AA HL-Sequences-Exp-log_WS

[258 marks]

1a. [3 marks]

Markscheme
5.5 4
(1 + 4×100
) (M1)(A1)
1.056 A1
[3 marks]
1b. [3 marks]

Markscheme
EITHER
5.5 4n
2P = P × (1 + 100×4
) OR 2P = P × (their (a))m (M1)(A1)
Note: Award (M1) for substitution into loan payment formula. Award (A1) for
correct substitution.
OR
PV = ±1
FV = ∓ 1
I% = 5.5
P/Y = 4
C/Y = 4
n = 50.756… (M1)(A1)
OR
PV = ±1
FV = ∓ 2
I% = 100(their (a) − 1)
P/Y = 1
C/Y = 1 (M1)(A1)
THEN
⇒ 12.7 years
Laurie will have double the amount she invested during 2032 A1

[3 marks]
2a. [2 marks]

Markscheme
* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain
minor differences in marking or structure. It appeared in a paper that
permitted the use of a calculator, and so might not be suitable for all forms of
practice.
u1 r = 30 and u1 r4 = 240, (M1)

Note: Award (M1) for both the given terms expressed in the formula for un .
OR

30r3 = 240 (r3 = 8) (M1)

Note: Award (M1) for a correct equation seen.

(r =) 2 (A1) (C2)

[2 marks]

2b. [2 marks]

Markscheme
u1 × 2 = 30 OR u1 × 24 = 240 (M1)

Note: Award (M1) for their correct substitution in geometric sequence

formula.

(u1 =) 15 (A1)(ft) (C2)

Note: Follow through from part (a).

[2 marks]
2c. [2 marks]

Markscheme
15 ( 2n−1 )
2−1
= 61425 (M1)

Note: Award (M1) for correctly substituted geometric series formula equated
to 61425.

(n =) 12 (slices) (A1)(ft) (C2)

Note: Follow through from parts (a) and (b).

[2 marks]

3. [5 marks]

Markscheme
* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain
minor differences in marking or structure.
u5 = 4 + 4d = log2 625 (A1)
4d = log2 625 − 4
attempt to write an integer (eg 4 or 1) in terms of log2 M1
4d = log2 625 − log2 16
attempt to combine two logs into one M1
4d = log2 ( 625
16
)
d = 14 log2 ( 625
16
)
attempt to use power rule for logs M1
1
d = log2 ( 625
16
) 4

d = log2 ( 52 ) A1

[5 marks]

Note: Award method marks in any order.

4a. [2 marks]

Markscheme
* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain
minor differences in marking or structure.
evidence of dividing terms (in any order) (M1)
1 2
a −3a
u1
eg u2
, 4
a

r = 14 a − 3 A1 N2
[2 marks]

4b. [3 marks]

Markscheme
recognizing | r |< 1 (must be in terms of a) (M1)

eg ∣ 14 a − 3∣< 1, − 1 ≤ 14 a − 3 ≤ 1, − 4 < a − 12 < 4

8 < a < 16 A2 N3
[3 marks]

4c. [3 marks]

Markscheme
correct equation (A1)
eg a = 76 , a = 76(4 − 14 a)
1− ( a−3 )
1
4

76
a= 5
(= 15. 2) (exact) A2 N3
[3 marks]
5a. [2 marks]

Markscheme
* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain
minor differences in marking or structure.
h h
sin 60° = 40
OR tan 60° = 20
(M1)

Note: Award (M1) for correct substitutions in trig ratio.

OR

202 + h2 = 402 (√402 − 202 ) (M1)

Note: Award (M1) for correct substitutions in Pythagoras’ theorem.

(h =) 34. 6 (m) (√1200, 20√3, 34. 6410 …) (A1)(G2)

[2 marks]
5b. [3 marks]

Markscheme
1
2 (70 + 110)(34. 6410 …)×200 (M1)(M1)

Note: Award (M1) for their correctly substituted area of trapezium formula,
provided all substitutions are positive. Award (M1) for multiplying by 200.
Follow through from part (a).

OR

1
(2 × 2 × 20 × 34. 6410 … + 70 × 34. 6410 …)×200 (M1)(M1)

Note: Award (M1) for the addition of correct areas for two triangles and one
rectangle. Award (M1) for multiplying by 200. Follow through from part (a).

OR

1
70 × 34. 6410 … × 200 + 2 × 2 × 34. 6410 … × 20 × 200 (M1)(M1)

Note: Award (M1) for their correct substitution in volume of cuboid formula.
Award (M1) for correctly substituted volume of triangular prism(s). Follow
through from part (a).

623538 … (A1)
624000 (m3 ) (AG)

Note: Both an unrounded answer that rounds to the given answer and the
rounded value must be seen for the (A1) to be awarded.

[3 marks]

5c. [1 mark]

Markscheme
(d =) − 1800 (A1)

[1 mark]
5d. [2 marks]

Markscheme
(u13 =) 45000 +(13 − 1)(−1800) (M1)

Note: Award (M1) for correct substitutions in arithmetic sequence formula.

OR
Award (M1) for a correct 4th term seen as part of list.

23400 (m3 ) (A1)(ft)(G2)

Note: Follow through from part (c) for their value of d.

[2 marks]

5e. [2 marks]

Markscheme
0 = 45000 +(n − 1)(−1800) (M1)

Note: Award (M1) for their correct substitution into arithmetic sequence
formula, equated to zero.

(n =) 26 (A1)(ft)(G2)

Note: Follow through from part (c). Award at most (M1)(A0) if their n is not a
positive integer.

[2 marks]
5f. [1 mark]

Markscheme
25 (A1)(ft)

Note: Follow through from part (e)(i), but only if their final answer in (e)(i) is
positive. If their n in part (e)(i) is not an integer, award (A1)(ft) for the
nearest lower integer.

[1 mark]

5g. [2 marks]

Markscheme
(S8 =) 82 (2 × 45000 +(8 − 1)×(−1800)) (M1)

Note: Award (M1) for their correct substitutions in arithmetic series formula.
If a list method is used, award (M1) for the addition of their 8 correct terms.

310 000 (m3 ) (309 600) (A1)(ft)(G2)

Note: Follow through from part (c). Award at most (M1)(A0) if their final
answer is greater than 624 000.

[2 marks]

5h. [3 marks]

Markscheme
25 25
(S25 =) 2 (2 × 45000 +(25 − 1)×(−1800)) , (S25 =) 2 (45000 + 1800)
(M1)

Note: Award (M1) for their correct substitutions into arithmetic series
formula.

S25 = 585000 (m3 ) (A1)(ft)(G1)

Note: Award (M1)(A1) for correctly findingS26 = 585000 (m3 ), provided

working is shown e.g. (S26 =) 26
2 (2 × 45000 +(26 − 1)×(−1800)) ,
26
 26
(S26 =) 2 (45000 + 0). Follow through from part (c) and either their (e)(i) or
(e)(ii). If d < 0 and their final answer is greater than 624 000, award at most
(M1)(A1)(ft)(R0). If d > 0, there is no maximum, award at most (M1)(A0)
(R0). Award no marks if their number of terms is not a positive integer.

585000 (m3 )< 624000 (m3 ) (R1)

Hence it will never be filled (AG)

Note: The (AG) line must be seen. If it is omitted do not award the final (R1).
Do not follow through within the part.
For unsupported (S25 )= 585000 seen, award at most (G1)(R1)(AG). Working
must be seen to follow through from parts (c) and (e)(i) or (e)(ii).

OR

(Sn =) n (2 ×
2 45000 +(n − 1)×(−1800)) (M1)

Note: Award (M1) for their correct substitution into arithmetic series formula,
with n.

Maximum of this function 585225 (m3 ) (A1)

Note: Follow through from part (c). Award at most (M1)(A1)(ft)(R0) if their
final answer is greater than 624 000. Award at most (M1)(A0)(R0) if their
common difference is not – 1800. Award at most (M1)(A0)(R0) if 585 225 is
not explicitly identified as the maximum of the function.

585225 (m3 )< 624000 (m3 ) (R1)

Hence it will never be filled (AG)

Note: The (AG) line must be seen. If it is omitted do not award the final (R1).
Do not follow through within the part.

OR

sketch with concave down curve and labelled 624000 horizontal line
(M1)

Note: Accept a label of “tank volume” instead of a numerical value. Award

(M0) if the line and the curve intersect.

curve explicitly labelled as (Sn =) n (2 ×

2 45000 +(n − 1)×(−1800)) or
equivalent (A1)
 Note: Award (A1) for a written explanation interpreting the sketch. Accept a
comparison of values, e.g 585225 (m 3 )< 624000 (m 3 ), where 585225 is the
graphical maximum. Award at most (M1)(A0)(R0) if their common difference
is not – 1800.

the line and the curve do not intersect (R1)

hence it will never be filled (AG)

Note: The (AG) line must be seen. If it is omitted do not award the final (R1).
Do not follow through within the part.

OR

624000 = n (2 ×
2 45000 +(n − 1)×(−1800)) (M1)

Note: Award (M1) for their correctly substituted arithmetic series formula
equated to 624000 (623538).

Demonstrates there is no solution (A1)

Note: Award (A1) for a correct working that the discriminant is less than zero
OR correct working indicating there is no real solution in the quadratic
formula.

There is no (real) solution (to this equation) (R1)

hence it will never be filled (AG)

Note: At most (M1)(A0)(R0) for their correctly substituted arithmetic series

formula = 624000, 623538 or 622800 with a statement "no solution". Follow
through from their part (b).

[3 marks]

6a. [2 marks]

Markscheme
valid approach (M1)
eg 11 − 5, 11 = 5 + d
d=6 A1 N2
[2 marks]
6b. [2 marks]

Markscheme
valid approach (M1)
eg u2 − d, 5 − 6, u1 + (3 − 1) (6) = 11
u1 = −1 A1 N2
[2 marks]

6c. [2 marks]

Markscheme
correct substitution into sum formula
20 20
eg 2 (2 (−1) + 19 (6)), 2 (−1 + 113) (A1)
S20 = 1120 A1 N2
[2 marks]

7a. [2 marks]

Markscheme
valid approach (M1)
, 2.226
u1
eg u2 2.1 , 2.226 = 2.1r
r = 1.06 (exact) A1 N2
[2 marks]

7b. [2 marks]

Markscheme
correct substitution (A1)
eg 2.1 × 1.069
3.54790 A1 N2
u10 = 3.55
[2 marks]
7c. [3 marks]

Markscheme
correct substitution into Sn formula (A1)
2.1(1.06n−1) 2.1(1.06n−1)
eg 1.06−1
, 1.06−1
> 5543, 2.1 (1.06n − 1) = 332.58, sketch of
Sn and y = 5543
correct inequality for
n or crossover values A1
eg n > 87.0316, S87 = 5532.73 and S88 = 5866.79
n = 88 A1 N2
[3 marks]
8. [7 marks]

Markscheme
* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain
minor differences in marking or structure.
use of at least one “log rule” applied correctly for the first equation M1
log2 6x = log2 2 + 2 log2 y
= log2 2 + log2 y 2
= log2 (2y 2 )
⇒ 6x = 2y 2 A1
use of at least one “log rule” applied correctly for the second equation M1
log6 (15y − 25) = 1 + log6 x
= log6 6 + log6 x
= log6 6x
⇒ 15y − 25 = 6x A1
attempt to eliminate x (or y) from their two equations M1
2y 2 = 15y − 25
2y 2 − 15y + 25 = 0
(2y − 5) (y − 5) = 0
25 5
x= 12 , y = 2 , A1

or x = 253
,y=5 A1
Note: x, y values do not have to be “paired” to gain either of the final two A
marks.
[7 marks]
9. [2 marks]

Markscheme
recognition that 225 terms of wn consists of 113 non-zero terms (M1)
113 112
∑ ∑
eg 1 , 0 , 113
1
∑
m = 112 (accept k=0 124 × rk ; r may be incorrect) A1 N2
[2 marks]

10a. [3 marks]

Markscheme
* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain
minor differences in marking or structure.
1.042 × 880 × 1.25 OR (880 + 0.042 × 880) × 1.25 (M1)(M1)
Note: Award (M1) for multiplying 880 by 1.042 and (M1) for multiplying 880
by 1.25.
1150 (CAD) (1146.20 (CAD)) (A1)(G2)
Note: Accept 1146.2 (CAD)
[3 marks]

10b. [3 marks]

Markscheme
704 563.20
880
OR 704
(M1)
Note: Award (M1) for correctly dividing sequential terms to find the common
ratio, or 0.8 seen.
880(0.8)5−1 (M1)
Note: Award (M1) for correct substitution into geometric sequence formula.
360.45 (USD) (A1)(G3)
Note: Do not award the final (A1) if the answer is not correct to 2 decimal
places. Award at most (M0)(M1)(A0) if r = 1.25 .
[3 marks]
10c. [2 marks]

Markscheme
880(0.8)n−1 < 50 (M1)
Note: Award (M1) for correct substitution into geometric sequence formula
and (in)equating to 50. Accept weak or strict inequalities. Accept an equation.
Follow through from their common ratio in part (b). Accept a sketch of their GP
with y = 50 as a valid method.
OR
u13 = 60.473 AND u14 = 48.379 (M1)
Note: Award (M1) for their u13 and u14 both seen. If the student states
u14 = 48.379 < 50, without u13 = 60.473 seen, this is not sufficient to award
(M1).
14 or “14th year” or “after the 13th year” (A1)(ft)(G2)
Note: The context of the question requires the final answer to be an integer.
Award at most (M1)(A0) for a final answer of 13.9 years. Follow through from
their 0.8 in part (b).
[2 marks]

10d. [3 marks]

Markscheme
5
2 ((2 × 120) + (−3.5 (5 − 1))) (M1)(A1)
Note: Award (M1) for substitution into arithmetic series formula, (A1) for
correct substitution.
565 (USD) (A1)(G2)
[3 marks]
10e. [3 marks]

Markscheme
2019 is the 12th year/term (M1)
Note: Award (M1) for 12 seen.
75.59 (value of bicycle) AND 81.5 (cost of insurance policy) (A1)(ft)
Note: Award (A1) for both sequences’ 12th term seen. The value of the
bicycle will follow through from their common ratio in part (b). Do not award
(M0)(A1).
the cost of the insurance policy is greater than the value of the bicycle
(R1)(ft)
Note: Award (R1)(ft) for a reason consistent with their cost of insurance
policy and their value of the bicycle. Follow through within this part. Award
(R0) if the correct values are not explicitly seen. Accept the following
contextualized reasons: “the insurance is not worth it", "the values are too
close", "insurance is as much as the value of the bike", but only if their cost of
insurance is greater than the value of the bicycle.
OR
75.59 < 81.5 (R1)(ft)
Note: Award (R1)(ft) for a correct numerical comparison showing their cost of
insurance policy is greater than their value of the bicycle. Follow through
within this part.
[3 marks]

11a. [2 marks]

Markscheme
correct substitution (A1)
300 300 300
eg 2 (1.3 + 31.2) , 2 [2 (1.3) + (300 − 1) (0.1)] , 2 [2.6 + 299 (0.1)]
Sk = 4875 A1 N2
[2 marks]
11b. [5 marks]

Markscheme
recognizing need to find the sequence of multiples of 3 (seen anywhere)
(M1)
eg first term is u3 (= 1.5) (accept notation u1 = 1.5 ) ,
d = 0.1 × 3 (= 0.3) , 100 terms (accept n = 100), last term is 31.2
u100 = 31.2) , u3 + u6 + u9 + … (accept
(accept notation
F = u3 + u6 + u9 + …)
correct working for sum of sequence where n is a multiple of 3 A2
100
2 (1.5 + 31.2) , 50 (2 × 1.5 + 99 × 0.3) , 1635
valid approach (seen anywhere) (M1)
100
eg Sk − (u3 + u6 + …) , Sk − 2 (1.5 + 31.2) , Sk − (their sum for
(u3 + u6 + …))
correct working (seen anywhere) A1
eg Sk − 1635 , 4875 − 1635
F = 3240 AG N0
[5 marks]
11c. [5 marks]

Markscheme
attempt to find r (M1)

eg dividing consecutive terms

correct value of r (seen anywhere, including in formula)

1 a
eg , 0.707106… ,
√2 0.293…

correct working (accept equation) (A1)

eg a < 3240
1− 1
√2

correct working A1

METHOD 1 (analytical)

eg 3240 × (1 − ),
1
√2
a < 948.974 , 948.974

METHOD 2 (using table, must find both S∞ values)

eg when a = 948 , S∞ = 3236.67 … AND when a = 949 , S∞ = 3240.08 …

a = 948 A1 N2

[5 marks]

12a. [3 marks]

Markscheme
* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain
minor differences in marking or structure.
u4 = u1 r3 ⇒ −2.916 = 4r3 (A1)
solving, r = −0.9 (M1)A1

[3 marks]
12b. [2 marks]

Markscheme
4
S∞ = 1−(−9)
(M1)
40
= 19
(= 2.11) A1

[2 marks]

13. [6 marks]

Markscheme
* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain
minor differences in marking or structure.

(ln x)2 − (ln 2) (ln x) − 2(ln 2)2 (= 0)

EITHER
ln 2±√(ln 2)2+8(ln 2)2
ln x = 2 M1

= ln 2±3 ln 2 A1
2
OR
(ln x − 2 ln 2) (ln x + 2 ln 2) (= 0) M1A1
THEN
ln x = 2 ln 2 or −ln 2 A1
1
⇒ x = 4 or x = 2 (M1)A1
Note: (M1) is for an appropriate use of a log law in either case, dependent on
the previous M1 being awarded, A1 for both correct answers.
solution is 12 <x<4 A1
[6 marks]
14. [2 marks]

Markscheme
* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain
minor differences in marking or structure.
METHOD 1

(= 2 logr xr )
logr x log
logr2 x = logr r2
M1A1
r

logr x
= 2 AG
[2 marks]

METHOD 2
1
logr2 x = logx r2
M1
1
= 2 logx r
A1

logr x
= 2 AG
[2 marks]

15a. [4 marks]

Markscheme
* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain
minor differences in marking or structure.
valid approach to find maxima (M1)
eg one correct value of xk, sketch of f
any two correct consecutive values of xk (A1)(A1)
eg x1 = 1, x2 = 5
a=4 A1 N3
[4 marks]
15b. [4 marks]

Markscheme
recognizing the sequence x1, x2, x3, …, xn is arithmetic (M1)
eg d = 4
correct expression for sum (A1)
eg n2 (2 (1) + 4 (n − 1))
valid attempt to solve for n (M1)
eg graph, 2n2 − n − 861 = 0
n = 21 A1 N2
[4 marks]

16a. [3 marks]

Markscheme
* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain
minor differences in marking or structure.
valid approach (M1)
eg one correct value
−0.453620, 6.14210
a = −0.454, b = 6.14 A1A1 N3
[3 marks]

16b. [3 marks]

Markscheme
correct substitution (A1)
eg −0.454 ln 3.57 + 6.14
correct working (A1)
eg ln y = 5.56484
261.083 (260.409 from 3 sf)
y = 261, (y = 260 from 3sf) A1 N3
Note: If no working shown, award N1 for 5.56484.
If no working shown, award N2 for ln y = 5.56484.
[3 marks]
16c. [7 marks]

Markscheme
METHOD 1
valid approach for expressing ln y in terms of ln x (M1)
eg ln y = ln (kxn ) , ln (kxn ) = a ln x + b
correct application of addition rule for logs (A1)
eg ln k + ln (xn )
correct application of exponent rule for logs A1
eg ln k + n ln x
comparing one term with regression equation (check FT) (M1)
eg n = a, b = ln k
correct working for k (A1)
eg ln k = 6.14210, k = e6.14210
465.030
n = −0.454, k = 465 (464 from 3sf) A1A1 N2N2

METHOD 2
valid approach (M1)
eg eln y = ea ln x+b
correct use of exponent laws for ea ln x+b (A1)
eg ea ln x × eb
correct application of exponent rule for a ln x (A1)
eg ln xa
correct equation in y A1
eg y = xa × eb
comparing one term with equation of model (check FT) (M1)
eg k = eb , n = a
465.030
n = −0.454, k = 465 (464 from 3sf) A1A1 N2N2

METHOD 3
valid approach for expressing ln y in terms of ln x (seen anywhere) (M1)
eg ln y = ln (kxn ) , ln (kxn ) = a ln x + b
 correct application of exponent rule for logs (seen anywhere) (A1)
eg ln (xa ) + b
correct working for b (seen anywhere) (A1)
eg b = ln (eb )
correct application of addition rule for logs A1
eg ln (eb xa )
comparing one term with equation of model (check FT) (M1)
eg k = eb , n = a
465.030
n = −0.454, k = 465 (464 from 3sf) A1A1 N2N2
[7 marks]

17. [3 marks]

Markscheme
1471 + (n − 1)(−32) > 0 (M1)
⇒ n < 1471
32
+1
n < 46.96… (A1)
so 46 positive terms A1
[3 marks]
18a. [3 marks]

Markscheme
* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain
minor differences in marking or structure.
EITHER
2019: 2500 × 0.93 + 250 = 2575 (M1)A1
2020: 2575 × 0.93 + 250 M1
OR
2020: 2500 × 0.932 + 250(0.93 + 1) M1M1A1
Note: Award M1 for starting with 2500, M1 for multiplying by 0.93 and
adding 250 twice. A1 for correct expression. Can be shown in recursive form.
THEN
(= 2644.75) = 2645 AG
[3 marks]

18b. [5 marks]

Markscheme
2020: 2500 × 0.932 + 250(0.93 + 1)
2042: 2500 × 0.9324 + 250(0.9323 + 0.9322 + … + 1) (M1)(A1)
24
(0.93 −1)
= 2500 × 0.9324 + 250 (0.93−1)
(M1)(A1)

=3384 A1
Note: If recursive formula used, award M1 for un = 0.93 un−1 and u0 or
u1 seen (can be awarded if seen in part (a)). Then award M1A1 for attempt to
find u24 or u25 respectively (different term if other than 2500 used) (M1A0 if
incorrect term is being found) and A2 for correct answer.
Note: Accept all answers that round to 3380.
[5 marks]
19. [9 marks]

Markscheme
recognizing infinite geometric series with squares (M1)
2
eg k2 + k4 + k6 + … , k
1−k2
9
correct substitution into S∞ = 16
(must substitute into formula) (A2)
k2 9
eg
1−k2
= 16
correct working (A1)
9
eg 16k2 = 9 − 9k2 , 25k2 = 9, k2 = 25
3
k= 5
(seen anywhere) A1
valid approach with segments and CD (may be seen earlier) (M1)
eg r = k, S∞ = b
correct expression for b in terms of k (may be seen earlier) (A1)
∞
∑
k
eg b = 1−
k
, b = n=1 kn , b = k + k2 + k3 + …
substituting their value of k into their formula for b (M1)
3 ( 35 )
eg 5
,
1− 35 ( 25 )

3
b= 2 A1 N3
[9 marks]
20. [5 marks]

Markscheme
* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain
minor differences in marking or structure.
log2 (x + 3) + log2 (x − 3) = 4
log2 (x2 − 9) = 4 (M1)

x2 − 9 = 24 (= 16) M1A1
x2 = 25
x = ±5 (A1)
x = 5 A1
[5 marks]

21a. [3 marks]

Markscheme
* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain
minor differences in marking or structure.
150000 × 1.03520 (M1)(A1)
= $298468 A1

Note: Only accept answers to the nearest dollar. Accept $298469.

[3 marks]
21b. [3 marks]

Markscheme
attempt to look for a pattern by considering 1 year, 2 years etc (M1)
recognising a geometric series with first term P and common ratio 1.02
(M1)
EITHER
P + 1.02P + … + 1.0219 P (= P (1 + 1.02 + … + 1.0219 )) A1
OR
explicitly identify u1 = P , r = 1.02 and n = 20 (may be seen as S20 ). A1
THEN
(1.0220−1)P
s20 = (1.02−1)
AG

[3 marks]

21c. [3 marks]

Markscheme
24.297 … P = 298468 (M1)(A1)
P = 12284 A1

Note: Accept answers which round to 12284.

[3 marks]
21d. [3 marks]

Markscheme
METHOD 1
Q(1.028n ) = 5000(1 + 1.028 + 1.0282 + 1.0283 + … + 1.028n−1 ) M1A1
5000(1+1.028+1.0282+1.0283+...+1.028n−1)
Q= 1.028n
A1
5000 5000 5000
= 1.028
+ +…+ AG
1.0282 1.028n

METHOD 2
5000
the initial value of the first withdrawal is 1.028 A1

the initial value of the second withdrawal is 50002 R1

1.028
5000 5000
the investment required for these two withdrawals is 1.028 + R1
1.0282
5000 5000 5000
Q= 1.028
+ +…+ AG
1.0282 1.028n

[3 Marks]

21e. [3 marks]

Markscheme
5000
1.028
sum to infinity is 1 (M1)(A1)
1− 1.028

= 178571.428 …
so minimum amount is $178572 A1

Note: Accept answers which round to $178571 or $178572.

[3 Marks]
22. [3 marks]

Markscheme
* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain
minor differences in marking or structure.
correct use log xn = n log x A1
eg 16 ln x
valid approach to find r (M1)
8
eg
un+1
un
, lnlnxx16 , 48 ln x,
ln x
ln x4 = ln x16 × r2
1
r= 2 A1 N2
[3 marks]

23a. [2 marks]

Markscheme
* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain
minor differences in marking or structure.
162 54
486
OR 162 (M1)

Note: Award (M1) for dividing any un+1 by un .

1
= 3
(0.333, 0.333333 …) (A1) (C2)
[2 marks]
23b. [2 marks]

Markscheme
n−1
486( 13 ) =2 (M1)

Note: Award (M1) for their correct substitution into geometric sequence
formula.

n=6 (A1)(ft) (C2)

Note: Follow through from part (a).

Award (A1)(A0) for u6 = 2 or u6 with or without working.

[2 marks]

23c. [2 marks]

Markscheme
486(1− 13 )
30

S30 = 1− 13
(M1)

Note: Award (M1) for correct substitution into geometric series formula.

= 729 (A1)(ft) (C2)

[2 marks]
24a. [3 marks]

Markscheme
* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain
minor differences in marking or structure.
4 + 3(n − 1) = 52 (M1)(A1)

Note: Award (M1) for substitution into the formula of the nth term of an
arithmetic sequence, (A1) for correct substitution.

n = 17 (A1) (C3)
[3 marks]

24b. [3 marks]

Markscheme
24
2 (2 × 4 + 23 × 3)OR 24
2 (4 + 73) (M1)(A1)(ft)

Notes: Award (M1) for substitution into the sum of the first n terms of an
arithmetic sequence formula, (A1)(ft) for their correct substitution, consistent
with part (a).

924 (A1)(ft) (C3)

Note: Follow through from part (a).

[3 marks]

25a. [1 mark]

Markscheme
* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain
minor differences in marking or structure.
1
2 (0.5) (A1) (C1)
[1 mark]
25b. [2 marks]

Markscheme
4
18 × ( 12 ) (M1)

Note: Award (M1) for their correct substitution into the geometric
sequence formula. Accept a list of their five correct terms.

9
1.125 (1.13, 8
) (A1)(ft) (C2)

Note: Follow through from their common ratio from part (a).

[2 marks]

25c. [3 marks]

Markscheme
n−1
18 × ( 12 ) < 10−3 (M1)(M1)

Notes: Award (M1) for their correct substitution into the geometric
sequence formula with a variable in the exponent, (M1) for comparing their
expression with 10−3 ( 1000
1
).
Accept an equation.

n = 16 (A1)(ft) (C3)

Note: Follow through from their common ratio from part (a). “n” must be a
positive integer for the (A1) to be awarded.

[3 marks]
26. [4 marks]

Markscheme
* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain
minor differences in marking or structure.
log2 x − log2 5 = 2 + log2 3
collecting at least two log terms (M1)
eglog 2 x5 = 2 + log 2 3 or log 2 15
x =2

obtaining a correct equation without logs (M1)

x = 22
eg x5 = 12OR 15 (A1)
x = 60 A1
[4 marks]

27a. [4 marks]

Markscheme
* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain
minor differences in marking or structure.
use of un = u1 + (n − 1)d M1
(1 + 2d)2 = (1 + d)(1 + 5d) (or equivalent) M1A1
d = −2 A1
[4 marks]

27b. [3 marks]

Markscheme
1 + (N − 1) × −2 = −15
N = 9 (A1)
9
∑
r=1 ur = 92 (2 + 8 × −2) (M1)
= −63 A1
[3 marks]
28a. [4 marks]

Markscheme
* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain
minor differences in marking or structure.
EITHER
the first three terms of the geometric sequence are 9, 9r and 9r2 (M1)
9 + 3d = 9r(⇒ 3 + d = 3r) and 9 + 7d = 9r2 (A1)
attempt to solve simultaneously (M1)
2
9 + 7d = 9( 3+3 d )
OR
the 1st , 4th and 8th terms of the arithmetic sequence are
9, 9 + 3d, 9 + 7d (M1)
9+7d 9+3d
9+3d
= 9
(A1)

attempt to solve (M1)

THEN
d=1 A1
[4 marks]

28b. [1 mark]

Markscheme
4
r= 3
A1

Note: Accept answers where a candidate obtains d by finding r first. The

first two marks in either method for part (a) are awarded for the same ideas
and the third mark is awarded for attempting to solve an equation in r.

[1 mark]
29. [6 marks]

Markscheme
* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain
minor differences in marking or structure.
attempt to find r (M1)
576
eg 768
, 768
576
, 0.75
correct expression for un (A1)
eg 768(0.75)n−1
EITHER (solving inequality)
valid approach (accept equation) (M1)
eg un < 7
valid approach to find n M1
7
eg 768(0.75)n−1 = 7, n − 1 > log 0.75 ( 768 ), sketch
correct value
eg n = 17.3301 (A1)
n = 18 (must be an integer) A1 N2
OR (table of values)
valid approach (M1)
eg un > 7, one correct crossover value
both crossover values, u17 = 7.69735 and u18 = 5.77301 A2
n = 18 (must be an integer) A1 N2
OR (sketch of functions)
valid approach M1
eg sketch of appropriate functions
valid approach (M1)
eg finding intersections or roots (depending on function sketched)
correct value
eg n = 17.3301 (A1)
n = 18 (must be an integer) A1 N2
[6 marks]
30. [5 marks]

Markscheme
* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain
minor differences in marking or structure.
1
log10 (p + 2q) = 12 (log10 p + log10 q)
2√2
1
log10 (p + 2q) = 12 log10 pq (M1)
2√2
1
1
log10 (p + 2q) = log10 (pq) 2 (M1)
2√2
1
1
(p + 2q) = (pq) 2 (A1)
2√2

(p + 2q)2 = 8pq
p2 + 4pq + 4q 2 = 8pq
p2 − 4pq + 4q 2 = 0
(p − 2q)2 = 0 M1
hence p = 2q A1
[5 marks]
31. [5 marks]

Markscheme
* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain
minor differences in marking or structure.
attempt to form a quadratic in 2x M1
(2x )2 + 4 ∙ 2x − 3 = 0 A1

(= −2 ± √7)
−4±√16+12
2x = 2 M1

2x = −2 + √7 (as − 2 − √7 < 0) R1

x = log2 (−2 + √7) (x = )

ln(−2+√7)
ln 2
A1

Note: Award R0 A1 if final answer is x = log2 (−2 + √7).

[5 marks]
32. [4 marks]

Markscheme
* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain
minor differences in marking or structure.
METHOD 1
m − n log3 2 = 10 log9 6
m − n log3 2 = 5 log3 6 M1
m = log3 (65 2n ) (M1)
3m 2− n = 65 = 35 × 25 (M1)
m = 5, n = −5 A1

Note: First M1 is for any correct change of base, second M1 for writing as
a single logarithm, third M1 is for writing 6 as 2 × 3.

METHOD 2
m − n log3 2 = 10 log9 6
m − n log3 2 = 5 log3 6 M1
m − n log3 2 = 5 log3 3 + 5 log3 2 (M1)
m − n log3 2 = 5 + 5 log3 2 (M1)
m = 5, n = −5 A1

Note: First M1 is for any correct change of base, second M1 for writing 6
as 2 × 3 and third M1 is for forming an expression without log 3 3.

[4 marks]
33a. [2 marks]

Markscheme
* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain
minor differences in marking or structure.
valid approach (M1)
eg1.5 − 0.3, 1.5 − 2.7, 2.7 = 0.3 + 2d
d = 1.2 A1 N2
[2 marks]

33b. [2 marks]

Markscheme
correct substitution into term formula (A1)
eg0.3 + 1.2(30 − 1), u30 = 0.3 + 29(1.2)
u30 = 35.1 A1 N2
[2 marks]

33c. [2 marks]

Markscheme
correct substitution into sum formula (A1)
egS30 = 30 30
2 (0.3 + 35.1), 2 (2(0.3) + 29(1.2))
S30 = 531 A1 N2
[2 marks]
34. [6 marks]

Markscheme
* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain
minor differences in marking or structure.
ar + ar2 = 96 A1
Note: Award A1 for any valid equation involving a and r, eg,
a(1−r3)
1−r
− a = 96.
a = 500 A1
1−r
EITHER
attempting to eliminate a to obtain 500r(1 − r2 ) = 96 (or equivalent in
unsimplified form) (M1)
OR
96
attempting to obtain a= r+r2
and a = 500(1 − r) (M1)

THEN
attempting to solve for r (M1)

r = 0.2 (= 15 ) or r = 0.885 (= )
√97−1
10
A1A1

[6 marks]

35a. [3 marks]

Markscheme
* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain
minor differences in marking or structure.
(i)-(iii) given the three roots α, β, γ, we have
x3 + px2 + qx + c = (x − α)(x − β)(x − γ) M1
= (x2 − (α + β)x + αβ) (x − γ) A1

= x3 − (α + β + γ)x2 + (αβ + βγ + γα)x − αβγ A1

comparing coefficients:
p = −(α + β + γ) AG
q = (αβ + βγ + γα) AG
c = −αβγ AG
[3 marks]
35b. [5 marks]

Markscheme
METHOD 1
(i) Given −α − β − γ = −6
And αβ + βγ + γα = 18
Let the three roots be α, β, γ
So β − α = γ − β M1
or 2β = α + γ
Attempt to solve simultaneous equations: M1
β + 2β = 6 A1
β = 2 AG
(ii) α+γ=4
2α + 2γ + αγ = 18
⇒ γ 2 − 4γ + 10 = 0
4±i√24
⇒γ= 2 (A1)

c = −αβγ = − ( )( 2 )2
4+i√24 4−i√24
Therefore 2 = −20 A1

METHOD 2
(i) let the three roots be α, α − d, α + d M1
adding roots M1
to give 3α = 6 A1
α=2 AG
(ii) α is a root, so 23 − 6 × 22 + 18 × 2 + c = 0 M1
8 − 24 + 36 + c = 0
c = −20 A1
METHOD 3
(i) let the three roots be α, α − d, α + d M1
adding roots M1
to give 3α = 6 A1
α = 2 AG
(ii) q = 18 = 2(2 − d) + (2 − d)(2 + d) + 2(2 + d) M1
d 2 = −6 ⇒ d = √6i
⇒ c = −20 A1
 [5 marks]

35c. [6 marks]

Markscheme
METHOD 1
Given −α − β − γ = −6
And αβ + βγ + γα = 18
Let the three roots be α, β, γ.
β γ
So α = β
M1

or β 2 = αγ
Attempt to solve simultaneous equations: M1
αβ + γβ + β 2 = 18
β(α + β + γ) = 18
6β = 18
β = 3 A1
9
α + γ = 3, α = γ

⇒ γ 2 − 3γ + 9 = 0
3±i√27
⇒γ= 2 (A1)(A1)

c = −αβγ = − ( ) ( )3
3+i√27 3−i√27
Therefore 2 2 = −27 A1

METHOD 2
let the three roots be a, ar, ar2 M1
attempt at substitution of a, ar, ar2 and p and q into equations from (a)
M1
6 = a + ar + ar2 (= a(1 + r + r2 )) A1

18 = a2 r + a2 r3 + a2 r2 (= a2 r(1 + r + r2 )) A1
therefore 3 = ar A1
therefore c = −a3 r3 = −33 = −27 A1
[6 marks]
Total [14 marks]
36a. [2 marks]

Markscheme
* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain
minor differences in marking or structure.
(i) S1 = 7 (A1)
(ii) S2 = 16 (A1)

36b. [1 mark]

Markscheme
(u2 =) 16 − 7 = 9 (M1)(AG)
Note: Award (M1) for subtracting 7 from 16. The 9 must be seen.

OR
16 − 7 − 7 = 2
(u2 =) 7 + (2 − 1)(2) = 9 (M1)(AG)
Note: Award (M1) for subtracting twice 7 from 16 and for correct substitution
in correct arithmetic sequence formula.
The 9 must be seen.
Do not accept: 9 − 7 = 2, u2 = 7 + (2 − 1)(2) = 9.

36c. [2 marks]

Markscheme
u1 = 7 (A1)(ft)
d = 2 (= 9 − 7) (A1)(ft)(G2)
Notes: Follow through from their S1 in part (a)(i).
 36d. [2 marks]

Markscheme
7 + 2 × (10 − 1) (M1)
Note: Award (M1) for correct substitution in the correct arithmetic sequence
formula. Follow through from their parts (a)(i) and (c).

= 25 (A1)(ft)(G2)
Note: Award (A1)(ft) for their correct tenth term.

36e. [3 marks]

Markscheme
7 + 2 × (n − 1) > 1000 (A1)(ft)(M1)

Note: Award (A1)(ft) for their correct expression for the nth term, (M1) for
comparing their expression to 1000. Accept an equation. Follow through from
their parts (a)(i) and (c).

n = 498 (A1)(ft)(G2)
Notes: Answer must be a natural number.

36f. [2 marks]

Markscheme
6n + n2 = 1512 OR n (14 +
2 2(n − 1)) = 1512 OR
Sn = 1512 OR 7 + 9 + … + un = 1512 (M1)
Notes: Award (M1) for equating the sum of the first n terms to 1512. Accept
a sum of at least the first 7 correct terms.

n = 36 (A1)(G2)
Note: If n = 36 is seen without working, award (G2). Award a maximum of
(M1)(A0) if −42 is also given as a solution.

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