In the technical round, fresher candidates are generally asked questions on

their final project and a single technology in which they are trained.

Academic Criteria
65 percent or above in B.Tech, Class X and XII.

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TCS Technical Interview Questions

1) Explain the functionality of linked list.

A linked list consists of two parts: information and the link. In the single
connected listening, the beginning of the list is marked by a unique pointer
named start. This pointer does point to the first element of the list and the link
part of each node consists of an arrow looking to the next node, but the last
node of the list has null pointer identifying the previous node. With the help of
start pointer, the linked list can be traversed easily.

2) What are the four basic principles of OOPS?

The four basic principles of Object-Oriented Programming System are listed

below:

Abstraction: Abstraction is a process of hiding the implementation

details and showing only functionality to the user. For example, sending
SMS where you type the text and send the message. You don't know
the internal processing about the message delivery.

Abstraction lets you focus on what the object does instead of how it
does it.

Inheritance: Inheritance in Java is a mechanism in which one object

acquires all the properties and behaviors of a parent object.

Encapsulation: Encapsulation in Java is a process of wrapping code

and data together into a single unit, for example, a capsule which is
 mixed of several medicines.

Polymorphism: Polymorphism in Java is a concept by which we can

perform a single action in different ways. Polymorphism is derived
from 2 Greek words: poly and morphs. The word "poly" means many
and "morphs" means forms. So polymorphism means many forms.

3) What is inheritance?

In, Object-Oriented Programming, inheritance is a mechanism based on

classes.

Inheritance refers to inhering the data members and properties of a parent

class to a child class. A class which is derived from another level is often
called as a sub-class or a child class, and the type from which the child class
is obtained is known as super-class or parent class.

4) What is the way of inheriting variable of one class to any

other class?

//Base Class  
class A   
{   
public int a;  
}  
//Derived Class  
class B : A  
{  
a=15;  
}  

5) What is Polymorphism?

Polymorphism is a concept in OOPS which means having many forms. In

simple words, it means that different actions will be performed in different
instances. Polymorphism is of two types:
 1. Method overloading

2. Operator overloading

6) What are the different types of inheritance?

Types of Inheritance:

1. Single inheritance

2. Multiple Inheritance

3. Multi-level Inheritance

4. Multi-path Inheritance

5. Hierarchical Inheritance

6. Hybrid Inheritance

7) What is the difference between classes and interface?

The differences between classes and interfaces are listed below:

A class can be instantiated by creating its object, whereas interfaces

cannot be instantiated as all the methods in the interface are abstract
and do not perform any action, so there is no use of instantiating an
interface.

A class is declared using class keyword whereas an interface is

declared using interface keyword.

The members of the class can have access specifier such as public,
protected, and private but members of the interface can not have the
access specifier, all the members of the interface is declared as public
because the interface is used to derive another class. There will be no
use to access specifies inside the members of an interface.

The methods inside the class are defined to perform some actions on
the fields declared in the class whereas interface lacks in asserting in
areas, the ways in an interface are purely abstract.

A class can implement any number of the interface but can only extend
one superclass. Whereas interface can reach any number of interfaces
but cannot perform any interface.

A class can have a constructor defined inside the class to declare the
fields inside the class, whereas interface doesn't have any constructor
defined because there are no fields to be initialized.

8) What is software development life-cycle?

Software development life-cycle is steps involved in the life cycle of software

development phase. Generally, it is followed by the development team which
develops the software in the organization. It consists of a clear explanation of
developing and maintaining the software.

9) What is normalization of databases, joins, and keys?

Normalization is process of organizing data in a database efficiently. Two

goals of the normalization process are: to eliminate redundant data (for
example, storing the same data in more than one table) and also ensure data
dependencies make sense (only storing related data in a table). These both
are important as they reduce the amount of space a database consumes and
ensure that data is logically stored.

10) What are loops?

Loops are used to execute block of statement several times in a program

depending upon the conditional statement. The basic structure of a circuit is
given above in the diagram. For each successful execution of the loop, the
conditional statement should be checked. If the conditional statement is true,
then the circuit will be executed. If the conditional statement is false, then the
course will be terminated.

11) Explain about Joins, Views, Normalization, Triggers?

The JOIN keyword is used in an SQL statement to query data from two or
more tables, based on a relationship between specific columns in these
tables.

Tables in a database are often related to each other with keys.

A view is a virtual table. A look contains rows and columns, just like a real
table. The fields in a picture are fields from one or more real tables in the
database.
You can add SQL functions, WHERE, and JOIN statements to a view and
present the data as if the data were coming from one single table.

12) List different advantages of DBMS

Improved data sharing.

The list of several advantages of DataBase Management System:

Improved data security.

Better data integration.

Minimized data inconsistency.

Improved data access.

Improved decision making.

Increased end-user productivity.

13) What is Database Management System?

A DataBase Management System is a software system used for creating and

managing databases. DBMS make it possible for the end user to build and
maintain databases. DBMS provides an interface between the end
user/application and the databases.

14) What is database Schema?

The formal definition of the database schema is a set of formulas (sentences)

called integrity constraints imposed on a database.

15) What are the conditional statements?

The conditional statements can alternatively be called as conditional

expression also. Conditional comments are the set of rules which were
executed if a particular condition is true. It is often referred to an if-then
statement because if the state is true, then the statement is executed.

16) What is the difference between the foreign key and

reference key?

Reference Key is the primary key that is referenced in the other table (linked
via the other tables Foreign Key). Foreign Key is how you connect the second
table to the primary tables Primary Key (or Reference Key).
17) What is the difference and similarity between C and
C++?

C++ has classes whereas C did not have classes.

C does not support function overloading. In C, for input or output, we use

functions like gets(), puts(), scanf(), printf(), etc

C does not support exception handling.

18) The structural difference between bitmap and b-tree

index?

Btree

It is made of branch nodes and leaf nodes. Branch nodes hold prefix key value
along with the link to the leaf node and the leaf nodes contain the indexed
value and rowed.

Bitmap

It consists merely of bits for every single distinct value. It uses a string of bits
to locate rows in a table quickly. It is used to index low cardinality columns.

19) What is the difference between a Clustered index and

non-clustered index?

Clustered Index

Only one per table

Faster to read than non clustered as data is physically stored in index

order

Non-Clustered Index

Can be used lot of times per table

Quicker for insert and update operations than a clustered index

20) Diffrentiate between socket and session?

Socket is the Combination of IP address and Port Number (in pairs)

The session is a Logical Connectivity between the source and destination.

21) What is an array?

An array is a collection of similar elements. For an array, the necessary

condition is that the data type of all the elements in the array must be same.
The declaration of an array in C++ is as follows:

int a[10];

This defines an array whose name is a and has ten elements from index 0-9

22) Given an array of 1s and 0s arrange the 1s together and

0s together in a single scan of the array. Optimize the
boundary conditions.

 #include<stdio.h>  
#include<conio.h>  
void main()  
{  
int A[10]={'0','1','0','1','0','0','0','1','0','1','0','0'};  
int x=0,y=A.length-1;  
while(x  
x++;  
else if(A[y])  
y--;  
if(A[x] && !A[y])//here we are checking that stating index is having 1 and last i
A[x]=0,A[y]=1;  
}  
getch();  
}  

23) Define Data Abstraction. What are their importance?

Abstraction is process of recognizing and focusing on essential

characteristics of a situation or object and leaving/filtering out the unwanted
components of that situation or object.

Abstraction is the basis for software development. It's through this concept
we define the essential aspects of a system. The process of identifying and
designing the ideas for a given system is called Modeling ( objectmodeling).
Three levels of data abstraction are:

1. Logical level: Information stored in the database. e.g., Database

administrator

2. Physical level: Where data is stored physically in the database.

3. View level: End users always work on view level. If any amendment is
made it may be saved by another name.

24) Write a function to swap two numbers without using a

temporary variable.

void swap(int &i, int &j)  
{  
i=i+j;  
j=i-j;  
i=i-j;  
}  

25) Memory Allocation in C/C++

The calloc() function allocates a memory area; the length will be the product
of its parameters (it has two settings). calloc fills the memory with ZERO's
and returns a pointer to the first byte. If that fails to locate enough space, it
returns a NULL pointer.

A malloc() function allocates a memory area; length will be the value entered
as parameter. (it has one parameter). It does not initialize memory area

The free() function is used to free the allocated memory(allocated through the
calloc and malloc), in other words, this used release the allocated memory

new also used to allocate memory on the heap and initialize the memory
using constructor

delete also used release memory allocated by new operator

26) Write output of the program?

int i=10;  
printf("%d%d%d",i,++i,i++);  

Answer= 10 12 12

27) what is virtual function and pure virtual function?

Virtual function:- To achieve polymorphism, function in base class is declared
as virtual. By state virtual, we make a base class pointer to execute the
purpose of any derived class depends on the content of pointer (any acquired
class address).

Pure Virtual Function:- This is the function used in base class, and its
definition has to be provided in derived class, In other pure virtual function has
no definition in the base is declared as :

virtual void fun()=0;  

It means that this function is not going to do anything, In case of pure virtual
function derived function has to

implement a pure virtual function or redeclare it as a pure virtual function

28) What are WPF and WCF?

WPF/WCF application, need in .NET 3.0 Framework. These application will

cover the following concepts:

WCF(Windows Communication Foundation)

The new service orientated attributes

The use of interfaces

The use of callbacks

Asynchronous delegates

Creating the proxy

WPF( Windows Presentation Foundation )

Styles

Templates

Animations

Databinding
29) Write a program in C to swap two numbers without help
of a third variable.

  /* 
     * C++ program to swap two numbers without using a temporary variable 
    */  
    #include<iostream>  
    using namespace std;  
    
   /* Function for swapping the values */  
    void swap(int &a, int &b)  
  {  
        b = a + b;  
       a = b - a;  
        b = b - a;  
    }  
    int main()  
    {  
    int a, b;  
      
cout << "Enter two numbers to be swapped : ";  
cin >> a >> b;  
swap(a, b);  
cout << "The two numbers after swapping become :" << endl;  
cout << "Value of a : " << a << endl;  
cout << "Value of b : " << b << endl;  
}  

30) What will be output of the following code?

 // file name: Main.java  
   
class Complex {  
    private double  re, im;           
   
    public Complex(double re, double it) {  
        this.re = re;  
        this.im = im;  
    }  
}  
    
// Driver class to test the Complex level  
public class Main {  
     public static void main(String[] args) {  
        Complex c1 = new Complex(10, 15);  
        System.out.println(c1);  
    }  
}  

31) Find the output of the following program.

 public class Prg {  
    public static void main(String args[]){  
        System.out.print("A" + "B" + 'A');  
    }  
}  

32) What will be the output of following program ?

 public class Prg {  
    public static void main(String args[]){  
        System.out.print('A' + 'B');  
    }  
}  

33)What will be output of following program?

public class Prg {  
   public static void main(String[] args) {  
       char [] str={'i','n','c','l','u','d','e','h','e','l','p'};  
       System.out.println(str.toString());  
   }  

34) What will be output of following program?

public class pg {  
   public static void main(String[] args) {  
       System.out.print("Hello");  
       System.out.println("Guys!");  
   }  

35) What will be output of following program?

class Test2 {  
ublic  
    static void main(String[] args)  
   {  
       byte x = 12;  
       byte y = 13;  
       byte result = x + y;  
       System.out.print(result);  
   }  

36) What will be output of following program?

 #include <stdio.h>  
union test {  
    int x;  
    char arr[8];  
    int y;  
} u;  
int main()  
{  
    printf("%u", sizeof(u));  
    return 0;  
}  

TCS HR Interview Questions

1) Tell us something about yourself.

My name is Abhinav. I belong to Delhi. I was born in my native place and

brought up in Delhi. I am a person who likes to explore new areas and meet
new people. Coming to my academics, I have passed my B.Tech from GNIOT,
Greater Noida with 64%. I have secured 72% in Class XII and 8.2 CGPA in
Class X. In my family, I have a father, mother, grandfather & grandmother and
me. I had a work experience of x months in Javatpoint at Noida as a content
writer and had gained a lot of knowledge about various languages.

2) Do you wish to change your domain? If yes, why?

I want to work in an organization where I can develop the skill set gained from
my Educational background as well as develop skills which will benefit
throughout my career as regarding this job, this job is entirely connected with
my domain of expertise, and also it helps me to enhance my communication
skills which have been on my to-do list. So I want to get associated with such
a big organization and also improve skill sets that I have always been wanting
to upgrade.
3) Describe an experience of yours wherein you were asked to do
something which you didn't like to do and how you handled it?

This is a typical question which tests your presence of mind and your
communication skills. Gather any instance from your life and speak on
that.

For your reference, a sample answer is provided. Your answer will be

different from this one, but it might be of some help.

I have many life instances where I had to perform tasks which I did not like
performing but as these tasks were mandatory hence backing off was not an
option I could afford. One such memory I would like to share was from my 9th
grade when we had to study Sanskrit as our school did not have option
between Hindi and Sanskrit after class 9th so initially I did not care about this
subject but when I started researching it I found that this subject is quite
complicated and also I realized that I was not all good at remembering things,
hence this subject became a difficult task for me but as I told backing off was
not an option so I decided to take help from my parents, friends and other
reliable sources and worked hard throughout the remaining time and at last
the hard work paid off though I did not score excellent marks I achieved
marks which I could not have believed I could score a few months back.

4) What are your expectations from the company?

Though this answer is objective and can be different for different persons but
remember be positive in your thoughts and do not say many things about the
company which gives the interviewer an illusion that you are exaggerating.

In short, be realistic and precise.

I have from a long time wanted to work with an IT company which treats its
employees in the best way it can. I have always wanted to work with an
organization which provides a very comfortable and home like work
environment and when it comes to TCS I find that both the requirements are
fulfilled. Even requirements I can hardly imagine are met, most importantly I
get the opportunity to learn and enhance my skill set to become a better
professional in the future.

5) Will you be comfortable relocating?

Remember this answer requires a clear-cut reply and wants to know as the
company might provide time to time travel hence do not try to be good and if
you are not able to change places tell them explicitly if they have any
positions for that kind of post they will consider you. Also, refer to the sample
answer given below.
Yes, as part of growing up I used to travel a lot as my father is an ex-
serviceman hence occasionally he used to be posted throughout the country.
Though I would prefer my city as it helps me live with people, I care about, but
at the same time, I am ok with relocating.

6) What is it like to live in Delhi (your state)?

You can tell unique things about your states; this may consist of things which
you might or want to improve, as a said before stick to being realistic.

Delhi is one of the busiest cities in India and though I do not have any
knowledge of towns outside India hope it will also be the most active of all.
Delhi like Mumbai never sleeps and in Delhi, as we know have lots of places to
wander and explore. Also being central to many states and the Capital of India
it is the center of attraction for many, and hence due to constant migration, we
find a variety of people residing in Delhi. Also, Delhi has all kinds of markets,
and also it has hospitals and facilities which are top notch and can be
compared to best across the globe. Hence, living in Delhi is like a dream come
true.

7) Tell me something about the most memorable day of

your life?

By this question, the interviewer wants to check whether you can cope with
on-the-spot situations, take some time gather your thoughts and speak up.

The most memorable day of my life would without any second thought be the
day when I passed my graduation. That day I felt like now I can get a
respectable job lead an independent life and slowly and steadily I have turned
from a dependent boy to independent man. I am now mature enough to take
my life decisions and decide what is right for me and what is not. That day I
realized why my grandfathers and old people are so nostalgic and have so
many memories associated with the Independence of our country and such
small word independence could have such massive meaning attached to it.

8) What are your strengths?

Never tell strengths which you cannot prove on the spot. And speak only the
forces that are true.

In my opinion, I am a team player I have always loved working as a team,

performing for the betterment of the team has ever made me proud and
getting to handle captaincy or leadership of my colleagues has always been
the work I always loved.
Also, things that are hard to get I love getting them, though it sounds bit
confusing to understand so let me elaborate with an instance, After my
graduation I had not acquired skills required to get an excellent job through
my communication skills were ok but I really lacked in technical part, and it
was easy for me to take nonprofessional job also they had an attractive pay
scale and it was difficult for me to learn programming skills and become good
in coding but I decided to get things the hard way and work till I succeed and
thereafter I worked on technical domain and here I am .So hard work
eventually pays off.

9) What are your weaknesses?

Though this is a tricky question but doesn't be the bait, i.e., the interviewer
wants to know your weakness but tell him weakness such that they are also in
some way your strengths.

Though it is difficult to see your weakness yourself as we all know the general
human tendency is to shift the blame and never take the responsibility for
some wrongdoing. But to be honest, I find that when I want to achieve
something, I work hard to get that though it might not be worth it to work so
hard for the happiness that I get after attaining I work hard, so in the
meantime I miss out on another event concurrently happening.

10) Why should we hire you?

A quite typical question and needs to be answered sensibly.

The requirement for this job completely matches my skill set, as a candidate I
have experience working in this domain which might be beneficial for the
organization as well as me. Also, I am a quick learner and a team player so
the organization won`t have to spend much time and resources on me. Even
when I work, I work for the maximum benefit of the organization. Moreover, I
would gain exposure to the industry which will be very beneficial to my career.

11) Is there anything which makes you different from other

candidates?

Again...Be realistic

Yes, there are lots of things which distinguish me as an individual. Every

individual is different. But if you ask about positive qualities in me, then I
would say I am a team player, quick learner and have some leadership
qualities. Though these thoughts are objective to individual and can be known
better when you know me as an individual.

12) What are your views on demonetization?

This is a significant topic of discussion, and I have a lot of things to say, but
considering the short duration of this interview I would like to summarize this
like:

It was a very significant decision I would say, but not that great on the
implementation part.

The government should have taken a stand on so many people died

during the initial period.

The objective was not met entirely as not many people having black
money were caught.

The GDP of our country had increased.

All in all, there are many positives and negatives in this action hence to
reach a conclusion would not do justice.

13) Tell me about your daily routine?

Just describe your routine.

Nowadays, I have quite a hectic schedule, and I have long been reaching out
for a holiday or break, but as you ask I would describe my routine as:

I wake up at 0700hours. I perform all my daily chores and get ready to leave
for office at about 0800 hours. I commute by metro, and then I reach my office
at an estimated time of 0930 hours. I work there till 1300 hours and then we
have a half an hour break, after the break, we get back to work, and I have a
Java class from 1530 to 1700, and after completing the course, I work for
about 90 minutes, and at 1830 hours I depart for home. Again my house is 90
minutes ride in metro, and by 2000 hours I reach home and watch a great
movie and by the time the film is finished I am off to sleep and the day is
finished and next day again back to work.

14) Mention any five qualities that a person should have for
this profile?

Depends on the job.

15) Speak on any topic of your interest for at least 5

minutes.

You have to speak on any topic.

16) Describe the experience of visiting any place during

your vacations.

You need to describe any experience.

17) Do you have any prior work experience? If so tell us
about your last job and why you left it.

You can tell about your work experience, and why left it but don't give any
negative answer as they have a negative impact. Answer like for growth, for a
better opportunity, to enhance your skill set further.

18) What are your hobbies?

You can tell your hobbies. You must prepare for questions from your hobbies.

19) What quality do you think a leader should have?

There are many qualities that a leader should have but to name a few, a leader
should be able to coordinate a team, he should have excellent understanding
of people and their behavior at different points of time, he should be able to
find people he can depend on, he should be able to be distinguished in a
crowd of people, he should be able to instruct a group of people, he should be
dominant and many more are there.

20) Have you applied anywhere before applying here? How

many job offers have you received before this?

No

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