now
includes industry-specific features and intelligent objects specifically tailored for
architecture, mechanical engineering, electrical design, and more.

The latest version, AutoCAD 2020, is packed with a bunch of new features and
improvements that keep this program at the forefront of CAD software. Some of the
features integrated into AutoCAD 2020 include:

• Improved workflow integration across desktop, mobile, and web

• Cloud storage connectivity
• New Blocks palette feature, which allows users to insert blocks from a most
recently used list with visual galleries
• Quick measure
• Dark theme for user interface
• Performance improvements to increase save times and install times
Please note that the feature set of Windows and Mac versions differ somewhat before
acquiring the AutoCAD free trial or paid version. To learn more take a look at this table
on Autodesk’s website.
How to Install AutoCAD 2013?
First of all, make sure you use the right installer according to your computer architecture
(32bit or 64bit).
System requirements for AutoCAD 2013

System Requirements for 32-bit

• Windows® 8 Standard, Enterprise, or Professional edition (requires installation
of AutoCAD 2013 Service Pack 2); Microsoft® Windows® 7 Enterprise, Ultimate,
Professional, or Home Premium (compare Windows 7 versions); or Microsoft®
Windows® XP Professional or Home edition (SP3 or later)
• For Windows 7: Intel® Pentium® 4 or AMD Athlon™ dual-core processor, 3.0 GHz
or higher with SSE2 technology
• For Windows XP: Pentium 4 or AMD Athlon dual-core processor, 1.6 GHz or
higher with SSE2 technology
• 2 GB RAM (4 GB recommended)
• 6 GB free disk space for installation
• 1,024 x 768 display resolution with true color (1,600 x 1,050 with true color
recommended)
• Microsoft® Internet Explorer® 7.0 or later web browser
• Install from download or DVD

System Requirements for 64-bit

• Windows® 8 Standard, Enterprise, or Professional edition (requires installation
of AutoCAD 2013 Service Pack 2); Microsoft Windows 7 Enterprise, Ultimate,
Professional, or Home Premium (compare Windows 7 versions); or Microsoft
Windows XP Professional (SP2 or later)
• AMD Athlon 64 with SSE2 technology, AMD Opteron® processor with SSE2
technology, Intel® Xeon® processor with Intel EM64T support and SSE2
technology, or Intel Pentium 4 with Intel EM64T support and SSE2 technology
• 2 GB RAM (4 GB recommended)
• 6 GB free space for installation
• 1,024 x 768 display resolution with true color (1,600 x 1,050 with true color
recommended)
• Internet Explorer 7.0 or later
• Install from download or DVD

Additional Requirements for 3D Modeling (All Configurations)

• Pentium 4 or Athlon processor, 3 GHz or greater or Intel or AMD dual-core
processor, 2 GHz or greater
• 4 GB RAM or more
• 6 GB hard disk space available in addition to free space required for installation
 • 1,280 x 1,024 true color video display adapter 128 MB or greater, Pixel Shader 3.0
or greater, Microsoft® Direct3D®-capable workstation-class graphics card

Running the AutoCAD 2013 will start the installation process.

Once the Installation Welcome Dialog box appears, click on Install

Then, accept the AutoCAD 2013 End User License Agreement, click on Next.
On the following AutoCAD 2013 Product Information dialog box, select your product
language, license type and enter your product information, then click Next.

On the next dialog box, Configure AutoCAD 2013 Installation, select your installation path
(C:\Program Files by default), click Install
AutoCAD 2013 will commence the installation in your computer

Once the installation is completed, a new dialog box will appear informing of the
different components installed.
Click Finish.
You will have to restart your computer for AutoCAD to complete its configuration.
Topic 3. Launching AutoCAD 2013

1. Start AutoCAD as follows:

• Choose Start>All Programs>Autodesk>AutoCAD 2013>
• Or double-click the AutoCAD 2013 Shortcut icon
on your Windows Desktop

2. The AutoCAD Start tab appears, offering options to open existing drawing or to
create a new drawing.

Create a new drawing.

Click then "New" and “Drawing.” The new drawing will use 1 of 2 default settings,
either imperial or metric. If you want to use specific settings for a drawing, select
"Templates" under the Options dialog box.

Selecting template
Select the file “acad.dwt” and then “Open” button.

Note:
The (.dwt) is a file extension name for template in AutoCAD
Saving a drawing
After you have completed a drawing, it is very important to save it. Learning how to
save a drawing correctly is almost more important than making the drawing. If you can’t
save correctly, you will lose the drawing and hours of work.

1. Start the command by using one of the following methods:

TYPING: SAVEAS <enter>
PULLDOWN: FILE / SAVEAS
Or
Press CTRL + S to save your drawing

Note:
• AutoCAD saves files in (.DWG) format but can import and export different
formats (DXF,IGES)
• The extension file for backup file is (.BAK)
Opening an Existing Drawing File

1. Start the command by using one of the following methods.

TYPING: OPEN <enter> or press CTRL + O

PULLDOWN: FILE / OPEN
TOOLBAR: STANDARD

2. Select the Drive and Directory from the "LOOK IN" Box.
3. Select the drawing file from the list. (You may double click on the file name to
automatically open the drawing)
4. The Preview window displays a “Thumbnail Preview Image”.
5. Select the OPEN button.
Topic 4. AutoCAD User Interface
When you start AutoCAD After installing you will be presented with Welcome Screen
(Work, Learn and Extend) . Press close on it. Now AutoCAD window will be open. For
better understanding of AutoCAD User Interface, I have divided it into 20 different
parts. So, we will see each part one by one.

1. Quick Access Toolbar:

In above window you are not able to See Quick Access Toolbar (QAT) and Workspace
tabs is because above window is not in Maximize mode. So, if you are unable to see
Works space and QAT then press Maximize window tab.
By default, this window has some tabs like: New, Open, Save, Save All, Plot, Undo and
Redo. You can Customize this QAT by pressing down key tab next to Workspace list.

Customize Quick Access Toolbar

Also, alternatively you can Right Click on Ribbon (8) tabs and Add any Tabs to QAT.

3. Ribbon Tabs:

Below QAT you will find all Ribbon Tabs available in this WorkSpace. Default
Works Space is ‘Drafting and Annotation’.
Different Ribbon tabs offers different Ribbon panels depending on your work.

The ribbon organizes tools into logical groupings.

The ribbon provides a compact palette of all of the tools necessary to create or
modify your drawing. It can be in placed in the following places:

• Docked horizontally at the top of the drawing area (default)

• Docked vertically along the right or left edge of the drawing area
• Undocked, or floating within the drawing area or on a second monitor
Ribbon Tabs and Panels
The ribbon is composed of a series of tabs, which are organized into panels that
contain many of the tools and controls available in toolbars.

Some ribbon panels provide access to a dialog box related to that panel. To display the
related dialog box, click the dialog box launcher is denoted by an arrow icon, , in the
lower-right corner of the panel.

Note: You can control which ribbon tabs and panels are displayed. Right-click the ribbon
and click or clear the names of tabs or panels listed on the shortcut menu.

Floating Panels
You can pull a panel off a ribbon tab and into the drawing area or onto another monitor.
The floating panel remains open until you return it to the ribbon, even if you switch
ribbon tabs.
Slide-out Panels
If you click the arrow in the middle of a panel title, , the panel will expand to display
additional tools and controls. By default, slide-out panels automatically close when you
click another panel. To keep a panel expanded, click the push pin, , in the bottom-left
corner of the slide-out panel.

Contextual Ribbon Tabs

When you select a certain type of object or start certain commands, a contextual ribbon
tab is displayed instead of a toolbar or dialog box. The contextual tab closes when you
end the command.
Workspaces and the Ribbon
For products that run on the Windows operating system, a workspace is set of ribbon
tabs and panels, menus, toolbars, and palettes that provide you with a custom, task-
oriented drawing environment. You can change to a different ribbon by changing the
workspace. On the status bar, click Workspace Switching and select the workspace you
want to use. For example, here are the initial workspaces available in AutoCAD.

3. Search:
You can search any commands or information by entering any Keywords or Phrase.

4. External Links:
Which is also called information center which links to AutoCAD 360.

5. Help:
Help tabs link with help file you can search help content also other information as
below. You can change setting for display Welcome Screen here.
6. Title Bar:
Here you will see your Drawing file name which is open currently.

7. Application Menu Button (AutoCAD Logo)

This AutoCAD application menu offers different options along with Default QAT
options as below.

8. Ribbons:
This is your main Toolbar area where you will find all Tabs in panel format arranged
as per their use. Ribbon is consist of panel. Some panel is associated with Dialog
boxes which can be used by pressing bottom right corner arrow tab of panel.

9. File Tabs:
You can add new Drawing Files by pressing [+] icon on File tabs or if you want to switch
between Model and Layout tabs then hover mouse cursor over File tab name and a
preview will be shown as below then select correct Layout.

10. Viewport Controls:

This is on Screen View port controls form where you can change AutoCAD views and
Visual Styles to different options as below.
11. View Cube:
Through view Cube you can see Drawing Elements from Different view direction and
you can rotate view.

12. WCS.
Below View Cube you can select WCS or Create new Co-coordinating system.

13. Navigation Bar:

This Navigation bar you can locate on different side of AutoCAD window. This
contains some additional tools like Pan.

14. Drawing Area/ Graphics Area:

This is main area of Model where you will create new Drawing elements. This is
infinite space area.

15. Command Line:

Another way to use AutoCAD features is o run command from Command line. This
command line setting options are as below:
16. Model and Layout Tabs:
This tab used for Model and Layout tabs. You can create Rename and Delete Layout
tabs from here. Also, you change location of Model and Layout tabs to status bar by
Right click and select option to hide.

17. Drawing Settings:

This is application Station bar which consist of different settings. You can toggle to
on and off these icons.

18. Additional Settings:

This contains Models, Annotation and some additional settings. This is available in
Drawing window status bar.

19. Drawing Coordinates:

This shows current location of Mouse cursor in Drawing coordinates.

20. Co-ordinates:
This is Coordinated of Drawing.

21. Ribbon view:

You can change ribbons Minimized to tabs, Panel Titles, Panel Buttons or |Cycle
through all.

Tip: If you over any tab then it will give you short info about that tab. If you hover it for
couple of seconds then it will give you full info about that tab with pictures.
Topic 5. Drawing Units
Use this procedure to specify the drawing units in a new or existing drawing.

If you change the drawing units, you can specify whether existing objects in the drawing
are scaled to the new units or retain their original size. You can also specify whether
objects inserted from a drawing that uses different units are scaled to the units in the
current drawing, or retain their original size.

You can specify the unit type and precision for linear, angular, area, and volume units. The
precision values specify only the number of decimal places displayed in the interface.
They do not determine the number of decimal places used in the software to make
calculations.

When you change the drawing units, the default options under Area and Volume change
to reflect the new drawing units. The drawing scale options on the Scale tab also change
to reflect the new drawing units.

1. Click
2. The drawing Units window will show up

To display the “drawing units” window using command window just type UN
3. Under Drawing Units, select the desired units.
Various imperial and metric units are available. The units that you select determine
the unit of measurement that each unit in your drawing represents. For example, if
you select Inches, each drawing unit equals one inch.

4. To scale objects that you insert into the current drawing from drawings with different
drawing units, select Scale Objects Inserted from Other Drawings.
Clear this option to insert objects at their original size without scaling. For example, if
an item that is one inch long were inserted into a drawing set to millimeters, this
setting would scale the item to 25.4 mm in length when enabled. With this setting
disabled, it would remain one unit long (which would now be only one millimeter rather
than one inch).

If the length of line is 25.4 then the precision is [0.0]

If the length of line is 25.40 then the precision is [0.00]
If the length of line is 25.400 then the precision is [0.000]

5. Under Length, select a unit type and desired precision.

6. Under Angle, select an angle type and desired precision.
If you want to measure angles clockwise instead of counterclockwise, select
Clockwise.

7. Under Base Angle, enter a value for the default 0 angle direction. The default is 0
degrees (East) and a counter-clockwise direction.
Imported survey drawings may include drafting instructions where changing the base
angle might be desirable to properly orient the data.

The following values match these directions:

Value Direction
0 East
90 North
180 West
270 South
8. Under Area, select an area type and precision.
If you do not want to use the default suffix that is displayed for the drawing units
that you specify, enter a new suffix.

9. Under Volume, select a volume type and precision.

If you do not want to use the default suffix that is displayed for the drawing units
that you specify, enter a new suffix.
10. Under Lighting Units, select a lighting unit type.
11. Save the units settings:

If you want to… Then…

save the units settings as default select Save as Default. Settings on the
settings for new drawings that you start Scale and Layering tabs are also saved
from scratch or from templates that do as default settings.
not contain drawing setup information
save the units settings only for the clear Save as Default, and then click
current drawing Apply.

12. Note: You can save one default drawing units set per unit type with the Save as Default
option. Define a set of imperial drawing units defaults, and click Save as Default. Then,
define a set of metric default units, and click Save as Default again. When you start a
drawing without a template with imperial units, the imperial default settings will be
used. When you start a drawing without a template with metric units, the metric
default settings will be used. If you start a new drawing with a template, the settings
saved within that template file will be used regardless of the saved default settings.
13. Click OK.
You are prompted to specify whether existing objects in the current drawing should
be scaled for the new units.

14. Specify scaling of existing Model Space and Paper Space objects:

If you want to… Then…

scale all existing objects in the drawing to select Rescale modelspace and
reflect the new units paperspace objects.
scale objects in Model Space to reflect the select Rescale only modelspace objects.
new units
leave all objects at their current scale select Don’t rescale any existing objects.
Topic 6. Pan and Zoom
To Pan
The Pan command lets you position the drawing view on the screen
without changing the zoom factor. Unlike the Move command, which
moves the objects in your drawing to different locations on the coordinate system, the
Pan command does not change the location of the
objects on the coordinate system. Rather, your view of the coordinate
system and the objects change to a different location on the screen.

Using a mouse: Press and hold the center mouse wheel button.
Using a mouse: Right click and select PAN from contextual menu.
Using the Command window: type the PAN command
Using a trackpad: Swipe with two fingers on the trackpad.

To Zoom
The Zoom commands change the size of the image on your display. The Zoom flyout is
on the ribbon View tab, Navigate panel

Using a mouse: Roll the mousewheel button.

Using a trackpad: Hold Ctrl (Windows) or ⌘ (Mac) while swiping with two fingers on the
trackpad.
While set to Reverse, rolling the mouse wheel backward will zoom in.

Note: If the mouse wheel is a panning instead of zooming, or if you are seeing other
abnormalities when trying to pan or zoom, it is usually because your mouse wheel is
using smooth scrolling. You can go to the mouse's driver settings and disable smooth
scrolling to fix the issue.
You can also hold Ctrl (Windows) or ⌘ (Mac) while rolling the mouse wheel to zoom.

To Zoom Extents
Click ZOOM EXTENTS.
Alternatively, you can double-click the middle mouse wheel button.

To Zoom Window
1. Click ZOOM WINDOW.
2. Specify the corners of the window.
3. Learn the basics of AutoCAD navigation to make your workflow easier.
Mouse Wheel
Zooming and panning in AutoCAD can be done entirely with the mouse
wheel. Point the cursor to where you would like to zoom and turn the mouse wheel
to zoom in and out. You can also pan by clicking and dragging with the mouse
wheel, using it as you would a mouse button. When you press down and click with
the mouse wheel, the cursor will turn into a hand icon and the Pan command will
temporarily be activated. As long as the scroll wheel is pressed down, you can drag
the mouse to change your view position without zooming or moving any objects.
If you double–click with the mouse wheel, you will activate the Zoom
Extents command. This will zoom out or in to fit all of the objects in your drawing
to the edges of the screen so you can see the entire drawing. If you click and drag
with the mouse wheel, you will shift to a 3D orbit view, which is not recommended
in 2D drawing. You can zoom or pan with the mouse wheel without interrupting
whatever command you may be using at the time you zoom or pan. Because the
mouse wheel is so versatile, many users use it exclusively for zooming and
panning. It’s highly recommended that you always use a mouse when drawing with
AutoCAD, even if you are on a laptop with a trackpad.

Navigation Bar
You can access additional navigation tools with the Navigation Bar.
Most of the Navigation Bar commands are for use in 3D modeling, but if
you are not using a mouse it offers easy access to the Pan tool or
the Zoom Extents tool. If you click the arrow beneath the Zoom
Extents icon, you will open a dropdown menu that can access all the
options of the Zoom command. Like the mouse wheel, when you can use
the commands on the Navigation Bar without interrupting other
commands, but you may have to press Enter or Escape to exit the
commands. You can also deactivate the Navigation Bar to save screen
space and prevent accidentally starting commands by clicking on the
small x on the top-right corner of the Navigation Bar, or pressing
the Navigation Bar button on the Viewport Tools panel in
the View tab of the Ribbon, which can also be used to restore the
Navigation Bar.
View Cube
The View Cube located in the upper-right corner of
the screen is designed for use in 3D modeling. In 2D
drawing, you should remain in a top-down parallel view. If
you accidentally shift from that view position, you can click
on the Top view of the View Cube icon to get back to the
top down view. You may need to click on the curved arrows
on the top-right corner of the View Cube to reorient the XY
axis position. You can also reset the UCS origin to its
default position by clicking the dropdown menu at the
bottom of the View Cube and selecting WCS (World
Coordinate System) You can deactivate the View Cube button on the Viewport
Tools panel on the Ribbon. However, the View Cube display setting saves only
with the file you are in, so if you open another file where the View Cube was visible
when it was saved, the View Cube will return. For this reason, you will want to be
sure to select the desired View Cube display setting when saving drawing files and
drawing template files.

ZOOM Command (Z)

• You can also access the Zoom command with the keyboard by entering
its alias, Z. There are many options within the Zoom command, but the
most common are Extents, which was explained earlier, Window, which
will allow you to specify a window to zoom to by clicking with your mouse,
and All, which will zoom to the drawing limits. Drawing limits is an area
specified by the Limits command, which will be explained in a later
chapter and is usually established in a template. If you can’t zoom out far
enough to see all the objects in your drawing with the mouse wheel, it’s
because your drawing limits are too small. You can correct this problem
by using Zoom Extents to see all of your objects. Entering the Zoom
command with the keyboard can be useful if you are working on a laptop
without a mouse because you can simply press Z Enter E Enter for Zoom
Extents or Z Enter A Enter for Zoom All.
• Undoing & Redoing Zoom
• Unlike other programs, Undo and Redo will affect Zooming and Panning as
well as will other commands. This can potentially cause problems if you
are undoing steps and zoom or pan before redoing. If you enter any
command including zoom after you have undone other commands, you
will not be able to redo them. Therefore, it is not recommended that you
Zoom or Pan whilst using Undo and Redo.
References :

• Cheryl R. Shrock, Steve Heather 2018 - Beginning AutoCAD® 2019 Exercise

Workbook
• George Omura, Brian C. Benton 2017 - Mastering AutoCAD 2018 and AutoCAD LT
2018
• Zico Pratama Putra, Ali Akbar 2019 - AutoCAD 2019 From Zero to Hero
• AutoCAD and its Applications-Basic/Shumaker & Madsen 27th Edition for Release 2020
• Comprehensive AutoCAD 2010: Student Laboratory Manual
• Tutorial Guide to AutoCAD 2018
• https://thesourcecad.com/autocad-tutorials/
• http://www.cadinternational.com/
• https://knowledge.autodesk.com/
• https://www.educba.com/introduction-to-autocad/?source=leftnav