Statistics and

Probability
Quarter 3 – Module 5:
Computing Probability Corresponding
to a Given Random Variable

CO_Q3_Statistics and Probability SHS

Module 5
Statistics and Probability
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 3 – Module 5: Computing Probability Corresponding to a Given Random
Variable
First Edition, 2021

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 Statistics and
Probability
Quarter 3 – Module 5:
Computing Probability
Corresponding to a Given Random
Variable
Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners,
can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions,
exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-
step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each

SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you
need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of
the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check
you’re learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that
you will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can
best help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part
of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And
read the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the
tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind to help you on computing
probabilities corresponding to a given random variable. The probability of certain
events occurring or not can be important to be applied in real-life problems. You can
use probability to make judgments when you are unsure of the outcomes.

This module will also help you to improve your computation skills. You can apply
this not only in experiments like tossing a coin, playing cards, and throwing a die
but also in different situations like in business or financial matters wherein a
statistical process is required. This will also help you in decision making regarding
future financial situations and on business decision practices.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. illustrate a probability distribution for a discrete random variable; and
2. compute probabilities corresponding to a given random variable.

What I Know

Let us see how far you will go and how much you know through this pretest. Choose
the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.

1. The given table represents a probability distribution. What is P(2) + P(3)?

X 1 2 3 4
P(X) 1 1 1 1
3 6 6 3
1 1 1 2
a. b. c. d.
6 3 2 3

Refer to the given table in answering numbers 2-3.

In the experiment of tossing a coin twice, the following table shows the probability
distribution.

X 0 1 2
P(X) 1 1 1
4 2 4

2. What is P (X≤ 2)?

3 1 1
a. 1 b. c. d.
4 2 4

1 CO_Q3_Statistics and Probability SHS

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 3. What is P (X≥1)?
3 1 1
a. 1 b. c. d.
4 2 4
Refer to the given table in answering numbers 4-5.

Number of Tails (X) 0 1 2 3

P(X) 0.125 0.375 0.375 0.125

4. Find P (X ≥ 1).
a. 0.125 b. 0.5 c. 0.625 d. 0.875

5. Find P (X ≤ 1).
a. 0.125 b. 0.5 c. 0.625 d. 0.875

Refer to the given problem in answering numbers 6-8.

6. The random variable Y representing the number of nuts in a chocolate bar

has the following probability distribution. Find P (odd).

Y 0 1 2 3 4
P(Y) 1 3 3 2 1
10 10 10 10 10

3 2 1 4
a. b. c. d.
10 5 2 5

7. Find P (1 ≤ Y ≤ 4)
9 4 1 3
a. b. c. d.
10 5 2 10

8. Find P (Y> 1)
1 3 7 9
a. b. c. d.
5 5 10 10

Refer to the given problem in answering numbers 9-11.

Two jars both contain the numbers 2, 4, 6, and 8. The following table shows the
probability distribution of the sum when one number from each jar is taken at a
time with replacement.

X 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
P(X) 1 1 3 1 3 1 1
16 8 16 4 16 8 16

9. Find P(4) + P(6).

9 7 5 3
a. b. c. c.
16 16 16 16

10. Find the probability that X assumes a value greater than 10.
3 7 9 5
a. b. c. d.
8 16 16 8

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 11. Find the probability that X assumes a value between 6 and 14.
3 7 9 5
a. b. c. d.
8 16 16 8

Refer to the given problem in answering numbers 12-13.

The given table shows the probability distribution of a random variable Z which
represents the percentage of male students per section among Grade 11 senior high
school students.

Z 8 9 11 14 15 18
P(Z) 8% 8% 25% 17% 25% 17%

12. Find P(Z≥11).

a. 84% b. 59% c. 51% d. 43 %

13. Find P(8< Z <18).

a. 43% b. 59% c. 75% d. 83 %

Refer to the given problem in answering numbers 14-15.

The daily demand for copies of a magazine at a variety store has the probability
distribution as follows.

Number of Copies X Probability P(X)

0 0.10
1 0.25
2 0.30
3 0.16
4 0.05
5 0.14

14. What is the probability that two or more copies will be demanded on a
particular day?
a. 0.30 b. 0.35 c. 0.65 d. 0.75

15. What is the probability that the demand will be at least one but not more
than four?
a. 0.76 b. 0.71 c. 0.51 d. 0.35

3 CO_Q3_Statistics and Probability SHS

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 Lesson Computing Probability

1 Corresponding to a Given
Random Variable
You have learned that the likelihood of winning in a lotto draw, number of winnings
in a gamble, number of heads that come out in a toss of a coin, and other game of
chance can be estimated using probability. But do you know that it is not only for
the game of chance? We also use this in business, economics, engineering, and other
real-life situations. A data needs to determine the probabilities to make decisions
and draw a conclusion. Most of the time, you won't perform actual
probability problems, but you'll use probability to make a judgment and determine
the best course of action.

What’s In

In your previous lesson, you have learned how to illustrate a probability distribution
of a discrete random variable. To understand this lesson, your knowledge of getting
the probability of an event is very important as you have learned from your previous
lesson in Mathematics. To find out if you are ready to learn in this new lesson,
determine the probability of the following.
Find the probability of the following events.

Event (E) Probability P (E)

a. Getting an odd number in a single roll of a die.
b. Getting an ace when a card is drawn from a deck.
c. Getting a number greater than 2 in a single roll of a die.
d. Getting a red queen when a card is drawn from a deck.
e. Getting doubles when two dice are rolled.
f. Getting a sum of 5 or a sum of 9 when two dice are rolled.
The probability for each event will be:

a. The event of getting an odd number has three outcomes: 1, 3, or 5. Since there
3 1
are 6 faces in a die, then the probability of getting an odd number is or .
6 2
b. The event of getting an ace when a card is drawn from a deck is 4. Since there
4 1
are 52 cards in a deck, then the probability of getting an ace is or .
52 13
c. The event of getting a number greater than 2 in a single roll of a die has four
outcomes: 3, 4, 5, and 6. Since there are 6 faces in a die, then the probability
4 2
of getting a number greater than 2 is or .
6 3

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 d. The event of getting a red queen when a card is drawn from a deck is 2. Since
2
there are 52 cards in a deck, then the probability of getting a red queen is
52
1
or .
26
e. The event of getting doubles when two dice are rolled has 6 outcomes: {(1,1),
(2,2), (3,3), (4,4), (5,5), (6,6)}. Since there are 36 outcomes in rolling two dice,
6 1
then the probability of getting doubles is or .
36 6
f. The event of getting a sum of 5 when two dice are rolled has 4 outcomes:
4
{(1,4), (4,1), (2,3), (3,2)}. Hence, the probability is . The event of getting a sum
36
of 9 when two dice are rolled has 4 outcomes: {(4,5), (5,4), (3,6), (6,3)}. Hence,
4
the probability is .
36

The probability of getting a sum of 5 or a sum of 9 when two dice are rolled
number of pairs with sums of 5 number of pairs with sums of 9
is P(sum of 5 or sum of 9)= +
total number of outcomes total number of outcomes

4 4
= +
36 36

8 2
= or
36 9

Notes to the Teacher

The teacher must advise the learners about:

a. getting the number of possible outcomes in the experiment;
b. values of the random variable;
c. the procedure in constructing probability distribution;
d. addition and subtraction of fractions and decimals; and
e. the meaning of the symbols like <, >, ≤ and ≥

What’s New

Golden’s bakery is known for its famous Filipino delicacies. Among these foods which
is a native delicious food called “kakanin” is a “leche puto”. The bakeshop owner
recorded the number of boxes of “leche puto.” The bakeshop owner recoded the
number of boxes of “leche puto” that were delivered each day.

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The number of boxes delivered for 10 days is shown below.

Number of
Day
Boxes(X)
1 35
2 37
3 50
4 45
5 37
6 45
7 40
a. What is the probability that 40 or more boxes will 8 42
be delivered on a particular day?
9 45
b. What is the probability that the number of boxes
delivered will be at least 37 but not more than 50? 10 42
c. What is the probability that at most 40 boxes will be delivered on a particular
day?
d. Find P (X≤ 45).
e. Find P (40) + P (50).

What is It

In the previous module, you have learned how to illustrate a probability distribution
for a discrete random variable and its properties. Some experiments like tossing a
coin, throwing a die, and other activities consist of one or more outcomes. If each of
the outcomes is equally likely to occur, then the probability is:

number of outcomes in the event

P (E)=
number of outcomes in the sample space

To answer the given question, you have to construct first the probability distribution.
Let X be the value of the random variable represented by the number of boxes of
“leche puto.” The probability distribution is shown below.
Number of Boxes X Probability P(X)
35 1
10
37 1
5
40 1
10
42 1
5
45 3
10
50 1
10

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a. The probability that 40 or more boxes will be sold in a particular day means
P (X≥ 40).

This means that you have to add P(X=40), P(X=42), P (X= 45), and (X= 50).
P (X≥ 40) = P(40) + P(42) + P(45) + P(50) then, substitute its corresponding
probability
1 1 3 1
= + + +
10 5 10 10
1 2 3 1
= + + +
10 10 10 10
7
= or 0.7
10

b. The probability that the number of boxes delivered will be at least 37 but not more
than 50 means P (37≤ X< 50).
Hence, the values included are P(37), P(40), P42) and P(45), then substitute
its corresponding probability and add.

P (37≤ X< 50) = P(37) + P(40) +P(42) + P(45),

1 1 1 3
= + + +
5 10 5 10
2 1 2 3
= + + +
10 10 10 10
8
=
10
4
= or 0.8
5

c. The probability that at most 40 boxes will be delivered in a particular day means
P (X≤ 40) so the values of X are P(40), P(37) and P(35)

P (X≤ 40) = P(40) + P(37) + P(35)

1 1 1
= + +
10 5 10
1 2 1
= + +
10 10 10
4
=
10
2
= or 0.40
5

d. Find P (X≤ 45) = P(45) + P(42) + P(40) + P(37) +P(35)

3 1 1 1 1
= + + + +
10 5 10 5 10
3 2 1 2 1
= + + + +
10 10 10 10 10
9
= or 0.90
10

Other solution:
P (X≤ 45) = 1-P(50)
1
= 1-
10
9
=
10

1 1
e. Find P (40) + P (50) = +
10 10
2
=
10
1
= or 0.10
5

7 CO_Q3_Statistics and Probability SHS

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 What’s More

Independent Activity I
Number of Cell Phones
The number of cellphones sold per day at Gadgets Zone has the following probability
distribution:
Number of Cell Phones Sold X Probability P(X)
0 0.15
1 0.10
2 0.25
3 0.30
4 0.20

Find:
1.P(X≥ 2) 3. P(1≤ 𝑋𝑋 ≤ 4)
2.P(x≤ 3) 4.P(2) + P(4)

Independent Activity II
Number of Absences
The monthly absences of a student based on his class adviser’s record are presented
in the probability distribution below.

X 0 1 2 3 4
1 3 3 1 1
P(X)
10 10 10 10 5
a. What is the probability that the number of absences is less than 3?
b. What is the probability that the number of absences is at least 2?
c. What is the probability that the number of absences is greater than 1 but
less than 4?

Independent Activity III

Bayanihan To Heal as One Act
In a certain barangay, the DSWD conducted a survey among the ages of senior
citizens who will receive cash assistance or the Social Amelioration Program (SAP).
This program is a cash emergency subsidy program for Filipino families whose lives
are greatly affected by the Enhance Community Quarantine (ECQ). It is mandated
by the new law, the “Bayanihan To Heal As One Act,” which was signed by the
President on March 25, 2020. The given data shows the probability distribution
among the ages of senior citizens.

8 CO_Q3_Statistics and Probability SHS

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 Age X Probability P(X) Age X Probability P(X)
60 0.16 67 0.10
61 0.10 68 0.07
62 0.10 70 0.07
63 0.07 72 0.10
65 0.13 73 0.07
80 0.03
a. What is the probability that at least 65 years old senior citizen will receive the SAP?
b. What is the probability that at most 70 years old senior citizen will receive the SAP?
c. What is the probability that at least 60 years old but less than 70 years old senior
citizen will receive the SAP?

What I Have Learned

Answer the following statements.

1. Specify the formula on how to compute the probability of a discrete

random variable.
__________________________________________________________________
2. What important skills did you develop in getting the probability?
___________________________________________________________________
3. Cite examples of an experiments or activities wherein we can apply the
computation of probabilities of a random variable.
___________________________________________________________________
4-5. In your own words, define experiment, outcomes, and probabilities.
You can cite your own example.
___________________________________________________________________

What I Can Do

A pair of fair dice is rolled. Let X be the random variable

representing the sum of the numbers that appear.
a. Construct the probability distribution of X for a
pair of dice.
b. Find P (X≥ 8).
c. Find P (X≤ 7).
d. Find the probability that X takes an even value.
e. Find P (3 ≤X≤ 10).

9 CO_Q3_Statistics and Probability SHS

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 Assessment

Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. The given table represents a probability distribution. What is P (1) + P (4)?
X 1 2 3 4
P(X) 1 1 1 1
3 6 6 3
1 1 1 2
a. b. c. d.
6 3 2 3

Refer to the given table in answering numbers 2-3.

In the experiment of tossing a coin twice, the following table shows the probability
distribution.
X 0 1 2
P(X) 1 1 1
4 2 4

2. What is P (X≤ 2)?

1 1 3
a. b. c. d. 1
4 2 4

3. What is P (0) + P (2)?

3 1 1
a. 1 b. c. d.
4 2 4

Refer to the given table in answering numbers 4-5.

0 1 2 3
Number of
Tails (X)
P(X) 0.125 0.375 0.375 0.125

4. Find P (X ≤ 1).
a. 0.125 b. 0.5 c. 0.625 d. 0.875
5. Find P (X ≥ 1).
a. 0.125 b. 0.5 c. 0.625 d. 0.875

Refer to the given problem in answering numbers 6-8.

6. The random variable Y representing the number of nuts in a chocolate bar

has the following probability distribution. Find P (odd).
Y 0 1 2 3 4
1 3 3 2 1
P(Y)
10 10 10 10 10
3 2 1 4
a. b. c. d.
10 5 2 5

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 7. Find P (0 ≤ Y ≤ 3 ).
9 4 1 3
a. b. c. d.
10 5 2 10

8. Find P (Y< 3 ).
1 3 7 9
a. b. c. d.
5 5 10 10

Refer to the given problem in answering numbers 9-11.

Two jars both contain the numbers 2, 4, 6, and 8. The following table shows the
probability distribution of the sum when one number from each jar is taken at a
time with replacement.
X 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
P(X) 1 1 3 1 3 1 1
16 8 16 4 16 8 16
9. Find P (6) + P (8).
9 7 5 3
a. b. c. d.
16 16 16 16

10. Find the probability that X assumes a value greater than 12.
3 3 9 5
a.
8
b. 16 c.
16
d.
8

11. Find the probability that X assumes a value between 6 and 14.
3 5 9 5
a. b. c. d.
8 16 16 8
Refer to the given problem in answering numbers 12-13.

The given table shows the probability distribution of a random variable Z which
represents the percentage of male students per section among Grade 11 senior high
school students.
Z 8 9 11 14 15 18
P(Z) 8% 8% 25% 17% 25% 17%

12. Find P (Z≥9).

a. 92% b.84% c. 59% d. 43 %

13. Find P (8< Z <15).

a. 84% b. 73 % c. 59 % d. 50 %
Refer to the given problem in answering numbers 14-15.

The daily demand for copies of a magazine at a variety store has the probability
distribution as follows.
Number of Copies X Probability P(X)
0 0.10
1 0.25
2 0.30
3 0.16
4 0.05
5 0.14

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 14. What is the probability that three or more copies will be demanded on a
particular day?
a. 0.30 b. 0.35 c. 0.65 d. 0.75
15. What is the probability that the demand will be at least one but not more
than five?
a. 0.76 b. 0.71 c. 0.51 d. 0.43

Additional Activities

Analyze and solve the following problems:

1. Box A and B contain numbers 1, 2, 3, and 4. The following is the probability

distribution of the sum when one number from each box is taken at a time
with replacement.
X 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
P(X) 1 1 3 1 3 1 1
16 8 16 4 16 8 16

a. Find P (even).
b. Find P (X≥ 5).
c. Find the probability that X assumes a value of less than 4.
d. Find the probability that X assumes a value greater than 6.
e. Find the probability that X assumes a value between 3 and 8.
2. The probabilities that a customer buys 5,6,7, 8, and 9 items in a convenience
store has the following probability distribution.
X 5 6 7 8 9
P(X) 0.25 0.12 0.28 0.15 0.20

a. Find P (X≤ 8).

b. Find P (5≤ X < 8).
c. What is the probability that a customer will buy at least 6 items?
d. What is the probability that a customer will buy at most 7 items?

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 Module 5
CO_Q3_Statistics and Probability SHS 13
What I Have Learned What I Can Do Additional
Activities
number of outcomes in the event
a.
1. P (E)= number of outcomes in the sample space
2. Answers may vary. X P(X) X P(X)
3. Answers may vary. 2 8 1. a.
1
4-5. Answers may vary.
2
b.

1 4
3 9
36 36 5
8
c.
2 3
3
4 10
36 36
16
d.
3 2
3
5 11
16
36 36
e.
3
4 1
6 12
4
2. a. 0.80
36 36
5 4
7 b. 0.65
36 36
c. 0.75
6
b. d. 0.65
36
5
12
c.
7
12
d.
1
2
e.
1
2
What I Know Assessment What's More
1. b 1. d Activity I
2. a 2. d 1. 0.75
3. b 3. c 2. 0.80
4. d 4. b 3. 0.85
5. b 5. d 4. 0.45
6. c 6. c
7. a 7. a Activity II
8. b 8. c 1.
9. c
7
9. d
10. b 2.
10
10. a
1
11. d 11. b 3.
2
1
12. a 12. a 2
13. c 13. d
Activity III
14. c 14. b
1. 0.57
15. b 15. a
2. 0.80
3. 0.73
Answer Key
References

Belencia, Rene R., Baccay, Elisa S., and Mateo, Efren B. (2016). Statistics
and Probability. Rex Book Store Inc. (RBSI).

Malate, Jose S. (2017). “Statistics and Probability”. Vicarish Publications and

Trading Inc.

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education - Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)

Ground Floor, Bonifacio Bldg., DepEd Complex

Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600

Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985

Email Address: [email protected] * [email protected]