Machine Learning with

Python Programming
• Presentation By Uplatz
• Contact us: https://training.uplatz.com
• Email: [email protected]
• Phone: +44 7836 212635
Learning outcomes:

• What is a Machine Learning?

• Need for Machine Learning
• Why & When to Make Machines
Learn?
• Challenges in Machines Learning
• Application of Machine Learning
What is a Machine Learning?
Machine learning is an application of
artificial intelligence (AI) that provides systems the
ability to automatically learn and improve from
experience without being explicitly
programmed. Machine learning focuses on the
development of computer programs that can
access data and use it learn for themselves.
What is Machine Learning?
Machine learning (ML) is a method of data analysis
that automates analytical model building. It is a
branch of artificial intelligence based on the idea
that systems can learn from data, identify patterns
and make decisions with minimal human
intervention.
It covers the statistical part of AI. It shows the PC to
take care of issues by looking at hundreds or
thousands of models, gaining from them, and
afterwards utilising that experience to take care of
a similar issue in new circumstances.
What is Machine Learning?
The term Machine Learning was coined by Arthur
Samuel in 1959, an American pioneer in the field of
computer gaming and artificial intelligence and
stated that “it gives computers the ability to learn
without being explicitly programmed”.
And in 1997, Tom Mitchell gave a “well-posed”
mathematical and relational definition that “A
computer program is said to learn from experience
E with respect to some task T and some
performance measure P, if its performance on T, as
measured by P, improves with experience E”.
What is Machine Learning?
The above definition is basically focusing on three
parameters, also the main components of any
learning algorithm, namely Task(T), Performance(P)
and experience (E). In this context, we can simplify
this definition as −
ML is a field of AI consisting of learning algorithms
that −
Improve their performance (P)
At executing some task (T)
Over time with experience (E)
What is Machine Learning?
Let us discuss them more in detail now −
Task(T):
From the perspective of problem, we may define
the task T as the real-world problem to be solved.
The problem can be anything like finding best
house price in a specific location or to find best
marketing strategy etc. A task T is said to be a ML
based task when it is based on the process and the
system must follow for operating on data points.
The examples of ML based tasks are Classification,
Regression, Structured annotation, Clustering,
Transcription etc.
What is Machine Learning?
Experience (E):
As name suggests, it is the knowledge gained from data
points provided to the algorithm or model. Once
provided with the dataset, the model will run
iteratively and will learn some inherent pattern. The
learning thus acquired is called experience(E).
Performance (P):
An ML algorithm is supposed to perform task and gain
experience with the passage of time. The measure
which tells whether ML algorithm is performing as per
expectation or not is its performance (P). P is basically
a quantitative metric that tells how a model is
performing the task, T, using its experience, E.
What is Machine Learning?
In simple words, ML is a type of artificial
intelligence that extract patterns out of raw data by
using an algorithm or method. The main focus of
ML is to allow computer systems learn from
experience without being explicitly programmed or
human intervention.
Need for Machine Learning
Human beings, at this moment, are the most
intelligent and advanced species on earth because
they can think, evaluate and solve complex
problems. On the other side, AI is still in its initial
stage and haven’t surpassed human intelligence in
many aspects. Then the question is that what is the
need to make machine learn? The most suitable
reason for doing this is, “to make decisions, based
on data, with efficiency and scale”.
Need for Machine Learning
Lately, organizations are investing heavily in newer
technologies like Artificial Intelligence, Machine
Learning and Deep Learning to get the key information
from data to perform several real-world tasks and solve
problems. We can call it data-driven decisions taken by
machines, particularly to automate the process. These
data-driven decisions can be used, instead of using
programing logic, in the problems that cannot be
programmed inherently. The fact is that we can’t do
without human intelligence, but other aspect is that
we all need to solve real-world problems with
efficiency at a huge scale. That is why the need for
machine learning arises.
Why & When to Make Machines Learn?

We have already discussed the need for machine

learning, but another question arises that in what
scenarios we must make the machine learn? There
can be several circumstances where we need
machines to take data-driven decisions with
efficiency and at a huge scale. The followings are
some of such circumstances where making
machines learn would be more effective.
Why & When to Make Machines Learn?
Lack of human expertise:
The very first scenario in which we want a machine
to learn and take data-driven decisions, can be the
domain where there is a lack of human expertise.
The examples can be navigations in unknown
territories or spatial planets.
Dynamic scenarios:
There are some scenarios which are dynamic in
nature i.e. they keep changing over time. In case of
these scenarios and behaviours, we want a
machine to learn and take data-driven decisions.
Some of the examples can be network connectivity
and availability of infrastructure in an organization.
Why & When to Make Machines Learn?

Difficulty in translating expertise into

computational tasks:
There can be various domains in which humans
have their expertise,; however, they are unable to
translate this expertise into computational tasks. In
such circumstances we want machine learning. The
examples can be the domains of speech
recognition, cognitive tasks etc.
Challenges in Machines Learning
While Machine Learning is rapidly evolving, making
significant strides with cybersecurity and
autonomous cars, this segment of AI as whole still
has a long way to go. The reason behind is that ML
has not been able to overcome number of
challenges. The challenges that ML is facing
currently are −
Quality of data − Having good-quality data for ML
algorithms is one of the biggest challenges. Use of
low-quality data leads to the problems related to
data preprocessing and feature extraction.
Challenges in Machines Learning
Time-Consuming task − Another challenge faced
by ML models is the consumption of time
especially for data acquisition, feature extraction
and retrieval.
Lack of specialist persons − As ML technology is
still in its infancy stage, availability of expert
resources is a tough job.
No clear objective for formulating business
problems − Having no clear objective and well-
defined goal for business problems is another key
challenge for ML because this technology is not
that mature yet.
Challenges in Machines Learning
Issue of over fitting & under fitting − If the model
is over fitting or under fitting, it cannot be
represented well for the problem.
Curse of dimensionality − Another challenge ML
model faces is too many features of data points.
This can be a real hindrance.
Difficulty in deployment − Complexity of the ML
model makes it quite difficult to be deployed in real
life.
Applications of Machines Learning
Machine Learning is the most rapidly growing
technology and according to researchers we are in
the golden year of AI and ML. It is used to solve
many real-world complex problems which cannot
be solved with traditional approach. Following are
some real-world applications of ML −
Emotion analysis
Sentiment analysis
Error detection and prevention
Weather forecasting and prediction
Stock market analysis and forecasting
Speech synthesis
Applications of Machines Learning
Speech recognition
Customer segmentation
Object recognition
Fraud detection
Fraud prevention
Recommendation of products to customer in
online shopping
Traffic Alerts
Social Media (Automatic Friend Tagging
Suggestions)
Applications of Machines Learning
Transportation and Commuting (Uber)
Self Driving Cars
Dynamic Pricing
Google Translate
Online Video Streaming (Netflix)
Thank you