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Exp-3 (Speed Control by V-F Method

This document describes an experiment to control the speed of a 3-phase squirrel cage induction motor using a V/f control method. The objective is to determine the V/f ratio for speed control. The experiment involves connecting the motor to a V/f controller and measuring voltage, frequency, and speed at different frequency settings. Maintaining a constant V/f ratio keeps the air gap flux constant and allows control of the synchronous speed and motor speed as frequency is varied. Observations of voltage, frequency, speed are recorded and the V/f ratio is determined from the data.

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447 views

Exp-3 (Speed Control by V-F Method

This document describes an experiment to control the speed of a 3-phase squirrel cage induction motor using a V/f control method. The objective is to determine the V/f ratio for speed control. The experiment involves connecting the motor to a V/f controller and measuring voltage, frequency, and speed at different frequency settings. Maintaining a constant V/f ratio keeps the air gap flux constant and allows control of the synchronous speed and motor speed as frequency is varied. Observations of voltage, frequency, speed are recorded and the V/f ratio is determined from the data.

Uploaded by

uttam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

IIT (ISM), DHANBAD – 826004


SEM:– V–B.TECH. (EE) MONSOON SEMESTER (2021-2022)
SUB:– ELECTRICAL MACHINES–II PRACTICAL

EXPT. NO.:– 03

TITLE:- Study of speed control of a 3-Φ squirrel-cage induction motor by V/f control method.

OBJECTIVE:-To determine V/f ratio for the speed control of 3-Φ squirrel-cage induction motor.

MACHINE UNDER TEST:-


Sl. No. Machine Specification Make

1 3-Φ squirrel-cage
induction motor

APPARATUS REQUIRED:–
Sl. No. Instruments/ Range Quantity Make
Apparatus
1 Frequency meter

2 Power factor meter

3 Voltmeter -1

4 Voltmeter -2

5 Ammeter

6 Tachometer

7 V/f controller

1
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:-

Fig. 1 Circuit diagram of V/f control set-up

Fig. 2 Block diagram of V/f control drive


THEORY:-
By changing the supply frequency, the synchronous speed of induction motor can be controlled over a wide
range according to eqn. (1) and (2). The Synchronous speed and air gap flux are given by

(1)

(2)

(3)

where, = stator winding constant, =stator turns per phase, V = supply voltage, f = Supply frequency. It
may be seen that from the eqn. (3) that if the supply frequency f is changed, the value of air gap flux also gets
2
affected. Induction motors are normally designed to operate near the saturation point on their magnetization
curves, So the increase in flux due to a decrease in frequency will cause excessive magnetization currents to
flow in the motor. Hence, it is necessary to maintain air gap flux constant when supply frequency is changed.
This can be achieved when the V/f remains constant. That means when frequency varies then voltage must be
varied in same proportion so that net ratio remains same or constant. This can be achieved V/f control drive as
shown in Fig. 2. In this arrangement, Variable (V, f) supply can be obtained from constant (V, f) supply using
converter-inverter arrangement as shown in Fig. 2. When supply frequency to the stator terminal varies, the
supply voltage to the stator also varies automatically in same proportion. As a result of which V/f ratio remains
constant.

PROCEDURE:-
1) Make all the connections as shown in Fig. 1 while keeping all the switches in off position.
2) Switch on the power supply and start the motor by pressing START button.
3) Set the frequency on V-f Control drive to 50Hz and note down the corresponding values of stator
voltage using voltmeter and motor speed using tachometer.
4) To control the speed decrease the values of frequency on V-f Control drive step by step and note down
the corresponding readings of stator voltage and motor speed.
5) Stop the motor by pressing STOP button. Switch off the power supply and remove all the connections
properly.

OBSERVATION TABLE:-
1) Forward direction

Sl. No. Frequency (Hz) Voltage (V) V/f ratio Rotor speed (rpm)

3
2) Backward direction

Sl. No Frequency (Hz) Voltage (V) V/f ratio Rotor speed (rpm)

RESULTS:-
The speed of three phase induction motor has been controlled by V/f method and the value of V/f ratio is also
obtained.

PRECAUTIONS:-
1. The motor input current should not exceed its rated value.
2. Make sure to turn off the motor while switching direction to forward to backward or vice versa.

SAMPLE QUESTIONS:–
1. What are the advantages and disadvantages of v/f speed control method of an induction motor?
2. Why is induction motors controlled with a constant v/f?

3. How many types of method are used for the speed control of induction motor from the stator side?

4. Is it possible to control multiple motors using a single VFD?

5. What is the effect of frequency on motor efficiency?

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