Bundeswehr

Verification
Center

Small Arms & Light Weapons Guide 2021

With financial support from the

German Federal Foreign Office
 Introduction
Illicit Small Arms, Light Weapons (SALW) and their ammunition
pose a serious global threat to the security of individuals,
communities, and nation states. This SALW Identification Guide
provides specialized agencies, security forces, and actors involved
in regulating illegal trafficking of weapons and ammunition with
access to critical information in a compact, user-friendly format.
This Guide contains an overview of different SALW and
ammunition markings as well as photographs, technical data and
their known geographical distribution to help identify some of the
most common weapons currently in circulation.

The accurate identification, documentation and reporting of

weapons and ammunition that has been seized or captured on the
battlefield is a cornerstone of counter-diversion and tracing
initiatives aimed at reducing illicit proliferation. Systematic marking,
precise identification and reliable recordkeeping practices are
equally essential to effectively managing national weapons and
ammunition stockpiles through their lifecycle from production to
destruction.

The Guide facilitates the preparation and implementation of SALW-

control field assessment missions and has proven to be a valuable
training aid in enhancing national and regional weapons and
ammunition management capacity in various conflict-affected
contexts. A practical Ammunition Documentation Tool to accurately
photograph, measure and identify commonly found ammunition
calibers is included.

Bundeswehr
Verification
Center
 -2-

The SALW Guide was compiled by the German Bundeswehr

Verification Center (BwVC), Global Arms- and Proliferation
Control Division, in close cooperation with the Bonn International
Center for Conversion (BICC).

For feedback contact:

[email protected]
[email protected]

In addition to this printed version, an online

SALW Guide has been developed and
implemented by the Bonn International
C
Center f
for C
Conversion i (BICC) withi h the
h
financial support of the German Federal
Foreign Office.

http://salw-guide.bicc.de/

Produced with financial

support from the
German Federal
Foreign Office
 -3-

References

Genitron (2020). The Handgun Information Resource. Accessible

via http://www.genitron.com/HandgunDB/P2Manufacturers.asp
(last accessed on 21.11.2020).

Hogg Ian V. ( 2002). Guns Recognition Handbook. Janes

Information Group. Coulsdon.

Janes Weapons (2019). Infantry Yearbook 19/20. Janes

Information Group. Coulsdon.

Lischun/Rainer, & Wollen/ Günther, ( 2011). Infanteriewaffen:

Illustrierte Enzyklopädie der Infanteriewaffen aus aller Welt.
Parragon. Köln.

Modern Firearms (2020). Accessible via: http://world.guns.ru/

(last accessed on 21.11.2020).

Nazarian Arms Recognition Guide (2020). Accessible via

htt //
http://www.nazarian.no/
i / (last
(l t accessed
d on 21.11.2020).
21 11 2020)

Royal Canadian Mounted Police (2020). Firearms Referenece

Table (RCMP. Accessible via https://www.rcmp-
grc.gc.ca/en/firearms/firearms-reference-table (last accessed on
21.11.2020).

UZItalk.com (2020). Uzi talk. Accessible via

http://files.uzitalk.com/reference/pages/receivermarks.htm (last
accessed on 21.11.2020).

Walter, John ((2002).Kalaschnikow

) - Das Sturmgewehr
g und seine
Ableger (Waffen und Gerät) (Deutsch) Gebundene Ausgabe – 1.
Februar 2002. Motorbuch. Stuttgart.

Wollen/ Günther, Lischun/Rainer, & Kopenhagen Wilfried ( 1999).

Illustrierte Enzyklopädie der Schützenwaffen aus aller Welt (1945
- 1985). Brandenburgisches Verlagshaus. Bonn.
 -4-

This document features color coded sections identifiable via indicators

located on the left of even pages and on the right of uneven pages.
The color bar legend below illustrates how this document is organized
and the color associated with a given section.

Contents

General Information Country

y Codes 6

SALW Categories 8

SALW Markings Marking Methods 10

Markings Overview 14

SALW ID Keys 22

Map 23

The weapons are divided into SALW categories and listed in

alphabetical order of the countries of origin.

Pistols and Revolvers 24 Rifles and Carbines 44

Glock 17 26 Mauser K 98 46
FN HP 30 MAS 49/56 48
Webley Mk IV 32 Lee Enfield SMLE 52
Tokarev TT 34 Mosin Nagant 1891 54
Makarov PM 36 Simonov SKS 56
Colt M 1911 40 Dragunov SVD 60
FATIH 13 42
 -5-

Submachine guns 64 Hand-held and under-barrel

SA vz 23/25 – SA vz 24/26 66 grenade launchers 140
MAT 49 68 M 79 142
Sten 70 M 203 144
Sterling 74
UZI 78 Portable anti-tank guns 146
Beretta M 12 82 RPG 2 148
PPSH 84 RPG 7 150
Carl Gustav 154
Assault rifles 86
Steyr AUG 88 Personal defense weapons 156
FN FAL 92 FN P90 159
H&K G 3 96
AK 47 / AKM / AK 74 100
AR 15 / M16 118

Machine guns 122

HK 21 / HK 23 124
MG 3 126
RPD 128
PK 130
RPK 132
DShk 134
M60 136
Browning M2 148

MANPADS MANPADS – General 162

Strela (SA-7 / SA-14) 168
Igla (SA-16 / SA-18) 170
FIM-92 Stinger 178

SALW ammunition 182

SALW ammunition markings 188

SALW field documentation 198

About the Authors 204

General Information -6-

AFG AF Afghanistan CHN CN China GMB GM Gambia

AGO AO Angola CIV CI Cote d'Ivoire GNB GW Guinea-Bissau

Equatorial
ALB AL Albania CMR CM Cameroon GNQ GQ
Guinea
AND AD Andorra COD CD D.R. Congo GRC GR Greece
United Arab
ARE AE COG CG Rep. Congo GRD GD Grenada
Emirates
ARG AR Argentina COL CO Colombia GTM GT Guatemala

ARM AM Armenia COM KM Comoros GUY GY Guyana

Antigua &
ATG AG CPV CV Cape Verde HND HN Honduras
Barbuda
AUS AU Australia CRI CR Costa Rica HRV HR Croatia
AUT AT Austria CUB CU Cuba HTI HT Haiti
AZE AZ Azerbaijan CYP CY Cyprus HUN HU Hungary
Czech
BDI BI Burundi CZE CZ IDN ID Indonesia
Republic
BEL BE Belgium DEU DE Germany IND IN India
BEN BJ Benin DJI DJ Djibouti IRL IE Ireland

BFA BF Burkina Faso DMA DM Dominica IRN IR Iran

BGD BD Bangladesh DNK DK Denmark IRQ IQ Iraq

Dominican
BHR BH Bahrain DOM DO ISL IS Iceland
Republic
BHS BS Bahamas DZA DZ Algeria ISR IL Israel
Bosnia &
BIH BA ECU EC Ecuador ITA IT Italy
Herzegovina
BLR BY Belarus EGY EG Egypt JAM JM Jamaica
BLZ BZ Belize ERI ER Eritrea JOR JO Jordan
BOL BO Bolivia ESP ES Spain JPN JP Japan
BRA BR Brazil EST EE Estonia KAZ KZ Kazakhstan
BRB BB Barbados ETH ET Ethiopia KEN KE Kenya
Brunei
BRN BN FIN FI Finland KGZ KG Kyrgyzstan
Darussalam
BTN BT Bhutan FJI FJ Fiji KHM KH Cambodia
BGR BG Bulgaria FRA FR France KIR KI Kiribati
St. Kitts &
BWA BW Botswana FSM FM Micronesia KNA KN
Nevis
Central African
CAF CF GAB GA Gabon KOR KR Korea, South
Republic
United
CAN CA Canada GBR GB KWT KW Kuwait
Kingdom
COK CK Cook Islands GEO GE Georgia LAO LA Laos
CHE CH Switzerland GHA GH Ghana LBN LB Lebanon
CHL CL Chile GIN GN Guinea LBR LR Liberia
 -7-
General Information

LBY LY Libyen NPL NP Nepal SWE SE Sweden

LCA LC St. Lucia NRU NR Nauru SWZ SZ Swaziland

LIE LI Liechtenstein NZL NZ New Zealand SYC SC Seychelles

LKA LK Sri Lanka OMN OM Oman SYR SY Syria

LSO LS Lesotho PAK PK Pakistan TCD TD Chad
LTU LT Lithuania PAN PA Panama TGO TG Togo
LUX LU Luxembourg PER PE Peru THA TH Thailand
LVA LV Latvia PHL PH Philippines TJK TJ Tajikistan
MAR MA Morocco PLW PW Palau TKM TM Turkmenistan
Papua New
MCO MC Monaco PNG PG TLS TL East Timor
Guinea
MDA MD Moldova POL PL Poland TON TO Tonga
Trinidad &
MDG MG Madagascar PRK KP Korea, North TTO TT
Tobago
MDV MV Maldives PRT PT Portugal TUN TN Tunisia
MEX MX Mexico PRY PY Paraguay TUR TR Turkey
Marshall
MHL MH QAT QA Qatar TUV TV Tuvalu
Islands
North
MKD MK ROU RO Romania TWN TW Taiwan
Macedonia
MLI ML Mali RUS RU Russia TZA TZ Tanzania
MLT MT Malta RWA RW Rwanda UGA UG Uganda
MMR MM Myanmar SAU SA Saudi Arabia UKR UA Ukraine
MNE ME Montenegro SDN SD Sudan URY UY Uruguay
MNG MN Mongolia SSD SS South Sudan USA US United States
MOZ MZ Mozambique SEN SN Senegal UZB ZU Uzbekistan
MRT MR Mauretania SGP SG Singapore VAT VA Vatican City
Solomon St.Vincent &
MUS MU Mauritius SLB SB VCT VC
Islands the Grenadines
MWI MW Malawi SLE SL Sierra Leone VEN VE Venezuela
MYS MY Malaysia SLV SV El Salvador VNM VN Vietnam
NAM NA Namibia SMR SM San Marino VUT VU Vanuatu
NER NE Niger SOM SO Somalia WSM WS Samoa
NGA NG Nigeria SRB RS Serbia YEM YE Yemen
Sao Tome &
NIC NI Nicaragua STP ST XKX XK Kosovo
Principe

NIU NU Niue SUR SR Suriname ZAF ZA South Africa

NLD NL Netherlands SVK SK Slovakia ZMB ZM Zambia

NOR NO Norway SVN SI Slovenia ZWE ZW Zimbabwe
General Information -8-
SALW Categories
Self-loading Pistols & Revolvers

Pistols (Semi-autos) use part of the energy produced by burning cartridge

powder to remove the used cartridge from the chamber, cock the hammer
(or striker) and load a new cartridge in the chamber, so that the pistol will be
ready for the next shot. Cartridges are usually fed from a box magazine,
1 located in the pistol's handle. Box magazines may contain up to 15
cartridges (or more) in single or double columns, depending on the pistol
model, and are easy (and very quick) to reload.

Revolvers got their name from the rotating (or revolving) cylinder, which
contains cartridges. Usually the cylinder holds from 5 to 8 cartridges.

Rifles & Carbines

Bolt action rifle is a weapon which requires a manual operation to reload a
2 weapon prior to each shot. Term "bolt action" comes from the "bolt" - a part
of the weapon that is used to feed cartridges into the chamber and to lock
the barrel upon the fire.

Sub-machine guns
3 The sub-machine gun is an automatic or selective-fired shoulder weapon
that fires pistol
pistol-caliber
caliber ammunition.

Assault rifles

4 An assault rifle is loosely defined as a selective fire rifle designed for

combat that uses an intermediate cartridge and a detachable magazine.
Assault rifles are the standard infantry weapons in most modern armies.

Light machine guns

A light machine gun (LMG) is a fully automatic mounted or portable
5 firearm, usually designed to fire rifle bullets in quick succession from an
ammunition belt or large-capacity magazine, typically at a rate of several
hundred rounds per minute.

Heavy machine guns

6
Similar to LMGs, usually with a caliber greater than 12.7mm (.50).

Hand-held under-barrel and mounted grenade launchers

A grenade launcher is a weapon which fires a grenade – a small shell, filled

7 with high explosive or other agent, such as tear gas for less lethal
application, bright burning compound for illumination purposes, incendiary
filling etc. In most cases the grenade also must be fitted with a fuse, and
with a safety, to avoid damage to the grenadier or handler.
 -9- General Information

SALW Categories
Portable anti-aircraft guns
Anti-aircraft guns are used by the infantry to engage air targets. Their
effectiveness is generally limited to long-term attrition rather than preventing
individual aircraft from completing weapon delivery. Speed and altitude of
modern jet aircraft limit target opportunities, and critical systems may be
8 protected by armor in aircraft designed to attack targets on the ground.
Ammunition and shells fired by these weapons are usually fitted with different
types of fuses (barometric, time-delay, or proximity) to send exploding metal
fragments into the area of the airborne target.
target For shorter
shorter-range
range work,
work a
lighter weapon with a higher rate of fire is required to increase hit probability
on a fast airborne target. Weapons between 20mm and 40 mm caliber have
been widely used in this role.

Portable anti-tank guns

Anti-tank guns are guns designed to destroy armored vehicles. In order to
9 penetrate the armor of tanks and other armored vehicles, they generally fire
shells of smaller caliber than regular indirect-fire artillery guns, propelling
them at higher velocity.

Recoiless guns / rifles

A recoilless gun or recoilless rifle is a lightweight weapon that fires a
heavier projectile that would be impractical to fire from a recoiling weapon of
10 comparable size. Technically, only devices that use a rifled barrel are
recoilless rifles. Recoilless rifles are capable of firing artillery-type shells at a
range and velocity comparable to that of a normal light cannon, although
they are typically used to fire larger shells at lower velocities and ranges.

Portable launcher of anti-tank missile and rocket systems

An anti-tank guided missile (ATGM) or anti-tank guided weapon (ATGW)
is a guided missile primarily designed to hit and destroy heavily armored
11 tanks and other armored fighting vehicles. ATGMs range in size from
shoulder-launched weapons which can be transported by a single soldier, to
larger tripod-mounted weapons which require a squad or team to transport
and fire, to missile systems mounted on vehicles and aircraft.

Portable launcher of anti-aircraft missile systems

12 Man-portable air-defense systems (MANPADS) are shoulder-launched

surface-to-air missiles (SAMs). They are typically guided weapons and are a
threat to low-flying aircraft, especially helicopters.

Portable mortars of calibers less than 100mm

13 A mortar is a muzzle-loading indirect fire weapon that fires shells at low

velocities, short ranges, and high-arcing ballistic trajectories. It typically has a
barrel length less than 15 times its caliber.
SALW Markings - 10 -

Marking methods
Ref.: MOSAIC (Modular small arms control implementation compendium)

Stamping
Stamping is the most commonly used technique for marking metal.
It involves marking the metal part of the firearm by applying
pressure on a mould or matrix bearing the marking to be engraved
(indenting), inducing a permanent plastic deformation of the
crystalline structure of the material. When the stamping technique
is used, the crystalline structure of the material that is stamped can
actually be altered to a depth six times greater than that of the
stamp itself. If someone erases the stamped marking on the
surface of the weapon, there can still be a legible trace of the
marking in the metal itself. These changes in the physical
properties of the material can then be used to help restore the
markings if they are erased on the surface. Erased stamped
markings can be retrieved in about one-third of cases thanks to the
deep deformations of the metallic structure.
structure A flat surface is needed
to mark a firearm using a stamping procedure. If the surface is
uneven or is made of very hard material, a more sophisticated
micro-percussion process is used (sometimes computer-guided).
This process, also called pin stamping, can be used both for plastic
and metal surfaces. Characters can be applied at a rate of 1 to 5
characters per second whose size varies from 1 to 80mm and at
different depths.
The potential fragility of some parts can limit the use of this
process. Plastic and composite materials that are increasingly
being used in the manufacture of new-generation weapons cannot
be stamped.
stamped Furthermore,
Furthermore due to its primary applicability to
unhardened metals, low-tech stamping machinery is also largely
unsuitable for the application of post-production markings. When
the parts and components of a firearm have already been
manufactured, marking is usually carried out with a technique other
than stamping to avoid any damage to the manufactured part.
 - 11 - SALW Markings

Casting
The casting method adds markings directly to the moulds used to
manufacture weapon parts. Casting is also used for plastic and
composite materials (injection moulds) on which stamping would be
impractical. This method remains in limited use, mainly because of
the small surface areas available on some weapon parts. Casting is
not suitable for marking serial numbers, which need to be unique
for each weapon.

Mechanical engraving
This technique for marking firearms is fairly widely used.
Information is directly mechanically cut on the surface of the
material. Another method is Electrical Discharge Machining, where
the surface layer is heated and vaporized by a continuous electrical
discharge. Hardened materials can be marked with this method
when traditional techniques such as stamping would be ineffective.
However, there can be physical limitations when engraving
information on certain surfaces and materials, such as composite
materials This method is also difficult as far as accessibility and
materials.
resistance of the parts to be marked are concerned, especially if
markings are required once the weapon has been assembled.

Laser engraving
Laser (light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation)
permits marking all kinds of surfaces through burning by oxidization
and has the advantage of requiring no physical contact with the
surface to be marked. It also enables one to mark areas
inaccessible to other marking procedures, as well as to mark fragile
parts where attempts
p p to remove the mark would render the weapon p
inoperable.
It can be used for composite materials or plastics as well as
hardened metals that cannot be marked by classical methods such
as stamping. Lasers can mark miniscule surfaces with precision, for
example surfaces smaller than 1mm2 and can contain information
either in matrix (data matrix) or bar code format. It is also the most
practical method to mark logos, text and numbers on a confined
space. The disadvantage of laser engraving is that, if the marking is
erased, there is no possibility of recovering it.
SALW Markings - 12 -

In contrast to stamping and mechanical engraving, laser engraving

is considerably more time and resource efficient. Furthermore,
laser marks can be applied to virtually all materials and at any
stage of the production process, including at post-production
stages. Computer-operated lasers can also be used to mark
individual rounds of ammunition, by integrating the laser marking
process into the packaging machinery for ammunition. The
ammunition can be marked in the cartridge’s groove just before
being packaged.
packaged
Laser marking can be reinforced by sensitizing the surface of the
weapon component to be marked to a certain wavelength by using
a special product. Information is then marked on the weapon with a
laser. The marking is then covered with a layer of paint or a
galvanizing product which renders the marking invisible to the
naked eye. However, the marking is visible when viewed under a
certain light (i.e. infrared or ultraviolet) according to the wavelength
for which the surface has been sensitized.

Radio frequency identification

Radio frequency identification (RFID) uses an electronic chip
embedded in a weapon that carries information about the weapon.
These electronic chips can be read from a certain distance using
an RFID reader. If needed, information on the chip can also be
modified.

Electrochemical methods
With electrochemical methods, an applicator moistened with an
electrolyte solution that is connected to an electrical source is
placed on a stencil bearing the marking. The stencil is then placed
on the surface to be marked. The depth of the marking is regulated
with the strength of the electrical current. This method is used on
fragile parts of a firearm or certain types of ammunition that will not
allow deeper markings. The disadvantage of this type of marking is
that once the marking is obliterated, it is unlikely to be recovered.
Another drawback of this type of marking is that it only works on
conductive materials.
 - 13 - SALW Markings

Micro-stamping (ammunition)
Micro-stamping allows for the marking of a weapon’s make, model
and serial number (or other identifying information) onto a round of
ammunition each time a weapon is fired. Markings are applied to
the primer and cartridge case of the round of ammunition by laser
engravings on the tip of the firing pin and on the breech face,
respectively. Spent cartridges are thus imprinted with identifying
information of the weapon that fired it.
it

Other methods
Additional marking methods currently used in other sectors are
being studied for potential use in marking firearms. Chemical
tracers can be added to metal and plastics used in the production
of firearm components and ammunition powder. Crystallographic
and radioactive elements can also be used to mark weapons and
ammunition powder. Colorimetric methods permit the use of tracers
that are composed of a set of colour layers, to which a fluorescent
y
layer is added for detection. The observed colour sequence q
represents a unique numeric code for each manufacturer.
SALW Markings - 14 -

Markings overview

The following pages provide an overview of various markings.

Proof markings – Manufacturer – Type
All shown markings are only a selection.
Further markings may be found.

Austria Bulgaria

Belgium
 - 15 - SALW Markings

Czech Republic Denmark Chile

France
SALW Markings - 16 -

Former
Finland Germany Hungary
GDR

Egypt

Italy Iraq
 - 17 - SALW Markings

Norway Spain Sweden

North Korea
R
Romania
i

Slovak Used by many

Republic countries
SALW Markings - 18 -

United Kingdom

Poland Former
Yugoslavia

I
Israel
l

India Japan
 - 19 - SALW Markings

Russia / Former Soviet Union

SALW Markings - 20 -

USA

China
 - 21 - SALW Markings

Fire selector marks on Kalashnikov-pattern weapons

Albania

Egypt Hungary

Iran
Finland
Example: Former GDR

North Korea China Bulgaria

Russia East Germany Czech Rep.

Iraq Former
R
Romania
i P l d
Poland
Yugoslavia
SALW ID - 22 -

Keys

Weapons
Characteristics

Markings
 - 23 - SALW ID

Map

Countries which produced

the weapon originally or
with license,
independently of a variant
or another version.

BRA Countries of origin (bolt)

AGO GRC Countries which own or

BGD GUY owned the weapon, a
BRN HTI variant / version, or
BOL IRN where it can be found.
BRA JOR
DEU QAT
KEN
COL
MWI
MYS
MAR
NER
NGA

Countries which produce

or produced the weapon
under license
(underlined).
SALW ID - 24 -

Pistols and
Revolvers
 - 25 - SALW ID

Glock 17 26
FN High Power 30
Webley Mk IV 32
Tokarev TT 34
Makarov PM 38
Colt M 1911 40
FATIH 13 42
SALW ID - 26 -

Glock 17

Generation 1 Glock 17

Generation 2 Glock 17, this model

added finger stepping and cuts to the
backstrap of the frame to make it easier
to hold than the Generation 1 model.

Generation 3 Glock 17, with finger grooves,

thumb reliefs, and accessory rail on the
frame, which differentiate it from the older
model.
 - 27 - SALW ID

Glock 17C

Generation 2 Glock 17
with Generation 3 grip

Glock 17L
SALW ID - 28 -

Glock 17
 - 29 - SALW ID

Cartridge: 9x19mm Para

Type: Short recoil, locked breech, semi-automatic /
Safe Action (constant double action mode)
Length: 186 mm
Weight: 620 g
Muzzle velocity: 350 m/s
Magazine capacity: 17 rounds
Remarks: Several modified versions of the Glock 17 have also been introduced.
The Glock 17C incorporated slots cut in the barrel and slide to compensate for
muzzle rise and recoil. The Glock 17L incorporates a longer slide and extended
barrel. Initially, the Glock 17L had three holes in the top of the barrel and a
corresponding slot in the slide; however, later production pistols lack the holes in
the barrel. The Glock 17MB is a version with ambidextrous magazine catch.
Glock pistols are designed with three independent safety mechanisms to prevent
accidental discharge. The system, designated "Safe Action" by Glock, consists of
an external integrated trigger safety and two automatic internal safeties: a firing
pin safety and a drop safety. The external safety is a small inner lever contained
in the trigger.

AUT AUS DEU LUX ROU

BEL HKG MYS ESP
BGD IDN MEX SGP Over 2.5 million have been
BRA IND MCO SWE produced up until now.
CAN IRQ MNE CHE
CZE ISL NLD THA
ECU ISR NOR USA It is also used in several
FJI JOR NZL URY countries as an official weapon
FIN KOR PHL VEN by the Security Forces / Police
GBR LVA POL XKX and it has been seen in many
GEO LTU PRT YEM countries in Africa as well.
SALW ID - 30 -

FN High Power
 - 31 - SALW ID

Cartridge: 9x19mm Para / .40S&W /

7.65x21mm Para Type: Single action
Length: 200 mm
Weight: 885 g
Muzzle velocity: 350 m/s
Magazine capacity: 13 rounds
Remarks: The High Power is one of the most widely used military pistols of all
time, having been used by the armed forces of over 50 countries. The pistol is
often referred to as an HP (for "Hi-Power" or "High Power") or as a GP (for the
F
French h term,
t "G d Puissance")
"Grande P i ") or as BAP (Browning
(B i A t
Automatic
ti Pistol).
Pi t l)
Technically, the High Power pistol, also known as Browning HP 35, GP 35 or
Model 1935, is a recoil operated, locked breech pistol. It uses linkless barrel to
slide locking invented by Browning. The trigger is single action, with external
hammer. Original HPs featured frame mounted safety at the left side of the frame
that locks both sear and slide. Modern versions, since Mark II, have also featured
ambidextrous safety levers that are also more comfortable to operate.

BEL AUT CHL FRA JOR MOZ PHL SLV USA

ARG ARE CHN GHA KEN MWI PNG SUR VEN
AUS BDI COD GRC KHM MYS POL SYR YNM
CAN BGD COL GTM KWT NAM PRT TCD ZAF
GBR BHR CUB HND LBN NDL PRK TGO ZMB
IDN BLZ CYP IND LBR NGA PRY THA ZWE
HUN BMU DEU IRE LBY NPL ROU TTO
ISR BRA DNK IRL LKA NZL RWA TUN
BRB DOM IRN LTU OMN SAU TUR
BRN ECU IRQ LUX PAK SDN TZA
BOL EST ISR MLI PAN SSD UGA
BWA FIN JAM MMR PER SLE URY
SALW ID - 32 -

Webley Mk. IV
 - 33 - SALW ID

Cartridge: .455 British service; .38/200

(.38S&W)
Type: Double action
Weight: 995 g
Muzzle velocity: 200 m/s
Capacity: 6 rounds
Remarks: The Webley Mk. IV was a standard issue service pistol for the armed
forces of the United Kingdom and British Empire and Commonwealth for over 70
years. All Webley top-beak revolvers featured a two-piece frame, which hinges
("breaks") down at the forward low end for ejection and loading. The ejector is
actuated automatically when the frame is broken open, simultaneously removing
all six cases from the cylinder. The cartridges then can be inserted by hand.
When the revolver is rechambered for .45ACP rounds, half-moon clips are used
to load the gun (two clips, each for 3 rounds).

GBR AUS NAM

BWA NGA
CAN NZL
COD PAK
EGY SDN
GHA SSD
GUY TZA
IND UGA
JOR ZAF
IRQ ZMB
KEN ZWE
SALW ID - 34 -

Tokarev TT-30/TT-33

TT-30

TT-33, post-WW II manufacture

ROU
 - 35 - SALW ID

Versions with frame mounted safety

CHN Norinco Type 54

Model 213 - 9x19mm

POL

Tokagypt 58
made in HUN for EGY,
chambered in 9x19mm
SALW ID - 36 -

Tokarev TT-30/TT-33
 - 37 - SALW ID

Cartridge: 7.62x25mm TT (soviet modification of 7.63x25mm

Mauser)
Type: Single action
Length: 195 mm
Weight: 910 g
Muzzle velocity: 420 m/s
Magazine capacity: 8 rounds

Remarks: The TT looks like the Browning FN 1903, and the mechanism is
g y, the TT was modified and p
similar to the Colt M1911. In Hungary, produced for
export to Egypt in caliber 9mm and with a safety lock. For its time, Tokarev TT
was a formidable weapon, with good penetration and effective range. It was very
reliable and easy to maintain. What it lacked most was the manual safety, and its
grip shape was not too comfortable. It was in service with several armed forces,
both regular and irregular, and it can be found in many countries in Asia and
Africa.

Former Soviet Union Former GDR IRQ MLI SYR

Former Yugoslavia AFG COD KAZ MLT TCD
SRB AGO DZA KGZ MNE TJK
CHN ALB EGY KHM MNG TKM
HUN ARM FIN LAO MOZ UGA
PRK AZE GAB LBY MRT UKR
POL BEN GEO LKA PAK UZB
PAK BGR GIN LTU PRK ZMB
ROU BIH GNB MAR POL ZWE
VNM BLR GNQ MDA RUS
BRN HRV MDG SLE
CIV HUN MKD SOM
SALW ID - 38 -

Makarov PM (Pistolet Makarova)

R
Russia
i

BGR

Former GDR
 - 39 - SALW ID

Cartridge: 9.2 x 18mm

Type: Double action
Length: 161 mm
Weight: 730 g
Muzzle velocity: 315 m/s
Magazine capacity: 8 rounds

Remarks: The PM has a free-floating firing pin, with no firing pin spring or firing
pin block. This may cause the pistol to fire accidentally if it is dropped on its
muzzle.
It is a simple and sound design, which makes it one of the best compact self-
defense pistols of its time. While not extremely accurate and lethal at ranges
beyond 15-20 meters, it is still a formidable and reliable self-defense weapon.
In the former Yugoslavia, the Makarov was produced under license as a
commercial export-only version also in caliber 9x17mm (.380 ACP) and
7.65x17mm.

Former Soviet Union AGO CZE IDN MDG ROU

F
Former GDR AFG DZA IRQ MKD RUS
Former Yugoslavia ALB ERI KAZ MLI SLE
CHN ARM EST KGZ MLT SOM
AZE ETH KHM MNG SYR
BGB GEO LAO MRT TJK
BDI GIN LBY MOZ TKM
BLR GND LKA MWI UGA
COD GRD LTU NIC UKR
COG HUN LVA PKR VNM
CUB IND MDA POL ZMB
SALW ID - 40 -

Colt M 1911
 - 41 - SALW ID

Cartridge: .45 ACP (11.43x23mm)

Type: Single action
Length: 219 mm
Weight: 1,105 g
Muzzle velocity: 260 m/s
Magazine capacity: 7 rounds
Remarks: Technically, the M1911, also known as Colt Government, is a recoil
operated, locked breech semi-auto pistol. It has a single action trigger with frame-
mounted safety that locks the hammer and the slide. The hammer may be locked
either
ith in
i a cocked
k d or a lowered
l d position,
iti allowing
ll i theth gun to
t be
b carried
i d in
i "cocked
" k d
and locked" state, with safety on, hammer cocked and round chambered.
Additional automated safety is incorporated into rear of the grip and locks the
action when the gun is not held properly.
The M 1911 was manufactured by many companies in many countries, partly in
the original form, partly modified, partly under license and partly without a license.
It was exported to many countries after WW II, and it was in service with the US
armed forces for more than 70 years.

USA BGD ETH LTU THA

BOL FJI MYS TUR
BRA GEO MEX TUC
COL GRC NIC VNM
CRI GTM NOR URY
CHN HTI PAN ZWE
DEU IDN PHL
DOM IRN PKR
ECU JPN PNG
EGY KOR SDN
ESP LBR SSD
SALW ID - 42 -

FATIH 13
 - 43 - SALW ID

Cartridge: 7.65 x 17mm

Type: Single action
Length: 176 mm
Weight: 690 g
Magazine capacity: 12 rounds

Remarks: Technically, the FATIH 13 is a recoil operated, locked breech

semi-auto pistol. It has single action trigger with frame mounted safety that locks
the hammer and the slide. The hammer may y be locked either in cocked or in
lowered position, allowing the gun to be carried in "cocked and locked" state, with
safety on, hammer cocked and round chambered. The FATIH 13 was
manufactured by Tisas (Trabzon Silah Sanayi AS) Company, a Turkish Firearm
Company from Trebzon city at the Turkish Black See Coast, established in 1993.
This weapon was mainly spread in the region of Ex-Yugoslavia during the conflict.
Today, it is well known in Bosnia-Herzegovina (BiH), and in 2018, the weapon
was seen and seized in Burkina Faso.

TUR BIH
SVN
HRV
SRB
MNE
MKD
XKX
BFA
SALW ID - 44 -

Rifles and
Carbines
 - 45 - SALW ID

Mauser K 98 46
MAS 49/56 48
Lee Enfield SMLE 52
Mosin Nagant 1891 54
Simonov SKS 56
Dragunov SVD 60
SALW ID - 46 -

Mauser K98

K 98k (carabine)
 - 47 - SALW ID

Cartridge: 7.92x57mm Mauser (8x57 IS)

Action: Manually operated, rotating bolt
Length: 1,110 mm
Weight: 3.9 kg
Muzzle velocity: 755 m/s
Magazine capacity: 5 rounds
Rate of fire: approx. 15 rounds per minute
Remarks: There are many variants of this weapon, and it has been widely copied.
K98k is a bolt-action rifle chambered for the 7.92×57mm Mauser cartridge.
It remained the primary German service rifle until the end of WW II.
II Millions were
captured then by the Soviets and were widely distributed as military aid. The
Karabiner 98k therefore continues to appear in conflicts across the world as they
are taken out of storage during times of strife. A number of non-European nations
as well as a few guerrilla organizations used the Mauser Karabiner 98k rifle to
help establish new nation-states. One example was Israel that used the Mauser
Karabiner 98k rifle from the late 1940s until the 1970s. During the 1990s, the
Yugoslavian Karabiner 98k rifles and the Yugoslavian M48 and M48A rifles were
used alongside modern automatic and semi-automatic rifles by all the warring
factions of the Yugoslav wars.

DEU AUT HND POL

ARG BOL IRQ ROU
BEL BGR ISR SAU Nearly 13 million produced
CHE CZE ITA SLV in many different versions.
CHL DZA JPN SRB
CHN DNK LYB SYR
ESP ECU LUX TUN
MEX EGY MRT TUR
PER FIN NLD VEN
SWE FRA NOR
Former Yugoslavia HRV PRT
SALW ID - 48 -

MAS 49 / MAS 49/56

MAS 49
- 49 - SALW ID

MAS 49/56
SALW ID - 50 -

MAS 49 / MAS 49/56

 - 51 - SALW ID

MAS 49 MAS 49/56

Cartridge 7.5x54mm
Action Gas operated, tilting bolt
Length 1,100 mm 1,020 mm
Weight 4.7 kg 4.1 kg
Muzzle Velocity 820 m/s
Magazine Capacity 10 rounds detachable box magazine

Remarks: The MAS-49 is a French semi-automatic rifle that replaced various bolt
action rifles as the French service rifle.
rifle The MAS-49
MAS 49 and MAS 49/56 use a direct
gas impingement system with no gas piston. In this system, gas is vented from a
port on top of the barrel and piped directly into an open cylindrical hollow located
in front and on top of the bolt carrier. The system has the advantage of not
depositing gas fouling on the bolt itself, a separate part located underneath the
bolt carrier. Many MAS-49/56 rifles were imported as surplus in the USA and
rechambered to fire the 7.62x51mm NATO round.

FRA ALG COG LAO MUS TUN

BEN COM LBN NER USA
BFA DJO MAR RWA VNM
CAF DZA MCO SEN ZWE
CIV GAB MDG SYC
CMR KHM MLI SYR
SALW ID - 52 -

Lee-Enfield, SMLE = Short, Magazine, Lee–Enfield

No. 1 Mk. III

No. 4 Mk. I
 - 53 - SALW ID

Cartridge: .303 British, (7.7x56mm R)

Action: Manually operated, rotating bolt
Length: 1,130 mm
Weight: ~ 4 kg
Muzzle velocity: 740 m/s
Magazine capacity: 10 rounds
Rate of fire: approx. 20-30 rounds per minute

Remarks: Rifles manufactured in the USA may have "UNITED STATES

PROPERTY” on the left side of the receiver. Some of the Indian-made weapons
can be found in 7.62 NATO caliber. The Lee-Enfield family of rifles is the oldest
bolt-action rifle design still in official service; Lee-Enfield rifles are used by reserve
forces and police forces in many Commonwealth countries, particularly Canada,
where they are the main rifle issued to the Canadian Rangers, and India, where
the Lee-Enfield is widely issued to reserve military units and police forces. Many
Afghan participants in the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan were armed with Lee-
Enfields (a common rifle in the Middle East and South Asia).

USA AFG EGY KEN NZL THA

AUS ALG ESP KHM OMN TZA
IND ARE GHA LVA PAK UGA
CAN AUT GUY LYB POL WGY
GBR BEL HUN MYS RWA ZAF
BGD ISL MLT SLE ZMB
BMU ITA MMR SGP ZWE
BWA IRL MWI SOM
CAF IRQ NAM SDN
CHN JOR NGA SSD
SALW ID - 54 -

Mosin-Nagant Rifle Mod. 1891 (91/30; 91/38; 91/44)

U.S. Rifle, 7.62 mm, Model of 1916

 - 55 - SALW ID

Cartridge: 7.62x54mm R
Action: Manually operated, rotating bolt
Length: 1,306 mm
Weight: ~ 4 kg
Muzzle velocity: ~ 800 m/s
Magazine capacity: 5 rounds in integral magazine
Rate of fire: approx. 10 rounds per minute
Remarks: This Russian “3-line” caliber (.30, 7,62mm) rifle existed in several
variations and was adapted and modernized several times. Copies of this rifle
were manufactured in different countries,
countries such as China,
China Hungary and Poland.
Poland
Some of these were sporterized and converted to various calibers. Large
numbers of these weapons were imported into both France and USA. The model
91/44 is shorter and has an attached bayonet. It was in service with several
armed forces, both regular and irregular, and it can be found in many countries in
Asia and Africa.

Former Russian Empire AFG ESP KGZ PRK USA

Former Soviet Union AGO EST LTU PHL UZB
RUS ALB FIN LVA POL VNM
Former Czechoslovakia ALB FRA LYB SRB YEM
CHN ARM GEO NAM SYR
FIN AZE IDN MEX TJK
HUN BGR IRQ MDA TKM
POL BLR ISR MLI TUR
ROU CUB KAZ MNE TZA
EGY KHM MNG UKR
SALW ID - 56 -

Simonov SKS
 - 57 - SALW ID

SKS with a scope

CHN SKS (Type 56), with typical spike-shaped bayonet

Yugoslavian SKS (Type 59/66),

with muzzle grenade launcher and bayonet
SALW ID - 58 -

Simonov SKS
 - 59 - SALW ID

Cartridge: 7.62x39mm
Action: Gas operated, tilting bolt
Length: 1,020 mm
Weight: 3.75 kg
Muzzle velocity: 735 m/s
Magazine capacity: 10 rounds
Rate of fire: 40 rounds per minute
Remarks: SKS is a self-loading carabine. It utilizes a short-stroke gas piston with
its own return spring and a tilting bolt locking, where a bolt tips down to lock onto
the floor of the receiver. The charging handle is attached to the right side of the
bolt carrier and moves when the gun is fired. The safety switch is located inside
the trigger guard. The early model 50 weapons are shorter and are usually found
without the bayonet. The SKS was an extremely reliable, simple weapon with two
unique distinguishing characteristics: a permanently attached folding bayonet, and
a hinged non-detachable magazine. However, it was incapable of fully automatic
fire and limited by its ten-round magazine capacity and was rendered obsolescent
by the introduction of the AK-47 in the 1950s. The SKS remains popular on the
civilian market as a hunting and marksmanship arm in many countries, including
the United States and Canada.

Former Soviet Union AFG CPV IDN MKD PRK SYR

ALB AGO CUB IND MLI PSE SYC
CHN ARM CZE IRQ MMR ROU TJK
EGY AZE DZA JOR MNG RUS TKM
Former GDR BEN ERI KAZ MOZ RWA TZA
Former Yugoslavia BGD ETH KGZ MUS SDN TCD
BGR GEO KHM NAM SLE UKR
BIH GIN LAO NGA SOM UZB
BLR GNB LYB NPL SRB VNM
CAF HRV MDA OMN SSD YEM
CMR HUN MDG POL SVN XKX
SALW ID - 60 -

DRAGUNOV SVD (Variants)

original SVD rifle with wooden furniture

SVD-S rifle with folding butt and polymer furniture

 - 61 - SALW ID

Al Kadesih rifle (Iraq)

four long slots instead of six short slots

The magazine has an ornamental

relief pattern showing a stylized
palm tree.

Type 85 rifle (China)

FPK rifle (ROU)

The FPK is a modified Kalashnikov AK

rifle restyled to look like a SVD and
chambered for 7.62x54R.
SALW ID - 62 -

DRAGUNOV SVD (Variants)

 - 63 - SALW ID

Cartridge: 7.62x54mm R
Action: Gas operated, short stroke, rotating bolt; semi-automatic
Length: 1,225 mm
Weight: 4.31 kg
Muzzle velocity: 830 m/s
Magazine capacity: 10 round detachable box magazine
Remarks: Dragunov SVD uses short-stroke gas piston, and its gas chamber has
a two-position manual gas regulator. Barrels are locked by rotating bolt with three
lugs. The safety is somewhat reminiscent in its appearance to that of
Kalashnikov AK-Assault rifle, although the internal design of the trigger unit is
different, and there are no provisions for full automatic fire. The trigger unit is
assembled on a separate removable base that also incorporates a trigger guard.
It is used by all former Warsaw Pact countries, and it is in service with numerous
armed forces, both regular and irregular. The Yugoslavian model is marked
“Zastava Model 76,” has a solid, non-skeletonized stock, and is chambered in
7.92x57mm.

Former Soviet Union AFG CAF KAZ PRK UKR

Former Yugoslavia ALB CZE KGZ POL UZB
RUS ARM CIV LVA SDN VEN
CHN AUT EGY LYB SEN VNM
FIN AZE ETH MDA SRB ZWE
IRN BDI ERI MLI SVK
IRQ BGD FIN MNG SYR
ROU BGR GEO NER TJK
BLR HUN NIC TUR
BOL IND PHL TKM
SALW ID - 64 -

Submachine
guns
 - 65 - SALW ID

SA vz 23/25-SA vz 24/26 66
MAT 49 68
Sten 70
Sterling 74
UZI 78
Beretta M 12 82
PPSH 84
SALW ID - 66 -

SA vz 23 / 25 – SA vz 24 / 26

Sa 25, with folding butt

in opened position,
position 9mm

Sa 25, with folding butt

in folded position

Sa 24, with fixed wooden butt, 7.62mm

 - 67 - SALW ID

SA 23 & SA 25 SA 24 & SA 26
Cartridge 9x19mm Luger/Para 7.62x25mm Tokarev
Action Blowback-operated, fired from open bolt
Length 445/686 mm (stock closed/open)
Weight 3.27 kg 3.5 kg
Muzzle Velocity 380 m/s 550 m/s
Magazine Capacity 24 or 40 rounds 32 rounds
Rate of fire 650 rounds per minute
Remarks: The CZ Model 25 (properly,
(properly SA 25 or SA vz.vz 48b/ Samopal vz. vz 48b)
utilizes a straightforward blowback action, with no locked breech, and fire from the
open bolt position. They also use a progressive trigger for selecting between semi-
automatic fire and fully automatic fire. Lightly pulling on the trigger will fire a single
shot. Pulling the trigger farther to the rear in a continuous motion will fire fully
automatically until the trigger is released or the magazine is empty. After the SA 25
was declared obsolete in 1968, many of the 9mm weapons were sold around the
world. The surplus weapons were exported to other communist countries including
North Vietnam. A somewhat-modified copy of the 9x19mm model was produced in
Rhodesia in the early 1970s and known as “Rhogun”.

Former Czechoslovakia CHL LBN SVK

CUB LYB SYR
CZE MOZ TZA
EST NIC VNM
GRD NGA ZAF
GIN ROU
KHM SOM
SALW ID - 68 -

MAT 49
 - 69 - SALW ID

Cartridge: 9x19mm Luger/Parabellum / 7.62x25mm Tokarev

Action: Blowback-operated, fired from open bolt
Length: (stock closed/open) 404 / 660 mm
Weight: 3.6 kg
Muzzle velocity: 365 m/s
Magazine capacity: 20 or 32 rounds
Rate of fire: 600 rounds per minute

Remarks: For some 30 years, the MAT 49 was widely used by French military
and police forces,
forces it was used throughout the campaigns in Indochina and Algeria.
Algeria
The weapon can still be encountered in ex-French colonies in Africa and
Indochina. It should be noted that North Vietnam once produced a local copy of
the MAT 49, chambered for 7.62x25mm Tokarev pistol cartridge. MAT 49s
manufactured for police forces, had two triggers, allowing use of full-auto fire or
single shots, but most were manufactured as full-auto only.

FRA ALG COD LBN SYR

VNM BDI COG MAR TCD
BEN DJI MDG TGO
BFA DZA MLI TUN
BOL GAB MRT
CAF GIN NER
CIV ISR SEN
CMR LAO SYC
SALW ID - 70 -

Sten gun

Mk.
1

Mk. 2

Mk. 2S
 - 71 - SALW ID

Mk. 3

Mk. 4

Mk. 5

AUSTEN (AUS)
SALW ID - 72 -

Sten gun
 - 73 - SALW ID

Mk.II Mk.II S Mk.III Mk.IV

Cartridge 9x19mm Luger/Para
Action Blowback-operated, automatic weapon, fired from the open bolt
Length 895 mm 900 mm 762 mm 762 mm
Weight 3.26 kg 3.48 kg 3.18 kg 3.86 kg
Muzzle Velocity 370 m/s 300 m/s 370 m/s 435 m/s
Magazine Capacity 32 rounds
Rate of fire 550 450 550 600 rounds p/min
Remarks: Before 1941, the UK was keen to produce its own submachine gun.
Royal Small Arms Factory, Enfield, designed the STEN gun. Initially, it was
unreliable but extremely cheap and easy to produce. After further development,
the guns of 1942 and beyond were, in general, highly effective weapons. In
Germany, the STEN models “Potsdam” and “Neumünster” were manufactured
during WW II. In late 1944, the Mauser works in Germany secretly started
manufacturing copies of British Mk II Sten, apparently for purposes of diversion
and sabotage. These weapons were intended to duplicate the British original as
closely as possible, right down to the markings. Also, during WW II, some
resistance groups in German-occupied countries (DNK, FRA, NOR, POL)
produced significant numbers of Stens.

GBR ALB EGY ITA NAM PRT ZAF

ARG BGD FIN IRQ NGA SDN ZMB Nearly 4.5 million were
AUS BWA FRA JOR NLD SLE ZWE produced in many versions.
CAN COD GHA JPN NOR SSD
CUB GRC KEN NPL THA Handmade in DNK; FRA;
CHN GUY LYB NZL TUR NOR; POL.
CZE IDN LUX PAK TZA
CYP IND MLT POL UGA
DNK ISR MYS PHL VNM
SALW ID - 74 -

Sterling L2A3
 - 75 - SALW ID

CHL

FAMAE PAF 9mm. Chilean copy of the

Sterling submachine gun with external
differences such as retractable wire stock
and missing barrel shroud.

Suppressed version L34A1

ESP

CETME C2 submachine gun, 9x23mm Largo

SALW ID - 76 -

Sterling L2A3
 - 77 - SALW ID

Cartridge: 9x19mm Luger/Para

Action: Blowback-operated, select-fire, fires from open bolt
Length: (stock closed/open) 481 mm / 686 mm
Weight: 2.7 kg; with silencer 3.6 kg
Muzzle velocity: 390 m/s
Magazine capacity: 34 rounds
Rate of fire: 550 rounds per minute

Remarks: While Sterling submachine guns were purchased in more than 70

countries,, theyy were very
y p
popular
p among
g British troops
p because of their
relatively compact size, adequate firepower and accuracy and good reliability.
The British Army procured special "high power, submachine-gun only"
ammunition for Sterling submachine guns. This ammunition was absolutely safe
in Sterling submachine guns but can cause extensive wear to many 9mm
pistols designed for commercial 9x19mm ammunition.

GBR ARG CYP IRN MLT PNG TZA

CAN AUS DOM IEQ MMR PRK TTO
CHL BDI EGY JAM MWI PRT UGA
IND BGD ESP JOR MYS QAT VUT Nearly half a million
BHR FRA KEN NGA SDN ZAF were produced in
BLZ GAB KWT NPL SGP ZMB several versions.
BRB GHA LBN NZL SLE ZWE
BRN GMB LBY OMN SOM
BWA GUY LSO PAK SSD
CUB IND MAR PHL SWZ
SALW ID - 78 -

UZI
 - 79 - SALW ID

Mini Uzi

Micro Uzi

CHN, Norinco Uzi, sporter model

single action semi-automatic
SALW ID - 80 -

UZI
 - 81 - SALW ID

Cartridge: 9x19mm Luger/Para

Action: Blowback-operated, fired from open bolt
Length: 470 / 650 mm
Weight: 3.7 kg
Muzzle velocity: 390 m/s
Magazine capacity: 25 , 32 rounds
Rate of fire: 600 – 1200 rounds per minute
Remarks: The UZI and the Czechoslovakian series Sa 23 to Sa 26 were the first
p
weapons to use a telescoping
p g bolt design,g , in which the bolt wrapsp around the
breech end of the barrel. This allows the barrel to be moved far back into the
receiver and the magazine to be housed in the pistol grip, allowing for a heavier,
slower-firing bolt in a shorter, better-balanced weapon. The pistol grip is fitted with
a grip safety, making it difficult to fire accidentally. Further variants, also military
variants, were built, such as Mini Uzi, Micro Uzi and Uzi Pistol. Mini- and Micro-
Uzi submachine guns were produced either in open-bolt or closed-bolt versions.
The Uzi was also copied, respectively cloned, and spread around the world.

ISR AGO CAF DZA HRV LBR NLD SLE TUN

BEL ARG CHL ECU HTI LTU PAN SLV TWN
ZAF AUS CMR ERI IDN LUX PER SOM UGA
AZE COD EST IND LKA PHL SSD USA
BDI COG ETH ISR MLT POL SUR URY
BGD COL FRA IRL MMR PRT SWZ VEN
BMU CRI GAB IRN NAM PRY SYR ZAF
BOL CUB GRC ITA NER ROU TCD ZWE
BRA DEU GTM KEN NGA RWA TGO
BWA DOM HND KHM NIC SDN THA
SALW ID - 82 -

Beretta M12

Folding stock
 - 83 - SALW ID

Cartridge: 9x19mm Luger/Para

Action: Blowback operated, selectively-fired, fires from open bolt
Length: 418 / 660 mm
Weight: 3.2 kg
Muzzle velocity: 380 m/s
Magazine capacity: 25 , 32 , 40 rounds
Rate of fire: 550 rounds per minute

Remarks: The weapon has three safety mechanisms: a manual safety which
blocks the trigger; an automatic safety on the rear grip which immobilizes the
trigger and blocks the bolt in a closed position; and a safety on the cocking
handle locking the bolt in case it does not retract sufficiently. The short length of
the Beretta is achieved by a barrel that is recessed into the bolt head, known as
a telescoping bolt. This reduces length without reducing barrel length or bolt
weight.

ITA ALG
G FRA NGA
G
BRA BEL GAB PRT
IDN BFA GTM SAU
BHR GUY SDN
CHL IDN SSD
CRI IRN TUN
CUB LBY USA
EGY MLT VEN
SALW ID - 84 -

PPSh 41 (Pistolet-Pulemyot Shpagina)

 - 85 - SALW ID

Cartridge: 7.62x25mm TT
Action: Blowback-operated, fired from open bolt
Length: 843 mm
Weight: 3.63 kg
Muzzle velocity: 490 m/s
Magazine capacity: 71 rounds in drum magazine or 35 rounds in curved
box magazine
Rate of fire: 900 rounds per minute
Remarks: The PPSh 41 was one of major infantry weapons of the Soviet troops
duringg WW II. Retired from Soviet Army y service soon after, the PPSh was
widely exported to some pro-Soviet countries around the world, including China,
Vietnam and many African countries. It was an effective, but somewhat crude
weapon, reliable in combat but not without its flaws. It has an excessive rate of
fire, and its drums were uncomfortable to carry and prone to feed problems
once spring had weakened.
The weapon was in service with several armed forces, both regular and
irregular, and it can be found in many countries in Asia and Africa.

Former Soviet Union AFG Former Yugoslavia

g
CHN AGO HUN
PRK ALB IDN
AUT IRN
BGR IRQ
CUB LAO
CZE MNG
Nearly six million
EST POL were produced.
FIN ROU
GEO SLE
GIN SYR
HRV VNM
SALW ID - 86 -

Assault rifles
 - 87 - SALW ID

Steyr AUG 88
FN FAL 92
H&K G 3 96
AK 47 / AKM / AK 74 100
AR 15 / M16 118
SALW ID - 88 -

Steyr AUG

Steyr AUG HBAR, 5.56x45mm

 - 89 - SALW ID

Steyr AUG A3 SF 5.56x45mm.

5 56x45mm

Steyr AUG Para 9x19mm

SALW ID - 90 -

Steyr AUG
 - 91 - SALW ID

Cartridge: 5.56x45mm NATO ( .223 Remington) / SMG: 9x19mm Para

Action: Gas operated, rotating bolt
Length: Standard rifle: 790 mm; Carbine: 690 mm; Sub carbine:
630 mm; HBAR: 900 mm; Para: 665 mm
Weight: Standard rifle: 3.6 kg; Carbine: 3.3 kg; Sub carbine: 3.2 kg;
HBAR: 3.9 kg; Para: 3.3 kg
Muzzle velocity: Standard rifle: 940 m/s
Magazine capacity: 30 or 42 rounds box magazines
Rate of fire: 650 rounds per minute
Remarks:
R k TheTh rifle
ifl is
i fully
f ll ambidextrous.
bid t It can be
b configured
fi d for
f use by b left-
l ft
handed shooters by simply changing the bolt for a left-handed one with the
extractor and ejector on opposite sides and by moving a blanking cap from the
left ejection opening to the right. The housing of the Steyr AUG rifles, integral
with the pistol handle and trigger guard, is made of a high impact-resistant
polymer and is usually green or black.
The Australian Army's modified version of the Steyr AUG A1 is called F88
Austeyr.

AUT ALG CHN IND NZL THA

AUS ARG DJI IRL OMN TWN
It is also used by the
MYS BOL ECU ITA PAK TUN
Falklands Defense Forces.
BGR GMB KAZ PNG TUR
BGD GBR LUX PHL UKR
BEL HRV MLT POL UGY
BRA HKG MAR SAU USA
CMR IDN NLD SRB ZAF
SALW ID - 92 -

FN FAL (Variants)
 - 93 - SALW ID

ISR FAL "Romat"

SALW ID - 94 -

FN FAL (Variants)

“Gewehr G1”
produced for the German armed forces
 - 95 - SALW ID

Cartridge: 7.62x51mm ( 7.62mm NATO, .308 Winchester)

Action: Gas operated, tilting breechblock, select-fire or
semi-automatic only
Length: 1,100 mm (990 / 736 mm for "Para" model)
Weight: 4.45 kg empty (3.77 kg empty for "Para" models)
Muzzle velocity: 800 m/s
Magazine capacity: 20 rounds (30 rounds for heavy barreled SAW
(Squad Automatic Weapon) versions)
Rate of fire: 650-700 rounds per minute
Remarks: The FN FAL (Fusil Automatique Léger - Light Automatic Rifle) also
titled "The
The right arm of the Free World
World" is one of the most famous and
widespread military rifles. It can be found in both, the 7.62x51mm and, very
rarely, the 5.56x45mm NATO versions.
The furniture may be wood, metal or plastic. There are various barrel lengths.
In the UK (L1A1), Canadian, Indian and Netherland’s versions, there is no
automatic fire mode. The gas system is fitted with a gas regulator so it can be
easily adjusted to various environmental conditions or cut off completely so rifle
grenades can be safely launched from the barrel.

BEL USA ARE CMR EGY JAM MMR PAK SGP ZWE
ARG VEN AGO COD GMB JOR MOZ PAN SUR
AUS BDI COL GHA KEN MWI PHL SWZ
AUT BGD CRI GRC KHM NER PRY TCD
BRA BLZ CUB GUY KWT NGA PER TTO
CAN BOL CYP HTI LBN NLD RWA TUN
IND BRB DEU HND LBR NOR RQA UGA
ISR BWA DJI IDN LBY NPL SDN URY
MEX CHL DOM IRL LUX NZL SSD YEM
GBR CIV ECU IRQ MAR OMN SLE ZAF
SALW ID - 96 -

H&K G3 (Variants)

G3 A1

G3 A3

G3 A3

G3 A3ZF

G3 A4
 - 97 - SALW ID

CETME rifles (Spain)

the "father" of the G3 rifle

CETME modelo B

CETME modelo C

South African G3

The butt is very similar to the FN FAL.

SALW ID - 98 -

H&K G3 (Variants)
 - 99 - SALW ID

Cartridge: 7.62x51mm (7.62mm NATO, .308 Winchester)

Action: Roller-delayed blowback
Length: 1,023 mm
Weight: 4.5 kg
Muzzle velocity: 800 m/s
Magazine capacity: 20 rounds
Rate of fire: 600 rounds per minute

Remarks: The G3 was initially constructed by Heckler & Koch (H&K) in

p
cooperation with a Spanish
p agency
g y Centro de Estudios Técnicos de Materiales
Especiale (CETME). After further development of the A & B Model, the West
German Army (Bundeswehr) took this rifle into service. The furniture can be
wood or plastic. The plastic stock may be green, sand or black. There is also a
collapsing stock. The rifle is hammer-fired and has a trigger mechanism with a 3-
position fire selector switch that is also the manual safety toggle that secures the
weapon from accidentally discharging.

DEU AFG CHL GEO KEN NER SDN YEM

FRA ARG CIV GHA KWT NGA SLV ZAF
GRC AGO COD GUY LBN NLD SOM ZMB
NOR ARE COL HRV LBY PER SRB ZWE
PRT BFA CYP HTI LTU PNG SSD
SWE BDI DJI ISL LVA PRY SYR
TUR BGD DNK ITA MAR PHL TCD Nearly 10 million were
MEX BRA DOM IRL MKD QAT TGO produced.
IRN BRN EST IRQ MWI RWA TUR
MMR BHR ETH IDN MRT SAU TZA
PAK BOL GAB JOR MYS SEN UGA
SALW ID - 100 -

AK 47 / AKM (Kalashnikov & Variants)

AK 47
 - 101 - SALW ID

AKM
SALW ID
- 102 -

AK 74 (Kalashnikov & Variants)

modern
 - 103 - SALW ID

AKS 74

AK 74U

Vektor R4 (South Africa)

The version is very similar to

the Galil and the Valmet assault
rifles.
SALW ID - 104 -

Kalashnikov Variants
Type 56 (China)

Type 56-1 (China)

Type 56-2 (China)

SA VZ 58 (Czechoslovakia)

It looks like an AK, but it has another

breechblock system.
system

Cartridge: 7.62x39 mm
Action: gas operated, tilting breech block
Rate of fire: 800 rounds per minute
 - 105 - SALW ID

Valmet Rk.76 / Rk. 62 (Finland)

Cartridge: 7.62x39mm or
5.56x45mm NATO (export versions only)
Action: gas operated, rotating bolt
L
Length:
th 914 mm
Weight: 4.3 kg
Magazine capacity: 30 rounds

Galil AR (ISR)

bottle opener

(A)

(B)

Cartridge: 5.56x45 NATO (A) or 7.62x51mm NATO (B)

Action: gas operated, tilting breech block
Rate of fire: 800 rounds per minute
The Galil can be described as a modified Kalashnikov.
SALW ID - 106 -

Right View
AK 47/AKS 47

AKM

AK 74
 - 107 - SALW ID

Left View
AK 47/AKS 47

AKM

AK 74

With a rail for optical sight

SALW ID - 108 -

AK 47/AKS 47

AKM

AK 74
 - 109 - SALW ID

Bottom View

AK 47/AKS 47

AKM

AK 74
SALW ID - 110 -

Top View

AK 47/AKS 47

AKM

AK 74
 - 111 - SALW ID

View into the grip

AK 47/AKS 47

AKM

AK 74
SALW ID - 112 -

CHN Model 56 (AK 47)

Former Yugoslawia
Zastava M 70 (AKM)
 - 113 - SALW ID

HUN AMD 65

ROU PA md. 86
SALW ID - 114 -

AK 47 / AKM (Kalashnikov & Variants)

 - 115 - SALW ID

AK 74 (Kalashnikov & Variants)

SALW ID - 116 -

AK 47 / AKM AK 74
Cartridge: 7.62x39mm 5.45x39 mm
Action: Gas operated, rotating bolt with 2 lugs
Length: 870 mm 943 mm
Weight: 3,5 kg 3.3 kg
Muzzle velocity: 710 m/s 900 m/s
Magazine capacity: 30 rounds
Rate of fire: 600 rounds per minute

Remarks:

The AK 47 (designed 1946-1948) is best described as a hybrid of

previous rifle technology innovations: the trigger, double locking lugs
and unlocking raceway of the M1 Garand/M1 carbine, the safety
mechanism of the John Browning-designed Remington Model 8 rifle,
and the gas system and layout of the Sturmgewehr 44.

The AK 74 (designed 1974) is an adaptation of the 7.62mm AKM

assault rifle and features several important design improvements.
These modifications were primarily the result of converting the rifle to
the intermediate-caliber 5.45x39mm cartridge, in fact, some early
models are reported to have been converted AKMs, with the barrel
re-sleeved to 5.45x39mm. The result is a more accurate and reliable
rifle than the AKM. The AK-74 and AKM share an approximate 50%
parts commonality (pins, springs and screws are most often
interchangeable).

There are many variants. The weapons are used by the former
Warsaw Pact countries and they are still in service with numerous
armed forces, both regular and irregular. The model and its variants
remain the most popular and widely used rifles in the world because
of its relative ease of use, intuitive disassembly and reassembly
design, fewer moving parts and components enabling reliability
under harsh conditions and low production costs.
 - 117 - SALW ID

Nearly 100 million were produced.

RUS AFG COG GNQ MAR PHL TCD ZWE

Former Soviet Union ALB COL GRC MDA QAT TGO
Former Yugoslavia AGO COM GUY MDG RWA THA
Former GDR BEN CPV IDN MKD SAU TJK
ALB EGY ISR SDN BDI CUB KAZ MLI SLE TKM
ARM ETH ITA UKR BFA DJI KGZ MLT SRB TUR
AZE FIN KHM USA BIH DZA LAO MNG SSD TZA
BGD HUN NGA VEN BLR ERI LBN MOZ STP USA
BGR HRV PAL VNM BWA GAB LBR NAM SOM UZB
CHN IND POL ZAF CAF GEO LBY NIC SYC VEN
COL IRN PRK CHL GIN LKA PAK SUR YEM
CUB IRQ ROU COD GNB LSO PER SYR ZMB
SALW ID - 118 -

AR 15 (M 16/M 4) & Variants

M 16A2

M4

M 4 A1
 - 119 - SALW ID

M 16A1

M 16A2

M 4 A1

M 16A4

NORINCO CQ (CHN)
The CQ is a variant of the AR-15 rifle manufactured by the Chinese
arms company NORINCO.

The "Terab" rifle is a clone of the Norinco CQ manufactured by the MIC

(Military Industry Corporation) of Sudan.
The "Armada" rifle is a clone of the Norinco CQ manufactured by S.A.M. –
Shooter's Arms Manufacturing, a.k.a. Shooter's Arms Guns & Ammo
Corporation in the Philippines.
SALW ID - 120 -

AR 15 (M 16/M 4) & Variants

 - 121 - SALW ID

Cartridge: 5.56x45mm (.223 Remington)

Action: Gas operated, rotating bolt
Length: 986 mm
Weight: 2.89 kg
Muzzle velocity: 945 m/s
Magazine capacity: 20 or 30 rounds
Rate of fire: 650 - 750 rounds per minute
Remarks: The heart of the Colt AR-15 is the direct gas system. This system does
not use a conventional gas piston and rod to propel the bolt group back after the
shot
h t has
h beenb fi d Instead,
fired. I t d the
th hot
h t powder
d gases are fed f d from
f th barrel
the b l and
d
down to the stainless-steel tube into the receiver. Inside the receiver, the rear end
of the gas tube enters the "gas key", a small attachment on the top of the bolt
carrier. The hot gases, through the gas key, enter the hollow cavity inside the bolt
carrier and expand there, acting against the bolt carrier and the collar around the
bolt body. The pressure of the gases causes the bolt carrier to move back against
the initially stationary bolt. The M16 clone CQ/Terab has been observed in South
Sudan used by some rebel groups.

USA AFG BRB FJI IRQ LTU NZL SLV

CAN ARE BRN FRA ISR LVA OMN SOM
KOR ARG CIV GAB JAM MAR PAK SSD
PHL AUS CHL GHA JPN MCO PAN THA At least 8 million
SGP AZE COD GRC JOR MEX PER TUN were produced.
BGD CMR GRD KHM MUS PNG TUR
BHR CRI GTM KWT MYS POL TWN
BIH DNK HTI LBN NGA PRK UGA
BLZ DOM HND LBR NIC PRT URY
BOL ECU IDN LKA NLD QAT VNM
BRA EST IND LSO NPL SDN ZAF
SALW ID - 122 -

Machine guns
 - 123 - SALW ID

HK 21 / HK 23 124
MG 3 126
RPD 128
PK 130
RPK 132
DShk 134
M 60 136
Browning M2 138
SALW ID - 124 -

HK 21 / HK 23

HK 21 machine gun

HK 21E machine gun

HK 23E machine gun with belt box attached

 - 125 - SALW ID

HK 21E HK 23E
Cartridge: 7.62x51mm NATO 5.56x45mm NATO
Action: Selective fire roller-back blowback
Length: 1140 mm 1030 mm
Weight: 9.3 kg 8.7 kg
Muzzle velocity: 800 m/s 910 m/s
Feeding: box magazine 20 or 30 rounds, drum 80 rounds (HK 21),
100 rounds (HK 23) or belt 50 or 100 rounds
Rate of fire: 800 rounds per minute

Remarks: The HK 21 is a general-purpose machine gun based on the G3 battle

rifle. The HK 21 was fired from a closed bolt (not that big an issue since its heavy
barrel could be detached very quickly) and, unlike most machine guns, its belt
feed module was located below the receiver.

DEU ARE DNK MUS SSD

GRC ARG ECU MYS SWE Variants:
PRT BGD FIN NER THA HK11E automatic rifle (magazine fed, 7.62 mm)
MEX BOL HRV NGA TUR HK13E automatic rifle (magazine fed, 5.56 mm)
BRA IRN PER UGA HK21E general purpose machine gun (belt feed,
BRN JOR QAT USA 7.62 mm)
CMR KEN SEN ZAF HK23E light machine gun (belt-fed, 5.56 mm).
COL LKA SDN The "E" stands for "Export" model.
CYP MAR SLV
SALW ID - 126 -

MG 42 / MG 3 & Variants
 - 127 - SALW ID

MG42 MG3
Cartridge: 7,92x57mm 7,62x51mm NATO
Action: Recoil-operated, roller locked
Length: 1,230 mm 1,225 mm
Weight: 10.6 kg 11.5 kg
Muzzle velocity: 800 m/s 820 m/s
Feeding: belt
Rate of fire: 1200-1500 1200 rounds p/minute
Remarks: The MG42 and, after further development, the MG3 are a short short-recoil
recoil
operated, air cooled, belt-fed weapon which fires from an open bolt. The barrel
can be removed quickly and can be replaced in less than six seconds by a
properly trained team. The action of the weapon is operated by the recoil of the
locked barrel, assisted by a muzzle booster which uses pressure from the
muzzle blast to increase the recoil impulse. This is a simple and solid system.

Variants:
MG 1: Rheinmetall variant of the MG 42, most notably
rechambered to fire 7.62×51mm NATO.
DEU ALB EST POL MG 1A1 (MG 42/58): As MG 1, but with sights properly
AUT ARG FIN PRT calibrated for the new round. Sights
g refitted to existing
g MG 1s.
ESP AUS IDN SAU MG 1A2 (MG 42/59): MG 1A1 variant; product improved with
GRC AZE IRQ STP longer ejection port, heavy bolt and friction ring buffer.
IRN BGD ISL SWE MG 1A3: MG 1A2 variant; product improvement of all major
ITA BRA LBY TGO components.
MEX CAN LTU THA MG 1A4: MG 1 variant; for fixed mount armor use.
MG 1A5: MG 1A3 variant; MG1A3s converted to MG1A4
PAK CPV LVA TUN standard.
SDN CHL MAR YEM MG 2: Designation for all wartime MG 42s rechambered to
TUR CYP MMR 7.62×51mm NATO.
CZE NOR MG 3: MG 1A3 variant; product improved with AA rear sight.
DNK PHL MG 3E: MG 3 variant; reduced weight model (roughly 1.3 kg
lighter), entered late 1970s NATO small arms trials.
MG 3A1: MG 3 variant; for fixed mount armor use.
SALW ID - 128 -

RPD (Ruchnoy Pulemyot Degtyareva)

 - 129 - SALW ID

Cartridge: 7.62x39mm
Action: Gas operated, full auto only
Length: 1,037 mm
Weight: 7.4 kg empty
Muzzle velocity: 735 m/s
Feeding: belt 100 rounds in drum-like box
Rate of fire: 650 rounds per minute

Remarks: The RPD (Ruchnoy Pulemyot Degtyaryova - Degtyaryov Light MG)

was one of the first weapons designed to fire a new, new intermediate cartridge
7.62x39mm. During its service life, the weapon was modernized several times.
The weapon was in service with several armed forces, both regular and irregular,
and it can be found in many countries in Asia and Africa.

Former Soviet Union AFG CIV HUN MNG SOM UZB

CHN ALB COM IND NER SDN VNM
EGY ARM COD ISR NGA SSD YEM
POL AGO DJI IRQ NIC SYR ZWE
PRK AZE DZA KHM PAK TCD
BEN ERI LAO PER TJK
BGD ETH LBY ROU TKM
BLR GEO MAR RUS TZA
BOL GHA MDA RWA TGO
CAF GIN MLI SYC UGA
CPV GNQ MLT SLE UKR
SALW ID - 130 -

PK (Pulemyot Kalashnikova)
 - 131 - SALW ID

Cartridge: 7.62x54mm R
Action: Gas operated, air cooled, belt fed weapon
with a quick-detachable barrel
Length: 1,173 mm
Weight: 9 kg
Muzzle velocity: 825 m/s
Feeding: belt, 100, 200 or 250 rounds
Rate of fire: 650 rounds per minute

Remarks: The PK was made under license by many companies in several

countries and was exported to many countries. Due to the widespread use in
many conflicts, this light machine gun can be found all over the world. The
weapon was in service with several armed forces, both regular and irregular.

Former Soviet Union AFG CIV GEO KEN MOZ SWE YEM
Former GDR AGO COD GIN KGZ NER SYR ZAF
Former Yugoslavia ALB COL GMB KHM NGA TCD ZMB
Former Czechoslovakia ALG CPV GND LAO NIC TJK
BGR ARM CUB GUY LBN PAN TKM
CHN AZE CZE HRV LIB RWA TUR
FIN BDI EGY HUN LTU SAU UGA
POL BGD ERI IND LVA SDN UKR
PRK BGR EST IRN MDA SLE UZB
ROU BIH ETH IRQ MKD SSD VNM
RUS BLR FIN ISR MLI STP WYR
SRB CAF FJI KAZ MNG SOM XKX
SALW ID - 132 -

RPK (Ruchnoy Pulemyot Kalashnikova)

Yugoslavian Zastava M72

 - 133 - SALW ID

Cartridge: 7.62x39mm
Action: Gas operated, magazine fed, air cooled, selective fire
Length: 1,040 mm
Weight: 4.8 kg empty
Muzzle velocity: 745 m/s
Feeding: curved magazine with 30, 40 rounds or drum
magazine with 75 rounds
Rate of fire: 600 rounds per minute
Remarks: The RPK functions identically to the AK-47. It also uses the same
7.62×39mm ammunition. It has a similar design g layout
y to the Kalashnikov series
of rifles, with modifications to increase the RPK's effective range and accuracy.
The RPK features a thicker and longer barrel than the AK-47. The RPK was
made under license in many countries and was exported to many countries. This
weapon was in service with several armed forces, both regular and irregular, and
it can be found in many countries, especially in Asia and Africa.

Former Soviet Union AFG COM IRQ MNG SYR

Former GDR ALB COG KAZ MOZ TCD
Former Yugoslavia ARM DJI KGZ MYS TJK
Former Czechoslovakia AZE EGY KHM NAM TKM
BGR BDI ETH LTU NIC TZA
HND BIH FJI LBY NGA UGA
ROU BLR GEO LVA POL UKR
RUS CAF GNB MAR SDN UZB
PRK CHN GNQ MDA SOM VNM
CPV HUN MLT SSD YEM
CUB IRN MLI SYC ZMB
SALW ID - 134 -

DShk (Degtyaryova-Shpagina Krupnokaliberny )

 - 135 - SALW ID

Cartridge: 12.7x108mm
Action: Gas operated, belt fed, air cooled, selective fire
Length: 1625 mm
Weight: 34 kg MG body
Muzzle velocity: 860 m/s
Feeding: belt
Rate of fire: 600 rounds per minute

Remarks: The DShk is a heavy machine gun and still in service. It is well known
as anti-aircraft weapon,
weapon mounted on a pick-up vehicle.vehicle This weapon was
exported to many countries and was with several armed forces, both regular and
irregular. Due to the widespread use in many conflicts, this heavy machine gun
can be found in many countries, especially in Asia and Africa.

Former Soviet Union AFG CIV EST IRN MDG PRK SYR YAM
Former Czechoslovakia ALB COD ETH IRQ MKD RUS TZA ZMB
CHN AGO COG FIN ISR MLI RWA TGO ZWE
PAK ARM COM GEO KAZ MLT SAU TJK
ROU AZE CPV GHA KEN MNG SDN TKM
BDI CUB GIN KGZ MOZ SLE TUR
BFA CYP GNB KHM NER SOM UGA
BGD CZE GNQ LAO NGA SRB UKR
BGR DZA HUN LBR NIC SSD UZB
BLR EGY IDN LBY PER SVK VNM
CAF ERI IND MDA POL SYC XKX
SALW ID - 136 -

M 60
M60E3 light machine gun

M60 machine gun on integral bipod

M60E4 / Mk.43 mod.1 machine gun

 - 137 - SALW ID

Cartridge: 7.62x51mm NATO ( .308 Winchester)

Action: Gas operated, belt fed
Length: 1,105 mm
Weight: 10.5 kg empty
Muzzle velocity: 850 m/s
Feeding: belt with 100 or 200 rounds
Rate of fire: 600 rounds per minute

Remarks:. The M60 is a family of American general-purpose machine guns firing

7.62x51mm NATO cartridges from a disintegrating belt of M13 links. Several
types of live ammunition have been approved for use in the M60, including ball,
tracer, and armor-piercing rounds. The M60 was referred to as "The Pig" during
the Vietnam War. The M60's gas operation is unique and drew on technical
advances of the period, particularly the White "gas expansion and cutoff"
principle also exploited by the M14 rifle. The M60's gas system was simpler than
other gas systems and easier to clean.

USA ALG CZE HND MEX SLV

KOR AUS DNK IDN MYS SSD
BIH DOM ITA NIC THA
BOL EGY JOR NLD TTO
BRA ESP KHM PAN TUN
CHL FJI LBN PER TWN
CHN GBR LBR PHL UGA
COD GHA LTU PNG VEN
COL GRC LUX SEN VNM
CRI HTI MAR SDN
SALW ID - 138 -

Browning M 2

Browning M2HB air-cooled

machine gun on M3 tripod

Browning M2HB-QCB air-cooled machine gun of current

manufacture with quick-change barrel, on M3 tripod

The new M2E2 modification with quick-change barrel.

 - 139 - SALW ID

Cartridge: 12.7x99mm (.50BMG)

Action: Fires from a closed bolt, operated on the short
recoil principle.
Length: 1650 mm
Weight: 38 kg MG only
Muzzle velocity: 880-930 m/s
Feeding: belt
Rate of fire: 450-600 rounds per minute
Remarks:. The Browning .50 caliber machine gun has been used extensively
as a vehicle weapon and for aircraft armament. The M2 fires from a closed bolt,
operated on the short recoil principle.

Nearly 5 million
were produced.

USA ARG BOL DEU GAB IRL LUX NLD QAT TCD ZWE
ARE BRA DJI GBR IRN MDG NOR ROU TWN
AUS CAN DNK GMB ISR MYS NZL RWA THA
AUT CHE DOM GHA ITA MRT OMN RUS TGO
BDI CHL ECU GRC JAM MEX PAK SAU TON
BEL CIV EGY GTM JOR MAR PAN SEN TUN
BEN CMR ETH HND JPN MMR PER SRB TUR
BFA COD ESP HRV KWT NAM PHL SGP URY
BGR COL EST HUN LBN NER POL SOM VEN
BHS CYP FRA IDN LBR NGA PRT SLV VNM
BIH CZE FIN IND LTU NIC PRY SWE YEM
SALW ID - 140 -

Hand-held and
under-barrel
grenade
launchers
 - 141 - SALW ID

M 79 142
M 203 144
SALW ID - 142 -

M 79 grenade launcher
 - 143 - SALW ID

Cartridge: 40x46mm
Action: Break-action
Length: 731 mm
Weight: 2.7 kg unloaded
Muzzle velocity: 76 m/s
Effective range : 350 m

Remarks: The M79 is a single-shot, shoulder-fired grenade launcher. Many

yp were p
different ammunition types produced for the M79 ((and subsequently
q y for the
M203). Besides smoke and illumination rounds, there are three main types of
ammunition: explosive, close-range and non-lethal crowed control.

USA AUS FJI JAM NIC THA

BRA GRC JOR OMN TUR
CHN GTM KEN PHL TWN
COL HTI KHM PRT VCT
CRI HND KOR PRY VNM
DOM IDN LAO SAU YEM
ERI IRN LBN SOM
ESP IRL MYS SLV
ETH ISR MMR TCD
SALW ID - 144 -

M 203 grenade launcher

 - 145 - SALW ID

Cartridge: 40x46mm
Action: Single shot
Length: 380 mm
Weight: 1.36 kg unloaded
Muzzle velocity: 76m/s
Effective range : 350 m (area target) / 150 m (point target)

Remarks: The M203 grenade launcher was intended to be used as close fire
support for point and group area targets. The round is designed to be effective at
penetrating windows, blowing up doors, producing casualties in groups of
enemies, destroying bunkers, and damaging or disabling soft-skinned vehicles. Its
primary purpose is to engage enemies in dead space that cannot be reached by
direct fire. A well-trained M203 gunner can also use his weapon to suppress the
enemy, both from movement and sight. M203 were also produced in Egypt, South
Korea and Bulgaria (as UBGL-M1, with mount suitable for Kalashnikov AKM and
AK-74 type rifles).

USA AFG BRN GAB IRL MAR PNG THA

BGR ALB CAN GBR IRQ MEX QAT TLS
EGY ARE CHL GEO ISR MMR ROU TUR
KOR ARG CMR GHA ITA MYS SAU VNM
PHL AUS CZE GRC JOR NLD SEN
AUT DNK GTM KWT NZL SGP
BGD DOM HND LBN OMN SLE
BOL ECU IDN LBR PAN SLV
BRA FRA IND LKA PAK SWE
SALW ID - 146 -

Portable
anti-tank guns
 - 147 - SALW ID

RPG 2 148
RPG 7 150
Carl Gustav 154
SALW ID - 148 -

RPG 2
 - 149 - SALW ID

Caliber: 40mm barrel; 82mm warhead

Type: Recoilless launch / none rocket booster
Length: 650 mm
Weight: 2.83 kg empty; 4.67 kg loaded with grenade
Muzzle velocity: 85 m/s
Effective range: 100-150 m

Remarks: After studying German and US anti-tank rockets, the Soviet Union
developed the RPG-2 as the successor to the earlier and unsuccessful RPG-1. It
was made under license by y many
y companies
p in manyy countries ((e.g.
g the B-40
(Bazooka) in Vietnam), it was exported to many countries, and it can be found all
over the world, due to its use in many conflicts. The weapon was in service with
several armed forces, both regular and irregular, and it can be found in many
countries in Asia and Africa.

Former Soviet Union ALB DJI KHM POL TJK

CHN AGO EGY LAO ROU TKM
PRK ARM ETH LBN RUS TZA
VNM AZE GEO LBY SEN UKR
BEN GHA MDA SYC UZB
BLR GIN MDG SOM YEM
BWA HUN MLI SDN ZMB
COD IRN MAR SSD ZWE
COG IRQ MRT SYR
CUB KAZ MOZ TCD
CPV KGZ NGA THA
SALW ID - 150 -

RPG 7

Chinese Type 69 RPG

 - 151 - SALW ID

RPG 7

RPG-7D anti-tank grenade launcher (version for airborne troops),

disassembled for transportation / airdrop

PG-7VM grenade

PG-7VL HEAT grenade

PG-7VR tandem (dual-warhead) HEAT grenade

TBG-7V thermobaric (FAE) grenade

OG-7V fragmentation antipersonnel grenade (1999)

SALW ID - 152 -

RPG 7
 - 153 - SALW ID

Caliber: 40mm launcher; 40 and 70 - 105mm warheads

(depending on the grenade model)
Type: Recoilless launch + rocket booster
Length: 650 mm
Weight: 6.3 kg unloaded
Muzzle velocity: 120 m/s
Effective range : 200-500 m

Remarks: The RPG 7 was made under license by many companies in many
countries it was exported to many countries,
countries, countries and it can be found all over the
world because the gun is used in many conflicts. The weapon was in service with
several armed forces, both regular and irregular, and it can be found in many
countries in Asia and Africa.

Former Soviet Union AFG BOL GEO KHM MEX PNG SRB USA
BGR AGO BWA GHA KGZ MKD POL SSD UZB
CHN ALB CAF GNQ KOR MLI PRK SYC VEN
EGY ARM CPV GTM LAO MMR ROU SYR VNM
IRN AZE CUB GUY LAT MRT RUS SUR YEM
IRQ BEN CYP HRV LBN MOZ RWA TCD ZMB
PAK BDI CZE HUN LBY NER SAU TGO ZWE
ROU BFA DJI IDN LTU NGA SEN TJK
SVK BGD ERI ISR MAR NIC SDN TKM
BIH EST JOR MDA PAN SLV TUR
BLR FJI KAZ MDG PHL SOM UKR
SALW ID - 154 -

Carl Gustav recoilless rifle

 - 155 - SALW ID

Caliber: 84mm launcher

Type: Recoilless launch
Length: 1130 mm
Weight: 14 kg unloaded
Muzzle velocity: 230-255 m/s
Effective range : 350-400 m against moving - and 500 m against
stationary target.

Remarks: The Carl Gustav can be fired from the standing, kneeling, sitting or
prone positions, and a bipod may be attached in front of the shoulder piece. An
operating handle called a "Venturi lock" is used to move the hinged breech to one
side for reloading. The weapon is normally operated by a two-man crew, one
carrying and firing the weapon, the other carrying ammunition and reloading.

SWE ARE CZE IRL NOR USA

AUS DEU JPN NZL VEN
AUT DNK KEN POL ZMB
BEL EST KWT PRT
BFA GBR LBY SAU
BLZ GHA LVA SGP
BRA GRC LTU SLE
BWA HND MMR SWE
CAN HUN MYS SVN
CHL IND NGA THA
SALW ID - 156 -

Personal
defense
weapons
 - 157 - SALW ID

FN P90 159
Examples 161
SALW ID - 158 -

Personal defense weapons

A personal defense weapon (often abbreviated PDW) is a
compact semi-automatic or fully-automatic firearm similar in
most respects to a submachine gun but firing an (often
proprietary) armor-piercing round, giving a PDW better range,
accuracy and armor-penetrating capability than submachine
guns,, which fire p
g pistol-caliber cartridges.
g
The class of weapon as it exists today evolved as a hybrid
between a submachine gun and a carbine, retaining the
compact size and ammunition capacity of the former while
adding the ammunition power, accuracy and penetration of the
latter.
Typical PDWs use small-caliber, high-velocity pistol bullets
similar to miniaturized rifle rounds, which are capable of
penetrating soft body armor up to Level IIIA.
PDWs are otherwise similar to submachine guns in most
respects, and are often classified as such.
Both types of guns tend to have a very high rate of fire
combined with the lower recoil.

Modern personal defense weapons:

Colt MARS 5.56x30mm MARS

FN P90 5.7x28mm
Heckler & Koch MP7 4.6x30mm
INSAS MSMC 5.56x30 MINSAS
Knights Armament Company PDW 6x35mm KAC
Magpul PDR 5.56x45mm NATO
PP-2000 9x19mm 7N21 +P+, 9x19mm7N31 +P+
QCW-05 5,8x21mm
Saab Bofors Dynamics CBJ-MS 6.5x25 CBJ-MS
ST Kinetics CPW 4.6x30mm, 5.7x28mm, 9x19mm [2]
VBR-Belgium PDW 7.92x24mm
SALW ID - 159 -

FN P90
 - 160 - SALW ID

Cartridge: FN 5.7x28mm
Action: Straight blowback, closed bolt
Length: 500 mm
Weight: 2.54 kg
Muzzle velocity: 715 m/s
Magazine capacity: 50 rounds detachable box
Rate of fire: 900 rounds per minute
Remarks: The P90 was designed to have a length no greater than a man's
shoulder width, to allow it to be easily carried and maneuvered in tight spaces, such
as the
th inside
i id off an armored d vehicle.
hi l ToT achieve
hi thi the
this, th weapon's
' design
d i utilizes
tili
the unconventional bullpup configuration, in which the action and magazine are
located behind the trigger and alongside the shooter's face so that there is no
wasted space in the stock. The P90's dimensions are also minimized by its unique
horizontally mounted feeding system, wherein the box magazine sits parallel to the
barrel on top of the weapon's frame. The weapon overall has an extremely compact
profile.

BEL ARG DEU IRL MUS POL TUR

AUT DOM ITA MYS ROU TWA
BEL ESP JOR NGA RUS UKR
BRA FRA LBN NLD SAU USA
CAN GEO LBY PAK SGP VEN
CHL GTM LUX PER SLV VNM
COL GRC MEX PHL SUR
CYP IDN MLI PNG THA
CZE IND MRT PRT TTO
 - 161 - SALW ID

Examples:
Heckler & Koch MP7 - (4.6x30mm)

4.6x30 mm

Saab Bofors Dynamics CBJ MS PDW - (6.5×25 CBJ-MS)

6.5x25 mm
MANPADS - 162 -

MANPADS
Man-portable air-defense systems
 - 163 - MANPADS

MANPADS – General 164

Strela- (SA-7 / SA-14) 168
Igla (SA-16 / SA-18) 174
FIM-92 Stinger 178
MANPADS - 164 -

General

Location of
Designators
stencilled on
Launch Tube

Launch Tube
 - 165 - MANPADS

System Specifications/ Dimensions.

Shipping Shipping Launch Launch

System Config. Config. Tube Tube
Length Width Config. Config.
Length Width
SA-7a 165.5cm 38.2cm 147.0cm 7.3cm
SA-7b 165.5cm 38.2cm 147.0cm 7.3cm
SA-14 161.5cm 38.2cm 147.0cm 7.5cm
SA-16 182.5cm 38.0cm 170.0cm 7.2cm
SA-18 182.5cm 38.0cm 170.0cm 7.2cm
FIM-92 a 167.5cm 33.0cm 152.0cm 7.3cm
FIM-92 b 170.8cm 35.0cm 152.0cm 7.3cm

System Designations (* Transliterated).

System Launch Tube Missile Battery Container

SA-7a 9K32 9P54* 9M32* 9B17 9Ya68

SA-7b 9K32m 9P54M* 9M32M* 9B17 9Ya68

SA-14 9K34 9P59* 9M36-1* 9P51 9Ya677

SA-16 9K310 9P322/9P322-1* 9M313* 9B238 9Ya694

SA-18 9K38 9P39-1* 9M39* 9B238 9Ya694

FIM-92 a FIM-92 a
Not available
FIM-92 b FIM-92 b
MANPADS - 166 -

Missiles Russian - NATO

17D SA-2 96K6 SA-X-21 9M32M SA-N-5
18D SA-2 9K31 SA-9 9M33 SA-8
22D SA-2 9K310 SA-16 9M33 SA-N-4
2K11 SA-4 9K310 SA-N-10 9M330 SA-15
2K12 SA-6 9K32 SA-7 9M331 SA-15
2K22 SA-19 9K33 SA-8 9M333 SA-13
3K87 SA-N-11 9K330 SA-15 9M335 SA-X-21
3K90 SA-N-7 9K331 SA-15 9M337 SA-X-21
3K95 SA-N-9 9K332 SA-15 9M36 SA-14
3M80Yel SA-4 9K34 SA-14 9M36 SA-N-8
3M81 SA-N-6 9K34 SA-N-8 9M37 SA-13
3M87 SA-N-11 9K35 SA-13 9M38 SA-11
3M9 SA-6 9K36 SA-14 9M38 SA-N-7
3M95 SA-N-9 9K37 SA-11 9M39 SA-18
40N6 SA-20 9K38 SA-18 9M39 SA-N-14
48N6 SA-20 9K38 SA-N-14 9M8 SA-4
48N6 SA-20 9K40 SA-17 9M82 SA-12B
48N6 SA-N-20 9M0 SA-6 9M83 SA-12A
4K33 SA-N-4 9M20 SA-6 9M96 SA-20
4K91 SA-N-1 9M311 SA-19 9M96 SA-20
4KK90 SA-N-1 9M311 SA-N-9 Al Barq SS-SA-3
5V11 SA-5 9M311 SA-N-11 Angara SA-5
5V21
21 S
SA-5 9 313
9M313 S 16
SA-16 Antey-2500
2 00 S 12
SA-12A
5V24 SA-3 9M313 SA-N-10 Antey-2500 SA-12B
5V27 SA-3 9M316 SA-4 Barq SS SA-3
5V28 SA-5 9M316 SA-9 Berkut SA-1
5V29 SA-2 9M317 SA-11 Buk SA-11
5V55 SA-10 9M317 SA-17 Buk-M2 SA-17
5V55R SA-N-6 9M317 SA-N-12 Dal SA-5
5Ya23 SA-2 9M32 SA-7 Desna SA-2
 - 167 - MANPADS

Dvina SA-2 S-25 SA-1 V-601 SA-N-1

Fahad SS SA-2 S-300F SA-N-6 V-611 SA-N-3
Favorit SA-20 S-300FM SA-N-20 V-750 SA-2
Fort SA-N-6 S-300MU-2 SA-20 V-753 SA-N-2
Fort-M SA-N-20 S-300P SA-10 V-755 SA-2
Igla SA-N-14 S-300PMU-1 SA-20 V-758 SA-2
Igla SA-18 S-300PMU-2 SA-20 V-759 SA-2
Igla-1 SA-16 S-300V SA-12A V-760 SA-2
Igla-1 SA-N-10 S-300V2 SA-12B V-760 SA-N-2
Kashtan SA-N-11 S-400 SA-20 V-860 SA-5
Kinzhal SA-N-9 S-50 SA-5 V-880 SA-5
Klinok SA-N-9 SA-75 SA-2 Vega SA-5
Kortik SA-N-11 Shtil SA-N-7 Virazh SA^l
Krug SA-4 Shtorm SA-N-3 Volga-2 SA-2
Kub SA-6
SA 6 Strela-1
Strela 1 SA-9
SA 9 Volga-M
Volga M SA-2
SA 2
Kvadrat SA-6 Strela-10 SA-13 Volkhov SA-2
La-400 SA-5 Strela-2 SA-7 Volkhov-M SA-N-2
M-l SA-N-1 Strela-2M SA-N-5 Volna SA-N-1
M-ll SA-N-3 Strela-3 SA-N-8 Yezh SA-N-9
M-2 SA-N-2 Tor SA-15
M-22 SA-N-7 Tor-M SA-15
Neva SA-3 Treugolnik SA-19
Osa SA-8 Triumf SA-X-21
Osa-M SA-N-4 Tsakra SS-N-15
Pantzyr-Sl SA-X-21 Tunguska SA-19
Pechora SA-3 Uragan SA-N-7
Rif SA-N-6 Ural SA-17
Rif-M SA-N-20 V-600 SA-3
Romb SA-8 V-600 SA-N-1
S-200 SA-5 V-60 SA-3
MANPADS - 168 -

Strela (SA-7 / SA-14)

SA-7a
AKA: 9K32, Strela-2, and “Grail’’
 - 169 - MANPADS

SA-7b
AKA: Strela-2M, RIIN 9K32M, USD SA-7b, NATOD SA-7
“Grail’’Mod 1, HN-5 Hong Nu-5, Anza MKI

SA-14
AKA: 9K34, Strela-3, and, “Gremlin’’

Versions

9K32M StStrela-2M
l 2M — "SA-7b
"SA 7b G
Grail"
il"
Strela 2M2J Sava — Yugoslavian version
CA-94 & CA-94M — Romanian versions
HN-5, Hongying 5 — Chinese version
Anza — Pakistani version
Ayn al Saqr — Egyptian version, known as Sakr Eye
Hwasung-Chong — North Korean version
MANPADS - 170 -

Strela (SA-7 / SA-14)

System
Syste Launch
au c Tube
ube Missile
ss e Battery
atte y Container
Co ta e

SA-7a 9K32 9P54 * 9M17 9b17 9yA68

SA-7b 9K32m 9P54M * 9M32M * 9B17 9Ya68

- 171 - MANPADS
MANPADS - 172 -

Strela (SA-7 / SA-14)

 - 173 - MANPADS

Maximum distance range: 3700m (Strela-2), 4200m (Strela-2M)

Maximum altitude range: 50–1500m (Strela-2), 50–2300m (Strela-2M)
Length of the launching set: 1.44 m
Diameter: 72 mm
Speed: 430 m/s, 500 m/s (Strela-2M)
Weight: 9.8 kg (Strela-2M missile),15 kg (system,
ready to fire)
Warhead weight: 1.15 kg directed-energy blast fragmentation
warhead (Strela-2M), 370 g HE content.
Detonation mechanism: Non-delay impact and grazing fuzes,
14–17 second delay self-destruct
self-destruct.
Guidance system: Proportional navigation logic

Remarks: The missile launcher system consists of the green missile launch tube
containing the missile, a grip stock and a cylindrical thermal battery. The launch
tube is reloadable at depot, but missile rounds are delivered to fire units in their
launch tubes. The device can be reloaded up to five times. The Strela and its
variants have been widely used in nearly every regional conflict since 1968.

Former Soviet Union Former GDR IND MOZ SRB

Former Yugoslavia AFG CZE IRN MRT SVK
Former Czechoslovakia ALB DZA IRQ MYS SYR
BGR AGO ETH KHM NIC TZA
CHN ARM FIN KWT PER UKR
EGY BEN GEO LAO POL VNM
PAK BFA GHA LBN SLE YEM
PRT BWA GNB LBY SLV ZMB
ROU CHN HRV MAR SDM ZWE
CUB HUN MKD SSD
CYP IDN MNG SOM
MANPADS - 174 -

Igla (SA-16 / SA-18)

SA-16

SA-18
 - 175 - MANPADS

SA-18 (Igla) missile, launch tube

SA-16 (Igla-1) missile and and grip stick.
launch tube.
MANPADS - 176 -

Igla (SA-16 / SA-18)

 - 177 - MANPADS

Maximum distance range: 5,200 m

Maximum altitude range: 3,500 m
Length of the launching set: 1.57 m
Diameter: 72 mm
Speed: 800 m/s
Weight: 10.8 kg
Warhead weight: 1.17 kg with 390 g explosive
Detonation mechanism: Delayed impact, magnetic and grazing fuzes
Guidance system: Two color infrared
Remarks: The main differences from the Strela-3 Strela 3 included an optional
Identification Friend or Foe system to prevent firing on friendly aircraft, an
automatic lead and super elevation to simplify shooting and reduce minimum firing
range, a slightly larger rocket, reduced drag and better guidance system extend
maximum range and improve performance against fast and maneuverable targets,
an improved lethality on target achieved by a combination of delayed impact
fusing, terminal maneuver to hit the fuselage rather than jet nozzle, an additional
charge to set off the remaining rocket fuel (if any) on impact, an improved
resistance to infrared countermeasure, and slightly improved seeker sensitivity.

Former Soviet Union Former GDR KOR SGP ZWE

BGR AGO ERI LKA SRB
ARE FIN MAR SVK
ARM GEO MEX SOM
BRA HUN MMR SVN Several guerrilla and terrorist
BIH HRV MKD SYR organizations are also known
BLR IDN MYS THA to have Iglas.
BWA IND PER TUR
CUB IRN PRK UKR
ECU IRQ POL VEN
EGY KAZ RUS VNM
MANPADS - 178 -

FIM-92 Stinger
- 179 - MANPADS
MANPADS - 180 -

FIM-92 Stinger
 - 181 - MANPADS

Maximum distance range: 4,800 m

Maximum altitude range: 3,800 m
Length of the launching set: 1.52 m
Diameter: 70 mm
Speed: Mach 2.2+
Weight: 10.1 kg, complete system: 15.2 kg
Warhead weight: 3 kg, with 450 g explosive,
blast-fragmentation
Guidance system: Infrared homing

Remarks: The Stinger made its combat debut during the Falklands War and was
subsequently used by the Afghan Mujahideen, the Hamas and the UNITA. The
Central Intelligence Agency supplied nearly 500 Stingers (some sources claim
1,500–2,000) to the Mujahideen in Afghanistan. After the 1989 Soviet withdrawal
from Afghanistan, the United States attempted to buy back the Stinger missiles,
initiating a 55 million dollar program to buy back around 300 missiles. The U.S.
government collected most of the Stingers it had delivered, but some of them
found their way into Iran, Qatar and North Korea.

USA AFG GBR KOR SVN

CHE BGD GEO LTU SWE
DEU BIH GRC LVA TCD
TUR CHL IND MAR TWN
COL IRN NLD
HRV IRQ NOR
EGY ISR PAK
ESP ITA PRK
FIN JPN PRT
SALW Ammunition - 182 -

SALW Ammunition
Examples for the weapons listed in the guide

The word Parabellum is a noun coined by the German arms

producer "Deutsche Waffen und Munitionsfabriken“ and is derived
from the Latin saying "si vis pacem, para bellum,“ meaning
"If you wish for peace, prepare for war.“ The term has been
used in the naming of several cartridges.

9mm Para (9 x 19 mm)

Bullet diameter 9.00 mm

Neck diameter 9.65 mm
Base diameter 9.93 mm
Rim diameter 9.96 mm
Rim thickness 0.90 mm
Case length 19.15 mm
Overall length 29.69 mm

Weapon page Weapon page

Glock 17 28 Sterling 76
FN HP 32 UZI 80
MAT 49 70 Steyr AUG 90
Sten 72

9 mm Makarov (9,2 x 18 mm)

Bullet diameter 9.27 mm

Neck diameter 9.91 mm
Base diameter 9.95 mm
Rim diameter 9.95 mm
Rim thickness 1.00 mm
Case length 18.10 mm
Overall length 25.00 mm
Weapon page
Makarov PM 40
 - 183 - SALW Ammunition

7.62 x 51 mm /.308 Winchester

Bullet diameter 7.82 mm

Neck diameter 8.77 mm
Shoulder diameter 11.53 mm
Base diameter 11.94 mm
Rim diameter 12.01 mm
Rim thickness 1.27 mm
Case length 51.18 mm
Overall length 69.85 mm

Weapon page
FN FAL 94
G3 98
HK 21 126
M 60 138

5.56 x 45 mm / .223 Remington

Bullet diameter 5.70 mm

Neck diameter 6.43 mm
Shoulder diameter 9.00 mm
Base diameter 9.58 mm
Rim diameter 9.60 mm
Rim thickness 1.14 mm
Case length 44.70 mm
g
Overall length 57.40 mm
Weapon page
Styr AUG 90
AR 15 (M 16/M 4) 120
HK 23 126
SALW Ammunition - 184 -

.455 British Service

Bullet diameter 11.5 mm

Neck diameter 12.1 mm
Base diameter 12.2 mm
Rim diameter 13.6 mm
Case length 19.6 mm
Overall length 31.2 mm

Weapon page
Webley Mk. IV 34

.40 S&W
Bullet diameter 10.2 mm
Neck diameter 10.7 mm
Base diameter 10.8 mm
Rim diameter 10.8 mm
Rim thickness 1.4 mm
Case length 21.6 mm
Overall length 28.8 mm

Weapon page
FN HP 32
Colt M 1911 42

.45 ACP
Bullet diameter 11.5 mm
Neck diameter 12 0 mm
12.0
Base diameter 12.1 mm
Rim diameter 12.2 mm
Case length 22.8 mm
Overall length 32.0 mm

Weapon page
Colt M 1911 42
 - 185 - SALW Ammunition

5.45 x 39 mm
Bullet diameter 5.60 mm
Neck diameter 6.29 mm
Shoulder diameter 9.25 mm
Base diameter 10.00 mm
Rim diameter 10.00 mm
Rim thickness 1.50 mm
Case length 39.82 mm
Overall length 57.00 mm

W
Weapon page
AK 74 100

7.62 x 25 mm Tokarev
Bullet diameter 7.8 mm
Neck diameter 8.4 mm
Shoulder diameter 9.4 mm
Base diameter 9.7 mm
Rim diameter 9.9 mm
Rim thickness 1.3 mm
C
Case l
length
th 25 mm
Overall length 34 mm
Weapon page
TT-30 / TT-33 36
MAT 49 70
PPSH 86

7.62 x 39 mm

Bullet diameter 7 92 mm
7.92
Neck diameter 8.60 mm
Shoulder diameter 10.07 mm
Base diameter 11.35 mm
Rim diameter 11.35 mm
Rim thickness 1.50 mm
Case length 38.70 mm
Overall length 56.00 mm
Weapon page
SKS 58
AK/AKM-47 102
RPD 130
RPK 134
SALW Ammunition - 186 -

7,92 x 57 mm (8x57 IS)

Bullet diameter 8.08 mm

Neck diameter 9.08 mm
Shoulder diameter 10.95 mm
Base diameter 11.94 mm
Rim diameter 11.95 mm
Rim thickness 1.3 mm
Case length 57.0 mm
Overall length 82 0 mm
82.0
Weapon page
K98 46

7.62 x 54R

Bullet diameter 7.92 mm

Neck diameter 8.53 mm
Shoulder diameter 11.61 mm
Base diameter 12.37 mm
Rim diameter 14.40 mm
Rim thickness 1.6 mm
Case length 53.72 mm
Overall length 77.16 mm
Weapon page
Mosin-Nagant 56
Dragunov SVD 62
PK 132
 - 187 - SALW Ammunition

7.5x54 mm

Bullet diameter 7.8 mm

Neck diameter 8.6 mm
Shoulder diameter 11.2 mm
Base diameter 12.2 mm
Rim diameter 12.2 mm
Rim thickness 1 4 mm
1.4
Case length 54 mm
Overall length 78 mm
Weapon page
MAS 49 / MAS 49/56 50

7.7 x 56R .303 British

Bullet diameter 7.9 mm

Neck diameter 8.6 mm
Shoulder diameter 10.2 mm
Base diameter 11.7 mm
Rim diameter 13.7 mm
Rim thickness 1.6 mm
Case length 56.4 mm
Overall length 78.1 mm
Weapon page
SMLE 54
SALW Ammunition Markings - 188 -

Ammunition proofing

The NATO military alliance uses a NATO-specific recognized

class of procedures to control the safety and quality of firearms
ammunition called NATO EPVAT testing. The civilian
organizations C.I.P. (Commission Internationale Permanente
pour l'Epreuve des Armes à Feu Portatives) and SAAMI
(Sporting Arms and Ammunition Manufacturers' Institute) use
less comprehensive test procedures than NATO. NATO test
centers have the advantage of having to test only a limited range
of ammunition manufactured and chambered for NATO military
use specifications. The C.I.P. and SAAMI proof houses must be
capable of testing hundreds of differently chambered ammunition
requiring lots of different testing equipment. For all other small
arms ammunition for use in "non-NATO chambered" weapons,
NATO has chosen to conform to procedures defined by current
C.I.P. legislation.

NATO EPVAT testing

is one of the three recognized classes of procedures used in the

world to control the safety and quality of firearms ammunition.
EPVAT Testing is described in unclassified documents by NATO,
more precisely by the AC/225 Army Armaments Group (NAAG).
EPVAT is an abbreviation for "Electronic Pressure Velocity and
Action Time". This is a comprehensive procedure for testing
ammunition using state-of-the-art instruments and computers.

While C.I.P. quality control procedures mainly address the user's

safety, NATO ammunition testing procedures also
comprehensively examine functionality, that is, the ability of the
ammunition to incapacitate the enemy. For every ammunition
order approved by NATO, both NATO and the relevant
ammunition manufacturers therefore undergo a comprehensive
testing protocol factoring in both safety of soldiers and
functionality of the ammunition.

To facilitate this testing, a highly accurate and reliable protocol

has been defined by NATO experts using a system of reference
cartridges.
 - 189 - SALW Ammunition Markings

Commission internationale permanente pour l'épreuve

des armes à feu portatives
Permanent International Commission for Firearms Testing
commonly abbreviated as C.I.P. or CIP

The C.I.P. is an international organization consisting of

14 member states, mainly European. It mainly tests small arms
ammunition (”Feu portatives" means "portable arms",
but the p
phrase is ordinarilyy omitted from the English
g translation of
the name.)
C.I.P. safeguards aim to ensure every civil firearm and all
ammunition sold in C.I.P. member states is safe for users.
To achieve this, the firearms are all professionally proofed at
C.I.P. accredited proofhouses before they can be sold to
consumers. The same applies for cartridges which are tested at
regular intervals at C.I.P. accredited proofhouses.
The C.I.P. also enforces the approval of all ammunition a
manufacturer or importer intends to sell in any C.I.P. member
state. Ammunition manufacturing plants are obliged to test their
products during production against C.I.P. pressure specifications.
A compliance report must be issued for each production lot and
archived for later verification if needed. The cartridge boxes must
also be stamped with a C.I.P. approved number to allow
quality/safety traceability according to ISO 9000 principles in case
of a quality problem.

Sporting Arms and Ammunition Manufacturers' Institute

SAAMI

The SAAMI is
Th i an association
i ti off American
A i fi
firearms and
d
ammunition manufacturers. SAAMI publishes various industry
standards related to the field, including fire code, ammunition and
chamber specifications as well as acceptable chamber pressure.
In the United States, firearms and ammunition specifications are
not overseen by the Consumer Product Safety Commission or
any other branch of government. Only manufacturers that are
members of SAAMI are bound by the Institute's guidelines.
The difference in the location of the pressure measurement
gives different results than the C.I.P. standard.
SALW Ammunition Markings - 190 -

Austria

State Arms Plant, Woellersdorfer Werke

Hirtenberger ammunition factory

Belgium

FN - Fabrique Nationale, Herstal

(National Factory of Military Weapons)

AE - Joint Stock Company "Pieper"

(Anciens Etablissements Pieper), Herstal

CB - Belgian Ammunition Dactory

(Cartoucherie Belge), Liege

Bulgaria
g

Cartridge factory Kazanlak

Britain

Eley Brothers, Ltd., London

National Laboratory (Royal Arsenal), Woolwich

The Birmingham Small Arms Company Limited (BSA)

Kynoch & Co.

 - 191 - SALW Ammunition Markings

Canada

Dominion Arsenal, Lindsay

Dominion Arsenal, Quebec

Dominion Ammunition Division

Canadian Industries, Ltd.

Arsenal Dominion (produced for NATO)

China

Arsenal “Chin-Ling”

Arsenal, Shanxi Province

No data

Denmark

State arsenal, Copenhagen

Finland
Branding on cartridge, first Finnish
ammunition enterprises, private
factories Suomen Ampumatarvetehdas
(SAT), formed in 1918.

State ammunition factory in Lapua, known as Valtion

Patruunatehdas (VPT)
SALW Ammunition Markings - 192 -

State ammunition factory in Lapua

SAKO, Riihimyaki

France

The company Gévelot and Gaupillat,

and its successor S. F. M.

Versailles plant

The plant in Tarbes

The plant in Rennes

Cartridge Factory, Valence (produced for NATO)

Hungary

Chepelsky arsenal,
arsenal Budapest

Hungarian State Arms Plant (Fegyver és Gépgyár

Részvénytársaság), Budapest

Hungarian factory ammunition

(Magyar Loszermuvek RT), Veszprem
 - 193 - SALW Ammunition Markings

Germany

Genschow & Co. (GECO),

Durlach

RWS, Nuremberg

DWM Karlsruhe.
DWM, Karlsruhe RWS Nuremberg

Dynamit Nobel AG

Mansfeld AG, Rothenburg an der Saale

Patronen-, Zuendhuetchen- und Metallwarenfabrik AG,

Schoenebeck an der Elbe

Maerkisches Walzwerk GmbH

Dynamo

No data

Israel

Israel Military, Industry

State arsenal, Tel-Aviv

SALW Ammunition Markings - 194 -

Italy

L. Beaux & Co., Milan

Giulio Fiocchi (Pirotecnico di Bologna)

SMI — Società Metallurgica Italiana

Giulio Fiocchi, Lecco

BPD — Bombrini Parodi-Delfino

Pyrotechnic plant, Capua

Iran

IRANIAN AMMUNITION FACTORY, Tehran

India

DUM DUM ARSENAL, Calcutta

Norway

Ammunition Factory, Raufoss

 - 195 - SALW Ammunition Markings

Poland

PWU Fabryka Amunicji

«Pocisk», (Pocisk, Spólka Akcyjna), Warsaw

Russia

Russian ammunition factory

Tula ammunition factory

Moscow droboliteyno-cartridge plant

Russian-Belgian ammunition factory

Sellier & Bellot, Riga

Lugansk ammunition factory

St. Petersburg ammunition factory

SALW Ammunition Markings - 196 -

USSR and CIS

Ulyanovsk Machine-Building Plant (3)

Yuryuzansky Mechanical Plant (38)

Lugansk Machine-Tool Plant (270)

Tula ammunition factory (539)

Spain

The National Factory, Valencia

State arsenal, Toledo

Slovakia and Czech Republic

Blanstroj (formerly Sellier & Bellot), Prague

The factory of arms and ammunition, Považská Bystrica

.

«Zbrojovka Brno», Brno

Switzerland

Cartridge factory, Solothurn

 - 197 - SALW Ammunition Markings

Turkey

No data

Factory of Chemical Industry

USA

Lowell Ordnance Plant, Lowell (Massachusetts)

Factory of Chemical Industry

The company UMC and its

successor firm Remington,
g p ((Connecticut))
Bridgeport

Winchester
New Haven (Connecticut)

R. Speer, Lewiston (Idaho)

No data

Former Yugoslavia

Military and Technical Engineers, Kragujevac

SALW Field documentation - 198 -

Field documentation: General Guidance

• The best way to report on a weapon is to take a full
picture of both sides of the whole weapon followed by
close-ups of all the markings. If possible, move the
weapon to a well lit area or use additional lighting.
• Report all markings and symbols on the weapon.
o Pay special attention to anything that looks like
a serial number, date, or trademark.
o Report not just the marking itself
itself, but its
location on the weapon (left side, right side, on
the magazine well, etc.)
• If serial number was removed, photograph the
remaining marks and describe how (sanded off, drilled
through or chiseled off, etc.). Dusting the area with
chalk and using a torch may help document the mark.
• If the markings are in non-Latin alphabet, you may
need to transliterate, but don't guess. If you
transliterate, report the original alphabet.
p what armed group
• Report g p or securityy forces the
weapon belonged to before capture, if known.
• Also report the situation, time, date and location of the
capture. Always better to report more detail than less.

Transliteration Guide
 - 199 - SALW Field documentation

Transliteration Guide

Arabic/Persian writing is read right to left

SALW Field documentation - 200 -

Field documentation of weapons

1. Overall picture
Right side

2. Frame with markings

Right side

3. Overall picture
Left side

4. Frame with markings

Left side
 - 201 - SALW Field documentation

Field documentation of weapons

5. Fore-end

6. Muzzle

7. Grip and trigger

guard

8 R
8. Rear stock
k
SALW Field documentation - 202 -

Field documentation of ammunition

1. Overall picture

2. Packaging

3. Headstamps
 - 203 - SALW Field documentation

Field documentation of ammunition

SALW ammunition can be identified by:

Size

Material

Form

Rimmed
Rimless
 - 204 - About the Authors

About the Authors

Major Laurentius Wedeniwski is Assistant Section

Chief, Arms Transfer Control Section. Since 2008, he
has been responsible for the analysis, evaluation
and implementation of arms control treaties and
initiatives. His portfolio includes Weapons and
Ammunition Management as well as SSR and DD&R
projects.

Captain Heinrich Przybilla has been an arms

control officer for 20 years and is currently assigned
to the Global Arms and Proliferation Control Division
(Arms Transfer Section) at the BwVC. He has
enhanced and broadened his expertise, especially in
conventional arms management and the DDR
process, in several peacekeeping missions.

Matthias Krötz is a BICC Advisor on Arms Control.

Since 2018, he has been seconded to the African
Union in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, advising the African
Union Defence and Security Division on SALW
control. Additionally, Matthias Krötz is advising the
Ethiopian Ministry of Peace on SALW control
activities.

Nikhil Acharya is BICC’s Senior Regional Advisor

on Arms Control. Since 2012, he has been
embedded as an advisor to national/ regional
organizations on weapons/ ammunition management
and DDR in East Africa, the Horn and the Sahel,
based in Khartoum, Sudan. He is currently seconded
to the RECSA Secretariat in Nairobi, Kenya,
supporting cross-border arms control initiatives
mainly in Somalia, Kenya, Ethiopia, South Sudan,
and Sudan since 2016.
 - 205 -

Notes
 - 206 -

Notes
 - 207 -

Notes
 Bundeswehr
Verification
Center
bicc \ Zentrum für Verifikationsaufgaben
Internationales der Bundeswehr
Konversionszentrum Bonn - Bundeswehr Verification Center
Bonn International Center for Quimperlestr. 100
Conversion GmbH 52511 Geilenkirchen
Pfarrer-Byns-Straße 1, Germany
53121 Bonn, Germany [email protected]
+49 (0)228 911 96-0
[email protected] Global Arms and
www.bicc.de Proliferation Control Division
www.facebook.com/bicc.de
Weapons Transfer and
Director for Research Humanitarian Arms Control
Professor Dr Conrad Schetter Section

Director for Administration

Michael Dedek

PHOTOGRAPHS
German Bundeswehr Verification Center Global Arms- and Proliferation
Control Division. All rights reserved.

LAYOUT (Cover page, stencil)

Lubica Rosenberger Grafik & Design

Produced with financial support from

the German Federal Foreign Office
 With financial support from the
German Federal Foreign Office

Bundeswehr
Verification
Center

15
Ammunition Documentation Tool

14
Calibre

13
5,45mm / 5,56mm

12
7,62mm / .303

11
10
9mm

9
10mm / .40

8
7
12.7mm / .50

.45 6
5
4

14.5mm
3
2

Do not approach ammunition or

cm 1

weapons unless instructed by qualified

personnel or aware of correct protocols

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 cm