ICT JSS1

WEEK TWO
TOPIC: INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER MONITOR
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
- Describe what a monitor is
- Describe the different types of computer monitor and its component
- Justify briefly the role computer monitor plays in making a computer work
effectively
- Identify and differentiate between computer monitor and television
A computer monitor is an output device that displays information in pictorial or
text form, it usually comprises a visual display that includes a screen, circuitry and
the case in which that circuitry is enclosed and power supply.
The computer monitor is an output device that displays a processed data or
information on its screen. The result displayed on the screen, could appear in form
of text, graphics, pictures, video. This result is called SOFTCOPY. Monitor are
usually rectangular in shape, having similarities in shape and size with the
television.
TYPES OF MONITOR
1. Monochrome Monitors: these are monitors that display output or result in
one colour. They do not show picture in their real colours, but only black
and white just like the black and white television. They were used before the
coloured monitors were manufactured.
2. Colour monitors: these monitors display texts and graphics in may colours.
They show pictures and videos in their real or original colours televisions.
You can adjust the brightness or sharpness of colour displayed using buttons
on the monitor.
3. CRT monitors: CRT(cathode ray tube) monitors look more like old-
fashioned television. They are deep in size, occupy more space and heavy to
carry and consume more energy.
4. LCD monitors: LCD (liquid crystal display) monitors are much slimmer,
lighter and easier to carry, use less enrgy, and provide a greater graphics
quality. They are more in demand than CRT monitor due to higher quality,
smaller footprint on the desk and cheaper price.
Command Prompt
Command prompt is a window program that emulate may of the command line
abilities available in MS-DOS but it is not actually MS-DOS. It is used to execute
entered commands.
The Cursor
The cursor on the screen can indicate two things, where the mouse pointer is or
where the next character typed will be entered in a line of text. The mouse cursor is
most often an arrow that you can use to point to different objects on your screen.
WEEK THREE
TOPIC: THE SYSTEM UNIT
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
- Identify the CPU ass system unit
- Identify the internal parts of an open system unit
- Identify the external parts of system unit
- Describe how the system unit works
The system unit is the case that contains all the electronic component of any
computer system. These component (e.g. CPU, motherboard, disk drives, power
supply ROM and RAM) are arranged inside the system unit The major component
of the system unit is the central processing unit.
INTERNAL FEATURES OF THE SYSTEM UNIT
- Mother board
- Central processing unit
- Power supply
- Cooling fan
- Internal disk drives
- The memory modules
- Expansion card that are plugged into the motherboard
- Such as the video and network cards
EXTERNAL FEATURES OF THE SYSTEM UNIT
- THE POWER BUTTON: this is where the computer system is switch on and
off. When depressing the power button the process id known as cold
booting.
- REST BUTTON: The button is depressed in order to restart the system
- THE KEY LOCK: This is used to put the computer on or off
- THE DRIVES: This is a component in which a tape or disk is loaded and
run.
- THE PORTS: The socket through which we can plug something to our
computer. It is the point where peripherals can be used.
CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT
This is the brain of the computer. Like the human brain carries out instructions
given by the body, the CPU carries out the instruction of a computer program. It
performs basic arithmetical, logical, and input/output operation of a computer
system. Every instruction, has to go through the CPU.
CPU is divided into three units namely;
a. Arithmetic and logical unit (ALU): This is the part of the computer where
the mathematical calculation and logical operations take place. The major
operations performed here are addition, subtraction, multiplication and
division. It can also perform simple logical test for equality, greater than and
less than of operand. Data is transferred from the memory to the ALU for
processing.
b. The main memory: this is the internal storage of the computer. It can also be
called primary memory. It can be divided into two:
i. RAM: Random Access Memory is a temporary storage area of a
computer used to store program temporarily when in use.
ii. ROM: Read Only Memory holds information that is more permanent
in nature especially those that bother on configuration of computer
manufacturer
c. Control unit
WEEK FOUR

TOPIC: COMPUTER ETHICS

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: By the end of the lesson, student should be able to:

- Describe ethics in human relation

- State how they take care of the electronics at home
- Describe how to take care of a computer
- Apply the rules and regulation of the computer laboratory
- Describe the way of making good use of the computer
- Describe the effects of computer misuse/abuse

Definition of Computer Room

Computer room is a room specially created for keeping computers and other
peripheral devices. It is also called computer laboratory. In designing this room,
the components of a computer room must be put into consideration.

Components of a Computer Room

1. Computer system
2. Furniture (computer tables and chairs)
3. Electric surge protector
4. Stabilizer
5. Air conditioner or ceiling fan
6. Printer
7. Scanner
8. Dust cover
9. Printing paper
10.Photocopy machine
11.Fire extinguisher
12.Multimedia speaker
13.Curtain
14.Uninterruptible power supply
15.Web camera
16.Projector
17.Interactive white board
Definition of Computer Room Management Ethics

This refers to the basic rules and regulations governing the behavior of individuals
while using computers in the laboratory. As a result of the delicate nature of the
computer, it is very important to take good care of the computer to make it work
properly. Always keep your computer in a dust-free room. Clean it regularly using
a soft, dry cloth. Never touch the monitor or any part of the computer with dirty
hands.

How to Take Care of Your Computer

1. Always make sure that the computer is kept in a well-ventilated area

2. Place the computer on a desk, not in a closed cabinet
3. There should be appropriate lighting in the computer room to keep the room
well lit up.
4. The arrangement of the computer system should be done in a way that the
user would not need to strain their neck, back or eyes.
5. Cables should not be left to litter the ground so as to avoid accident
6. Wipe desk or table tops, component casings and other exposed surface with
a soft cloth or any recommended cleaning product intended for computer use
7. Do not eat or drink anything near your computer
8. Shutdown the machine properly before switching off the power outlet
9. Unplug the system when it is not in use for long.
10.The use of anti-glare is recommended when using computer, in order to
protect the eyes.

EVALUATION

1. Define the following: (i) Computer room (ii) Computer room management
ethics.
2. Mention five (5) ways to take of your computer.
3. Mention ten (10) components of a computer room.
4. State FIVE (5) reasons why it is necessary to take good care of your
computer.
5. Name the parts of the computer that tend to get dusty easily. How can you
take care of them?

Rules and Regulations of the Computer Laboratory

The following are the rules and regulations of the computer laboratory:
 1. Computer room should be kept tidy always by regular cleaning
2. Do not remove or load any software into the computer
3. The security should be very tight to prevent stealing of the equipment.
4. Eating: eating in whatever form should be discouraged.
5. No user should attempt to repair any faulty system but the attention of a
qualified engineer should be called in the event of any faulty equipment.
6. All electrical appliances should be switched off at the end of each day’s
activity.
7. Noise: noise of all form should be discouraged such as stereo set, sound set
etc.
8. Always shut the door when coming in or going out.
9. On no account should anyone remove cable from the socket.
10.Always shut down the system properly and arrange the chairs before leaving
computer room.
11.Always cover the computer system after use.
12.Do not access any restricted files on the computer system.
13.Lousy conversations and cell phones are not allowed in the computer
laboratory.
14.All users should record the use of computers in the computer logbook.
15.Users are prohibited to enter the computer laboratory except authorized by
the instructor.
16.Scan flash drives before using them.
17.Report all problems related to the computer system to the instructor
18.Do not change the settings in the computer
19.Do not move any equipment from its original position
20.Smoking is not allowed in the computer laboratory
21.Internet facility is strictly for educational purposes only

EVALUATION

Mention five (5) rules that must be observed in the computer laboratory
WEEK FIVE AND SIX
TOPIC: WORD PROCESSING
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
- Describe what word processing is use for
- Analyze the uses of word processors
- Identify the different ways of locating word processor on the system
- Create, save and retrieve files
- Apply feature of word processing as cut, copy and paste
- Identify word tool
Word processing means using a computer to enter, edit, format and print text.
Word processor are commonly used computer applications. It simplifies the task of
writing and revising letters or documents and it is suitable for repetitive works.
Some features of the word processing software include
- Creating, editing, saving and printing documents
- Copying, pasting, moving and deleting text within a document
- Formatting text, such as font type, bolding, underlining or italicizing
- Creating and editing table
- Inserting elements from other software, such as illustrations or photographs
- Correcting spelling and grammar
Examples of word processor
 Microsoft word
 Word star
 Word pad
 Word craft etc.
Getting started with MS word
- Boot the computer
- Use the mouse to click on start button at the task bar
- The list of the program is displayed
 - Place your pointer on MS-word and left click
- MS-word is now loaded automatically you can commerce your typing

How to save word document

- Click on file at the menu bar
- Select and click save as
- Enter the file name
- Click on the save button and the document would be save

Opening old word document

- After loading Ms-word into the computer memory (i.e. click on start button,
click on program also click on Ms-word) click on file at the menu bar
- Click on open sub menu
 - Select the desired file from among the list displayed or type the name at the
file name bar
- Click on the open button at the top or bottom right corner of the screen and it
will be opened
Cut and Paste
In Microsoft Word, you can copy information from one area of a document and
place the information you copied anywhere in the same or another document. In
other words, after you type information into a document, if you want to place the
same information somewhere else, you do not have to retype the information. You
simple copy it and then paste it in the new location. As with cut data, Word stores
copied data on the Clipboard.

1. Type the following:

You will want to copy me. One of me is all you need.
2. Select "You will want to copy me."
3. Choose the Home tab.
4. Click the Copy button   in the Clipboard group. Word copies the data you
selected to the Clipboard.
Paste with the Ribbon

1. Place the cursor after the period in the sentence: "One of me is all you need."
2. Press the spacebar to leave a space.
3. Choose the Home tab.
4. Click the Paste   button in the Clipboard group. Word places the data you
copied at the insertion point. Your text should now read: "You will want to
copy me. One of me is all you need. You will want to copy me."
Alternate Method—Copy with a Context Menu

1. Type the following:

You will want to copy me. One of me is all you need.
2. Select "You will want to copy me."
3. Right-click. A Mini toolbar and a context menu appear.
 4. Click Copy. Word places the data you copied at the insertion point. Your
text should now read: "You will want to copy me. One of me is all you need.
You will want to copy me."
Alternate Method—Paste with a Context Menu

1. Place the cursor after the period in the sentence: "One of me is all you need."
2. Press the spacebar to leave a space.
3. Right-click. A context menu appears.
4. Click Paste. Word pastes the information on the Clipboard into the
document.
Alternate Method—Copy with Keys
1. Type the following:
You will want to copy me. One of me is all you need.
2. Select "You will want to copy me. "
3. Press Ctrl+c. Word copies the information you selected to the Clipboard.
Alternate Method—Paste with Keys
1. Place the cursor after the period in the sentence "One of me is all you need."
2. Press the spacebar to leave a space.
3. Press Ctrl+v.
4. Your text should now read:
"You will want to copy me. One of me is all you need. You will want to
copy me."
Printing on Ms-word Document
- While the document is still displayed on the screen, click on file at the menu
bar
- Click print
- Enter the necessary parameters e.g. click on “current page” if you want only
the displayed screen to be printed click on “All” if you want the entire
document to be printed
- Click the OK button and it will be printed
WEEK EIGHT
TOPIC: DATA PROCESSING

Definition of Data Processing

Data processing is the process of producing meaningful information by collecting

all items of data together and performing operations on them to extract
information.

Data processing can also be described as a series of actions or operations that

convert or manipulate data into useful information.

Data processing involves the systematic recording, calculation, selection and

combination of data to obtain facts and disseminate facts in relation to events in
our everyday life. The processing of data can either be done manually or with the
use of electronic machines. Data processing can involve calculating, sorting,
editing etc. 

Data Processing Cycle

Data processing cycle includes the following:

1. Data Gathering

At this stage, data is gathered through various ways such as asking questions
observations, reading books, listening and watching electronic media (radio and
television). For example, giving a prospective customer a form to fill before
opening a bank account is a form of data gathering.

2. Data Collection

This involves writing out, sorting, summarizing or classifying data into groups,
structures or files. Data is sorted in a way that will make data processing easy

Data collection is a term used to describe a process of preparing and collecting

data. For example: as part of a process improvement or similar projection. The
purpose of data collection is to obtain information to keep on record, to make
decisions about important issues, to pass information on to other. Primarily, data is
collected to provide information regarding a specific topic.

3. Input Stage
All information is entered into the computer through an input terminal (eg. mouse,
keyboard, web camera etc). Input devices are devices that accept data in its original
format, examples includes keyboard and mouse. Data is entered through input
devices. This is the process through which collected data is transformed into a
form that computer can understand. It is a very important step in the data
processing cycle because correct output result totally depends on the input data.

Three steps are involved when inputting data into the computer:

(i) Collection: This refers to gathering the data from a variety of sources and
assembling it.

(ii) Verification: This means checking the data to determine whether it is accurate
and complete, and if it should be included for processing.

(iii) Coding: This is translating the data into machine-readable form. Data punched
into IBM cards is one example of coding.

4. Processing Stage

During processing or manipulation, one or more of the following tasks may be

performed on the input data.

(i) Classifying: Data are organized by characteristics meaningful to the user. For
example, a student may be identified by the admission number and class.

(ii) Sorting: In this step, the data may be arranged in a particular sequence to
facilitate processing.

(iii) Calculating: Calculations may be required to determine a patient’s account

balance or a student’s grade point average.

(iv) Summarizing: This involves reducing a large document into a smaller size
containing important points.

At this particular stage, data is converted (processed) into information.

5. Storage Stage

All computers need to store and retrieve data for processing. Storage can be
grouped into two categories primary storage and secondary storage.
(i) Primary Storage: The primary storage, also called main memory or Immediate
Access Store (IMAS), resides in the computer. This is necessary since the
processing unit can only act on data and instructions that are held in primary
storage. Primary storage consists of two types of memory chips. These are Random
Access Memory (RAM) and Read Only Memory (ROM) chips.

(ii) Secondary Storage: This is needed to store data and information on a

permanent basis for later use. Examples of secondary storage devices are floppy
disk, hard disk, zip drives, flash drives etc.

6. Output Stage

After completing the processing step, output is generated. The result of the data
processed is printed out from the printer.  Mostly, the output is stored on the
storage media for later use. If the output result is accurate, the data processing
cycle is completed.

Output activities include the following;

(i) Retrieving: involves pulling information from storage device for use by the
decision-maker.

(ii) Converting: means translating information from the computer form used to
store it, to a form understandable by the user (such as, a CRT display or printed
report).

(iii) Storing: involves transferring the data onto a storage medium, such as a disk
or tape file for future use.

(iv) Communication: takes place when the relevant accurate information is in the
right place at the right time.
WEEK 9

TOPIC: FEATURES OF A COMPUTER

The computer is a very unique electronic device and has certain features and
characteristics that distinguish it from other machines. These include:

1. Speed: Computers are very fast; they can perform tens of millions of operations
per second. This is necessary for predicting weather forecasts, performing
scientific research and even producing thousands of bills for utility companies.

2. Accuracy: Computers are very accurate. Errors only occur if there is an error in
hardware, software or data. When errors occur it is usually because of some human
error, since computers can only do what they are programmed to do.

3. Storing large amounts of information in a small space: There are many

storage media that can be used to store large volumes of data and information. For
example, a single CD-ROM disk can save the equivalent of a shelf of books in the
library.

4. Working continuously: Computers can work continuously for long periods

without much maintenance.

5. Quality: The type of output produced by the computer is far better than other
electronic machines. Document is best prepared by the use of the computers.

6. Control and consistency: The computer has automatic control and can operate
for a very long time without getting exhausted. This is because a computer works
under the guide of a program, and has an in-built cooling fan, or heat sink that
makes it work all day long.

7. Reliability: The computer responds to the instruction keyed into it without any
alteration, as a result of this, it gives no room for doubt over output. Therefore, the
operator relies on it for effectiveness.
Example include a program computer device to ring alarm to alert workers of any
emergency, a programmed entry and exit door used in big companies and
supermarkets, offices, etc.

8. Versatility: The computer is used in different fields of human endeavour

ranging from business, education, technology, engineering, law, commerce,
agriculture, medicine, sports, etc. It can perform different types of tasks provided
such tasks can be stated in logical way for the computer to execute.  The computer
is used to type letters, watch films, play music, etc.

9. Large Storage Capacity: Vast quantities of data stored in paper files would
become extremely bulky and require substantial storage space. Furthermore, the
job of manually extracting data from such files would
become increasingly tedious and time consuming as the size of the files increases.
But with the computer, data can be stored electronically in considerable less space,
and retrieve in a fraction of the time needed
by the manual method. The ability of the computer to store, retrieve and process
data, all without human intervention gives it power and advantage over that of
human beings. So, while human can perform the same function as the computer,
the difference and major benefits is that the computer can reliably execute millions
of instructions in a second and stored the result in an almost unlimited memory.

10. Programmability: The computer can be programmed to do all forms of

activities of man so long as the task is reduced to a series of logical steps.
Programming in computer means the act of writing computer programs and this
involves the use of special set of
characters, signs, symbols, to supply instruction to the computer for execution
towards achieving specific tasks (motives). This opportunity gave room for the
computer to be a versatile system.
WEEK 10

TOPIC: THE KEYBOARD AND ITS SECTION

Keyboard is one of the most important useful input device used in getting data into
the computer. It is attached or connected to the computer, it resembles the
conventional typewriter keys, it contains a total number of 101-104 keys.

Types of computer keyboard

There are types of computer keyboard, namely;

a. Standard keyboard: this is the old fashioned keyboard. The function

key are 10 in number grouped on the left side of the keyboard and in
general is made up 101-102keys
b. Enhanced keyboard: This is the newly improved modern keyboard.
The function keys are 12 in number and the total keyboard key are
102-104 in number.

The keyboard is divided into sections namely

1. The typewriters key

2. The alphabetic key
3. The numeric key
4. The arrow key
5. The function key
6. The special key
  Typing (alphanumeric) keys. These keys include the same letter, number,
punctuation, and symbol keys found on a traditional typewriter.
 Control keys. These keys are used alone or in combination with other keys
to perform certain actions. The most frequently used control keys are Ctrl,
Alt, the Windows logo key  and Esc.
 Function keys. The function keys are used to perform specific tasks. They
are labeled as F1, F2, F3, and so on, up to F12. The functionality of these
keys differs from program to program.
 Navigation keys. These keys are used for moving around in documents or
webpages and editing text. They include the arrow keys, Home, End, Page
Up, Page Down, Delete, and Insert.
 Numeric keypad. The numeric keypad is handy for entering numbers
quickly. The keys are grouped together in a block like a conventional
calculator or adding machine.

Key name How to use it

Shift Press Shift in combination with a letter to type an uppercase letter.
Press Shift in combination with another key to type the symbol
shown on the upper part of that key.
Caps Lock Press Caps Lock once to type all letters as uppercase. Press Caps
Lock again to turn this function off. Your keyboard might have a
light indicating whether Caps Lock is on.
Tab Press Tab to move the cursor several spaces forward. You can
also press Tab to move to the next text box on a form.
Enter Press Enter to move the cursor to the beginning of the next line. In
a dialog box, press Enter to select the highlighted button.
Spacebar Press the Spacebar to move the cursor one space forward.
Backspace Press Backspace to delete the character before the cursor, or the
selected text.

Useful shortcuts

The following table lists some of the most useful keyboard shortcuts.

Press this To do this

Windows logo key  Open the Start menu
Alt + Tab Switch between open programs or windows
Alt + F4 Close the active item, or exit the active program
Ctrl + S Save the current file or document (works in most
programs)
Ctrl + C Copy the selected item
Ctrl + X Cut the selected item
Ctrl + V Paste the selected item
Ctrl + Z Undo an action
Ctrl + A Select all items in a document or window
F1 Display Help for a program or Windows
Display Windows Help and Support
Windows logo key   +
F1
Esc Cancel the current task
Application key Open a menu of commands related to a selection
in a program. Equivalent to right-clicking the
selection.

Using navigation keys

The navigation keys allow you to move the cursor, move around in documents and
webpages, and edit text. The following table lists some common functions of these
keys.

Press this To do this

Left Arrow, Right Move the cursor or selection one space or line in the
Arrow, Up Arrow, or direction of the arrow, or scroll a webpage in the direction
Down Arrow of the arrow
Home Move the cursor to the end of a line or move to the top of
a webpage
End Move the cursor to the end of a line or move to the
bottom of a webpage
Ctrl + Home Move to the top of a document
Ctrl + End Move to the bottom of a document
Page Up Move the cursor or page up one screen
Page Down Move the cursor or page down one screen
Delete Delete the character after the cursor, or the selected text;
in Windows, delete the selected item and move it to the
Recycle Bin
Insert Turn Insert mode off or on. When Insert mode is on, text
 that you type is inserted at the cursor. When Insert mode
is off, text that you type replaces existing characters.

Using the numeric keypad

The numeric keypad arranges the numerals 0 though 9, the arithmetic operators +
(addition), - (subtraction), * (multiplication), and / (division), and the decimal point
as they would appear on a calculator or adding machine. These characters are
duplicated elsewhere on the keyboard, of course, but the keypad arrangement
allows you to rapidly enter numerical data or mathematical operations with one
hand.

Numeric Keyboard
To use the numeric keypad to enter numbers, press Num Lock. Most keyboards
have a light that indicates whether Num Lock is on or off. When Num Lock is off,
the numeric keypad functions as a second set of navigation keys (these functions
are printed on the keys next to the numerals or symbols).
You can use your numeric keypad to perform simple calculations with Calculator.

Operate Calculator with the numeric keypad

Three odd keys

So far, we've discussed almost every key you're likely to use. But for the truly
inquisitive, let's explore the three most mysterious keys on the keyboard: PrtScn,
Scroll Lock, and Pause/Break.

PrtScn (or Print Screen)

A long time ago, this key actually did what it says—it sent the current screen of
text to your printer. Nowadays, pressing PrtScn captures an image of your entire
screen (a "screen shot") and copies it to the Clipboard in your computer's memory.
From there you can paste it (Ctrl + V) into Microsoft Paint or another program and,
if you want, print it from that program.

More obscure is SYS RQ, which shares the key with PrtScn on some keyboards.
Historically, SYS RQ was designed to be a "system request," but this command is
not enabled in Windows.
Tip: Press Alt + PrtScn to capture an image of just the active window, instead of
the entire screen.

ScrLk (or Scroll Lock)

In most programs, pressing Scroll Lock has no effect. In a few programs, pressing
Scroll Lock changes the behavior of the arrow keys and the Page Up and Page
Down keys; pressing these keys causes the document to scroll without changing
the position of the cursor or selection. Your keyboard might have a light indicating
whether Scroll Lock is on.

Pause/Break

This key is rarely used. In some older programs, pressing this key pauses the
program or, in combination with Ctrl, stops it from running.

Other keys

Some modern keyboards come with "hot keys" or buttons that give you quick, one-
press access to programs, files, or commands. Other models have volume controls,
scroll wheels, zoom wheels, and other gadgets. For details about these features,
check the information that came with your keyboard or computer, or go to the
manufacturer's website.

Tips for using your keyboard safely

Using your keyboard properly can help avoid soreness or injury to your wrists,
hands, and arms, particularly if you use your computer for long periods. Here are
a few tips to help improve keyboard use:

 Place your keyboard at elbow level. Your upper arms should be relaxed at
your sides.
 Center your keyboard in front of you. If your keyboard has a numeric
keypad, you can use the spacebar as the centering point.
 Type with your hands and wrists floating above the keyboard, so that you
can use your whole arm to reach for distant keys instead of stretching your
fingers.
 Avoid resting your palms or wrists on any type of surface while typing. If
your keyboard has a palm rest, use it only during breaks from typing.
 While typing, use a light touch and keep your wrists straight.
 When you're not typing, relax your arms and hands.
 Take short breaks from computer use every 15 to 20 minutes.