An Etymological

Dictionary of

Pre-Thirteenth-Century

Turkish

__________________________________________________________________

SIR GERARD CLAUSON

OXFORD
AT THE CLARENDON PRESS
1972
 PREFACE
I . In the first two chapters of T;rrkish and Mongolian Studies, Royal Asiatic
Society I'rize Publication I:u;ld, :d. X X , London, 1962 (hereafter referred to
as Studies), I gave a brief slictch of the history of the Turkish peoples and of
their languages from the carlicst period (the eighth century AD.) at which they
become directly krpwn to us down to the medieval period, and attempted to
identify and name the various dialects and ianguages which evolved during that
period.

2. T h e broad thesis of this sketch was that a unitary Turkish language,

which was not genetically connected with any other language known to us,
and specifically not connected genetically with the Mongolian and Tungus
languages, took shape, almost certainly in the steppe country to the west
and north of the Great Wall of China, at some date which we cannot now
determine, but certainly long before the start of the Christian era; that this
i t two main branches, 'standard Turkish' and 'i/r
unitary language s ~ ~ l into
Turkish', not later than, and perhaps before, the beginning of the Christian era;
and that during the first millennium A.D. standard Turkish slowly broke up into
two or three dialects, which soon became independent languages. No substantial
early texts of any form of I/r Turkish have survived, but there are in Chinese
historical works a few words of T a v g a ~the
, language of the Turkish tribe called
by the Chinese T'o-pa, who were the ruling element in the Chinese Northern,
or Yiian, Wei dynasty (A.D. 386-535), and there are some Turkish loan-words
in Mongolian and Hungarian which were almost certainly borrowed from an
l/r language, by the Mongols probahly in the fifth or sixth centuries, and bv the
Hungarians probably in the ninth. The slight remains of Proto-Bulgar arc in L
similar language and so too are a few funerary inscriptions of the Volga Bl;!gars
of the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. The material is, however, very scanty
and I have made only a few references herein to words in Ilr Turkish, and those
mainly where the only surviving I/r language, Chuvash (Cuv.), throws light on
the phonetic structure of individual standard Turkish words. These citations
are from N. I. Ashmarin, Thesaurzu lingziae Tschuvaschorum, 17 vols., Kazan-
Cheboksary, 1928-50, cited as Ash. followed by the volume and page.

3. As I pointed out in Studies,p. 53, an essential basis for any scientific of

the comparcilivc etymology of the Turkish languages is a list of ail genuine
Turkish words which sic krinwn tn lxve existed before the variws .i~edkval
Turkish languages were subjected to a mxss ini*asi:ii ef loan-wcrds froin the
l a n g ~ of~ the
~ ~ foreigr:
s pcopies (mainly Arrtbs, Iraniars, and later Mongols)
wit5 5'k.h the 'Turkish peoples then came into contact. T h e present work con-
tainj'jr~stsuch a iisi. 1 have rndzavoured to include in it all the words known
existed in the earliest known standard Turkish languages, that is Tiirku,
 Uygnr, includmg Uy&lr-A, Old Kir&z, XZkSni, Okuz, I<~pr;ak,ancl somr minor
dialects, prior to the hIongolian ~nvasionat the hcyinnirig of the thirteenth
century, excluding, except in a few special mscs, v;ords lwrro~vcclt l i r c ~ l yor
indirectly from the Indian, Iranian, and Semitic languages. All references to
'early Turkish' and 'the early period' relate to the 'I'urkish languagcs as w r know
them in the eighth to twelfth centuries inclusive.

4. One of the special characteristics of the Turkish languagcs is the manner in

which derived words are constructed from the basic words of the language by
a process of attaching suffixes to them. I t is important, therefore, not merely to
compile a bare list of thcsc early words and their meanings, Out also to indicate
what kind of words they are (nouns, verbs, ad\.crIx, etc.), verbs being distin-
guislled from the rcst bp the attachment of a hyphen, e.g. at (noun) 'a horse',
at- (vcrb) 'to throw', and in addition, in the case of derived words, to analyse
their structure and indicate from what basic words they were derived, since this
often explains their semantic evolution. T h i s is all thc more important since,
even at the earliest date at which it becomes known to us, 'Turkish had already
had a long history, in the course of which some basic words had already become
obsolete, leaving thc words derived from them, so to speak, 'in the air', with no
obvious origin; on this point sec, for example, Studies, pp. 140 ff. I n giving these
morphological explanations I have used thc grammatical termi~~ology customary
among English scholars of Turkish, eschewing t h e new terminologies which are
now taking shape in some academic circles.

5 . My second purpose has becn to establish the original m e a n i n p of all words

in the list and trace their subsequent semantic evolution by illustrating each
word by a quotation, or series of quotations, of passages in early texts in which
they occur. For this purpose I have examincd all the surviving texts in the
languages enumerated above to which 1 have hren able to obtnin access. Thcse
tests are enumerated in paras. 20-6 below.
6. 'I'he only words which have been includcd in the list without at least one such
quotation are a few which can first be traced in an actual Turkish text only in
the medieval period, that is during the thirteenth to sixteenth centuries inclusive,
hut which dcmonstrahly existed at an earlier period for such reasons as that
they exist hoth in standard Turkish and in Chuvash (in a distinctive form i
peculiar to that language) so that they must already have existed before the split
between standard and Iir Turkish, or that words derived from them are attested
in the early period, or that they occur as loan-words in foreign languayes in
forms which indicate that they must have been bvrrowed in, or before, the early
perittd. T h e texts which have survived from the early period are of course only
a fraction of those which once existed and there are no doubt other words which
existed in the early period but d o not happrn to occur in the texts which hake
survived. Some of these words occur in medieval tcxts or still exist in n d e r n
'rurkish languages, but I have not attempted t o identify and include thetrr in the
list, since the evidence that they were really early words is lackmg.
 PREFACE vii

7. A surprisingly large number of early words are hapax legomena (Hap. leg.),
that is, occrronly once, and have not so far been discovered elsewhere; they have,
however, lxen included in the list because they seem to he genuine Turkish
words and may later be discovered elsewhere; but the fact that they are Hap.
leg, makes it impossible to determine whether they are correctly transcribed.
Properly speaking the term implies one single occurrence, but it has been
stretched to include verbs listed in K g , with an enumeration of the Perf., Aor.,
and Infin. forms, since experience shows that if a word is mis-spelt in the Perf.
it may also be mis-s elt in the Aor. and Infin.
P
8. When an early word has survived into the medieval period, I have also added
a selection of quotations from the texts enumerated in paras. 27-52. and when
it still survives in one or more modern languages I have usually recorded this
fact also. 'There are two reasons for doing this: the first is that evidence of this
kind is often required to fix the exact meaning and pronunciation of the word in
the early period; the second is that, as I understand it, the main purpose of
compiling a dictionary of this kind is not only to help students to read and under-
stand the meaning of early texts, but also to provide a solid basis for the etymo-
logical dictionaries of medieval and modern Turkish languages which are now
being compiled or will be compiled in future. I must, however, make it clear that
my quotations from medieval texts and enumerations of modern languages in
which a word survives do not profess to be as comprehensive as the quotations
from early texts.

THIS S Y S T E M O F ' I ' R A N S C R I P T I O N

9. T h e problems of transcribing early Turkish texts are discussed at length in
Studies, Chap. 3 and elsewhere, and it is unnecessary to cover the whole ground
again. There is, of course, no means of discovering exactly how Turkish was
pronounced between 900 and 1200 years ago; the alphabets employed are all to
a greater or less degree unscientific; the most that can be achieved is a broad
system of transcription which will give an approximate idea of the pronunciation
of the words concerned in the languages enumerated in para. 3. T h e transcription
alphabet which I suggested in Stzdies and which is used here can best be de-
scribed as the official alphabet of the Turkish Republic with one minor modi-
fication (regarding the use of g and 8 ) and a few extra letters to represent sounds
which either do ndt exist in Repubiican Turkish (Rep. Turkish) or, if they exist,
are not represented by a distinctive letter. This alphabet was selected on the
basis that the phonetic structure of early Turkish was probably much the same
as that of Rep. Turkish, apart from certain sounds for which special letters have
been provided. These sounds can be tabulated as follows:

10. Vowels. There are four back and five front vowels, all of which may be
either short or long. The only additional letter is C fcr close e, 2 wund which
viii PREFACE
certainly existed in early Turkish and still survives at any ratc in some dialects
of Rep. Turkish.
short a i o u

short e C i ii ii
Front
long e: c: i: 6: G :
These are arranged, \vhcn circurnstanccs d c n ~ a n dit, in the frrllouing order:
a , a:, e, e:, C, C:, 1, I:, i , i:, o, o:, U , U:, 0 , G : , ii, ii:; note that U, U: precede
S, S:. l ' h e round vowels represent a range of sounds nhich merge irnper-
ceptibly into one another in the various languages.
I n most, but not all, modern languages the vowels o and S occur only in first
syllables of words, hut there is good evidence, which I assembled in 'Three Notes
on Early Turkish', Kirk Dili Ara$rrninlart Y t l I ~ j1966, ~ , pp. I ff., that they were
also used in the second and later syllables of many words in early Turkish. This
evidence is, however, too fragmentary and impcrfect, and in some cases too
inconsistent, to justify restoring such spellings at the beginning of all the entries
concerned. I have therefore entered all thcsc ~vr)rtisin the conventional spelling
with u/ii in the second and later syllables. Where there is good evidence in
regard to individual words that these vowels were originally 010 I h a w entered
these spellings in brackets, e.g. torii: (torii:), but I must emphasize that these
sounds occurred in far more words than are singled out for this treatment, for
example, in all words with the Suffix - u k / - i i k (-ok/-iik).

I I . Cotzsotrants. T h e conclusion reached in Stzrdies was that thc sounds which

existed in early 'Turkish can he tabulated as follows, c. representing voiced and
U. unvoiced sounds:

Semi-
Plosive Fricative Nasal Affricate Sibilant vowel
--v---

. Ii. v. I/. . 2'. 11. er. 11. 2:.

Labial b P v (f) m . (W)

Dental d t d 11 z S
Denti-palatal - C F
Palatal I1 (i) S Y
Post-palatal g k ? !l
Yelar
I
? k g s g

Liquids ( v . ) l r (Aspirate (11.) h)

T h e post-palatal sounds occur only in association with front vowels and the
velar sounds only in association with hack vowels, so only one letter, k , is
required to represent both unvoiced plosives. l'he unvoiced labial fricative f
probably did not exist in early Turkish as an independent sound, but seems to
 PREFACE ix
have arisen as a secondary form of v in association with some unvoiced sounds.
T h e voiced palatal sibilant probably did not exist as an independent sound in
early Turkish, but is noted as a secondary sound in one or two words containing
q, e.g. qoj- probably for qoz-. It also occurred in a few Sogdian loan-words,
e.g. a:ju:n, and a few other words, e.g. iijme:, which are probably, but not
demonstrably, Sogdian loan-words. 'The labial semi-vowel W was not a native
Turkish sound, but evolved as a secondary form of v in one or two languages
like early Oguz and also occurred in some loan-words. T h e voiced post-palatal g
was normally a plosive, but may in certain positions have been a fricative;
conversely the voice4 velar g was normally a fricative but may in certain positions
have been a plosive. T h e unvoiced velar fricative X probably did not exist as
an independent sound in early Turkish, but seems to have arisen as a secondary
form of k in association with some sounds, and also occurred in a few loan-
words, some of them very old like x a g a n and x a n . KQgari says that the simple
aspirate h was not a native Turkish sound but occurred in some 'impure'
dialects and in one or two words like iihi: in which it seems to be a secondary
form of g.
T h e consonants are arranged, when the circumstances demand it, in the
following order: b , p , v, (f), (W) ; c , C, j ; d , d , t ; g, (velar) k, X ; 8 , (post-
palatal) k , (h) ;1 ; m ; n , 9, ii ; r ; s ; 9 ; y ;z. Note that the letters are arranged
in classes, and riot in the normal conventional order, but that the first letters of
the classes are arranged in the conventional order.

12. There are some particular difficulties in transcribing some early languages,
of which the following are the most important:
( I ) In Turku there was a tendency towards dissimilation, so that when a
suffix beginning alternatively with a voiced or unvoiced consonant like the Perf.
suffix -d~:l-t~:l-di:l-ti: was attached to a verb ending in a consonant, the
unvoieed form was attached to a voiced consonant and vice versa, e.g. erti:,
t a p d ~ : .I n Xak. the position tended to be exactly the opposite, at any rate to the
extent that suffixes with voiced initials were attached to verbs ending with voiced
consonants, e.g. erdi:, although cases of suffixes with voiced initials being
attached to verbs ending in unvoiced consonants are very common, at any rate
in our manuscript of Kaf. Chronologically speaking Uyg. lay squarely between
Turku and Xak. but nearly all the alphabets in which it is written are so ambi-
guous that it is quite uncertain whether it was a dissimilating language like the
former or an assimilating language like the latter, or whether the change took
place at some date between the eighth and eleventh centuries. I cannot therefore
claim to have been in the least consistent in transcribing Uyg. texts, usually
following the scriptions in the published texts.
(2) T h e Runic alphabet (see Studie~,pp. g r ff.) in which nearly all the Turku
texts have survived, the Manichaean Syriac alphabet, and the Br5hmi alphabet
had different letters for b and p and for g and post-palatal k, the other early
alphabets did not, and the RrHhmi spellings are very erratic; there is indeed
some doubt regarding the phonetic value of some of the letters of this alphabet
 X PREFACE
in its Central Asiatic form. It is therefore almost impossible to decide how some
words should be transcribed. I n some cases assistance can be got from the
modern languages, but some of these have unclergonc quite considcralde
phonetic changes.
(3) Only one of the alphahcts concerned, Briihmi, had separate letters for o ,
U , B and U,and the spellings of the texts in this alphabet are often inconsistent.
I n this case, however, the correct form can often be establishecl if the word was
a loan-word in Mongolian, or survives in modern languages; but the spellings
in modern languages are often inconsistent, particularly as t~etweenImgunges
in the Oguz group and the rest.

13. T h e alphabet set out above has also been used for transcribing (or perhaps
it would be tnore accurate to say transliterating, sincc the system adopted is purely
mechanical) quotations from Arabic and Persian texts, with the addition of the
following letters: f , d , t, h, F, and 2, harnza ', ' a y ' and q for the unvoiced velar
plosive, which must be distinguished from the unvoiced post-palatal plosive in
these languages. In these languages, too, vowel length is indicated in the usual
manner by a superscribed line, e.g. 5. T h e same letters are also used to transcribe
Mongolian, but Sanskrit is transcribed in the conventional way.

T I I E A R R A N G E M E N T O F WORDS I N T H E DIC'I'IONARY

14. As pointed out above, the Turkish texts quoted in this book are written in
a variety of alphabets, all more or less ambiguous, and it is often impossible to
determine the correct transcription of a number of words; moreover, some words
were pronounced slightly differently in different languages. It would, therefore,
not be sensible to arrange the words in the strict alphabetical order to which we
are accustomed in the dictionaries of European languages, since this would
involve a great many double or multiple entries and greatly add to the difficulty
of finding individual words. This problem and the means of solving it are dis-
cussed in detail in Studies, Chap. 4. T h e arrangement which emerged from this
discussion can be summarized as follows:
( I ) T h e words are broken dowrl into fourteen groups, containing respec-
tively words beginning with the following sounds:
(a) vowels (h) m
(b) labial plosives (b, (p)) (1) n
(c) denti-palatal affricate (c) (1) l-
(d) dental plosives (t, (d)) (A) S
(e) velar plosives (k, (X)) (1) 9
(f) post-palatal plosives (k, (g)) (4 Y
(E) 1 (4 z
(2) Each of these fourteen groups is divided into sub-groups; in each case the
first sub-group contains monosyllahles ending in an open vowel; the order of the
 PREFACE . xi
remainder is determined in the case of the first group (words beginning with
vowels) by the first consonant, and, if there is one, the second consonant or
failing that the final vowel, if any, and in the case of other groups by the second
consonant, and the third consonant, if any, or failing that the final vowel, if any.
For purposes of classification these are the only significant sounds; vowels other
than initial and final vowels are disregarded except for purposes of arranging
the order of the words in a sub-group.

15. Each sub-group is identified by from one to three code letters representing
the significant sounds efhmerated above, the code letters being as follows:
A, or if one of the significant sounds is post-palatal
g or k, E, representing vowels.
B representing labials, b, p, V, (f), (W) but not m.
C representing denti-palatal affricates C, c, (j).
D representing dentals d , d, t but not n.
representing velars 8, k, X but not g.
G representing post-palatals 8 , k, (h) but not g.
Id representing l.
M representing m.
N representing n, g, fi.
R representing r.
S representing S.
$ representing g.
Y representing y.
. Z representing z.
Each sub-group is divided into the following parts:
(I) monosyllables, if any, coded as Mon.
(2) monosyllabic verbs, if any, coded as Mon. V.
(3) disyllables, coded as Dis.
(4) disyllabic verbs, coded as Dis. V.
(5) longer words, coded as Tris.
(6) longcr verbs, coded as Tris. V.

16. I n order to locate a word in the dictionary:

( I ) declensional and conjugational suffixes must be removed;
(2) the part in which it appears in the dictionary must be determined by con-
verting the significant sounds in it into the appropriate code letters, account being
taken of the fact whether it is either a verb or not a verb, e.g.:
U: Mon. A
U:- C Mon. V. A-
ak, og, u:g, ok Mon. Ac
eg-, ek-, 69-, iik- Mon. V. EG-
bu: Mon. BA
xii PREFACE

gars Mon. CRS

tupi:, topii: Dis. DBA
tapln- , tevin- Dis. V. DBN-
tugii:nuk 'I'ris. D G N
ttltagltg ' h i s . D1,D
yar11ka:- ' J ' ~ ~V.
s , YI<I,-

17. \\'ithin each part of a sub-gmup the words are arranged in the following
order, which is designed to make it as easy as possible to locate a word writter~
in any of the varior~sscripts:
( I ) in Mon. and Moo. V. in the alphabetical order of the vowel, and when two
or more words have the same vowel (0 and U, and 6 and U, respectively being
regarded as identical since they are not distinguished in these scripts) in the order
of the final consonants; thus in Mon. V. AD- the order is ad-, a t - , et-, I:&,
it-, u:d-, ut-, iid-, ot-, ut-.
( 2 ) in Dis. and Dis. V.,
( a ) all words ending in a closed syllable precede those ending in an open
vowel, thus in Dis. V. ADL- iitiil- precedes at1a:-;
(6) if two words contain, in addition to the letters represented in the heading,
further consonants belonging to different classes, these determine their order;
thus in Dis. V. SCD- slqtur- precedes sagtap-;
(C) in other cases, subject to (a) above, the order is determined by the first
vowel; thus under Dis. V. SCD- the order is s n p t - , slpt-, supt-, siiqlt-,
and under Dis. V. ADL- at1a:-, edle:-, or, if the vowels are ideptical, by the
order of the consonants following, thus under Dis. V. ADL- o d d , udul-,
otul-.
(3) in 'I'ris. and Tris. V. the same principles are observed, ?nzit(~tisrnl~tatldis.

18. Most words in the dictionary are preceded by code letters in capitals, only
basic words of which the pronunciation is reasonably certain not being preceded
by one. These letters have the following meaning:
( I ) C compound; used when a word is composed of two shorter words, e.g.
C iqkur 'belt', composed of ig and k u r . Such words are rare.
( 2 ) D Derived; placed before every word other than a compound which is
not a basic word, e.g. D evdil-, the Passive form of evdi:-.
(3) F Fo!eign: placed before words which are known to be loan-words, e.g. F
n:ju:n borrowed from Sogdian. Words which are believed to be loan-words are
preceded by ?F if definite proof is lacking.
(4) PU Pronunciation uncertain; see (6).
(5) S Secondary; placed before words which are secondary forms of other
words in the list; such worcls are followed by a reference to the words of which
they are the secondary forms.
(6) VU Vocalization uncertain. This prefix is used when the vocalization of a
word is uncertain but there is no doubt about its consonantal structure, e.g.
 PREFACE xiii

VU eteg indicates that this is the most probable pronunciation of the word
but that it might be a t a g , atlg, atug, etc. Words are preceded by PU when
there is some doubt about the pronunciation of one or more consonants in
them whether or not. the vocalization is certain.
(7) When a word is known to have existed at an earlier date but was already
obsolete by the eighth century so that it is known only from its derivatives the
basic word is entered with a preceding asterisk and followed by cross-references
to some of the words derived from it, e.g. l *ad-, see adm. a@r-.
(8) E Erroneous; unfortunately a few completely non-existent words have
found their way into s6me medieval and modern dictionaries and word-lists
owing to misreadings of ancient texts. A small selection of these is included in
the list, preceded by E and followed by an explanation, in order to indicate that
such words really did not exist and have not merely been overlooked, e.g. E
a m u g which arises from an erroneous scription of the Arabic word @&h in
the manuscript of Kaf.

AUTHORITIES QUOTED, W I T H SHORT T I T L E S

19. All quotations in the paragraphs about individual words are preceded by the
name of the language in which they were written and the date of composition
expressed in centuries denoted by roman numerals: v111= eighth century A.D.
and so on. When two or more quotations are taken from the same language they
are grouped under a single head, possibly with different chronological indications.

20. Two periods are distinguished:

( I ) VIII. Several major inscriptions in the Runic alphabet fall under this head-
ing; there is a brief note on the best editions of them in Studies, p. 68, but my
own quotations are derived, wherever possible, from a personal examination of
the photographs and squeezes of the inscriptions. As a result in one or two cases
I have, I think, found better readings of some difficult passages than those in
any of the editions; examples will be found under olgurt-, beriiki, sm-. I n
addition to the major inscriptions listed separately below there are some shorter
inscriptions, but as they are undated and may be later than VIII they are included
under the next heading. T h e major inscriptions are the following:
(a) the funerary inscription of Tofiukuk (this is the customary transcription
of the name but it is VU) composed probably in the second, but possibly the
third decade of vrrr; cited as T followed by the number of the line;
(b) the funerary inscription of Kiil TCgin, composed in A.D. 732, cited as I
followed by the side (E, W, N, S) of the stone and the line on the side;
(c) the funerary inscription of Bilge: Xagan, composed in A.D. 735, cited
as II similarly followed;
 xiv PREFACE

( d )thefunerary inscription of theKiili Cors at Ixc-XupotuincentralMongolia,

roughly contemporary with the preceding, cited as Ix. followed by the line;
(e) the relatively brief inscription at Ongin, cited as Ongin followed by the
line.

(2) v111ff. Under this heading are included texts which may have been com-
posed in vrii, but were possibly, in some cases probahly, composed in ix, or
perhaps in one or two cases even later. These fall under the following heads:
(a) a few minor inscriptions from Mongolia, of which the most convenient
editions are those in the second volume of H. N. Orkun, Bki Tiirk Yazrtlan,
3 volumes and index, Istanbul, 1936-41, (cited as ETY followed by the volume
in roman and the page in arabic figures). These are occasionally cited under the
names given in that volume followed by a reference to ETY I I ;
( b ) those of the so-called Yeniseian (Yen.) inscriptions which were found in
Khakassia and were probably erected by minor Western Tijrkij chieftains who
escaped to Khakassia after the fall of the Tiirkii empire in the middle of viir,
see Stiidips, p. 69. The most convenient edition is that in S. Ye. Malov, Yenisei-
skaya pis'mennost' tytirkov, Moscow, 1b52; they arc cited as hlal. followed by
I
the number of the inscription and the line, but my readings sometimes diffcr
from lllalov's;
( c ) a few inscriptions found at Ayrtam Oy near the town of Tatas ofi the river
of the same name and probably datable to IX or X (see Studies, pp. 72 and 256).
The texts are almost illiterate and in a deplorable state, and I have quoted them
only occasionally, citing them as Tnlajfollowed by the number of the inscription
and the line;
( d ) paper manuscripts in the Runic alphabet. 'I'he only substantial one is a
hook of divination called Irk Bitig, which I citc as Irk B followed by the number
of the paragraph and not, as has usually been done, by the page, since the page
numbers used do not correspond to those of the actual manuscript. The most
convenient edition of the rest, which are rather miscellaneous in character, is in
ETZ' 11, but as Orkun's system of references is rather chaotic I have substituted
my own, followed by a reference to the page in E TI.' II. It is commonly believed
that these documents can be dated to about IX;
(e) Manichaean (Man.) texts in the Manichaean Syriac or Uygur alphabets
and what Prof. A. von Gabain in her Alttiirkische Crammatik, Leipzig, 1941,
p. 5 (cited as v. G. ATG) called 'the N-dialect', but which seems in fact, see
Studies, p , I 18, to be Turku written in a non-Runic alphabet. The longest and
most important of these texts is the 'Confession of Sins' known as the Chuas-
tuanift (more correctly Xwzstwantft). The hest manuscript, almost complete,
is in the British Museum, and there are other fragments, some of the beginning
of the text missing in that manuscript, in Germany. T h e most convenient edition,
with a facsimile of the B.M. manuscript, is still that by A. von Le Coq in JRAS
1911, pp. 279 ff., although the translation is not entirely accurate. I cite it as
Cftuas. followed by the line of the B.M. manuscript or, in the case of the first
part, as Chwu. I followed by the line in von Le Coq's numeration. T h e other
 PREFACE xv

Manichaean 'I'iirkii texts which I quote have all been published in the Abhand-
lungen or Sitzungsberichte of the Academy of Sciences in Berlin (originally the
Konigliche preussische, later Preussische, and later still Deutsche, Akademie
der Wissenschaften). As these publications also contain Manichaean texts in
Uygur and Uygur-A it is more convenient to list all the publications of Mani-
chaean texts here to avoid additional references in subsequent paragraphs. T h e
main bulk of them is in A. von Le Coq's Tiirkische Manichaica a m Chotscho I
(AKPAW, 1912);I1 (APAW, 1919); 111 (APAW, 1922), cited as M I, If, an4
III followed by the page and line, the last followed by (i), (ii), etc. if the same
line number appears mwe than once on,the same page. Others were published
in a series called Tiirkische Turfantexte (cited as T T ) , edited at one time 6;
another by W. Bang, A. von Gabain, and G. R. Rachmati (later R. R. Arat),
which also contains Uygur Buddhist and Civil texts. Those parts which contain
Manichaean texts (mostly not in Manichaean Tiirkii) are T T II (SPAW, 1929)
cited by page and line, and T T III (SPAW, 1930) and T T IX(ADAW, 1958)
both in Uy@r and cited by line. Other short Manichaean texts are in A. von
Le Coq, Ein manichaisch-uigurisches liragtnent aus Idiqut-Sclzachri (SKPAW,
1908) cited as Man.-uig. Frag. followed by page and line, and W. Bang and
A. von Gabain, Ein uz@isches Fragment iiber den manichaischen ,Windgott
(Ungarische Jahrbiicher VIIf, pp. 247 ff.), cited as Wind. followed by the line.

B . Uyjttr and U y j u r - A ( U y g . and Uy2.-A)

21. T h e reasons for supposing that two separate, but closely related, Uyg.
dialects existed are stated in Studies, p. 42. There are obvious traces of Uyg.-A
in some Buddhist texts, e.g. those in T T V I and TM IV(a1thought it is stated
in the introduction to the latter that the Uyg.-A forms had been 'correctedf'in
the transcription so that they are no longer apparent), but such texts do not s e e d
to be entirely homogeneous, so that it is only in the,Manicheaean texts that it
seems possible more or less to isolate the two dialects. Three periods can be
distinghished : ' :
(I) VIII. The earliest and most substantial Uyg. inscription in the Runic
alphabet is that situated at Qine-usu in Outer Mongolia, which is the funerary
monument of an Uygur Xagan who ruled from A.D. 746 to 759. It is~citedas
$U. followed by the side and line on the side. . .,L

(2) rx. The second such inscription, only fragments of the Uyg. text of-which
still survive, is the funerary memorial af Kara Balgasuh of an Uy@r Xagan who
probably ruled from A.D. 808 to 821. It is cited as III followed by a letter and
line and a reference to ETY II. The third is the short funerary inscription at
Suci in Outer Mongolia, probably datable to the first quarter of IX, and cited
as Suci followed by the line.
(3) v111 ff., that is, in this case, texts the earliest of which may go back as far
as vrrr, although the actual manuscripts are probably later, while the latest, apart
from tfie xv~rrmanuscript of the Suvarpaprabhrisa SEitra, the composition of
which was much earlier, is probably a Civil document dated firmly to thesecond
 PREFACE xvii

lines I to 324, the second lines 1763 to 2160,the rest being unpublished); and
the Turkish translation of the SuvarnaprabhcTsastitra,published by V. V. Radlov
and S. Ye. Malov, St. Petersburg, 1913ff., cited as Sua. followed by the page
and line.
(d) Civil (Civ.) texts, that is not religious. These fall into four classes:
(i) Medical texts, probably mere translations of texts in other languages.The
main collection is in G. R. Rachmati, Zur Heilkunde der U+uren I (SPAW, 1930)
cited as H I followed by the line, and I1 (SPAW, 1932)cited as H I I followed by
the page and line. There are also one or two such texts in TT VII and VIII.
(ii) Astronomic& astrological, magic, and omen texts, published in TT I
(SPAW,1929),cited by the line, TT VII and V I I I and US'. Texts of the first
two kinds are mainly translated from the Chinese, generally with an Indian
background, and are mostly late in the period; the line between unorthodox
Buddhist and purely magical texts is indefinite and I may have put some texts
'
the wrong side of it.
(iii) Commercial and legal documents and (iv) miscellaneous texts. T h e
main collection of these is in US',; there is one in TT VIZ, No. 42, a very late
text apparently transcribed from an original in the Arabic alphabet, and there
are one or two published elsewhere. When quoting the last I have indicated
where they may be found.
A good many of the Uyg. texts listed above have been completely or partially
indexed; but no index is available for others, including Suv. which is much the
longest, and I cannot guarantee that I have listed every word which occurs in
these unindexed texts.

C. Old Ktrgtz (0.Kw.)

22. I t is commonly believed that those of the Yeniseian inscriptions which were
found not in Khakassia hut in Tuva were set up by Ktrgrz chieftains in that area
and are in the Old K ~ r & zlanguage. It has been suggested that they are the oldest
monuments in the Runic alphabet and may date back as far as VI, but L. R.
Kyzlasov has recently proved by archaeologica1 methods (see Studies, p. 70) that
most of them date from IX and X and that some may be even later. J. have
classified them as IX ff. T h e most convenient edition is that of Malov mentioned
in paia. zo (2) (b), but A. M. Shcherbak has published revised texts of some of
them, and some photographs and squeezes are available. I have therefore not
always followed Malov's readings.

D. XcTkdni (Xak.)
23. Xak. is a language closely related both to 'I'iirkii and to Uyg., but sufficiently
distinct from both to he regarded as a separate language. It was certainly not
directly descended from the latter, indeed it existed side by side with UyR. for
two or three centuries, and was perhaps not quite directly descended from the
f q m e r , It is first identified in XI, and there are two Xak. XI texts of major
xvi PREFACE

quarter of x ~ v .T h e actual date of composition of the remainder is quite un-

certain; some of the legal and commercial documents are certainly not older
than X I I I and contain Mongolian, Arabic, and Persian loan-words, but I have
taken them into account with suitable precautions, since it is quite impossible
to divide these documents neatly into two categories, those anterior and those
subsequent to A.D. I zoo. These texts can be divided into the following classes:
(a) Christian texts (Chr.). These are likely to be quite early in the period.
Only two seem to have survived, the welt-known apocryphon about the Magi
published in F. W. K. Muller, Uigurica (AKPAW, 1908) pp. 5 ff., cited as U I
followed by the page and line, and a fragment published in M III cited by page
and line.
(b) Manichaean (Man.) texts in Uyg. and Uyg.-A published in the various
works listed in para. zo (2) (e) above. All are fragmentary and vary greatly in
length, though none are very long; in the case of the longer texts it is usually
possible to determine whether they are in Man. Tiirkii, Uyg. or Uyg.-A; when
this is impossible they are cited as Uyg. The earliest of these texts probably go
hack to VIII and the latest are unlikely to be much later than IX.
(c) Buddhist(Bud.)texts. These havebeen published in substantial qunntitics;
the following is a list of those which I haw quoted. 'I'hcre are four volumes of
Uigurica, the first three editcd by F. W. R. Miiller, the last by A. von Gabain.
U I has already been mentioned undcr (a); If I1 (AKPAW, I ~ I I ) U , 111
(APAW, rqzz), and U I V (APAW, 1931) are cited by page and line. T h e follow-
ing volumes of the TP'series mentioned in para. 20 (2) (e) contain Buddhist texts:
TT IV (SPAW, 1930); T T V (SPAW, 1931); T T V1(SPAW, 1934); T T V11
(APAW, 1937); T T V I I I (ADAW, 1954, the volume containing the texts in
the BrHhmi alphabet), and T T X (ADAW, 1959). Of these VI and X are cited
by the line, I V and V b y page and line, and V11 and W11 by document and
line. There is a useful and complete Atzalytischrr Index 2 1 4 den fiinf ersten Stiicken
h r TT(SPAW, 1931) and V1 contains a partial and V I I , 1JII1, and X a com-
plete index of words. Another AKPAW volume containing Buddhist texts is
I'. \V. K. Miiller, Zwei Pfid~lin~chriffe~~ am dent ?ir~fanjunden, I 9 I 5, cited as
Pfahl. followed by the page anti line. W. Radlolf, T4grrrische S'rachdenkrniiler,
Leningrad, 1928, cited as USp. followed by document number and line, con-
tains inter alia a number of Buddhist texts. Other publications which I have
quoted are the following: Paul Pelliot, La Version ouigoure de I'histoire des
princes Kalycnamkara et Pzpamkara, 'Young Pao XV. 2, 1914, cited as PP
followed by the page and line; W. Bang and G. R. Rachmati, P'iirlii Cehennemler
iizerine Uygurca Parplar, Tilrkiyat Mecm~lasi IV, Istanbul, 1934, cited as
TM IV followed by the line; Sinasi Tekin, fiinngi fm Pusar, Erzurum, 1960
(superseding Radloff's partial edition, St. Petersburg, 191I ) cited as K~ian.
followed by the line; W. Radloff, TiSasizwstik, fin in tiirkischer Sprarhe bearbeitefes
hrddhtstisches Sutra, St. Petersburg, 1910, cited as Tif., followed by the manu-
script page and line; A. von Gabain, Die rr&irische i%ersetzzrng der Riographie
Hiien-tsang~(SPAW, 1935) and Brieje der uig~irisrhen Iiiien-tsang-Biographic
(SPAW, r938), both cited as Hiien-ts. followed hy the line (the first containing
 xviii PREFACE

importance. The first is the earliest, and by far the most important, 'I'urkish-
Arabic dictionary, the DiwZn Lf@ti'l-Turk of Mahmfid al-KB~gari,dating from
the third quarter of XI and cited as K q . The quotations in the form K q . followed
by a roman number and an arabic number and sometimes a second arabic
number are from the Turkish translation by B. Atalay, Divatrii Lu~at-it-tiirk
Tercumesi, 3 volumes and index, Ankara, 1940-3, since this edition is reasonably
accessible, and the index is excellent and comprehensive. T h e principle which
I have followed is to cite the volume and page for main entries and the line as
well for quotations from other parts of the-b&k. I have, I hope, included every
word which it contains. Atalay's translation is not wholly satisfactory and I
have in every case consulted the facsimile (the printed text contains many Minor
inaccuracies) and normally quote the original Arabic in my citations, so that the
accuracy of the translation can be checked. In a number of cases I have altered
~ t a l a ~readings
'; and spellings. T h e second major text is the Kttta&u: Bile of
Yfisuf Xass IJHcib of Balasagun, the earliest surviving purely literary text in any
'I'urkish language, also dating from the third quarter of XI. My quotations are
taken from R. R. Arat's critical edition, Istanbul, 1947, cited as K B followed by
the line in that edition. I n cases of doubt I have also consultcd the facsimiles of
.
the three manuscripts; in some cases my spellings are slightly different from
Arat's. As his index has not yet been puldishetl, I cannot guarantee that I have
listed every word which occurs in this text, but I have searched it fairly
thoroughly. I have classified all the words from these two sources as XI since this
date is certain. The Verse Preface of k-B is not part of the original text and its
language is obviously a little later; quotations from it have therefore been entered
under the heading of XII (?)KR V P followed by the linc. The Prpse Preface is
later still and perhaps not really Xak. but a few quotations from it have been
entered as XIII(?)KBPP followed by thc line.

zq. KZ~jjarilists a certain number of words in a language which he calls 'the

language of al-&zz+al and says that owing to long contact between the people
who spoke it and Persian-speakers it had acquired a number of Persian loan-
words, often in a rather corrupt form (see aren and turma:). I t was no doubt
the language spoken by the Oguz tribes, who were then living in the neighbour-
hood of the Aral Sea and had to some extent lost contact with the other Turkish
tribes. They were descendants of the O&z (Tokkuz Oguz etc.) who had played
quite an important part in history during v11 and v111and probably even earlier.
'I'here is no reason to suppose that during that period they spoke a language
markedly different from that of the Turku; but although even by XI the Okuz
language had undergone some phonetic decay and accepted a number of loan-
words, it retained, and its modern descendants still retain, some characteristics
more primitive even than those of Turkii, e.g. initial d- in certain words (see
para. 14 (I)). Only a few specifically Oguz words are listed in KGJ.but they are
the earliest surviving specimens of the language.
 PREFACE xix

F . Kzpcak (kip.)
2 5 . KZggari also cites a number of words in a language which he calls 'the ian-
guage of Qifciq', a language which he describes as similar to Oguz. Several words
are mentioned as being common to KIP. and Oguz but not known in Xak. In X I
the Klpqak were west of the Oguz in southern Russia and Kaj. is the earliest
authority for their language.

G . Minor eleventh-cetr~urydialects
26. KH@ari describes a/few words as belonging to other contemporary dialects
with which he was acquainted; those mentioned most often are the dialects
of Argu:, Cigil, and Gancak (the last probably not really Turkish, see Studies,
p. 132 and the remarks on kendiik below). I have included these words with
KQgari's descriptions of them.
11. M E D I E V A L TEXTS

27. The Uyg. language lingered on for some centuries in Chinese Turkistan
(Sinkiang); indeed the latest surviving Bud. Uyg. manuscript, that of the
Suoarnaprabhc?sasrZtra already mentioned, was copied in xvm, but the only
accessible authority for Uyg. in this latest state is the Chinese-Uyg. dictionary
(Chin.-Uyf. Dicf.) prepared by a committee of Chinese scholars towards the
end of XIV. Some words from this work are included in Radloff's Worterbuch
and , a complete list from another edition was recently published by Prof. L.
Ligeti in Un Vocabulaire sino-ouignure des Ming, le Km-tch'ang-kouan Yi-chou
du Bureau des Trudrrcteurs,Dissertationes Sodalium Instituti Asiae Interioris 11,
Budapest, 1966. I have included references to this work as Ligeii, followed by
the page.

28. 'The difficulty about classifying most of the remaining medieval texts, which
were, with only one or two exceptions, written by or for Moslem Turks, is that
in XI the only literary language in which texts have survived, and probably the
only literary language then in use, was Xak., but that towards the end of that
century or very soon afterwards literary languages emerged which were written
in different areas where the spoken languages were rather different from one
another, and so very soon began to pursue different courses. There are interest-
ing discussions of the problem of classifying the texts concerned in Philologiae
Turcicae findamenta 1, Wiesbaden, 1959 (cited as Fundamenfa) and more
particularly in J. Eckmann's article 'Das Chwarezmtiirkische' in that volume,
and also in the introduction to A. K. Borovkov, Leksika sredneaziatskogo Tefsira
XIII-XV W., Moscow, 1963 (cited as Tef.).

29. What can perhaps be called the direct line of descent, or southern stream,
evolved in the area called in the early medieval period Khorasan and the southern
part of MH warI'ull-nahr (Transoxiana). By xv the literary language used in that
area was what is commonly, if inaccurately, called Gagatay (C*.), but at any
xx PREFACE

rate three, and probably four, texts have survived which were written between
xr and xv (both excluded) in languages intermediate between Xak. and Gag.
T h e spoken language in this area during this period seems to have been fairly
homogeneous with the literary language, except that there was probably a
greater concentration of Arabic and Persian, and pcrhaps from X I I I onwards also
Mongolian, loan-words in the literary than ic thc spoken language.

30. Possibly the earliest of these intermediate tcxts which, since it contains some
Mongolian words, cannot be earlier than X I I I , is the didactic poem edited by
R. R. Arat under the title Atebetii'l-lrakaytk, Istanbul, 1951,cited as At. followed
by the lines.

31. An even earlier date has been suggested for a few 'I'urkish tafsirs, that is
interlinear translations of the Koran (mostly bilingual, some trilingual with a
Persian translation of the Arabic and a Turkish translation of the Persian) with
commentaries and other additional matter. T h e clifficulty in determining the
date of these texts and the exact language in which they were composed lies in
the fact that the surviving manuscripts of them were all written later, perhaps
a good deal later, than the datc a t which they wcrc composed and have been
subjected to a good deal of modernizing by the copyists, latcr phonetic forms,
and even actual words, being substituted for the author's own phonetic forms
and words. I t is not at all clear whether all, o r a t any rate all the earlier, bilingual
manuscripts go back to a single archetype o r whether some are independent
translations and compilations, but the latter is the more probable. Dorovkov in
7'4.has indexed the Turkish vocabulary of one such work, the manuscript of
which was found in the town of Karshi. T h e name of the authok, the date of
composition, the name of the copyist, and the datc of copying are all equally
unknown, but the manuscript seems to be later than that of a similar tajsir found
in Turkey dated A.L>, 1 3 3 3 (see l'rf., p. 4) which is said to harc a text close to that
of the Karshi manuscript. An examination of the vocabulary shows that it is
very heterogeneous, I t irlcludes a number of words of great antiquity for some
of which, e.g. 2 ap, it is the latest authority. O n the othcr hand, it also includes
Arabic, Persian, and even some Mongolian, loan-words, which proves that in its
present form it cannot be earlier than X I I I , and it even contains different forms
of the same word, e.g. adrli-, ayrll-, ayrul-, which belong to different periods
in the history of the language. It has been suggested that these are evidence that
the language used, even if basically Xak., has been heavily influenced by Oguz
and KIP. and that it must therefore have been composed in some northern area
and ought to be classified as Xwarazmian (see para. 37). There is not, however,
any conclusive evidence that this is so, and there are other possible explanations
of the non-Xak. elements in the text. I n the circumstanccs it seems better to
regard the language as intermediate between Xak. and C@., to date ref. as
X I I I ( ? ) and cite it immediately after At.

32. Next in time, and in much the same language, comes the Ql:Jap'l-anbtjdof
Ngsiru'l-din al-Rabgtizi composed in A.D. I 3 10. I n this case, too, all the surviving
 PREFACE xxi

manuscri~~ts are later than the work itself and have been subjected to a good deal
of modernization. No indexof the vocabulary has been compiled, but a number of
words from a xrx printed edition are cited in Hadloff's Wiirterbuch and some of
these citations have been included here as XIV H b j . , followed by a reference to
Hadloff.

33. One Arabic-Turkish vocabulary, the Hi1yatu'-insdn wa halbatu'l-liscin of

CamZlu'l-din ibnu'l-Muhanni (see Studies, p. 193) is probably of about the same
date as Rbg. It contains an extensive list of Arabic words with the Turkish
equivalents. T h e authof in his preface says that they are in two languages 'those
of our country and of 'Turkistan', and enumerates the phonetic differences
between the two. T h e facts given suggest that the first is an early form of Azer-
hayjani and the second a late form of Xak., but, except in a minimum number
of cases, it is impossible to decide whether any given word belongs to one of
these languages or both. Very probably the great bulk of them are early Azerbay-
jani, but as a matter of convenience it is easier to cite this work as XIV Muh.
immediately after Nbt. followed by the page and line of Melioranski's edition
(Mel.) and the page of Kilisli Rif'at's edition (R$.); the two editions are not
identical and it is likely that the latter, which is based on a single manuscript,
contains a good many words added to the author's text by later copyists.

34. Finally there are many texts in Gagatay, the earliest perhaps late XIV,the
great bulk xv or even a little later. T h e language still survives in a later form as
modern Uzbek, and no attempt has ever been made to define the latest date at
which Gag. proper was still in use. Apart from a very extensive literature, three
major Gag.-Persian and Gag.-Old Osmanli dictionaries have been published
which, although they all profess to be primarily dictionaries of the language
used by Mir 'Ali Sir NawH'i, probably give a fairly exhaustive list of the Gag.
vocabulary, excluding the Arabic and Persian, but not the Mongolian, words
which it includes. These are, in order of age:
( I ) Hadii'i'u'l-lrrgat written in Herat by Tilir-i Harawi during the reign of the
Timurid Sultiin Husayn (A.D. 1438-1506), a Gag.-Persian dictionary of which
the only(?) surviving manuscript, dated A . H . I r 17 (A.D. 1705-6) was published
in facsimile with a comprehensive index by A. K. Borovkov, Moscow, 1961.
(2) T h e anonymous Gag.-Old Osmanli dictionary commonly known (after the
first entry in it) as the Abufka, compiled during the first half of XVI and published
S

by V. d e Vbliaminof-Zernof as Dictionnaire djagatai-turc, St. Petersburg, 1869.

(3) T h e Satlglax, a Gag.-Persian dictionary written by Muhammad Mahdi
XHn and finished in A.H. I 172 or I 173 (roughly A.D. 1759). A facsimile of one of
the best manuscripts was published with an introduction and comprehensive
indices by myself as E. J. W. Gibb Memorial, New Series XX, London, 1960.
Of these the Sanglux, although the latest, is much the most extensive and best,
the author correcting a good many mistakes made in previous dictionaries,
including the two mentioned above and others which have not survived. I have
xxii PREFACE

cited the first occasionally as Bad. followed by the page, the second more fre-
quently as Vel. followed by the page and the last, almost comprehensively, as
San. followed by the page and line of the facsimile.

35. Exaggerated importance has been attached by some scholars to Sayx

Sulaymari Buxari, Lujat-i (2gatajl wa Ttrrki 'O@ini, Istanbul, A.H. 1298 (AB.
1881); it contains very little original matter, apart from the mistakes which
abound in it (see Snn., p. 31) but I have occasionally cited it as $ S . followed by
the page.

36. 'I'here is in Bokhara an important manuscript of the Muqddimatu'l-Adab

of Mahmiidu'l-Zamaxvari, a classified Arabic glossary compiled early in XII with
an interlinear translation in Turkish (as well as in Persian and Mongolian). The
manuscript is dated A.D. 1495 and there is no prima facie reason for supposing
that the Turkish translation is much older. The language is therefore likely to
be Cat. and this is confirmed by an examination of the Turkish equivalents in
N. Poppe's index to the Mongolian translation in Mongol'skii slovar' Mukaddi-
mat al-Arlab, Moscow, 1938. Prof. Borovkov, when he died in 1963, had almost
completed an index of the Turkish words in this manuscript, but it is uncertain
whether it will now be completed and published. The Turkisli entries in
Prof. Poppe's work are not in a convenient form for use in preparing a Turkish
dictionary, and are not, according to Prof. Rorovkov, wholly accurate. I have
not, therefore, quoted this work except occasionally (as Zam.).

37. The history of the northern stream of literary languages is a great deal more
complicated. There was undoubtedly in XII a second literary focus further north
than the area described in para. 28, centred perhaps in the court of the XwZ-
razmgZhs who first became important early in xrr. The most convenient namc
for texts belonging to this stream is that recently adopted in such works as the
fi~ndamenta,Xwarazmian (Xwar.),althougll the literary language which evolved
there must also have been in use over a much wider area extending into southern
Russia. The spoken languages in this area at this period were markedly different
from Xak. ; the Turks in Xwarazm and the Aral Sea area were O@z and those
in southern Russia Ihpqak and already in xr I<Z$pri regarded O@z and KIP. as
separate languages fairly close to one another but different from Xak. Thus, so
far as literary works are concerned, it is safe to assume that Xak, was very quickly
modified t? bring it closer to the local languages.

38. The oldest text from this area, if its colophon is to be relied on, was in fact
composed not in Swirazrn but in the Crimea. It is the Qiga-i Yljstrfwritten by
a certain 'Ali, of whom nothing further is known, in A.H. 630 (A.D. 1233). AS usual
the manuscripts are a good deal later and have been more or less modernized.
D. Brockelmann listed a number of words from this work in 'Ali's Qissa-i Yristtf,
der alteste Vorhtfer der osmanischen Liimatrrr (AKPAW, 1g I 7). I t has long been
recognized that the language is not Osmanli and I have cited the words quoted in
 PREFACE xxiii

this paper as Xwar.. xrrr 'Ali followed by the page, but it may well contain more
Oguz elements than most other Xwar. texts.

39. Another text which can be tentatively identified as coming from the Aral
Sea area is the enigmatic text sometimes called OJuz Nime(see Studies, pp. 48,
etc.) written in the Mongolian Official Alphabet and edited by W. Bang and
G. R. Rachmati, Die Legende won Oghuz Qaghan (SPAW, 1932). It contains
several Mongolian loan-words and so cannot be earlier than XIU,but can hardly
be much later. Considering its subject-matter, the language is likely to be much
more specifically Oguz than most other contemporary texts, but the ambiguity
of the alphabet used makes it impossible to determine whether it has such a
specifically Oguz trait as initial d-. I t is cited as xrrr(?) O j . , followed by the
line in the edition mentioned.

40. Next in order of time come five texts which are all more or less solidly
dated. T h e oldest is the Mu'inu'l-murid written in XwBrazm in A.D. 1313 (see
Eckmann, op. cit., p. xis), but I have not been in a position to cite any words
from it.

41. T h e next is the Xusraw u Sirin, written by a certain Qutb at the court of
Tini Beg Xan of the Golden Horde in A.D. 1341-2. It has been admirably
edited by A. Zajqczkowski, Najstarsza wersja ttcrecka &m& u Sirin, 3 vols.,
Warsaw, 1958-61, with a facsimile of the only manuscript, a transcription, and
a full index excluding the Arabic and Persian loan-words. I t is cited as XIV
Qutb followed by the page in Zaj;lczkowski's index.

42. T h e third is the Muhabbat Nima of Xwarazmi. Two manuscripts of this

poem have survived, the second containing a number of verses which did not
form part of the original text; see my paper on this poem in CAJ VII. 4, 1962.
Unfortunately verses 437 and 440 which state that the poem was composed 'on
the banks of the Sir Darya in A.H. 754 (A.D. 1353)', are among the interpolated
verses but the date must be approximately correct, since it falls within the reign
of Cani Beg Xan of the Golden Horde, during whose reign the poem was com-
posed. It is cited from the recent editions (see Studies, p. 48)as XIV MN followed
by the number of the verse.

43. Next there is the Ndlcu'l-Faridis written by Mahmiid ibn 'Ali in Xwiirazm,
or perhaps Saray on the Volga, sometime before A.D. 1358, the date of the earliest
manuscript, but not necessarily much before, since there is fairly good evidence
that the author did not die until A.D. 1360. A reproduction of one of the best
manuscripts was published in J. Eckmann, Nehcii'l-Feradis I, Ankara, 1956,
but unfortunately his index is not yet published.

44. Finally there is the free translation into Turkish of Sa'di's CulistZn. Only
one manuscript of this work has survived, and a facsimile of it, with a preface by
xxiv PREFACE
Prof. I;. N. Uzluk, was published by the Tiirk Dil Kurumu in 1954 under the
title Seyfi Serdyi Giilistan Terciirnesi. 'The translator was a native of Sarai on the
Volga, but made his translation at the Marnluk court in Egypt in A.D. 1391.

45. Quite recently there has appeared the first half of an admirable dictionary by
E. Fazylov of Qutb, MN, the Nahcu'l-firdis, and the Gulistan, with extensive
quotations and references, under the title Sfarouzbekskii yazih. Khorezmiiskie
pa~tvatnikiXIV eeka, Tashkent, 1966. I have used this work extensively to
provide refetences to the Nahcu'l-FurZdis, under the title Nahc. followed by the
page and line in Eckmann's facsimile for those words contained in this part of
the dictionary; for the rest of the vocabulary I have had to rely on a very
inadequate list of words published by KivPmettin in Z'M I V. I have not thought
it necessary to add references to the Gulistan (Gul.) except very occasionally,
since its vocabulary is practically identical with that of the other works men-
tioned.

qG. Apart from the texts mentioned above a few other Xwar. tcxts have survived
and one or two short ones have been published, at any rate in facsimile, but are
not cited herein.

47. Seven vocabularies of medieval KIP. have been published, some of them
containing some Tiirkmen ('l'hni.)words. T h e most important, and the only one
which is purely KIP., is the Codex Cumanicus, a handbook of the Koman (Kom.)
language, a KIP. dialect, in Latin, compiled early in X I V (see Studies, p. 48 and
findarnetzta). T h e text is not entirely homogeneous; the earlier part was
compiled for Italian merchants, but it also contains later additions by German
missionaries. An index to it was published in K. Grcanbech, Komanisches
FiGrterhuch, Copenhagen, 1942, and is cited as XIV KOIIZ. CC1 (for the Italian)
and C C G (for the German part); Cr. sometimes followed by the page.

48. T h e remaining six are all in Arabic, one a list of 'Turkish words in alpha-
betical order with Arabic equivalents, the others Arabic handbooks with Turkish
equivalents. All these vocabularies have a specified or inferable Egyptian Mam-
luk background, and it seems clear that basically they are handbooks of the
languages spoken by Turkish slaves brought to Egypt from southern Russia,
some of them spoke KIP. and others Tkm., an Oguz dialect. For example, Hou. I
(see para. 49) seems from internal evidence to have been compiled from oral
information collected in the Mamluk possessions in Syria. In some cases an
Arabic wofd is translated by different KIP. and Tkrn. words, in others individual
words are described as Klp. or Tkm., but in the great majority of cases no such
indication is given. The presumption in nearly all cases is that the word is Klp.,
but there are one or two passages in Id. (see para. 50) which seem to imply the
contrary.

49. Until almost today it was generally accepted that the oldest of these vocabu-
laries was the anonymous Arabic-Turkish vocabulary in 1,eiden manuscript l
 PREFACE xxv

517, Warner, published in M. 1'. Houtsma, Ein tiirlzisch-arabisches Glossar,

l,ciden, 1894, cited herein as X I ~ Ifou.
I followed by the page and line of the Arabic
tcxt. nut as this book was actually going to press an article by Rarbara Flemming
(Hamburg) was published in DPYIslam, nand 44, nerlin, June 1968, pp. 226 ff.,
in which she announced that IIoutsma, who purported to publish the exact text
of this unique manuscript had converted the date in the colophon into the figures
643, whereas the facsimile published in her article shows quite clearly the words
_talri_iawa arba'in wa sab'umija that is ($atban) A.H. 743 equivalent to (January)
A.D. 1343. Instead, therefore, of dating back to XIII and being the oldest of these
vocabularies, it goes bqck only to the middle of xrv and comes chronologically
between the two vocabularies mentioned in the following paragraphs. This
announcement unfortunately appeared too late for it to be possible to correct the
numerous references to Hou. in the dictionary.

50. There are two other xrv vocabularies. T h e Kitdbu'l-idrcik li-liscini'l-atrdk,

the only list of Turkish words with Arabic equivalents, was written in Egypt,
probably in A.D. 1313, by Aliru'l-din Abii HayyHn Muhammad ibn Yiisuf,
originally a native of Granada. A critical edition was published by A. Caferoglu,
Ahu Ifayyrin, Kitrib al-Idrrfli li-lisrin al-Atrtik, Istanbul, 1931. I t is cited as XIV
Id, followed by the page in the Arabic text.

51. T h e Kddb Bugati'l-nzu$dq fi lujati'l-turk wa'l-qifrcq was written by

CamZlu'l-din Abii Muhammad 'Abdullah al-Turki probably in the middle
of XIV and perhaps also in the Mamluk dominions in Syria. T h e only manu-
script, which is not quite complete, was published with a comprehensive index
by A. Zajqczkowski, Manuel arabe de la langue des Turks et des Kiptchakr,
Warsaw, I, 1938; I1 (title in Polish), 1954. It is cited as XIV Rul. followed by
the pagc and line of the printed text in I and the page of the manuscript in
11 (verbs).

52. There are two xv vocabularies, both surviving in unique manuscripts and
dating from early in the century, but it is uncertain which is the older. Al-
-tuhfutu'l-zakiyafilujati'l-turkj,a, an Arabic-Turkish vocabulary in alphabetical
order, mainly Klp. with a number of Tkm. words, was written almost certainly
in Egypt and before A.D. 1426 (the date of a note on the first page). I t was edited
with a facsimile, translation, and index in B. Ataiay, Ettuhfet-iiz-zekiyye fil-
-&at-it-tiirkiyye, Istanbul, 1945. I t is cited as Tzrh. followed by the page and
line of the facsimile.

53. AI-gawGnintr'1-kullba fi-dabti'l-lufati'l-turkea was compiled by an un-

known author in Cairo by cross-questioning Turks living there. T h e book is
undated, but a reference in it to Tamerlane makes it certain that it was written
in XV, and probably early in the century. T h e text was published by Kopriiliizade
Mehmed Fuad (Prof. F. Kapriilii), Istanbul, 1928. I t is cited as Kav. followed
by the page and line.
 xxvi PREFACE

54. Quite recently Prof. Zajqczkowski published an account of a short Arabic-

Kip. vocabulary entitled nl-l)rrrrat~i'l-mn&'a fi lrr~ati'l-iurklya discovered in
Florence, with an extract from the text and an index to the extract, in Rocznik
Orientdzdyczny XXIX, Pt. i, pp. 39 fF. The work is anonymous and undated
but clearly belongs to the first half of xv. It adds little to our knowledge of Klp.
but I have quoted a few words from it as xv Dru. follnwed by the page.

55. The Oguz language which is conveniently, but not quite accurately, called
'Old Osmanli'(Osm.), since the earliest texts in it date from before the foundation
of the Ottoman Empire, is recorded from mid x m , but the X I I I material isscanty.
'The earliest is a few verses in the works of MawlZnii CalElu'i-din al-Riimi (A.D.
1zo7/8-rz73/4) and a few verses in those of his son commonly called Sultan
Veled. These verses might more properly be classified as Salcuk, hut as they
are the first stage of a continuous literary tradition it seems more convenient to
classify these very early texts and other slightly later texts which are not strictly
Osm., like the k-itGb Dede Korkut, which seems to be in a Tkm. language,
probably xv., as Osm. so as to avoid an excessively complicated terminology.
A good many early works of this kind have been published with partial or com-
plete indices, but it did not seem to me necessary for the purposes of this dic-
tionary to do more than cite under the heading x ~ v f f .Osm. (since the xrrr
material is so inconsiderable) those of the words contained in this dictionary
which reappear in the Tiirk Dil Kurumu publication Tnnaklari3,le Tarama
Sozliijii, 4 vols., Istanbul, 1943-5 ; Ankara, 1953-7 ( TTS I-IV) or as 'Hrirni'
words in San. A new edition of T T S is now being published, but is not yet
sufficiently far advanced to make citation from it very convenient..

THE hiODERN LANGUAGES

56. It would not be possible to include in this huok all the evidence which could
be assembled regarding the survival in modern languages of the early words
listed herein without a much greater delay in its publication and a much greater
increase in its bulk than would be regarded as advantageous. I n any event it
is sufficiently obvious to all students of the Turkish languages that common
words like at 'a horse' and al- 'to take' still survive almost everywhere to make a
detailed proof of the point unnecessary. Nor is it very important, when a basic
word is known to survive in some or all modern languages, to know whether its
various derivatives survive also. On the other hand, for the reasons stated in
para. 8, the'subject cannot be entirely neglected, and it is important to include
at any rate some references to modern languages. This immediately raises the
question how modern languages should be classified and grouped. A good many
systems of classification have atready been suggested; there are two quite differ-
ent ones in Frmdarnenta; but for present purposes it is hardly necessary to use
anything more elaborate than a simple geographical system. Even this is open
to some objections, since there are no clear-cut geographical lines between
the modern descendants of the early languages, and some modern languages
 PREFACE xxvii

descended from different ancient languages have in the course of time de-
veloped characteristics which bring them closer to one another than to languages
with which they are genetically related. After a good deal of reflection I finally
decided upon a sixfold division: north-eastern (NE), south-eastern (SE), north-
central ( N C ) , south-central (SC), north-western (NW), and south-western
(SW). Of these the NW languages are, genetically speaking, Kip. and the SW
Oguz; the SC and probably SE are, broadly speaking, descended from Xak.
hut by different lines of descent.

57. In the NE group afe included the languages spoken, but until recently not
written, in eastern Siberia and adjacent areas. Yakut, however, which has been
isolated from the rest so long that it has acquired very special characteristics of
its own, is seldom cited, the authority used being E. K. Pekarsky, Slovar'
yakutskogo yazyka, St. Petersburg, 1907-30, cited as Pek. T h e most important
authority for the vocabulary of these languages is W. Radloff, Versuch eines
Wiirterbmhes der tiirk-Dialecte (Op-yt slocarya tyurkskikh narechii), 4 vols.,
St. Petersburg, 1888-191 I , cited as R followed by the volume in roman, and the
column in arabic numerals, individual languages being mentioned in the abbre-
viated forms used in that work with the minor alterations of spelling shown in
the List of Abbreviations. I have also used the Khakarsko-rruskii slovar', edited
by N . A. Baskakov, Moscow, 1953, cited as Hzak. sometimes followed by the
page, the Tuvinsko-russkii slovar', edited by A. A. Pal'mbakh, Moscow, 1955,
cited as Tuv. sometimes followed by the page, and occasionally the modern
Russian-Khakas, Russian-Tuvan, and Russian-Altay dictionaries.

58. I n the S E group are included the Turkish languages and dialects of Chinese
'Turkistan and adjacent areas, which have traditionally been called Eastern
Tiirki and are now called Neo-Uyiur by Soviet and Chinese scholars. These
fall into two main groups, the literary language written in Arabic script and the
spoken dialects. I have called both Tiirki. For the first, citations are from R. B.
Shaw, A Sketch of the Turki Language, Calcutta, 1878, cited a s Shaw followed
by the page, and Burhan Sehidi, Uyjurfa-Xenufa-Rusga L@at (Uigursko-
kitaisko-russkii sslcar'), Pekin, 1953, cited as B$ followed by the page.
A good many words in one dialect, 'I'aranqi, spoken in southern Siberia are
included in R., and are cited as Tar. followed by a reference to R. For the rest,
mainly dialects spoken in southern Sinkiang, I have used G. Jarring, An Eastern
Turki-English Dialect Dictionary, Lund, 1964, cited as Jarring followed by the
page. One language in this area is in a class by itself, that of the Sang Yu$r
in Kansu, the only language which can reasonably be regarded as directly
descended from early Uye. It is recorded in S. Ye. MaIov, Yazyk z h e l t y ~
uigurov, Alma Ata, 1957. cited occasionally as S a r g Yuj. followed by the page.

59. In the NC group are included K ~ r g ~(Kir.)

z and Kazax (Kzx.), called in R
Kara Kirglz and Klrg~zrespectively. I-Iistorically Klr. belongs to the same family
as the N E languages and Kzx. seems to be a KIP. dialect, but the peoples talking
xxriii PREFACE

them have livcd in close propinquity to one another for so long that they now
have many common characteristics. T h e authorities which I have used princi-
pally are, for Klr., K. K. Yudakhin's Kirgiz~ko-rzrsskiislocar', Moscow, 1965,
cited as Yrld. followed by the page, and for Kzx. Ich. Makhmudov and G. Musa-
baev, kbzakhsko-rrrsskii slotwr', Alma Ata, 1954, and 13. N. Shnitnikov's
Kazakh-English Dictionary, 'The Hague 1966, cited as MM and Shnit. respec-
tively followed by the page. I have also occasionally used the equivalent Russian-
Kir. and Russian-Kzx, dictionarirs, and only occasionally quoted R since the
modern authorities seem to be rather fuller arid more relial,lr. !

60. There arc several modern SC spoken dialects, hut the only literary language
is Uzhek (Uzb.) for which I have used A . K. Ilorovkov, Uzbeksko-russkii
slovar', Moscow, 1959, cited as Bor. followed by the page, and less often the
Russian-Uzb. dictionary of 1954. 'I'he vocabulary in H. Varnbery's &.yatakhe
Sprachstrcdien, Leipzig, 1867, is very heterogeneous in character. T h e bulk of
the words in it are classical Gag. taken, often with some errors, from various
oriental authors; the remainder seem to be colloquial XIX Uzh. words collected
by the author himself, and occasionally cited as Vanz. followed by the page.

61. T h e NW group compriscs a rather wide range of languages. Those quoted

in H include Kazan I'atar (Kaz.)and three Icaraim dialects, those of the Crimea,
Lutsk, and Troki ( f i r . , Krln., L., and T . ) but he also uses Knn. for the non-
Karairn language spoken in t h e Crimea which is indistinguishable from Osm.,
so that the only safe indication that a word is Icaraim is that it is given in the
Hebrew alphabet. T h e words quoted from these languages are rcprocluceci with I
the same abbreviations and t h e reference in R. For Kar. 'l'. I have occasion-
ally used T. Kowalski, Karaimische Texte iln Lhalekt von Troki, Cracow, 1929,
cited as Kou. followed by the page. For (Kazan) Tatar I have used the Tatarsko-
russkii sloom', Moscow, 1966, cited as K a z . or Tat., and for Karakalpak (k'K.)
and Nogay (Nog.) I have used t h e Karakalpahsko-nmki slocar', Moscow,
1958 and the Nogaisko-rrrsskii slooar', Moscow, 1963, both edited by N. A.
Baskakov and cited by the page, and occasionally the Russian-I<k, and -Nog.
dictionaries. For Kumyk (h-urn.) there is at present available nnly the Russko-
krtrnyktkii sloaar', Moscow, 1960,edited by Z. Z. nammatov; Bashkir has
diverged so far from the rest of the group that I have not taken it into account. !
No convenient authorities for minor languages like K a r a ~ a yand nalkar are at
present available. As regards Chuvash (C~rrl.)see para. z.

62. I n the SW group are included only threc languages, Azerbayjani (Az.), Osm.
(including Rep. Turkish), and Tkm. For Az. I have used various authorities
published in the Soviet Union, not citing them individually. There are many
authorities for Osm., but those which I have generally used are Sir James
Redhouse, A Turkkh and English Lexicon, in the Constantinople, 1921, reprint,
cited as Red. followed by t h e page; Sayx Sami, QiitnCs-i l'rtrki, 2 vols., Istanbul,
A.H. 1318(A.D. 1900-1) cited as Sanzi followed by the page; and occasionally the l
 PREFACE nix

A . H . 1306 ( A . D . 1888) edition of the Lehce-i O n a n Q a , cited as Leh. followed by

the page. In noting the survival of words in modern languages I have not in-
cluded those words which have recently been re-introduced into Rep. Turkish
to replace Arabic and Persian loan-words. Some of these are genuine old words
which had become obsolete in Osm., others are old loan-words like acun (for
a:ju:n, a word borrowed from Sogdian) and qag 'period' (a medieval loan-word
from Mong.), but they have not had a continuous history in Osm.

63. As pointed out in paras. 2 and 12 it is often important in tracing the history
of a Turkish word to kn6w whether it became a loan-word in Mongolian and, if
so, when, since this often throws light not only on the age of a word but also on
its original pronunciation and meaning. T h e question of such loan-words is dis-
cussed at length in Studies, Chap. I I , and it is there suggested that these words
were borrowed in three main periods, the first, probably v and VI, during which
words were borrowed by a Mongolian-speaking people, possibly the Kitafi, from
an I/r Turkish-speaking tribe, possibly the Tavgaq; the second, probably
between v111 and XII;and the third during and after the reign of Chinggis. T h e
earliest substantial remains of Mongolian are not, however, earlier than XIII. In
citing Mongolian words borrowed from Turkish I have normally used three
authorities:
(I) E. Haenisch, Worterbuch ztt Mang?~olun Ni'uca Tobca'an, Leipzig, 1939,
which contains a list of the words in the well-known Mong. X I I I Secret History
(SH), cited as Haenisch followed by the page.
(2) T h e standard, though now somewhat antiquated, dictionary of Classical
Mongolian, J. E. Kowalewski, Diciionnaire mongol-rr~sse-frangais, Kazan,
1841 ff., cited as Kow. followed by the page.
(3) A good dictionary of modern written Mongolian, The Mongol-English
Practical Dictionary, compiled by M. Haltod and others and published by the
Evangelican Alliance Mission (in the U.S.A.) 1949-53, cited as Haltod followed
by the page.

OTHER MODERN AUTHORITIES

64. I n addition to the modern authorities quoted above use has been made of
the following other modern authorities:
(I) A. Caferoglu, Uygur Siizliig'ii, 3 parts, Istanbul, 1934-8, a useful list of the
words contained in the indices to the texts enumerated in paras. 20 ( 2 ) (C) and 2 I
above and one or two others, cited as Caf.
(2) v. G., ATG, see para. 20 (2) (e).
(3) G. Doerfer, Tiirkische und mongolische Elemente im Neupernichen; I
Mcmgolische Elemenfe, Wiesbaden, 1963; I1 Tiirkische Elemente, alifbis tz, 1965;
111ditto jim bif krIf 1967, cited as Boerfkr, followed by the volume and the num-
ber of the word.
xxx PREFACE

(4) C. Brockeirnann, (Isitiirkische Grammatik der islamischen Littcrafur-

sprachen Mittelmim, Leiden, 1954, cited as Brockelmatln followed by the num-
ber of the paragraph.
(5) A. M. Shcherbak, 'Nazvaniya domashnikh i dikikh zhivotnykh v tyurk-
skikh yazykakll' ( T h e names of domcsticatetl and wild animals in the Turkish
languages'), one of several articles in Istoricheshoe razvitie leksiki tyr~rkkikh
yazykov, Moscow, 1961,cited as Shcherbak, followed by the page.
( 6 ) The reproductions of MS. No. S. J. Kr. 4 638, Packet 8 in the manuscript
coIlection of the Leningrad branch of the Institute of the Peoples of Asia,
recently published in D. I. Tikhonov, K/zozyaisivo i obshchestvennyi stroi
uigurskugo gosrrdar~twaX-Xi V vv., Leningrad, I 966, and again with transcrip-
tion and translation by E. R. Tenishev in an article called 'Khozyaistvennye
zapisi na drevncuigurskorn yazyke' in Issledovanija po granlmatike i leksike
tyurkrkikh yazykov, Tashkent, 1966. The manuscript is a late Uyg. family
archive, and is cited as Fant. Arch. followed by the line.

T H E A R R A N G E M E N T 01: I N D I V I D U A L E N T R I E S
65. In paragraphs 4, 5 , and 8 some account has been given of the kind of in-
formation which is supplied about individual words. There is not a single word
regarding which the full range of information is available, and it may therefore
be useful to set out here what the full range is and how the various items are
arranged. The word may be preceded by a code letter (see paragraph 18). If it
is a hapax legomenon (see paragraph 7) it is immediately followcd by 'Hap. leg.'.
From this point the order varies slightly. It is sometimes conveniknt to enter
next the original meaning possibly with some remarks on later developments,
but this is superfluous if the word is Hap. leg., since the quotation will supply it,
and if the word is derived it is more logical to record the derivation before the
meaning. After this it may be desirable to add sonle other remarks. If the fact
that the word is a loan-word in Mongolian is relevant, this is mentioned next.
Information regarding the survival of the word then follows. It cannot be given
earlier since there are many instances of words surviving in modern languages,
usually NE, not because they have existed continuously in those languages but
because they have been reborrowed from Mongolian, perhaps quite recently.
Finally, cross-references may be given to other words etymologically related or
other words with the same or a similar meaning. T h e quotations then follow in
the following order: Tiirkii V I I I ; v111 ff.; v111 ff. Man.; v111ff. Yen.: Uy&
VIII;IX;v111 ff. Chr.; Man.-A; Man.; Bud.; Civ.; XIV Cltin.-Uyj. Lh'ct.: 0 . Klr.
IX R.: Xak. XI (including KB); XII(?) KB VP; XIII(?)KBPP; At.; Tef.; XIV
Rbg., Mlrh.: A r g u , Cigil, Gancak XI: Gas. xv ff.: Oguz XI: Xwar. XIII
'Ali; XIII(?)02,; XIV Qqtb, MN, Nahc.: KIP. XI: Kom, XIV CCI, CCG; Cr.:
Klp./Tkm. x ~ r Hou.;
r xrv Id., B d . ;xv Tuh., Kav., Dur. : Osm. XIV ff.

66. In eonclusion may I very humbly submit that this book contains a vast
translations, and references, ancl that it is hard to believe
nllmh.-r nf n~~otations.
 PREFACE xxxi

that in such a large flock there are no black sheep? May I plead, as the father
of Turkish lexicography did nine centuries ago, that yazma:s atim yagmur
yay1ma:s bilge: yagku: 'the only shot that never misses is the rain, the only
scholar who never makes a mistake is the echo' K q . I11 379, 2 0 , and present in
advance my apologies for these and other shortcomings.
It would not be proper for me to end this preface without expressing my
sincere gratitude to the British Academy for their generous contribution to-
wards the cost of producing this volume.

/
G E R A R DCLAUSON
August 1968
 ABBKEVIATIONS, S H O R T TITLES, ETC.
A Code letter, para. 15.
ADAW Abhandlungen, etc., para. 20 (2) (e).
AKPAW see ADAW.
A.N. Abstract noun; cf. Conc. N.
APA W see ADAW.
a.0. another occurrence.
a.o.0. and other occurrences.
Abl. Ablative case.
Acc. ; acc. to Accusative case; according to.
Adj. Adjective.
Adv. Adverb.
'Ali para. 38.
Alt. Altay, NE dialect, later called Oyrot, now Gornoaltay (Mountain
Altay), para. 57.
Aor. Aorist.
Ar . Arabic.
Ash. Ashmarin, para. 2.
At. Atebetil'l-hakayk, para. 30.
Aux. Auxiliary (verb).
Az. Azerbayjani, SW language, para. 62.
B Code letter, para. 15.
BS Burhan Sehidi, para. 58.
Bad. BaaZ'i'u'l-luiat, para. 34 (I).
Bar. Baraba, NE dialect, para. 57.
Bas. Prof. N. A. Baskakov, para. 57.
Bor. Prof. A. K. Borovkov, para. 60.
Brockelmann pars. 64 (4).
Bud. Buddhist ( U ~ g u r )para.
, 21 (3) (c).
Bul. Bul&tu'l-mqtZq, etc., para. 50.

C (I) Code ktter, para. 15; (2) prefix 'Compound', para. 18 (I).
CAJ Central Asiatic Journal.
CCG Codex Cumanicus, German entries, para. 47.
CC1 Codex Cumanicus, Italian entries, para. 47.
cf. (Latin) confer, 'compare'.
c. i. a. p. (a. 1.) common in all periods (and languages).
Caf. Caferoilu, para. 64 (I).
Caus. Causative (form of verb).
Chin.-Uyg. Dict. ChineseUygur Dictionary, para. 27.
Chr. Christian (Uygur), para. 21 (3) (a).
Chuas. Chuastuanift (XwZstwanLifi),para. zo (2) (e).
Civ. Civil ( U y k r ) , para. 21 (2) (d).
Conc. N. noun describing a concrete object, cf. A.N.
Co-op. Co-operative (form of verb); cf. Recip.
Cai. Cagatay language, para. 29.
@v. Chuvash language, para. 2.

D (I) Code letter, para. 15; (2) prefix, 'Derived', para. 18 (2).
Dat. . Dative case.
R641126 b
xxxiv A B B R E V I A T I O N S , S H O R T TITLES, ETC.

Den. Denominal, derived from a noun.

der. derived.
Desid. Desiderative (form of verb).
Dev. Deverhal, derived from a verb.
Dict. Dictionary.
Dim. Diminutive (form of noun).
Dis. Dissyllable.
do. ditto, 'the same'.
Iloerfer Prof. G. Doerfcr, pnra. 64 (3).
E (I) Code letter, para. 15; (2) prefix, 'Error', para. 18 (8).
ET' Y Eski Tiirk T'aztflori, para. 20 (2) ( a ) .
e.g. (Latin) esetnpli gratia, 'for example'.
Emph. Emphatic (form of verb).
esp. especially.
etc. (Latin) et cetera, 'and others'.
F prefix, 'foreign loan-word', para. I 8 (3).
f. form.
ff. and following (pages, etc.).
Fam. Arch. Family Archiz,e, para. 64 (6).
fr. from.
Fundamenta para. 28.
C; Code letter, para. 15.
G Code letter, para. 15.
Gen. Genitive case.
Ger. Gerund.
Giles H. A. Giles, Chinese-Englisli Dictionary, London, 1912.
Gr. Prof. I<. Gronbech, para. 47.
H I, I1 21 (3) (d).
Heillzirnde, etc., para.
Haenisch Prof. Erich Haenisch, para. 63 (I).
Haltod Matthew Ilaltod, para. 63 (3).
Hap. leg. Hapax legomenon, 'occurring only once', p m . 7.
Hend. Hendiaduoin, two words combined to give one meaning.
IIou. M. T h . Iloutsma, para. 49.
Iliien-ts. Iliien-tsang, pam. 21 ( 3 ) (c).
I inscription of Kill TPgin, para. zo ( I ) ( b ) .
II inscription of Bilge: Xagan, pnra. 20 ( I ) (c).
111 Karnhalgasun inscription, para, 2 1 (2).
I.e. (Latin) id est, 'that is'.
f d. Kiidbrt'l-idrcik, etc., para. 50.
Imperat. Imperatil-e (mood of verb).
Inf. Infinitive (of verb).
Instr. Instrumental case.
Intrans. Intransitive (verb).
IrkB Irk Bitig, para. 20 (2) ( d ) .
Ix. Ixe-xu~otuinscription, para. 20 ( I ) (d).
JIiAS Jotrrriul of the Royal Asiatic Society.
Jarring Dr. Gunnar Jarring, para. 58.
KB Kt~tn_d.Qrr:Bilig, pnra. 2 3 .
KBPP Prose Preface of KB, para. 23.
I<BVP Verse Preface of KB, para. 23.
 ABBREVIATIONS, S H O R T TITLES, ETC.

Ka$. Kaqa, N E dialect, para. 57.

Kar.Krm. Karaim, N W language, Crimean dialect, para. 6 1 .
Kar. L. ditto, Lutsk dialect, para. 61.
Kar. T. ditto, Troki dialect, para. 6 1 .
Karg. Karagas, N E dialect, para. 57.
Ka3. Kfi~Rari,para. 23.
Kav. Qawrinintc'l-kulliya, etc., para. 53.
Kaz. (Kazan) Tatar, N W language, para. 61.
Khak. Khakas, N E language, para. 57.
KIP. KlpZak, N W language, para. 25, etc.
Klr. K~rAlz,NC language, para. 59.
Kiz. K i z l l , P E dialect, para. 57.
Kk. Karakalpak, N W language, para. 61.
Koib. Koibal, N E dialect, para. 57.
Korn. Koman, N W language, para. 47.
Kow. (I) T. Kowalski, para. 61; (2) J. E. Kowalewski, para. 63.
Krm. Krirn, the Crimea; (I) see liar. K r m ; (2) S W language, para. 6 1 .
Kuan. Kuanfi h Pusar, para. 21 (3) ( C ) .
Kurn. Kurnyk, N W language, para. 61.
Kumtl. Kumandu, N E dialect, para. 57.
Kiier. Kiierik, N E dialect, para. 57.
Kzx. Kazax, NC language, para. 59.

L Code letter, para. 15.

1.-W. loan-word.
Leb. Lebed, N E dialect, para. 57.
Leh. Lelzce-i Osmaniye, para. 62.
Ligeti Prof. L. Ligeti, para. 27.
lit. literal, literally.
LOC. Locative case.

M Code letter, para. 1 5 .

M I, 11, 111 lLIanichaica I, etc., para. 20 (2) (b).
MM Makhmudov and Musabaev, para. 57.
MN Mu!zabbat NCma, para. 4 2 .
MS., MSS. manuscript, manuscripts.
Mal. S. Ye. Malov, para. zo ( 2 ) (b).
Man. Manichaean (texts, dialects, etc.), paras. 20 (2) (e), 21 (3) (b).
Man.-A Manichaean Uyg.-A dialect.
Man.-uig. Frag. para. 20 (2) (e).
Mel. Melioranski, para. 33.
metaph. metaphorical, metaphorically.
Mon. Monosyllable (other than a verb), para. I 5.
Mon. V. Monosyllabic verb, para. IS.
Mong. Mongolian (language).
Muh. ibn MuhannB, para. 33.

N. (I) Code letter, para. I g ; (2) noun.

N./A. nounladjective, a word performing both functions.
N.1A.S. ditto connoting a situation or state.
N.Ac. Nonzen actionis, a noun describing an action.
N.Ag. Nomen agentis, a noun describing one who performs an action.
NC north-central language group, para. 59.
NE north-eastem language group, para. 57.
N.I. Nomen instmmenti, a noun describing an instrument or tool.
 xxxvi A B B R E V I A T I O N S , S H O R T T I T I , E S , ETC.

n.m.e. no main entry.

n.0.a.b. noted only as below.
N. of Assn. Noun describing persons associated in some way.
N.S.A. Noun describing a single action.
NW north-western language group, para. 61.
Nahc. Nahnr'l-Faredis, para. 43.
Neg. Negative (form of verb).
Nog. Nogay, NW language, para. 61.
0. Kir. Old K I ~ &language, para. 22.
0.0. other occurrences.
og. Oiuz h z n ~ e para.
, 39.
Ongin Ongin inscription, para, zo ( I ) (e).
Osm. Osmanli, SW language, paras. 5 5 , 62.

P., PP. page, pages.

P.N. Proper, or personal name.
P.N./A. Possessive Noun/Adjective.
PP Prof. Paul Pelliot, para. 2 1 (3) (c).
PU re fix, 'pronunciation uncertain', para. 1 8 (4).
Pal. A. A. Pal'rnbakh, para. 57.
para., paras. paragraph, paragraphs.
Particip. Participle.
Pass. Passive form of verb.
Pe. Persian.
pec. to peculiar to (a particular language, etc.).
Pek. L. K. Pekarsky, para. 57.
Perf. Perfect tense.
Pfahl. para. 2 1 (3) (c).
phr. phrase.
Pres. Present tense.
Priv. N./A. Privative N./A. connoting non-possession of something.
prob. probably.
prov. proverb quoted.

q.v. (Latin) quod wide, 'see that (word, etc.)'.

Qutb para. 4 1 .

R ( I ) Code letter, para. 15 ;(2) W. W. Radloff's V m s t ~ h etc.

, paras. 16,
57.
RbE. Rabgfizi, para. 32.
Recip. Reciprocal form of verb, morphologically same as Co-op.
Red. Sir James Redhouse, para. 62.
refce., refces. reference, references.
Refl. Reflexive form of verb.
Rep. Turkish Republican Turkish, the language now spoken in Turkey.
Rif. Kilisli Rif'at, para. 33.

S ( I ) Code letter, para. I S ; (2) prefix, Secondary form, para. 18 ( 5 ) .

SC south-central language group, para. 60.
SDD Soz Derleme Dergisi, Istanbul, 1939ff.
SE south-eastern language group, p a n . 58.
SH Secret History of the Mongols, para. 60 (I).
s.~.a.rn.l.(g.) survives in all modem languages (language groups).
s.i.m.m.l.(g.) survives in most modem languages (languages groups).
SKPAW Sitzungsbm'chte, etc., para. zo (a) (e).
 ABBREVIATIONS, S H O R T T I T L E S , ETC. xlorvii

s.0.i. survives only in.

SPAW see SKPAW.
S.V. (Latin) sub woce, 'under the word . .'.
SW south-western language group, para. 62.
Sag. Sagay, N E language, para. 57.
Sami $eyh Sami, para. 62.
San. Sanglax, para. 34 (3).
Sang Yujj. Sang Yugur, modern S E language, para. 58.
Sec. Secondary (form).
Shaw R. B. Shaw, para. 58.
Shcherbak A. M. Shcherbak, para. 64 (5).
Shnit. B. N. Shnitnikov,.para. 59.
sic (Latin) sic, 'thus'.
Studies Turkish and Mongolian Studies, para. I.
Suci Suci inscription, para. 21 (2).
Suff. suffix.
Suv. Suvarnaprabhfisaszitra, para. 2 1 (3) (c).
syn. W. synonymous with.
$ Code letter, para. 15.
SS $eyh Suleyman, para. 35.
Sor N E language, para. 57.
Su. Sine-usu inscription, para. 2 1 (I).

T inscription of (VU) Tofiukuk, para, zo ( I ) (a).

T M IV Tiirkiyat AIemuasr I V, para. 2 I (3) (c).
TT Tflrkirche Turfantexte, para. 20 (2) (e).
TTS Taniklariyle Tarama SiizIi@i, para. 55.
Talas inscriptions near River Talas, para. zo (2) (c).
Tar. , E dialect, para. 58.
T a r a n ~ lS
Tara N E dialect, para. 57.
Tat. Tatar, N W language, para. 61.
Tef. Tefsir, para. 28.
Tel. Teleut, N E dialect, para. 57.
Ti*. Ti$astvustik, para. 21 (3) (c).
Tkm. Turkmen, S W language, paras. 47, 62.
Tob. Tobol, N E dialect, para. 57.
Trans. Transitive (verb.).
Tris. I'risyllabic or longer word, other than verb, para. 15.
Tub. Tuba, N E dialect, para. 57.
Turki SE language, para. 55.
Turku early l a n g u a ~ e para.
, 20.
Tuv. Tuvan, N E language, para. 57.

U I, etc. Uigurica I, etc., para. 21 (3) (c).

usp. Uigurische SpmchdenkmiiZer, para. 21 (3) (c).
uyg. Uygur language, para. zr .
Uyg.-A Uykur A dialect, para. 21.
Uzb. Uzbek, S C language, para. 60.

v. verb.
v. (Latin) wide, 'see'.
v. G. A T G A. von Gabain, Alttiirkische Grammatik, para. 20 (2) (e).
v.1. (Latin) varia lectio, 'alternative reading'.
vu prefix, vocalization uncertain, para. 18 (6).
VIII, etc. the 8th, etc., century A.D.
 A B B R E V I A T I O N S , S H O R T TITLES, ETC.
Varn. A. Vambhy, para. 60.
Vel. V. de Vkliaminor-Zemov, para. 34 (2).
W. with
Wind. para. 20 (2) (3).
XI,etc. the r rth, etc. century A.D.
Xak. the Xakani language, para. 2 3 .
Xwar. the Xwarazmian (Turkish) language, para. 37.
Y Code letter, para. rg.
Yen. the inscriptions on the River Yenisei, paras. 20 ( 2 ) (h), 22.
Yud. Prof. K. K. Yudakhin, para. 59.
z Code letter, para. 15.
Zaj. Prof. A. Zajlczkor=ki.
Zam. Zarnax~ari,para. 36.
 SUFFIXES
THEimportance of Suffixes in the formation of the Turkish vocabulary needs
no explanation, and nearly every Turkish grammar contains lists of the Suffs.
(excluding declensional and conjugational Suffs.) used to form derived words.
There are, for example, extensive 1is.t~in v. G., ATG, paras. 44 to 167 and
Brockelmann, paras. 20 to 121 and 148 to 176. I included such a list in Studies,
pp. 143 ff. and made s o p e corrections and additions to it in Three Notes on
Early Turkish, Turk Dili Aragtlrmalarl Y1111&, 1966, pp. I ff. T h e following is a
more complete list of the Suffs. identified in this dictionary. I t is divided into
five parts, each arranged in a reversed alphabetical order from the last letter
backwards. T h e first two parts contain the Suffs. attached to Nouns (including
under this heading all words which are not Verbs) and Verbs respectively to
form derived Nouns, and the next two parts the Suffs. attached to Nouns and
Verbs respectively to form derived Verbs. T h e fifth is a list of Noun endings,
which are not technically Suffs., since if they are removed what is left is not
a recognizable Turkish word, but are found at the end of a sufficient number of
Nouns with similar meanings to suggest that they form a class of some sort.
Two of these endings are known Iranian Suffs., and the words to which they are
attached must be Iranian loan-words. Some other endings are not recognizably,
or even probably, foreign and seem to go back to a period far beyond our ken,
when the Turkish vocabulary was being built up by methods which have long
since been forgotten. Between these two classes are some endings which might
be, but are not necessarily, foreign. I t is noticeable that there is a high proportion
of names of animals, insects, and plants in words with these endings.
It should be noted that, although there is commonly supposed to be a clear
distinction between Denominal and Deverbal Suffs.. the division is not at all
clear cut; several Suffs. which might be regarded as properly Den., like -cl:,
-duruk, also occasionally occur as Dev. Suffs., and the Dev. Suff. -ma:k
occasionally as a Den. Suff.
scattered through K*. are several remarks on the functions of some of these
Suffs.; the relevant references are given in the lists below.
T h e concept of Active, Passive, Transitive, and Intransitive Verbs is a familiar
one in all grammars; in Turkish the same terms must necessarily also be applied
to N.s and N./A.s, since, for example, Dev. N.A.s like smuk (an- -uk) 'broken',
kaqiirme: (k6giir- -me:) 'travelling (stove)', and C~idiit(&d- -iit) 'hearing' can
be translated only by Participles.
T h e word 'dominant' applied to a Suff. beginning with a vowel means that
this vowel is an integral part of the Suff. and if the word to which it is attached
ends in a vowel it is the latter that is elided, e.g. tarmut (tarnz(a:-)-ut).
When a Suff. consisting of, or beginning with, a vowel is attached to a Dis. or
Dis.V. ending in a consonant the second vowel of the V. is usually, but not
always, elided, e.g. adrl: (ad(z)r-I:), but biriki: (birik-i:).
 XI SUFFIXES

It should be noted that when a Suff. beginning with +/-g- is attached to a

word ending with - n the two sounds are comhined as -I)-, e.g. yagak(yan-iak)
and that when such a Suff. is attached to a word ending in -91-8 or - k in both
cases the two sounds are combined as -kk-, which became in practice -k-, e.g.
baku: (bak-ju:), tiken (tik-gen), yaku: (yg-in:).

I. N O M I N A L SUFFIXES
(a) DENOMINAL (Den. N.)
-$a: about half a dozen words carry this Suff., which is more in the nature of an
Equative Case-ending than a Suff. Most arc Advs., like anca:, but at least
one, barqa: is used as a N./A. T h e Dim. Suff. -qa:/-qe:, which did not
appear till the medieval period, was borrowed from Pe.
-ke: Dim. Suff., only(?) in sigirke:, yipke:, perhaps a crasis of -kiiie:.
-1a:-le: very rare; forms Advs. in ayla:, tunle:, and perhaps blrle:, and Adjs.
in korkle:/kortle: if these are not I.-W.S.
-klfia:/kiiie: Dim. Suff.; very rare.
-m:/-re: forms Loc. Advs., e.g. iqre: 'inside, within'; very rare.
-ya:/ye: only in bCrye:, ylrya:, prob. Sec. f. of -ra:/-re:.
-cl:/-~i: forms N.Ag.s; see Kaf. I1 48; very common.
-nq.t:/-ngi: See -ng.
-t~:/-ti: forms Advs. from Adjs., e.g. eclgii:ti:; very rare; ? also a Dev. Suff.
-nti: forms an Ordinal, only in Bkkinti: 'second'; perhaps an earlier form of
-nq.
-tirti:/-tiirti:, etc. forms Loc. Advs., e.g. i ~ t i r t i :which is practically syn. W.
iqre: ; very rare.
-kl:/-ki: forms N.1A.s describing position in time or space, e.g. agnu:ki: 'for-
mer'; uze:ki: 'situated on or above'; fairly common in the early period; later
the practice grew up of attaching this Suff. only to words in the Loc., e.g.
evdeki: 'in the house'.
-du: dubious; only(?) in k a r d u : which might be a Dev. N.
-&I:/-gii very rare as a Den. Suff.; forms A.N.s like bnqgii:, Conc. N.s like
tuzgu:, and Adj.s like bugra:gu:; also a Dev. Suff.
-a:&:/-e:gii: dominant; forms Collectives, usually fr. Numerals e.g, iiqe:gii:
'three together', but see also iqe:gu:, yiize:gii:. t
-gu: only(?) in esrigii: syn. W. esri: 'dappled'; also a Dev. Suff., but this word
can hardly be a Dev. N./A.
-ru:/-rii: Directive Suff. meaning 'towards'; very rare; syn, W. -garu:/-gerii:.
-lam:/-geru: Directive Suff. like -ru:/-ru:; hardly to be explained as that
Suff. attached to the Dat., since it is attested in dialects earlier than those in
which the Dat. Suff. -ka:/-ke: became -ga:/-ge:; rather rare.
-layu:/-leyii: meaning 'like', e.g. biirileyii: 'like a wolf'; properly Ger. in
-U:/-U: fr. a Den. V. in -1a:-l-le:-, but usually the only recorded form of the
V. concerned.
 SUFFIXES xli

-g (after vowels) 1-a$/-ed-l$/-ig (after consonants) Dim. Suff. ; very rare, esp.
the last two.
-gag, etc. function obscure; only(?) in odgug, kugfgag, and perhaps siigig;
also a Dev. Suff.
-1eq certainly Turkish in iigleq; otherwise see List 111.
-ng/-mq/-ins/-ungl-iiq the ordinary early Suff. of Ordinals; replaced in the
medieval period by -np:/-ngi:, etc.; see also -nti:.
(F) -t a Sogdian Plur. Suff. found in tegit, t a r x a t Plurs, of tegin, tarka:n
which are prob. very old I.-w.s.
(-ta:g/-teg in words lik a n t a g 'thus' is not a Suff. but the Postposition t e : g
P
fused W. the stem of o .)
-lig/-lig/-lug/-lug forms Poss. N./A.s, see Kaj. 1500;very common.
-S@/-sig forms N.1A.s meaning 'resembling (something)' and the like; pro-
perly Dev. N.1A.s in -21-g fr. Simulative Den. V.s in -M:-/-si:-, but the
actual V s are seldom recorded; rare.
-k/ (after vowels and -r) -ak/-ek (the normal forms) 1-lk/-ikl-uk/-iik (all
rare) usually forms Dim. N.s, but also less restricted words like o r t u k ; fairly
common.
- s a y - g e k forms Conc. N.s, usually N.I.s, e.g. agirgak 'spindle-whorl'; rare.
-suk/-qiik as correctly stated in Kaf. 111226 forms Dim. N.s, but generally W.
a metaph. sense; e.g. baka: 'frog', b a k a : p k 'muscle'; very rare in the early
period, later became the commonest Dim. Suff.
-dak/-dek and also(?) -duk/-duk both very rare W. uncertain functions, see
bagirdak, beliMek, burunduk; in the last perhaps a crasis of - d u m b ;
beligdek might be a Dev. N./A. in - k fr. a Den. V. in -de:- fr. belig.
-ga:k/-ge:k usually forms Conc. N.s, e.g. egek, kidizge:k, muguzge:k,
yagak; very rare, but a common Dev. Suff.
-2uk dubious, only(?) in gamguk; commoner as a Dev. Suff.
-Ilk/-Hk/-lukl-liik usually forms A.N.s, but quite often Conc. N.s; its various
usages are analysed in Kaf. I 505 ; 5 10-1 1.
-mak/-rnek forms Conc. N.s, e.g. kogiizmek, but the connection W. the basic
N. is sometimes tenuous; very rare, but common as a Dev. Suff.
-muk/-a:muk forms N.s some of which seem to be pejorative, e.g. kara:muk,
so1a:muk; very rare.
-6ak perhaps Dim.; only(?) in baka:iiak 'the frog in a horse's hoof'.
-rak/-rek forms Comparative Adjs. ; common.
-duruk/-diiriik usually forms N.s describing pieces of equipment, e.g.
boyunduruk 'yoke'; rather rare; also a Dev. Suff.
-sa:k/-se:k properly Dev. N./A. fr. a Den. V. in -sa:-1-se:- but the V. itself
is sometimes not recorded; very rare attached to basic N.s, e.g. tavarsa:k,
less rare attached to Dev. N.s in -g, etc., e.g. barigsa:k; see Kq.I zq; 11
55-6.
-suk/-suk function obscure; forms Conc. N.s, e.g. ilersuk, bagirsuk,
s q a r s u k and N.I.s, e.g. tagsuk; perhaps Dev. Suff. in -uk/-iik fr. Simu-
lative Den. V s in -m-1-si:-.
 xlii SUFFIXES

-~1l/-qiI forms N.1A.s of addiction, e.g. igqil 'sickly' fr. i:g 'disease'; rare.
-&l/-gil (a) attached to Numerals, e.g. iiqgil 'triangular'; ( b ) otherwise forms
N.1A.s relating to colour or shape, e.g. bavgil, t a r g l l , klrgil, yipgil, yal&l;
rare; also Dev. Suff.
-s11 in a r s d , syn. W. a:r, 'auburn'; prob. a Dev. h'.jA. in -11 fr. a Simulative
Den. V. in -M:-; the alternative spelling arsal is i~uprobable;both words are
I-bp. leg.
-1m1-im forms Conc. N.s, only(?) in e l l r i m , b a r ~ m a; common Dev. Suff.
-dam/-dem forms N.1A.s meaning 'resembling (something)', e.g. t e g r i d e m
'god-like'; rare.
-am/-em/-un an obsolete Plur. Suff. (see I i q . 1 7 6 ) ; only(?) in oela:n, ere:n,
bodun, and perhaps oze:n.
-qin/-qin function obscure; only(?) in b a l l k q ~ n kokqinjkiikgin.
,
-ttn/-tun/-din/-dun, etc. a Loc. Suff., e.g. tagttn 'outside'; to be distinguished
fr. the partially homophonous Abl. Suff.
-&~:n/-ge:n forms Conc. N.s W. a more restricted meaning than the basic N.;
e.g. a r p a g a : n , t e m i i r g e n ; very rare; also a Dev. Suff. and an Ending.
-gun/-a:&n etc. (also -gem in yettige:n) forms Collectives, e.g. a l k u g u n ,
kadna:gun, keligiin; very rare; cf. -a:gu:/-e:gii:.
-ka:n/ke:n forms an Adj. in tegri:ken 'devout', and Temporal Advs, in
a m t l k a n , a n ~ a & n q a k a n ;very rare; also an Ending.
(-man)/-men function obscure in (PU) k u k m e n , kiizmen; in T u r k m e n
prob. a corruption of Pe. Suff. -mand 'resembling'; also a Dev. Suff.
-sin. See -ch.
-&/-ii9 ~ d j Suff. . in yklig 'windy'; Dim. Suff. in k i i l i i ~'puddle'; also a Dev.
Suff.
-daq/-dug, etc. forms Conc. N.s only(?) in o t u g , uldag, and perhaps izdeg.
- m / - e r (also - r e r in ikkirer)/-qar/-ger (after vowels) forms Distributives after
Numerals, e.g. b i r e r 'one each', and Adjs of quantity, e.g. a z a r 'a few each';
very rare; also a Dev. and Conjugational Suff.
-g/-~gl-ug,etc. function obscure; see odiig, bagrg, 2 b a : ~ kokig; , very rare;
also a Dev. Suff.
- d a : ~ / - d e :forms
~ N.s of Association indicating that two persons have a com-
mon possession of some kind, e.g. k a d a : ~'kinsman', yCrde:$ 'compatriot';
see Kaj. 1 4 0 6 . It has been plausibly suggested that this Suff. is a crasis of
the Loc. Suff. -da:l-de: and Q:$ 'companion'. Rather rarc.
-mlg\-mig only in a l t m i g , ybtrnig 'sixty, sel-cnty', a common Conjugational
Suff.
-gey only(?) in kiiqgey 'violent' fr. kii:q 'violence'.
-z demonstrably a Den. N. Suff. only in bkkiz 'twin' fr. kkki:; also a Dev.
Suff. and an Ending.
(-tiiz in kiintuz, q.v., is pmb. a separate word not a Suff., cf. -ta:g.)
-s~z/-siz/-suz/-siiz forms Priv. N.1A.s connoting the non-possession of a
thing, quality, etc.; the opposite of -112, etc.; cognate to the Den. V. Suff.
-Slra:-, etc.; very common.
 SUFFIXES xliii

(b) DEVERBAL (Dev. N.s)

-a:/-e:/-I:/-i:/-u:/-ii taken together fairly common; there isno discoverable rule
prescribing which Suff. should be attached to any given V., all being attached
to V s with unrounded and with rounded vowels; when one is attached to a V.
ending in a vowel a euphonic -y- is inserted, e.g. u1a:yu:. Usually forms
Advs., less often Conjunctions, like otru:, Postposns. like tapa:, Conc. N.s
like oprl:, adrl:, A.N.s like 3 kBce: or Adjs. like egri:, koni:.
-&:I-ge: forms Adjs., e.g. k ~ s g a : ;N./A.s, usually Active, e.g. oge:, bilge:;
and N.s either 1ntransce.g. k6li:ge: or Pass., e.g. tilge:; rare and obsolescent;
also an Ending.
-ma:l-me: forms Pass. N.s and N.1A.s; fairly commcn;-itsuse as an ordinary
Dev. N., N.Ac., etc., prevalent in Osm., did not develop till the medieval
period.
-$jma:/-gme: properly a Conjugational Suff.; occasionally forms N.s like
t a n l g m a : 'riddle'.
-qi:/-qi: forms N.Ag.s, e.g. ota:ci:, ok1:p:; common Den. Suff., very rare as a
Dev. Suff.
-gu:~i:/-gii:qi: properly a Conjugational Suff., see Kq.11 49, but occasionally
forms N.Ag.s, e.g. aygu:qi, bitigii:qi:.
-di:/-di:, etc. a common Conjugational Suff., sometimes used to form Pass.
N./A.s, usually attached to Refl. V s , e.g. iidrundi:, occasionally to basic V.s,
e.g. tigdi:, alka:ds:, sokti:.
-tl:/-ti: different fr. the foregoing; used to form Advs., e.g. arltr:, uza:tl:,
tuke:ti:; very rare; also a Den. Suff.
-p:/-qii: forms Pass. N./As; attached only to Refl. f s ; syn. W. -dl:, etc.; rare.
-du:, etc. in egdu:, umdu:, siiktii: seems to be a Sec. f, of d ~ : .
-&:l-gii: properly a Conjugational Suff. but forms a good many N.s and N./As;
rather more than half are N.I.s, e.g. bi1e:gii: 'whetstone'; most of the remain-
der are Conc. N.s, e.g. kedgu: 'clothing'; the rest are miscellaneous, e.g.
02la:gu: 'gently nurtured'; it appears in crasis in words like ertigii: and
yaku:.
(-yu:, etc.; see -a:, etc.)
-G forms ordinary N.Ac.s, N./A.S.s, etc.; attached only to Refl. f.s (and tin-);
prob. a crasis of -iq etc. which seems not to be attached to Refl. f.s in the early
period ; common.
-ga:q/-geq only(?) in bosgeq, a Conc. N., and kisgaq, a N.I. in the early
period but commoner later; perhaps merely a Sec. f. of -&I$.
-&/-&$G normally forms N.I.s, e.g. blqguq; rare; also a Den. Suff.
-ma~J-meq forms names of foodstuffs, e.g. t u t m a q ; rare.
-t (only after -r-)/-ut/-iit dominant; forms N.Ac.s, A.N.s, and Conc. N.s which
are usually Active; rare.
-gut/-giit usually describes persons, e.g. alpa:gut, u r u g u t , baya:gut, and
(etymologically obscure) ura:gut; also forms A.N.s, etc. in ogiit, Capgut,
krzgut, etc.; very rare and obsolescent.
 xliv SUFFIXES I

- g / - ~ g / - j g / - u g / - i i g the commonest Dev. Suff. ; forms a wide range of Dev.

N.s and N./A.s, N.Ac.5, etc.; see K q . 126-7.
- q ~ s / - c i gforms Intrans. and Pass. N.1A.s; attached only to Refl. f.s; perhaps a
crasis of -~slg/-qsig,in which case the words concerned are N.1A.s in -Ei, fr.
Simulative V s in -sI:-14:- fr. Dev. N.s in -G.
-k (after vowels and -r-)/-ak/-ek/-~k/-ik of these -k is rather common, the
rest rather rare. Practically syn. W. -2; there does not seem any discoverable
rule for deciding which Suff. should be used, but on the whole most words
ending in -g, etc. are N.s and most words ending in -k, etc. are N./A.s, but
it also forms A.N.s, e.g. emge:k, k l h k ; Conc. .N.s, €.g. kesek, and N.I.s,
e.g. b q a k . See Kq.1 2 7 .
-uk/-uk (-ok/-ok) dominant (e.g. in a g r u k , esriik); usually forms Intr. or
Pass. N.1A.s; also a few Pass. N.s, e.g. b u y r u k , kopiik, koliik. Common.
-qak/-qek and - p k / - q u k not direct variants since the first is also attached to
V.s containing rounded vowels and the second to V s containing unrounded
vowels; the semantic difference may be the same as that between - a k and -uk.
Both form Conc. N.s and N.1.s; rare. Also a Den. Suff.
-dak/-dek it is doubtful whether this is a Dev. as well as a Den. Suff., but
o r d e k looks more like a Dev. N. than a Den. N.
-duk, etc. properly a Conjugational form (Perfect Participle, etc.) but K-a$. I
65 may well be right in defining a g d u k as a Dev. N./A. W. this Suff.
-Ea:k/-ge:k usually forms N./A.s connoting habitual or repeated action; also
a few Conc. N.s, e.g. iggek, kudur$ja:k, and N.I.s, e.g. bi&a:k, targa:k
W. the same connotation implied; cf. -8a:nl-ge:n.
-guk/-guk forms Conc. N.s and some N.1.s; rare.
-ma:k/-me:k properly the Infinitive Suff., but also used to form a few Conc. .
N.s, e.g. qakma:k, and, with vocalic assimilation, iigriimuk.
-duruk/-djiruk forms N.s describing pieces of equipment, e.g. tizildiiriik;
very rare; also a Den. Suff.
-slk/-sik forms N.Ac.s, usually Intrans.; properly the Suff. -k attached to a
Simulative V. in -W-1-si:-, but the V.s themselves are not noted; rare.
-yuk/-yiik properly a Conjugational Suff., see v. G. ATG, para. 218, but forms
some Intrans. N.1A.s; note the -n-y- crasis in bulgafiuk, etc.; rare.
-1 (after vowels)/-ll/-il forms N.1A.s usually Intrans. or Pass.; rare.
-&l/-gil in klzgll relates, like the Den. Suff., to colour; in b@ll forms a N.I.;
yery rare.
-m/-am/-im/-uml-iim properly describes a single action, e.g. o l u m 'death'
(you can only die once) or iqim 'a single drink', but sometimes used less pre-
cisely as a N.Ac. or Conc. N.; common.
-n/-en-(?only in evren, tevren) 1-in/-in/-un/-un partially dominant, see,
e.g. uzun, tutiin fr. uza:-, tute:-, but after vowels -n is more usual; forms
N.1A.s and Conc. N.s, usually Intrans.; not very common.
-2a:nl-gem properly a Conjugational form, Present Participle, but, at any rate
in K q . , connoting repeated or habitual action, see Kq. 124; 11 53; fairly
common; cf. -ga:k/-ge:k; also a Den. Suff. and Ending.
 SUFFIXES xlv

-gm/-gin (after unrounded vowels) 1-gun/-giin (after rounded vowels) forms

N.s and N./A.s, usually Intrans. or Pass.; not very common; -gun/-giin also
a Den. Suff.
-ma:n/-me:n forms N.1.s; very rare; also a Den. Suff.
-g/-ag (in qalag)/-Ug (in b u r u p ) very rare; the full phonetic range is prob.
wider; forms N.s and N./A.s, exact function obscure.
-gag only( ?)in ayanqag; perhaps connotes habitual action.
-ar/-er/-lr/-ir/-ur/-ur properly an Aor. Participial Suff. ; forms a few N.s and
N.1A.s.
- m u r only( ?) in yagmur/and perhaps c a s m u r .
-S only(?) in ales; ? Sec. f. of -z.
-gas only(?) in b y g a s ; perhaps Sec. f. of -8aq.
-g/-~g/-191-ug/-ug there are perhaps two different series here, cf. -k, etc. and
-uk/-iik; in some cases a vowel is followed by -g but in others the -19, etc.
are dominant, e.g. a l k q , uliig,arvig, b u s u g , fr. a1ka:-,ule:-,arva:-,busa:-,
and, although these words are N.Ac.s, in some cases, e.g. u r u g k t t i n g one
another', the action is reciprocal, in others, e.g. a@$ 'rising' it is neutral or
at most co-operative; cf. the Dev. V. Suff. -S-, etc. T h e connotation of 'a way
of (doing something)', prevalent in Osm., is unknown in the early period.
Common.
-21-~z/-iz/-uz/-uz forms N.s and N./A.s, usually Intrans. or Pass., but precise
function obscure; it is doubtful whether 1 i5:z and u z should be regarded as
Dev. N.s fr. 6:- and U:- as Bang suggested; very rare and obsolescent.
-duz forms an Intrans. N./A.; only( 7) in m u n d u z .

H. V E R B A L S U F F I X E S
(a) DENOMINAL (Den. V.s)
-a:-/-e:-/-1:-1-i:-1-U:-/-ii:- the first two fairly common, the rest rare; attached
only to consonants; prob. the oldest Den. V. Suff., forms Intrans. and less
often Trans. V s ; see K q . I 20.
-da:-/-de:-/-ta:-/te:- rare and attached only to a limited range of consonants,
forms only(?) Trans. V.S.
-ka:-/-ke:- very rare; only(?) in irtnqke:- and yar1tka:-, and, in the Refl. f.,
a g r l k a n - ; in the last two the -k- is a crasis of -gk-.
-1rka:-1urka:-, etc. function obscure, very rare; see tag1rka:-, tsoyorka:-,
and, in the Refl. f., alptrkan-, iizirken-; see the Dev. Suff. -1rkan-.
-1a:-/-1e:- attached to all vowels and consonants; forms Trans. and Intrans.
V.s; when attached to the names of parts of the body means 'to strike-on the
.. .'; see Kq.1 2 2 ; much the commonest Den. Suff.
-ra:-/-re:- a very rare Sec. f. of -1a:-1-1e:-, e.g. kekre:-, kiikre:-.
-stra:-/-sire:- forms Priv. Den. V.s meaning 'to be without, or deprived of,
something', e.g. assire:-; cognate to the Den. N. Suff. -$U, etc.;. rare and
obsolescent.
xlvi SUFFIXES
-M:-l-se:- forms Desid. Den. V.s; fairly common; these V.s form two classes:
( I ) those derived fr. basic N.s, e.g. evse:- 'to long for home'; (2) those derived
fr. N.Ac.s, e.g. bar&a:- 'to wish to go'. Also a Der. Suff., cqually common;
in Kaj. 1281, 1 1 it is said that barsa:- is permissible, but b a r ~ k s a : -the more
usual form. See also I 279 ff.
-11:- (-1i:-) very rare Sec, f. of -la:-/-le:-, e.g. tum11:-.
-M:-14:- forms Simulative Den. V s , e.g. a p g s l : - ; very rare in the basic f.
but sce -sin-/-sin-; sec K-of.1282; also a Dev. Suff.
-d- (after vowels)/a:d-l-e:d- (after consonants) these \'.S arc usually Intrans.
and mean 'to be, or become (something)', but occasionally Trans., e.g.
k6ze:d-; as in the Perf. the -g- merged with the Suff. -tl:/-ti: and became
-ttl:/-tti:, Kq.erroneously indexed some of these V.s W, final -t- but it is
unlikely that this was the pronunciation except in the I'erf.
-it- ( ?-id-) the nature of this Suff. in togit- and terit- is obscure.
-k- (only after vowels)/-lk-l-ik-l-uk-/-uk- forms Intrans., and occasionally
Pass., V s ; see Kaf. 1 2 0 ; 11118,165; rather common.
-1- forms Intrans. V.s, e.g. tusui-; very rare; also a Dev. Suff.
-sm-/-sin- the Refl. f. of -sl:-l&:- forming Intrans. Simulative V.s; rare when
attached to basic N.s, e.g. nlu&ln-, but fairly common when attached to
N.S.A.s in -m, etc., e.g. alirnsln- translated in Kaf. I 70. 'to pretend to take,
without actually taking'; see also II 202, 259; there are several hybrid forms
likc begimsin- in which -im- is inserted between the basic N. and the Suff.
-r- (after vowels) /-ar-/-er- (the ordinary form after consonants) I-lr-/-h
(very rare, after Dis. N.s in which the second vowel, -1-l-i-, is elided, e.g.
kurglr- fr. k u r t s ) forms Intrans. V.s; see K q . N 163; fairly common.
-&X-l-ger-1-kar- (after -) l(-ker-9) normally forms Trans. V.;, occasionally
Intrans. ; fairly common.
-81r-l-gir- forms Inchoative V s meaning 'almost to do (something); to be on
the point of doing (something)', (see R a j . I 1 zoo, which relates to Dev. V.s);
e.g. t a z g ~ r - t, o z g ~ rvery
; rare; also a Dev. Suff.
-8- identical W. the Dev. Suff. -S-, etc.; noted only in arkng-.

(b) DEVERBAL (Dev. V.s)

-sr\:-l-se:- forms Desid. V s ; see K q . 1 2 1 ; also a Den. Suff.; fairly common.
-sl:-l-si:- forms Simulative V s , e.g. emsi:-; very rare; also a Den. Suff.
-p- l'rans, and prob. Emphatic in to:&, ko:d-, yo:d-, yiid-.
-t- (after vowels and -r-) 1-it-l-it/-ut-l-iit- the only common Suff. of Caus.
V.s fr. basic V.s ending in vowels; the other forms are rather rare. See Kaf. I
20.
-k- (after vowels and -r-)l-lk-1-ik-1-uk-l-iik- when attached to Intrans. V.s
intensifies the meaning, e.g. a:G- 'to be hungry'; aqlk- 'to be famished', see
K f i ~ . 1 zo; when attached to Trans. V.s forms either Pass. V.s, e.g. San$- 'to

rout'; sanglk- 'to be routed'; or Intrans. V.s, e.g. bol- 'to divide, separate'
('l'rans.); boliik- 'to separate, part' (Intrans.); rather rare.
- t ~ k - l - d u k - forms Emphatic Pass. V s , only(?) in bulduk-, bastlk-.
 SUFFIXES xlvii

-sik-l-sik-/-suk-/-siik- forms Emphatic Pass. V s , e.g. bil- 'to know';

bilsik- 'to be well known, notorious'; see K 4 . I zr ; N 138, 237; rare.
-I-l-11-lil-l-ul-l-ul- the normal Suff. for Pass. \;.S; see Kq.I 2 1 ; II 138,237;
very common.
-n-l-m-l-in-l-un-/-h- forms Refl. V.s, which acc. to Kaf. had four shades of
meaning 'to do something to oneself, for oneself, or by onesclf; or pretcnd to
do something but not actually do it' (the last practically unknown elsewhere);
it was also used to form Intrans. and sometime Pass. V.s fr. Trans.; see Kq.
I z r , I I 168, 254; very common.
-irkan-l-irken- in isirken-, klsirkan-; function obscure; see Den. ?Suff.

-r- (in one or two V s , urper-, k u r ~ ryClpir-,

, etc.)/-q~r-/-qir- (in tamqlr-
kulqir-)I-&--/-&- (perhaps occasionally -8ur-/-@I--; rare) /-sir- (in
kulsir-) all form Inchoative V s ; see the Den. Suff. -5ir-l-gir-.
(ar-)/-er-l-ur-l-iir-, attached only to consonants, the first two very rare, the
second two fairly common, form Caus. V s , see Kq.1187, 199.
-dur-/-dur-l-tur-/-tur-,attached only to consonants, the commonest Suff.
for forming Caus. V s ; see Kaf. 120;11 197.
-&W-l-gur- attached only to a limited range of consonants, forms Caus. V s ;
see K4. 11198; rather rare.
- g u r - l - ~ u r - (occasionally in the Sec. f. -qur-l-cur-) is not a primary Suff. but
a combination of -9- and -ur-, the preceding vowel often being elided, e.g.
tap-, tapig-, tapgur-.
-8- (only after vowels)/-19 -1-ig -1-ug -1 -ug- forms Co-operative and Reciprocal
V s which, according to Kaf., meant 'to do (something) together (with a Plur.
Subject); to do (something) in every part (with a Sing. Subject); to do (some-
thing) to one another (with a Plur. Subject); to help (someone Dat.) to do
(something Acc.); to compete with (birle:, someone) in doing (something
Acc.). N. See Knf. 1 2 0 ; 11113 ff., 225; common.
-uz-/-iiz- (dominant, e.g. tute: -,tutuz-)l-duz-/-diiz-/-&z- I-guz- form
Caus. V s ; obviousIy cognate to -ur-, etc. (cf. -siz, -sirs:-); acc. to Kaj. 11
87 -duz- was an Okuz Suff.; see also 11164; all rare in the early period;
became commoner, and in some languages almost standard, in the later
period.

ENDINGS
-ga:/-ge, which was a rare and obsolescent Dev. N. suffix, also appears at the
end of a larger number of words which cannot be so explained. Some are
pretty certainly not 1.-w.s, others, like s i n q s a : 'crystal, glass' prob. are. T h e
list includes one, perhaps significant, pair. avlqga: 'old man', k u r t g a : 'old
woman', and several names of animals and insects qekurge:, (PU) glnqlrga:,
torcga:, k u m u r s g a : , karga:, karmgga:, kaaga:, sariqga:, etc.
-va:g/-wa:q in s a n d u w a : ~ ,yala:va$ is the Iranian word (and Suff.) mif
'voice'.
xlviii SUFFIXES 1l
-dl$ occurs in tardlq, savdrq, sagdlq. 1
-la:y/-Itq in rkl:la:q, igliq, t o d l ~ q kar&la:$,
, sokarlaq, sondtla:q, three of I
them names of birds, is prob., but not demonstrably, foreign. 1
-8a:nl-ge:n (also Den. and Dev. Suffs.)l-ka:nl-ke:n occurs at the end of
several names of animals: tavrgga:n (a very old word), tayga:n, slqga:n,
sa&zga:n, s ~ k l r k a netc.,
, and of plants: qibrka:n, tuturka:n, kara:kan, l
kovurgen, etc.
-1a:n occurs at the end of the names of several animals arslam, bakla:n, I
bula:n, bursla:n, kapla:n, kula:n, sirtla:n ('hyaena', first noted in the
medieval period), yda:n, and one title qog1a:n.
-va:r in qi&lva:r, ya1a:var is an Iranian Suff. meaning 'carrying'.
-2 occurs at the end of three numerals: ottuz, tokkuz, sekkiz; several names
of parts of the human or animal body: a&z, boguz, biiiiuz, tiz, kokiiz,
kaz; and several names of animals and insects: uyaz, toguz, kunduz, etc.,
as well as miscellaneous words like y ~ l t r zand yultuz. None of these are likely
to be 1.-w.s.
 Mon. A Uyg. vrlr ~ d a k: a v u ~ a l l m'let us assemble in
Preliminary note. There were nevcr many the bush' $U. E 10-1 I ; vrlr ff Man -A beg
tarliig rda rgaqda 'in the fi\.e k h o i bushes
Turkish words consisting of a sin,& vowel, ond and trees' M 1 8 , 19-20; kaltl rg yagf yPrden
all of them except a: became obpletr at a very tPmin o r t u r i i r p 'as one can grow bushes
eurly dote. T o Kay., with his background of almost immediately on newly planted ground'
Arabic philolog.~,the whole concept was strange, M I 14, 10; b i r n a r w a n ( ? ) a t l l g 1 a bush
but he did devote a seclion, headed rather in- called narzuan(?) (Persian ?rdrw&z'witch elm,
scrutably dawitu'l-arba'a, 'four-letter words', Ulmus montana)' Man.-uig. Frag. 400, 4; 01 I
I 39-40, in the chapter containing two-le//rr u s l n d a o l u r d l 'he sat on the top of that bush'
words of ruhich the /irst is hamza to such words. do. 401, I ; Man. n e t a g l a r l i lgaq kaya k u m
I t original/y contained one word hamza alif, four bar1 'whatever mountains, bushes, trees,
rocks, and sand there are' M 1118, 3-4 (ii):
hamza wHw, and three harnza yH, but in the ser- Bud. (fruits that grow) 1 igacda U I 27, 5 ; I
wiving M.7. some of the srcond group have had t a n g 'bushes and cultivated land' U 1 2 7 , 3 ;
letters added to them. As W is not a genuine U I1 7 7 , 27; TT I V 1 0 , 6 ; VIII K . 4 ; a.o.0.:
Turkish sound, !he second group must all have Xak. xr one says yl: y t g a : ~for 'tangled trees'
been o:, U : , o:, or U:. Of the thirdgroup one mar (mci'ltaffa mina'l-facnr), originally yi$i: 'bushy'
altnost certainly ay, /he others probably I: or 1:. (rnutar6fs) but contracted K a j . III 216 (per-
The only comnron word, I : , occurs in Ka$. as YI:, haps a false etymology); a.0. III 25 (yigi:).
ifs true nature attd menning having already been PU 2 1: Hap. leg.; apparently so vocalized in
forgotten. MS. Xak. XI I: 'a word used to express
refusal' (kalitnotu'l-ink&) alternative to 2 U:
a: Exclamation, usually vocative in character, K a j . I 40.
occasionally expressing surprise, in the early P U ?F 3 I: Hap. leg.; like many names
period usually affixed to the word qualified, of fabrics prob. a I.-W., perhaps Chinese;
later, perhaps under foreign influence, placed apparently vocalized a y ; if I: or 1: perhaps
before it. The attachment of -a/-e metrigratia some Chinese word like i 'variegated, rainbow-
at the end of lines in K B and other poems is coloured (clothing)' (Giles 5,434). Xak. X I I:
a Pe. trick, and perhaps not native Turkish. 'orange-coloured brocade' '(dihic nciranciy~r'[-
S.i.a.m.l.g.. but also in contiguous non- -[own) Kay. 1 4 0 .
Turkish I s ~ ~ u a g e Uyg.
s. vrrr ff. Bud. tllziin
o g l u m - a my good son' U I11 35, 26; ; word, no doubt hamza
P U 1 0: Hap. l e ~ . the
a n a ~ t m - a'my dear mother' U III y, 2 (ii); w6w was inadvertently omitted in the RIS. and
baxgl-a 'my teacher' U I V 2 8 , 4; a.o.0.: Xak. replaced in the margin by o:ka: presumably
XI a: an exclanx~tion (hag) of surprise (al- taken from the example; it is not cleat whether
-taha?ytrr); hence one says 01 meni: a: klldl: this word is an abbreviation of og, which
'he surprised me' K q . I 39: KU - a is a appears as below and elsewhere in the medieval
common verse-filler, e.g. tu$ teg-a (or -e?) period, or whether the latter is an expanded
rhyming with s a g a 7: Gag. xv ff. a: (sic) form,prob. the latter. X a k . xr <o:) al-kafil,
'vocative' (bar/-i nida) San. 27v. I (quotn. in- surety, security, pledge'; one says m e n a m :
cluding a: yigit 'oh youth'; also described o:ka: a l d l m 'I took him as security' (kaffaltu
as an abbreviation of a n in such words as a l a r bihi) Ka?. 1 4 0 ; (xrv M u h . 0 ) pamana u'a kafala
for anlar): Kom. XIV e 'vocative exclamation' 'to stand surety' o:glan- R$. 111 (only)):
CCG; Gr. 84 (quotn.): KIP, xv 'vocative' (al- X w a r . xrv man faknllafa li 'whoever has
-muncidi wa'l-rnufrij) a e.g. a kiqi (for ki$i) 'oh .
guaranteed to me' translated k a y u . . m a g a
man' Tuh. 60b. 2(also S&. 3 ; 85h. 7); harfu'l- 09 bolsa Nahc. 346, 7 ; same phr. 162, 6 and
-nidd a (also 8 ) placed before the name of a 15.
person called, e.g. a A l t u n b u g a Kau. 52, I I. P U 2 0: Hap. leg.; originally hamza cuciw, but
later a fatfra was placed over the hamza and an
1 I: usually translated 'vegetation', but the alif added in both places. Xak. 0: 'an exclama-
contexts show that it meant something between tion (Farf) in reply to a caller'. When yd
a plant and a tree, probably 'bush' (singular or Muhammad is called out, the man who answers
collective); n.0.a.b. Tiirkii vrrr ~ d a :tavda: says o: meaning 'what are your orders?' K a j .
k a l m ~ g l : those of them who remained in the 1 4 0 (see 2 U:).
bush and stony desert' T q ; a t i & tka: bayu:r
e r t i m i z 'we tied the horces to hushes' T 27: S 3 0: See 01.
2 RION. A
1 U: 'slccp'; thc L)cv. V. is cxccptionally u ~ I : - , thctns~lvcs( I l e ~ ~ d . I) ' h' 10, I 1 IS I); u s a r 'if
which supgests that this nord may originally possil)le' 7' I I : v111ff. k a n q a y u : uma:tl:n
have been *u:d, but that word is nowhere 'without being able to move' IrhU 16 (and
noted in this sense; not noted later than X I . four 0.0. of Neg. f.); edgiisi: uyu:rl: 'his
l'iirkii v111udn: b a s d l m l z '\ve surprised . . . good and capable men' do. 28: otsu:z s u v s u : z
in their sleep' I E 35. 37; 11 E 27; u k a (sic) kaltl: uy1:n 'how can I (gct on) without
b a s d l m ~ zT 27; v111 ff. Rlan u s t n t a o d u n t ~fodder or water?' do. 45; (the fat horse's
'he woke from his slecp' 11f I h , 21-I: UyR. mouth becarne hard) I d i d : uma:z 'its master
vrlr ff. Rlan. (gap) u u (sic) iize utjtyu 'sleeping cannot (control it)' do, 65; ada:rtu: umn:z
.
a . . sleep' T T 111 160: Bud. u v l a r ~ n t l l n 'cannot endanger him' lbyok nj, 29 ( E T Y 11
( ? read u u l a r l n d m ) o d g u t u p 'arousina . . .59): U y g . vlrr fr. R1:ln.-,\ siizleyii u m o g a y
from their slccp' U III r I , 8 ; U T T V I I I 'will hc unahlc to speak' k2 I 15, 2-3: h,lan.
4.13 (see u d ~ k ) ;Civ. utla CIsp. 77, 14 (see y o k klrn 01 ~ t r n n s a rS l m n u kiiqlge k o p u g
ucj-): Xnk, X I U: (Iatcr altered to II&:) 'sleep' u g a y 'there is nothing that he cannot d o ; by
(al-na7crn); hence one sal-s ucj1:dt:rn 'I slept', the power of Ahrinian he n d l be ahle to do
abbreviated from u:d~:dt:m Kay. I 40; u : d m everythinp' M 1 1 5, 10-1 r : Dud. b e d u m a d r
(RIS. in error tr:&rn) an]: o d g u r a : 'arousing 'hc could not give' PP IS, R (a.o.0. of Ncc. f.);
him from sleep' I1 193,4; similar phr. 1 4 6 , z o ; k l l u u s a r 'if he can make' 1'1' 35, 4; e r t i n i
a g ~ ru:nl: u q u r s a : d ~ m 'I wished to drive evdigeli u y u r 'he can collect jewels' T T Vz6,
away heavy sleep' I11 247, 23: KU U t e g 'like 91-2; Sanskrit abltawyatd 'incapacity' uma:-
sleep' 1424; k i t e r s e us1 'let him repel sleep' t a : p bo1ma:k V l I l A.44 (a.o.o.); k o r g e l i
2331 ; 0.0. 3952, 4963, 6637. u d a q l b o l g a y 'he will be able to see' Slm.
444,4: Civ. t l n a l u u m a s a r 'if he cannot draw
PU 2 U: (hi-ifhd'i'l-alif) I h p . leg.; in I*. breath' H I 141-2 (a.o.0. in I f I I ) : X a k . XI
iybi' normally means 'back-vowcls', e.g. both u g a n 'having power over all things' (ai-qadtr
1 to:z and tu:z are so described to distinguish 'ala'l-ayyi), hence God is called u g a n tegri:
them from to:z and tti:z, but, if some contrast 'almighty God' K q . I 77; (N.B. no occur-
with 2 o: is intended, it might mean, as in San., rences of U:-) u:ganqa: 'to the best of your
U not o, since ii: is not a very likely sound for ability' 1 4 4 , 2: K B u g a n b i r b a y a t 'the one
an exclamation; see 2 1:. X a k . sr U: 'an ex- almighty God' z (a.o.0.); u s n 'if possible'
clamation of refusal (!lorf inkfir) to obey an 549, 721 u g a n q a (mis-spelt rr@trp) 4256:
order' ( h b y . 1.40). SIII(?) u g a n 'God', common in At.: xrv
Rb2. u g a n uscd both as a name and as Rn
epithct of God. R 1 1007; Aiulr. qodara tun
afdqa 'to he mighty, to be able' U:- R$. I 14;
Pre1iniin:wy note. l'lrt-orrlv trao basic verbs of a/-qrjdir u:ga:n M e / . 13, I ; R$ 88; a/-qorci
this shape are U:- and 0:-; in r'ariotrs n~edieval 'powcrful', one of the names of God u:ga:n
and modern lang~ragesmore srrch vt-rbs appeored Rif. 137: G a g . xvff. u k n n (sit) 'God' Bad.
as the resnlf of the elision of f i n d consonants, e g. loo; u g a n (also, incorrectly, rrgun) 'a name of
e-/l- ( < 1 e r - ) 'to be'. God' Vel. 108 (quotns.); u g n n (spelt) 'a name
of God' San. 76 v. 18 (quotn., points out that
U:- there are a few enrly occurrences of this the word is once entered correctly in VeI. and
verb as an ordinary finite verb meaning 'to be is also split into ogan, the latter being entered
capable' and the like, but it is normally uscd separately ( V r l . 308) t5itli the same meaning
as s n Aus. verb following a verb in the Ger. f. and quotns.): X w a r . X I I I u g a n 'God' 'Ali 46;
-U:/-@ or less often -gall:/-geli:, meaning xlv ditto Qlirb 195; MN 378: Klp. x111 Allah
'to be ahlc'. Even in this sense the word is (tegri:, and in a dialect (h&) which only a
rare after X I except in the Neg. f. T h e Pres. few people know) u&:n Horr. 3, 12; xrv u g a n
Particip. uga:n, however, used as a N./A. Alldh, Id. I 5 .
meaning 'God; Almighty' survived rather
longer. T h e Inter history of the Neg. f. is dis- 0 - 'to think; to think of (something Acc.)',
cussed b y Rlal. in USp., pp. 224-5. Briefly the hcnce 'to remcniber' (something Arc.)'; often
Ger. suff. -U:/-ii: and U:- coalesced tu pro- uscd in the I-lcnd. 6- s n k l n - ; common down
duce -umn-/-iime- the 'Impossible' f. of the to XI, not traceable thereafter. T i i r k i i vrlr
verb. This stage was rcached in Osm. in the aiitg b t l i g a n t a : Kyii:r e r m i g 'thev thcn seem
early medieval eriod, hut later, probably as to have thought evil thoughts' I S 5 , 11N 4
the result of a feneral tendency to 'unround' a:qsar t o s l k o m e z s e n b i r tocjsar a:$slk
round vowels. this became -ama-/-erne-, v m e z s e n 'if you are hungry you do not
producing such forms as Osm. s e v e m e - 'to rernembcr being satiated, hut if you are once
be unable to love'. I t has becn suggested that satiated, you do not remember being hungry'
in such forms the -a-1-e- is a reduced fonn of I S 8, 11 A: 6: vrlr ff. t u r u k a t sen1ri:ti:
nl- which is used as an Aur. verb in the same y8ri:n o p e n 'a lean h o n e remembering the
sense in some modern languages, but this is placewhich fattcned him' I r h B 16: UyB. v111ff.
.
improbable. It is more plausible that the Osm. Man. -A b u s a w . . o m e k s a k l n m a k k e r g e k
Continuous Pres. Suti. - u y o r (not subject to 'he must nieditete(Hend.) on this word of his'
phonetic harmony) is a survival of the positive kfIII rz,7-8 (iii): M m . a m r a g l m o y i i r m e n
form of U:-. Tiirkii v111 etlnu: ynratu:nu: 'I think of my helovecl' W . 118, 8 : Bud. a j u n
u m a d u k 'bccause they could not organize iicleqi Sanskrit jritis~trrrr'rernenibering former
 MON. A B 3

existences' U 11 44, 34-5; burxanlarlfl 6 p ayags:z ulu/) kiqlg can hardly mean 'neither
saklnrp 'n~rditating(Ilend.) cm the Buddhas' honourable nor clishonourablc, great and small',
U 1180,61; ecigii Ggli 'having good thoughts', and this must be a rather unusual use of I a p
and ay12 6gli 'having evil thoughts' PP 'very honourable, very dishonourable': Xak.
passim; ageli k o ~ i i l g e r i p 'thinking deeply' X I a p a word taking the place of ld, 'not', as
U I1 8, 22; 0.0. 9, I : 9, 11-12 (mis-spelt in a p bu: a p 01 'neither this nor that' Koy. 134:
ongali); 47. 73-4; USp. ~ o z b .22-3, a.o.0.: KO (the mind of an ignorant man is like a sand
Xak. XI 6:dl: ne:gni: 'he understood (fafina) dune) oguz k l r s e t o l m a z a p ot yern Knlir
the matter, nftcr he had thought (tafakkara) 'if the river comes in it does not fill, nor do
about it' Kaf. I I r , 19; ome: 'do not (stop to) spices and fragrant herbs grow on it'
think' I 93, 3; n.m.e.: K R egltgil 8gii 'he XIII(?)a p yerne k l n i 01 a p y e m e y a r u k b%
will hear and think abnut (what the saw say$)' 'neither is he upright nor is [his] writing clear';
306; iiyil s n k l n u (Iiend.) 4334; etKzke U m l g y e t m e s a n l a r k a ziyHn a p y e m e a81g 'no
b e r m e y a p g l l k a p u g 'do not ive the body harm nor advantage comes to them' Tef. 35.
what it thinks about [i.e. d e k s ] , close the
door (on it)' 4560. a:v originally prob. a Conc. N. 'wild game',
but from the earliest period also used ab-
Mon. AI3 stractly for 'hunting wild game'. S.i.a.rn.1.g.
1 aplep, etc. Reduplicative intensifying prefix, except NE where the synonymous word a g
usunlly placed before N./A.s connoting colour (3 eg, q.v.) is used. From about SI onwards
or physical shape. Occasionally at later periods the sound change V > W took place in some
the two wordy are fused, and the compound languages, and in case of doubt it has been
thus formed entered in dicts.; in such cases transcribed a w . In some modem languages
the final consonant of the prefix is sometimes a w represents 2 a:g. Tiirkii v111 a v a v l a s a r
doubled. Other such prefixes are listed below. 'when he goes hunting' Ix. 9 ; v m ff. e r avka:
C.i.a.p.a.l. U y R v111ff. Bud. for a possible barmi:g 'a man went hunting' ZrkB 12;
occurrence see 2 a p : Xak. xr ap/ep '3 streng- x a n l l k siisi: avka: iinmi:g 'the army of the
thening and intensifying particle' (Izarf ta'kid Khanate set out on a hunt' do. 63: IJyfl. vrlr ff.
rua mubdla~a); to describe something 'parti- Bud. b i r i n a v k a b a r m a r ~ l a r 'do not go
cularly good' one says e p edgli:, and in O g u z hunting monkeys' U I V 28, 2 5 : Xak. xr a:v
for 'intensely white' a p a k ... up@ 'a al-qayd, primarily 'hunting', also 'game caught
strengthening particle for [words connotrng] hunting'; hence one says b e g avka: p k t l : 'the
colours'; hence one says, in Gigil, iip i i r i l ~ beg went hunting' Kay. I 81 ; 'the Turks call
'intensely white' KOJ. I 34: XIV Ilfith. ~adidu'l- "hunting" a:v, but they [i.e. O k u z and related
-bay+ 'intensely whitc' a p a k Md.68, 5 ; Rif. tribes] call it a:w' I 32, I : K B (if a chief has
168: c a t . s v ff. San. 16.. 8 fr. contains a short zeal and generosity, he becomes famous) tileki
note on prefixes of this nature, enumerating y o r l r o t r u a v 'his wishes are fulfilled and his
several of them, a p (ag), s a p ( s a n k ) , etc.; hunting [successful]' zrzg; a.0. 3602: XIII(?)
some of these reappear in the lexicon, e.g. a p a v 'hunting' Tef. 3 5 ; x ~ vMuh. 'the people of
('with p') ajjlak 'very white' 27v. 7: X w a r . Turkestan call "hunting" a:v and those of our
XIII(?) a p n k 02. 231: KIP. X I I I Iiou. 31, country a:w' Mel. 7, 19; Rif. 79: Gag. xv ff.
4 ff. has a note on such prefixes and lists aw 'hunting' (yayd ma ~ik&) San. 5 3 r 27
several, a p (ak), k a p (kara:), etc.: srv (adding incorrectly that it also means 'a person'
a p p a k ~adidtr'l-baydd,followed by a note and (laws); this was due to the mistaken belief that
another example Id. 7: xv Kav. 5, 4 ff. and Collective numerals like b h w (biregii:) were
Tuh. 85a. 6 ff. have similar notes with examples two words b i r 'one' and e w 'person'): Xwar.
a p p a k , etc.: O s m . xrvff. Several examples, xrrr(?) a w 'hunting' OR. 17, etc.: xrv a v 'wild
from all ~ e r i o d s , a p p a k , a p a g s ~ z d a , game, hunting' Qutb 16; Nahc. 1 5 5 , 12-16:
a p a ~ s ~ z ~etc.n a ,T T S I I, 32; I1 44; I11 30; 116; K o m . xrv u v 'hunting' C C G ; Gr.: KIP.
zv 32. xrvaw 'hunting' fd. 25; 'hunting9(al-faydwa'l-
-qan,c) do. Bul. 10, 5; xv sayd a w (also awlak)
2 a p a Conjunction unique in h a ~ i n ga Neg. Tuh. zaa. 9.
connotation and being used with the positive
form of the verb (the meaning was not under- S e p See l ap.
stood by F. W. K. Miiller and he mis-
translated U 11 4, 2-3). There are two usages, e:v basically 'dwelling place', with the parti-
(I) a p ... a p 'neither... nor'; (2) Neg. verb cular connotation of a separate dwelling place,
.. . a p 'nor', sometimes followed by positive the exact meaning, 'tent, house', etc. depend-
verb. Not traceable later than Tef.Uyg. v m ff. ing on local circumstances. In some literary
Bud. blimezler a p nomlug(?) yolug u k a r l a r texts it also has the same metaph. meanings
'they do not know [the way and direction], nor as Ar. bayt, e.g. 'celestial mansion'. C.i.a.p.a.1.
do they understand the way of the Law' U II T h e phonetic history is unusual; the original
4, 2-3; a p y e m e kBziinur njunda a p y e m e form was e:v, but this had become em in some
ikinti a j u n d a 'neither in this world nor the languages by xr and from this followed the
next' U 111 86, 8-9; 0.0. Srrv. 528, 2-3; Tif. development e w > iiw > iiwi > iiy; uy,
48a. 3 ; USp. 102, 33-9; in a long list in T T less often By, is the normal form in all modem
VZI 40. 77 lxginning 'if any monk or nun, lay language groups except NE, where it has
bmther.or lay sister' the words a p nyagllg a p undergone further distortions, and SW where
 e v still survit-es, as it & ~ c ssporndicnlly clsc- a:v- ' t r r crrnsd mllnrl (comenrir, etc. Ilnl.)';
where. T h e phr. e v b a r k 'dwelling and rnov- not nritcd later than S a k . ; see 2 avla:-.
able propertp' is common, particularly in the U y g . v111 ff. Man. (in thc end comes death
early period. T u r k i i v111 e v 'dacllinp place', and the descent into a (lark hell; countless
presuniably 'tent' is very cornnlon and e v b a r k demons come) t u m a n l ~ Cy e k l e r a v a r 'fogfiy
occurs 3 or 4 times, see E T Y Indcs and b a r k : dcmons cruwd round' hI II I I , 10-1 r : X a k .
V I I I ff. e v occurs in Irk11 5, g and 55, hut not X I a g a : kigl: a:vdr: 'pcoplc crowded (iz-
8 (see evin): V y a . \ ' l r r ff. Alan., I3ud. e v and ~ l n l m ~ n oround
) him' Kq. I 174 (a:va:r,
e v b n r k are cotnmon. see Caf. and T T I-V a:vmn:k); kiirunpkc: kigi: n v d ~ : 'people
Indes. etc.: X a k . X I the word is very common, gathercd round(1rnfln. . . !tarc~l)the thing to see
hut the main cntry, Kng. I X I (53, 7, of the it' I 167 (avn:r, a v m e : k in crror); a.o.o.: K 9
facsim~le)is confused. It 1% in a scctlon de- (the penplc of the world hearing this, ancl long-
voted to n-ords beginning with long vowels and ing for him) a v a y ~ g l ukelcli 'came crnading
comes hetwccn a:v (alif alifvd) and 1 a:k (olif together' 460; a v a y ~ k l ut e r l i i r a g a r x a l q
alif g$), hut is spelt alif t d and translated e v e r (corrcct transcriptinn thus) 'they crowd
01-bay!, hi-ii~trdnri'l-nlif, wa'l-qopr fihi afpah to~:ctlier and asscrnl,lc, people hurry towards
'drvclling place, with a front vowel, the form him' 6107.
with a short vowel is more correct', which
clearly in~plicsthat it should he spelt e:v in 4 : ~ -'to bc in a hurry, to hurry'; survives in
this cntry, though e v is more correct in cur- S\V (only ?), X a k . X I e r Pvdi: 'the man hur-
rent usape; 'the Turks call d-hnyt e v , and they ried'('aci1a) Kay. I167(versc; e v e r , c v m e : k ) ;
[i.e. the O R u z and related tribes] e w I 32, I ; e r h d i : 'the man hurricd'('acca1a) Ill 183
a.0. II 21 ( 1 sok-)q . v . ; see h a r k , kurga:g: (Q:ve:r, 6:vme:k); a.0.o.; ICU &v- 'to hurry'
K B e v ( I ) 'residence, dwcllinp place' 948, is common, nnd usually described as a vice,
1524 a.o.0. (2) iigiirde e v i 'his home is in a 323, 538, 1107, 1998 a.0.o.: X I I I ( ? ) Q v u p
cave' 6155; 'celestial mansion, i.e. sign of the s o z l e m e 'do not speak in a hurry' At. 357;
Zodiac' 131, 132. 743, 744 ( e v r u l - ) ; (in the Qv- 'to hurry' Trf. 68: xrv Mtrlr. ista'cala 'to
A1.S.S. usually spelt nlif . r i eii, i.e. Qv, less be in a hurry' emr- Alel. 22, 8 ; e:v- R$. 103;
often alifod ev): xrv hltrh. ol-bay1 e w Mel. 76, nsru'a ( t e r k l e - ; in margin) &W- Mel. 22, 10:
4 ; Rif. I 79: G a g . xv ff. iiy ew, mina r~ra'niisina [Gag. xv ff, eviig 'hurry' Vel. 84, a dubious
'house' Vel. 122 (quotn.); iiy mina San. 92r. entry; San. 118v. 26 says specifically that the
15 (quotn.): X w a r . xrrr e w 'Ali 40; ~ I I I ( ? ) word is Rlirni]: X w a r . xiv bv-/W- 'to hurry'
becjiik b i r iiy 'a large house' O j . 2 4 8 ; (he went Qutb 23, 62; Nalrc. 133, 8: KIP. X111 'accnln
back) y u r t ~ k aiiyke 'to his c o u ~ i t r yand home' k:w- I l u ~ i .42, 12: SIV e w - (v.]. e w - ) ista'cala
do. 309: x ~ v e v Qirtb 52; f i l N 137; Nakc. 11, I d . 25: O s m . x ~ v ff. Qv- (sometimes spelt
10-14: K o m . x ~ evv (5 o r 6 spellings, see GT. ev-) c.i.a.p. T T S 1 3 0 6 ; I1 554; 111389; I V
96) 'house' C C I , C C G : KIP. xrrr 01-bayt e v 445.
(rivi~r)Hou. 6, 3 ; fi'l-bayt e:vde: (sic) do. 15,
17: XI" e v (t~d~:.) a/-hayt frl. 25; 01-diir 'house' o:p- 'to gulp clown, srvallow'; the cvidcncc for
e v (rcdw), s o r e 'pnlnce'(?) ditto Btrl. 14, 9: xv a back \owe1 I S ovcrrvhelrninp; but the facts
01-boyt e v (tu&o) Kav. 27, rq; 59, 9; hayt i i y ; that 'to sip' is given as an nlternative meaning
T k m . e v TIJII. 8a. 5 : O s m . e v In various of iip-, and that the dcr. f.s o p u l - , S p u n - ,
phr. fr. SIV onwards 7'TS 1284-5 (ev b a r k ) ; 6 p u r - , S p r u l - , and o p r i i s - are all shown
11407; J I I 271; 1 V 315-16. with lnlin. in -me:k suggest that at any rate
in Xak. (there is no trace of these words else-
S i p See y1p. where) thcrc may have hecn an alternative
form with n fnmt vowel with the attenuated
\'LT o:b o:b 1~I:lp.lcp. S n k . X I 'one says to a ~neaninl:'to sip', whicli Ii:ls a sligl~tsemantic
nian w l ~ e n11c boasts nhout sooiething and fails connection with lip- 'to kiss'. Survives in
to carry it out o:b 0:b' K o ~ .1 4 3 . NE T o b . u p - R I 1780: NC K z x . o p - Slrnit.
V U I 01) survives in NC I h . o p 'a group of 153; N W I < x . 'F. o p - Kocu. 240; Kax. u p -
animals used tu tread out the corn'. A r g u X I R 1 1 7 8 0 : S W Anat. u p - S D D 1419. T u r k i i
o p 'with -p' 01-r6kis minus/-tirrin 'an o s used vlrr tf. a m : t u r u : k s u v e r s e r opa:yi:n 'or,
on the threshing floor' KO?. 1 3 4 . if it is clear water, I will swallow it' ?by. I11r.
1-3 ( E T Y I1 178): X a k . xr e r su:v o : p d ~ :
PU 2 o p Iiap. leg. Xak. xr o p o p an cscla- 'the man swallowcd ('ahbo) the water' Kaj. I
mation (Irar/l used when a donkey stumbles ; 172 (O:PR:T, o:pma:k); (after 1 6p-), and one
equivalent t o Arabic la'a(n) meaning 'hold up' says m u m opdi: 'he sipped (!rasd) the soup
Kag. 1 3 4 . (etc.)' I 163 (npe:r, 6 p m e : k ) ; m u : n opti:
(sic) I11 122 (SOT-): KID. SIV o b - ('with back
(S) up11 u p See 1 a p (Xak.). vo~vcl')'nbba fd. 7 : xv ditto Ttrh. 26a. 9 : Osm.
X V I o b - l o p - translating 'abba T T S I V 596.
* 2 u p See up1e:-.
u v - 'to crush. crunll)le, reduce to powder'.
M o n . V . AB- 'I'hr \ s o d sccrns to have been extended to
E ab- read in IJyg. v111ff. Bud. k n n a b i p u v a - in some I n n ~ u a p e s in the medieval
iiflti 'the blood spurted out' U 11 27, 2 2 is no period, sec n v u l - , u v u n - ; a Caus. f. u v a t -
doubt a misreading of ak-. : ~ n dn I k v . N , u f ~ l k(11vak) also aplwared in
 TRIS. ABD 7
uyat in this Rcnse and there does not seem to avlt-/avut- 'to comfort, console', f&b 1 7 ;
be any certain survival of this word except in oyut- ditto 116; a v u t - Nahc. 107. 4; Kom.
SW xx Anat., but SE Tiirki uwat Sham; x ~ vuwut-(?) ditto C C G ; G r . 268: K I P . xrv
u v a t lj$; ubat/uvatJarring seems to preserve a w u t - 'to comlnrt' (pijola) a crying child'
some memory of it. Sometimes transcribed Id. 25: O s m . xv avtt- 'to comfort' T T S I I
mut, but uvut is certainly correct, cf. uvtan-, 68.
uvutlug. Tiirkii .vrrl ari:g uvutl: yeg [a
prov.] 'modesty in a pure men is bcttcr [than evcl1:- 'to gather, pick up (things Acr.)';
pride]' T 37: Uy!. v111ff. I h d . uvut u y a t pcc. to Xak. and Uyk., whcrc it has
ifze qavlkrniq famed for his modesty' heen mistranscrihed as E idi:-, q.v. Xak.
X I ol ylnqti evdl:dl: 'he picked up, gath-
(Hend.) Sue.. 489, 12; in T T V 24, 60-1
u v u t u y a t (mistranscribed nvyat) 'modesty, ered (Iaqa[a) pearls'; also used of fruit KOJ.I
humility' is one of the seven constituents of 273 (evdl:r, evd1:me:k): K B ( I composed
piety: Civ. u v u t icine siirtser 'if one rubs the whole of thir book in eighteen months)
iidiirdiim a d l r d ~ r ns o z evdip tere 'I chose,
[the ointment] into the sexdal organs' H 1 7 8 ;
u v u t y a n m d a 'in the sexual organs' T T VII picked out, and collected what I had to say'
2 1 , 8 ; u v u t ykrinde m c g bolsar 'if there is a
6624.
mole on the sexual organs' do. 37, 4 (USp. 42, D evdil- Hap. ICE.; Pass. f. of evd1:-. Xak.
3): Xak. XI u v u t 01-hapi 'modesty, shame'; X I evdildl: ne:g 'the thing was picked up'
u v u t al-da'wa ild !a'& arui'l-suf,tdn 'a suni- (ultuqita) Kaj. 1 246 (evdiltir, evdi1rne:k).
' mons to a meal or [the prcsence of] the Sultan' D evdin- Refl. f. of evdk-; survives only in
Kaj. I ~(there I is no other trace of the second
meaning); U W U ~1u& 'dialect form' of uvut S W xx Anat. evtln- (of a dying man) 'to pluck
li'l-hayd I 83; 0.0. I 116, 5 ; 131, 22 (see at the bedclothes' SDU 563; ividln- do. 802.
utanq), 469, 12, same translat~on:K R u v u t X a k , X I <ol)o:zigc: yemi:g evdindi: 'he
berdi '(God) gave [man] modesty' 149; 0.0. gathered (iffaqo!~) fruit for himself' Kay. I
251 (no Aor.; evdinme:k); a.0. I1 254, IS.
1660, 2290-2, 4981, 6474: XIII(?)uvutlugut
ditto 7hf. 230, 232: Xwar. xrv uvta (metri D uvtan- Refl. Den. V. fr. u v u t ; 'to feel shy,
gratia for uvutta) t u r - 'to be shamed by bashful; to be ashamed (of something Abf.); .
(something Ahl.)' Quth 201: Ktp. xrrr orf to be abashed (by something Abl.)': generally
'vegetables' is said also to mean 'fire; remedy' abbreviated to utan- from an early date; sur-
and aI-jayG 110~.8, 18 (presumably read u:f): vives in NW Kaz. oftan-: SW u t a n - ; syn. W.
xrv u d al-kay&(also called uyad) fd. 9; Tkm. uyal-, q.v. and uvutlan. Xak. xrrr(?) At. any)
(uyat and) uf al-[iayd do. 27: Osm. xrv E. baxgigmdtn bullt u v t a n u r 'the clouds are
u d l u t is common till xvr and u t yeri till xvrr, abashed by his generosity' 57: xrv R&. uftan-
both occur sporadically thereafter TTS 1730; do. R I 1784; Muh. istokyd 'to feel shy'
11934; 111718; I V 790; ud/ut yeri is men- u:ta:n- (?uwta:n-) Mel. 22, 8 ; Rif. 103 (in
tioned in xrx dicts; in xx Anat. ud SDI3 1412 margin ufta:n-); hacala 'to be ashamed' 25, 4;
occurs and u t is fairly common do. 1422. of-!toy&' u:ta:nmak (?uwta:nmak) 38, 9;
125; F a & xvff utgan-(-ip) utan- Vel. 91
Dis. V. ABD- (quotn.); u t g a n - (spelt) a Refl. V., jarm kardan
D abit- Calls. f. of aim- but with thc same 'to be bashful, ashamed' San. 60v. 25 (same
nicaning; pec. to K ~ J .Xak. XI 01 6zin quotn.): O g u z XI 01 m e n d l n u t a n d ~ :
m e n d l n a b ~ t t t : .'he hid (hatatno) himself isfaityi wrinni 'he felt shy of me' K q . I 199
from me'; also used when one -conceals (utanu:r, utanma:k); a.0. I 291 (uvutlan-):
.
and hides (satarn . . rca katnma) anything Xwar. X I I I u t a n - 'to be shy, ashamed' 'Ali ss:
u ~ vuvtan- do. Qurh. 201 ; (there i s a word in
Kay. I 206 ( a b ~ t u r , abttma:k); 01 am:
kigi:din abt:ddl: (sic) 'he hid and concealed my heart but) a p m a k k a u f t a n u r m e n 'I am
him (ratarahri wa axfehu) from the people' shy of saying it' Nahc. 360, 3: Klp. X I V (after
also used of anything that you hide (ru~rn.vfahu) uyat) Tkm. utan- isfahyi fd. 27; istahjd
from someone else I 2 1 6 (abttur, abrtma:k, utan- BuI. 25r.; xv islam (u:yal- and also)
sic); 01 e r 01 6:zln kipi:din abitga:n 'that utan- used chiefly by T k m . Kau. 76, 9;
man has a habit of hiding himself (01-i.v!q6') istakyi(uya1- and) u t a n - Tuh. 6a. 10.
from the people' I 154, 14. D Bptiir- Caus. f. of 1 Bp-; 'to order (some-
D avtt- Caus. f. of *avl:- 'to comfort (e.g. a one Dot., if mentioned) to kiss (someone Acc.)';
crying child Acc.); to amuse or distract (som- survives at least in SW; contrast 6piir-. Xak.
one Acc.)' ; s.i.m.m.l.g., often in altered forms, X I 01 ant: optiirdl: amarahu hattd qabhala
e.g. NE Tel. u:t- R I 1702; TUV.a:d-/a:t-: dnytahu 'he ordered him to kiss him [i.e. a
NW Kar. I,. T. uwut- R I 1786, uvut- Koru. third ~artyl'Kay.I217 (optiiriir, 6ptiirme:k):
276; see yubat-. Xak. XI K B seve baktt Gag. xv ff. Bpdilr- Caus. f. btisdnidan 'to order
e r s e s e n ozni avtt 'if it looks lovingly at to kiss' San. 5 7 ~ 29. .
you, take comfort' I 35 ; yok e r s e m i g edgiin
a v ~ t g uk e r e k 'if he is not [to blame] you must T r i s . ABD
comfort him with countless Itindnesses' 642; D evdindi: Hap. leg.; Dev. N. in -di: (Pass.)
0.0. 628, 3574: xru(?) avut- 'to console' Tef. fr. evdin-. Xak. XI evdindi: ne:g 'gleanings
36: Gag. xv ff. a w u t - (spelt) tasalli dddm (luqaa) of anything' Kay. I 145 (hitherto mis-
'to .comfort1 San. 5 3 r 4 (quotns.): XWar. xlv read as aortndt:, but -d- is clear in the MS.).
 'I'R I S . A B D
11 u v u t l u a P. N./A. fr. u v u t ; 'n~odc%t,
asham- the medieval word spelt a y r a k and the like is
e d ' survives only(?) in SW xx Anat. u t l u a misrcadin~of this word, and zccordingly the
S& r j z ~ . UyR. vtrt ff. Rlan. k a m l a r occurrences are listed here, but this could be
uluar uvutlua bold^ 'the chief of the a 1)cv. N. fr. aylr- (adfr-) in the sense of 'an
magicians hecame ashamed' ~l.lan.-uie.Frog. animal with branching horns', the translations
.+or, 9--10: Hud. Sanskrit h i 'hoshfulness, of it are somewhat different. Xak. xr 1v1k
shnrnr' uvu:tlufi (so spelt, hut uvu:tluk in- nl-zohy 'the female gazelle. which haunts hot
trnded) T T VIII A.33: Xak. st u v l ~ t l u s places nnd dcscrtq' h-q.I 67; n.n. 230, 17
kiqi: 01-mrtrlrr'l-raqiqlr'l-Ilayyi 'a humhle. (udlag-); 265, 17(avlat-): KII s u k a k yii ~ v l k
nlodest person' K q . I 146: K B (of the I'ro- 5374: X I V Alrtfr.(?) 01-2ozd 'pazelle' r:wuk
phet) uvutlug 'humble' 43 ; (of a ~ i r l 'modest'
) R$. 17s; (l\del. ,7z, 8 has argnll:, a Mong.
4476; a.o.o.: Xwnr. x ~ vuvutlur: 'modest' ].-W. nleanlng mountain sheep'): Gag. xv
Qrttb 201: O s m . xrv to s v ~ rutlu 'humble, Znnt. 1:vuk 'gnxelle', q~lotcdin Iforr., p. 59
modest', T T S 1 7 3 1 ; I1 935; 111 7 1 8 S.V. aitcrrk: xv ff. a y r n k l a y r a g (sic, spelt)
buz-i-kChi nor 'the male mountain goat' and
D uvutsuz l'riv. N./A. fr. u v u t ; 'shameless, some say that it is an animal like the mard
immodest', in the early period usually with a deer, which has twisted (pi~ida)horns San.
sexual connotation; 1l.o.a.b. T u r k u v111ff. 5 7 r 16: X w a r . xrv lvlkllvuk '(female?)
Man. uvutsuz bilig siirup 'having sexual gazelle' (211th 207; b i r tigi lvuk 'a female
intercourse' M 1 5 , 6; a.o. 6, I S : UyR. V ~ I ff.
I gazelle' Nnhc. 295, 12: Krp. X I I I a/-iazal
b1an.-A uvutsuz 1318 siiru u m a z can- (Blik, in) T k m . 1:vuk (vocalized with
not have sexual intercourse' nf I 16. 19-20; (Inrnmn over yri) Nou. I I , 6; kfrbgu'l-cabal
uvu[tsuz billlg do. 35, 6: Bud. u v u t s u z 'mountain sheep a y r a k (unvocal~zed, ?read
biligin U 1177, 23; 86, 40 (mis-spelt urrlsug ?); i:vuk) do. I I , 8: xtv 01-gnzdl (keyik, also
a.0. U 1V 38, 143: Xak. XI K B Bvek e r s e called) l:wlg(k) (sic, but vocalized aywui)
k11k1 uvutsuz kiizi 'if his character is hasty Bul. 10, 7: Osm. xvr ff. ayrrk (so transcribed)
and his eye shameless' 849; (keep away) occurs in two xvr and one xvr11-xrx diets.
uvutsuz k i ~ i d i n'frotna shameless man' 1309: translating Ar. and I'e. words for 'antelope' and
xrv Mrtft.(?) nl-waqi!~ 'shameless, impudent' 'wild sheep' 7'TS I1 84; 111 54.
u:tstz R$. 153 (only).
S u v a k See uv$ak.
D uvutsuzluk A.N. fr. u v u t s u z ; 'im-
modesty, shamelessness'; n.o.a.b. Xak. X I
K B uvutsuzluk e r k e idi tegsiz i g 'shame- Tris. A B ~
lessness is a completely unparalleled disease in aba:kr: an unusually shaped word but cf.
a man' 1662: O s m . xlv utsuzluk '(female) a b a : ~ ~ :q.v.;
, as such Hap. leg., hut survives
immodesty' TTS 1732. as a b a k and the like as shown below and in
NW Kar. T a b a x 'idol' Kow. 150; Krrm.
T r i s . V. ABD- a b n k ditto. R I 6 2 1 (quotns.): SW xx Anat.
1) uvutgar- I h p . leg.; Den. V. in -gm- e p a k 'jinn' 7hrairm Uergisi I 176 (cin); a b a k
(l'rans.) fr. uvut. Xak. sl 01 meni: uvut- 'ghoul', do. 1 25g(grrl); opak 'jinn' S I I D 1092.
g a r d ~ alcn'ani
: ild'l-Itay?' hattd !ro?itu 'he put X a k . X I nba:lc~: al-waylrt'lloti tunsab fi'l-
me to shame, so that I was ashamed' K q . I -mahiiqil ~nrcnoqiya(n)'ani'l-'ay 'a figure put
290 (uvutgarur, u v u t p a r m x k ) up in kitchen gardens to avert the evil eye'
Kag. 1 1 3 6 : Krp. X I I I (in a list of things con-
D uvutlnn- ReR. Drn. V. fr. u v u t ; 'to be nected with women, clothing, etc.) nl-lu'bn
abashed, shy'; apparently survives only in 'doll' aba:k Hon. 18, 6: xv raxs 'shape, figure,
SW xx Anat. udlan-lutlan- SUL) 1412, etc. ( s ~ n l a) b n k 7'1th. 21a. 6 (with a side-note
1423; cf. uvtan-, uyal-. Xak. xr e r uvut- saving that s l n can cast a shadow (in zzb. 5 it
landi: istnh?d'l-racd 'the man felt shy'; the translates tanntn 'idol') but a b n k cannot);
0 g u z say u t a n d ~ : ,leaving out several letters giro 'picture' a b a k zzb. 5.
Kog. I 291 (uvutlanur, uvut1anma:k).
Dis. EBG
D ~ S ABC;
.
1'U e p e k 1Iap. leg.; but there are similar NW
S aba:k See aba:kl:. Kaz. childish words epeylepi in R 1 9 1 9 and
?L) a v a g 'coquetry, affectation'; possibly a i:pi do. 1566; no doubt a mispronunciation
Dcv. N. fr. a:v-; n.0.a.h. Xak. XI K B of e p m e k . Xak. X I children call 'bread'
a v a g l a r n e p t u t s a bPrrnez ozin 'however (01-rtthz) e p e k Kaj. 168.
much [fortune] niay play the coquette, it does
not ~ i v eitself' 403; (you must be frank with D 6:ve:k N/A.Ac. fr. &v-; 'hurry; hurrying, '

your Secretary and Vizier) s o z a p a a v a g l a r l in a hurry'; survives in NE Kaq., Koib., Sag.

yiidgii kerek ' ~ fyou nre frank, you must Bbek 'light, swift, daring' R I 9 2 7 ; Khak.
put up with their affectations' 2680: @g. xv ibek (of a horse) 'swift' and in Ka$. (of a man)
Zam. a v a g is quoted as an equivalent to e d a punctual, attentive'. Xak. XI 6ve:k al-
in Tnronm Dergisi I 2 0 3 and n a z in I 6 1 5 . -mcrrht'l-'oczil 'a man in a hurry' Kay. I 122;
8:vek 'ornla 'hurry' I 77, 1 0 ; n.0.o. usually
~ v r k'the fen~nle pnzelle'; the ninle is VU spelt P:vek; see 2 &vet: ICR Bvek ' I y t y ' 849
s u k s k , q.r.; 11.n.a.b.; it seems possible thnt (uvutsuz); 1097: x ~ t t ( ?4vek
) 'hurry Tcf.68:
%fan.iiz a m r a k ~ m r niipugseyiirmen 'I wish T k m . u a u l - firJr. 27a. r I (cf. uvun-). Osrn.
to kiss my own beloved' M I1 8, lo(i1). xvi (s.v. O U I I I ~ uvulan
~II) nesne 'something
which is crushed' T T S I V 615 .
Dls. ABL
?S iipel- Sce Bpiil-
D evllg I'.N./A. fr. e:v; lit. 'possrssinji (one's
own) d~vclling',ucuully 'married', applied hoth D Bpiil- I'nss. f. o f 2 tip- (sce o:p-); thc only
to men ('the hend of the housrhold') and modern form seems to I>e N W Kaz. ubll- 'to
women ('living at honic'); s.i.a.1n.l.g.; in NE be sucked in, swallowed; to collapse, subsidc'.
somewhat distorted. Xnk. X I evligni: mhhrr'l- CJyg. v111ff. Man-A (sinful human beings in
-bn.vt 'the master of the house' I 106, I ; I I the I m p cycle of rehirths) otga opelllr (sic)
176, 27; evliig (sic) nl-tarccn 'the woman of o ~ o $ R ( ?kinlenilrler
) tegzinifrler 'are swal-
the house' 1251, 9 ; n.m.e.: ICB a y a evlig e r lowed [by the earth] like grass and crushed
s a k 'householder, bewarel' 164; (there are like white face powder(?) and go round and
twelve signs of the Zodiac) k a y u iki evlig kayu round' T T I1 17, 77-9: Xak. X I sikt BpUldt:
birke Q n 'some occupy two celestial mansions hrisipti'l-mamqn tun &yrrthu 'the milk
(i.e. hr. bayt), some have the width of one' [Kay., in error, 'hroth', etc.] was sipped' Kag.
138; k a l ~evlig a l m a k tilese i i z i i ~'if you 1 193 (opiilur, opii1me:k).
wish to take a wife' 4475: XIII(?) I m r E n
evliigi 'the wife of Imrln' Tef. 68: xrv Rb2. D 1 av1a:- Den. V. fr. a:v; 'to hunt (wild
evllg 'wife' Taramn Dergisi I 841 (s.v. game)'; s.i.a.m.l.g., with some phonetic
zevct): Muh. 01-mtrfn'nhhil 'marricd' ew1l:g changes. Tiirkii v111 a v a v l a s a r 'when he
Ri/. 153: Gag. xv ff. uyliik ('with -k') eulu, hunted wild gamc' I.Y 9: UyR. v111ff. Bud.
in the sense of 'householder' (ketxttdd) Vel. a v l a p oliirdi 'he hunted and killed' (in-
1 2 2 (quot'l.): iiyluk (spelt) xdnwdri 'family, numerable wild animals) U I V 34, 57: Xak.
household' San. 92v. I 8 (Fame quotn. ; perhaps XI b e g a v av1a:di: 'the beg hunted wild
here really the A.N. in -Hk): Klp. XI11 al- game' (seda . . . 01-,qd) K q . I 28,7 (avla:r,
-muta'nlthil (PlJ) i:lii: (so spcl:, error either av1a:ma:k): xlv Muh. iftcida to hunt'
for evlil: or iiylii:)Hori. 25,4: xrvewlii: ('with a:wla:- Mel. 22, 11; Rif. 103: Gag. xv ff.
front \.o\vels') 01-nrrrtnzntcmac rcn rna'ncihri &'l- aw1n:- (spelt) (I) $6r knrdan 'to hunt' (and (2)
-bayt 'married', literally 'house-owner' !d. 25. mdidan, in Arabic dalakn, 'to rub, polish',
hardly to be regarded as a translation of 2
P U ahla:n (unvocalized) Hap. leg. Xak. XI av1a:-; incxplicahle) San. 521- 21: X w a r .
dtircnybba min cinsi'l-curd611'a small animal of xlv avla- 'to hunt' Qutb 16; MN 271: Klp.
the rat family' Kni. I 120. xur i$tcida mina'/-$ayd aw1a:- Ifou. 34. 4;
jada mina'l-fayd aw1a:- (vocalized rr:la:-) do.
Dis. V. ABL- 41. I I : X I V (awlu: 'hunting grounds', the verb
D i.:vll- Hap. leg.?; Pass. f. of &v- used im- derived from it is) awla- iffdda Id. 25: xv l
personally with the logical subject in the Dnt. pida awla- Trth. zzh. 8: O s m . xiv avla- 'to
Xak. X I 1:gka: 6vildi 'nciln li'l-nnrr 'the affair hunt' (actually 'to fish') TTS I 53.
was hurried' K q . I 271 (Q:vIliir, 6:vilme:k).
U 2 avla:- 'to crowd round (sotneone Dat.),
L) o p d - See uvul-. to surround'; nvn: the Ger. of a:v-, q.v., i s
used almost as an Adv. and this seems to he
D uvul- Pass. f. of uv-; 'to be crushcd, broken an abhreviated form of ava:la:-, a Den. V. fr.
into snisll pieces'; s.i.n.ln.l.g., usually as that word noted only in Knj. Survivcs only
uval-luwal-lufal-, but Osrn., as well as (?) in NE Khak. abla- 'to attack (someone)
ufal-, has ogul- (pronounced or~vil-,outd-) 'to in large numbers; to surround (someone or
he rubbed, kneaded', which seems to be a sur- somethinfi)'. Uyg. vlrr ff. Bud. (then the
vival of this word. T h e rare Tiirkii word demons, seeing King Castana.. .) tegirmlleyll
hitherto transcribed opttl- might be a Pass. f. a v l a p 'n~illingabout and crowding round him'
of o:p-, but the meaning 'to be swallowed' is U I V 8, 19-20; same phr. do. 18, 192: Xak.
awkward, and it is perhaps likelier that it XI a m p tegre: ki$i: ava:la:d~: 'the people
should he transcribed uf111- and taken as a surrounded him (!iafla !~awlahtr); this word P
Sec. f. of this word. Tiirkii v111 (gap) binip is used only of disordcrly behaviour, in other
oplayu: tegip sanca: l&p a t ufulu:(?) iinti: cases the word used is a:vdl: Kng. I310 (ava:-
yana: agrtrp (gap) 'he mounted . . . and la:r, ava:Ia:ma:k); agar ki$i: nv1a:di: 'the
attacked, panting with fury and plying his people crowded round him' (izdohanra 'alayhi)
lance; his horse was crushed(?); he pot up, I 2 8 7 (avla:r, av1a:ma:k): O s m . XVI s i m ii
making it stand u p again' Ix. 19; (gap) iiliigl: zerle k e m e r avlaylp 'wrapping his belt
a n p : e r m i g e r h c yag1:ka: ya1gu:s op- round with silver and gold' T T S I1 69..
layu: tegip ufulu: k i r i p (Izi: kigga: 1
kergek bultl: 'his fate was, it seems, this; D ev1e:- Den. V. fr. e:v; survives in one form
panting with fury and attackina the enemy or another in NE Kuer. R I 9 2 1 ; S E Tiirki
all alone, entering (the battle) and being Shnru 29; NC I h . , hut usually meaning 'to
crushed, he met his end at an early age' live in a house; to n~arry';the usual modern
I x . 23: Xak. xi uvuldl: n e q 'the thing was word for the meaning in Uy& is evlendir-.
crushed' (ftrtta) Knp. I 1g7 (uvulur, uvul- UyR. I X ( I had scven younger brothers, three
m ~ : k )KIP.
: xv gtryiyn ilnyhi 'to faint' uvul-, sons ~ n thrce
d daughters) evleclim b a g l a d u n
 DIS. ABM
'1 installed (my brothers and suns) in dwellinm D avlag- Co-op. f. of 2 av1a:-; Hap. Icg.?;
of their own and married (my daughters) into the Co-op. f. of 1 av1a:- is noted only in
(other) clans' Suci 6 (translation from Gron- Gag.: Xak. xr kigl: avlagdr: 'the people
bech, 'The Turkish System of Kinship', crowded together round (izdahamn a/&)
.Tfna'in Orientalin . . . Johonni P ~ d e r s ~dicnfa,
n something' Kay. I 240 (avlagu:r, av1agma:k).
Munkspaard, 1953). ,
D evleg- Ilap. leg.; Recip. f. of ev1e:-. Xak.
PU op1a:- I k n . V. fr, a ~ r o r dwhich survives xi b e g (anto) birle: evleptl: oyna:p (trans-
in NC I<w. o p 'a s i ~ h and' S \ V Osm. uf/u:f lated) 'the beg gambled with him (lci'abahu)
'an rxprcssion of impatience or disdain; an and made the stake (01-xntnr) hetween them a
onomatopoeic for a puff of breath ' R~dhorrsq dwellinp place (bayt)'; followed by a note on
258; survives in O s m . ufla- 'to ejaculate I I ~ this use of the Recip. f. Kay. 1 240 (evle#:r,
do. 259. Tiirkii vrrr oplayu: teg- 'to attack evlegme:k, mis-spelt -ma:h).
panting with fury' is a stock phr. in descrip-
tions of hattles, Ix. 19 and Z+J' (see U V U ~ 0.0.
-) VUD tipleg- Hap. leg.; Recip. f. of tip1e:-.
Ix. 10, I 1, (15); 1 E 32, 36; N 3 , (4), 5. Xak. X I bo:dun<bi:r) ekindi: tava:rm
iipleqdi: 'the people pillaged (o&ira) one
VUD iip1e:- Den. V. fr. 2 *up, which seems another's property' Kaj. I 238 (iiplegiir,
to be identical with NE Tuv. iip, Pal. 54, iip1egme:k).
citing the phr. d a y m iivii 'trophies (of an
enemy)'; the verb itself surviver in Tuv. Tris. ABL
iipte- 'to pillage'. Xak. xr 01 a n q tava:rln aba:l~:liap. leg., but the kind of word often
~p1e:di: 'he st~rle(nohabn) his property' Kay. omitted from dicts. Xak. xr aba:h: harf yzrqcil
I 2 8 4 (iiple:r, iip1e:me:k). 'inda'l-istiqlcil bi'l-fay' 'an exclamation used to
D avlat- Caus. f. of l avla-:; 'to order disparage a thing' Kar. 1137.
(someone Dot.) to hunt (something Acc.)': a v ~ l k u :pec. to Kag.; like t a v ~ l k u :morpho-
Xak. X I 01 maga: l v ~ kavlattl: 'he ordered logically inexplicable and proh. a I.-W. Xak.
me to hunt (afddani) the gazelle (etc.)' Kar. I avllku: gncaru'l-qurm 'the qurm tree' (species
265 (avlatur, av1atma:k): Gag. xv ff. awlat- uncertain); it has a red fruit. which is used to
Caus. f.; (I) ,cikdrfnr!ntidan 'to order to hunt'; colour futmn~(q.v.); its bark is used to treat
(and (2) mcikinidan to order to rub', cf. 1 ophthalmia and dye cloth Kay. I 489; a.0.
av1a:-) San. 52v. 14. 111 146 (2 ka:t).
VUD iiplet- Caus. f. of iip1e:-; survives in
NE Tuv. iiplet- 'to (let oneself) be pillaged'. Tria. V. ABL-
Xak. xr 01 a n t 9 tava:rm iiplettl: anhaba D ava:la:- See 2 avla:-.
mrilohu 'he ordered that his property should
be stolen' Kay. 1264.
Dis. ABM
D avlan- Refl. f. of 1 av1a:-; s.i.s.m.l.,
usually in a Pass. sense. Xak. xr e r 6:zige PU a p a m l a p a g 'if', used with the Condi-
a:vlandl: (sic) 'the man busied himself with tional mood. The earlier form is fairly com-
hunting for himself' (bi'l-irfiycici li-nnfsihi) mon in Uyg., the later is not traceable after
KO$. I 298 (a:vlanur, a:vlanma:k): Gag. xrv. In the early period the - s a r form was not
xv ff. a w l a n - Hefl. f.; gihdr p d a n 'to he always strictly Conditional, and this word per-
hunted' Snn. 52v. 15. haps became superfluous and fell into disuse
when its usage became more restricted; the
D evlen- Refl. f. of ev1e:- lit. 'to get a dmel- word was sometimes used by itself and some-
ling of one's own', normally (of a man) 'to get times followed by birok. Von Le Coq in
married', in this sense s.i.a.m.1.g.; the alter- Turan, 1918, p. 457 stated, without giving a
native translation is pec. to Kaf.; in modern reference, that F. W. K. Miiller described this
languages 'to have a halo' is normally aglllan- word as an 'Aramaeo-Sogdian ideogram'; this
(not noted earlier than xv ff. C@.). Xak. xr is complete nonsense, apparently based on a
a y evlendi: ittaxnda'l-qamnr dcjrn 'the moon misunderstanding of the Sogdian 'ideogram'
got a halo'; and one says 01 bu evni: evlendi: 'P and', somctimes followed by z j , which was
'he got this house as a residence (maskan), and formerly read ny. Uyg. v111 ff. hlan. a p a m
reckoned himself as one of the community birok ... k o d m a s a r 'if he had ceased (to
of residents' (min cttmln qdlinilri) Kay. 1 259 preach, etc.)' TTI1164-5: Bud. a p a r n b l r 6 k
(evleniir, ev1enme:k); a y k o p u p (vocalized b u etiiziirnin t i t s e r m e n 'if I renounce this
k a p u p ) evleniip 'the moon rose in a halo'l body of mine' SW. 614, 1-2;the word is com-
258, I : x ~ Mtih.
v tazawtcaca (of a man) 'to get mon in Suv. see TT 1 2 9 , note 198: Civ. a p a r n
married' ewlen- M d . 24, 5; 6:mle:n- Rif. b i r a d a k l n m a r 'if he breaks one of his legs'
106: Gag. xv ff. uylen- (spelt) 'to be a house- TT 1-198; a p a m (by itself) USp. 61, 13: 98,
holder' ( ; $ h i xana); and metaph. an ex- 19, etc. ; a p a m birok do. 13, 13 ; 57, 16 etc.:
pression for 'to take a wife, get married' (zan Xak. XI a p a g a conjunction (harf) meaning
giriftan wa tnznwwuc hardan) San. 91 v. 15 law 'if'; one says a p a g s e n barsa:sen 'if you
(quotns.): Krp. xrv ewlen- tazawwnca (s.v. go' K:?. 1133; 0.0. 1399, 22; I1 209, 20: KB
evtli:) fd. 25: xv tazawwnca iiylen-: T k m . a p a g lki a j u n k o l u r e r s e s e n 'if you desire
ewlen- T7th. gh. R. the two worlds' 226; 0.0. 895, etc.: xrr(?)
 nrs.
K B V P a p q d o s t u g e r s e 'even if he i~ your l e ~ s )evtinsuz 'w~thoutseed In ~ t ' p r h 17):
friend' 21: slv Hhg. aparJ 'if' R I h23 (no Osm. s v evin s u y u 'semrn' TT,9 III 260
quotns.). (F V erlfk); (of a plant) evin bajila- 'to form
seed' I l' 3 16.
VIIL) Bpurn Hap. leg.; the tronslatinn suggests
this rather than o p u r n ; hl.S.A. fr. 2 Bp- I ) nvtnq N.Ac. in - C fr. a v m - , 'friendliness,
(op-). Xak. sr h i r Bpum m u n /inrscn ntin kindliness'; survi\-CSIn N\V Kar. I.. u v a n t s ;
moraqa 'a sip of soup' K q . 1 7 5 . '1'. uvunq R I 1746, h707u.z i h ; hecan~ea ).-W.
in I'crsian as rrruanr (Sfeingnsr I 22), and thence
?S e p m e k 'hrcad'; cf. e t m e k the oldrr, and hack into Osm. as iir'rtrr, dcscrihcd as a Persian
prob. the ori~inal,form; in some modern Ian- LW. (Rrdhotrre 271); cf. avinqu:. X a k . avlnq
puages there is a third form e k m e k ; cf. also ol-nrti'dnosa bi'l-yny' 'friendliness, kindness
e p e k ; survives only(?) in S\V Az. e p m e k l about sornethina' Kag. I 132 (and see a w n - ) ;
e p p e k H 1 9 2 5 . Yngma. T u x s l , and some I11 449 (duplicate entry): K B (may his rule
O g u z and KIP. X I e p m e k ol-.rirhz 'bread' continue) s e v i n ~ i n avlnCm kiivenqln 'in
Kq. IIOI. happiness, kindliness, and pride' 123; 0.0.
937 (srnilar) 1424, 1849, 3629: xrv Muh.(?)
l ' r i s . ABM 01-n~rlnnnsn avlnq 'in l'urkestan', a w m q
PUF a b a m u 'endlc~$,evcrla\ting'; no doubt 'in our country' Rd. 79 (only); mri'nis avlnqa:
a I.-\v. (Indo-European?) Uyg. v111 8.Bud. (sic) do. 148.
mentioned in flC~n-ts.13riefr 36, note 1990,
as occurring in unpublishctl parts of that text, E F a v a n t Sec anvimt.
translating Chinese yrrng, same meaning (Giles
13,504)~and in such phr. as n b a r n u k a l p k a Dis. V. ABN-
tegi 'to endless ages'. I) a h m - Hap. leg., Refl. f. of ab1:-; mis-
vocalized rrhan-. X a k . X I < o l ) n ~ e n d i na b m d i :
I'IJDF a b a r n u l u g Hap. leg ?; P.N./A. fr. i.utnf6 minni 'he hid himself from me' Kag. I
a h a m u U y a . v111ff. Bud. b u y a n l ~ gbilge 198 (abmu:r, ab1nma:k).
biligllg yivigin be$ t a g l n r k a megzetl
a b a m u l u g J d q k ~ l z u n'may he make a pro- D a v i n - RcA. f. of * n v ~ : - ;'to enjoy oneself, be
vision of virtue and wisdom everlasting and happy'; to be friendly, kind (to someone Dar.);
enduring like the five mountains' Hiien-ls. to take pleasure in (somethingDnt.)'; s.i.m.m.1.
1990. F. with phonetic changes. X a k . X I 01 m a p :
avlndl: ista'tmsa 6i 'he was friendly, kind to
Dis. A B N me' K ~ J1. 202 (avlnu:r, avtnma:k); (after
avlnq) same phr. translated dnosa bi, same
meaning I 132, 22; b a d r a m kllrp a v n a l t m
\:UF n:wnn (rcc%c unvocalized). S a y r a m XI 'let us hold a festival and enjoy ourselves'
(undrr uvut) 'similarly a:wan "a tree" (al- (nnto'ollnl) I 2 6 3 , 14: KB a w n - is cntnnmn;
-facorn) in the languajie of Sayram, that is 'to enjoy oneself' 49, 95, 1427 (avlnqu:), 2694
lspic5h' (is also pronounced a:\van). Kay. a.o.o.; 'to take pleasure in (something Dat.)'
1 8 4 . 4. 1424, 2093 (see oyun); a.o.o. : xrr ( ? ) pf. arJar
e v i t ~properly 'wed, pmin', less often 'berry, a v u n d ~' n m friendly to him' 36: X I V R62. qifti
fruit'; the curious idiom whereby it is used in b i r l e a v u n r p 'enjoying himself with his wife'
L!+ Bud. ns a numerative is prob. due to R I 70: FaE. xv ff. a w u n - tosalliyriffnn 'to find .
o\.er-literal translntion; Pe. dcna, same meaning comfort' and the like San. 52v. 17 (quotns.):
is also so used. Survives in NE 'Tel. e h i n X w a r . xv avtn- 'to be comforted, consoled'
'kernel' R I 03 I and SW s x Anat. e f i n 'juniper Q~rtb17: O s m . X I V a w n - 'to take comfort'
hcrry' S I ) D 507; evin 'seed'. etc. do. 598. TTS I1 68.
Tiirkii v111R. evlntin 'from the berries' ( ? ) I> Bvin- Refl. f. of &:v-; pec. to KB? X a k .
I r h B 8 (see i:n, might be evlntin 'from its KH (prefer quiet deliberation in all things)
hoye'): Uye. v111ff. Man.-A k a l t l urug m a g a r tP'at e r s e 6vingil yfigiir 'but if you
evln ... oriirqe 'just as a grain or seed recelve an order, hurry and run' 1999.
springs up'(in fertile ground) M 1 1 7 , I S : Bud.
b u g d a y e v f n i n ~ 'the
e size of R grain of wheat' 1) u v u n - Refl. f. o f u v - ; survives in fewer
P ' h l . h, h (on this passage see Clauson, modern lanauages than rrvnl- with the same
'Turkish host Words', J R A S , 1955, p. 134); phonetic changes, most having uvan-Jufan-,
tii evini s a y u 'each individual hair' TT V 12, hut SW Osrn. has both that form and o g u n -
I 17 (for 0.0. see note thereon, p. 19); b i r evin in diffcrcnt n i e a n i n ~ s the
; first is usually used
tiisige 'a single one of his hairs ' U I V 20, 259: in a Pass. sense 'to be crushed, broken into
Civ. evini (nrisread rrvsi) her seed' (i.e. small pieces', the second for 'to faint', i.e. feel
foetus) H 1 2 2 : u c t o r t evin p a r m n m o n q u k oneself to be crushed; the meaning in Kaf. is
m u r q 'three or four split pcppercorns' do. riot traceehle elsewhere. Xak. W 01 ozlne:
149: Xak. X I evin nl-liahb 'seed' K a g 1 7 7 ; etme:k u v u n d ~ : 'he occupird himsclf with
e w i n 'dialect f o m ~of evln' 1 8 4 , 5 : K R a p a crumbling (hi-fatt) hread for himself'; and one
u q m a k iqre y4di k o r evin 'our ancestor (i.e. says o l eligin u v u n d ~ :fnrakn ynn'nj~hi'he
Adam) eat the seed (i.e. fruit) in paradise' wrung his hands', bccause of a calamity which
3522: ( X w n r , xsv (a nct to cutch birds is qse- lind ovcrtalwn him nr bccnusc of distressing
 DIS. A B R
ncrvs or pain' Kal.Izo2(uvunur, uvunma:k); PIJ? 1) o p n : prob. I k v . N. in -I: fr. 'opur-,
11 147 (tevin-): xr~r(?) Tt.f u v u n u r iki Caus. f. of %p-; 'hollow, \.alley', and the like.
ayasln 'he w r i n ~ shis hands' 230; Xwar. N.0.a.b. UyR. vlrr f f . Man.-A M 111 29, 10-11
X I I I VU u g u n - 'to faint' 'Rli 56: Ktp. xrv (slgllg): Xak. X I oprr: ol-hujru 'a hollow'
ugun- irgmiya 'alayhi 'to faint' Id. 26: xv Ku$. I 125; III 134 (k0:l): K I ? (I'hou hast
gtqiya 'alayhi 'to faint', in margin u g u n - created all things) yam tap, t e a k kiitki oprr
Tuh. 27n. r r (see uvul-); inqafafa 'to be y h l g 'plains, mountains, seas (or lakes?),
broken, split', in margin u w a n - do. 6a. 8 (see high ground and \alleys' 21; yaz: ta:g k ~ r
kertll-); tafaftata 'to be crushed', in margin oprr 'plains, mountains, high ground, and
uwan- do. loa. 3 (these three side-notes prob. valleys' 69, 96.
in a SW hand): O s m . xrv-xvl uvan- 'to be
broken up, crushed; to disintegrate' Tl'S I S a v u r t See acjurt.
732; 11 938; I11 720; IV 792; ufan- do. till
x ~ x1 712, 111 697; and u p n - (once in xv D opra:k N.1A.S. fr. opra:-, q . v . ; originally
uvun-) 'to faint, lose consciousness' till x ~ xI 'shabby, ragged', esp. of clothing; hence later
716; 11 921; 111 707; I V 777; xvrrr uwan- 'clothing' in general; also anything 'old, dis-
(spelt) in Rrimi, bi-!riss~uciun 'to be unconscious' integrated'; survives in SC, NW, and SW in
San. 89r. 15. several forms hoth with back and front vowels.
Xak. X I opra:k al-_tawbtr'l-xaloq wa %ayruhu
1) opiin- Refl. f. of 2 a p - (o:p-); n.0.a.b. 'shabby clothing, etc.', hence opra:k to:n
Uyg. V I I I ff. Man.-A kalti a r s l a n 6kiizug 'shabby clothing' K q . I 118; o p r a k y a s ~ k
b o r i koynka Bpiinii kelirye 'just as a Iron 'a shabby bow-case' III 16, 25; neqe:me:
comes to swallow up an ox or a wolf a sheep' o p r a k keduk erse: 'however shabby a felt
M III I I , 8-10 (i) (thus in MS. but obviously cap (sic) may be' 711 38, 21: K B toQur ay
both objects should be in the same case, Acc. yallgnl h a m o p r a k butiir 'feed the hungry
(with &piin-) or Dat. (with kel-)): Xak. XI 01 and clothe the naked' 3923; butiir o p r a k l g
mU:n 6piindi: 'he pretended to sip(yahsC) the 4527: XIII(?) At. y a r a g bulsag o p r a k
soup, without actually sipping it' K q . I 198 y a l ~ g n lbiitiir 'if you find an opportunity,
(lipiiniir, oplinme:k). clothe the naked' 330: Gag. xv ff. e p r i k ('with
-p-') kuhna wa ntundaris 'old, worn-out'; and
metaph. ddom-ipir-i musinn 'an old man' San.
T r i s . ABN 2 7 ~ .12; ofrag (spelt) roxt coo lib& 'clothing'
D avlngu: Dev. N. in -$U: (Intrans.) fr. avin-; San. 7 7 r 10 (quotn.) KIP. x ~ av p r a k (bd, so
lit. 'something which gives pleasure', but vocalizcd) al-qumlji 'linen' or 'rubbish'? fd. 7
normally 'concubine'; n.0.a.b. T u r k u vrlr ff. (the word has hoth meanings): xv qumdf
avr:ngu: xatu:n bolzu:n 'may the concubine a p r a k (hi) mu hutca'l-xaluq (and qiiprek) Tub.
become a queen' IrkB 38: Xak. X I avlngu: 29a. 10 (see giiprek): O s m . xv-xv~ yrprak
ne:g al-fay'u'lladi uta'allnl bthi wa yusta'nas 'shabby' T T S II 105 r ; 11' 884.
'a thing which gives enjoyment and pleasurc'; S o v r u g See ogrug.
hence 'concubines' (al-cawoti) are called
a v l n p : Kay. 1 134: KLl avvlnqu seviigler S evrek See iirdek.
bile a v n u r (iz '(now) he enjoys himself with
the love of a concubine' (noun he will be lying ?E evrik Error? for 1 irig.
flat hidden beneath the ground) 1427: Xwar.
xrv k6oiil avuncasx 'the cornfort of his heart' P U D Ipriik Hap. leg.; so vocalized, but prima
Qutb 16, a.0.c. facie Dev. N. in -iik (Pass.) fr. ijpiir-, to
be read opriik. Xak. X I ipriik 'a mixture of
D evinlig P.N./A. fr. evln; survives in SW curdled and fresh milk which is drunk; it
xx Anat. evinli (crops) 'in which the seeds is a laxative (dam2 mtrshil) for anyone who has
have formed' S D D 559. Uyg. v111ff. Bud. been constipated by drinking sour milk or
adrnagunug k o r ~ g l l g evinlig uzunton- butter milk' Kq.I ror.
l u g k a yaztzm yagxlttm e r s e r 'if I have
sinned against another man's private pregnant D evren presumably Del. N. fr. evir-; if so,
woman' A. von le Coq Chuartuatti/l (AKPAW, the general connotation is of something which
1911) 27, 8-9. revolves; hence 'the firmament' which was
regarded as a revolving dome; and thence in
Kag. 'a dome-shaped oven'; in NW, SW it
Dis. ABR was used for 'snake', presunlably because ~t
D evre: Ger. in -e: of evir-; occasionally coils its body; n.0.a.b. Xak. XI evren $a?'
used as an Adv. meaning'again, in return', and yubnd 'a16 hi'a ktiri'l-!tadddJ yuxbaz fihi a
the like; n.0.a.b. Xak. X I KB (whatever a man thing built in the shape of a blacksmith's oven
plants in the ground comes up) n e g u berse in which bread is baked' K q . I 109: KB
e v r e a m o k alrr 'whatever he gives he re- y a r a t t t k o r evren t u q evriiliir '(God)
ceives back' 1394; 0.0. 638: xrr~(?)Te/. e v r e created the firmament which revolves con-
(occasionally spelt ebre) is common, trans- tinuously' 126; 0.0. 92, 119. 344, 1642. etc.:
lating Ar. fa- 'then, again' and in such phr. xrv Muh. a/-/a/ak 'the firmament' ewren
as e v r e yan- 'to turn back', evre q ~ k -'to (mis-spelt iiwaen)/evren (mis-spelt akran)
come 'back out' 67, 68. M P / .78, 16; evre:n (mis-spelt mz:m) R$ 183:
 14 DIS. A B R
KIP. s r r r af-!t~'hn~t 'adder' ewre:n (1111voca1- i p r i - , y e p r e - , yiprl-. 'I'hr oldest I;mn seems
ized) Ilorr. I r , 17: O s m . srv ff. e v r e n 'large to I x a p r n - , but this is noted only or~cc,and
snake, dragon'; n.i.a.p. TTS 1 285; I1 408; the hasic form can be taken as n p r a : Uya. .,
111 272; I V 316. vrrl ff. Man. (as the poison takes hold of him)
a d [ u r t ] ~ ( ? ) e r n i y e r u p egeki t a m g a k t
Dis. V. ABR- a p r a p (sic) 'his ctdeeks(?) and lips split, his
chin and his throat decay' ?"II1 16, 14-16:
evir- basically 'to turn (something Acc.)', with
various special t~pplications like 'to turn (a Civ. (&?p) o p r a t l ol[iir](?) (gap) T T I 201
(unintellicihle, possibly o p m t - ) : Xnk. X I
wheel Act.); to overturn (a cup Arc.); to turn to:n opra:dl: 'the garment wore out' (bnliya)
(the face, Acc., towards someone, Ilat., or Kaj. 1 273 (opra:r, opra:mn:k); kBg to:n
away from someone, Abl.)', and, in the early opra:ma:s 'a loose-fitting parment does not
period, 'to translate (something, Acc., from wear out' I11 358, I 5 : KB b u edgil k n r l m a z
one language, Abl.. into another, -c?/-ce)'. y e m e o p r a m a z 'this good man does not
S.i.a.in.l.g., sometimes in forms so distorted get old or decrepit' 1640: xrv Rht. atiikleri
that they are hard to distinguish from rnodern o p r a d ~'their boots wore out' R I 1163:
forms of egir-. Often associated, and syn., Aftrh.(?) 'atoqa rva qndrtmn 'to become, or be
W. cevur- and t e v u r - , q.v.; in Ar. script
old' (eski- ; in n ~ t ~ r g io:pra:-
n) Rif. I I 2 (only);
easily confused W. 1 or- which has a sirnilar af-rhjtir 'to he decrepit' o:pra:- I 23: F a g .
meaning. 'Tiirku v111 (we travelled for ten sv ff. o p r e - (spelt)/opren- krrhnn wa mtrndorir
days) y a n t a k ~ :t o g eviru: 'skirting the spurs
p d a n 'to be old and worn out'; in Rlinzi
on the side (of the mountain)' T 26 k o g m e n epri:- San. 57v. 2y; o h - / o f r a n - 'identical
y q l g evirii: skirting the Kugrnen mountain with o p r a - l o p r a n - (sic)' same translation
forest' T 28: Uyg. vlrr ff. Bud. n o m tilgenin do. 77v. 7: ipre- (spelt)/ipren- 'identical with
evlrgey (v.1. tevirgey) 'he ~villturn the wheel 6pre-lopren-', same translation do. 93r. 3.
of the law' T T V 1 455; (the acts of the body,
the mind, and the tongue) a j u n l a r berii V U D iipurt- Hap. leg.; Caus. f. of, but syn.
evirdeqi 'which cause the (various) states of W.,Bpiir-. Xak. xr m e n a o a r su:v o p u r t t u m
existence to alternate' U I1 7, 9 ; similar phr. hanialtuhtr 'a16 jrirbi'l-wrci' wa gayrihi 'I urged
do. 80, 64; 81, 69-enetkek t ~ l ~ n t tavgaq ln him to drink water (etc.)' Kog. I11 427
t ~ l l n q aevirrniq 'he translated from Sanskrit (Bpurtiir, 6purtme:k).
into Chinese' U I 14, 1-2; similar phr. U I V 6
passim;-(niy mother and father, my wives) I1 o p r a t - Caus. f. of opra:-; 'to wear out
evirii u l u g l a r l m 'my various great ones' (clothes)' and the like. S.i.s.1n.i.g. W. the same
T T VII 40, 144: Xak. X I 01 rneni: yo:ldm phonetic changes as opra:-. Xak. XI 01
eviirdi: 'he turned me aside (prafani) from to:nIn o p r a t t l : 'he wore out (abli) his garment
the road'; ond one says 01 aya:k evurdi: (sic) (etc.)' I C q . I 261 (opratur, o p r a t m a : k ) :
'he overturned (rlnlaba) the cup' (etc.) Kag. I Gap. xv ff. o p n r t m n s (sic) pir~nnrez we
178 (evure:r, evurme:k); bu: e r 01 I : $ I ~ eskrnm~z 'imperishable' Vef. 86 (quotn.):
evurge:n tcvurge:n 'this man is constantly i p r e t - Caus. f., ktrhna kavdan 'to make (some-
upsetting mid disturbing (!111~i,tcii1. . . wn thing) old' San. 931.. 5: X w n r . xrv o p r a t -
qrrlld~)the business' I 157. 17; similar phr. I 'to destroy'(?) Qntb I 94.
521, 24; 11 81, 24 (tevur-): KU e v u r - is D evril- Pass. f. of evir-; usually 'to revolve',
common; e v r e r yuztn 'he turns his face
sometimes 'to turn (Intrans.) away from
away' 403; sin~ilarphr. 628, 649, 718, etc.; (something Abl.)': S.i.a.m.1.g. W. the same
i s i z n i ~k ~ n birle
l k l l k ~ ne v u r 'reform the
phonetic changes as evlr-. Uyg. v111 ff. Bud.
wicked man's character with punishment' snnsarnlrJ b e r u evrilrnekin u k u p 'under-
5548: xrrr(?) At. yuz e v r u p 424; l'ef. iqin standing the constant revolution of samsdra'
eviirse 'if you turn (the fabric) inside out';
(Le. the alternations of hirth, death, rebirth,
yiiz eviir- (both 'away from' and 'towards') etc.) U 11 I I , 10-11; o l u t a y @ kllrnqtm
69: Gag. xv ff. 4wUr- (spelt) gardsnidan evrilrneser 'if he does not turn away from
'to turn (away)' San. 118r. 14 (quotns.): the evil deed of killing' U I11 4, 12-13 : (if the
X w a r . xrv e v u r - 'to turn (towards or away)' I
passion of lust rises in their minds) a y i g tor8
Qutb 23; hlN 377; Nahc. 323. 2: Osrn. xv eyin e v r i l u r l e r 'they constantly behave (?)in
evlr- 'to turn' (the eyes Acc., away from
something Abi.) T T S I 285. accordance with evil practices' do. 79, 4 (ii);
0.0. U I1 40, 102-3 (1 yan-); U S p . 43, 7;
VUD opBr- Caus. f. of 2 Sp- (o:p-); pec. to 100, 2; S ~ r v192,6;
. 348, 5: Xak. xr e r evrUldi:
Kap. Xak. xr 01 m a g a : rnii:n opiirdi: raca'a'f-racuf min ruachihi 'the man turned
ahs6ni'l-maroqa 'he made me sip the soup' back from his course'; also used of anyone who
(etc.) Kag. I 176 (Bpilriir, o p u r m e : k ) ; bu: departs (in~orafa)from his course Kag. I 2 4 8
e r 01 su:t opurge:n 'this man is in the habit (evrulur, evru1me:k): KR (the moon is in
of giving many sips (ihsd' . . . knjira(n)) of milk the constellation of Cancet) b u e v evriilur,
to someome' I 157. 7. evi e v r u l i i r h a m Szi qevriiliir 'this celestial
mansion revolves; its celestial mansion revolves
opra:- 'to arow old, decay', and esp. (of and it itself revolves' 744; 0.0. 119, 126
clothes) 'to wear out' (Intrans.). S.i.n.m.l.g. in (evren): xrrr(?) T P ~ evrriil-
. 'to turn buck' 69:
a surprisingly wide variety of forms, including Gag. nv ff. ewriil- (spe1t)gordidan 'to revolve'
NE. NC urn-/u:ra- and S W Osm. ipra-. San. I 18r. 20 (iruotns.): X w n r . xrv evrul- 'to
 DIS.
turn towards; to turn downwards' (Intrans.) kogiil 'IT V 22, 35; a j i l n q s ~ zevrlllnrsiz
Qutb 23; 'to be mixed with' Nakc. 179, 6. . . . k6giilltig Pfihl. 6. 3 ; evrilinqsiz t6rii
Suv. 190, 16-17; evrilinqslzin (mis-spelt
VUD Upriil- Pass. f. of Bptir-; the equ.ivalent mriniigsuzin) a g l n q s ~ z l ndo. 488, I 3.
fonn with back vowel., o b ~ l - survrves
, In
SW Osm. Red. 234 and xx Annt. SDD 1081 E avrmdr: See evdindi:.
meaning (of ground) 'to subside, collapse'.
Xak. X I mU:n tlpriildi: /~rrsiyati'l-maraqa E evrfniigsuz Sec e v r i l i n p l z .
'the soup was sipped' Kap. I 245 (opriiliir, F avru:zr: Hap. leg. ; indexed under Z as the
6prtilme:k). O s m . xlv, xv obrul- 'to sub-
last consonant; I.-W.fr. I'e. afrli~a,same mean-
side, collapse' in several texts TTS I 534; ing. Xak. X I avru:zl: (hlS. avru:rr:) al-magi$
II 714; I11 530 (vocalization fixed by Dev. N . mina'l-fa'dm 'mixcd food', e.& wheat and
o b r u k 'chasm', etc.).
1 barley flour mixed and haked together Kai.
D evrig- Co-op. f. of e v i r - r with a curiously 114.5..
wide range of meanings. S.i.s.m.l.g. W. pho- Dls. V. A R S -
netic changes. Xak. xr anrg blrle: telim
evrigti: mdrnsahu knlira(n) 'he often wrestled evii:s- 'to winnow'; very scantily attested;
with him'; and one says an19 ka$rnl:g atrn survives or~lyin SW xx Anat. efle-, evis-.
evripti: 'he helped to turn the horse's course evse-, evs- S D D 508, 559. 561, 562. Xak.
back towards him ( j i radd wachi'l-xayl ilayhi) X I evii:s- nm1.e.; (in the Grammatical Intro-
after it had run away from him'; and one says duction) evu:sgii: (c1.v.) is derived from the
o l m a g a : tawa:r (sic) evrigti: 'he helped me expressiorl evu:sd:i nasafa'l-jay' 'he winnowed
to turn over(fi iaqlib) the goods (etc.), that is the thing' Kaj. I 13. 18: Klp. xv nasafa
to turn them upside down' (yuc'ol zahruha' iiyiis- Tuh. 37a 10: O s m . x v ~ff. evs- occurs
li-batn) Kaj. I 235 (evrigii:r, evrigme:k); (of in three W I and one xvrrr Pe. dicts. in
a poor man in winter) odguv, bile: evri.$ii:r translations of words meaning 'winnowing
yata'allal bi-qabasi'l-ndr 'he comforts himself basket'.
with a firebrand' I 248, 6 (the form must be
right, as it rhymes with other similar words, D 1 evse:- Desid. Den. V. fr. e:v; pec. to
but a der. f. of avlt- might have been ex- m. Xak. X I e r evse:di: iftriqo'l-racul iki
pected): Gag. xvff. 6vriig- pir6miin-i ~ i z i baytilti rua tomanna 'the man longed for his
gardidan 'to surround, or encircle, something', home' Kay. I 277 (evse:r, evse:me:k); a.0.
and metaph. kdwij knrdan 'to meditate, turn 279, 18.
(something) over in one's mind' San. r 1%. I r D 2 &vse:- Hap. leg.; Desid. f. of &:v-. Xak.
(quotns.). XI e r 6vse:dI: tamannd'l-racrrlu'l-'acala 'the
D nprag- H a p leg.; CO-0p.f. of oprs:-. Xak. man wished to hurry' I h j . I 277 (&vse:r,
xr to:nla:r opmgtl: axa&ti'l-a_lu,db fi'l-bil6 6vse:nle:k).
'the garments began to wear out'; also of other D opse:- Dcsid. f. of 1 6p- ; pec. to Kap. Xak.
things K a s I 232 (opra$u:r, opragma:k; XI m e n am: 6pse:dim tnmannayfu taqhilahu
prov.). 'I wished to kiss him' Kaj. I 275 (iipse:r.
V U D Spriig- Hap. leg.; Co-op. f. of iipiir-. 6pse:me:k); e r k m m 6pse:di: 'the man
Xak. XI 01 m a g a : mti:n opriigdi: 'he helped wished to kiss his daughter' 1280, 13.
me to sip ('old J~asro)the soup (etc.)', also D evset- Hap. leg. ; Caus. f. of 1 evse:-. Xak.
used for 'to compete' K a p I 232 (aprii$ii:r, xr o g l u m menl: evsctti: 'my son made me
6prtigme:k).
long (ntanndni wa ,rawri:nqnni) for home' Kaj. I
T r i s . ABR 262 (evsetiir, evsetme:k).
PU?F avurta: (Iavlrda:) 'foster-mothcr, wet- Tris. A D S
nurse'; in Osm. (only?) 'midwife'; the woid
looks foreign (?Iranian). N.0.a.b. Uyg. vrrl ff. D evu:sgu: 1 3 3 ~ k. g . ; N.I. fr. evii:s-. Xak.
Bud. Sanskrit dhdtri 'wet-nurse' a:vrrda: XI 'the word evii:sgii: lima jainsaj bihi'l-$ay' '
T T VIII D.r r : Xak. X I avurta: zi'r 'foster- for 'the thing with which something is win-
mother' Kay. II 144 (tutun-); n.m.e.: K B (if nowed' is derived from evu:s-, q.v. Kaj. I
you have children) avurtasl edgii kivi t u t 13. 18; n.m.e.
a r t g 'engage a good cleanly womnn as their Dis. AB9
foster-mother' 4505 : XIV Muh. fi'ru'l-jabi
ogla:n awurta:sr: Mel. r r, 7-8; R$. 85: D u v u ~Dev. N. fr. u v - ; as such Hap. leg.,
O s m . xrv to xvr a v u r d a 'midwife' in two or but ogug, which is ctymolopically identical,
three texts T T S I1 69; 11147; I V 51. survives in SW Osm. meaninfi 'a way of
rubhing with the hands', Red. 257. Xak. XI
D e v r i l i n p l z Priv. N./A. fr. a Dev. N. fr. uvus fiddt 'fragments' of anything hence
the Refl. f. of evrll-; 'which cannot be turned duqiiqu'l-xubz 'bread-crumbs' are called uvug
back (or aside)'; an epithet applied usually to etme:k Kag. 1 6 1 .
the believer's mind; sometimes used in Hend.
with . a g r n p z 'unshakeable', q.v. Pec. to D opiig Dev. N. fr. 1 6 p - ; 'a kiss', S.i.s.m.1.
. .
Uyg. Rud. UyR v111ff. Bud. e v r i l i n p i z . Xak. X I opiig 01-taqbil 'a kiss', tcn huwa
 D uvga:k Ilev. N./X.S. fr *uv$a:-; very rare 1) iipiig- Ikcip. f. of 1 u p - ; ' t c ~ kiss one
in its original form and soon replaced by u g a k another'; s.i.s.rn.1.p. Uyg. v111 f f , ilud. (the
which s.i.a.m.1.g A more o r less synonymous two brothers) iipigti (sic) I t u p ~ t 'kissed r and
word u v a k , a similar Dev. N.j.A.S. fr. u v a - en,hraced one another' 1'
1 ' 52, 8 : X a k . X I 01
( / UV-) is noted as early as xrv in Osm. m e n i g birle: iipiigdi: q~rhho/or~rmn n n i
and s.i.s.m.l.g., in Osm. since xvtr as u f a k . qabhnltrrhtc 'he kissed me and I kicscd him'
Uasicallv 'crushed, broken u p srnall', hut in K a f . I ISO (opiigiir, iipii$me:k): Gag. s v tf.
most languages hardly more than 'small', Spiig- (spelt) I<ecip f , yrtfdignrrri brisihn 'tn
'something small', e.g. 'a lmy'; 'slander' which kiss nnc another' Snn. 57v. 27: X w a r . s l v
occurs f r u n ~an early period and in several opiig- dittn L ) d r 120.
Ianpunees is an obscure nietaph. meaning. D *uv$a:- Den. V. fr. u v u g ; lit. 'tn Ixcome
U y g . V H I tf. Rlan. (gap) u f g a k (sic) k ~ l ~ n q l r g crumbled, crushed', etc.; the only trace of this
i k i r ~ g i kiigiilliig
i y a l ~ u k l a r k a'to men who
~n:ikeslanders(.?) and have undecided ~ n i n d s ' verb itself is dubiously in Mtrh.. hut it fnrnms
T T III I 17: L I V .(if a I ~ O U S uCv)g a k r s l r s a r several derivatives. (Xnk.) s l v Mnh. lnfntfotn
'to he crushcd, crurnl)led' (mis-spelt tc~gattnia)
'bites (a garment) into srnall pieces' T T V I I (u:gan- (or u w g a n - ) l l f e l . 24, 7 ) ; u:$a.- (or
36, 4-5; uvqnk y u m g a k l u r 'hrnken (i.e. vari-
uwga:-) Rif. 106.
cose) wins' I1 11 3 I , 196 and I 918-ugak k a r t
'a small swelling' 111 6 8 ; u g a k fo2r;rp 'slicing I> uvgat- Caus. f. of *uvga:-, 'to crush.
it up fine' do. 76: X a k . sr si&irtr'l-$ay' 'small crurrlblc' (sonwtl~ingAct.); s.i.ni.nl.l.g. usually
things' are called u g a k n e : g ; hence 01-sibjen as u ~ a t - .As in the case of uvga:k there is a
'boys' arc called u g a k ogla:n; arld ifuqifqrc'l- more o r Icss synonymous verb u v a t - , Caus. f.
-!mtah 'bits of wood' are called u g a k 0:tug; of uva:- (c: uv-), noted as early as X I I I in Kip.
this word is not used in a singul:rr sense (Id (IIorr. 42, 7.0) and s.i.m.m.l.g. with phonetic
ytrfroct) hut only in the plural (li'l-cam') KO$. variations, e.g. NE a:t-, o:t- SW u f a t - . T h e
I 67; u$a:k nl-namirna 'slander', one says Refl. f. u g a n - is common from xrv onwards,
u g x k SO:^ 'slar:derous words' (Iraldrn) I 122; hut there is no trace of a perallcl vcrh u v a n - .
s a x uga:k al-nanrinta I1 20, 6 ; u g a : k ne:v U y g . v111 fr. I3ud. (if people l i ~ dgold ore,
III 279 (tovrn:-): K B yegii a l s n tigle u g a k break it u p , smelt and purify thc gold, and
t a n p l a 'if you take food, bite it and chew it make ornaments out of it) u v g a t m q (mis-
u p small' 4601: XIII(?)At. u g a k Tag 'small printed rry~afnrt~) altun tuzi y e m e teggilmez
pebbles' 60: X I V R@. u g a k k ~ l - to grind' 'the hasic character [lit. 'origin'] of the crushed
(erain); u ~ a k'as small' (as ants) R I 1144 gold (orc) does not dter' SW.71, 20-1; X a k .
(quotns.): Alrrfr, snrnnk gi&ii* 'stnnll fish' u w k SI 01 e t m e : k uvgattr: 'hc cruhll,led (tnfiillafo)
ba:h:k :Ilrl. 77, 6 ; Rif. 1180 (u:gnk); si'alrr'l- the bread (etc.)'; this is the corwct (form,
- s d q ' t h e Iowcr classes' u:gak r+g(onl>-):G a g . a/-snhilt), also prw~ounccd u $ a t - K a f . I 262
s v f f . u$ak/urjak rizo wn !mqh- 'crushed, ( u v g a t u r , u v 9 a t m a : k ) ; 01 e t m e : k ugattl: he
small' Snn. 75v. 26 (quotns.): ?(war. ~ I V crurnl~lcd(fnrta) the hrcntl (etc.)'; also used
u g a k ( t a ~etc.)
, Qtrth zor ; u g a k t a g Nahc. 73, when one crnshcs and crurnhles (ro<& .. .
17: K o m . xrv u g a x '(bread-)crumbs'; u y g a x wa fotin) anything I 21 I ( u g a t u r , u g a t m a : k
(sic) 'deformation' CCG; G r . : K r p XIV u g a k misprinted -me:h in printed text): KB till
;tijrir ciJdir(n) 'very sniall (things)' Id. 15: O s r n . si5zde y a z s a u q a t u r t q r n 'if his tongue makes
xrv ff. u g a k ( I ) 'stnall' (without connotation of a mistake in speaking it breaks his teeth' 2515:
plurality); (2) 'small boy' c.i.3.p. T T S 1 7 2 9 ; xv ff. u g a t - ( - m a k ) rrmt- 'to break'
II 933; 111717; I V 778. (one s bonds) V d . 107 (quotn.); u g a t - gikastnn
'to break' Snn. j s r . zj (quotns.): Xwar. xlv
evgiik liap. leg.; 01-'fiti& has sevcral widely u g a t - 'to hreak' (a bottle, etc.) Quib zor ; MN
divergent meanings, of which the likeliest is 12; Nahc. 2x6, 10: KIP. srv u w g a t - hasnra
'cross-hcam, lintel'. Xak. sr evgiik nl-'riridn 'to break id. 26 (in one MS. only, vocalized
h-n$. I 1o.i. nrqnt-): xv f a q n p 'to crack (an egg, nut, etc.)'
u g a t - Ttrlt. 28a. 1 2 ; inafqris u $ a t r p t l r do.
Dis. V. AB$- 34h. 4: O s m . XIV-XVI u ~ a t -'to break' in
I) c:vig- Co-op. f. of h - ; 'to hurry', some- several texts T T S 1730; 11934; 1117 1 7 ; I V
times with a connotation of group action o r 790; and y u v a t - (sic) in one xrv text 1 I' 909.
cornpetitinn; survives onlv(?) in SW xx Anat.
evig- S D I > 559. Xnk. . s r ki9i:le:r ~ : $ k a : T r i s . AD$
8:vigdi: 'the p;ople hurried ('nciln) about the S n b u $ k a Sec ~ v l $ & a : .
business' KO$. I 186 (8:vigil:r. 8 : v i ~ m e : k ) :
O s t n . slv-svr evig-levig- same meaning, in n i s . AI3Y
several texts T T S I1 554; 111389; I V 445. S a v y a : See ayva:.
1) uvuq- Co-op. f. of UV-; s.i.s.m.1. W.
phonetic changes e.g. NE, NW u:g-, SW Dis. AUZ
ogug-lovug-, and some variations of meaning. D o p u z Dev. N. fr. o:p- 'rough, uneven
X a k . sr 01 m a p : e t m e : k nvuvdi: 'he helped ground'; survives only in S\V ss Anat. o b u s ,
 MON. A C
ohcrz SI)I) 1082; ijbiiz (10. 1100; ubuz do. T h e word early acquired a number of specific
14 1 1 . X n k . S I o p u z kid1 201: Ji'l-or4 'any connotntions, csp. in its derivatives :- ( I ) 'the
une\cnrcs in the ground'; hence m e says interior of the human body' (cf. Ire:@:); (2)
0:y OpUz Id'it ran fndjad 'hollows and rough 'inner', as opposed to outer, clothing (cf.
ground' I k j . 154. igton); (3) 'the interior of a household, esp. a
royal household' (cf. igre:ki:); (4) secret, or
mental processes, as opposed to physical.
evze:- Ilap. leg.; but cf. SW x s Anat. evzil-/ With the 3rd Pers. Suffix in the Dnt., Abl., and
evzin- 'tn be flurried, confused, distressed', Loc. it serves as a Postposition meaning 'into,
SIII) 503. X a k . xr 01 s i h n i : a g a r evze:di: from within, within'. In a few phr., the older
raa$C ilnylii hi-hd&i'l-knkim 'he told him this of which are listed as main entries, it has been
story embellished with falsehoods' KO$. I 275 fused with another word to form a compound
(evze:r, evze:me:k MS. e y e : - but indexed word. S.i.a.m.l.g., with some variations in
undcr X). final consonant. Tiirkii vrzr i$i:n tag1:n 'the
interior and exterior (of the tomb)' I S 12, II
T r i s . ABZ N 14; l$ b u y r u k 'court official' II S 14;
I; nblznn I~Inp.leg.; I.-W. fr. I'crsian dbzarl 'a vrrr ff. kere:kii igi: ne:teg o i 'what is
bath filled with mrdicated water'. CJyg. vrrr ff. the interior of the tent like?' IrkB 18: Yen.
Cir. a b ~ z a nk ~ l r n qk e r g e k 'you must givc T u r g e g e l iqinte: b e g b e n 'I was a chief in
him a medicated both' H 11 22, 131-2. the ?'urge$ realm' A%l. 37, 3: Uye. v111 ff,
Man. kag icinte toriirnig 'created in the
KO$.(?)' T T 111 115: Bud. the word, usually
in the form Iginte, is common, e.g. k a r a m
M o n . AC i ~ i n t 'within
e the ditch' PP 39, 5 ; ballk Iqige
1 a:$ (a:c) 'hunger, hungry'; early forms are 'into the town' do. 41, 7; k a g k u n iginte
all a:$ but the word is a:c in SW (Oiuz) lan- 'within a few days' do. 33, 6: Civ. k a r iqinte
guages from the earlirst period; homophonous 19 k i r d i 'disease entered the upper arm' T T I
W. 2 a:$- (a:c-). Originally 'hungry' in a 18; common in H I and II, T T VII, and Urp.
physical sense, hence metaph. 'covetous' and (in r z , I I ;47, I 5, mis-spelt in igtin ta3tln 'at
the like. S.i.a.ni.l.g.; Cuv. vyg (vlsy), Ash. home and abroad')-yig 'the bowels' H 1 6 7
V 217. Tiirkij v111 T u r k i i bodun a:g (sic) (see ki:r): Xak. xr i c 'the interior (britin) of
erti: 'the 'riirku people rvere hungry' I1 E 38; anything'; hencc 'a belt' (al-wi@h) is called ig
Uyg. vrrr ff. Hud. a $ b a r s 'a hungry tigress' k u r because it is a girdle for the stomach (al-
Sirv. 609, 17; a.o.0.: Civ. a g k a r m k a 'on -betin); and 'a secret' (al-sirr) is d l e d ig s o : ~ ,
an empty stomach' H I 19; a g b a g t r s u k t m that is / d i m fi'l-bait1 'words (hidden) within':
ditto If II 6, I I : Xak. xr a:$ nl-&zrfdn 'hungry' ig e t 'tender meat from near the liver' Kay. I
K q . I79 (prov.); six 0.0. spelt a g and translated 35; four 0.0. ; KB a y i$ ta$ billgll 'oh (God)
al-furidn or nl-cd'i' 'hungry': KB m e n a g who knowest the inside and the outside (of
m e n s a g a 'I am hungry for you' 923; 'every everything)' r I ; k a m u g ig icinde yitig tutsa
hungry (R$) man i f hc eats and drinks is then kiiz 'a man must keep a sharp eye on every-
satislicd, and if a covetous (kozi aq) man dies thing' 329; (if it were not for the merchants)
he lays aside his covetousness (aghk)' 2003; k a q a n kedgey e r d i k a r a kiq l r i 'when
a.o. 3923 (see opra:k): xrv Mtrh. 01-ciiyi' a:c would you wear a lining of hlack sable'' 4425:
(sic?) Me[. 54, 16; H i f . 152: Gag. xv ff. a c XIII(?)At. igi 'the inside' (of a mall) 383;
grirrrsna 'hungry' Salt. 3 2 r 25: X w a r . xrv (of a snake) 214; igige 'into' 308; iginde
a(. 'hungry' gut6 3 ; Nahc. 257, 7: KIP. x r r ~ 'in' 53, 218: Gag. xv ff. ic andonin wa
01-criyi' aq Hoit. 26, 5: xrv aq (cirn) al-cdyi' Id. bcftin 'interior, inside' Saw. 96v. 10 (quotn.);
8: xv ci~vin'hungry'(acik; in margin) a$ Tuh. followed by several phr. beginning W. iq:
~ r b .13: K o m . xrv 'hungry' a g C C I ; Gr. X w a r . xrr[(?) O f . ogol o r m a n icinde 'in that
(phr.): O s m . x ~ v f f .a c 'hungry', and various forest' 22; igike 'into' 233: xrv ig 'inside'
Qutb 56; iginde 'in' MN 74, etc.; a w w a l
derivatives, a c m , acla, etc., c.i.a.p. T T S I 1-3,
11 2, l v 2. .
b a b l . . iginde 'in its first chapter' Nahc. 2,
13; a.o.0. Kom. xrv 'interior, inside' iq CCI,
VU 2 a $ an exclamation pec. to Kaj.; the C C G ; Gr. roq (phr.): KIP. xiv ig (cim)
form with h- is pmb. der. fr. Ar. Xak. XI a g cawmrini 'interior' Id. 9 (also iqkur, iqton);
knlimn iaqiim bi-mnqrim yi'i'l-nida" a word f i 'in' iqinde: (cim) Bul. I 5, 9 : O s m . xrv ff.
equivalent to the (Arabic) word y6' used to ig in various forms, e.g. iqin 'secretly', and
summon (someone)'; one says aq berii: k e l phr., c.i.a.p. TTS I 363-4; 11 514-5; I11
'Hil Come here' Kag. I 35: (VU) haq h a g 353-5; I v 407-10.
knlinla trrzcar bilii'f-xayl 'a word used to make
n horse KO faster', originally a g ac, with hd 1 U:? (u:c) 'extremity, end, tip', primarily in a
substituted for haniza; this agrees with the physical sense, W. some metaph. extensions,
Arabic, when one says hnchactri bi'l-iannm e.g. 'the frontier' (of a country)'. ' m e voiced
'I shouted hac hac to the sheep, %\hen ridin: consonant survives in the SW ( O h z ) lan-
ahead of them' 11 282. guages. S.i.a.m.1.g. with some variations in the
final consonant. T u r k u vrrr bizinte: eki:
iq 'the interior, or inside (of something)'; u p : slgarqa: a r t u k erti: 'their two wings
originally, and often still, in a concrete sense. rvere one and a half times as numerous as US'
 MON. A C
T 40: v111ff. uct:gn: b e g e d m e k k e : te$i:r k e k Gzii [ p p ; l ~ ] l t a f i l n t r '~I I C C ~ I Ishe
S C felt
'he achieves his object of becnming a b ~ g ' malice and spite (inherited) from n previous
Toy. 24 ( E T Y I1 59): U y a . v111 [gap] U ~ I : incarnation' U f f 23, 13-14: X a k . sr. ii:c
Selegeke: tegi: y e r i g btdl: 'their . . . wing al-!riqrl 'malice'; G:q k e k k a m u g klg1:nlg
disposed its forces u p to the Selenga River' y n l g u k ii:ze: a l ~ mbll trnt~platcd a/-!o'r
$11. 6 4: v111fr. R h . - A (from the top of the nio!ltib litlri k a ' l - J o y 'vengcance is a thing
head) a o a k n a g t l r a ~ a ku p g a 'to the tips of sought aftcr iikc a debt' K q . 1 4 3 ; i ) d l ~ $
the tr,e-nails' n f I 17, 20; ol I u q r n d a o l u r d l o:qin a1dr:mu: 'has time taken its revenge on
'he settled on the top of that bush' M o n . - u i ~ . I ~ i m ?1' 4 1 , 1 7 ; o:qin k e k i n i r t e ~ i i 'theyr seek
Frog. 401, I : Mon. o r u k u g u z u q t n b u l m a d i n to take revenge on one another' 1 2 3 0 . 4 ; am.
'without reach in^ the end of your path' T T I I I I1 103, 27: KN 6q in 145, 369, 10.53, 2290,
46; a.0. do 24: Dud. t u g u p d a 'on the 2311 means 'mnlice, spite'; (a good army conl-
point of a standard' U 1138, 77; (stretch out mander) t i t i r b u g r n s r tcg k 6 r or s i i r s e k c k
the two middle fingers of both hands and) ~ $ 1 'must act as nlnl~ciol~sly and spitefully as a
b l l e n t e g i i r 'bring them togethcr at the tips' stallion crtncl with a hcrd of females' 23 r z ;
T T 1,: 8. 56; y k r o r u n u q k ~ d l g'a border- (do good) I s i z k e iiyiin 'in rcturn for evil' 929:
land' liiien-ts. 177: Civ. b i c e k u g t n d a 'on the S I I I ( ? ) l > f . Og 'vengeance' 252; x ~ vMulr. al-
point of a knife' H I I 17; a.0. T T V I I 20, 17: -diyn ccol-qrrsrri 'I>lc)odmoney, retribution' 6 : ~
xtv Chin.-U>f. Ilict. 'the tip of a branch' u g Mel. 83, 7 ; N i f . 188: c a e . s v ff S c ('with -C')
Li,reti 172: X a k . X I u:q 'the extremity (faraj) inliqdn~ '\engcance' S m . 65r. 7: K o m . X I V
of anything'; hcnce butn:k u : ~ I : the tip of 'vengeance' ii?CCG; C,. 181 (phr.): KIP.
a branch': u : e:l ~ nl-logr 'borderland' K a & I X I V O:C ('with front vouel') 01-!o'r Id. 9: xv
44; a.0. 111426 (cert-): K B (death is a sea) fo'r oc Trrh. r ~ h .1 1 ; got). 10-11: Osm.
u p y o k tiibi 'with no limits or bottom' 1140: ;v ff. BC 'vengcance' occurs occasionnlly T T S
XIII(?) TFJ. U Y 'end, limit' 333: SIV Muh. 1 5 5 7 ; 11 742.
m'str'l-lis8n 'the tip of the tongue' ti:l u:F1:
ctm) n4el. 47. 4 ; R$. 140: F a g . xv ff. UC 2 S:F 'a stake in gambling' is not noted before
:,it11 -cr) 'the tip, edge or summit (naruk w KIP. ~ I I ffI NON.22, 3-4 etc. and Osm. xv ff.
dom nca sar) of anything' Son. 65r. 0 (quot.): TTS 1 5 5 7 , etc. It can hardly be taken as a sec.
O g u z xr U:$ nn/(idu'/-fay' 'a shortage of some- meaning of 1 6:g, but was an old word, sec
thing'; hence bo:yda: ne: U:$ wa:r 'there is ace$.
no serious shortage in the clan' (qowm) Kaj. I t i 'threc'; ~ c.i.a.p.a.1. with some variations of
44: X w a r . XIV UT 'end, extremity' Qutb 194; the final consonant. T i i r k u v111 and v111 ff.
h l N 72: K o m . xrv 'end' (physically, o r of common: U y g . v ~ t rE,, all varieties, common:
time) u q CCG; Gr. 263 (phr.): KIP. xtrr X a k . X I tiq 'the number three', hence U$
u:c erl: raculu'l-~oraf 'frontiersman' Notr. 30, y a r m a : k 'thrcc silver coins: (dirhom) Kas. 1
2: X I V U:C ('with back vowels') @ra/ hull fay'; 3 j : xlrr R. Trf, At. noted: s l v M t ~ h .!ol@n
alw used for 'the rump' (of-nlya], hence 'three' i i : ~(sic) MP/. H I , 7 ; 82. 4 ; Rif. 188:
u c u n t e p r e t g l l olwtok hrrzz ccn ?rorrik 'move
over your rump' i d . 8 (there is a v.1. u c a g , C n & xv f t iiq ('wit11 -F') 'threc' Son. 65r. A :
K o m . s l v 'threc' iiq C C ( ; ; G . : K l p , XI11
whicl; s u ~ ~ c sthat t s the second meaning is an mldtn i i : H ~ 011. 22, 3: X I V ditto fd. R ; !oldp liq
error for u p : ) : s v tnrrIfuc T d . 23b. 4(in Ktp.
consistently n i t h cinr, but this might represent (citnj B~rl.12, 10: xv ditto T ~ Ibob. . 7 ; iig (sic,
-c): Osm. XIV ff. uc 'end, edge, frontier' as usual for -c) Kcm. 65. 6.
noted in various phr. fr. xlv onwards T T S I M o n . V . AC-
708-10; 11 915-7;. 111 695-7; I V 772;
u c u n d a n 'because of' also occurs at all periods, 1 a y - 'to open' (Trans.), originally in a physical
but can hardly bc derived either from this sense, with some exrensions, physical, e.g. 'to
word or from iiviin; the likeliest explanation untie (a knot), to clear (the sky)', and metaph.,
is that u c here is an early corruption of Ar. e.g. 'to disclose, explain'. C.i.a.m.1. T i i r k i i
warh which has such a meaning. X I I I [gap] s i i ~ i i g l na q d l m r z 'we opened (a
way?) with o u r lances' T 28. U y g . V I I I ff.
VU 2 u~ Hap. leg.; a kind of tree; t h ~ sentry Man.-A (thcn the great king) a s g a y b e l g i i r t -
follons that of Uq 'with back vouels, the well- g e y 'will disclose and display (his beauty)'
known town', i.e. U$ Turfan. X a k . XI U$ 'a M I I I , 5 ; k a p a e t n a q d l 'he opened his door'
mountain ttee (facar), from which are made M 1 13, 7 ; 8.0. 13, 12: Bud. t e m i r s o n a c t 1
the pcns w ~ t hwhich the Turks write, and also 'he untied the iron chain' PP 33, 2-3; k a p i g
distaffs and walking sticks' (of-mng6zil rc>a'/- a c l p U I f 7 h , I ; k a z l n n p p 'opening his
-'i,r,ri) K a j . I. 35. eyes' U I11 35, 29; a y a g k l l t n g t i n ~ z n l ...
a q a 'disclosing o u r cvil deeds' T T I V 4, 1 8 ;
1 i i : ~(&c) originally 'malice, spite', but from a.o.0. : X a k . s ~k n p u g aqdt:'he opened (fata!to)
quite an early date 'revenge, vengeance', i n the door' K a f . I 163 (aqn:r, a y m a : k ) ; k a r a :
which meaning it s i.a.rn.1.g. T h e final - c sur- b u l l t ~ gyB1 a g a r u r u n q bile: 61 a q a r 'the wind
vives in the S W (Oguz) languages i n this word clears away (ttrqfi') the blnck clouds, with a bribe
and its derivatives. Practically synonymous one opens the door (tfta11 blib) of the kingdom'
with k e k , q.v. U y g . v111ff. Man. o q k e k I 3 5 4 , 9 ; a&: a p p 'openinghisniouth'll 188,
allgu 'takmg revenge on one another' T T II I I ;8.0.0.: K B a q t l u v t m a x yo11 ' H e opened
17. 86-q: Bud. iirlrc a j u n t a k t Oq (spelt ooy) the way to I'arndise' 6 3 : m n g a a y a ? - a 'speak
 M O N . V. A C -
and cxplain to me' 267, tooo; siiziig a q s a m u ntijidan 'to drink' San. y ~ v . 24 (quotns.)
yQ$ 'would it he better to make a statctnent?' X w a r . xrrr(?) iq- 'to drink', common in Og.:
1018; 8.0.0.: S I I I ( ? )l>/.aq- ( I ) 'to open'; xrv ditto Qutb 56; M N 84, etc.: Kom. xrv 'to
(2) 'to conquer (a city, etc ); a q m a k 'victory' drink' iq-; to swear an oath' a n d IF- C C I ,
64, 65; A!. yiiz a q a r 'it reveals its face' 221: C C G ; Gr. Ktp. x r ~ rjariba iq- (rim) Hou.
xrv Mtllt. fatalza aq- Mel. 7, 17-18; 19, r I etc.; 34, 6 ; ditto (rim) 53, 2 ; xrv ditto fd. 8: xv
N I ~79,
. 99, etc.; awdoha 'to explain' aq- 23, ditto Tuh. z l b . 7, a.o.0. rariha iq- (sic) Km.
12; 105; najara 'to disclose, publish' ag- 7.13; ig- 9 , 8 ; al-mayriib 'a drink' igmek 63, 3.
(sic) Rif. 11j : Gag. xv ff. a$- (-kug, etc.) ac-
Vel. 10; aq- ('with -c-') hrqtidan 'to open' uq- basically (of a bird) 'to fly', with various
San. 31r. 2 (q~ottl.):X w a r . s ~ r aq-
r 'to open' metaph. extensions. T h e oldest is, as an
'Ali 28: xrrr(?) s e n m u n d a k a l aq kalrk honorific (of a superior), 'to die'; others are
'stay here and open the window' ( ? ) 02. 254: 'to go with great speed; to drsappear; to twitch;
xrv aq- 'to open , etc. Qutb 3 ( M N 265; Nalzc. (of colours) to fade', and, at any rate in recent
88, X etc.: K o m . xrv 'to open, to reveal' a$- Osm., 'to be dissolute'. C.i.a.p.a.1. Tiirkii
C C I , C C G ; C r . (phr.): KIP. xrtr fataha aq- vrrr Kiil T e g i n . . . uqdr: 'Ktil Tbgin . . . died'
Hou. 34, 9: xrv d ~ t t o .fd. 8 ; fatalto wa hopfa I N E ; eqim x a g a n uqa: bard1 'my (paternal)
('to reveal') a$- Bul. 58r.: xv qndnfa ('to pour uncle, the xagan, died' II E 20; a.o.0. of uqa:
out') mo fatalto aq- Tuh. 3oa, 1 3 ; karafa wa b a r - : v111ff. (the young bird) uqa: aztt: 'lost
fata!ta wn 'nrtdd ('to cross a river, etc.)' aq- its way in flight' I r k n 15; uqa: uma:trn
do. 3 I 1 , r ; ay- nqhnro tnrtfn'oddi 'as a Trans., 'because it could not fly' 61 : Uyg. vrrr k a g i m
to cause to be conquered' Kav. 9, 5 (cf. 2 a:q-): x a g a n uqdr: 'my father, the xafan, died $U.
O s m . xrv ff. :\g- c.i.a.p. in various mclaph. N 12; v r ~ r f f . Bud. u ~ u g m a t t n l i g l a r r ~
meanings, esp. 'to conquer, to publish, to 'flying creatures' T T I V 8, 57: Civ. k o k
polish' T T S 1 2 ; 114 ; I11 2; I V 3. kalrkda u q a r kiig 'birds flying in the sky'
T T I 2 3 ; k u g u k u g u q l 'the swan has flown
2 a:c- (a:c-) 'to be hungry'; homophonous W. away' ditto 215; b u yrlda a g a uqup 'as my
1 a:$ (a:c); s.i.s.m.l., in SW(O&z) languages elder brother died this year' USp. 22, 53-4
as a c - , but in others displaced by acik-, q.v. (post-xtrt): X a k . xr k u g uqdi: 'the bird flew
Tiirkii v111 a:qsa:r (sic) 'if a man is hungry' ({era); anrg kutr: uqdt: 'his luck deserted him'
I S 8 , I I N 6: v111ff. Man. a q a s u v s a m a k - a (dahaba); e r a t t i n kodr: uqdl: 'the man fell
[gap] '(I have suffered?) hunger and thirst' (saqata) off the horse' . . . e r t1:nr: u ~ d l :
l T I1 8, 37: Uyg. vrrr E. Bud. a q m a k inqa@'a nafsu'l-rocul 'the man's breath failed'
s u v s a m a k e m g e k i 'the pangs of hunger and Kaj. I 163 (uqa:r, uqma:k; two phr. not
thirst' Sun. I 18, 4: Xak. XI e r a:qti: 'the man quoted here belong to oc-, q.v., the last, how-
was hungry'(c6'a) Kay. Ir7z(a:$a:r,a:qma:k): ever, seems to belong here); and four 0.0.:
K B s u k u n aqmig ozler 'souls starved by K B uq- (of birds) 'to fly' 23, 74, etc.; tlriglik
greed' 5384: XIII(?)7kf. M a r y a m n r g k a r n i u q a r 'life is fleeting' 231 ; (if a stool collapses)
a c d t 'Maryam was hungry' 64: X I V Muh. u q a r 01 e r i 'the man on it falls off' 803: XI:I(?)
cd'a a:c- Mrl. 24, 16; I<$ 152: Xwar. xrv Tef. u q a r kugiar 334; At. uqgan yiiglirgen
ditto Qtrth facsimtl 49v. r 5; Nahc. 269, 7: neg-e 'beings that fly or walk' 6 ; a.o.0.: xrv
K o m . xtv 'to be hungry' ay- C C I ; Gr.: Krp. Muh. tdra U:$- (sic) Mel. 28, 12; Rif. I I I ; al-
xrv a c - cd'a fd. 8: xv ditto Tuh. 12a. 5 ; Kav. -firan u q m a k 36, 12; 122: Gag. xv ff. uq-
9, 5 (after 1 a$-) (in all KIP. entries cim, but ( - m a k , etc.) connotes movement, e.g. (of the
- t r : In xv): O s m . xtv-xv ac-(-di) 'to be eye) 'to twitch', (of the heart) 'to flutter', (of a
hungry' is common T T S I 2; I1 2; III I ; bird) 'to fly', (of sleep) 'to desert one' Vel. 94-6
IVj. (quotns.); u p ('with ;c-') ( I ) tirdn wa paridan
'to fly'; (2) i.rti16c to quiver, twitch'; (3)
iq- 'to drink' primarily of animated k i n g s , mahw wa ma'diim p d a n 'to perish' San. 62v.
but also of porous objects, earth, etc, to ab- 19 (quotns.): X w a r . xrv U$- 'to fly away'
sorb'; used without an Object the implication Quth 194. M N 351: K o m . xtv 'to fly' U$-
is often 'to drink to excess'. C.i.a.p.a.1. Tiirkii CCI, C C G ; Gr.: Krp. xrrr tcira uq- (cim)
vrrr ff. s u v 1ql:pen 'drinking water' IrkB 17: Iforr. 41, 20: X I V ditto fd. 8, Bul. 60r.: xv ditto
Uyg. v111 ff, Bud. kanrgizlarni iqgeii 'to Tuh. z4a. 3; US- I& Kav. 9, 9 ; 78, 8 : O s m .
drink your blood' U I V 12, 108; a.o.0.: Civ. xlv ff. u p (xv, once ug-) is noted in metaph.
iq- 'to drink' is common, esp. in medical texts, meanings in T T S I 710; I1 934; 111696.
in H I , I I ; T T VII, VIII: Xak. XI e r su:v
iqdf: 'the man drank (~ariba)water(etc.)'; also oq- (of a fire) 'to go out, be extinguished',
used of anything that drinks or absorbs (priba with some metaph. extensions. In Ar. script
aw nof+) anything K q . I 1 6 4 (ire:!-, 1qme:k); indistinguishable fr. u p , so that its separate
seven o.o., two with Perf. in -ti: : K B suv existence was not recognized in Kaj. or xtx
i c e r 73; b o r iqse 'if a man drinks wine' Osrn. dicts. S.i.a.m.1.g. W. various phonetic
339; R.o.o.:xrrr(?) Tef. fq- 'to drink' 127; Ar changes, including S W xx Anat. 6 ~ - ,SDI)
y e m e z iqmez '(God) does not eat or drink' 1100. Cf. s o n - . Uyg. vrtr ff. Bud. biligsfz
262: X I V Muh. !talofa 'to swear an oath' a n d bilig 6 q s e r 'if ignorance is extinguished' (and
l$- Mel. 25, 10 ( R $ 108 is corrupt, perhaps so on, 24 occurrences) U II I 2,24 ff. ; a l k u a d a
read anttk-); rariba i:q- 27, 12 (110 ii:p in t u d a b a r q a 6 q e r a l k ~ n u r'all dangers com-
error): Gag. xvff. i$- ('with -v-') p r a b wa pletely disappear and come to nothing' T T V
 M O N . l'. A C -
10, 87; n.<).11,' 20, notc 4 2 ; V111 4 . 1 8 and I>rothcrs(itnd ~ i c p h r \ \ sancl ) clclrr Iwrthcrs (and
43: Civ. o t yalrnl 6 q t i 'the flame was extin- rlncles)' I E h, I1 1: 6 ; a.0.o. I I e~ ~ i and : ini:
guished' 7'7 1 124: X a k . ?cl (among examples in apposition: vrrlff. Yen. inim eqirniz
of uq-) o:t oqdi: 'the fire went out (snkann); hlol. 29, 4 ; i i eqirne: ~ 32, I and I 3 : Man.
e r n i g opke:si: oqdi: 'the man's anper dicd i n i l i &Ill C111rm. I 31 ; ini bql h1 I11 0 , 6 (iii);
doxvn' (rnkontr) Knj. I 164: KB (in old age) I n / l ; e q i l e r i n do,. 22, 10 (ii): U y e . vrrr H.
t a t l g b a r d 1 ijqti k u r u g s a k o t l 'the savour Ilud. &clsperilic:illy 'eltle~-1,rc~tlwr I S coninion
of life h;is p n c a n d thr firc in tlw helly dicd in Pi'; :I.(I. U 11182, 13 (111 11 I1 1 0 , 1 8 ; 20,
down' 375; b u dn\vl:~t o t ~b a r q a ijqgu 2 1 Cgi is ;I n r i s r e n d ~ ~01r ~e v q i ) : Civ. inl Pc1
t u r u r 'the tire of gnod fortune is all estin- 7'7' I 1 3 7 ; C$1 is colnm(rn in U S p . , pn11,. only
guishcd' 5324: s r l ~ ( ? )A t , ijcer n u h n a t o t ~ 'elder brother': 0. K t r . I X N. eqi:/&qi: is fairly
'the firc of alfliction dies rlrnvn' 351 : G a g . common, and n ~ i s h t Ii;~re either nrr:~rring
xv ff. oq- ( - t i ) if used of a candle, means 'to Mnl. 6, 2 etc.: X a k . xl eqi: 01-nstr'l-nkhor
go out' (snyiitt-) Vel. 9 j (quotn.): 6q- ('with 3innn(n) 'elder brothrr' K q . I 87; I11 7
-F-') 'nmimliy ,wdnn p m a ' zta dlnj 'of a candle ( y u r q ) : KIj a t n b a r d i h$ t u $ 6qi yB in1
o r tire to be e x t i n ~ u i s h c d ' S a n . 62v. 23 'your father ha.; gone and your colnrades and
v 'to be extinguished'
: w a r . x ~ iiq-
( q u ~ t n s . )X elder and younger brothers' 3784 (prol'.
Qtrtb 120 (Q-), 194 (116-), 202 (iic-). spurious): XIII(?) Tcf Cqi sywnytrlous ~ w t h
Ar. 'amm 'paternal uncle' 8 6 : K1p. s f v 6qi:
Dls. ACA 01-'amm i d . 9 ; nl-'nmm eqqi: I W . y , 3 (cinl
in both).
eqe: etc. Prelinrinary notc. T h r r are in some
modern longlmnges, esp. ATE and S I V X,Y Annt., VU 2 eqi: Iiap. leg.; prob. a Sec. f . o f efii:.
a good many words of the form A C A IL,/I~CII a r c B a r s g a : n X I cqi: ul-jahln 'an uld nmn (or
t e r m of rclntionship or resprrt. Some are cer- woman)' h-oj. I 87.
tninly Along. lonn-words, e.g. ece 'mnster' a n d et$: seems to menlr ratller vaguely 'ancestor';
vnriorrr forms of eqige 'frrfher', and otlwrs muy verv m r e ; perhaps survives in S \ V s x Annt.
he. 7'he only ccrtain old 7'1rrkisl1rrords of !his a c u 'grandfather' (alscr 'clder hrothcr') SUL)
form nre ege:, C$i:, nnd egii:. 69. T i i r k u v111 egti:m a p a : m , etc. sec 1 apa::
U y g . v111 tT. &Inn. e q e s i (sic) do.: X a k . xl Kfl
eqe: both this word and eke:, q . v . , seem to (in an invocation of God) a y m c n g i i 'oh
have meanings straddling the generations (see everlasting ancestor' 10.
PO:), this word meaning both 'one's mother's
younger sister' and 'one's own elder sister' uqa: ( ? u c a : ) an anatotiiicnl term used both for
and eke: both 'one's father's younger sister' men and animals, 'the loins, haunches, rump'.
and 'one's own elder sister'; this would explain and t h e like; s.i.m.m.l.g., with voiced con-
why this word survives in residual form sonnnt in some NI': languagessand S W Osnl.,
in NW and SW attached tn t a y (taea:y, q.v.) perhaps theoriginal pnmunciation. U y g . V I I I ~ ~ .
to give the meaning 'maternal aunt' (Osm. Civ. t o r t y a l ~ l d au q a d n 'on the fourth day of
tcyze). As an independent word survives t h e month (the soul is) in t h e loins' TT V I I
only(?) in SW xx Anat. a c e , e c e , e d e , ici 20, 6-7: xlv Chin.-IJ1.2. nict. 'the back' u q a
? D D 67, 503-5, 780 which all mean, infer alin, R I 1734; I,igeli 273: X a k . X I uqn: ol-znlrr
elder sister'. X a k . X I eqe: syn. m. eke:, that 'the back' KO?.1 8 7 : (jag. xv ff. u q a 'the hack'
is 01-rrxttr'l-kltbrd 'elder sister'; the -q- was (arkn), more spccitically the backbone (oq~rrgo
changed from - k - as in Ar. crrrin from garm kemki) in the middle of the back, and more
and crrnbnd from p n b o d K a f . I 86 (this generally 'the back parts' (orkn ma~~allindn);
pholiolojy is absurd; 110th words with initial with a notc on the Turkish custom of regard in^
g- (so marked in the test) are Pe. I.-W. and the the loins as the nrost ho~ioumhlejoint at a
sound change is normal in such cases): G a g . feast Vd. 96 (quotns.); u c n ('with -C-') ( I )
eqe('with -v-')tart-i nrrrrii~~tn'anelderly woman' p ~ q 'the t hack'; (2) mnlcci'cc~apan~ilt "protrction.
San. 32v. 4. support' Son. h 5 r 9 (quntns.): X w a r . s l v u q a
'back' Qtrtb 194: Kom. xlv 'the hack' u q a I
1 Pqi: as pointed out in I<. Gronbech. ' T h e C C G ; G r . 263 (quotn.): KIP. x ~ vu:ca: al-
Turkish System of Kinship', in Sttrdin O~ie?t- -kajal 'the haunches' Id. 26: xv a/-mcifirrr 'the
rnlin . . . j'ohonni Pedersm dicata, Munks- haunches' u c a Ttrh. 14a. 5 ; a/-'ncaz 'the but-
paard, 1953, this word means 'a close male tocks' ditto 24b. 7 (cim everywhere): Osm.
relative younger than one's father and older xv ff. UCR 'buttocks' c.i.a.p. II'TS 1708-9; I1
than oneself', i.e. both '(junior) paternal uncle 914; I11 694; I17 771; Son. 65r. 16 gives
and 'elder brother'. It soon lost its first menn- srtrin 'buttocks' as a spccificaily Rtimi meaning
ing, and in the n~edievalperiod was displaced of the word.
almost evervwhere by the synonymous Mong.
I.-W.nfn ("ha); it survives, ho\vcver, in SW D i s . V. ACA-
xs Anat, in fomis l ~ k ethose quoted under
eqe:. T u r k u v111 eqi:m x a g a n o l u r t t : 'my ap:- ( ?ac1:-) originally 'to bc bitter' in n
(junior) paternal uncle ascended t h e throne physical sense, later also 'to be sour'; a t a very
16 16. 1 1 E 14, n.o.o. in this sense; ini:li: e ~ i : l i : early date dcrelnpcd several nietaph. meanings.
kik$u:rtiiki:n iiqii:n 'hccause (the Chinese) the comnwncst (of R disensc, etc.) 'to bc pain-
aroused mutual enmity hct\veen younger ful', liencc (of a perron) 'to ft.el pain', and hence
 DIS.
'to feel the pain , ~ fothers, to fccl compassion'; S.i.a.ni.l.g.,almost always in a metaph. sense
in most languager the original phyrical rnean- in SW and lit. sense elsewhere. T i i r k u v111ff.
ing is lost; Snmi, 22, says that in Oim. agr1:- Man. t e g r l g neqe a$tt(t)trnlz a j i r ~ t ( t ) ~ m ~ z
crmnoter deep-seated pain, act:- superficial, erser'inasmuch as we have pained and grieved
hut more acute and lasting pain, and s l z - God' Clrrmr. 5 7 ; a.0. 90: X a k . X I 01 sirke:
intermittent mmculnr nr ncrvous pain. aqlttl: ~rnmma~n'l-xnll'he made the vinegar
S . i . ~ . n i . l . ~with
. , v o i c d consonant in some (etc.) sour'; and one sayc ol a n i g kiiglin
NI: languages and the S W (Ocuz) lanpuagcs. aq:ttl: amodda qalfxzhrt hi-fado 'he pained his
IJyE. V I I I IT. Civ. i g l g n g r ~ j i i gnqttll 'your heart with rnisfortunc'. Kaj. 1 207 f a q t t u r ,
discnsc and pain hnvc hccome acute' TT 1 4 9 : a q i t r n x k ) ; 01 kiip 01 siicifini: a ~ i t g a : n'that
X n k . xr s l r k e : a q ~ : d l : !rainrrdn'l-.roll 'thc jar alrvayq makes the wine fin it) sour' I 154:
vinegar (etc.) w a s sour'; also used oC ttic pain K U k a g ~kiizi t i i g m i ~a q t m l g yiizin 'he
(runca') of a wnund when it aches (oinqlda) knitted his brows and his eyes and made hip
Kaj. III 252 (aql:r, agt:ma:k): Kn,uragun face grim' 770: ~ I I I ( ?At. ) a q l t m a a g l z 'do
i$er t e g a c l r kiirse m e n '1 taste hmerncss, not make your mouth [i.e. words] bitter' 162:
see, likr one who drinks r~r~@rn(q.v.)' 815; G a g , xv ff. a c l t - Caus. f.; ( I ) ta1.r knrdnn 'to
(C)gd"lmi8) k e q m i ~t i r i g l i k k e a g l p 'regret- make hitter'; (2) metaph. srizncik hardan bd
ting his past life' (begins to repcnt) Chap. 73 xdrij 'to make inflamed (or painful) with an
title (5631-2): xlv Muh. !znmrrdn RCI:- Mel. itch' San. 31r. 29 (quotns.): O s m . xvr a c ~ t -
25, 10: Rif. 108: G a g . xv ff. RCI- ('with -C-') 'to cause pain' '1'7'sI1 2 ; I11 I ; I V 3.
t a k gudan 'to he bitter' San. 31r. 1 8 : Klp. xv
Fnraqa 'to have a burning fccling' a c t - 'lirh. D a q t u r - Caus. f. of 1 a$-;'to order(someone
13b. 8. Dat.) t o open (something Acc.).' S.i.s.m.1.
X a k , XI o l k a p u g a q t u r d ~ :'he ordered the
1) 1 6qe:- (6ce:-) I h n . V. fr. I 6:q; 'to feel opening (bi-faill) of the door', also used for
hostile, desire rcvengc'. Itarc, but survives in opening anything else K a j . I 218 ( a q t u r u r ,
several NE Innguagrs, R I 1285, 1286, 1289, a q t u r m a : k ) : Gag. xv ff. a q t u r - Caus. f. (of
1876, and Tuv. we-. Xali. X I K B 8qep k e k 1 a$-) San. grr. 18: Kip. xrv a q t u r - llflaha
s o r a r Ulse 'if h e dies secking revenge' 4651: 'to cause to open' fd. 8.
( K o m . xrv 'to ~ncite,goad on' o$&- CCG;
Cr. might be a survival of this word). I) iqtiir- Caus. f. of iq- 'to give (someone Dat..
something Acc.) to drink'. Very rare alter-
D 2 *o$e- (Uce:-) Sce 2 riqe$-. native to iqiir-, q.v. Xak. xr 01 m a g a : su:v
iqtiirdi: njmbani'l-md' 'he gave me water (etc.)
Dis. ACD to drink'; i ~ i i r d i :is also used in this sense
Kaj. I 218 ( i p u r u r , iqtiirme:k): Ktp. xv
D iiyiit 1Iap. leg.; Dev. N , fr. 1 iiqe:-. Xak. xr 'they sometimes omit the letter -d- and say
oqiit 01-la'r rua'l-lriqd 'rcvengc, malice'; its for nsqd 'to give to drink' igir-, the original
origin is 1 o:q Kag. 1 5 0 . form being iqdir- 7i1h. 83a. 3-4
C i q t o n conlpound of iq 'inner' and to:n 'gar- T r i s . ACD
ments', used specifically for 'drawers', hence
more generally 'troucers'. S.i.m.m.l.g., an I> i c t i n s i z 1-lap. leg.; Prw. N./A. fr. the Ahl.
early loan-word in Russian as shtany. T h e of i q ; 'having no interior'. Uyg. v111ff. Bud.
form in some modern NIS, SE, and N C lan- Sanskrit nirantaruhdlzya iti krtvd 'having made
guages, rgtnn, suggcsts that some of these may it completely external' i ~ t i n s i (gap)
z TT V I I I
he rehorrowings from Iiussian but SW Ostn. A.4.
i q d o n is a direct survival. UyR. vrrl ff. Civ.
tigl klginig i c t o m n t g a g t n d a (so read) D i p i r t i : Adv. in -tirti: fr. iq; properly
'in the gusset of thc woman's trousers' 7'7' 'inside', but in practice 'inside one another,
V I I 26, 9-10: (Xak.) xrv hfnA.(?) al-sardwil interlocked'. Pec. to Uyg. Uyg. wrr ff. Bud.
'trousers, drawers' igton Rif. 167 (only); a t s l z e r g e k k i ~ i ge r g e k iqtirti s o l a 'inter-
al-tikka 'trouwr band' ugta:n b a : g ~ : (sic) lock the ring and little tingers (of both hands)'
Mel. 67. 7 (Rif, i1e:rsuk): G a g . xv ff. l e t a n TT V 8, 55; o n e r g e k i q t i r t i s o l a p 'inter-
diz donic 'knee-length drawers' Vel. 63 locking the ten fingers' do. 10, 9 5 .
(quotn.); i g t a n corruption (mullnrraf) of iq
t o n zir c6ma 'under-garment', in Ar. it& Sm. T r i s . V. ACD-
106v. 6 (quotn.): Ktp. ~ I I al-sar6rcil
I (kon~e:k D C *iqtonlan- Hap. leg.; Refl. Den. V. fr.
and i:m and) i g t o n al-qwn~jit'l-ddxil 'under- i ~ t o nX. a k . xr e r i ~ t o n l a n d l :'the man more
linen' Iforc. 18, I 3: xrv iqton (cirrr) al-sardzuif, trousers' (01-sardruil); originally i q t o n l a n d ~ : ,
that is, ~ a w bcawmcini 'inner garment', com- but the -v- was changed into -9- because of
pounded of iq 'inner' and t o n 'garment' Id. 9 : the proximity of the points of utterance (a[-
xv libris 'clothing' ( k o n ~ e kand) iqton Ttlh. -1noxrac) Kq.I 314 ( i g t o n l a n u r , i g t o n l a n -
31b. 11. ma:k).
Dis. V. ACD- D i s . ACG
D a p t - ( ? a c ~ t -Caus.
) f. of aq1:-; lit. 'to make p l a q l g ( ? a c l g ) N.1A.S. fr. aq1:-; originally
(sntnrrhing A c t . ) bitter, o r snur'; metaph. bitter' in a physical scnse, in some languages
'to c ; ~ q ~p;un
c o r g r k f to (son~cone Acc.)'. 'sour', although this is properly e k q l g ; it soon
 acquired nietaph. meanings 'grievous, pain- 1 63: Kit (the king speaks) m e n l g d l n
ful', and in some lanpuagcs 'anger, angry'. a p e b o l s u s e n d i n tapup, 'let there be gilts
S.i.a.m.l.p. \v. phonetic channes; in some NW from me and service from ) n u ' 596; Ql(1)igme
and SW languages there is a curious develop- a p r g b i d e R T ~ IknpuQ 'and the king opened
ment, acr b r ~ n gused for 'hitter, painful', nnd the door n i t h a gift' 616; o.o. 1035, 2399,
a c r k for 'arrpcr'. 'l'he latter might be taken as 2495#52~~.
a I k v . N. in - k hut there is no earlv trare of
such a word. U y g . v111ff. Man.-A n c ~ g L) n q u k N.j.4.S. (I'ass.) fr. l :\F-; lit. 'open'
e m g e k 'nrievous pain' M I 9 . 6 : Bu(1. nqrg with nirtaph. cxtcnsions, ecp. ( I ) 'clcar' (sky);
( 2 ) 'frank, friendly' (dispoq~tion); (3) 'nhvious,
iinin sigta[yul 'sobbing in a doleful voice'
..
U 111 13, 5 ( I ) ; a & m m f a k ~ t a t n j i l a r . manifest'; (4) in recent Osm. 'an open finxncial
account, dcfcicncy, I~ankrl~ptcy'. S.i.a.ni.l.g.
a$@ b o h p 'the sweet tastes in my tnouth
beconiina hitter' U 111 37, 30-2; a q l g usually as B C I ~and tlir like. U y g . V I I I fr.
e m g e k ZJ 11' 30, f q ; 40, 188: r,.o. 7'T V I I Ilud. a g u k a c j ~ r t l ~'clrnrly
g distiriguichablc'
40, 25-6; .CNV. 514, I ; ( t a r k u : ) : C'iv. aqrg T T V1 3383 (\,.l.); a q u k (gap) U I11 35. 16:
n a r a 'a bittcr pomcjiranate' H I1 16, 2 ; (when X a k . X I npuk 'anything opcn' (iirnftri?~);hcncc
two hearts are linked as one) e l d l n x a n d l n a y k k a p u g 'an open door'; a p k k6:k 'a
a p g b o l u r m u 'can there come distress from cloudless (mrrf/riyo) sky'; and anything ob-
the realm or ruler?' TT I 179: X a k . X I a$lg vious (bayjin) is called a p k r:g Kag. I 64:
'anything hitter' (murr) Kag. I 63; 0.0. murr KB a q u k t u t t l yiiz 'he maintained a friendly
I1 75, 13; hdmid 'sour' I1 311, 15 and 19; attitude' 500; a p k 'friendly' 691, 2122;
III 272, 23; al-hdmid wn'l-mrrrr I1 299, 25: xrrr(?) T ~ Ea p k 'obvious, clear' 65: xrv Mnh.
KB a q ~ g k at a t i g 'sweet for bitter' 1087; nl-m/lii!l a q u k (rim) Me/. 56, 4 ; 82, 16; Rif.
a q l g b u liliim 'death is grievous'; 1170; 154, 188: F a g . xvff. a p k ('with -F-')
a g u d a a s @ 'more hitter than poison' 3913; krrJtido 'open' Son. 32v. 2 (qmtn.): X w a r .
a.o.0.: XIII(?)Tef a p g ( I ) 'bitter'; (2) 'pain, xrv a $ ~ k'open, clear' Qrrth. 3 ; Nohc. 2, 1 6 ;
grief' 64: AI. s u q i i g t a t t i o e r s e a q ~ g k a 23, 6 etc.: Krp. X I V n p k (clin) nl-rnnftiih Id.
a n u n 'if you have tasted smeetncss, prepare 8: xv irraftri!~ q r k Tuh. 4 8 b 7: O s m . XIV ff.
yourself for bitterness' 209; a.o. 436: XIV a p g / a $ u k 'open, clear', fr. xvr onwards a c r k
h11rh. 01-murr a c r g l a c l Mcl. ;h, 6 ; Rif. 154; T T S I1 3, 5 ; 1112.
ditto acr:g 66. 3 ; 165; nl-?~in&in:ct: 66, 3 ; oqok/ovak ( ? o c o k ) originally 'hearth, fire-
165; al-hirrif 'pungent' a c r g R$ I 54 (in 165 place', and tlic like; hence esp. in SC, SW 'a
ekgl:); 02-mi'rr'l-rndIi11 'salt n-ater' acl: SU: building of which thc hearth is the centre', and
76, 17; 180 ( n a g ) : @g. xv R. a c r g l a c l k hence 'a group of persons asscmhling'in such
('with -C-') ta1.v 'bitter'; !rayf rcn ta'assuf 'op- a building', that is 'family, guild, regiment of
pression, grief' Vel. 10; a c ~ c('with -C-') (I) Janissarics', etc. S.i.a.n.1.g.; in some NE and
xagm ~ c n & j ''anger,
~ wrath'; (2) ra1.r Son. gzv. N C languages o$ok and ,the like; in the SW
5 (quotn.): X w a r . xrv a t p g 'bitter' Q u ~ b3 ; (Oiuz) lanzuages o c a k . I'hc evidence points
M N 341; Nnhc. 135, 5 etc.: KIP. X I I I al-murr to ocolc ;IS thc original form. U y g . v111 ff. nud.
a p : Ilotr. 27, I D ; 01-ma&d 'pain, inflanima- (in a list of parts of the house) oyok t a g
tion' R F I ~(unvocali~ed)32, 20: S I V RCX al- 'hcnrthstone' T T V 1 86: X a k . XI o p k al-
-murr / d . 9 : xv Irdrnid(Qk9I and) a c l Ttth r j a . -krintin 'fireplace' Kay. 1 6 4 ; k a f u r m e : oqok
I r lnhnn 'milk' is translated inter olia by a c l (sic) 'a fireplace which is transported from
'sour' 31b. 12; al-nrd'rr'i-mtik a:cx su: Kav. place to place' I 490, 26: xrv Muh. a/-rrricmam
58, I,?: O s m . xvff. a c l g 'anger' in Dcde o:cn:g (rim) Mcl. 68, 15; Rif. 169: Gag. ,
(xv) T T S 11 2; a c l g l a c ~ k 'pain, ,painful' xv ff. o c e g l o c a k ( I ) titafd611-i innthax 'a
in s v and xvl and a c l 'bitter' (phys~caland kitchen fireplace' on which they put cooking-
metaph.) fr. xv onwards TTS I I , 2 ; I1 2 ; pot.; : hence metaph. rlridindn rcn !nvlinnridn-i
m I ; IF 2. b t c x r p a large family o r clan'; (2) 'an iron ring'
(towq) which they put on a prisoner o r criminal
1) 2 a q ~ galthough
, the semantic connection is San. 65r. 19 (quotn.; there is no other trace of
tenuous, presumnhly a Dev. N , fr; 1 aq- cf. the last mcaning): Korn. ulv 'fireplace' o p k
acpn-; 'a gift' and more specifically n gift from C C G ; G r . : KIP. X I I I 01-kimin o:ca:k (mis-
a ruler'; Kog.'s second meaning is not noted spelt rroco:k) Iforr. 6, I g : xv kdniin o c a k Ttrlr.
rise\\-hcre. N.0.a.h. U y g . vrrr ff. Chr. yiik- 31a. 5 ; K m . 64, 6 : O s m . xv ff. o c n k is re-
l e r i n a q t r l a r e r t i i t i n a q u @ n iitiindiler corded for 'fireplace' fr. xv and with nictaph.
(the hlagi) 'opened their packages and pre- meanin)r fr. sv11 T T S I 5 3 j ; 111530; I V 596.
sented their gifts (Hend.)' U 1 6 , 12-13 (mis-
transcribed and mistranslated): Civ. (if the VU ?L) u ~ u assuming,k as seems reasonable,
base of his ear twitches) b e g l e r d i n a$@ that it is not oqok, there is one early occur-
a y a g a l l r 'he will receive gifts and honours rence of this word, which might, in the con-
from the brz's' T T V I I 34, 10-1 I : X n k . X I text h e taken as a Dev. N . fr. u p . T h e r e is one
apjr, the word for 'a gift from the Sultan' ccrtain survival of such a word, K o m . X I V
(cfi'izntri'l-srrlfdtr); hence xa:n m a g a : a p g U ~ 'chaff'
X (:CC; Cr.. no doubt so ca!led
bC:rdi: actiaani'l-innlik 'the kinp pave m e a because it flick about. This meaning survwes
gift': a p g 01-lnnn"tim 'contentment, well- in N\V Iia:~.,R I 1 3 2 7 It is diflicult, if not im-
hcinp', hcncc 6:zil:gni: aqrR11g t u t 'make possible, to connect uq- with Gag. xv ff.
vourself comfortnhle (nn"inr) with good food' ~ ~ u f & u k ('with -y-') ( I ) tnbsril 'fever spots';
 TRIS.
(2) metaph., x d ' a mole (or stye?) which grows Acc.) to disappear; to let (something) slip';
in the eye' San. 65v. 18, or O s m . xrv ff. morphologically a Hefl. f. but with no known
uquk 'epilepsy' T?'S I 71 2; I1 9x7; 111696; basic form. Survives in NE Alt., Tel. ~ q k ~ n -
I V 773 (and San. 65v. 20). T h e early passage Iikqln-; Sag. ~ s k l n - R. I 1355, 1384,
might possibly (other alternatives have hcen 1391; Khak. t s x ~ n - ;T u v . 19krn-: N W Kaz.
suggevted) be translated as follows: Tiirkii ~ q k ~ n -'I'urkii
. v111T u r k u hodun Blledtik
v111 (we lived in the <logay kuzl: and I<ara: bl1:n aqfynu: 1Brn1g 'Thc 'I'urltii people let
kum, eating gazelles and hares; the people's the realm whlch they had created completely
bellies were full) ya&mlz tegre: uquk teg disappear' I B 6, I1 E 7 (with rd- as Aux. V.);
erti: 'our enemies were all round us like a torii:sti:n r q g l n m q bogunla 'the people
flock of birds' T R. who had allowed the Turku customary law to
disappear' I E 13 (I1 E I I ) ; 0.0. Onxin r and 2
VU aqkr: 'elder brother, (junior) paternal (derived from I ) ; vrrrff. uzu:nto:nlu:g
uncle'; CF. BqI:. T h e Xak. entry follows oqak k6zgii:si:n kfilke: rqg1nmi:g 'a woman let her
and might imply a basic f o r p +aqrk, but the mirror fall in a lake' IrkB 22: hlan. birok 01
KIP. forms point to aqkl:. N.o.a.b. Xak. thc klgi Bgin k6giilin ~ q g r n s a 'if r that man loses
Xikini (Turks), addressing an elder hrother his understanding and senses' M 11117, 10-1 I
(al-axi'l-akhar) say aqklrn; the qdf is inserted (ii); 18, 9-10 (i): Uyk. vrr~ff. Bud. b i r e r
only with the 1st Pers. Poss. Suff.; it is not b i r e r oeiimin kogiiliimin ~ q g l n u r m e n'I
permissible to say aqklg Koj. 1 6 4 : KIP. xrrr lose my understanding and senses one by one'
01-'amm 'paternal uncle' ackr: (sic; also ata: U I I I 37, I ;erdernlig etiiziirn ~ q e r n s a r m e n
karmdagl:) fd. 31, 19: xlv aqgl: (cint, un- 'if I lose my (present) virtuous body' (when
vo;..alized) al-~ngiryuxcifibu'l-kabir 'a junior shall I be horn again with another as good?)
thus addresses a senior' Id. 9. U I1 88, 79: Civ. (if a man has a mole on his
D u ~ E u Hap.
k leg.?, pnwibly the earlier form of lip, it means that) t a v a r ~&!unguql bolur
some medieval words mentioned under u p k ; 'he is going to lose his money' T T VII 37,
presuniably Dev. N. fr. U?-. Xak. xr u c g u k 9-10: Xak. xr 01 kuqnl: ellgden i q g ~ n d l :
61-zukdm 'catarrh, cold in the head' Kaj. I 98. 'he let the bird slip (ajlato) out of his hand';
(prov.); e r ~ q g ~ n d r'the : man broke wind
C i r k u r compound of iq 'inner' and 1 k u r (radamo) in a public gathering, and to his con-
'belt'. Survives in some NE, SE, NC, and SW fucion could not restrain himself' Koj. I 253
languages as ~ q k ~uqkur,
r, and the like. Xak. (~qglnu:r, 1qglnma:k); 0.0. I 447, 7; 111
xr Kaj. I 3 5 (Q): xrv Muh. al-l<amarr& 'belt' 307, 2: KD tjl rqgrnmasa 'if he does not lose
u q k u r Mel. 67, 8 ; Xwar. X ~ I I 'Ali iqkur control of his tongue' 2350: xm(?) Tef. d i n
'belt' 47: K o m . xrv 'belt' q k i r CCG; Gr.: ~ q g i n g a y l a r 'they will abandon the (true)
Ktp. xrv iqkur a[-komorr6n 'a Pe. word' Id. faith' 130: Gag. xv ff. lrlun- mutahayyar ol-
9: O s m . xvrrr u q g u r in Rtimi, band-i ixir pcro 'to be confused' Vel. 49 (quotn.; a niistransla-
band-i pdwcir 'the belt of the trousers or tion, the phr. means 'letting the fish slip from
drawers' San. 65r. 29. his hand'); lqgm- ('with -F-') San. 96v. 8
(some quotn. and mistranslation): X w a r . xrv
Di8. V. ACG- ~ q g r n -(onceuq@n-) 'to release, let go, lose'
D acrk- (a:crk-) Intensive form of 2 a:q-; Qutb 194, 205: Kom. xlv ~ q k l n -'to escape'
originally stronger than the latter, 'to he (ric) CCG; G . : KIP. xv tafallnta 'to escape'
famished', but now the normal word for 'to (sic) ~ p k l n -Tuh. gh. I .
hc hungry1 in a.m.l.g.; S W Osm. actk-, 'I'km. T r i s . ACG
a : c ~ k - . Xak. xr e r aqlkti: tadawruarn'l-
-mcul mina'l-cri' 'the m m writhed with hunger' D l a@l@ (acrgllg) P.N./A. fr. 1 aqtg;
Kaj. I 190 (aq~ka:r, a$rkma:k); the suffix s.i.m.m.l.g. with a wide ranEe of meanings
-k- is used in a Pass. (or Intrans.) sense when including NE 'niiserable, unhappy'; N C
a m m is overcome by something, e.g. e r 'angry'; NW usually 'angry'; SW 'distressing,
aqrkdl: cci'a'l-rocrcl li-kamnihi mnlrbris am tragic, distressed, grieved'. Xak. XI aqrgllg
mnhrtir 'alayhi 'the man was hungry because ktip dann dri humridcit mrcl~ammidmd pbba fihi
he was imprisoned or put under restraint' I 'a jar containing sour things which hlms what-
21, 2: Gag. xv ff. acrk- prrrrno jrtdan 'to ever is poured into it sour' K q . I 147: G a g
he hungry' Snrr. 32 r. 12: X w a r . x ~ aqlkrnr$
v xv ff. aclgllg xiimndk 'angry' Son, 32v. 8.
bijri 'a hungry wolf' AdN 76: K o m . xrv 'to be
hungry' a ~ l k -CCG; Gt.. D 2 a q ~ j p gP.N./A. fr. 2 aqrg; pec. to Kaj.
Xak. xr aqlgllg e r ol-raculri'l-mana"am 'a
D u p k - ( ? ucuk-) Den. V. (Intrans.) fr. comfortable, contented man' Kaj. I 147(prov.)
1 u : N.0.a.b.
~ Xak. XI I:$ uquktl: balaga'l I 63 ( 2 a$@).
amr cixirahrr 'the matter reached its con-
c l u h n Kaj. I ~go(uqulta:r,uqukma:k): K B D aqlgllk (act@k) A.N. fr. I a$& 'bitter-
uqukrnlg tiin-e 'the night was coming to an ness'. S.i.m.m.l.g., norn~ally retaining this
cntl' 6216: O s m . xlv goge erigmege b u r c u meaning and only occasionally having the
u c u k m l g 'his star had finally reached the metaph. meanings of 1 aqlg and l a q ~ g l r g .
t heaven' TTS 1712.
( h e i ~ h of) Xak. xr a p g i l k af-mamrha 'bitterness' KO?. I
150: x ~ I I ( ? Tef.
) ditto. 65: Xwar. xrv ditto.
(D) i$&n; 'to allow (someone or something Q U I 3;
~ Nahc. 164, 9; 338, 6.
 T R I S . ECG
with it to describe another kmd of demon; in represents 'the four sm~~gupasthdna 'the four
some Dud. texts ye:k corresponds to Sanskrit things on which the mind should concentrate':
yahsa and iqgek to bhlita, 'ghost' and the like. Xak. xr 01 a t t n evke: iqgerdi: 'he brought
Tllrkll v111ff. Man. yekke iqgekke Chuas. (adxala) the horse into the house'; 01 am:
144-5: U y g v111ff. Bu,d. yek iqgek T T V begke: iqgerdi: 'he falsely accused (mojci) him
10, 84; VI 131 ; common in VII, X; in VII to the beg' Kay. I 2 2 7 (iqgeriir, i9germe:k).
1 3 yek isvah$a in 1. 3 and iqgek lrhlita in l. 10;
ye:k 1qge:k vl1rO.r):Civ. yek iqgek 1'7'138. T r i s . ECG
D iiqgil I k n . N./A. fr. iiq; 'triangle, tri- 13 iqe:gii: Den. N. fr. iq with,the Collecti\.e
angular'. Survives in NC Kzx. iigkil 'tri- Suff. -e:gii:, cf. yiize:gii, q.v.; Intestines, en-
angle' and SW xx Anat. liqgiil 'triangular; trails'. S.i.a.m.l.g. in a rather wide range of
trefoil' SDD 1427. Uyg. v111ff. iiqgil Caf. forms, both shorter, iqeg and the like, and
210, quoting two minor texts: Xak. X I iiggil with altered final vowel, e.g. NE iqege. Uyg.
al-lay't~'l-mt;~all~ that is a t l h g which has v111ff. Bud. (when after death) iqi iqeglisi
three sides (orkin) Kq. I 105: KIP. xv in a tegilser 'his internal organs and intestines
list of words of this form, including mupllat, split' U I11 78, 2-3; 0.0. do. 43, 24; T T X
in Trrh. 62a. 3 ff. the text is corrupt, passing 548: xrv Chin.-Uy2. Dict. 'entrails' iqegii
straight from ikigiil to beggiil, but the form R 1 1520; Iigeti 155: Xak. XI iqe:gCi: Lm md
was no doubt liqgiif. tahlil 'alayhi'l-dttlzi' 'a word for what is en-
closed by the ribs' Kas. I 137: Xwar. xrn(?)
D iqkin Hap, leg.; presumably Dcv. N. in 08. (a falcon was eating) iqegusin 'his en-
-in (Intrans.) fr. iqik-. Xak. X I iqkin e r tra~ls41 : Kom. xrv 'entrails' iqeg C C I ; Gr.:
01-raculu'lladi daxala mina'l-'oduww mustas- Klp. xv mu~rcin'intestines' i ~ e g Tuh.
i 33b. 7;
lirna(n) wa d?nanlihrr. 'a man who comes over the word also occurs in 2 3 b 7 where there is
from thc enemy asking for peace and is granted an omission in the MS.; it should read fabib
asylum' Kag. 1108. 'physician' (otaql; lalaq 'bowels') iqegi : O s m .
YIV and xv iqegii 'intestines' in several texts
Dis. V. ECG- T T S II 514; I V 407.
D iqik- Intrans. Den. V. fr. iq; 'to submit D iice:gii: Collective f. of uq; 'all three, three
to an enemy or foreign ruler'. Fairly common together'. S.i.a.m.l.g. except SW usually in
in 'Turkii; not noted after XI. T u r k i i v111 abbreviated form with -g- elided. The forms
(having revolted, they were unable to organize with -1en-/le attached, which appear from
and establish themselves and ) yana: iqikmig Gag. onwards (San. 65r. 26) are Turco-Mong.,
'submitted again' (to the Chinese) I E 10, II the Mong. Collective Sdff. -e'ulen having
E g; seven 0.0.: Uyg. v111 slgarr: b o d u n been substituted for -e:gii:. Tiirkii vtrr
Iqikdl: 'half the people submitted' $U. E 6-7; (the Chinese, Oguz, and KltaB) b u ILqegD:
three 0.0.: Xak. X I e r iqikti: istasbma'l- kavi$(s)ar 'if these three assemble' T 12;
-racttI $'l-hurl, wa da,xala ild'l-krbi'l-cixir uyegii:n k a v i g ~ psiilelim 'let us all three
[d1i'a(n) 'the man asked for peace in a war and nssemble and launch a campaign' T 21:
obediently submitted to the other side' Kag. Uyg. v111 ff. Civ. bu iiqegii and biz iiqegii
I 192 (iqike:r, iqikme:k); eri: atl: iqikt~: is fairly common in USp. in contracts to which
'his men and horses asked us for peace' three persons are parties, e.g. 25, 9: Xak. XI.
(istaslnma ilaynd) II I I 8, 16. KB iiqegii t u r u r tiiz 'all three (legs of a stool)
stand level' 802: Gag. xv ff, iiqegil('with -8-')
D oqiik- Emph. f. of BC-; pec. to Xak. iirunci 'third' (sic, in crror); iiqew +i 'the three
Xak. xr e r t m l : bqiikdi: 'the man's voice of them' Vel. 94; uqew (spelt) rih td 'three
failed (xafat) in battle, and his breathing was together' San. 65r. 25 (quotn.): Xwar. xtrr(?)
interrupted (inqn!a'a nafsuhn) because of a Og. uqegiisi 'the three (persons named) to-
douche of cold water or a heavy blow' Kay. I gether' 337, 338: K o m . XIV 'three together'
192 (oqiike:r, bqiikme:k); same phr. II 118, CLq6v CCG; Cr. :KIP. xv in a list of Collective
15: Kl3 (he went to sleep a little and 'then numerals iiqew Tuh. 6rb. 10.
woke up again) nclikrnig ki5mtir t e g 'like a
dying ember' 3951. D iqiglig Hap. leg.; if correctly read P.N./A.
fr. a N.Ac. of iq-. Uyg. v111 ff. Man. otrii
D iqger-. Trans. Den. V. fr. iq; 'to bring iqigli[g] yaragl seviglig b o l u r 'thereupon it
(something Acc.) into (something Dot.); to becomes fit to drink, palatable, and pleasant'
subdue (an enemy)'; for the second meaning Wind. 250, 42-3.
cf. iqik-. Not noted after XI. Tiirkii VIII
(I campaigned against the Basm~l. . . gap) D iqgerll: Directive f. of iq; properly an Adv.
i c g e r t i m 'I subdued them' II E 25: Uye. v111 of motion 'inwards'; s.i.m.m.l.g., usually as a
[ ~ a p ]iqgerip $U. N 7; an[^: i q l g e r m e d i m N./A. 'the inside, interior', the -g- being
S 4: vrrr ff. Bud. krz bhrlgip kelin iqgerip elided in the S W and devoiced in most other
'giving one another daughters in marriage and languages. Tiirkii v111 ff. Man. irgerii k i r i p
receiving daughters-in-law (from each other's 'entering within (the tomb)' M I 5, 3: Uyg.
families)' T T VI 3 I I ; Sanskrit anugyhniycint vrrr ff. Man. (gap) iqkeru (sic) TT I11 84:
'we will favour, treat graciously' 1:qge:re:lim Bud. b t r u iqger0 k a ~ cBl(i)i(g)ke btilk
V I I I A.41; in 11' 12, 53 t a r t rqgermek b e r d i 'thereupon (going) into (the palace) he
 26 TRIS. ECG
presented a petition to his fathrr the king' PP u q l u g I r l s u l 'a sharp-pointed trident' I'M
15, 4-5; similar phr. 23, 2 ; iggerii ballkka I V 255, 138.
klrgeysiz 'you will cnter the town', 39, 8:
Civ. (in a list of penalties, to the king a old L) iqlig P.N./A. fr. Ic; lit. 'havinp nil inside'.
inpnt. to the princes a silver inzot) iggerii S.i.s. NE, NW, SiY languaaes with various
a g l l ~ k k ab i r y a s t u k iqgeru n g l l l k k a b i r a t extended nieariincs. USB. v111fi. Hud. 01 o k
'to the court (or govcrnfnerlt?) trcasury a k e p iqHg b o l u p 'bcconiinl: prcp~iant that
yorttrk [cl.\..] and a horse' USp. 78, 14-1s: X I V very night' 7'7' VII 26, 16; o.n., same rncan-
Chill.-[ljg. Dict. 'within' iqgcri R 1 1518; ing ,Y 36; 11,Sp. roza. 3.
I.igt-fi 1 5 5 : Gag, s v R. not listed, I)ut in .%711. iqlik A.N. (Conc. N.) fr. iq; survivcs in NI5
96v. 19 tf. iqkerrek nndnr-lirrtnr 'tnorc internal' .L)I.uv. i$tik and S\V Osm. iqlik. X a k . X I
(quotn.); iqkeriki nndnrritri '~ituated inside': iqlik woliynt~l'l-mrc'the stuliing of a saddle'
K o m . srv 'tvithin, among' lqkeri CCI. Gr.: Knj, I 102; iqlik bolsa: a t yagr1:ma:s 'if thc
KIP. s v convco(rr) 'inside' i ~ k e r i T; k n ? . i$eri sndrllc is stufTed, the horse is not jinlled' I
Ttrh. I ra, ro a.0.o.
104, 25.
D iqgeriiliig P.N./:\. fr. iqgerii:; the word D Bqliig (0:clii:g) I'.U./A. fr. i i : ~ ;'spiteful
must have survived until fairly recently as $S. revengeful'. S.i.s. NE, N C , N W languages
47 list$ iqkewilik (wdru error for rd) muycihib with phonctic changcs. L'yg. vrlI ff. Bud.
'a gentleman-in-waiti~lgon the Sultan' (with ocliig (sic) k e k l i g 'malicious and revengeful'
other synonyrnc). Uyk. vIlr ff. Bud. isgerii- T T VIII N.8; n.o. Iiiirn-fr. 2095 (urundr).
lii$ edgii ydmiqig 'the good fruit belonping X a k . X I (after k e k ) hcncc one says liqltig
to the pnlace' PP 72, 7. k e k l i g k i ~ i sd!rihrr'l-11iqd
: zcn'l-p'r 'a spiteful
and malicious man' I < q . 11 283, 14; n.nl.e.
T r i s . V. ECG-
D oqiiktur- IIap. k g , ; Caus. f. of *iiqtik-, VUF a j l a g (unvocalized) Hap. leg. As it
intrans. Dcn. V, fr. 1 6:g. 'I'here is no early comes hetncen ~ l d a gand izdeg and is pre-
record of such a vcrh but it surx-i\.cs, with ceded by L, indicating the second cunsonnnt,
phnnctic ~arintions,in N C 1<1r., I<zx. R I it? general form is certain; no doubt one of the
1306; and Kaz. R I 1873 (Xak.) xtrr(?) numerolls lranian 1:w. in Oguz, sce iiren.
At. iiqiikturme ern1 tilin 'do not arouse OQttz sr njlag nl-?rirb(i' 'chan~eleon' Kaf. I
feelings of revenge (or anger?) in men with 116.
your tongue' 139. Dis. V. ACL-
D iqiik1e:- Hap. leg.; Den. V. fr. iquk. Xak. D aq11- I'ass. f. of 1 aq-; lit. 'to be opened',
s r ol to:nug iqiik1e:di: 'he covered (nlsnqa) with various extcndcd and metaph, meanings.
his garment with the fur (firrro) of sables, S.i.a.m.l.p. Uyg. vrlr ff. Bud. kogfilleri
squirrels and the like' K q . 1. 305 (iqiikle:r, a ~ t 1 d t'their minds were enlightened'(?) TT
iqiik1e:me:k). V I 303; in the Chincsc date formula in Suw.
199, 19 k'ni 'to open, be opencd' (Gilcs 5,794)
1>F iijUk1e:- Den. V. fr. iijiik (ujek). Sur- is tmn:ilated nqllmak: Civ. t e g r i k a p l g t
vives in NE 'I'uv. iijiikle- 'to rrad letter by a p l d l 'the gate of heaven was opencd' TT I
letter' P d . 428. X a k . XI (aftcr iijuk) hence 144; ag11- (of a blnclced ear) 'to he unblocked'
one say- b i t i g iijiik1e:di: Ir~d'l-hrrrtif run'l- H I57.58. 59;(of a sore throat) 'to be relieved'
-kitib'he spelt out the letters and the document' ditto 154: : ~ n .II 11 12, 90: X a k . XI k6:k
m.1 7 1 , 27; n n1.e. ag11d1: irf(itn!m'l-nmr 'the thing opened'
(sic); nlso used when toqnjgn'ati'l-snnrn' 'the
Dis. ACI, skv clcared'; and onc says kogiil aq11d1:
VO1> iiqleq IIap. leg.; Conc. N . fr. iiq with infnrnizn'l-?ndr 'thc heart was gladdened'; also
the rare sullix -leg. T h e arrow presutnably used of anything that is opened I&$. I 193
had a trident-shaped head joined to thc shaft (nqilu:r, n y ~ l m a : k ) ; tiipiirrne:zinqe: a p l -
by an iron collar. X a k . xr iiqleq (lam not mn:s 'unless (thc wind) blows, (the sky) does
vocalized) 'a fc:~therlessarrow (ol-nri'w7(r) used not clear' I 1 71, 14: K B o k t s a nsllgay 'if you
for shooting hsres'; rc:7 hrrrun !ol&n qrt&5dn rend, it will be cxplnined' 358, 927; aqildl
yrt&zmnr rn'sul18 bi-Ilndidn 'it consists of three t a g u k 'gifts wcre presented' 5951 (for meaning
rods joined together with a piece of iron' Ka?. cf. 2 ~ $ 1 8 ) :SIII(?) Tpf. agll- (of the sky) 'to
I 95. clear'; (of n town) 'to be conquered' 65: X I V
Mlrk.(?) ,fufi!tn apt- (cinr) Rif. 130 (nnly):
D a:qltk (a:cllk) A N . fr. 1 a:$; 'hunger, G a g . xv ff. agtl- hugrido gridan 'to be opened'
famine'. S.i.a.ni.1.g. except NI<; in SW Snn. j t r . 14 (quotn.): Xwar. s r v a p 1 - 'to be
(Ogux) languages aclrk ('I'km. a:chk). X a k . opencd' Q~rtb3 ; (of spring) 'to begin' h l N 86:
XI n:qlrk (sic) 01-mncii'n 'extreme h u n ~ e r 'Kaj. K o m . xrv 'tn he opened' aq11- CCG; Gr.:
I 114: K D 2003 (1 n:q): xnr(?) Tpf. a g h k ( I ) Ktp. xrv a q l - (cim) injntnha fd 8 ; R d . 33r.:
'hunger'; (2) ' c o v e t o u ~ n r ~65:
~ ' X w a r . XIV Osrn. xrv K aqll- 'to be explained, disclosed',
a g h k 'hunger' Qrrtb 3 ; Nnhc. 28, 8. etc. TTS I 2 ; 11 4: 1II 2.
D u c l u g (u:clug) P.N.I.4. fr. 1 u:q: 'pointed, 1) ivil- Puss. f. of I s ; 'to- he drunk'. S.i.m.m.1.g.
sharp'. S.i.a.m.1.g. Uyg. vrlrff. Uud. s a v r i Xnk. SI su:v Iqildi: 'the water was drunk'
 T R I S . V. A C h I -
(glrrihn) Kuy. 1 194 (lqilur, iqilrne:k): G a g . revealed hy a single act uf husk in^'. Xak. XI
xv A. iqil- Pass. f. ; lrrigidn j d u n 'to: be drunk' KU (eat any kind of food and drink to satisty
San. g6v. 7. your stomach) k e r e k a r p a y o r t u t t o d u r g u
a q m 'or husk barley and take enough husked
..
D 6qiil- Pass. f. of OF-; 'to be extinguished'.
Iecht~icallyungramm'atical, since OF-, which
barley to satisfy you' 4769.
has thc same meaning and is alcn usrd in I) iqirn N.S.A. fr. i t - ; properly 'a single
Hend. with a l k i n - , is Intrans. and should not drink, or act of driqking', as opposed to iqgii
havc a I'ass., but survives in NI? Tel. u+l- 'drink'; survives in N E T U V . ijirn 'a single
R I 1874 Uyg. v111ff. I h d . (if our sins) hrcw' (of tea, etc.) P d 187 and in S!+.' UyR.
iiqiilmedi a l k m r n a d i e r s e r 'hare not becn v111ff. Bud. (if we have consumed) y b m iclrn
extinguished and wiped out' T l ' I V 20, note 'food and drink' (or 'a meal'?, destined for a
B 42, 1. 10; similar phr. Strv. 164, I 5 . religious community) T T I V 6, 38: Xak. XI
K R ybrn i q i m d i n t a t ~ p ,'sweeter than food
D iqle:- Den. V. fr. iq; 'to 4 n c (a ~ a r n w , t ) ' . and drink' 4402; 0.0. 4769, 6005: X a a r .
Survives only(?) in NI< Har. elsle- H I 869; xlv 1qlm 'drink' Qutb 56: KIP. xv in a
Tuv. I ~ t e Pal.
- 196. Xak. xr 01 to:nug iqle:dl: miscellaneous list of verbs and Dev. N.s
cn'nla li'l-fnwb bi!cittu 'he lined the garmcnt' i q i m i p i Tuli. 84r. 13.
Kaj. 1 2 8 6 (iqle:r, iqle:me:k).
F u j m e : 'mulberry'; the -j- suggests that it
I1 aqlrn- I-Iap. leg.; R c k f. of a p l - and syn. W. is an Iranian LW. Survives only in SE
it. X a k . XI k a p u g aqllndr: 'the door (etc.) Tiirki, u c m a (sic) Shnw 19; ticrne/iijrne
opened' (infataita); an alternatirc form (h&) B$ 795, 800; u c m e Jarring 329; Tar.
of aqll- KO$. I 2 5 6 (aqllnur, aq11nma:k). u j i i m e R I 1907; see ujmelen-,, q,usum;
X a k . XI u j m e : al-trlt 'mulberry', wlth -j-
D iqlen- Refl. f. of iq1e:-; survivcs in NE Kay. I 130.
T u v . igten- ( I ) (of a house, etc.) 'to he occu-
pied'; (2) 'to be pregnant' Pal. 196, and has V U F a j m u k 'nhitc alum'; the -j- suggests
recently been revived, with a different meaning, that it is an Iranian I.-W. Spelling uncertain;
in SW Rep. Turkish. X a k . X I t a r @ lqlendi: in the six occurrences here and in the
in'nqada !tabbntrr'l-zar' 'the grains of the cereal Refl. Den. V. the hamzn is vocalized three
crop swcllcd'; also used of any commodity of times with fatlia and tmrce with kasro and
which the inner parts (wasa!) are eaten when is once unvocalized, while the mim carries
they are mature (mafrjm) Kaj. I 2 5 7 (iqleniir, damnta twice here, and fatha four times in
iqlenme:k). the verb; pec. to Kaj. Xak. XI a j m u k al-
-gabbu'l-abyad 'white alum'. T h e baldness of
D uqlan- Hap. Icg.; Refl. Den. V. fr. 1 u:q. a bald man (qara'u'l-nqru') is described metaph.
X a k . xi u q l a n d ~ :ne:g pfra'l-gay' & aircif 'the with the phr. a j m u k ta:z meaning that his
thing became pointed' Knp. I 256 (uqlanur, head seems to be smeared (mulal?ax) with
uq1anma:k). alum; 'with -j-' Kay. 1 9 9 .
D iiqlen- I-lap. leg.; Rrfl. Dcn. V. fr. uq. SF u q m a k See u g t m a x .
X a k . xi UqIendl: ne:g ~lirn'l-my'a& i&
i 'the (D) i q m e k survives in N E I3ar., Tob. 'woollen,
thing turned into three'; e.g. one says iki: ka:z c r fur-lined gloves' R 1 1523; SE Tiirki
iiqlendi: tn!alla~a'l-battdn 'the two ducks [sic, 'saddle-pad ' Shaw 31. T h e last meaning, cf.
hut read 'geece'] became three' h-aj. I 256 iqlik, suggests a connection with iq; there
(ilqleniir, uq1cnme:k). may also be a connection with iqiik. Xak. XI
D a q l y Co-op. f. of aqll-; n.0.a.h. X a k . i q m e k farwu'l-birqdn 'sheepskin' Kay. I 102:
XI k a p u g l a : r aqllgdl: irzfntn!tati'l-abrarih 'the Gag. xv ff. I q m e k ptistin 'fur-garment' San.
doors opened (together)'; also used of things 96v. 26.
that are locked (nr~rn@nliqa)Kap. I 239 Tris. V. ACM-
(aqhgu:r, aqIigma:k): tag. xv ff. a q ~ l r g -
(spelt) Co-op. f. ; ba-hnm 7 0 6 jndnn wa jik6ftari V U D F a j m u k l a n - Hap. leg.; Refl. Den. V.
run inbiscif kardun 'to be open, to expound, and fr. a j m u k , q.v. Xak. X I ta:z ba91: a j m u k -
to be glad, together' San. 31r. 17. land^: 'the head of the bald man, and his
baldness, was unhealthy' (or unsightly ?,
T r i s . ACL fasnda); and one says yf:r a j m o k l a n d l :
'there was an abundance of alum in the ground
D iqle:p,ii: Ilap. leg.; Conc. N. fr. iq1e:-. (etc.)' Kny. I 313 ( a j r n u k l a n u r , a j m u k -
Uyg. vrirff. Civ. (thc inl-alid) ya:ra:y -1anma:k).
1qla:gu:la:r (sic, in error) uze: igle:mis
(?error for 1qle:mig) tonla:rig k e d m i q D i q m e k l e n - Hap. leg.; Refl. Den. V. fr.
kere:k 'must nearing clothes made (or lined ?) iqmek. X a k . X I e r iqrneklendi: labisa f a m
with serviceahlc linings' T T V111 1.20. bnroqcin 'the man wore sheepskin (clothing)';
also for 'to own sheepskin' Kap. 1 3 1 3 (iqmek-
Dis. ACM. leniir, iqmek1enme:k).
D a p m Hap. leg.; occurs in a rather difficult D F u j m e l e n - Hap. leg.; Refl. Den. V. fr.
passage in K B (see y i k - ) and seems to be a iijme: ; vocalized iij~imlen-no doubt in error,
N.S.A. fr. ay-; it might mean 'the amount since the other words in the section, arpa:lan-,
 T R I S . V. ACR.1-
l
i
etc. are of thc fonn here rrcnnstructcd. X a k . o k ~ $ u r l n r'and quarrel and ~ h n u t at one
X I y ~ k a iijmelendi:
:~ 'the tree had a crop of another' A I 9, 1 0 - 1 I : xiv Chin.-iJj*g. Dict. l
nlulherrics'f~6rn.. .&I trit) &J. I z97(iijmele- 'ins~dc'iqin I t I 1 5 z r : X a k . xr i ~ i an Particle
n i i r , iijmelenme:k). (lrnrf) used to csprrss hayr 'hctwrcn'; m e says !

Dis. A C N
o l a : r iyin f:tl.ylile:r tnp&~lrri f i nrZ bny-
tmhum 'they rcachcd a n~rltunlundrr~tnnding'
i
I
F a:ju:n the S r ~ ~ d i alvord n "zzot (cijrirr) 'life, KO$.I 76: K11 y n r a y k t a t l u l a r k a r q t r iqin
living being'. and the likc, uscd as a Iluddhist 'the harmonious nntural elrnlents in rnnn were
irl mutual conllict' 105.3: Gag. s v ff. $$in s r a
1
technical term to mean 'state of existence; one
of a srricc of lives in thc proccss of hirth, ('\vith -c-') dnr ctvl! rcn rlnr nriynno 'in the i
death, re-incarnation'; was also uscd as a I.-W. middle, betwcen' Snn. 00v. 28 (quotns.): O s m . 1
with the same meaning in Turkish Bud. and xrv to xvr (only) iqin 'within, betrvcen them-
hlan. texts. On the adoption of Islam it came selves, secrctly' in scveral texts 7'7's I 364;
to bc U T C ~ as a translation of Ar. ol-dtr~zyi II 515; 1 1 1 3 1 4 ; I V 4 o 8 .
'(this) world', as opposed to nl-iXviro 'the next
world', when drrttjci was not itself used as a
1) u p : n Pres. I'articip. (in \Vestcrn fnrm, for 1
uqga:n,) of uq- used ac a Noun, 'sailing ship,
1.-W. Survived in Ca& until about s v and, o r b o a t . Delinitions of size vary; n.o.n.h.; cf. , i
although not traceahle in Old .Osm., has k a y g r k , kemi:. @R s v ff.(?) u q a n (spelt) I
recmtlv hecn adopted in Rep. I'urlcish as knyti-yi l~rrzrrrg'a large ship'. just as a nlediunl
a c u n 1;nder the false belirf that it was a real
sized (n1rito7cossi~)ship is callcd k P m e and a
Turkish word suitahle to takc the place of small (kririk) one k a y l k Son. 65r. 24 (prob. !
hmrd. UyR. v111ff. Xlan. k u z i i n u r a j u n t a
an K V I I I word, not Classical r a g . ) : KIP. XI
'in ihcir prewnt life' T T 11 16, 28; beg a j u n u p : n krdl snjino &?t c n r r 4 n ~ ' n'any ship with
'the fiw forms of cxistmcc' T T III I , 3 I , 47, two sails' Knj. I 122: xrv u q a n nl-snfinotti'l-
etc.: I h d . kiiziinur a j u n d a SW. 474. 20; -;ngiro 'a small ship' fd. 9; HII/. 4, 14: xv
be$ njun 17' I V 6, 20; 12, 33, and 38; b i r rofino ( k e m e ) rca'l-soiira u c a n Trrh. 19a. 7
o t u z k n t m a j u n l a r d a 'in the twenty-one
(cim everywhere).
layers of worlds' Tif. 47b. 8; o g r e a j u n d a k l
k111nq 'deeds performed during a previous u q u n one of the f r ~ u rprimeval Turkish Post-
incarnation' T T V I I I F.15; and many 0.0.; positions (see K. Cronbech, Der tiirkische
in TT V I I I spelt o:j~n/o:~un/a:stm. Xak.xr Sprachbau, Kopenhagcn, 1936, p. 35),and one
(described in the main entry as 'Cigil' but of the two never used as an Adv. After a noun
common in Xak. quotns.) a j u n ol-drmn~d; 'because of. for the sake of, for'; after a verb
her~cebu: a j u n nl-drrltyo; 01 a j u n 01-Zxira; usually 'because', less often 'in order to'. T h e
a Cigil word. 'with -j-' Koy. I 77; 16 o.o., form of the verb to which it is attached varies,
usually translated ol-drinyi, but sometinles in even within the same text, apparently without
verses, e . ~ I. 160, 5 ; 407, 27; 420, 6 al-zatndn affecting the meaning, see v. 'G. A T G , para.
'time' (as the enemy of man): KB a j u n 'this 7 0 1 . C.i.a.p.a.l., cnnsistcntly as ii$lin and the
world' ic colmuon. 63 (e:t-) 81, 125, 231, like; Yakirt i s i n , I'ck. 967 and Osrn. iqiin/lqin
1044, ctc.: XIII(?) Tcf. b u a j u n / a c u n 'this (from about xvr ?) he in^ comparatively recent
world' 40, 66: At. a j u n '(this) world' is eom- aberrations. T i i r k u v111 tegri: y a r l ~ k a d u k
mon: ulv Rh2. b~ a j u n Z I I 526: k h h . ol- iiqii:n o z i m k u t l m b a r iiqu:n 'because
- h n y i i- called aju:n in 'Turkistan and scum heavcn so decreed, and because I myself en-
in 'our country' ilfrl. 7, 13; Iiij. 79; 01-drrnlyd joyrd thc favour of heaven' I S g, II N 7 ;
aju:n ++, 1 3 ; 137 (followed h y bu: aju:n, 01 ant: u p : " 'hccause of that' I E . 3 ; begleri:
nju:n): G a g . sv ff. acirn ('with -C-') 01-1funyZ bocjuni: tiizsiz iiqii:n 'because their begs and
Vel. 9 (quotns. fr. Llrtfi and M i r Ilaydnr, common people were undisciplined' I E 6 ;
adding that in the RISS., esp. I I Ltrlji, ~ it is I Z E 6 ; and many 0.0. in I , II, T., Ongin, and
usually spelt o c u n ) ; o c u n rlrrn~d~ c n'dim Ix., mostly with vcrhal forms in - a u k / - a u k ,
('world') Son. 65v. 29 (quntn. Arir lfaydar, and alwavs 'because (of)'; v m ff fsi:g S a g u : n
followcd in t h r same para. by iiqiin, with ite:qiik u@:n biti:dim 'I wrote (this) for Isig
quotn.). A s Nnmi'i is not quotetl, the word was Saqun (and?) I t e ~ i i k ' I r k B Colophon: Yen.
prohnhly ohsnletc in his time): X w a r . xrv e r d e m i m iiqiin 'hccause of m y manly quali-
s j u n ('this) norld' (and ajunlrig 'belonging to ties' hlal. 29, 6 ; a.o.o.: R h . n e uqiin 'why?'
this world') Qutb 18; a c u n AiIhT 34 etc. (not .If 111 6, 7 (i): Uya. v111ff. Man. a n t iiqun
in Nnhc.). 'therefore' T T I1 6, 7 ; k u s e y i i r e r t i b i r k e r i i
lvrn I-lap. Icg.; 'torch'; ?Chincsc \.-\v.; cf. (read b i r g e r u ) k u n t [ e m ] e k t~ s i z n i k o r g u
yula:. Uyg. v111ff. n u d . Ikilcyii t r l m d u r m l g uq[iin] 'because they unanimously wished to
e r d i bilge biliglig l q l n ~ g'he has kindled see you daily(?) a11d continuously' TT I11 96:
again the torch of wisdom' Hiirn-ts. 1908-9. Bud. iiqiin is very common, e.g. n e i i c u n PP
4. 5 ; o g l ~ i i q u n 'for the sakc of his son' PP 8,
D iqin Instr. of iq used as an Adv.; 'inside, 5.0.0. T T V 24, 69 ( t u r g u r - ) and 70(oc)Eur-)
nil~tually', and later 'secrctly'. Survives in &c : Civ. iig b i t i g y o k b o l t m g iiqiin 'hccause
N E 'h\' . 187; h'C Kzx. M n l 41s and the original document has disappeared' IJSp.
P'II.
became ohsolete in SW Osm. only recently, 5 . 3 ; terni$ ii$iin 'because they said' 21, 5 ;
sec Hrd. z ~ r Uya.. v111ff. Man.-A (they curse a.0.0.: 0. K l r . rx ff. e r e r d e m i m u r i i n 'he-
~ l n datncse orte anotllrr) t a k ~iqin y o n t u v u must of I I nl:~nly ~ qualities' illnl. r r , 9 ; 24,
 ACR
5 rtc.; n.o.o.: X a k . X I iiqiin a 1':trticlt: (/rnrf) housrr and property' (r)f kinps, h q ' s and
k d to exprrcs ncl '(for) the sake (of)'; on? notat)les) Wind. 32-3: 1 h 1 . (the ox-herd took
says s e n i g iiqiin k e l d l r n ' I came for your hitn to his Iiouse and) a q ~ n d r'tended him, o r
sake' (li-oclik) Knj. I 76: K R u r n r n a t iiqiin made him comfortable'; (he entnrrted him
'fvr the sake of the people' 40; y a g l u k iiqiin to those in the house, saying) a r t u k e d g i i
'because of error' 197; u k u $ b i d e kllrnr$ a q r n l g l a r 'tend him very well'; b i r a y a r t u k
iiqiin 'bccause he had acted with under- a q r n d l 'he tended him for more than a month'
standing' 304; and many o . o . : xrrr(?) Tpf. PP 67, 6-68, 2 ; l s l g oziigde a r t u k r a k
iiqiir~ 'for the sake of, because of' 342: a p u kiiyii kozedii t u t d u g 'you ha!-e kept
At. IXid f s p a l l s ~ l l r B e g iiqiin 'for DHd him tending and watching over him more
IspahsilBr Heg' 69: G a g . xv ff. (after o c u n , carefully than your own I~fe'ZJ IV 36, 81-3;
see a:ju:n) iiqiin knlinra-i fa'lil, 'a particle of o k u n u r r n e n biliniirrnen aqrnurrnen ya-
cause', that is o z birGy-i dn 'hecause of that'; d i n u r r n c n ' I repent, admit, disclose, and
also pronounced i q u n San. 66r. I : X w a r . publish' (all my misdeeds) Suv. 137, 23: Civ.
x l ~ r ( ? )Og. a n u g iiqiin 'dierefore' 200-1; [gap] s u v r n aqrnrnrg k e r e k 'you must treat
a.o.0.; xlv iiqiin 'hccausc of', etc. $'ltrtb 202: . . . with water' li 1125, 65: X a k . xr b e g e r i n
h l N 260, etc.: K o r n . srv 'because of, for the aqrndr: al-amir akranra wa nanama cundahtc
sake of' iiqun C C I , C C G ; Gr. 269 (quotns.): 'the h q showed regard and granted favours to
Krp. xlrr li-acl tiqiin Ilorc. 54, zo (with several his army (etc.); and one says e r a t i n aqrndl:
examples): X I V iiqiin (cim) acl fd. 9 ; But. 15, 7 nirsana'l-racrrl li-farasihi qodirn wa 'alaf 'the
(0:qii:n): xv p ' n 'sake' uqiin Trth. z r a . I I ; man gave his horse barley and fodder'; and
'nlrinratu'l-acl 'mark of sake' iiqiin 89b. 13; one says e r ko:ym aqlndl: 'the man pre-
li-acl iiqiin Kav. 33, 10. tended to open (yafta?~)his bosom'; also used
of a sick man o r a child in the cradle when he
L) tiqiinq Ordinal f. of iiq; 'third'. T h e only throws r b f f his hed-clothes (kafafa 'an dipirihi)
form u p to K q . inclusive; iiqiinqi which Ka?. I 199 (aqlnu:r, aq1nrna:k): K B ayrn-
s.i.a.m.l. except one or two in NE, with minor occurs ( I ) without an Object, e.g. (may these
phonetic variations, t i n t appears in KD and my good qualities be useful to the king)
then only metrigrotia. T i i r k u vrrr u q u n q I E a q l n s u n 'may he show favour' (and may my
33; 1 N 6 : vrrr ff. iiyii:nq IrRB 5 and 1 5 : pains disappear) 468; (2) governing the Acc.,
U y g . v111ff. iiqiing Man.-A M III 12, 4 (ii); e.g. t a p u g s u z a g l r l a p a y m d r m sCni 'al-
M a n . TT If 6, 28: Bud. PP 17, 6 ; Suo. 199, though you were undutiful I honoured you
12: Civ. common in II II and USp.: X a k X I . and showed favour to you' 646.
iiciinq nl-!dij fi'l-'adad 'third' KO?. I I 3 I ;
111 448: KB iiqiinqi 133, 789: ~ I I I ( ?At. ) ?E rqan- this word is read four times in TT I,
iiqiinq 33: xrv Muh. nl-&?lit ii:qunqi: (citn's) but nowhere else, and translated 'to avoid,
Mel. 82, 8 ; Rif. 187: G a g . xv ff. tiqiinc take care'. T h e text is, however, very badly
iiciinci Vel. 94; iiqiinc (so spelt) siyyrt?n; written, and it may well be a misreading of
iiqtinci si~.yrtininSan. 66r. 3: X w a r . xrrr(?) m a n - 'to trust, rely on'; if not, it is perhaps an
0 2 iiqilnqiisiike 'to the third of them' B R : earlier form of igen-, same meaning. Uyfi.
xrv tiqtinq Qurh 202: Korn. xrv u q i i n ~ iC C I , vrlr ff. Civ. (there is a deceitful official in the
C C G ; G'r.: Krp. xrv iiqiinqi (cim's) fd. 8: realm; h e impedes your effort?) 6 r k l kigf-
xv, ditto Tuh. 6 r h . 2 ; u g i n c i Kav. 67, 13. l e r k e r q a n g r I ( ? ~ n a n f i r l )e d r e r n l i g kigilerfg
a y a g l l 'rely on(?) highly placed people, and
Dis. V. ACN- honour virtuous people' T T 1 65; in 196-7
and 214-15 the word is in coordination with
D a q m - Preliminary note. I n the early period s a k l a n - 'to protect oneself' instead of aya:-;
the Refl. f.'s of 1 a q - and ap:- would have a.0. 207.
been homophonous, a n d it is diflcult to decide T r i s . ACN
which form the early occurrences represent, but
on balance they 011 scent to represent the former.
DF a:ju:nql: N.Ag. fr. a:ju:n; n.0.a.b. Xak.
XI KB a j u n p k a e r d e m k e r e k m i g tiirnen
Ifso the earliest occnrrenceof the latterisina side- anm t u t s a elgiin k e t e r s e t u r n a n 'a world
note (prob. in a S R r h a n d ) to Krp. X V ta'allarna ruler must have countless good qualities, he
'to feelpain' a w u r u n - ( f o r a@n-) T u h . gb, 4 must hold the realm by them and disperse the
with a c m - in the margin. On the other hand, a t fog' 285; (if you desire a kingdom, be cautious,
the present day the only survival of the ReJl. f. oh) a j u n q ~kiqi 446: x ~ v Aluh. s$ilru'l-dunyd
of 1 a q - reems to be NE Sag., $or a d i n - (sic) 'lord of the world' aju:nqi: MeI. 50. 4 (mis-
'to open the mouth'; a c m - (rcqifh a wide range of vocalized ojurn~r:); Rij. 14s.
phonetic variations) 'to feel pain, grief, anger, or Dis. ACR
compassion; to grudge; to be pitied', etc.. which
s.i.a.m.1 g., IS clrarly the Refl. f. of act:-. 11 u q a r Aor. Particip. of u p used as a N./A.;
survives in NE, SE, and S W usually for'a bird
D a q r n - HeR. f. of 1 n q - ; the meaning in some on the wing' but in N E Tel. R 1 723; T u v .
of the passages below is linked with those of I'al. 418 only for 'waterfall' and in S\V xx
2 a q ~ &2 , a q ~ g l r gand, partly, aqrl-. U y g . Anat. SUU 141 I with this additional meaning.
vrrr ff.Man. e v i n b a r k r n aqrniglr [ k u l a i g l i X a k . xr K B (if he praises a horse) y i i g r i i r
kigi $people who look after and tend the u q a r ~ gy e t e r 'it gallops and overtakes a bird
 ACR
potinn' 1 4 7 . 1 0 ; o.lr. 1 1 5 7 , 10; 218 ( i q t u r - ) : 'the n
X I I ( ? )KIf17i' (God never 1e:tves mankir~d 1529
hungry) y e t u r i i r i q u r i i r 'he gives them food
and drink' 5 : XI\. hlrrh. snqd'l-mii' s u : 1:qLLr- D 05
re: iq with SufT -re:; used both ar 8111 ATel, 27, 6 (I(!/. t a r t - ) : (h& xv fi. iqitr- Xak.
,\vithin, incirle' :mrl nc n !'ostpnstt:rm ( ' \ v ~ t h -v-') < ' ~ ! I Y f : ltfi$,i~~i,/<r~t' t , ~give to ilqril!
?ring both motion ~ n t nmrd re.;! \ \ i t h ~ n drink' Sun. gf)r. zr : X w n r . S I I I If. iqiir- ditto with':
:thing). Survive.; only(?) in SIC and S\V. 'AI; 2 j : X I V iqir-/iqiir- dittn Qulh 56: K o m . used
rii vlrt iqre: a $ s l z t a v m : t u n s l z 'with X I V iqir- ditto (:(:(:; (;I. rog (quotn.): KIP. fire' 1
~ o din their s!omachs and 110 clothcq nn ~ I I osqn
I iqir- Ilott. .l), h: X I V ditto Id 8 : xv
hacks' I E z 0 , 11 E 21 ; Apn: T n r x n n - ditto. Trrh. 54L. 1 0 (rinr, everywhere); nsqi
: iqre: s n v ~ d m i $ 'he sent word i : ~ i r -KOV.69, 2.
tly to Apa 'I'arxan' T 34: v ~ ~ ~ f f . . ( t h e (F) R(
; arm!. went out hunting) snR1:r lqre: L) u q u r - Caus. f. of u q - ; 'tu ~ m l t e ,o r let (a
keyi:k k i r m i ~ :'rnedecr and antelopes bird etc.) Ily', with sorne metaph. extensions. I) U:(
et1 the ring of bcaters' I r k 8 63: RIan. S.i.a.rn.l.g. U y g . v111ff. I h d . Sanskrit vcihn- ' The 5
r g a n iqre 'inside the sfripn' 111 I 6. 3 ; mina (read vdrnjnmat~n)'driving, propelling.' be CO
a r u k o r d u i q r e o l u r u & n a Clrrrns. 1 4 - and the like u q u : r u 7'T I'III A.32: X a k . XI word
1q.k. vrrr icre: b e n bulgay1:n ' l will stir 01 ILLISu q u r d ~ rrtrirrr'l-foyr : 'he made the bird iikii:r
ternal troublr' s u . S 4: X a k . , s ~n.tn.c., fly'; and one says 01 a m : a t t m uqurdt: 'he kork
nine occurrcrlces as pO4tpn%ltlOn, e.g. made him fall (nsyntcllrrr) off his horse' (ctc.) yok I
iqre: 'in the cooking pot' I 223, 2 5 : K O Kng. I 1 7 6 ( u q u r u r , u q u r n ~ a : l c ) ;a.o.o. I 156. from
a k i c r e 'in paradise' 3522 ( w i n ) : X I I ( ? ) 16 etc.: K H 5379 ( u p ' ) : X I I I ( ? )TPJ U p r - unluc
'p b u I h g r a S n n 01 w a q t l i s r e 'in 'to make (dust) tiy' 334: V a g . xv fi. u q u r - (have
ime of this IZu+a S a n ' 23: X I I I ( ? )?'P/. ( - d ~ etc.)
, nt-, pnrtrih et- 'to throw'; 'to throw enjoy
Iln 'from insidr'; i q r e Postposition 1.27: something light t o the wi~irls' VPI. 95-6 L) Bci
iqre Postposition 8, 122, 486: X W ~ . (quotns.); u q u r - ('with -C-') Caus. f. of u q - ; and tl
q r e 'in, w t h i n ' Prrth 56; AliV 15, etc.; prirdnidm 'to cnusr to H?'; ntrrxlolic s t x t o ~ r'to hrack
. 360, 13: O s m . s t v i q r c Postpoqition cause to qui\-er o r twitch'; nin'diitn knrdn~r'to times
le& often 'into'; c.i.a.p. T7:Y I 364; II destroy' Snu. 63v. 5 (quotns): O s n l . xv E. Bus.
III 355; I v 409. u p r - occurs with various meanings TTS I. Turk
712; II 918; I v 774. ulup
r u g N.Ac. fr. u q u r - ; 'causing to fly' l\-ith
?h. extensions. I'ec. to Uyg. Uyg. V111 f f . U iiqiir- Caus. f. of liq-: 'to extinguish' (a Iuk)
t u g u q r u a tijpv t n r t ~ g d au l a t l Btig fire, etc.), with some metaph. extensions. blank
? k l e r iizc 'with ornaments and adorn- S.i.a.m.l.g. UyR. v111ff. Bud. o t iiquri(?) 'ex-
s(?) such 3s flying flags, hnir ribhnr~sand tinguishing a fire' U I1 Q, 4 ; a ~ z v a n ~ l a r l g an U
ke' U II 40, 107-8; (the I3uddha who is) ... ociiriip 'supprcnsing the pasions' TT I V 19; il
~ q r u g l n r15l(l)igi 'the Icing of pcrfwne 12, 5 6 7 ; 0.0. T T V I I .to, 71 (to extinguish 1) iq
,rings' U II 57, I (ii); 3.0. S I W .490, 23. debts); Srro. 96, zz ('to wipe out the evil dceds wit hi^
of others'): Civ. iiviirgiiliik in a damaged the ra
i r e r t lap. ICE.; 'three each'. proh. only a passage 3 I II 29, 172: Xnlr. X I 01 o t u g
11 error for iiqer the regular I~istributive oqiirdi: 'he extinguish~d (nf/n'a) the fire'; iqrek
of iiq, of which there is no early occur- an10 o p k e : s i n o q u r d i : he calmed (nsknna) his 2, II
, hut possiblv a loneer form pnrallrl to bediz
anper'; and one says o l nul: u r u p tr:nl:
r . Uyg. v111fr. Civ. Ciqrer 'three w c h ' iiqiirdi: 'he hcnt hiln until llc retluccd him to
paintc
32, 16. xan i
silence' (nrkntn ?m'~~totnlrrr)KO?. I 176 chanll
Dis. V. A C R - (Kqiiritr, 6 q i i r m e : k ) ; 3.n. I 5.22, 4: K B b u reki I
e r l i k o t m i i ~ i i r m e kiiqiin 'in order to sup-
p m - (n:cur-) C:IIIS. f . of 2 n:q-; pcc. to press this ~ n a n l yardour' 3608 (and see 3609): UY~
ilf I
, later repli~cedby a c l k t u r - first noted
,In. 32r. 2s. X a k . xr 01 ant: a:qurdt:
sru(?) nf. oqiir- 'to extinguish' (a fire) 252: orunl
At. 01 o t n l oqiir 340: X I V Rbg'. bu o t n l holde
nhtr 'he starred him' K n ~ I. 2 6 8 (a:qurur, oqiiriig R I 1287: G a g . xvff. s q i i r - (-se,
-ma:k); b u a $ 01 kigi:ni: aqur8a:n Stun
etc.) s6yiindiir- 'to extinguish' Vel. 95-6 Ipek
food is quickly digested and quickly (quotns.); oqiir- ('with - p ' ) Caus. f. of. 6p,
s a man huncrv again' (snri'rr'f-ha& tun trzuntofi' scixtnn 'to extinguish' San. 63v. 7 (b M
'l- ica'n) I r;b, 18; q r u p o z u g 'starving (quotns.)
.elf' 11168, 2.
D iqriiq- IIap. leg.; Co-op. f. of iqiir-. X a k .
iir- C a w . f. of i q - ; 'to give (somcone X I 01 m a g a : s u : ~iqriivdi: 'he helped m e to D uc
somethinr. Acc.) to drink', with some give water t o drink' (fi sarpi'l-m3); also used Xak.
ded meanings. S.i.a.m.l.g., cf. i q t u r - . for 'to compete' Kni. I 233 (lqriiqti:r, the t
, V I I I ff. Civ. t1kta:k y a : g i q i i r r n i ~ iqrii9me:k). upr!
:k 'you must give him hitter oil to drink' ~f7m)
17/11 1 24 (t1kta:k is a Sc~nskritI.-\\..): D u q r u y Co-op. f. of u q u r - ; pec. to KO$.
X I 01 nrJnr su:v iqiirdi: nfrnbnhrr'l-niri' X a k . XI 01 m n g n : k u g u q r u g d ~ :'he helped
nvc him wntcr (etc.) to drink' ICrri. I 177 m e to make the bird Hy' ('OM if6rali'/-ta3,r);
u r , iqiirme:k): K:lii:m o:tm iqG:rdu:m also used for 'to cnmprte' Kas. 1 2 3 3 ( u q r u - D a:$
'I mnde him drink (nrqnj,t~rhrr)n deadly $u:r, u q r u ~ t t 1 o : k ) ; r r k c k tl.$i: uqru$u:r 1'1. *R
~ I n c~ i t lfcnialc (birds) rii:~tc'(j~rltnzrir~nc) W I I (if once you are satisfied) a : q s ~ k6mezsen
, 4 ; 111 178, 16. 'you do not remember having been hungry'
I S 8.11 N 6.
:riig- Hap. k g . ; Co-op. f. of iiqiir-.
X I 01 a n l g oplce:sin m e n i g blrle: D uqsuz (u:csuz) I'riv. N./A. fr. 1 U:* ' h a k g
~ d l :'hc hclprd (shotild he 'c~nipcted n o tip, point, houndarie~', and the like. Sur-
1 me to calm (fi taskin) his a n ~ c r ' ;also vives in N W Kar. T., Kax. H I 1330, 1732
for 'to help in cxtinguich~na(fi iffci') a and SW Osm. IJy!. v111ff. Dud. u p u z
bf.I 233 (iiqriigii:r, 6qrugmc:k). kldt&iz tilgustiz h(nmdless (Ilcnd.) and
immeasurable' (merits and good deeds) S u v .
T r i s . ACR j84, IZ.
Dis. V. ACS-
;ru:glu:g lisp. Icg.; l J . ~ . / Afr. . dgrug. 1) aqsa:- Hap, leg.; Dcsid. f. of 1 a$-. Xak.
,vhole paragraph is \ r r y cryptic and may- X I e r k a p u g aqsa:cll: 'the man wished to
rrupt, but even if a t l l g is inserted, the open (yaftnh) the door'; also for opening any-
has no obvious meaning. Tiirkii v111tf. thing else Kay. I 276 (aqsa:r, aqsa:ma:k).
; a t h g o g r i i n g u : ~ yok kovl: a t h g L> iqse:- Hap. k g . ; Ijesid. f. of iq-. Xak. xr
inqcg yok urpu:glu:g(atllg) kutu:g 01 s u : ~i$se:di: 'he wished to drink (jurb)
if you have many titles you gct no pleasure water (etc.)' Kaj. I 276 (iqse:~,i7se:me:k).
them; if you h a i r 3 reputatioii for being
ky, you have no (rcason to) fear; if you
a reputation for being) . . . you do not Dis. AC$
the favour of heaven' I r k n 36. I1 oqeg (oceg) Dev. N. in -g, connoting mutual
irgii: N.I. fr. iiqur-; lit. 'an emtinguisher' (action' fr. 2 *i)$e:-; 'bet, wager'. Survives only
? ) in SW xx Anat. ace9 'the wish-bone of a
he like, but actually 'horse blanket, sha- fowl' (often used for betting). The homo-
'. Survives in one form or another, sonie- phonous word i i ~ e g ,derived fr. 1 o : ~ is , not
with initial 1- in NE (including Khak. recorded in earlier times, but survives, in one
z57), S11 and NC R 1 8 6 9 , 1517, 1876. form or another in NE, SE, NC, S C meaning
.U v111tf. toku:z k a t o$iirgU:g topu: 'feud, quarrel'. Xak. XI Seeg al-muxdtora 'a
(sic, obviously corrupt, ?read top1agu:- bet, wager' KO?. 1 6 1 .
anqa: teritzii:n 'pile(?) nine layers of
ets on it and so make it sweat' IrkB 50:
xv ff. oqergii (so spelt) takaitzi-j'i zirin Dis. V. AC$-
nder horsecluth or shabrack' San. 65r. D 1 a q q - Co-op. f. of 1 aq-; survives in N E
;irgii (SOspelt) do. 96x9. 17. Khak. Bas. 37 and SE Turki SItaw 3. Xak. XI
01 maga: k a p u g apgdl: 'he helped me to
re:kl: N.!A.S. Cr. iqre:; lit. 'situated open (fi fath) the door'; also for 'to compete'
l', but sometimes metaph. 'belonging to Kar. I 180 ( a g l y x r , aq1gma:k).
3yal court'. N.o.a.b. Turlcil v111 anta:
1: bodun 'the people living therein' I S 11 2 aqlg- ( ?a c q ) Co-op. f. of aql- and almost
' N Z; T a v g a c x a g a n ( n ) q iqreki: synonymous with it in its literal and metaph.
:q!g 'the Chinese Ilrnperur's court meanings except that this word tends to con-
:r I S 12, I1 N 14: v111 ff. I'm Kora: note plural or group, rather than individual,
gregi: (sic) ben 'I was Kara ?(an's court action. Survives in NE Khak. Bas. 37; SE
bcrlain(?)' Mal. 37, I ; Man. k6giil Q - l'iirki Show 3 ; Tar. R I 1511; S W Osm.,
(gap) 'in the mind' M III 19, 11 (ii): etc. Xak. X I in a note on the use of the Suff.
v111ff. Man.-A igreki a z 'internal lust' -g- to connote simultaneous action by mem-
17, 8: Dud. (in u list of names) iqrekt bers of a group and the like, sirke: aqlgd~:
p l a r 'the court officials' (lit. 'place- hamada'l-xall ba'duhufi ba'd 'the whole of the
m') Pfalil. ~ 3 . 2 4 Xek.xrrr(?)
: Tef. i$reki vinegar was (or became) sour' Kay. I 181, 16;
ted in' 127: 0. Ktr. rx ff. Kuq Klyagan n.m.e. Gag. xv E. a c q - s~izncikp d a n z0.m rna
1: K i i ~Kuyagan the court chamberlain' cir+ai ki bd xririj bdjad 'to ache, of a sore or
al. 4 (a balbal); similar name I I , I . wound which irritdtes' San. 31 v. 6 (quotns.).
D iqig- Co-op. f. of i p ; 'to drink together',
T r i s . V. ACR- etc. Survives in NE Khak. Bar. 66, 69 and
ursa:- Dcsid. I.of uqur-; pec. to Ray. SW Osm., Tkm. Xak. X I 01 m e n i g blrle:
X I 01 kug uqursa:d~:'he wished to make 8u:t i ~ i q d i :'he competed with me in drinking
~ i r d fly' K q . I 280, zo: a g l r u:nl: (fi prb) milk'; also used for 'to help' Kay. I
s a : d ~ m'I wished to drive away (ista- 181 (iqiqIL:r, 1qigme:k); to:n terni: iqigdi:
heavy sleep' I11 247. 23; n.111.e. 'the garment (completely) absorbed (najafa)
the sweat' I 181, 18: Gag. xv ff. iqig- Co-op.
f.; hd-ham niifidan 'to drink together' San. 96v.
IHs. ACS 6: Kom. X I V iqig- 'to help (someone) to drink'
;slk ( a : c s ~ k )Ifap. leg.; proh. Uev. N. C C C ; Gr.: O s m . xrv iqig- 'to have a drinking
I : ~ I : - Sinitilalivc f . of 2 rr:q-. l'lirkti competition' TTS I1 516.
 D oqeq- I'relimin:~rynrrte.~'17trrccrrr lrcn wrbr rcspcct' 1'1' 29, 4 ; a y a k s l z t o t u q u z 'un-
1
I
nf ~lrirfnrnt, !he Xr>cip.J s oJ 1 nnd 2 iiqe:- worthy ofhrmirtlrrv rmprct' 0 I 1 77, rg;86,3f1;
r e s p r c l i r . ~ ~T.h ~ j i r s tsrrnrs to r.i.n.nr.1.~.r,rcept t o t u p z (of 'rvords') 11 I l' 8, 3 r -2; 01 o g l a n
ijgin e m g e t m c d i n u q u z t u g g a y 'that boy
N W and S I Y a n d t l t p second only in S W , but it is will be horn cacily without causing pain to his
not nlrcn~rrosy to rieci(1r zchich r w h is cuncr,-ncd rimrher' 7'1' V1 278; similar phi- 1/11 27, t o
sittrr snch tnr,nrritrgs os 'to rcroyplp, n r ~ r r might ~' nlid 13: X a k . X I uquz ne:g '11 rhc:tp (rosif)
come frurn eit!~rr. thing'; and anyone 'haw and despicable'
(01-&lilir'l-rntrh,i,r) I S called U ~ I ZI i o f . I 54:
U 1 o$e$- (oceq-) Recip. f. of 1 iip?:- ; 'to be K n b u t i i r t n e g u q u z t l s t m a 'do not r e p r d
hostile to one another' and t h r like. T i l r k i i
these four things (lire, an enenly, ~lliiess.
vllr tf. Rlan. y a r u k k u n l e r t i i u e r i g t u n l e r k e and \\.iudr,rn) as r~~iinlpvrt:~nt' 308; o.o. 540,
u t r u n g a l l oqeqgeli t u r d t l a r 'the bright days 001, 124.<, 1603, 6452: X I I I ( ? 7'cj ) U$UZ(?)
arose to resist and fight with the dark nights' 'rfcspisecl' 334: At. U ~ ~ 'cheap' I Z 480: S I V 111-
AI III I y , 9 (i): U y g . v111ff. Rlan. n ~ z v a n t l a r -msir u:qu:z (rim) nlcl. 55, 1 2 ; I<$ 153:
b i r l e s i i g i i ~ m e ko q e g m e k 'to light ([lend.) Gag. s v fr. u c u z a r x i n 'cheap' Son. 65v. 14.
with the passions' 1l.f I I I 12, 13-14 (ii): X a k . X w a r . s l r t u q u z 'chcap' 'Ali qq (once u q s u z ) :
X I K B ogegme b u b e g l e r bile 'do not enter
X I V ditto Q11rb 1 0 5 : K o m . 'worthless' u q u z
into conHict with these begs' 4086; o q e g m e b u C C I ; Gr.: KIP. x t ~ ra l - r a s i ~u ~ u (cinr)z Hou.
d a w l a t bile s e n y a r n + 'do nut enter into 27, 2: xtv tlittu Id, 9; up12 b o l - mxtcyo wa
conflict with fortune, come to terms with it' snltrrln 'to he, become chcap, o r easy' ditto;
4299: Cai(. sv ff. oceg- ('with -C-', spelt and (under C - z ) p z bol- (cinr) hinn 'to h c c o ~ n e
conjug;lted as crcng-) kgtcir rco nrrl'cirnda Itardon; easy; to become cuntctnptible, base' 43: xv
the latter means 'to oppnse, resist'; kcimi? h. raxis u g u z (sic) Tiilr. 17a. 9 : O s t n . X I V U C U Z
means 'to dig, investiyate' and is not appro- t u t - 'to despise' T T S I 710.
priate; it may he a translation of Ar. bahj;
in Pe. bnlrt kardmr rneans 'to argue, wrangle, T r i s . ACZ
wager' n i i c h looks more like 2 oqeS- San.
64r. 23 (quotns.; the mis-spelling sug- D u q u z l u k ( u c u z l u k ) A.N. fr. u q u z and sur-
gests that the author was not really familiar viving in the same languages; 'cheapness,
with the word): KIP. x ~ vkcibnra 'to treat disrespect', and the like. X a k . X I u p z l u k
scornfully, try to overcome' i&- (sic, with ~ I - r r r . r pfi'l-ns'ir 'cheapness of price'; u p ~ z l u k
cirn; perhaps an error for 6qeq-) Utrl. 78r. 01-nmdolla ulo'l-p&r 'vileness, worthlessness'
Ir'of. I 149: K B (do not go near a brg when he
D 2 oqeg- Recip. f. of 2 *oqe:- 'to wager, o r is angry; if, you do) u q u z l u k a n u k ' h u m -
bet, with one another'. T i i r k u vrlr ff. ( b i r liiltion a\\-a~tsyou' 783): a.0. 2118: nrrl(?)
ikinti:]si:ke: s a v t : n iiqegmi$ler 'they ar- Tef. u y u z l u k ( I ) 'low prices'; (2) 'contcrnpt,
gued (or w a ~ e r e d ?with ) one another' (and one humilintion' 334: X w a r . X I V u q u z l u k 'cheap-
said ' 1 n~aintainthat the stars have authoritv ness' Q ~ t b195.
ovrr cvervthing' and the other said-rest lost)
TOY. 11r: 1-3 ( E T Y I1 179): S a k : X I 01 T r i s . V. ACZ-
m e n i D birle: iiqegdi: b h i n i f i toy' he bet 13 uquz1a:- (ucuz1n:-) Den. V. fr. u q u z ; 'to
with me ahout sorncthinp ' K q . 1181 (iiqe$u:r, treat with disrespect', etc.; survives in SW.
oqe$me:k); (after rice$) same phr. translated Uyg. v111ff. Bud. Sanskrit st~alZbhamniwa-
xiitorn nra'iji jay' 'he het with me ahout some- manyrfn 'one should not disparage one's own
thing' I 61, 9: XIV 11ltrh.(?) r & a m 'to bet' gains' 82 b u l u n p n e g u q u z l a ~ u 1 u : ke r m e z
ox$a:- (sic, error fix oqe$-) Rif. 109 (only): 7'T V I I I E . 9 ; n o m u g uquzladaqt 'treating
K o m . s t v 'to bet' Bye$- CCG; 0.: Ktp. the doctrine with disrespect' Iliirn-ts. 101;
xv rdmna oyes- ( k , with rim's) Ttrh. r i b . 5 . 0.0. do. 165; Stm. 136, 10 (tots:-): Xak. X I
b e g a m : ufuzla:dr: 'the brg treated him with
D i s . ACZ disrespect1 (ohrittohu) I&$. I 301 (uquzla:r,
u q u z (ucuz) basically 'not requiring effort', uquz1n:mn:k); (after uquz) same phr. and
hence in the earliest period (of actions) 'easy', translation I 54, 21: KB k i ~ i gt t l u q u z l a r
of persons 'not \vorthy of respect', and of con- 'his tongue brings a man into disrespect' 163.
crete ohjects 'easy to get' and so 'cheap, worth- 1) uquzlnn- ( u c u z l a n - ) Refl. f. of uquz1a:-;
less' Survi\.cs only(?)in N\I' U $ U Z / U ~ SRUI~ survives in N\V, SIV. X a k . XI 01 bu: ne:gnl:
1328, 1330, 1729, 1732, 1738 and SW Az., u q u z l a n d ~'ad& : hd&i'l-$ay' r o x i ~'he reckoned
Osm. u c u z ; Tkm. u c m 'cheap, despicable', that this thing was cheap1 K q . I 292 (UFUZ-
and the like. T u r k i i v111 yuyka: erkeli: l a n u r , uguz1anma:k).
toplagalt: u p z e r m i q 'when a thing is thin,
it is easy to crumple it up' T 13; vrlr ff. Man. M o n . AD
(various things) k o z i i m d e i d i u p z y e n i k
bold1 'have become quite worthless (Hend.) in 1 a : t (n:d) 'name'; originally perhaps clan,
rnv eyes' T T 11 8, 44: U y g . v111 ff. Bud. rather than personal, name (see a d a p ) ; by
ucuz y e n i k TT IV 10, 16; U 11 77, 18; 86, extension 'title' and 'good name, reputation'.
35; 6 c i m . . . ng1r11g b o l e a y . m e n t n k t S.i.a.m.l., S W h., Usm. a d ; 'l'km. a:t (before
uquz
. . . . - . ..
b o l e a y m e n 'my elder brothcr . . . will
. ~. . , ... :*L. .a:"
vocalic sultixes n:d-). T i i r k i i vttr T i i r k u
.,.+B.- '+h.. . . Q ~ oT,,4iibI l7 7 (att:n I I 7):
 MON. AD
a:trp, I W 2; Ix. I ; [ p p ] a:t b 8 r t i m 'l ~ R V C perty and livestock'. An early ].-W, in hIong.
him the name (or title) o f . . .' II E 41 ; (WC as ed (IIarniscl~ 47 (et in error); Kora.
gave him) x a g a n a t 'the title of xafinn' I I:' 197, IIaltod 45); as there is no trace of the
zo (at@ II E 17); at': kiisl: 'his good word in Turkish between xr and xx the NE
name and reputation' I E 25, I1 E 21; 11 E forms esl6s (before vowels ez) R I 870, 871 ;
22 and 36: vlrr ff. b f r kl$k a:tl: 'one man's Khak. Bas. 57, 63; Tuv. e t Pal. 589, 590 may
name' Tun. I l l a . 5 ( E T Y 11 94); a:tr: Tun. be rehorrowed fr. Mong. Uyg. v111ff. Man.
IV6(do. 96): a:tr:m (to. 12: Yen. e r a t l m 'my kalta uz kl$1 uzlangu e p b u l m a s a r 'just a3
name as an adult' (as opposed to a child) Mnl. a craftsman, if he cannot find raw material for
38, 3: Uyg. virr ff. Man.-A t e r ~ r iattga 'in his craft' M I r 7, I : Bud. e d t a v a r U 1 2 7 , 2 ;
the name of God' A b I 25, 2; at1 6gtilmig 29, 2 ; U II 10, I S ; U III 80, 19; T T V 24,
kUs1 sorulmrg 'whose name has been heard, 55; VIZ1 D.33; X 383; Suv. 135, 22; 195, 17
and whose fame has been asked about' (in all e d l e r 'useful goods' Suv. 530, 2 (tayaklrk):
quarters) M 1 26, 27-8: Bu edgii kti a t Civ. e d t a v a r T T I 10; VZI 0.0.; el(1)ig
PP 7, r ; b u r x a n atrn 'thc k d & a ' s name' y a s t u k l u g edni 'goods to the value of fifty
U I 29, 16; a t yol Suu. 444. 5 (yo:I); many yasfrrks' U S p 62, 7 ; (in a will) eyimni 'my
0.0.: Civ. edgii a t T T VII 29, to; a t yol personal property' ditfo 78, 5 (the only occur-
ditto 37, 11; atag kiig T T 1 4 3 , 146; b i r e r rence i; this form): Xak. XI e:d hull jay'
atrn megizin sijzlelim 'we will enumerate masnti' any manufactured article', e.g. bro-
their names and physical appearances one by cade and the like; roa gad jrrqsnr fa-yuqd e d
one' H I1 22, 16: 0. Klr. IX R. a t r m 'my wa hiiddaja?~!~ 'also pronounced e d with a short
name is' (common beginning of an inscription) vowel, and this is more correct; and one
Mal. I , 2, etc.; e r a t r m ditto 2 , 5 , etc.; oglan says epgii: ed 'good manufactured article'; e:d
a t u n 'my name as a child' 45, I ; a.o.0.: Xak. al-fdu'l-cnyyid 'good luck'; hence one says
xr a:t al-ism 'name'; a:t ai-laqah 'title'; Iglig tutrugi: e:d bu1u:r 'it is lucky for a sick
hence one says b e g a:ga:r a:t b6:rdi: 'the man to make a will' (wariya); this is said to any
beg gave him a title' (alqabahu) Kay. 1 7 8 ; I11 sick man to urge him to make a will Kay. I 7 9
77, 17 (yodul-); 250, 19 (ata:-); a.o.0.: (the second word seems to be merely the
K B b u a t 6; a.o.o.: xrrr(?) Tef. a t 'name' first in a metaph. meaning): K B tavgaq edl
62: At. ditto, common: xrv Mrrh. al-ism 'Chinese merchandise' 68; a r t t l e d 'his pro-
'name' a:d Mel. 50, 5; a t Rif. 145: Gag. perty increased' 618.
xv ff. a t ism Vel. 6 (quotn.); a t n6m
'name' San. 3 o r 27 (quotn.): X w a r . XIXI(?) e t 'flesh', including both '(living) flesh' and
a t (or a d ) 'name', and a t (or a d ) koy- 'to '(butchers') meat'; occurs in various phr. of
name' 02. common: xrv a t 'name' Qrctb 14; which the most important, et62 'the human
M N I , etc.; a t b8r- 'to name' Nahc. 2, 16, etc.: body' (lit. 'flesh and spirit') is listed separately.
Kom. xrv 'natnc; noun' a t ; 'to name' a t t a k - S.i.a.m.1.g. ( T u r k u vrrr etxda: in I N I I is an
C C I , C C G ; Gr.: Krp. xrv a d al-ism fd. 9: error for tllda:): Uyg. vrrr ff. Man.(? -A)
xv al-ism a d l a t Kav. 57, 17: O s m . xrvff. b a l ~ ketin ybmlgler 'they eat the flesh of fish',
a d in various phr., c.i.8.p. T T S 1 3 , 4; 115 , 6 ; M I 35, 16: Bud. e t a ~ l r g l a r'meat eaters'
I I I 3 , 4 ; I v 4 , 5. U 1160,z (iii); t t e t i n satgu$l 'sellers of dog's
flesh' T T I V 8, 58-9; e t i n k a n l n s a t a r 'he
2 a t 'horse'; nearly always with the implication sells their flcsh and blood' PP 3, 4-5 (but the
of 'riding horse'; cf. yllkr:, y u n t ; in a few reading koziiniir e t b u r x a n in r r , 3 is an
modern languages a t means 'gelding', as error for k. a j u n b.); e t y i n see 1 yi:n: Civ.
opposed to a d g ~ 'stallion'
r C.i a.p.a.1. Tiirkii yig e t l e r 'raw meat' T T I 192; b u r u n icinde
vrrr, Y r r r A.: Uyg. vrrr R.: 0. Krr. rx ff. a t e t 6 n u p 'the flesh in his nose swells' IT I 141 ;
'horse is common: Xak. xr a t at-fnras e t is 'living flesh' in seven occurrences in H I
'horse', hi-ipbbd'i'l-alif 'with back vowel' Kaf. I and II and 'meat' in six; 0.0. USp. 91, 5 and
34 (prov.); many 0.0.: KB b u Aytoldr 6tti 30; T T VII25, I I : xrv Chin.-Uy2. Dirt. 'flesh'
k 6 r a t ton t o l u m 'Aytold~ put his horse, e t R 1833; Ligeti 136: Xak. xr e t hi-ijmrimi'l-
clothing and weapons in order' 474; a.o.0.: d i f 'with front vowel', al-lahm 'meat'; and
XIIT(?)Tef. a t 'horse' 62: xrv Mtrh. of-faras 'level ground' (al-sahl mina'l-ard) is called e t
a f l a t Ri/. 81, 170: Cag. uvff. a t ash 'horse' y&r Kaj. I 35 (there is no other trace of the
Vel. 6 ; a t 'umrim 0th 'generic term for horse; second meaning, 'level' is normally tiiz); nearly
the name for one of the chess-men' San. 3or. IW 0.0.: K B etigni y8gey 'he will cat your
25: Xwar. xrv a t 'horse' Qufb 15; M N 69; flesh' 194: xrv Mzrh. al-lahm 8t Me!. 6, 16; Rif.
Nahc. 408, 17 etc.: Ktp, xrrr al-Jaras mutlaqa(n) 78 (in a list of words containing 8, some of
'generic term for horse' a t Hou. 12, 6 : xrv which are not normally considered to contain
a:t (sic) al-faras Id. I S : xv faras a t Tuh. 27b. 8); 65, r r ; 164: Rbg. e t R 1833: Gag. xv ff.
10;Kav. 1 7 , ~31,zr;
; 61, 19. 6t et g@t mz'ndstna 'meat' Vel. 43 (quotn.); 6 t
q.riyt San. 95v. 8: X w a r . xrr~(?)yig e t 'raw
e:d acc. to Knp. 'a manufactured article', but meat' 02. 10: Kom. xrv 'flesh' e t CCI, C C G ;
this may arise fr. a supposed, but impossible, Gr.: Ktp. xrrr al-lallm e t Hou. 15, 16(seebrg-,
etymological connection with e t - ; in practice kesek): xrv e t ('with front rowel') a/-laltnr fd.
the word generally means 'movable property, 7; Bul.7, 15: xvdittu Trth. 31b, 5; Kav.62, 18.
other than livestock' and most commonly
occurs in the phr. e:g t a v a r 'movable pro-
34 M O N . AD
~ t .do^'; used in a number of phr., normally rniigrc:-): K / ) u d 'thc coristellation Taurus'
to connntr inferior qualit)-, hut in some for 139; u d !eg p t u r 'he lies down like an ox'
obscure reasons, e.g. it dirsegl ';I stye in the 988; uc! rngek olciiz 'cattle, cows, and bulls'
eye' (lit. 'dog's elbow'). T h e volvcl was a back 5372: q a g . xv lf. uy (?, i~ndleile should indi-
one in Tiirkii and Xak. and still is in NE cate o-) stgtr 'ox' Vel. 122 (quotns.); (ad 'gall'
Tuv., Pal. j71, but is a front one elsewhere. and) 'the 01 Ycar(sci1-igatu), which the people
S.i.a.m.l.g. 'Tiirkii vrrr l t y11 'the Dog Year' of Iran write as u d yll; this is an obvious error;
(in the 12-year cycle) 11S 1 0 ; V I I I ff. Man. l t they shnuld write uy yrl, because it means
iirdukl 'the barking of a dog' Af I11 45, I (i): 'Ox Year', and the Turks call 'the ox' ('giiro)
Uyg. vrrr ff. Bud. ltnrg U I1 31, 52 (in a list uy San. h6v. 14; u y ( I ) gdm, either male or
of obnoxious animals); a.o 7 ' 7 ' I V 8, 58 (et): female (quotns.); (2) the name of the constella-
Civ. lt siitin 'dog's milk' If I 2 1 ; a.o.0. t t y11 tion Taurus (01-tarcr); (3) 'Ox Year' (previous
T T V11 conlmon; ~t b u r n l p 'the size of a statement repeated) San. 92r. 16: X w a r .
rose-hip'(lit. 'dog's nose') 22,7: xrv Chin.-Uyg. xrrr(?) ud buzaglart (sic) k o p 'it had many
Dict. 'dog' ~t R 1 1498, I.ixeti 158: Xak. xr ~t oxen and calves 02. 263; a t ka:trr (MS.
01-halb 'dog' Kap. 1 35; many 0.0. including kagatrr) u d 'horses, mules, and oxen' 273.
~ t t g(4 0.) ttka: (3 0.): KB e s r i g t t q 'your
huntinp panther and your dog' 5379: X I V 1 o:t (o:d) 'fire'; normally lit., occasionally
Aflth. al-halb i:t Mc1. 72. 7 ; 81, I ; Rif. 174, metaph. for 'anger'. Sometimes spelt oot in
186: Gag. xv ff. i t helb Vel. 43; i t sag 'dog' UyR., ,? to represent the long vowel or distin-
San. 95v. 5 (quotn. and several phr.): X w a r . ~ u ~ its hfr. 2 ot. S.i.a.m.l.g.; S W Az., Osm.
xrv it 'dog' Qtrtb 62; MN 230; Nahc. 14. 16, ..
o d ; Tkni. o:t (o:d . before vowels). T t i r k u
etc.: K o m . xrv 'dog' i t CCI, C C G ; Gr.: v111biriki: boduntg o t s u v k t l m a d ~ m'I did
Ktp. xrtr al-kalb i t Hou. 11, 8 (and see not make the united people discordant' (lit.
kbpek): xrv ditto Id. 8 ; Bul. 10, 10: xv ditto 'fire and water') I E 27, II E 22; 8.0. do. 37; 27
Tuh. 3 0 b 10; Kav. 62,4. (borqa:): Uyg. vrrr ff. Chr. o o t y a l ~ n lblrle
'with a blaze of fire' U 1 8 , 12: Bud. o t yalln
T T V 6, 44; 8, 91 ; a.o. U 118, 27 (2 t n m ~ t - ) ;
U:?, etc. Preliminary note. There are seven basic the word spelt od, odh, ot occurs severnl times
words in this group of which the original pro- in T T VIII: Civ. o t k a k b m i i p 'burying it in
nunciations can be firmly fixed as u:d, o:d, o t , the fire'H I 35; a.o.0.; o o t T T I 19, etc.; o o t
o:d, o:d, o t , and u:d, which are not easy to yaltnl 123 ; o o t 'the element of fire', common
keep apart since in the early p ~ r i o d- d tcas pro- in T T VII: x ~ vChin.-Uyt. Dict. oat see
nounccd -t. There may also ot one time have q a k ~ l - : Xak. xr o:t al-ndr 'fire' Kap. I 43
been a second *u:d 'sleep', see 1 U:. I n some (prov.); I 164 (as-) and nearly 30 o.o., some-
tnedieval languages u v u t hos beconre ut/ud and times spelt o t : K B o t 'fire' as one of the
u g u t u:t. elements 143; 249 (iitlil-); 375 (OF-); a.o.0.:
xrrr(?) 7 b f . o t 'fire' 239; 'At. ditto, common:
xrv Mull. 01-ncir o:d Mrl. 17. 6 ; 23, 2; Rif. 9 5 ;
u:d 'bovine, ox', without reference to sex, not o:t 68, 17; 169: Gag. xv ff. o t dti$ 'fire' Vel.
'hull', which was Okiiz or huka:, nor 'cow', S6; o t ' 8 generic term for fire' San. Gzr. I
w h ~ c hwas i n g e k ; almost syn. U,. s t g t r . It (quotn.): X w a r . xrv o t 'lire' Qrrtb 120: Kom.
early became the word for 'ox' in the twelve- xrv ditto C C I , C C G ; Gr.: KIP. x r r ~al-ncir
animal cycle, and lingered on in this meaning o:! Horr. 8, 18; 17, rg: X I V ditto Id. 15; of Bd.
in the west long after it had become obsolete 4, 11: O s m . xrvff. o d c.i.a.p. T T S 1535-6;
as a common noun. T h e entries in some Osm. 11714-17; 111531-3; I v 597-9.
dicts., Satni 208 (o!), Red. 242 (od), 249 (oz),
255 (of) are muddled reminiscences of this. 2 o t 'grass, vegetation', usually that growing
S u r v i ~ e sas uy, a common noun, in some NE, naturallv as opposed to a cultivated crop
SE, and NC languages. Sporadic spellings with ( t a n g ) ; the basic word and its derivatives soon
-d are errors. See Doerfer 11 584. Uyg. v111 ff. acquired three special connotations:-(I)
Man.-A (they kill and destroy) kentii s u r i i g 'medicinal herb, remedy'; (2) 'useless vegeta-
u d u g koyantg 'oxen and sheep of their own tion, weeds'; (3) occasionally 'poisonous herb,
herd' M I 8, 8: Bud. yerin U@ m a y a k t tize poison' (normally agu:); there seems to be a
suvatlp 'moistening its ground with ox-dung' difference between o t e m 'curative herbs' and
U I 29, 6-7 (Suv. 519, 6); a m a r l ttnllglar o t y e m (see 1 yern) but the two are often
y u n t U@ q o k a r 'some men slaughter horses confused and may be identical. C.i.a.m.l.g.
and cattle' PP 2. 8 ; 0.0. do. 65, 2 and 6; Strv. Tiirkii v111 ff. yag o t 'fresh grass11rkB 17, 53:
341, 22: Civ. (one kid, one horse) b i r U@ b i r Man. (the five kinds of) o t u g @ a p g 'vegeta-
ingek 'one ox, one cow' USp. 55, to: U@ y11 tion and trees' Clwas. 318: Uye. vrrr R. Chr.
'ox year' IJSp. 63, I ; 107. I ; T T V I I (com- hiriik otaqt e m q i e r s e r o t y r m a l g a y 'if he
mo;); VIIIP.34: U@ in such phr. a s ~ 6@t i 'ox- is a physician (Hend.) he will cccept the frag-
,pl!'.is common in If I, 11: Xak. xr 01-baqor rant hcrbs and spices' U 1 7 , 3-4 (but o t e m
ox 1s called u:d (MS. n:d) in Cigil and one 'curative herbs' must have bcen intended):
savs u:d (red) yllr: for one of the twclve Man.-A (however many . physicians come)
p$.
~ L r k i s hyears 1 4 5 ; 0.0. in ordinary Xak. otln blrle 'with their curative herbs' M I 15,
7: Man. 11t e a s o o t l a r (so spelt) 'shrubs, trees
I1 358(nl-pmr bull', mligret-); IIzy3, I and
I11 364, I S (01-haqar, s u s - ) ; 111403 (al-law, and vegetation' Wind. 7-8; otqn T T II 17,
 MON. A D
77-9(6pul-): I h d . ot1 yagl yag 'its vegetation puished and einht first days ( y a g ~kun) come
and fresh gras9 is fresh' 7'1' V 28, 124; o t e m Into existence) T T V I 324-6; (in the fortunate
'curative herbs (Hend.)' Suv. 598, 2; o t y c m earth-monkey year) ihjrillrnig edgil adke
T T X 326 (damaged): Civ. ankabug qurnr kutlug koluka 'at a chosen good time and an
oti 'a remedy of asafoetida powder' H I 6; auspicious moment' Pfihl. 6, I ; (in the Tbrk
o t 'remedy' common in H I I ; beg b a g o t Tiirgeg country) bdl kolusr turnlig 'their
'fire bales of hay' USp. 91, 10-11; occurs seasons are cold' Ifiien-fr. 106; (since the seven
several times in T T VIII spelt odh and of: planets cannot conceal themselves from them)
xrv Chin.-Uyt. Dicf. '(medicinal) herb' o t a d kolular ktigin y a r a t m l g l a r oi 'they have
Iigcfi 88: Xak. xr o t a/-nabt 'vegetation', constructed instruments for (measuring) time'
hence o t undi: nalrata'l-irabt 'the vegetation 132; 6d kolu e r m e z 'this is not the time
sprang up'; o t a word used for all kinds of (Hend.)' (to speak at length) T T X 27;
'fodder' (cami'i'l-'alaf), hence atka: o t b k g i l k i m n i g kurtulrnaklig 8 d l n kolusm odgu-
i'lifi'l-faras 'feed the horse'; o t al-dawd', r a k bilser 'if he knows intimately the rno-
'remedy, medicine', henclot i ~ t i m 'I drank the ment of anyone's liberation' 273-4: Civ.
medicine' . . .; o t al-mmm 'poison', hence b e g kiintiiz iki Sdte 'twice daily' If I1 8, 32;
a g a : r o t b k r d l : 'the be^ gave him poison to iikiig B@n isig 'a recurring fever' ditto ro,
drink' Kaj. 1 3 5 ; o t y e m I11 5 (see 1 yern); 6 5 ; tilnle t o k u z u n r Bdte 'in the ninth hour
1 2 0.0.: KB o t e m kalrnadr 'no remedy of the night' T T VII 9, 32-3; y u n t 8dlnde
(Hend.) remained (untried)' 1061 ; (if he culti- .
. . s q g a n Sdinde 'in the (Chinese style)
vates it) o r a r e r tbrilgii otl 'the man reaps double hour of the horse . . . of the mouse'
the crop ready to be gathered' 1393; o t y e m do. 25, 23 and 25; 0.0. T T 1 3, USp. 70, 5;
975 (2 a p ) : xrlr(?) Tef. o t 'grass, vegetation' in the astronomical text T T VIII L. the
239: XIV Muh. (in a note on the difference word occurs several times spelt lit, there are
between o and U) if pronounced o:t it is a other similar apparent mis-spellings in these
Singular Noun meaning a/-!ragif arui'l-dawd' texts due to a shift in the phonetic values of
awi'l-qayd(?) 'fresh vegetation or remedy or?' Brshmi letters: xrv Chin.-Uyf. Dict. 'the
Mel. 7, r ; Rif. 78 (01-qayd has no appropriate four seasons' t o r t 6d R I 1259; Ligeti 189:
meaning and may be corrupt): 01-kadis 'hay- Xak. XI o:cj (spelt 6 d in error) al-zahn
stack' o:t gii:n 60, 5; 159 (prob. an error for .
,tune'; bi-gammati'l-miw 'with front vowel'
6rtgu:n): Gag. xv ff. o t yerde bitpn ot 'veg-eta- Kaj. 1 4 4 ; eleven 0.0.: KB (God created) Bd
tion growing in the ground' VeI. 86: o t giycih odleg 'times and seasons' 3; many 0.0.: xrli(?)
wa 'alaf 'vegetation, fodder' San. 6zr. 2; o t Tef. oz (sic?) 'time' 242; At. (the wise man
y 8 m dawd'i wa gadd'i 'drugs and provisions' knows) ig a d i n 'the time for action' I 13: XIV
San. 6zv. 19 (quotn.): X w a r . xrv o t 'grass' Rb2. 6:d 'time' R I1259: Muh. al-waqt 'time'
Qutb rzo: Kom. xrv ( I ) 'vegetation, herbage'; 6:y Mel. 79, 15; R$ 184.
(2) 'medicine'; ($ 'ointment' o t C C I ; G . :
KIP. xrrr al-liagrg ot, which is also a/-dawd' l 8:t (8:d) 'bile, gall; the spleen, the gall-
Iloic. 8, 18; (after o:ta:qi:) al-dawd' o:r; al- bladder'; both the liquid and the organs
-'aqq&r 'drug, aromatic plant' y e m 23, ro: secreting it. As the spleen was supposed to be
xrv 0:t tmb& Id. 8 ; 01 al-daruri' 15 and Bul. the organ connected with fear, and less often
5. 13; 01-diryriq 'medicine, antidote' o:t Bul. anger (usually associated with the lungs, see
11, 6: xv darud'ot Tuh. 15b. 10: O s m . X I V ff. opke:), the basic word and its derivatives
o t 'remedy', c.1.a.p.; o t y e m xvr ( I V 613) sometimes connote cowardice and other
translates Pe. abrdz 'spices' and a syn. Ar. emotions. S.i.a.m.l.g.; S W Az., Osrn. 8 d ;
word T T S 1 5 5 0 ; I1 736; 111 549; I V 612; Tkm. 6:t (i5:d- before vowels). Tiirkii vrrr
x v ~ r ro t in Rtimi, nzira 'depilatory' San. 62r. 3. (because heaven and earth were in disorder
and) 6di:ge: kuni: tegdiik iiriin y a g ~ :
6:d 'time', both as 'a point in time' and 'a bolt^: 'because envy entered their spleens they
period of time'; in astronomical terminology became hostile' 11 E 29 (an almost unique
apparently 'an hour'. Survives in NE Tel. oy example of intervocalic -d- in Tiirkii): Uyg.
R 1 1 1 7 2 ; TUV.by Pal. 319; S E Tar. 8 t R I vrrr ff. Civ. o t in such phr. as u d 6 t i 'ox-gall'
1259; S W xx Anat. od DD 1101. See odleg, is common in H I and I I ; 8 t tamarx 'the gall-
kolu. TilrkU vrrr 01 Bdke: 'at that t i m e ' l E zr ; duct' I1 32, I I : Xak. XI 6:t al-mamra 'gall';
11E 18; a n t a g Bdke: 'at a time like that' I E aqall gamma minhu 'the front enunciation of
40; a.0. I N 10 (ay-) (note that b u Bdke: in I S the vowel is less than that of it' (i.e. the
I was corrected to bodke: in 11N I ) ; v111ff. preceding entry u:t) Ka?. I 4 3 (the difference
Man. 01 (idtin 'at that time' C h a r . 1 6-7: noted seems to be that between 6:- and U:-):
Uyg. v m ff. Chr. 01 bdiin U I s , 2 : Man.-A K B 6 t a g u 779 (see a&:, reading uncertain):
iikUg 6 d t e beril 'for a long time' M I 11, t7; XIV Muh. (in a phonetic note on the difference
01 8 d k e 11, 3; edgii bdke koluka 'at a good between B and ii) 'and if the darnma of the
time and moment' 26, 20: Man. 01 Bdiin 'at hamza inclines (nmalat) moderately to hasro
that time' T T 116, 33 : Bud. 01 8dUn PP 4, 2; its (Mel. b:d, Rif. 6:t) meaning is al-mmciTa
blgiiliik odi 'the time when he must die' MeI. 7, 5; Rif. 78; 01-manila o:t 48, I ; 142:
U 1128, 7 ; 8trii yayli kig11 t o r t 6cj bolur Gag. xv ff. o d zahr 'poiwn, bitterness' in Ar.
'then the four seasons, summer and winter tnarira San. 66v. 14: Ktp. xrlr 0 1 - m u m a:t
(etc.) conie into existence' (within each of the Hou. 21, 18: X I V 8 t ditto Id. 8: xv ditto Tuh.
four seasons ( 6 9 two periods (bd) are distin- 32b. 8; Kav. 61, 10: Osm. xrv ff. Bd is noted
 3 ~ . - I I ( ~F, r. q +m,0-10; a.(]. 401,
l J r n p h ~ tM
7: h d . y a k u r u p n k n t ~ p'stringinp a h o n
nnrl s h r ~ o t i nnrruws'
~ I i I 1 7X, 31 ; o k l n a t ~ p
1) 2 iit presun~ahlyI k v . N. in - t fr. 8:- ; sel- 'shooting with arrrnvs' 7'7' I V 10, 12 (the
dom used by ~tself,usually in the phr. o t s a v two texts are s t r ~ c t lparallcl):
~ ya kurop ok
'adwoe and coun=,el', o r in association with a t k a l i r 'stringing his h o w hc cnnstantly
1 e r i g 'advice'. In 7'7' V I I I spelt i i t , cf. Bgut. shoots arrows' 7'7.1 162: X a k . X I e r o k a t t l :
h1.o.a.b. I ' i i r k u \.111 fr. v$ii:m Bti:n a l a y c n 'the man shot (ral~tci)an i~rrow'(etc.); and one
k a g ~ ms a w : n t q I a > - i : n '1 u11I accept nly says t a g a t t l : irrhnlocri'l-srrh11 'the d a v n
mother's advice and listell to my father's hrnkc'; and one says o l a t t l : ne:gnl: 'he
words' I r k R j 8 ; hlan. s i z l e r o l a r s a v ~ n q a threxv (tnrabn) t l ~ rthina' Krrf. I 170 ( a t a : r ,
otinqe y o r q l a r 'act in accordance n i t h their a t m a : k ) ; y a g ~ nn t ~ py a v n a d ~ 'the
: lightning
advice and counsel' T T II 10, 77-8: Bud. flashed' I 236, I ; 1 403, 27 ( k a n n ) ; i t k a :
b u iillerig s a v l a r i g a h p 'deigning to accept u v u t a t s a : 'if one it~stilsdiscipline (dllfi'a'l-
this advice and counsel' U II 49, 31 -2; 6 t tinyi') in a dop' I I 1 6 , 4 ; about 20 0.n.: KB
e r i g see 1 e r i g : X a k . X I I<B iit s a v 1356; o t t h u g o t k a a t m a 'do not tllron yourself in the
s a v e r i g 1548, 2617,3984; t u s u l g a y m u e r k l fire' (for the snke of thiq \wirld) 1284; a.o.0.:
s a g a i i t l e r i m 'will my advice rrally be of ~ I I I ( ?7i.f
) ciidiini n t k a a t m a k 'to t h r t ~ w .
value to you l' j I 21. the ~nagiciariin thc fire'; m e n 1 a t s u n l a r 'let
them shoot m e ' ; t a g a t - 6 2 ; At. e r n 1 o t k a
u:t (u:d) 'hole, aperture'. Kaj.'s and h.l~ih.'s y u z i n a t g u q ~111 ol 'it is the tongue that
remarks point clearly to an initial U:-, and the throws a man's honour in the fire' 159: xrv
Oguz form and long vowel to an original final fil~tlt.rrrm6 bi'l-nird 'to shoot an arrow' o k
- d . Survives only in NE iit Koib., Sag. R I a t - , rantri ba'idn(n) 'to shoot n long distance'
1260; iit Alt., Tor. Tel. R I 1862; Khalc. Bas. i:ra:k (R$. u:za:k) a t - MP[.26, 1 4 ; Rij. 109;
257; 'I'uv. P d . 435. Uyg. v111ff. Bud. i k i al-rami ( R $ rua'l-!mdj) 'to shoot (and hit)'
b u r u n iiti 'his two nasal apertures' T T V I a t m a k 34, 13; 120: (jag. sv ff. a t - at- biy-
407: Civ. b u r u n i i t i n d e H I1 16, 2 and I I ;
-andc?z ma'ncisina 'to throw, shoot' Vcl. 6
a.o.o.; (if a nlouse) b i r o k ut k s l s a r 'makes (quotn.); at- ( I ) andfixtan 'to throw, shoot';
just one hole' (in a garment) 7'1' V I I 36, 7: (2) t6li' p d a n 'to dawn' in the sense of the
X a k . sr u:t a/-!nqbji'/-cid6r ma'l-snph 'a hole dawn breaking (/rtlrZ'-i grib!~), hut in this sense
in a wall o r piece of wood', bi-~anrrnati'l-w6w 'dawn' must be mentioned San. 2 7 v 8
'with a front ro\vel' Kag. I 43 (contrast (quotns.): X w a r . xlir(?) a t - 'to shoot', and in
phonctic note on 1 6:t); 1 3 8 2 , 18 (see 1 k a r a k ) idioms 02. 112, ctc.: s r v a t - 'to throw'; (of
and five o o: xlv M ~ r h .in a phonctic note on dawn) 'to hrcak' @rtb facsimile 44v. I , etc.;
the rounded vowels u:t 'the hole' (!oqh) of the MIV 140, etc.; Nohc. I 7, 5 ctc.: Klp. s r i r ran16
ear, or a nccdle or the like is distinguished in at- Hotr. 34, 10: xrv at- ('with hack vowels')
character f r t > ~ nu t - , o t , and o:t, hut only hy rrrrrrri 1t1. 7 : s v nt- in $ynni~n:~ticnlscctim
length f ~ o n riit- illd. 7. z ; Rij, 78; [oqlirr'l- 'lith. 53n. 5 ; rnrmi 'nni'l-iprcr 'to shnot from
-!mfcj 'the aperture in U nipple' e m ~ e : ku:ti: a bow' a t - Kar,. 74, r.
141: O a u z X I (in a phonetic note) similarly
the Turks c:~llal-pqb u:t and they the 0F;luz) C:t- (&:cl-) h:~s a lonz srninntic history; it
ii:d 1 3 1 , 22. originally nlcant 'to organize, put in order'
h l o n . V. AD- (a meanirip survivina only(?) in NE Tuv. Pal.
576), then 'to ornament, adorn' (cf. e t i g ) ,
*l a d - See a d t n . a d i r - , etc. ihcn 'to create' (as part of an organized plan),
* 2 a d - See 2 a d ~ g a, d l l - , etc. then by a gradual process of attenuation simply
'to make', and finally 'to h ' . This attenuation
a t - basically 'to throw, to shoot', with a very occurred chiefly in the Western languages;
wide range of extended and metaph. meanings. the Eastern lanpuagcs, perhaps for the colour-
(Red. for exanlples lists 22). T h e r e is a wide ful reason given by Kaj., rather avoidcd the
variation in the cases of the direct and in- word and continued to use k ~ l -for 'to make,
direct object; the original usage secrns to have do.' S.i.a.m.l.g., nearly always for 'to make,
been to put the object thrown in the Acc.. the do', but in most languages used chiefly t o
target (if mentioned) in the Dnt., and the form compound verbs out of foreign, esp. Ar.
weapon (if mentioned) in the Ahl.; another nouns. T h e consonant of this verb, unlike
usage is to put the target in thc Acc., and the that of a t - , is -cl- hcfore von.cls in the SW
weapon in the Iristr., and another to n x n t i o n (O@z) languages ~ n dthis no doubt re-
only the weapon in the Acc. I n some phr., presents the earliest form. 'The intervocalic
e.g. t a g a t - 'of the dawn, to break' there is no - d - in the N E languages is not significant as
stated Ohiect; and in some languages a t - has it occurs universally. T i i r k i i v111 the word is
almost h ~ c o n ~anc :\us. V. C.i.o.n~.l.g. UyR. common (over a dcrrcn occurrences) usu:~llyin
v111 fi. R h . - X a g u X o r m u z d a t e g r l k e the phr. b o @ u n Ct- 'to organize a people
a t g a y m e n '1 will discharge poison at the god (group of clar~so r trihes) into a realm (&l)',
Horrnuzd' IM I 19. 15-16; a t m q a g u s ~'the often with an implication of conquering them
poison which he had discharged' 20, I ; ta* first; e.g. S u g d a k b o d u n 4teyl:n t d y i n
a l i p Z r u v ~b u r x a n a g a t ( t ) i l n r 'they took t say in^ "I n.ill ol-p.ini~ethe Sogdian people" '
stones and threw them at Zornaster the ( I crossed the Pearl River) I E 39; another phr.
 M O N . V. A D -
is r e r i g Pt- ' t o marshal troops in battle lo'ahhnh 'to pray' n a m k e t - I I I , and
order'; C.& su@$ b o l s a r y e r i g k t e r e r t i : dayynqa 'tn constrict' da:r e t - I r r : (jag.
'when there was going to tic a I)attle, he used to xv ff e t - V e f . 41-7 l i s t ~ a r i o u conjugational
s
marshal the troops' I x . 9 ; the later mean- fmnms translating them ryle- (edle:-) and
ing perhaps occurs in b a r k Ctgii:$i: bediz sometimes addinpfi'l 'to make, do'; e t - ('with
y a r a t i g m a b i t i g ta? Btgii:$i 'ornamenting 8 - 7 kordan 'to make, do' (also used in com-
the grave poods, having the paintrd decora- pound verbs) San. 93r. 15 (quotns.): O g u z
tion carried out, and ornatncnting the memo- X I see Xak.: X w a r . xr11 e t - l e d - 'to make, do'
rial stone' I N 1 3 ; also occurs in the Flend. 'Ali 34: xrv Ct- 'to make' Qutb facs. 57r. 18;
Qt- y a r a t - ; r g. Az b n d u n Ctip y a r a t l p in compound verbs M N . 44 etc.: K o m . xlv
'organizing the Az pcople' I E 1 9 ; the proper e t - ( I ) 'to do (something Acc., to someone
name or title RI e t m i g 'Iinving organized a Dnt.); (2) in compound c-erhq CCI, CCG;
realm' first occurs in Onpin 4: v111ff. Pli:g Gr. 95 (quotns): Klp. X I V e t - fa'ala fd. 8 ;
Qtmi:$ m e n IrhB, 48; R n biz a d r u k et-/&- in compound verhs Brrl. sov., 4or.,
a d r u k 6tlp yaratlp n o t & kigiirsiig Sgr., etc.: xv 'amila e t - (and eyle-) 7hh. tha. 7.
t o r 6 b a r e r t l 'there wart a rule that we should
organize (Hend.) various thinps and introduce 1:d- 'to send (something Acc.'); and by exten-
them into the doctrine' Cfmas. 228-q (exact sion 'to allow to go, to rcleasc'; in the early
period also an Aux. V. with Gerund in -U:/-ii:
~~2 obscure): IJyg. v111 r e r i g Btdi $U.
I etrnlg ( ~ i c )N I : v111ff. Man.-A. connote completed action. A9 a basic verb
(varrous gods) yCrig t e g r i g y a r a t g a l l survives in NE IS-/I R I 1385, 1409; Khak.
&gel1 a n u n t l l a r 'prepared themselves to IS-112- nas. 332; 'ruv. ~ d Pal.- 569; NC KZX.
organize (Hend.) heaven and earth' M I 14, 1s- R I 1384 (not in M M ) ; NW IGr. L., T.
4-5: Man. (like the servants of kings and hrfs I:-/iy- H I 1409; I h w . 193: hut mostly re-
who sweep and clean their dwellings and placed by later forms of the compound verb
household goods and) Cter tolteyiir 'arrange I ~ Uh : e r - like i b a r - , &her-, 6:ver-, y e b e r - ,
them a r ~ d provide them with cushions(?)' y i b e r - which s.i.a.m.l.g. except perhaps SW.
Wind. 35: Bud. iilutluk etlik Q t d i m l z T i i r k u vrrr ~ d is - fairly common; the -d- is
t u r g u r d u m u z e r s e r yagqIr& tegrilik assimilated before -S-, e.g. w(s)ar and -t- e.g.
Btdimiz e r s e r 'if we have organized and set ~t(t)l:; normally 'to send'; e.g. a r k t g t i r k i g
u p slaughterhouses and butcher's shops, and ~ s ( s ) a r'if you send envoys and missions' (to
erected temples where 1it)ations are poured' China) I S 8, I1 N 6 ; less often 'to abandon';
TT I V 6, 45-6; 0.o. V1 35; 290; VZI 28, 35: e.g. T i i r k u b e g l e r Tiirkii a:trn ~ t ( t ) ~I: E
X a k . (and O g u z ) X I tegri: m e n i g i:glm 8:tti: 7, 11 E 7 ; as Aux. V. x a g a n l a d u k x a g a n m
n,tla!tn'lldh amri 'God put my airairs in ordcr'; yitiirii: ldrnig 'they completely lost the
and in Oguz they say 01 y i i k i i n ~k t t i : galld xo&zrz whom they had made their ruler' I E 7;
'he prayed', and they (the Ocuz) w e 6:tti: for II E 7 ; 0.0. I E h ; II E 7 (rqgm-), Ix. 19
anything that they do(fa'nlri), while the Turks (uvul-): v111ff. 1drni:g 'sent' IrkB 19: Man.
say k ~ l d l :for 'make, do' ('nmila) except that t e g r i kiisin ogriinqiiliigiin t e g r i yerigerii
this word is in current use for 'copulation' l d u r 'he sends divine stren@h and joy to the
(yncri '&'l-mucdma'a), so they avoid (hfid~i)it cnuntry of the gods' M 111 17, 1-3 (ii); a.0.
in favour of another, so as not to embarrass Chrras. 241; u n l t u 1td1 (sic) 'he completely
(yasta!~yi) the ladies by using it. And this word forgot' C h ~ a s1. 1 5 : a l k u n ~oliirgey b i r t i r i g
may be used min h&ihi'l-mild 'in examples' ~ d m a g a y l a r'they will kill them all and not
(i.e. of compound verbs?) Kap. I 171 (B:te:r, leave one of them alive' TT I1 6, 16-17: Uyg.
6:tme:k); about 20 o.o., all in compound verbs vrrr K r r k ~ ztapa: e r ~ d r n i g'he sent a man to
with onomatopoeics 2 bo:k. 1 q a k , etc.: K R the Ktrgrz' $11. E 10; a.o.o.: vrlr ff. Man.-A
6t- is common for 'to drganize, set in ordcr' t e g r i yPrigerii rat1 116 I 13, 20 ff.: Bud.
and the like; e.g. (opened the way to paradise) k o p t i n s t g a r n o m b i l d e q i l e r k e ark19 [tir-]
a j u n Q t g i i k e'for (the ruler) who sets the world k i S ~ d l g l a 'send
r envovs and missions in every
in order' 63; (the earth seeks to adorn itself) direction to those who know the doctrine'
k i l r k i n Qtip 'setting its form in order' U 111 29, 2-3; a.o.0. (common in this sense);
(smartening itself up) 64; 0.0. 146, 303, 474 (2 s a q l a r i n a r t l a r m d a l d l p 'letting their hair
a t ) etc.: xrtr(?) Tpf. e t - 'to prepare (food); down on their backs' U I V 8, 38; a.o.0.; in
erect (a castle)' and in compound verbs 6 5 : Ifiien-ts. as an Aux. V. seems rather to connote
At. e t - i4 common, e.fi ( 1 ) b u t Q t i p 'making humility, e.g. a y l t u s d u r b l z 'we venture to
an idol'; (2) 6 t e r b o l s a g i$ni Ramp s a k n l p ask' 187.6; a.o.0.: Civ. rd- 'to send' is common
Qt 'if you are performing a task, perform it USp. 9, 3 ; 24, 14 etc.: K a k . XI 01 m a g a : a t
after due reflection' 367; (3) in compound ~ : d t l : 'he sent (ba'a_ta) me a horse'; and one
verbs, e.g. s a b r Bt 'be patient' 349: XIV Muh. says tegri: yala:wa$ 1:dtr: 'God sent an envoy
the texts of MP/. and Rif. differ widely; (or 'prophet', arsala . . . rasri/a(n))'Kaf. TIT438
Mel. 16, 14 has eygii:liik Q d e r i s e n ta:puk (r:du:r, 1:drna:k); rdu: bQ:rlp boguttlrn
Btgemen 'if you do pood, I will serve you', a!laqttrhn li-yadhab 'I released him and let him
R$ 94 has a similar phr. but with kll- for B t - ; go' I zro, Z I ; 1 1312, 24 (tonat-); and four
Mel. has a number of compound verhs with 0.0.: K B 14- 'to send' is common, 34, 93, etc.;
Qt-1Q:t- in 22, 12; 23, 2 ; 24, 2, etc.; most do lcjayin t h e ~d k a l l t u t s a t u t 'if he saysal will
not appear in R$ which does, however, have release" him, if "hold" hold him' 750: XIII(?)
talafa "to perish' t a s B:t- 106, :all8 wn TeJ ~ d (occ.:sionally
- 12-) ( I ) 'to send'; (2) 'to
 M O N . V . AD.
stretch out' (a hand): ~ c j ub c r - 'to release' 'come a n d follow me' $U. I:' z ; (many of them
128-0: At. ~ d 'to - send' 31, 36, 79; sozlig went down the Selmga) ben Selege: keqe:
boglak 1dma ylga t u t t r l q 'do nnt let words udu: yorc:dlrn 'I crossed the Selenga and
loose at random, keep a firm hold on your marched fnllowing them' E 4 ; 0.0. E 3 and 6:
tonpce' 135: xrv Muh. arsala ly- (or l:-) M e l . (v111ff. Civ.; the word has been erroneously
22, 5 ; N I ~ .102; jomnm ( ? read ,wnrozn) rca read in USp. 77, 14, the correct reading seems
tnrokn,'to hurry(? to shrink from) and abnn- to he blz bitigke u d n k l r m ~ ~ 'as q e we \yere
don' ly- (or I:-) 27, I r ; I 10: (Gag. X Y fr. ~ d - put on the re~istcrin our sleep' (i.e. without
is not listed; yiber- 'to send' V d . 412; San. heing informed about it)): X I V Cllin.-Uyg.
3 4 7 ~ .22): X W B ~X.I I I id- (sic ?) 'Ali 47: X I V Dirt. 'to follo\v' u(!u (mis-spelt rrdrrp) kel- R I
id- Qrrtb 58, iy- 58, ~ d (sic) - 205; (VU) 1y- 1702; I,igcti 273: Xak. X I udu: hnlfa 'hehind,
MN 129; id- 'to send' Nnhc. 19, 8 ; 30, 16; following'; hence one says m e n anlg udu:
230, 16; 315, 2-3 etc.: K o m . X I V 'to send; k e l d i m 'I came hehind him' (hnljah~r);a7d
to admit(?)' I-/ly- CCI, C C G ; Gr. z7z: KIP. m e n senig udu: b a r d l m iqtnfaytuka I
xlv I- nrsnln, with a note %a!-inc that I ~ I :is followed you' k-n~.I 87; udrnak a!-tcihi'wu'l-
coniupat~dhut idi: konn not rvcrpt in the -g6kiri 'follower, servant'[ 99; e r e n k a m u g
Perk Id. 7: xv nrsnla I- Tuh. ga. j . art ad^: n e q l e r udu: 'mankind have been
ruined, when they have coveted wealth'
1 it- 'to push, or shove (somethinp .4rr.), to (laltrm6 tarni'n! fi'l-omruril) II 17, 16; (God
push (it) over'. S.i.a.m.l.g., except perhaps created the world) qt@,r~: udu: (MS. trd in
NC and SC, where it seems to have hcen dis- error) tezginiir 'and thereafter the firmament
placed by iter- a der. f. of recent forrnntinn. revolves' I1 3 0 3 , 9 ; (the supposed form uy-
Xak. xr 01 a m : itti: $adomaliii wa dafa'ah~r in Brockelmann's and Atalay's Indices is an
bi-yadihi nm riciihi !~attci osqofahrt M[-ard 'he error for 2 uya:, see ka:b): KI3 udu: occurs
bumped against him and pushed him with his in the phr. u d u b a r - 571, 2710, etc. and u d u
hands or feet so that he threw him to the q ~ k -5444; (the begs are the leaders; wherever
ground' Knj. I 171 (ite:r, Itrne:k); (if the the leaders go) u d u l a b a r r r b a r q a u d m l g
waves rise in my lake) ta:mrR ite:r translated k l ~ 'all
l the followers follow' 5202 (for udula
'they heat on the walls of my castle as if they see upu:la:-): XIII(?)Tef. (up-)/uz-/uy- 'to
were going to shift it (yrrzilirhu) from its place follow' (someone Dat.) 'occur in several con-
and knock it down' (wdfn'rrhrr) I11 137, S: jugational forms' 321. 323: At. (God created
Gag. xv ff. ite sal- and it- both translated night and day) u d u (written I I ~ I Umisread ,
iti r6r- Vel. 42-3: it- ('with I-') {izi-rd bd dust udup) b i r i b i r k e y o r w og sog-a 'they follow
zndan rrn qfgandan 'to strike something with one another in front and behind' 14: Gag.
one's hands and knock it down' San. 93r. 16 xv ff. uy- (-up) nrurda'ut rt- 'to follow' &l.
(quotns.); ite sal- (lost zndnn rcn pm afgandan 124; uy- mrrrwifaqnt rcw mutribn'nt korcinn 'to
94r. 2s (quotn.): Iiorn. x ~ ite v ber- 'to bump conform: to follow' San. 89r, 19: Xwar. xrv
against' CCG; Gr.: KIP. XIV it- dafa'a Id. 8: uy- 'to follow' Quth 196: KIP. X I V uy- taba'n;
sv dafn'a it-/ite bhr- Tirh. 16a. 2. uygnn 01-Idhi' m. 26: xv mbo'n uy- Tuh.
yb. 4 ; fdwn'n 'to agree with(someone)'uy- 248.
S 2 it- 'to stray'. Sec yit-. 9; ncrifaqn 'to conform' uy- 28h. 7: O s m . xv
S 3 it- 'to smell'. See yl?l-. uy- 'to follow' T T S 1735.

E 4 it- 'to make, do'. hlistranscription of 8:t-. u t - ( I ) 'to win (something Acc.) at gambling';
(2) 'to beat, defeat (someone, various cases)'
*od- See o d u g , odgur-, odun-, etc. (n) at gambling; (b) in battle, etc. S.i.a.m.1.g.
nearly always in meaning (I), less often in
u:d- 'to follow', with metaph. extensions 'to z(a), rarely in ~ ( 6 ) Tiirkii
. vrrl.: (a gambler)
conform to; (of a garment) to fit', and the like. tokuzo:n bog koii utmi:? won nlnety
There is no doubt of the existence of this verb, ownerless sheep' IrkB 29; (if a man wears a
which survives as u y - in SW Az., Osm., reddish white stone) kopka: u t g a y 'he will
Tkm., and some NW languages, but the only beat everyone' (or 'win everything'? at gam-
forms noted in the early period are the Gerund bling) Toy. 18 ( E T Y I1 59): Uyg. Man.-A
udu: used as an Adv. sometinles meaning yhgedmek u t m a k bolzun 'may they have
'then, thereafter'and, in &-a$., the Infin. u d m a k success and victory' M 1 28, 18; 29, 32-3;
( s i c ? ) used as a noun. Another form occurs utmlg(?) y8gedrnig vrhvtl[ler] 'the vic-
In K R and more in Tef. Tiirkii v111 elterrg torious and successful angels' 27, I : Bud.
x a g a n k a z g a n m a s a r udu: b e n Bzim (oh my daughter, by your wisdom) u t d u g
k s z g a n m a s a r 'if BIterig Xagan had not y6gedtig 'you have won and succeeded' (in
striven to succeed, and I myself, following nn argument) U 1121, I 1-12; similar phr. (of
him, had not striven to succeed' (there would a competition in unselfishness) U I11 46, 18;
never hare been a (Tiirku) realm or people) 69, 21; t o r t tijrliig g t m n u siisln u t u p
T 55: v111ff. (the dawn broke) udu: 'then' yhgedip 'successfuily conquering the army of
(the land got light) U ~ U :'then' (the sun rose) four kinds of demons' T T I V 12, 55; 0.0.
IrkB 26: Man. (the sacred king Bogu Xan- USp. 104, 21 ; Hiien-ts. 2062-3; T T X 80 and
gap-) k a m a g d ~ n d a r l a ur d u a t l a n t ~ l a 'all
r 252: Civ. u t m a k y6gedmek T T I 2: Xak. XI
the Elect rode behind him' TT 118, 63; Uyg. 01 am: uttl: qnmaralru fi'l-la'ib ma gayrihi 'he
v111 (I said 'vou are my people') udu: kelig beat him at gambling and other things' Kap. I
 V. A D -
170 (uta:r, utrn&k; vrrre); a n d a g e r i g kim he knows rhc wlsr) takl a r t u k r a k biligleri
uta:r 'who can beat (~oglib)n man like that?' atrnig(?) ol 'and he has penetrated their
1 2 0 0 , 20; bizke: kelip ii:y uta:r 'coming to superior wisdom' 125-6; SyoglO n o m t a
us they wreak (yaqdri) their vengeance' I1 103, otrnig 01 'he has become completely familiar
27: K B ya&R u t f i u p 'conqucrinn the cnemy' with Hinayina doctrine' 1792-3: s a v 862
2141; same meaning 2641, 4883; siiziimni o t r n e y i i k ~ e'afi no message (tlend.) has come
u t u p 'trying to defeat my arp~ments'4004: through' 2040; in a list of devils in l/ 11 61
XIII(?)Tej. ut- 'to defeat' (in a contest of skill) 6tmlgig ykdegiler (12) which comes after
332: X I V hl~rh.ga/ohaji'l-qima'r u:t- hfrl. h, I 8; 'eaters of pus, tears, moisture, spittle, mucus,
Rij. 78 (m a phonctic note on the rounded vomit', no doubt means 'eaters of faecal matter'.
vowels, sayinp that this is the meaning in the Civ. tln buzgak Bttir 'the shortness of breath
normal Ar. pronunciation): Call. xv ff. Ut- passes off'H I r 6 4 ; k a n ottip edgti bolur 'the
'to win' nf a gambler Vel. 87 (quotn.);, u t - bleeding ceases and he recovers' ditto 183-4;
('with -U-') httrdan qima'r wpgiraw 'to win at ~imilarphr. H I1 8, 23; k a r m o t m e z fslglig
gambling or betting' San. 58v. 8 (quotna.): suffering from constipation and fever' ditto
X w a r . xrv ut- 'to win', esp. 'to win (a game 10, 57; k a n n otrneser 'if he is constipated'
Acc.)' Qtith 201 ; MN 35: KIP. X I I I galaba u t - TT VII 2 2 , 16: Xak. X I o k keyikten atti:
Horr. 38, 8: xrv ut- qamara i d . R; ut- ~nfara 'the arrow passed through (nafada) the ante-
'to be victorious1 I S ; galaba wa zafnm r m lope' (etc.); also used of anything which passes
padara bi-nra'nd rahn?rn ('to overcome in the through anything; and one says kan:n 6tti:
sense of gaining') u f - Btd. 67r.: xv zajar.a u~fiqa'l-ba!n wa m@ 'the stomach was purged
wn @labs ut- Tub: zqb. I (and 27a. 2): OST. and suffered from diarrhoea' Kay.. I 171
xrvff. ut- 'to wln', esp. at gambling; to (ote:r, otme:k); (the stream) ta:gig 6te:r
acquire (something Acc.) by conquest'; c.i.a.p. 'passes through (yanfid) the mountain' I 424,
TTS 1 7 3 1 ; I1 935; 111718; I V 790; a pro- 17; sii:si: k a l m k i m ote:r fa-min ka!roti'l-
nunciation ut-. peculiar to Osm. and still sur- -cmd lam akid n'buru 'and because of the
viving in xx Anat., sDD.1439, is recorded as density of his army I cannot contrive to pass
early as Xvl. through' (sic, not a lit. translation) I 371, 2;
I 473, 5 ( k u d r u k ; this might belong to
VU iid- Hap. leg. ; previous editors have read 2 6t-): XIII(?)Tef.nt- (with Abl.) 'to pass
od-, taking the word as connected with 2 bt, through' (a place, or time) 251: X I V Muh. al-
and translated it 'to give advice', but this is -'ubtir 'to cross' 6:t- ( - m a k , in error); al-gal'
etymologically impossible; it seems in fact to (normally 'to cut, sever', here perhaps 'to
be the basic veth of iidig 'sexual passion', separate from someone') 6:t- (-mak, in error)
q.v.; but the text may be corrupt. Cf. iidlen-. Rij. 122 (only): at-ishd (R$. aol-insihd)
'Titrkti v111ff. kara: lipgikk y11 yaru:maz- 'diarrhoea' o:z o:tmek Mel. 65, z ; cif. 164
k a n tedl: Udmeg kiitrneg tirkittig 'the (both texts corrupt, Mel. has Gae:tmek, Rif.
black hoopoe, before the year became bright, 6:m: ii:lmek): Gag. xv ff. tit- (-ti etc., 'with
said, "Do not aet excited (?),do'not look, you P-') variously translatcd geg- 'to cross'; git-
frightened me" ' Irk13 t r (the double -tt- is to go'; farQai et- and vdr g e p 'to give up,
unusual in Runic script, and the word may he cede'; te'iir vc sir+& 'tu spread, penetrate'
an error for iirkitmeg). Vel. 87-8 (quotns.); ot- (by implication 'with
6-') guEldglan 'to pass, pass over, cross', etc.
1 6t- the basic connotation is movement San. 5%. 5 (quotns.): Xwar. XIV balta t a k i
through or over; it is both Trans. and Intrans., iitmedi 'and an axe could not cut through it'
in the latter case almost always with 'time' of Nahc. 30, 2: Kom. XIV ate, as a Postposition,
some sort as the Subject. If Trans. it can 'through' C C G ; Gr. 184 (quotns.): KIP. xv
govern several cases, with different shades nafnda ot- Tuh. 21b. 10; 3 7 b z ; manfid
of meaning; with the Acc. it usually means otiiptiir gqb. 5 : Osm.xrv ff. a t - 'to pass over,
'to cross', e.g. a river, the movement being or through', common in xlv and occurs
over rather than through; with the Dat. it sporadically till XVII TTS 1 5 6 9 ; I1 759.
means 'to penetrate into (something)'; and
with the Abl. (and/or Loc.) 'to pass right 2 ot- basically (of a bird) 'to sing'; hence
through (something)' and come out the other metaph. of other animals or inanimate objects
side. There are various metaph. meanings, 'to emit some kind of sound'; never (of human
e.g. 'to pass over, forgive (sins, etc., Ahl.)'; beings) 'to sing', but in SW 'to chatter, talk
'to give up, renounce (somcthing)'; and, if nonsense'. Survives only(!) in NE Tuv. et-
Intrans., (of the bowels) 'to be purged'; (of Pal. 576 and SW Osm. ot-. Cf. 8ayra:-.
goods) 'to move freely, be easily marketed'. Xak. XI t a t l ~ go t e r s a n d u w a : ~'the nightin-
S.i.a.m.1.g.; in SW only Tkm, and xx Anat. gale sings(yucrib . . . bi-ilhlfnihi) sweetly' 1529,
SDD 1120. Cf. iig-, 2 h - , keq-. Tiirku vrn 7; I11 178, 16; and four 0.0.; n.m.e.: KB
T 3 (6lut-): Uyg. v111ff. Bud. (they fall on iinin otti keklik 'the partridge sang his song'
sharp spits, and these) biitun et6zlerinde 76; 0.0. 77, 78: xrv Muh. saca'a'l-tayr (of a
(or -den ?) a r k u r u t u r k u r u o t u p iiner 'pass bird) 'to sing' 0:t- AfeL 78, note 8 (not in all
right through their whole bodies and emerge MSS. or Rif.): X w a r . xrv 6t- (of a bird) 'to
(the other side)' T M I V 253, 57-8; (I wish to sing' Qulb 124: O s m . xvr 6t- (of a goat) 'to
go home) n e m e n 6tgeyrnii m e n 'how shall bleat' TTS IV 631: xvrrr Bt- ('with 8-7 in
I get through?' Hiien-ts. 27; (he loves the aged, Rtimi, m-nandagiwa satciyidan 'to sing', and
rnctaph. hi-hrirh-fri'i era jrij-sti'i 'to talk non- b u s u ~ l u gs a k l n q l l g b o l m a z u n 'the lnaidcn
scnsc. bahble' SOII. 5x1.. 6. Bhadri said to her father, the h ~ g , "],et
the great king my father not he sorrowful
iit- 'to singe'; rather rare and sometimes mrs- and anxious" ' ( J 11 20, z ff; 0.0. rfo. 25, 1 9 ;
spelt owing to a supposed connection with IJiien-IS. 120: X a k . X I nta: ol-(ib 'rather'; a t a :
1 o:t ( e x . o t - Red. 236). Survives only(?) in sa:gu:n 01-fabib 'physician' Kny. I Hh, and
NC I<zx iit- R 1 1 8 6 3 ; iiyt- nln? 481; N W 403, 5 ( s a g u n ) ; ahorlt 2 0 0.0.: Kl3 a t a 'fathcr'
Iinz. Lit- I? I 1 3 4 3 ; S \ V s s A n a t . iit- S D I ) 1439. 37, I 10, 3784 (eql:) a.n.o.: x l r ~7'~j. n t a 'f;~ther'
S a k . \ I 01 b a : ~ l f i iitti: rryi!n sn'ro'l-m's rrn 62: At. a t n 'father' 291, 405: X I V n41rlt.
~llrroqolrr~ 'he set fire to the h a ~ of r the head and abrihu atn:sl: Afil. 11, 9 ; RV. 88- (niis-spelt);
burnt it otf'; also uscd of nthcr things Kng. I nl-iih ata: 49, 5 ; 143; 01-CO& randla lather'
171 (iite:r, iitme:k): X I V ~llrrh.( ~ an phonetic ulu:R nta: .+g, 5 ; 143; and other phr.: C a r .
note on the r o u n d d vowels) 'and if you d o not xv ff. n t a pidar 'father', and thcv call $rifi
pronounce the word with a rccirc (i.e. long G ) sheikhs and ascetics (mnfciyix-i gri/iyn u'rc
and join the hamm t o the m' with a sllght zuhfid) a t a Son. 301,. I ; a t a b e g / b b g 'great
lengthening (hi-madd hafif) you have the 2nd father' and metaph. ldld rime rabbi-yi arulrid-i
P e n . Sing. Imperat. of i/rrdqrr'l-~onom 'to sal@in 'a princes' tutor' 30v. 2 (quotns. and
singe a shcep' 11~1t.I.7, 3 ; R$. $ 4 : G a g - xv ff. note on thc Atabcg dynasty): X w a r . X I I I a t a
u t - (bn-Gbd'-i dmnmcr i.e. 'with U-lib',hut 'father' 'Ali 36: XIII(!) ditto 0 g . 183, etc.:
erroneously with back vowel) 'to pass a flame xrv dittn Qrcth 1 5 ; Nahc. 14, 12: KIP. a l - d a t a :
rapidly over the head and hide of an animal o r Hou. 31, ry: xrv ata:/ata: al-rib Id. 8 ( a t a
an ear nf wheat to rclnove the hairs and the (sic) lidam 7 may be a corruption of something
like' Son. 58v. 9: K o m . X I V 'to singe' iit- like 'the father o f all mankind' Adam); al-'amm
CCG; Gr.: KIP. X I V u t - nztila bi-ncir fa'ra'l- 'paternal uncle' a t a : k a r ~ n d a : $ : a[-'omma
-Qann~rri'l-nrrrcih~ 'to hurn off the hair of a a t a : k l z kar1nda:g Brrl. 9, 3 (there is a gap in
s'laughtercd sheep' fd. S : sv p*rmolo (mis- the RIS. where atn: should be): xv cib a t a
cpclt, gnnw?n) hi'l-ndr 'to singe' iit- T~rh. Tlrh. fb. I I ; b l y n i n a p : s l : 'the hry's father'
zrb. y. K m . 27, 5 ; a.o. 44, 16: O s m . x ~ v f f .a t n
'filther'; c.1.a.p. TTS I 51 ; 116 4 ; I11 4 5 ; IV
48-9.
a@: not nntcd later than UyE., \vhrrc it is
often uscd in the Hend. a d a : tud:~:; the con- a t l : 'the son of one's younger brother o r of
tests indicate that it means 'danger' o r the onc's own son', that is '(junior) nephew' o r
like; a 1.-W. in Rlong. as oda 'devil, evil spirit' 'grandson'; cf. &$I: (and see Gronbcch, o p cit.
(Kow. 64, Ifaltod 14), which reappears as a therein) and y e g e n . L.-W.W. the same mean-
r e h o r r n ~ i nin~ NI.:and NC K I 477 (ada), ing in Mong. as q i (one of the very few
j57 (aza); not connected, or to be con- Turkish terms of relationship so horrowed).
fused, with the Ar. I.-W. n&i, 'injury, dnnlrcge, Survives only in NE Sarig Yug. 19, at1
pain', and the like. Cf. a p a r t - . T i i r k u 'grand-child; small child'. T i i r k i i V I I I (after
v111 fi. hlan. u l u g acja lyln$ b a s l n ~b o l g a y him his younger brother bccamc .rnfntl) O@I:
'there will he great dangcr and perserutlons atr: x a g a n b o l m i ~e r i n $ 'his son and grand-
(Hcnd.)' T T II 6, I S ; n.o. 22: UyR. v111ff. soli hecanic sa$tr' I E 5, 11E 5 ; Kiil T L g i n
R h . - . \ n d a t u d a (RIS. tiir, an easily cor- a t c s l : Y o l u g ' r e g i n b i t i : d i m '1 YoluR TCgin,
rected error) b i z n i a r a y o k 'there arc no Kill 7'6gin's nephew, wrote (this inscription)'
danjiers (Ilend.) among us' M I 10, 1-2: Man. I SE; [Uilge: X a J g a n atr:sl: Y o l u g Tt8gln
( m y all~tneribe saved) a l p a d a l a r l n t l n 'from I 1 S l t ' ( a s Y. 1'.was the atl: of both of these
t h r ~ rgrIc\-ous
. dangrrs' T T 111 168; am. A4 I hrcithers, h e must have bccn the son of a
f r . 3-4 (i): llud. I)ntli arja and :@n tudp. are vounger Ijrothrr, nnd could 11ot have hcen the
cornninn; e . s ( ~ v h e n you go to sea) b&j grandson of cithcr): v111ff. Atl: & Apa:
t o r l i i g n d a b a r 'there are five kinds of T u t u k proper nnnw? Twr. I V 6-7 ( E T Y II
dangcr' (sea monsters, rocks, demons, Xvaves, 96; atc: might here mean 'his name is'): U y g .
winds) PP 17, I ; 0.0. PP 18, 5 etc.; U 11 51, 1 s y e g e n i m l n a t ~ m i nk o r t i m a m t l : 01tlm
5 ; 64, 8 ; 73, 5 (iii); Tij. 4%. 7 ; h. 4 ; i g a g r ~ g 'I saw m y dau&ters' ( m d younger sisters'?)
o l u m u l a t t a d a t u d a b o l u r 'there are dangers daughtem and my sons' (and younger
(Hend.) like disease (Hend.), death, and so on' brothers'?) sons, and now I have died'
T T CI' 232-3; 0.0. Y 10, X7 (OF-); V I I I K.12 Stici 8.
(a:da: tu:qla: i g a : g r a g ) ; 0 . 6 (ig a g r l g a:da:
tuda:); Krran. 15, 86; i g a:qla: TT V I I I E 1:du: a word read in KO?. I r r o , 10, and
K . 9 ; Civ. a @ b o i m a z 'there is no danger' translated 'trouble, distress' by Brockelmann
H I1 8, 28; lgap] aqla i g bolsltr 'if there is a with a query and by Atalay without one. I t
dangerous illness' 30, 160; both a d a and a d a occurs in a verse, Kog.'s translation of which
t u d a are common in T T I ancl VII. is too frcc to help, spoken by a man in a lovers'
quarrel, s y d x s e n l g u:cju:, e m g e k t e l i m
a t e : 'father'; this word and a n a : 'mother' first 1:du: (or i:cju), y u m S a r k a t r k u:cju:, k o g l u m
appear, instead of k a g (q.v.) and 1 6:g ( q v . ) s a g a : yiigriik. T h e first u:du: is the Gerund
in Uyk. Dud., but are still rare in that language of u d - and the second is 1 u d u : 'sand-dune'.
C.i.a.m.1. U y g . v111 ff. Bud. b a d r a k l z atas1 T h e word aftrr t c l i m might h e the Gerund of
b e g k e I n c a tt8p tkdi k a g l m u l u g Bl(1)ig u p - used i n a slightly different meaning as a ,
 DIS. A D A
Postposition meaning 'aftcr', or it might he the 137: Hbg. idi '1,ord (God)' R l 1508: Gag.
Gerund of ~ : d -nlthouph that verh has no s v ff. the position is complicated; V d . 40 has
obviously appropriate mcaning. In any event eye (sic) y+ih (quotn.); Son. 57r. I adds, after
it cannot he a noun. Jt must mean sonwthing ayH, 'and, spelt iye, so!lih'; this word is not,
like 'He said, 1-1 went]. following you, and however, entcrcd under alif mnksrir m'a'i-yd,
after(?) ninny suffcrings, the hard sand-hank hut iyele- and iyelen- a r e - Vef. 68 has igesi
softened, and my hcart hastened tn you".' ('with -g-') translated $ci!,ibi(quoin.) and San.
108v. 2 has ige ('with -g-') mrilrk wa #+ih
1 idi: propcrly 'riinstcr, mvner', hut in R.loslem (same quotn.)-San. 97r. 13, under a single
texts often 'the Lord' (God). 'l'he phonetic entry has id1 xudd wa xr~d&cond 'the Lord;
history of this word is exceptionally compli- master' with a quotn. fr. Ndsir, 6di 'was', and
cated. T h e uripinal fi~rnm must have hecn ~ t h'its smell', and also 9 7 . 18 idi k u t trans-
id[:, but thc syn. word ige/iye i e IS so old lated r+rih-i sn'dar 'lord of felicity' (a false
that its in(lcpcndcnt cxistcncc c k o t ' h e com- etymology of lduk kut): X w a r . x ~ r idi r 'Lord;
pletely excluded. It seems, howewr, more master' 'Ali r r , 47; lye 51; xrv idi ditto
probable that this is merely a Sec. f. with an Qurb 5 6 ; 4v idileri Nahc. 107, I ; i@i 'Lord
unusual vowel change in the final. 'The position (God)' 249, 4; 251, 2: B u l e a r xrv the sound
is complicntcd by rhecxistence of a syn. Mong. d does not occur in the language of most of
word P C C ( ~ ) which is as old as the ~ I I ISH the Turks but it does occur in Rulijar in idi:
(Iioenisclt 42), and looks like a Turkish loan- 01-mbh fii. g (also in a d a k , udu-): Krp. xlv
word. tdi: could have become ici in Mong., (after ayo: 'with back vowels') wa'l-mdik
but igeliye could hardly have become ece, so wdl-sd1A 27 (presumably eye:): xv mdlik rca
if the two WII-dsare identical the word must srjhib iye Ttrh. 35a. 1 2 (and 9oa. 7): O s m .
have been borrowed hcfr~rethe vocalic change xlv ff. eye (sonietin~es mistranscribed u p )
took place and later altet-cd to conform with it. and, less often, iye 'master, owner' is noted in
It survives in a wide range of Sec. f.s, which over a dozen XI\' to xvr texts T T S 1 2 8 7 ; 11
are not always easy to identify:---NB e: R 1 41; 111 274; the synonymous word i s is
657; 1: 1407; ie 1411; Khak. c: Bns. 334;'I'uv. c.i.a.p., sonletimes as i s and isleri 111382, but
e: I'd. 591: SE 'l'ar. e g e R 1 6 9 4 ; 'l'iirki i g a usually with the Poss. Suff. as issi I 388; 11
Show; e g e B$; igeJmving: NC Klr. e:, e g e 546; 111381 ;IV437; the twn words occur side
Kzx. lye MM. Shnif.: SC Uzl~.egn: NW Kaz. by side in 'aql lyesi fikret issl (xw, 111382).
iye R I 1434, 1578; Kk., N o p y iye; Kum.
e s : SW Az. yiye; Osm. i s ; 'Tkrn. eye; xx 2 idi: Intensifying Adv., criginally used only
Anat. eye, iye, ez. llas sometimes been to qualify Neg. verbs and expressions, mcaning
mistnken for 2 ~ d i the: existence of which was (not) 'at all' and the like; later more generally
not at first realized. Sce Doerfer I1 636. to qualify any Adj., meaning 'very, extremely'.
Tiirkii (vrrr only 2 idi: occurs); vr1t ff. (the fat Not noted later than Xak. unless N C Krr.
horse's mouth has become hard) idi:si: urnaz ~ n d z'very', e.g. lndl k a r a 'pitch black' is a
'its master is powerless (to control it)' IrkB reminiscence. Replaced in the West in the
65: U y R vilr ff. Bud. buy1 idisi t i r t i kuv- medieval period by igen (possiblv an Old
rag1 'the community of 'l'irthakas who own Oguz word) as shown below. This, too, is now
(i.e. reccive) alms' US?. 103, 19-20:- the obsolete. Tiirkii v m (1 campaigned in all
normal LJyR. forms arc ige, iye, i-e, different kinds of country). b t i i k e n y ~ y d a :y6g idi:
AISS. of 7'T V1 h a v i n ~different fomls in the yok e r m i g 'there was nn better [place) at all
same passage; ezrwalarnig l-esi 'oh Lord of than the Otiikrn mountain forest' I S 4 (11
of the nrahrnas' U I 23, 10; 01 61 uluy iyesi N 3); (my ancestors campaigned as far as the '
'the master of that rralrn and country' Srrv. Kadrrkan mountain forest to the east and the
90, 15; y 6 r s u v iyesi 469, 4; ev iyesl (v.1. 11-onGate to the west) ekl:n are: idi: o k s ~ z
igcsi, i-csi) 'master of the house' 7'7' VI 05, kijk l'iirkii anqa: oluru:r e r m i g 'l~etmeen
346; ev igesi VII 28, 17; e v iye:si V111 the two the original(?) Turkii lived thus with no
0 . 8 : Xak. xr idi: 01-snjyid u~a'l-n~n~cIA 'lord, tribal organization(?) at all' I E 2-3. II E 4:
ninstcr'; hcncc one says i d i m ne: t & r 'what T i i r k u s i r bodun yeri:nte: Idi: yor1mazu:n
does my master say?'; arid God (nlldh ta'dd) u s a r igi: yok k ~ s a l ~'on
m no account let the
is called idi:; they say idimiz y a r l ~ g ~ amr
: Tiirku sir(?) people move out of their own
rabbimi 'Our Lord's commands' Kaj. 1 87; territory, if possible let us completely wipe
four 0.0.: K R idi: is conimon; ( I ) of God, them out' T 11; (up to that time the TurkG
e.g. i g i m 'my Lord' 124, etc.; (2) in the snme people) t e g r n i ~idi: yok errni? had never a t
usages as Arabic a/-@?lib 'owrrer, possessor' all reached'(the Iron Gate, etc.) T 47; idi yak
e.g. a y d a w l a t idisi 'Oh fortunate one' 551: erteqi: erti: 'there would positively not have
s ~ r f ?K) B V P uluj+k idisi 'Lord of great- been' T 60: v111 ff. Rkm. idi s e v m e z m e n
ness' 2 ; a y yPr kok idisi 'Oh Lord of earth 'I do not at all like' (living the life of an ordi-
and heaven' 3: x ~ r r ( ? )Tef. h i : ( ? iyisl) 'his nary man) T T I1 8, 42; idi uquz yenik 3, 44
master' (that is his elder brother) 121; idisi (uguz): Uyg. v111 ff. Bud. idi yok is fairly
122: At. idi (I) 'Lord'; (2) 'owner' is common: common T T I V 6, 2 5 ; 1 2 , 56 (see 1 yo:k);
XIV Muh. (in a passage on pronunciation) 'they V1 54 (v.l.), 247, etc.: Xak. X I KB (under-
call 01-,wi!~ib i:di: in Turkestan and i:yi: (MSS. standing and wisdom) idi edgii n e g 'are
in erroi i:ti:) in our country' Adel. 7, I I ; R$ very good things' 215, 453; idi a r t u k e r -
79; al-fd!~ib rua'l-malik i:@: (spelt i:di) 44, 9 ; dern 'very great virtue' 281 ; idi t e r s 'very
 DIS. A D A
perverse' 491 ; and many 0.0. (the word does ado-, ynmnin(i111~6d (sir) cyle- ?U hetroth' V d
not occur in K(y.): (Xwar. xlv Igen 'very' 6-7 (quotns.); ata:- ( I ) ndmidnn 'to natne';
Qufb 60; igen iikii$ 'very many' Nahc. 6, 3; (2) ndmznd I : n r h ~ , in Ar. .m!hn 'to betroth'
231, 10; a.0.0.: Kom. xtv 'VC$ igen C C G ; Snn. 28r. ~y (quotns.): X w a r . S I V a t a - 'to
Gr. : Klp. xrv inen (sic) ciddn(n) 'very' fd. 24; name' Qtltb 15: KIP. X V snmnrri (atla- and)
(in one hG.) igen (spelt ingen) korklfi: fi find- a d s - 7'1th. zoa. 6 : Osm. xrv nnd xv a d a -
dihi mali!i 'extremely heautiful' 25: O a m . (once mis-spclt ant-) 'to name; t 8 1 dvdicate' in
xrv ff. igen, and sornctirnes igentle, 'very' three texts TTS 1 3 , 4 ; 11 5 .
conmion up to xvrl, notcd once in X I Y TTS I E idi:- error (-V- misread as -1-) for evdi:-,
366; II 518; 111 357-8; 11'410). ?.v.; 'to collect, gather up'. PCC. to Uyk.
S it1 'sharp'. See yltig The statement in T T V 34, note Ugo, thnt
there is a Dev. N. idiy fr. this V. in h-aj. is an
S oda See ota:g. error; see Kn$. 111 62, footnote. Uy& vllr ff.
Bud. (just as a man who has hands, if he
VU 1 udu: pec. to Kng Xak. X I udu: al- reaches a jewel island) k o ~ i i ldyin ertini
-aknnm 'mound, heap'; hencc 01-kniil, 'a sand- evdigeli (idifeli) u y u r 'can pick up jewels to
dune' is called k u m udu:; and a town in his heart's content' (hut if he has no hands)
Argu is called Udu: Kent l i n y . 1 8 7 ; a.0. 110, titrii e r t i n i evdiyii (idiyii) urnadrn k u r u g
I I (~du:). k a l r r 'then remains frustrated because he
S 2 udu: See ud-. cannot pick up jewels' TT V 26, 91-3;
evdidiler (ididiler) yrgdrlar 'picked up and
E 3 udu: See 1 U: (Xak.) collected' Suo. 627, 17 ; 642, 4.
Dis. ADA- D 1 o h : - Den. V. fr. 1 o:t; survives only(?) in
NE 'l'uv. oda- Pal. 299; the alternative form
D at%- (a:da:-) Den. V. fr. 1 a:t (a:d); otla:-, first noted in Gag. xv ff. as 0 t h - Snn.
primarily 'to call out (someone's A c c . ) name; 61r. 27 survives in NE Tuv. otta- Pal. 314;
to call out to (sornenne A r c . or Dot.); to call SW C h n . ndla-. Yagma:-, Yemek xi ol otug
(someone Uat. or Acc. something, ttn- ota:d~: istald bi'l-ntir mn n!zmqn'l-!m{nb 'he
sufixed CUSP)';later in extended meanings, warnicd himself at the lire and burnt fire-
esp. 'to nominate (someone Acc.) to a post; to wood'; this is a rare word but used in these
hetroth (i.e. name someone as prospective dialects Kaj. III 252 (ota:r, ota:ma:k).
hushand or wife); to dedicate (something Acc.)
to God or some sacred place'; from this finally D 2 ota:- Den. V. fr. 2 n t ; has d~velopedtwo
developed 'to promise (something).' S.i.a.m.1.g. meanings; ( I ) 'to cut grass, etc. , in modern
in SW Osm. ads:-, Tkm. a:da:-. Uyg. times usually more specifically 'to pull up
v111ff. Chr. men1 a t a s a r 'ifhe calls out to me, weeds'; (2) 'to treat with medicinal herbs'.
calls my name' M 111 48, 2 (v); m a g a a t a y u S.i.a.m.l.g., usually in the first sense; in SW
'calling out to me' do. 49, 6-7: Man.-A (the only in Tkm. and xx Anat. S D D 1095; cf.
unhappy people because of their sufferings) otla:-. Uyg. vur ff. Man.-A (and however
a t a y u r l a r 'call out names' (and curse one manv physicians come with their remedies)
another) 11f I 9 , 8: Rlan. sizni a t a y u 'calling an1 o t a y u u m a g a y 'they will be unable to
out vour names' T T III 97: Bud. an1 ternin treat him (successfullv)' M 1 1 5 , 7: Civ. otR-
e d g b ogli a t m (mistranscribed riz-e) atagalr 'to treat (a patient)' fi I1 26, 84 :nd 93: Xak.
tegimlig bolur 'it is seemly to call him im- X I 01 tar18 ota:dr: jarnaqa'l-znr , run hrrrva nn
mediately by the name of "well-disposed" ' ynqla' ~irn&plirc kwki yufsidahrr 'he cut the
U I V 46, 57-8; an1 a d a bagilk
~ a t r n atagalr pratn (crop), that is cut the crop so that it
tegimsiz b o l u r 'it is not seemly to call should not spoil'; also used of plough-land
him by the name of "kinsman or relation (01-har!) when the ears (of corn) are cut off
by marriage" ' do. 64-5; 0.0. Sun. 190, 12; (fi~rpi~fnti'l-rlr'iir)Kaj. I11 250 (ota:r, ota:-
Him-ts. 30.5; Civ. at19 a t a y u k u t krv ozin ma:k): KB (oh ignorant man, go and)
kelti 'on calling your name di\.ine favour i g i ~ n to t 'have
~ your disease treated' 158;
(Hend.) came of its own accord' T T I 116: otagrl d a r e birle 'treat him with drugs'
Xak. X I 01 a v a r a:t ata:dl: laqqabahu bi-laqab 5244: xrrr(?) Tef. ota- 'to weed' 239: O ~ U Z
'he gave him a title', also used for sammrihtt ;I (after 1 eta:-) and one says in Oj+z emci:
bi'sm 'he gave him a name' Kaj. 111 250 a Q a r o t ota:dl: nl-tabib 'alacalru b i ' l - d a d
(ata:r, ata:ma:k): K 3 (for this reason) a t l m 'the physician treated him with medicine'
Aytoldr tep atadr 'he named me Avtold~'748: KO$. 111 252 (ota:r, ota:ma:k).
billgsiz kigig bilge yrlkl a t a r 'a wise man
calls an ignorant one "animal" ' 985: xm(?) D ud1:- unusual Den. V. fr. 1 U: q.v.;
P B P P C ~ n l ~ g l Adabu'l-mulak
ar atad~lar basically 'to sleep', with several metaph.
the Chinese called (the Kutad&: Bili?) "the meanings; the earliest (of blood, milk, etc.) 'to
education of kings" ' 19: Tef. a t a - to call clot, curdle, coagulate' must have existed in
(someone Acc. or Dot. something un- Xak., see u d ~ t - ,udlp-, etc.; later (of a limb)
sufixed case or Acc.) a t a m u g w a q t 'a 'to become numb', (in colloquial English 'to
predetermined time 63: xlv Mrrh.0) sammd go to sleep'); also, more generally, 'to become
am:- Rif. 110 (only): Fag. xv ff. a t a - (-dl negligent or slothful'. S.~.a.m.l.g. usually
etc.) ( I ) atn-, ado-, ad koy- 'to name'; (2) meaning 'to clot, curdle'; 'to sleep' only in
 DIS. ADC
NE and S W (clwwhere displaced in this mean- phr. 1033; taplnsa Bter b e g t a p u g g
ing by der. f . 8 like uykula-). It is sometimes h a q q m 'if a servant is obedient, his master
possible to he confused hetweerr der. f s ol xives him his due' 597; a.o.0. of h a q q Bte-
this verb and those of which has the 1478. 1560, 1593, etc.: X I I I ( ? Tef.
) Bde-l6te-
opposite meaning 'to he awake'. Tiirkii v111 'to pay (a deht); to perform one's duty (to
(for the snke of thP Tiirku people) tun God)' 242, Z S I : X I V Muh. addd'l-dayn 'to pay
u d r m a d ~ mkiit~tiizo l u r m a t l ~ m' 1 did not a debt' borc 6:de- M P ~22, . 4 (R$ 102 bo:rc
slccp hy night or rest by day' I E 27, 11 E 2 2 ; b6r-); inqngii'l-dayn 'to settle a deht' bo:rc
t u n ucjlmatl: kUntCiz olurmatl: 'withou~ 6:de:- 23, R ; B:te:- 104: Gap,. xv ff. ate- id6
sleeping at night or sitting down during thr. kardan 'to pay (a debt), fulfil (a duty)' San.
day' 7' 51-2: v111ff. ud1:gmag odgu:ru: 61r. 10: Xwar. xrlr ote- 'to pay' 'Ali 49:
yat1glr:g turguru: yor1:yu:rmen 'I go XIII(?)k6k tegrike m e n Otedfm 'I have
ahout wakinu the sleepers and rousing those given what was due to high heaven' Og.75: xrv
who are lying down' IrkB p o : Uyg. v111ff, (whoever borrows money and fails) borcmr
Man. T T I11 160 (1 U:): Bud. a z udzg 'sleep a t e m e k k e 'to repay his debt' Nahc. 409, 1 5 :
a little' PP 55, 5 ; udryu y a t m q o g u h 'his Krp. xrv ar& 'to pay a debt' 6:de- BuL 3ov.:
son who lay asleep' U 11164, I ; yatlp udzyur xv awfd ote- Tuh. gb. I I ; wafd ditto. bte-
erken Suu. 620, 16-17: Civ. (he must drink 38b. 8: O s m . xvm 6de- (and ode$-) in
the medicine and) udi@ 01 H I 20; ug,tyu Rumi, id6 knrdan; also metaph. mukdjdt '(to
u m a s a r 11 8, 41: Xak. X I e r udr:dl: the give) compensation, recompense' San. 66v. 13.
man (etc.) slept' (ndma) KO$. 111 259 (udxr,
udz:ma:k); ICD (God does not walk about or W:- Hap. leg.; the connection of this word
lie down or) udzmaz 17; many 0.0.: X I I I Tef. with iit- is obvious, hut cannot be explained
U@-, uzr-, uyu- 'to sleep' 321, 322, 324: X I V morphologically; K q . clearly distinguished
Muh. na'asa 'to doze' u:y- (?u:yu-) M @ / .31, between the two verbs, and regarded litiig
15; Rif. I 16; al-na'ds u:yumak 37, 3; 123; as derived from W:-, not iit-. Xak. XI 01
winto u:yu- 41, 7 ; uyu:- 131; ndma u:d~:- to:nug iiti:di: ahraqa zi'bira'l-lamb bi-ha-
(sir) 115 (only): Gag. xv ff u y u - ( - p ) uyu- dtda wa mulInsahu 'he ironed the nap of the
Vrl. 124 (quotn.); uyu- (spelt) xwdh hurdarr garment with an iron and pressed it flat' Kay.
'to sleep', also called uykula- .Tan. got. 2 111252 (Uti:r, ut1:me:k).
(quotns.); Uy- (in the same entry as 0:y-)
zaxm hnstnrz aw mdst hastnn 'to form a scab; Dis. ADC
to coagulate' 8r)r. 18: Xwar. X I I I uy- (or
uyu- ?) 'to sleep' 'Ali 29: xr~r(?)(he pitched D atag J3irn. f. in -g fr. ata:; 'little, i.e. dear,
his tent and) giik bolup uyu t u r d l 'settled father'; in the first two passages below the
down quietly to sleep' 02. 136: xlv U@-, word has been read as a proper name, Tagam,
uyl-, uyu- 'to sleep' Qutb t95, 197; hi$ but this is almost certainly an error. Tiirkii
udrmassen 'you never sleep' Nahc. 289, 9; v111 bilge: ataczrn yogtg k o r ~ g ~ g n lko-
:
'Sqllnlg u d l m a k l 'the sleep of a wise man' [ r ~ d i l m'my wise, dear father, I held your
(is better than the wakefulness of a fool) 423, funeral feast and enclosed(?) your grave plot'
4: K o m . X I V 'to sleep' uyu- C C I , CCG; Gr. Ongin 12; the word has also been restored in
264 (quotns.): Kzp. X I I I ndma mitin'l-nawni line I of the Supplementary Inscr.: v111ff.
u:yi:- I3ou. 44, I : Bulgar, X I V udu- ndmn Ven. amtz: ataglmka: adrrndlm (?read
and in other languages u p - Id.
KID SIV uyl- ndma, and in the TurkistHni
see 1 idi:): adrlldlm) 'I have now been parted from my
dear father' Mal. 32, 14: Xak. XI a t a g ogu:l
language (sic) U&-, as we said ahove fd. 26: jobi muta$ayyix ha'annahu abu'l-qamm 'a boy
xv mdnm (of a limb) 'to go numb' uyu- who behaves like an old man, as if he was the
Tuh. rgn. 9. father of the clan' Kay. 1 5 2 .
ote:- (ode:-) basically 'to carry out an obliga- VU ete$ Hap. leg.; neither this nor the A.N.
tion', hence ( I ) 'to carry out one's ohtipations (Conc. N.) are vocalized in the MS., but as
to God', e.g. by offering prayer nt proper the Suff. of the latter is -1ik the vowels must
t h e n ; ( 2 ) 'to carry out one's obligations to he front ones. Xak. X I eteq a!-mardnh, wa
superiors' by giving what is due to them; hiya'l-hufratu'llati yaI'ab fih-'l-&dn bi'l-corm
(3) 'to pap a debt'. Survives in some SE, S C 'the target for throwing things, that is the hole
(Ota-), NW, and SW languages; Az., Osm. in which children throw when playing the nut
ode-, Tkm. o:de-. Uyg. v111 S. Man. (these game' Kaf. 1 5 2 .
wicked men) ii$ yavlak yolta o z 8tek
ateyiir 'repay their debts (metaph.) in the D etcl: N.Ag. f . et; 'butcher'; this word was
three evil ways' T T 1116, 22-4; Btek b 6 r l m read a t p by Arat in KB, but the context
btemekleri e r s e r 'as for their paying their strongly suggests that this is an error; atcl: is
debts (Hend.)' ditto 17, 85-7: Xak. XI 01 otherwise unknown, and e t ~ i :n.0.a.b. Xak.
an19 a l l m m ote:di: qadd daynahu 'he paid X I KB (I dreamt that I was climbing a staircase
his debt to him'; (in a verse) tegrkgerii: and) bagmda b i r etqi m a g a s u v b6riir 'at
tapgin 6te:r 'he performs his duty to God' the head of it a butcher gave me water to
Kay. I11 252 (ote:r, 0te:me:k): K 3 m u n q drink' (I drank it down and then flew off to
gukrl e m d l neteg Bteyzn 'how can I now heaven) 6035; (in the interpretation) 01 etgi
give (adequate) thanks for this?' 3 9 0 ; simiIar t u r u r k b r atallglarlg ataslz krllgll ay
 DIS. ADC
kllkl a r l g : ol etql t u r u r kiir C t i l n ~ i $ l e r i g Dls. ADI>
huzup,li y o r ~ t m a g l ~c a n l l g t i r l g 'that a p u t l ~ a s i c a l l'3~ hendful', Imt ronictirncs used
hrhcher, oh ~ i r t r l n u sman, is the one who for 'the pnlni rrf thc hatid', which is properly
makcs those !rho hnve fathers fatherless; that a y a : ; had :I vcr y uririw:~I ph~mctic history;
h t c h r r I S t h r Innn \rho destro!.? what has under tlic inlhtc~,ccof t h r - U - t l -c!- ~ ~hcnriic
Iicen set in nrcler and does not leave mrrrtals -v-1-W- instond of - y - , nntl, p c ~ h a p s as
alivc' b o j j - 0 : s ~ v
Alrrlr.(?) qossdb etcl: (rim) compensation, the - t becanre -S :IS early 35 X I
Rif, 157 (onlv): K I P . \;l11 01-rnzz6r 'butcher' ( K n ) . S i.a.rn.1 p. ill a \virlc varictv of forms.
etcl: Horr. 23, 2 1 ; ~d-lt~!l!~irn 'meat-seller' one N E 'l'uv. ad^$; I'rJl. 42, vcry archnic; sonic
etqi: jo, 20. much abrxled NE a u t s , o : ~ n:$, , U:$ R I 81,
1138, 11-19, 1772; SE'Tar. o:q N I 1 r 3 3 ; KC
D udqr: N.Ag. fr. u : d ; 'ox-herd'; survives as Krr. U:$; l<zx. 111s; elscwhcrc usually a v u c
u y ~ . ~ / u y qinu NI: I<I 1604 and N C Km. o r the like. U y g . v r r ~ f f . Bud, a y a p a 9
U y g . v111IT. nud. x a n u f l q ~ s t 'the king's b e r m i $ a d u t q n s u v t u t m t ? 'giving a pnlmful
or-herd' PP 65, I ; u d p e r 66. 3. of food rrr hnlding a handful c>f water' S r o .
I) otc1: Sec ota:qi:. 168, 23; Sanskrit inus!irrri 'with a handful'
a:dut (spclt a:tudh) iize: [gap] T T V l l I C.14:
X a k . X I acjut 0[-11aj,to 'a handful'; one says
Tris. ADC bi:r a f l u t tle:o 'n handful of ronictliir~g',that
11 o t a : q ~ :1)cv. N . A g fr. 2 otn:-; 'physician'. is what will fill the palm (ntil'tr'l-kaff) Kag. I
I,.-W. in hInnp. as otnri/nto~t (Koro. 383. go; n w u t dialect form (lrrir~)nf n d u t for
'handful' I 82: K I I i ~ k u $ s u zkl$I h i r avuqqa
..
I f n l ~ o d79), which is prob. the origin of NE
l u v . o t l u p ~f n l . 300; otherwise survives t e t i k ':I man without undcrstandmp i~ only
only(?) in SLY X\: Anat. o t a c l l o t p S L j D a trifle intcllipent' 297: X I I I ( ? ) Trf. aWuG
l o q j - r . U y g . v111ff. Chr. o t a $ l e m y i U 1 7 , 'handful' 36: @g. xv ff. n w u g ha//-i dast
3 ( 2 o t ) : RIan.-A o t a q t 'phycician A l , I 15, 6: 'the palm of the hand' San. 5 3 v 2 (quotn.); in
Bud. biitiin b a l t k t n k r o t a q t l a r all the a Qapida in the Vienna MS. of K B , Malov
physicians in the town' l1 III 4 1 , 5 ; am. Srrv. I4lnn.atnihi drevnetyurkshoi pis'nt~nnosti
. ~ o I ,5: Civ. o t a p l a r baxrjllar 'physicians 342 ff. b i r a v u q y a l k a 'as trifling wages'
and religious trachers' If 11 8, 25: xrv C h i n - (God p a w man a soul) 27: X w a r . x ~ va v u F
'handful' Qutb 16: K o m . xrv o u r ( ? for
C!I:$. Ilicl. 'physician' ot$l R l I I 19; L i g ~ t i
189: X a k . X I (after 2 o t al-daird') hence o w u q ) 'handful' C C I ; Gr.: K t p . xlv al-
-(tafrra a w u q (cbt) Bul. 9, I 3: xv qnbdn wa
01-!nhib 'physician' is called ota:q~:Kaf 1 3 : , 8 ;
I ZOO,22 (eniiq1e:-): KB o t a p t e r ~ l d i the q/mfm 'handful' a w u q (civr) 7 i t l t . z8h. I I ;
physicians assembled' 1057 ; 0.0. 1065, 2109, a h ~ a ditto 3 0 b 9; r$~atr~'l-hafj' uvil-qabpa
ay&(n) 'palrri of the hand', also 'handful'
4631: srv Alrrlt. nl-philr o : t a : p : (cirn) Afel. a w g (sic, cim) K m . 61, 2 : Osm. X I V ff. a v u q
58. 6 ; R$ 156: (Gag. s v f f . o t a q l yaylriq
'wninier station'; otaqt S l t a y the name of an 'palm of the hand' in several texts 7'TS I 54:
&heg clan (rirr@) Son. far. 8; otoql in the
I1 6 9 ; I V 289; x v r l ~a v u c o y u n l , in Rlirni, a
Rlnnpulian language rneans fiknstnband 'bonc- kind of ganthling panic (qivrrir) which consists
in taking smne thinps in nnc hand and askinp
setter' hzv. 7 ; the first cntry secnls to be an
:~ttetiiptto explain the first word of thc clan 'odd o r even'. If the other puesscs wrong he
nanir, in this contest it rnay hnve meant loses Son. '35 3.
'pnstnrnlist'; the last cntry is the 'Turkish word IXs. V. ADD-
rehorrowed from hlonp.): X w a r . s ~ ov t a q l
'physician' Qutb 120: K o m . s l v 'physician' l ) a t a t - ( a t a d - ) Hap. lcp.; Den. \'. 111 -a(!-.
otaql (:(:C; C r . : Klp. X I I I 01-mhih o:ta:cp: Intrans., fr. 2 a t . X a k . xr ta:y a t a t t t : 'the
Ilorr. 23, 9 : x ~ vo f p : (one R1S. ofaql:, cirn) foal grew to rnaturitv(tnfnrmsn), that is WRS
01-tobib Id. 15: s v Ttrh. 2 3 b 7 (see iqe:gii:): reckoned tn he a horse'; (prou.) ta:y a t a t s a :
Osm. s ~ ff. v o t a p (perhaos sometimes to be at t1nu:r o@xl e r e d s e : ata: t i n u : r 'when the
read o t ~ t occurs) in several texts down to xvrr, foal grows to maturity, the horse has a rest;
T T S 1 550; 11 736; 111 549; I V 613; XVrII when the son grows to maturity the father has
o t p ('with -F-') fabib wa m r r A , ('surgeon') in a rest' K q .I 2 0 6 (verse; no Aor. o r Infin.).
I'e. hizirk San. 62r. I I.
1) e d e & Ilap. leg. (?) ; Den. V. in -e+,
VL'l) eteqlik I l a p , les.; A.N. (Conc. N.) fr. I n t n n s . , fr. c:?; 'to thrive' o r the like. U y g .
eteg, q.v. X a k . XI eteqlik at-ntoayfi'~r'lladi v111 ff. Man. (plants and trees come into
j.n/tfar fi/ri'Lrnnr&lr li'l-lrr'bi'l-rocoz 'the place yistence) koluqjalarl u l g a d u r e d e d i i r o g i r e r
in which the target for throwing things is d u g their younE shoots grow, thrive, and rejoice'
for the nut game' Kng. I 151. Wind. 249, 8-9.
(D) e t e t - Hap. leg. X a k . XI 01 ant: etetti:
1) o t a q ~ l ~ A.N. k (Conc. N.) fr. ota:$l:; nmqn'nhu fi rrtuqdsiti'l-rni!rnn 'he put him in a
n.o.a.h. XJyg. v111ff. R l a n . - A h l r d a s p n t t e g r i - seriot~sdifficulty' Kai. 1 207 (ete:tDr (sic) ;
l e r n i g otaqllikt 'the place of healing of the etetme:k).
h l ~ r d l s p e n t~ n d s 'hf I 27. 33: O s m . XIv ff.
.-- ..... "..A -...
o t n c ~ l t k(or o t q l l t k ? ) 'medical treatment' in
*--+ T T C T r r n . I T
n e t i t - (edit-) CRLIS. f. ~ : t -N.o.a.b., . cf.
--a 3-7 d t r i i r - 1Tu6 t ~ r r rHrdIn n n t a . dhtrl4m ' T horl
my throne set LIP therc' $U. '.' H ; :I U . S same phr. but k a m g a t ( t ) ~ : I1 E 30: v111fl
10
(6rgi:n). Man. (seeing with our eyes . . . touching with
our hands) a d a k m yorlp 'walking with our
D u&t- Caus. f. of ud1:-; lit. 'to put (someone legs' Chuas. 314; (his clothing) b a s t a n (m)
Acc.) to sleep'; with various metaph. meanings ac_lak(k)a tegi 'from head to foot' M 1 5 ,
like 'to extinguish (a fire); to make (milk) 13: Uya. v111f f him.-A. (as the eye is dear)
curdle'. S.i.a.m.l.g., usually as uyut-, but NI; a J a k k a 'to the legs' (and the hand to the
Koib., Kac;., Sag., Sor uzut- R 11770; Khak. niouth) M l 23, 5; a.o. 17, 19 ( l U:$): Man.
ditto; Tuv. udut-. Uyg. vrlr S. Civ. igligig bavtln berD a d a k k a tegi 'from head to foot'
u d i t m l g k e r g e k 'you must put the sick man (perhaps metaph. 'from beginning to end')
to sleep' II I1 33, 222: Xak. X I ol meni: M 1 30, 24-5: Bud. cllgin a d a k ~ nbeklep
udlttl: anritnatti 'he put me to sleep'; and one 'binding him hand and foot' PP 63, 5; (of a
says 01 y u g r u t u d ~ t t r : rawwaba'l-rd'ib 'he bull) t 6 r t adakln 'his four legs' do. 65, 5 ; 0.0.
curdled the yogurt'; and ope says 01 udltma: U 11 24, 2; U I11 35, 10; T T V l l l (several):
u d ~ t t ~cabbana'l-cubunn
: he made #the curd Civ. a d a k a g r ~ g k ae m 'a remedy for a pain
cheese'; and one says 01 o t u d ~ t t l :he extin- in the legs' 11 I 137; a.0. T T 1 198 ( a p a m ) ;
guished (a~fa'a)the fire' Kng. I 207 (no Aor. (in certain circumstances) Bulmtgka ton etiik
or Infin.); b u o t 01 klg1:ni: udrtga:n 'this a d a k bag bCrmezmen 'I shall give Rulmig
drug always puts (people) to sleep' (~urqid)I no clothing or foomear at all' USp. 51, 7
I54,20: K B o t u g s u v uditaa yana tirliimez (adak bag seems to be attached ungram-
'if water extinguishes the fire it cannot come matically to the previous words); 0.0. H I1 30,
to life again' 2396; (carelessness) u d ~ t u kigig
r 189; T T VII z r , 4; 25, 4: XIV Chin.-C7jg.
'puts a man to slcep' 5267; 0.0. 2373, 5266, Dict. 'his foot' a d a k ~Ligeti 125: Xak. XI
5448: XIV Muh. (ntima uyu:-); nawwama a d a k 01-rid 'leg, foot' Kag. 1 65; a y a k al-
~ a y r a h uu:yu:t- MP!. 41, 7 ; uyu:t- R$. 131: -qadmn 'foot' dialect form (luga) of a d a k 184;
Gag. xv ff. uyut- xw6l~andan'to put to slecp' in the Chapter on phonetics 1 32, 3 ff. it is
San. 9or. 21 (quotn.): K o m . x ~ vuyut- 'to said that the Cigil and other (genuine) Turks
let (someone) sleep' CCG; Gr.: KIP. X I I I call a/-rid a d a k and some K ~ p ~ a kthe ,
nawwama &yrahrc u:y~t- ITou. 44, I : xv Yemc:k, Suwa:r, Bul&:r, and other peoples
(raqada yat-) raqqada [ ?wa rawwaba omitted] stretching to al-RGs and al-KBm call it a z a k ,
'I-Iaban 'to put to sleep, [and to curdle?] milk' and (by implication) the Y a b a : , Tuxsi:,
uyut- Tuh. 17a. 11-12: O s m . X V I uyut- (other) K1pc;ak. Yaba:ku, Tata:r, Ka:y, Cumul
(-y-written with k6f)'to curdle (milk)', in one and Oguz a y a k ; about 40 0.0. of a d a k ,
text T T S I11 7 2 5 usually al-rid or al-qadam, nearly always
spelt ada:k: XIII(?) At. (by fate the thorn
T r i s . ADD pierces)adakka 'the foot'.455 ; Tef. adaklayak
D udltma: Pass. Dev. N. fr. u d ~ t - .I'ec. to 'leg, foot'40,44: xlv Rbg'. a d a g (mis-spelt a@)
Kas. Xak. X I u d ~ t m a al-cubu~mu'l-roll
: 'moist 'foot' R 1478; Muh. al-rid aya:g Mel. 48, 6 ;
curd cheese' Kaj. 1 143; a.o. I z o 8 , 3 (udlt-). aya:k Rif. 142; in the phonetic passage Afel.
7, 9-1 I ; Rij. 79 (which is corrupt and should
T r i s . V. ADD- he restored as follows) it is said that the Turki-
stank call a[-qn'b 'leg' apa:g/aQa:k and the
D adutla:- Den. V. fr. a d u t . Like that word Turks of our country aya:g/aya:k: Gag. xv ff.
s.i.a.m.l.g. in a wide range of Sec. f.s, often ayaglayak pliy 'foot' Vel. 39; ayaglayak p i
meaning 'to grasp, or squeeze, in the palm of San. 57'. 5 (quotn.); a d a k (sic) 'a wooden
the hand'. Xak. XI 01 yarrna:k adutla:d~: object (pibi) like a cart which they make For
!1afanabl-mculu'l-dirhamfi kafiihi 'the man children, so that they may be put into them and
took a handful of money'; also used for learn to walk' 33' 29 (no doubt the Mong.
garafa'l-tnd'fi yadihi 'to scoop up water with I.-W. rcborrowed): X w a r , xrIl a y a k 'foot'
one's hands' K q . I 299 (adutla:r, adut1a:- 'Ali 13: xlrr(?) a d a k i u d a d a k ~t e g 'his legs
ma:k): Gag. xvff. awucla- (so spelt) hn-
were like an ox's legs' 02.12; a.o.0.: xrv a d a k
-kaff-i dast girifian 'to take in the palm of the 'leg, foot' Qutb 3; a y a k do. 6 ; a d a k MN 106;
hand' San. 53r 11 (quotn.). a y a k do. r I g, etc.; (he walked looking at)
a d a k q a 'his feet' hrahc. 237, 12: Kip. x m
(after a list of parts of the leg) macmt'u'l-ricl
a d a k originally rather indefinitely 'leg, foot'; 'the leg as a whole' aya:k Hou. 21, 9 ; xrv
in some contexts one meaning seems to be a d a k oi-ricl in B u l g a r , elsewhere pronounced
required to the exclusion of the other, in others a y a k fd. 9 (cf. 1 icji:. ud1:-): sv a/-ricl aya:g
vice versa. Ijecame a ].-W. m Mong. as adak Kav. 61, 9 : ricl a y a k Tuh. 16b. 8 : O s m .
(Kow. 68, Ifaltod 15) but apparently only in mv R. a y a k in numerous phr. and idioms
the metaph. meanings 'the foot (of a mountain) T T S 154-7; I1 71-5; 11148-51; IC751-6.
the end, or niouth (of a river); end; final'.
S.i.a.m.l.g., usually ns a y a k or the like, in its 1 ad18 'hear' (animal). S.i.a.ni.l.p. in various
original nimning; but in some l a n g u a ~ eodak ~ forms. usually a y ~ l a y u cf.
, Shcherhak, p. 130;
was reborrowed fr. Mong. with the meanings sometimes also with metaph. meanings like
current in that language. Tiirkii vrlr Tiirkii 'the constellation of the Great Dear', and, in
bodun a d a k kamgatdl: 'the Tilrkii people Osrn. 'a clumsy fellow'. Cf. 2 apa:. T h e Mong.
let their feet waver' (and began to panic) I N 7; equivalent 6iegr is mentioned, as such, in
 DIS.
San. 6zr. 19 but does not seem to havc heen 'my own land, my sacred land' Mol. 42, I :
used as a I.-\\. in 'I'urklsh. I'iirku vllrff. Xak. X I rduk krrll jrry' itrtrh~rok 'anything
adaglr: toguszll: 'a bear and a boar' I r k n 6: blessed'; its o r i ~ mis that any animal which is
Uya. xlv Chin.-Uyg. Did. 'bear' a d l g Ligeti set free ( y ~ ~ s o ~isy hcallcd
) ~ d u k its
; bnck is
125: Xak. X I ad@ al-drrbb 'bear' K q . l 63 not londed nor its udders milked nor its fleece
(prov., which also occurs in I 332, 12): (KB shorn because of a vow incumlx-tit on its
a d ~ g l a y u'like a bear' 231 I ) : X I V Mtth. nl-dubb owner: rduk ta:g of-cahnltr'l-tttdni'11'1-(awil
ayuglayu Mrl. 72, 4; ayl:g Rif. 174: Gag. 'an inaccessible long mountain' K q . 1 6 5 : KB
xv ff. a y ~ e l a y ~ l'the
c nn~malcalled nyr' V!/. l d u k k u t 'the blessed fnvour of heaven' (not
39-40 (quotns.); ayrglayrk xirr 'hear', In as a titlc) is fairly cwnrnon, 343, 354, 1 3 3 5 ,
Ar. drlbb Soir. j 7 7~ (quotn.): O ~ U ZKlp., , etc.; ~ d u kalso occurs i l l other contexts, e.g.
Yagmn: xr ay19 al-dlrbb, dialect form (&a) of of beglik 1y6o: X I V Mrth.(?) ul-qadd wa'l-qndr
ad@ Kag. I 84: Xwar. xlrr(?) (the infant 'destiny, fate' 1yr:k Rif, 189.
Oguz's) koguzu a d u g kogtizii t e g 'chest was
like a bear's chest' 0g. 13-14; a.o.0.: Kom. ?D ota:g (?oda:g) originally 'a small tem-
X I V 'bear' ayu C C I ; G . : KIP. xlv a y u ol- porary building'. S.i.a.rn.l.g., the idea of
-dubb kd. 26; B d . 10, 13: x v ditto. T~rh.15b. temporariness prevailing in NE and SE, and
3; Kaa. 62b. 6. smallness elsewhere. Morphologically a Dev.
N. in -8, possibly fr. 1 ota:- with the connota-
D 2 a d l g Lkv. N.j.4 S fr. 2 *ad-, which tion of a place to light a fire in (see Mith.
survived as ay- 'to make (so~ncone)sober' in below). T h e Ostn. form o d a suggests a con-
W
: Osm. 7'TS I1 82; 111 54; originally lit. nection with 1 ota:- and so 1 o:t (o:d). See
sober', that is not drunk; later sometimes Doprfm I1 489. Xak. XI 0ta:gka: 6pkele:p
metaph. 'sober-minded, sensible'. S.i.a.m.l.g, sllke: s6:zle:me:dtik (sic, ?rend s&zle:me:-
usually as ayrk or the like, except SE. S C di:) Bndiba 'alri'l-aqrtinihi fi'l-xayma fa-md
nhere it has been displaced by Pe. h t ~ g ~ d r . taknllnma bo'dahrc mn'o'l-cttitd 'he got angry
Xak. xr adrg al-fdhi minas[-sukr 'sober (free) with his neighbours in the tent nnd thereafter
from intoxication'; hence one says e s r u k did not talk to the army' K q . 111 208, 13;
adlk 'drunk and sober' Kag. 1 6 3 : XII(?)Tef. n.m.e. : K B (he became acquainted with people
a d u g 'cautious' 41: X I V Mtrh. al-p$Ji aylkl and) o t a g t u t t ~ozke 'took R small house for
a y u k ivlel. 55, I ; in Rif. 152 wa'l-!rZzim 'and himself' 499; e t s e o t a g l isi 'if he puts his
resolute' is added and the word mis-spelt domestic affairs in order' 2562: xrv R&. (if you
'aph Gag. xv ff. ayrk h u ~ y i r'sober' Vel. 39; leave Joseph) otagda 'in the tent' R I 1104:
ayiglaylk hrrfytir San. 57v 10: (Xwar. xlv Mth. al-mawqid 'fireplace' o:ta:g Mel. 76, 10;
ayiglrk 'sobriety' Qutb 6): Klp. X I I I nl-fdhi Rif. 180 (there may be a small omission here,
(opposite to 'drunk' esrii:k) aylk Hou. 26, 15: o:ca:g translating al-mawqid and some Ar.
xrv ayuk at-ftilzi Id. 26: xv pihi a y ~ kTuh. word to be translated by o:t?:g); Gag. xv ff.
22b. 4; 4 7 b 12: O s m . x ~ vff.a y l g l a y ~ k'sober' otaglotak rardy-i nijimon dwelling house'
in several texts T T S I1 78; I V 57. abbreviated in R ~ i ~ ntoi #oda San. 621. 8:
S a d u k See agduk. Xwar. x r r ~ o t a g 'tent' Ali 12; XIV ditto
Qutb 120: Krp. x ~ vo t a k is used for al-xoymn
D lduk Dev. Pass. N.1A.S. fr. I:$- ; lit. 'sent', 'tent' and 01-walan fi'l-bnrriyn 'a place where
but used only in the sense of 'sent, i.e. dedi- one lives in the desert'; they say otakln kanl:
cated, to God', hence 'sacred' in a more general ayna mnnziI~tk'where do you live?' id. 15:
sense; the phr. l d u k k u t 'the sacred fnvour of v otaglotak (possibly taken from
Osrn. x ~ ff.
heaven' was early adopted ns n royal title by some cognate language) occurs at all periods
some tribes; in course of time its origin was with the specific meaning of a 'tent belonging to
forgotten, and in Son. it is spelt idi k u t and a distinguished person' T T S I 551; I1 737;
given n false etymology (see 1 W ) . Survives 111550; I V 613: o d a (sometimes in xrv o d a g
in various forms, lylk, 1:k. lzlk, etc. In I1 716) meaning more vaguely 'tent, dwelling,
NE, NC, and SW xx Anat. SDD 777, 1098. is also common I 535; I1 715-16; (but most
T u r k u v111 (the Tiirku divinity on high thus of the occurrences of o d a in T T S are the Dat.
set in order) tiirkii l d u k y&i: SUVI: 'the of 1 o:t (o:d)): x v ~ or d a (spelt both with final
sacred Turkii territory' I E 10, 11E 10; l d u k aIif and final Ad) in Rtimi, abbreviation and
yer s u v I I E 35; T 38: rduk O t u k e n y19 corruption of o t a g xrina uw sarciy 'house,
'the sacred Otiiken mountain forest' I E 23 dwelling' Son. 66v. 15 (quotn.).
( I I E 19); Basm11 rduk(k)ut 'the Iduk kut of
the Basmd' 11E z g : rduk ba$ a place yame II D u d ~ kN.1A.S. fr. U&:- 'sleepy, aslee .
E 25: Uyg. V I I I l d u k bag kedinte: west of N.o,s.b.; in the medicval period displaced
Iduk Bn$' ~ I IB. 9: vrrr ff. Man. rduk kagrmlz u y k u (a contraction of *udl:gu: or the like)
p;
'our sacred father' T T 11118, 20; 0.0. do. 57, which occurs in Xwar., C@., I<om., Klp., and
108; &l(l)igimiz lduk k u t 'our king the I#uk Osm. fr. X I I I onwards and s.i.n.m.l.g. Not
kut' AI III 35, Q. 14 and 19; l d u k o r g i n 'the to be confused with n p u g which has exactly
sacred throne' do. 35, 18: Bud. l d u k 'sacred' the opposite meanrnK. Uyg. vrlr R. Man.'A
is fnirly common, Strrt. 349, 3; 447, 15; USp. katlglnnag k l m u r k c uc_lukun snklan-
43, 8: Civ. U S p . 40 and 41 are documents of m a k a n eregler b u b i r o c i g u r u g l ~d m k u t i
a late period nddressed to t d u k k u t tegrike- tegrike 'strive t r ) keep yourselves from long
n l m l z : 0. KIT. 1s ff. fiz y e r i m t d u k y e r i m sleep for this one God of the majesty of the
faith who rouses (men)' M 111 9, 6-8: Hud. uikalpa 'attachment (to this world)'; a ].-W.
Sanskrit rtyinamiddhamca 'inertia and apathy' with the same meaning in hlong. ( K m . 62,
u d l k (spelt utik) U y e m e TT VIII A.13; and, with altered meanings, Halfod r6).
(another danger is this) t a l l m b a h k u d u k Survwes only(?) rn NE Tel. R I 464; Tuv.
e r k e n s a k l a r n a d i n t u g a r alkunl kern1 Pal. 71 a t k a k 'the barb of a fish-book; the
blrle s i ~ l i r i l r'you may inadvertcntly bump gills of a fish'. Uyk. vrrr ff. Man. (you have
into a predatory fish (Sanskrit mahara) when turned mankind away from evil +ds and)
itis asleep, and it will swallow everyone includ- y a f g l n m q ilinmlg a t k a g t i n from the
ing the ship' PP 17, 1: X a k , xr al-raculu'l- attachments which fasten and tie them (to
-warnin, 'a slecpy man' is called udlk e r Kas. this world)' TT III 27-8.
1 6 5 : KB negil 01 i g i ~e m d i u d k q neteg
'how is your illness, and how are you sleeping?' VU u t g u n Iiap. leg. Xak. X I u t g u n 'a broad
1069 (the two best AISS. read u y k u g and this strap on the left side of the saddle to which the
may be the right reading). buckle (halqa) of the girth is fastened and
/ secured with its tongue' Kay. I 107.
D o d u g (odog) N./A:S. fr. *od-; 'awake, a d g l r 'stallion'. A very early (First Period)
alert'. Apparently surv~vesonly in NE Tuv.
odug. There must have been an alternative ].-W. in Monp. as acirfa. S.i.a.m.l.g., usually
form *odgak which survives, perhaps in as a y g m or the like, see Shchcrbak, p. 87.
A c l r g a is listed in San. 3 2 ~ 5. specifically as
Xwar. xrv o y a g Qutb 115; Nahc. 15, 9 and
certainly in SC Uzb. uygok. Uyg. V I I I ff. a AIong. word meaning nor 'male' that isjahl
Bud. Sanskrit jligarato 'for the man who is 'stallion'; the latter word was corrupted to fucl
awake' oQog (spelt otog) e r m e k t e : Byen TT 'horse-radish' in some intermediate authority,
VIII E.24-5 (damaged); Sanskrit ptalijrgareta and the word with that meaning appears in
'let him be awake' odog (spelt odhauh) some later authorities $S. 5 ; R I 510; Sami
erkillilk 01 do. R.41: Xak. xr o d u g e r al- 22, etc. See Doerfer I1 648. TiirkU v111 a k
-raculu'l-yaqzin 'a man who is wide awake'; adg~r~ 'a gwhite stallion' I E (35). 36: vlrz ff.
6 g i i r i : ~ e :kut1u:g a d g m m e n '1 am a stallion
and they call a man with an alert mind (al-
-raculu'l-mrrfayyaqi~uUI-qalb) o d u g k6gUlllig fortunate in his stud' IrkB 56: Uyg. vrrr ff. Civ.
e r , that is 'an intelligent man' (01-raculu'l- a c i g t r n ~ gsigirin alzp 'take the sinew of a
-ja!in) Kaj. 1 6 3 : K B s a k t u r o d u g 'stand up stallion' H 1 7 6 : xrv Chin.-Uyg. Dict. 'stallion'
a y g l r R I 15; Ligeti 127: Xak. xr a d g l r
alert and wakeful' 1452; 8.0. 2354: XIII(?)Tef.
o d a g 'wakeful' 233. fahlu'l-xayl, 'stallion' Kay. I 95; many 0.0.:
K B a d g m is mentioned as the name of a star,
D u d u g N. A. fr. u:d-; 'obedience, respectful possibly Sirius, in 5676, 6220: x~rr(?)Tef;
service', or the like. N.0.a.b. in the Hend. a d g i r 'stallion' 40: xrv Muh. a/-hifan 'stallion
t a p l g u d u g . Uyg. v111ff. Bud. (then for seven a y g l r Mel. 69, I 2; Rif. I 70; nl-farqad6n, '8 and
days the prince) M a r tapagln udugln y in Ursa Minor' a k aygrr 79, 10; 184: Gag.
aqadl 'enjoyed the service and obedience of xv ff. a y g l r fahl-i nar 'stallion' San. 5 7 r 28:
the dragons' PP 50, 4-5; t a p a g l n udugln O g u z XI (in an O$JZ proverb) aygrrfahl Kay.
e g s l i t m e s e r 'if he does not diminish his ser- 111122, 16: Xwar. xrrr(?) a y & 'stallion'. 02.
vice and obedience' U II 15, 12-13; Btledi 373, and 0.0. of a k a y g i r : Klp. xrrr ol-fah1
erlgledi t a p ~ gu d u e k ~ l g u k a'he advised a y g l r Hou. 12, 6 : xrv a y g i r al-hifin. Id. 27;
and exhorted them to give service and obe- al-fi'ri'l-yaindniya. 'Sirius' a k a y g l r Bul. 2,
dience' TT VII 14, 3; 0.0. U 1 2 6 , I ; U I V 14; xv al-fah1 a y g i r Kaa. 61, 20; &$dn a y g l r
48, 76. Tuh. 13a. 3.
D o d g u ~N.I. fr. 1 o:t (o:d). Survives only(?) . D ~ S V. . ADC-
in S.E. Tijrki otkaq 'dry shavings, etc. sold D a t i k - (adtk-) Intrans. Den. V. fr. I a:t
ready packed for kindling material', Shaw 17. (a:d) lit. 'to be named', but usually 'to have a
Xak. xr o d g u ~a[-yu'ia mina1[-ndr 'a fire- (good or bad) reputation'. Survives only(?) in
brand' Kas. I 95; o t u g o d g u s birle: Bqiir- SW xx Anat. a d ~ k - l a t l k -'to have a good, or
me:s 'you cannot put out a fire with kindling bad, reputation' SDD 71, 124: Xak. XI KB
material' 1 1 7 7 , s ; a.o.1248.6 (evrie-); in the a t l k m i g isiz 6lse 'if n notorious sinner dies'
last two occurrences mis-spelt oh&. 246; similar phr. 928: Gag. xvff. at@p
adlanup 'named' Vei. 6: atlk- ncim&ardm wa
D atga:k Hap. leg.; Dev. N. fr. a t - but with mafhfir p d a n 'to have a name, be famous' Sm.
no close semantic connection; as according to jor. 11 (quotns.).
Brockelmonn, para. 52a,, this suffix is parti-
cularly used for plant names, the second *atka:- See atka:g, atkan-.
may be the original meaning and the others
metaph. extensions. Xak. XI atga:k al-&lir D a t k a n - Refl. f. of *atka:-; a Bud. (and
wa'l-qadanc 'bile, colic'; and n plant (nabt) hence Man.) technical term for 'to be attached'
with yellow flowers is called atga:k; used (to this world). N.0.a.b. Uyg. vrrr ff. Man.
metaph. for any face which is yellow with (pap) illtiteberii a t k a n l p 'being attached (to
grief (iffarra minrr'l-[rum) Kaf. I 1 18. this world) from the beginning' T T I11 43:
Bud. (they enter the five states of existence
D atka:g Dev. N. fr. *atka:-; used to trans- and) bB9 a j u n 01 t 6 p a t k a n m a z l a r yap-
late t h e Rud. (and later h4an.) technical term q m m a z l a r 'and so far as the five states of
existencc are cwcerncd they are not attached, one says atii:k~:yi trhhnj,y (and nna:kl: ya'
and do nnt cling to them' T T VI, p. 82, note unr~~ynm)I11 2 12
462, l. 5 ; a.o.o. in the same note; Swa. 595, 7.
D uc_lugyu: IIap. kg.(?); N.;\g. fr. u @ u ~ .
Uyg. v111ff. Bud. m e n tapagqlg uc_luRqug
bolaym m e n 'let nic becumc your obedient
I) ntgar- l'rans. Den. V. fr. 2 a t ; 'to help servant (IIend )' IJ III 83, 9.
(son~eoneArc.) to mount a horse'. Survii-es
nith the same and extended nieanings like 'to D a t k a g l ~ gI'.N./,\. fr. atka:g. Survives in
see oH (an honoured guest)' as ntkar- in NE NI.: 'I'uv. a t k a k t l g 'bnrhcd' (hunk, etc.) I'd.
Lcb., 'l'el. R I j 6 . t ; NC Klr. Xak. X I 01 men1 71. Uyg. v111fT. RIan. a t k a g h f t ft$ayI~R
atgnrdr: 'he iielpcd nie to rnount ('a16 rtrktib) megi1er 'ple:~suresof thc senses which attach
the horse (etc.); and made me niount' (nrko- (men to this world)' T T I11 121.
ban;) I 225 ( a t g a r u r , atgarma:k): D a d a k h g P.N./A. fr. a d a k ; 'having legs, or
~ I I I ( ?Tej.
) (Pharaoh) cerlg a t g a r d ~'made feet'; usually with a qualifying word 'having
his troops mount' 63. (so many) feet', etc. In one form or another
(?D) odgar- prima facie a Den. V. in -@r-, s.i.a.m.l.p. Tiirkii vr~rff. Man. (if I have
but there is no trace of *od; 'to recognize offended against) eki adakllg kiylke 'two-
(someone Acc.)'. Survives, nith much the same legged human beings' (or four-legged (tort
meanings, as oygor- in NE Tel. R 1971, and butlug) aninials) Chtias. 80: 0. K l r , rx ff.
NC k r . and uygar- in Iizx. Xak. XI 01 ant: t a r t a g a k ( l ~ R \ y ~ l k m l sekiz a d a k l ~ g
k6:dln oc_lgard~:arnfahri bn'd tafokkur wn b a r ~ m ~'my m four-footed livestock and my
mttdda 'he recognizcd him after a moment of eight-footed goods' Mal. I O , I O s; e k i z a d a k l ~ g
reflection' Kay. 1225 (odgarur, od8arma:k). b a r i m do. 11, 3 ; 42, 6 (the reference is
perhaps to eight-whccled wagons or eight-
D ot$ar- Trans. Den. V. fr. 2 o t ; 'to pasture strutted tents): Xak. XI a d a k l ~ gne:g fay' dti
(an animal Acc.), to drive (it) out to pasture'. ricl 'a thing possessing legs' Kny. I 147: KB
Survives in NE otkar-lottar- R I I I I I , k a m u g ii$ adakltg 'everything with three
I I 15; Khak. o t x n r - Rnr. 132; and S W (all) legs' (is stable) 802, 804: xlv flhth. &~nudttr'l-
o t a r - . Xak. X I ol a t o t f i a r d ~ :ra;f'l-famr 'he -arbn'a 'four-legged (anirnals)' do:rd nya:glu:
pastured the horse (etc.)' I225 (otgarur, Mel. 45, 6 ; Rif. 138 (second word corrupt).
otgarma:k): xrr~(?)Tpf. o t g a r - 'to pasture'
239: O s m . xrv ff. o t a r - 'to pasture' and D a d a k l ~ kA.N. (Conc. N.) fr. adak. Survives
occasionally, fr. xrlr onwards, 'to poison'; in S W Osm. a y a k h k 'stilt; anything used as
c.i.a.p. ?'?'S 1552; 11738; 111550; IV614. a foot or leg'. Xak. xr a d n k h k al-xapbrc'llafi
yrtto.mad nrit~lrdniqtc'l-'ari~ fi'l-ktrrtint 'wood
D odgur- Caus, f. of *od-; 'to wake (sonie- used to make vine-trellises in vineyards' Kay.
one rlcc.)'. Survives only in NE uskar-/US- 1149.
k u r - R I 17+7-8; Khak. u s x u r - Bas. 252
and S \ V Osm, u y a r - ; Tkni. oynr-. Other D n d ~ g l ~P.N./A.
g fr. 1 a d @ ; 'possessing, or
languages use some form of *odRat- (Caus. full of, bears'. In one form or another
Den. V. fr. odug) which first appears as s.i.m.m.1.g. Xak. XI a d t g h g ta:g 'a mountain
oygat-(loyat-) in Xwar. xlv Qrrtb 115; with many bears' (dibnba) K q . I 147.
C a b sv ff. Sort. 9ov. 26; Kip. xv Ttth. 6a. 5. D ~ d u k l u kFfap. leg.; A.N. (conc. N.) fr.
Tiirkii v111ff. IrkB 20 (ud~:-):Uyg. v111ff. ~ d u k Tiirkii . v111 ff. (a cow . . . gave birth to
R h . - A k a t a g l a n t u r d ~ s a k l a n t u r c l ~ od- a white dappled bull-calf) r&~klu:kyara:gay
g u r d ~'he made them strive and be vigilant 'it will be suitahie as (an animal for) dedication
and woke them' M I 13, 4-5; oziitlerig to heaven' IrkB 41.
o d g u r u f t l ~'rousing the souls' do. 26, 12;a.0.
A I Ill 9, 8 ( u d ~ k ) Bud.
: kogiilgermek b a s a D oduRLuk A.N./fr. o d u k ; 'wakefulness,
b a S ~(sir) odguriinqt iiciin 'because he alertness'. Survives only ( ? ) in NW Kaz.
rouses the thinking process more and more' u y a w l ~ k . Xak. SI o d u g l u k al-tayaqqlrg
T T 1' 24, 70: Xak. XI 01 m e n i o d g u r d ~ : fi'l-trnrrir 'alertncss in affairs' ECnf. I 149: K B
o~tqn;nni nrirrn'l-rnnndini 'he aroused me from o d u g l u k b u s a k h k n ~o g d i e r e n 'men praise
sleep' K n ~ .I 225 (odgurur, 0dgurma:k); this alertness and watchfulness' 442; 0.0. 440
about a dozen 0.0. mainly as examples of con- (?spurinus), 2353: Xwar. xlv tiinle o y a g l ~ k
jugation; 01 meni: o y g u r d ~ :'he woke me', k ~ l m a k l r k'keeping watch at night' Nahc.
dialect form (It&) of o d g u r t l ~ :I 26y ( O Y ~ U - 313, 7.
r u r , oygurma:k): K B (the warning of time)
m6ni o d g u r u bCrdi 'roused me' 5690; a.o. D u d u k l u k 1Iap. leg.?; A.N. fr. u d u k
( u d ~ k ) Xnk.
. XI udukluk (nlis-spelt with -d-)
6637. gaflatri'l-insdrt 'ani'l-jay' wn ton&mm 'nnhu
'a rnan's nepligencc and inertia regarding
something' Kny. I I.+().
D nta:k~: I k n . N. fr. ata:; pec. to Koy.
S a k . X I a t a : k ~ : yn nbofi 'fatherl': knliina D a t k a n p l z liap. leg.; a duhious word which
i~fi'tdf 'a respectful word' Kap. I 136; -k1: uccurs as a v.1. of nlkmqsiz un IJyft. v111fr.
a sultix expressing respect ('o!j) attached to Bud. T T 1'1 362, and is proh. only n scribal
terms of relationship (arlnd'tr'l-qavdI~n); hence error for that word.
 T R I S . V. ADC-
I> atkangu: N./A.S. fr. a t k a n - ; 'attachmcnt for 0.0.); Hijen-ts. 318; 2084: Civ. odgura:k
(to this world)'; practically syn. W. atka:g. (spelt ot,@ira:k) ~ i v g a : k u n $or ya:glag
N.0.a.h. Uye. v111ff. Bud. altl k a ~ l g l a r n i g kuru:g a:$la:r 'startlingly acid, salt, oily, and
altl a t k a n @ l a r n q eziikin igidin 'the dry foods' T T VIZ1 I.19.
deceitfulnessand falseness of the six objects of
sensunl perception and the six attachments (to D a d b l t k A.N. (Conc. N.) fr.
this world)' S M ~371, . 7 ff.; 0.0. U 11 Io, r9, S.i.a.m.l.g., except? N W usually as a ~ g i r l ~ k
and 26 (lnis-spclt and mistranslated);7 ' VI ~ meaning 'the behaviour of a stallion'. Tlirkli
....,.
R n \( V l l
r..-I v111 ff. (the b g visited his horses; his white
mare had just foaled) altu:n tuyu:glu:g
1) ntkanCuluksuz I'viv. N.IA. fr. an A.N. of adfiirllk vara:ilav 'the eolden-hoofed stud
a t k a n g u N.o.a.b. Uyfi. vril ff. Dud. a t k a n - wififlouris-h' I T ~ B - ~ .
guluksuz yokug blldiler uktilar 'they
knew and understood the notbngness (San- Tris. V. ADC-
skrit s'rinyntd) wliich is free fro?n attachment U adakla:- V. fr. adak, ~ , i , ~ , ~as, l , ~ ,
(to this world)' 1.T ['I 462 (and see note ayakla-, etc. with a wide range of meanings,
thereon); a.0. Strv. 60, 8 (1 bo:d). 'to fit legs (to furniture); to trample on; to
D odguratl: Adverb in -tl:; as this suff, is wade; to give (someone) a leg up on to a horse;
attached only to N./A.s, the mord is pre- to measure i n paces'* etc. Xak' O1

sumably (lcr. fr. odgurak, q.v.; the connota- adakla:dt: 'he struck him on the 1%' ('a16
tion is that the jntrllcct is aroused, so that the riclihi) KO$. 1 304 (adakla:r, adakla:ma:k).
conscious action of the mind etc. is stimulated; D(s)' acjuk1a:- Den. V. fr. a d u k (agduk).
the best translation is therefore 'rousingly, Pec. to Ka?. Xak. xi o l am: aduk1a:dl:
vividly'. Hitherto transcribed uf$uratt and istatrnfahu li-kawnihi machfl 'he found him
translated 'completely', but neither form nor strange because he wasj unknown to him'
meaning are etgmologically justified. N.0.a.b. Kay. I 3 0 4 (adukla:r, adukla:ma:k); kiirtip
Uyg. v111ff. Man. (damaged passage) od@- sU:ni: adukla:dr: translated nazaIa 'alayhi
rat1 belgii[liig] kortgiirli berdi 'he demon- jaflata(n) ta'accaba minhu wa'statrafa 'he
strated . . . so that it became vividly manifest' stopped suddenly before it, and was aston-
iM I11 26, I I (i): Bud. (then applying his mind ished by it, and found it strange' 111 339, 19
to the matter) o c l g u r a t ~u k a r 'he vividly (mis-spelt adtk1a:dr:; the translation should be
understands' U II 9, 12: o d g u r a t l belgiiliig when he saw the army, he was astonished').
T T VI 206: (tnv eood sons. listen carefullvl
odguratl'nbmh$ b 8 r e y h 'I will preach D udlkla:- Den. V. fr. udlk; ',to be sleepy,
rousinaly
- . to .you' do. . 787.
. drowsv'. as o ~ n o s e dto udl:- to sleeo. PO
to sleep;; late; 'in languages in which U$;-
D adg1ra:k Dim. f. of ad&; properly 'a became obsolete it took the meaning of that
young stallion'. Survives in NE Alt., Leh. verb. S.i.a.m.l.g., except NUr?, often in much
ayglrak H I 16, 17; Bar. a y g r a k do. 17; abbreviated forms like uxla-, ukta-. Uyg.
NC Km. a y g l r a k do. 16, in this meaning. vrIr ff. Civ. (his stomach swells) ba:g~ teg-
Kaf.'s meaning is otherwise unknown. Xak. X I ziniir ud1:kla:r 'he is dizzy and drowsy'
adgira:k al-a'~am mina'l-wu'll, wa huma TT VIII 1.8: Xak. XI yagl: begdin udlk-
bi-ntanzilati'l-kabg li'l-yiycih 'the white-footed 1a:di: al-'aduwwa axadathu sina min hu&ii'l-
antelope'; it is in the same relation (to the doc) -amir 'the enemy were drowsy and unaware
as the ram to the nannygoat Kaj. I r 4 4 . of the Dresence of the be.$ Kaf. III 339, 18;
D o d g u r a k N.1A.S. fr. odgur-, sometimes m e n u@kladtm wasantu 'I was drowsy1 III
used as an Adv., cf. odgurati, q.v.; the two 349, 3 (a.o.0. in a conjugational para.); n.m.e.:
words appcar as alternative readings in the XIII(?)Tef. ukla- 'to sleep' 325: KIP. xv
MSS. of T T VI. Basically the meaning must ncima 'to sleep' uyukla- Tuh. 37a 5.
be 'rousing' or the like; applied both to human D adaklan- Refl. f. of adak1a:-; 'to have
actions (preaching, etc.) and human sensations legs; to stand, or move on one's feet'. Survives
(perception, feeling, etc.), in the latter case per- in NE Khak. azaxtan-: NC Kzx. ayaktan-
haps hest translated 'vividly, convincingly', SC, NW, SW ayaklan-. Xak. xr adaklandt:
or the like. f'ec. to Uyi.. Hitherto transcribed n e q 'the thing possessed legs' (ricl); prov.
ut&crak, or more recently ot.@urak,and trans- a l i m k 6 : ~kalsa: a d a k l a n u r 'if a debt re-
lated 'con~pletely',but these seem to be errors. mains unpaid for a long time, it acquires legs'
Uyg. v111ff. Man. (thus long and continuously (ricl); that is the creditor sends to ask for it
you have wrought great benefits; by virtue of Kaf. I 293 (ada:klanur, ada:klanma:k-
your good deeds) odgurak b u r x a n [kutln sic).
bultuguz?] 'you have convincingly [attained
the blessed status of?] Prophet' TT III 105: D a t a k l m s i n - Hap. leg.; occurs in a very late
Bud. (then after reflection) o d g u r a k t u y d u m Uyg. text in a prov. in which it is parallel to
'I vividly perceived' U 11 5 , 16 and 4, etc. begirnsin-, also Hap. leg.; morphologically
(tuy-); (my dear son hem) menl,g o d g u r a k Refl. f. of a Simulative Den. V. fr. a Dev.
sBzlemig s a w m m my rousmg words' N.S.A. in - m ; but the parallel form suggests
UZ1182, 11-12;o.o. U I 3 4 , 1 8 ; UZI180,zg; that both words were felt to be Den. V.s in
Tif. sob: G (see note); T T V1 279 (see note - m s l n - . If so, the mord must be regarded as
 DIS.
and raisins, is consistent with such a transla- oyken-) c.i.a.p. 7'7'S 1 571 ; 11 761 ; 111 570;
tion): Kom. xrv 'cough' otkek CCG; Gr. I V 633; xw11 nykiin- (spelt) in Rtitrri, taqlid
kardorr, in C a k iitgen- Sorr. 92r. 14.
D otgunq Dev. N. fr. fitgun-, q.v.; survives
only (?)' In S\\' sa h a t . odgonq, odguq, U e d g e r - 'I'rans. Den. V. fr. e:d; survives
otkiiq story, narrative' SDU I 101, 1120. only ( ? ) in I*j\V K a r . I,, etker- H 1 8 4 4 Xak.
Xak. X I otgiinq a/-!rikaj'o 'a story'; hence one XI 01 klqig 6ii:ziig edgerdl: 'hc heard the
says otgiinq iitgiindt: 'he told a story' Kai. I trivial (01-mris) statement, exapgcrated its
161: K B (there are two kinds of good men; one importance nnd nctcd on it' (rco hahbnrahir
is hereditarily (anadm tugup) good, and acts rcn 'otidn bihi); this V. is usunlly uscd in the
uprightly because he is good) t a k l biri edgii negative form (~~rocliridato(~t)); one snys 01
k o r otgiinq bolur, isizke k a t ~ l s a01 islz a n q so:zin edgermedl: rnC'11lnfala hikal6-
bolur 'and one is good (only) by imitation; mihi rco nrd b6lihu 'he did not think much of
if he consorts with wicked men he becomes his statement and paid no attention to him';
wicked' 874; similar phr. regarding wicked and one says 01 yavuz ne:gni: edgerdi: 'he
men 877. repaired (a&!ra) the damaped article' Kay. I
227 (edgeriir, edgerme:k); e d g e r m e d i p o k
Dis. V. EDG ata:r 'they discharge arrows paying no atten-
tion to the danger (lit. 'death') from them'
D edik- Intrans. Den. V. fr. e:d; 'to thrive, (lciyubdli bi'l-mou,t fihi) Iz37,27; e d g e r m e d i p
prosper, succeed', and the like. N.0.a.b. id6 lam ytrll&r 'nnhrr tcu tlrrika n~uIlmala(n)
Uyg. v111ff. Bud. (thus if a man has not faith) 'if you do not beware of him (an enemy) and
01 kivi edlku u m a z 'than man cannot pros-. disregard him' I I 29, 13.
per' 11 V 26, 118: Civ. (the strength of
ancient kings will not he beneficial (tusul- D otgiir- Caus. f. of 1 o t - ; 'to cause to pass
m a g a y ) nnd thc methods of modern sages) through', with various tnctnph. rileanings.
edikmegey 'will not succeed' TT I 107; 0.0. S.i.s.m.l.g. (not SC, SW); cf. 2 6tUr-. Uyg.
76, 118, 147 (agzan-): Xak. XI K B isizlik v111ff. Bud. otgiir- in Hiien-ts., note 2104, 2
edikmez nege edlese 'wickedness does not (argu:) means 'to let (water) pass into (a lake)';
prosper however hard it works' 347: XIV otherwise it is used only of nrcntnl processes,
Mrih.(?) cridD 'to be excellent' edi:k- R$ 107 and has been translated 'to get to the bottom
(only). (of a problem), understand it thoroughly', and
D etik- Hap. kg.; Intrans. Den. V fr. et. 'to explain' (something to others); both mean-
Xak. xr ogla:n etlktl: tarabbala'l-tabi wa ings seem to occur; in TT V I 162-88 GtgIirU
kabirra 'the boy put on flesh and grew bigger' u s a r occurs six times and must mean 'if he
Kay. I 192 (etlke:r, et1kme:k). can thoroughly understand' (something Acc.);
bilgeler a l k u m u n i bilmez u k m a z Gtgiirii
(D) otgiin- (atgon-) presumably Refl. Den. u m a z l a r 'wise men do not know or under-
V. fr. 2 otiig; K q ' s etymology of otiin-, stand and cannot get to the bottom of all this'
q.v., though implausible, confirms the con- do. 21 r ; but in do. 146-9 (if good men and
nection; Ar. lrakd has the same double meaning women read and preach this scripture for the
'to narrate' and 'to imitate'; the basic meaning sake of all mankind) terig yoriiglin u k t u r s a r
in both cases niav be 'to tell (a story) with otgiirser (and understand the very deep
illustrative gestures'. Survives in NE $or, doctrine of the root) the central phr. must
Sag. okten-; Tel. okton- R I 1182-3; mean 'and make them understand and pene-
Khak. Sktin- 'to imitate'; S W Osm., Tkm. trate its deep significance' in PP 74,
oykun- ditto. Xak. XI 01 m a g a : otgiindi: I ff. (the prince interrogated certain wise
Iinh6ni f i anrri wn hdrcirri 'he imitated (Hend.) men) k i m y e m e otgiiru u m a d ~ l a r'who
me in my affairs'; prov. karga: ka:zka: were, however, unahlc to explain'; and see
otgiinse: butt: s l n u r 'if a crow imitates otgiirii:: Xak. xr o t r u m k a r t n Stgiirdi: al-
(J16kd)a goose (Knj., as usual, 'duck') its legs -mrishil a!ioqa'l-bo!n 'the purge loosened the
are broken' Kaj. I 254 (otgiinii:r, otgiin- bowels'; and one says 01 evke: bit& 6tgiirdi:
me:k); otgiinv 6tgiindi: hnka I~ikiya 'he 'he got a letter through (anjada) to his home';
told a story' I 161, 9: K B (whoever reads this also used of getting nnything through some-
writing to-day, knows it well) a g a r otgiiniir thing (anfadn jay' 'an jay') Kay. I 226
a n d m edgii kelir 'and imitates it (i.e. acts in (otgliriir, otgiirme:k): Gag. xv ff. dtker-
confomiity with it) and from that good comes' ('with -k-', -di, etc.) geriir- 'to cause to pass
259; u k u ~otgiiniir k o r bilig bilduriir through'; firdkat ctdir- 'to cause to abandon';
'understandingexpounds and knowledgemakes ntnr etdir- 'to cause to make an impression'
known' 398: tag. s v ff. titken- ('with -k-', Vel. 88 (quotns.); (otgiiz- (-]p) g@?- do. 89
-ip, -di) **hiin- r e taqlid eyle- 'to imitate'; seems to be an error for otgiir- hut might be
iiykiin- c~ hrnoe- 'to resemble' Vel. 89, go a Sec. f.); otger- (spelt) Caus. f., gudarcinidon
(quotns.); otgen- (spelt, 'with -g-') tnqlid 'to cause to pass through' San. 59v. 21
kardorr; Fin@ trnnslatrd it sahnqnt kordm 'to (quotns.): KIP. s v naflnda 'to transmit, send
take the lead' and Ei1i'-i Harnrci ndzidnn 'to through' otger- 7irlt. ssa. 7; (btker- tmns-
give oneself airs'; both were wrong San. 60r. lating sa'nln 'to cough' in do. zoa. 9 and 'n!aso
2 0 (quotns.): Xwar. ?cm oykun- 'to imitate' 'to sneeze' in 26a. 5 is the different and later
'Ali 51: O s m . x ~ ff.v eyklin- (once in xv word referred to undw Rtgek).
 I
bakkll aga:r cdgii:liikun 'look on him hene- Son. 95r. 12) nnd .i.rn.n~.l.g. X a k . X I to:n
volentl~'(hi'l-ilrscin) I I 29, 5 ; five 0.0. ; n.m.e.: eteklendl: 'the garnirnt had a skirt' (day/)
K B k a m u g edgiiluk k ~'do l all kinds of good' K o f . I 2 9 4 ( e t e k l e n u r , ctrklenme:k): Gag.
(by deed and word) 230; many o.o.: XIII(?) s v K. eteklen- Rct3 f. ( I ) (of a fire) 'to be
At. (the Prophet compared this world to a fanned uith the skirts'(~l~nrnrr); (2) 'to hr made
cultivatrd ficld; lalwur in it and) tar1 cclguluk into a skirt' .'hr. 051. 4.
'plant p ~ ~ deeds'
od 192;tnr, 0.0. ; ?'p/. cc_lgiiluk I
'good dccds' 70: X w a r . xlv ditto Qrrth 19; I ) e t u k l c n - (ediiklen-) llcfl. 1)rn. \'. fr.
Nnhc. 50, 5 , rtc. rtiilc. I'cc. to h-of.Xnk. X I e r etilklencli:
'the rnm ur~.ri~rl twots' KO?.Izi)4 (etlikleniir.
D titgiiru: Gerund of olgiir- connoting e t i i k l e n n ~ e : k ) ;a.o. III 348, 12.
thoroughness or completeness. It is described
in v. G. A T G para. 280 as a Postposition after I1 e ? g i i l e ~ -Ilccip. Ucn. V. fr. e?gO: N.0.a.b. I

the Loc. o r Abl. meaning 'because of', but it Uyg. vrrr ff. Bud. edgiilcgmignio u t l ~ s ~ n
often occurs in other contexts, and even in this w v i n q i n 'the reward and joy of bcne-
context does not seem to have this meaning. fiting one another' U II'qh, 5 6 : Xak. X I K R
Pec. to UyR. Uyg. v111ff. Dud. neglide k a t ~ l g ~b lu l a r n r g bile edgiileg 'associate
otgiirii k a r ~ m a k 8 l m e k toriiyiir 'whq with thcse prople (the 'rrlan~fi)and henefit one
exactly do old age and death come about? another' 4354.
U I1 5, 14; (the dead nian's corpse begins to 1) otgiiriig- Recip. f. of iitgfir-. N.0.a.h.
stink and his parents) 6tgiirii ... tezerler X a k . X I i l t g t i r i i ~ d l :Kng 1 232, 19 (otruq-):
'incontinently run away' U 111 43, 21; (the Gag. xvff. BtgerJg- Co-op. f.; 'to pass
evil spirits) otgiirii a r t u k r a k b u l g a n r p (something) through (~tt~larfinidmr)tngether'
'being all the more thoroughly confused' San. 60r. 18 (quotn.).
U I V 8, 35; (from time immemorial) 8 t g u r U
b u kiinki k u n k e tegi 'right down to the Dis. AUI.
prescnt day' TT V!. 015; b u iiqegiinug
kavlgrnrrklnd~n i i t g u r u o t r u k61ige bel- 1) iitiil Iiep. leg.; I l c v . N. fr. 1 iit-; a rathrr
g i i r e r 'precisely hccause thcse three unite duhious word. Uy&. v111fr. Civ. (a remedy for
a shadow then appears' Svo. 52, 18-20: a.o.0.: chronic fevcr and) y61 t 6 ~ l i . Qiitiil 'windy(?)
Civ. (if he is satisfied, he may keep it himself, diarrhorn' H II 10, 5.t (hut see ~ 4 1 ) .
if not) a d m kigike otgiirii s a t s u n 'he may u t h : syn. W. and usually used to translate
sell it outright to a third party' USp. 13, 11; Chinese p m (Giles 8,731) 'requital, recorn-
a stock phr. in contracts 30, 15; 56, 1 6 ; 57, pens?, reward', that is something given or
12; 61, 11, etc. received in return for something done. Not
D o t g u r g u : Dev. N. (Conc. N.) In -gii: fr. noted later than UyR. and posibly foreign.
Btgiir-. Pec. to H I I ; prima facie it should The first vowel is fixed by u t l ~ s l zin T T r ' l r r .
mean 'aperient, purge', but is used more T i i r k u v111 ff. Man. (the five pure gods) k i m
generally for 'remedy'. Uyg. v111ff. Civ. b u yCgedmek edgii u t h (spelt iitli) e l i t i r l e r 'who
o r u n l a r d a iinmig k a r t l a r k a (or k a r t - bring the pond rewards for success' M 1116,
l a r n i g ) (itgiirgiisin s6zlelim 'let us de- 2-3 (iii): 1JyE. v111ff. h1nn.-A (whocvcr en-
scribe the remedv for ulcers which come up in dures sufferinp for thc sake of the hody will
these places' H I1 8, 6-7, 14 and 21 ; a.o. do. find that) n n q utlrsl 'the recompense for that'
8, 28. (is death and dissolution) M I I I 11, 1 2 (ii);
o.o. do. 11, 16 (ii); 12, 6 (i): Man. [zap] u t l t
D Btigsiz (t!dlgsiz), Priv. N./A. fr. Btig; sevinq [gap] T T III<17 (see below): I3ud.
Bud. technical term opposite to Ptlglig, nor- edgU ktlmq ut11s1 the reward for good
mally used to translate Chinese tou wei (Giles deeds' ICtrnn. 218; similar phr. USp. 106, g I ;
12,753 12,521) nhich translates Sanskrit etlgii k11tngtonlg t i i ~ i nu t l ~ s l n'the fruit and
nsat?rhyta 'not sul>jcct to cause, condition, or reward for your good deeds' U I 27, I S (and
dependence; out of time; inactive; supra- . 59); similar phr. TT X 220; m e n
see u t l ~ p.
mundane'; see T T TV, note 386. Pec. to m q l p utll 'bildeqi bolu t e g i n i i r m e n nev
UYR. uyg. vlll E. B U ~ .t a y ~e t i~g s i z u t l l bilrnedeqi e r m e z m e n 'I venture to
b u l d u k m a z t e r i g yoriigin 'the profound know niy obligations in this matter, I am not
definition of the Mahlyena as not subject one who does not know his ohligations' U I1
to condition and unattainable' T T V1 386; 41, 13-14; u t h sevinq and sevlng utlx 'the
6tigsiz meguliik t a l u y d a 'in the ocean of reward and pleasure'(of doing good, etc.) U I V
supra-mundane joy' Suv. 354,7; B.O.do. 647, 5 46, 38, 52, 56 (edgii:leg-), 63; 48, 78.
(agat-).
D l ~3:tlli:(a:dlrg) P.N./A. fr. l R:t; properly
T r i s . V. EDG- 'named', and often so used after a proper name
D 6tekle:- Hap. leg.; Den. V. fr. iitek. Uyg. or title; but more often 'having a (good) name,
v111ff. Bud. (when the time has come) otiik famous, distinguished'. C.i a.p.a.1.; SW Az.;
(sic) b e r i m oteklegiiliik 'to repay debts' Osm. a d l t ; Tkm. a:tlr. TUrkii v111ff. a:tIl:g
(Hend.) Sutl. 6, 17-18. ytizlU:g otu:z e r 'thirty notables'(Hcnd.) Ttrn.
I V 8 (ETI' 11 99); I r h B 36 (uqru:glu:g):
D eteklen- ReR. Den. V. fr. etek. N.0.a.b.; hlnn. (princesses, high ministers) u l u g atlxg-
the basic form is first noted in Gag. (Ve'eI. 47; l a r reat at notables' T T I I 8, 64; a t @ ytizlug
 DIS. ADL 55
begler M III 10, 3 (i): Uyg. vrrr (because of i:lik) Rif. 142 (only): Ga& xv ff. uyluk (spelt
the wickedness of Tay Uilge 'l'otok and) blr 'with U-') rdn 'thigh', in Ar. faxd San. 92v. I 7
eki: a t h g yavlakm iiqiln 'hecause of the
wickedness of one or two notables' $U. E 5: D l otlug(o:dluR) P.N./A. fr. 1 o:t. S.i.rn.rn.
vrrr ff. Man.-+ ayaglag tapaglag (so read) I+; in S W Az., Osm. odlu; Tkrn. o : t l ~ .Uyg.
otlag t e ~ r i his honriurctl, rcspectcd, and v111ff. Dud. otlug ~ a k i tllQen
r 'a fiery cakra
famous holincs~'(followed hy proper name) wheel' T T V 6. 43; otlug 1 r 8 a g 'a fiery
n4 127, 2: Bud. flt11g yiizliig PP 12, 5; 20, 3 ; hook' do. 12, 118: Gag. xv fi. otlug/otluk
U II 19, 18; Kuan. 136. 138; T T VII 40, 75 Aliyin 'fiery' V d . 9 1 ; otlug/otluk Blijin wa
(v.1.); a t h g y01luP. 'famous and fortunate' dtijndk ditto San. 62r. 26 (quotn.).
T T 'L 26, 103; atlig 'famous' U 11 36, 47; 1) 2 otlug P.N./A. fr. 2 ot. S.i.m.m.1.g.; in
N a r a n d a a t l ~ gl u k a n i 'the dragon klng S W Osm. 0 t h ; 'I'km. otli; but note that in
named Naranda' PP 50, 5 ; 0.0. of atlig Osm. 'poisonous', a meaning belonging to this
'named' Suer. 99, 14; T T I V 6, 26; T T VII word is also pronounced odlu owing to some
passim: Civ. a y ~ at112g 'with a bad reputation' confusion with 1 otlug. Xak. xl otlug ta:g
T T VII 12, 8 ; atlig 'named' common in T T cabal mu'jib 'a mountain covered with vegeta-
I , VII, U S p . , H II. Xak. X I (after 1 a:t) hence tion' Kai. 1 9 8 .
'the head of a clan' (kabiru'l-qawm) is called
at118 Kay. I 79, 2 ; n.m.e.: K B b i r a t h g DotIukA.N.(Conc. N.)fr. 2 0 t . S.i.m.m.1.g.;
kiglg 'a distinguished person' 501: xrr~(?) in NC 'manger', elsewhere usually 'pasture'.
Tef. adlu/atl,tg 'named' 39, 63: xrv Muh. I n some languages there is a homophonous
a/-musammd named' a:dhg Mel. 50, 7 ; A.N. fr. 1 o:t meaning 'a strike-a-light' and
al-muhtayam 'distinguished' atlrg Rif. 145: the like. The text of the MS. of Kaf. is as
Gag. xv ff. a t l ~ g / a t l r kncrnimdnr 'famous' Vel. shown below; the printed text has atluk and
7 (quotn.); atlig . . . (2) they say fulHn a t l ~ g odluk in error; but the Ar& form is peculiar
that is 'named(mawstim) so-and-soP;(3)metaph. and some confusion with udluk may have
ndmddr wa ntayhtir 'famous' San. fov. 22 occurred. Xak. xr otluk nl-dri fi lugatihim
(quotns.): X w a r . xrv atl@/ath 'named' 'manger' in one of their dialects Kay. I 98:
Quth 15; Nahc. 3, 3 etc.: Osm. xv adlu A r g u : xr odluk mahaytu'f-baqar mina'l-6ri 'a
'famous' (once) T T S 116. place where cattle spend the night', (derived)
from 'manger' Kaj. 198. Gag. xv ff, otlug
D 2 a t h g P.N./A. fr. 2 a t ; 'horseman, lotluk makdni ki giyih wa 'alaf e t a bdfad
mounted'. C.i.a.p.a.l. TQrkU vrrr [TavJgac 'a place that has much grass and fodder'
at118 siisl: 'the Chinese army yf cavalry' II San. 62r. 25.
S I ; ekl: uliigl: a t l ~ gerti: two-thirds of
them were mounted' (and one-third on foot) D ecJlig P.N./A. fr. e:d; 'possessing property;
T 4; b i r atlig 'one horseman' T 24: VIII R. having value, useful, convenient'. Survives
a:la: at[@ 'with a dappled horse' IrkB 2 ; only(?) in N I Koib., Sag. Bstig 'having pro-
8.0.0.: Xak. xr at]@ e r al-raculu'l-jiris 'a perty, rich' R I 885; Khak. k t l g 'convenient,
mounted man' Kay. 1 9 7 ; five 0.0.: xrv Muh. comfortable, sympathetic'. Uyg. v111 ff. Civ.
atlig hi-faras 'mounted' Ilif. 77; ol-fcris edlig sanlrg bolup y o r ~ m a k i g ( ? s a r p )
a t l u g Rif. 146, 153: C$. xv ff. a t l ~ & / a t l ~ k'if you have property and treasure(?) your
a h surucir ma'ndsina horseman' Vel. 7; course is (?difficult) T T I 8 4 (the editors sug-
atllg ( I ) suwdr San. 3ov. 21 (quotn.): Xwar. gest reading at& sanlig and translating 'dis-
xrv ratlrg/atl~(sic) 'mounted' Quib 15: Kom. tinguished' but (I) edlig is quite clear in the
x ~ v'cavalry-man' atlu C C I ; C r . : Ktp. xrrr text; (2) sanlig, q.v., does not have this mean-
al-fciris atlu: Horr. 26, 14; &ifaras aylu: 51, ing except in SW; s a n here is prob. s Sec. f.
20; f&is atlu: 55, 10: xrv atlu: al-jdru ay of sag for tsag, q . ~ . )Xak.
: xr edlig ne:g kull
&'l-farar i d . I S : xv fdris at11 Tuh. 27b. 10: gay' yuntafa' bihi 'anything which can be used
O s m . xrv both atlt and atlu are noted T T S to advantage' K a j . I 103.
1167; I V 50. D etlig P.N./A. f r e t ; 'fleshy, fat'. S.i.m.m.1.g.
D ~ t l t gP.N./A. fr. ~ t .S.i.s.m.1. with front Xak. XI (after etlik) and a corpulent man
vowels. Xak. XI 1t11g e v 'a house owning a dog (01-mcuIu'l-daxm) is called etllg kisi:, with a
(kalb)' Kay. 1 9 8 . -g; and a man who owns meat (01-lahm) is
also called etlig kisi: K a j . I xor: xrrr(?) Tef.
D udluk A.N. (Conc. N.) fr. U:& which sug- etllg 'corporeal' 86.
gests an original meaning of 'a joint of beef'. D etlik A.N. (Conc. N.) fr. et. Survives only
but in practice 'thigh' of any man or beast. (?) in NW Kaz. itlik; SW xx Anat. etllk
Survives only(?) in SW Osm., Tkm. uyluk; SDD 555 'fat stock'. Uyg. vrrr ff. Bud. TT
cf. 1 bu:t. Tilrkii vlrr (of a horse) ud1ukt:n I V 6, 45 (Q:t-): Xak. XI etllk mi'kiqu'l-lahm
81:yu: 'breaking its thigh-bone' I E 36: Uyg. 'a meat hook'; and a sheep prepared for slaugh-
vrrr ff. Civ. (on the 29th day of the month the ter is called etlik ko:y that is 'sheep for meat'
soul is situated) udlukta bhlte 'in the thigh (fdt lahm) Kq.I 101.
and waist' TT V11 zr: 10: Xak. xr udluk
mrista~iaz 'apmi'l-dirci" the thick part of the D iidleg Dev. N. fr. *iidfe:- Den. V. fr. 8:d.
bone of. the foreleg' Kas. I 98: xrv M&.(?) There is no obvious difference in meaning
'azmri'l-faxd 'thighbone' uyluk (misvocalized between Jkd and adleg in Xak.; Kay. translates
56 D I S . AIIL
hoth nl-zomin 'time'. Elsewhere o d l e g con- ~af(~!tnrnfi'l-~ornci'rr 'the Iiud hurst opcn'; also
sistently means 'noon, midday'. Survives only used of any l h s s o m or tlowc~(znhm u'o nnrcr),
( ? ) in S W Osnl. ijkle (oyle) 'noon'; l ' k n ~ . and of anything that opens withrmt dis-
Syle 'afternoon'. X a k . X I o d l e g nl-earn& integrating (iidarocn nrin g q r hnjvrinn) Knf.
'time' h'q 1 102 (verse); ten o.o., usually in 1 193 ( a t l l u r . nt1lmn:k): (in&. s v fl. a t t l -
the contest of time taking its revenge: KB ond~ivfnj u d m 'to he thronn' Snrr. z8r. 17:
t o r u t t i xalilylq Sd o d l e g b u k u n '(God) X w n r . xlv a t l l - 'to be t h r r ~ w n ;(of 211 a r r n u )
created living beings, time (Fiend.), and today' to 1:e shot' Qtirh 16: K I P . s v lrnirmzn (?read
g; (a chrld n h e n horn) m i n d i iidleg a t 1 hrrmizn 'to tic rcpellrd'; the vrl-h has srveral
'rnounts the horse of t ~ ~ n c1x88; ' kegti other mcntiinps) a t l l - 7iih. g h . 1.
ocjleg kiin ny 'time, days, and n:onths passed'
5950; 0.0. 1582-4-6: S I V R&. o z l e g riamPzl D btil- ( 6 d i l - ) ; I'ass. f. o f P:t- n i t h the
'the midday prayer' R I 1 3 0 4 (quotns.): Muh. same range of ~ n c a n i n ~ass P:t-. S.i.3 rn.1.g.
nl-;rrlrr 'mid-day' 6:yle: AJrl. 80, 3 ; Rif. but usually only to fnrm conipou~id \'.S \v.
184: (ha. s v H. Syle rcnqt-r ; t h Son. 9zv. N.s, ~ e n c r a l l y forcign. IJyg. v111If. Man.-A
1 9 : O g u z X I oyIe: 0 1 - ; h I h f . I 1 1 3 : KIP. [ t e r ~ l r i l i kPtilmiv 'a temple was hr~ilt'Man.-
X I the I < l p ~ a kmake the -y- -2- and say oz1e: nig. F r a ~ 401, . 13; a . n A l 18, I 1-1 2 (01): Bud.
Kai. 1 I 1 3 X w a r . X I V e r t e d i n o d l e g k e t e g i
(crops) b l v a r l a r Gtiliir 'ripen and mature'
..
. o d l e g d i n kbqeke 'from dawn to midday TT VI 3 2 7 : Civ. yrl a y 6tiiu e l g i g d e k i r d i
.
. . from midday to night' Nahc. 210, 11; 'years and months in due order(?) came into
iidleg n a m % z r do. 70, I : KIP. X I I I al-;~rhr your hands' 7'7' I 127: X a k . XI (after itil-)
( d i i ~ ,also called) 6yle:n Hntr. 26, 1 5 : S I V and one says og1n:n Ptildi: foro'ro'n'l-fnhi wn
tcaqfu'l-;~rhroglcn (mis-spelt ej'lcn) Bid. I 3, I 3. tazoIi!rrrfn 'thc hoy grew up (1;lcnd.)' I(n,r.I 1 9 3
(Ptilii:r,Ptilme:k); b u e r o l eti1ge:n s a p ~ l g a -
D litliik llap. Irp.; A.N. fr. 2 o t . X a k . sr :n(mis-spelt snj~/gnttr)h*'/-rord .unriic umnlric
n t l u k nl-'i;n 'ad\-ice, admonition'; and ii\%ut ji'l-tmtiir 'this man is aluays busily engaged in
is also used for 01-'i;n, 11s original form was affairs'; 6tilge:n ( ? ; olij unvocalizctl, perhaps
iigiit h-oz. I 102. a different xvord) 'a disease of horses in which
L) ii:tIiig (ii:dliig) P.N./A. fr. u : t ; 'pierced, calledboils (&rdnd) I)l-rxk nut and then hcal up',
xirrrtiin ('farcy') in Pc.; m e n i n I : y m
perforated'. Survives only(?) in NE Khak. e d g u : l i i k u n eti1gc:n (sic) ol mnri nbnr/n(n)
u t t i g Dns. 257; ?'U\-. iittiig Pnl. 435. X a k . yan;mli?r Iri'l-.ray 'my affairs are always
X I (under yingu:) ii:tIiig yincii: 01-ltr'l~r'u'i-
kept in pond order' 1 158; 0.0. I 53, IS
-nrt~!qrih 'a pierced pearl' Kn?. I11 30, 1 7 ; ( u g u r ) ; 1 4 4 2 , 7 (11 209, 21): KO ivi b a r q n
r1.nl.e : K o m . S I V 'pierced' u t l u C C G ; Gr. 6 t l u r 'his affairs arc all ncll organized' 429;
PL1(D) iitliim Hap. leg.; morpholngically a 0.0. 497, 6056 (rtqi:): Gag. s v fr. Ptil- ('with
N.S.A. but .;of what; the translation is con- 6-') knrdn i ~ ~ d m'to r he done' . h r . 94r. 17
jectural. U y a . v111ff. Bud. (if you call on the (quotn. illustrating compound verb): K o m .
Kuan-pi-in) Buddha, hurning incense before xrv 'to be rnildc, created' etil- CC(;; Gr.:
the holy Buddha and) S t l i i m o t l i i m t e g - O s m . X I V ecfil- 'to he raped, violated' (;lnd
zindiirii 'cnntinuously(?) turning (the prayer 'to he done') TTS I 253.
whcrl)' IJSp. orb. 22.
I1 ldll- Pass. f. o f ~ : d - .Survives onl!.(j) in
N\V Kar. I,. iyil- 'to he sent' R 1 1 4 3 5 ; Knzc.
193. Clyfi. v111If. Hud. Sanskrit pmirnhdIri
1) s d l l - 1 ' 3 s f. of 2 *ad-, w e 2 3 d i g ; 'confidence, tnrst' (hrrc ? ' ~ n t r u s t e d ' ) 1t11-
prnperlr 'to scrhrr up, recorcr from drunken- m a : k ~ b o l o r T1' 1'111 A 2 6 ( - t - often
ness'; more generally, 'to rccover conscious- rcpresents -d- in thew texts): X a k . sr t u t g u n
ness'. Sur\.iws as a g ~ l -in N E R 1 34, 221 ; ~ d ~ l drr!liqn'l-orir l: rcn'l-n~irqn~j.od 'the prisoner
Iihnk. m d S\V A z . , Osni., Tkm. X a k . rl e s r i i k (Hend.. etc.) was released' Kng. 1 194 ( ~ d ~ l u r ,
adtltlr: ~Jiqa'l-snknin ~ron'/-it~r~@mi 'nln3,hi 1d11nla:k): s l r r ( ? ) Tcf. I&!- 'to he sent' 128.
'the drunk man, and the man n h o had fainted,
recovered consciousness' Kni. I 194 ( a d l l u r , D itil- Pass. f. of i t - ; 'to be pushed, upset',
ad11ma:k): K B (do not let good fortune etc. S.i.s.m.l. X a k . X I itildi: ne:g 'the thing
intoxicate )-nu) a d ~ l d u k t a'when you come to was pushed' ( h j i ' a ) I 193 ( i t i l t i : ~ ,
your senses' (your eyes will till with tears) iti1me:k); II 139, 10 (itin-): S I I I ( ? )Trf. itiil-
6137; a.o. 6142: Gag. xvff. ayll- Irrrjyir (of a bird) 'to hox-er in the air (without morinc
~rrdriit'to come to one's senses', in Rriini a y l n - the wings)' 127 ( S C E I ~toS belong hcrc): Gag.
Son. S5r. 20 (quotns.): KIP. s l v ay11- snIlii xv ff. itil- ('with i-') afgandn p d a n wn
nrirr sakrn rcn bnri'o min mar& 'to come to innfqrid jlrdai~'to be thrown down; to be lost,
nne's senses from drunkenness and recover missing' San. 94r. 17 (the second meaning may
from an illness' Id. 26: sv SO& ~ ~ 1 1Tuh. - be connected with y i t - , q.v., which is not
zzb. 12. noted in Q@.).
D a t ~ l -Pass. I. of a t - ; 'to be thrown, shot', D o d u l - Hap. leg. ?; I'ass. f. of *od- ; 'to wake
etc. S.i.m.m.l.g.; with a wide range of mean- up' (Intrans.). X a k . X I KR (See, m y son
ings in Osni. X a k . XI o k a t ~ l d ~'the
: arrow (02111, rhyme), in v h a t a state I am, look at m e
was shot'; and one says qeqe:k a k a : a t ~ l d ~ :and) o d u l 'wake up' 1215.
 D I S . V. A D L

D Udul- Pass. f, of U:?-; 'to he followed, esteems (or values, mhbd) good advice' 111
conformed with', etc. Survives only(?) in S W 155, 4: KR elig u r s a begler k i m l edlese 'if
Osm., ?'km. uyul-. Xak. X I Kl3 udula in the begs stretch out their hands and esteem
p o t (u:d-) seems to be a Ger. of this verb: someone' 1630; a.0. 347 (edik-): xrll(?) At.
Gag. xv ff. uyul- Pass, f. . . . (3) muw6faqnt tiken edlegen e r 'a man who cultivates thorn
karda p d a n 'to be followed, conformed with' bushes' (does not get grapes from them) 376;
San. 8gv. 23. Tef. edle-/bdle- 'to cultivate' 70, 123: Gag..
xv ff. eyle-(-y, etc.) eyle- Vel. 37-8; eyle-
V U D otul- (?mis-spelling of otal-) Ilap. leg.; knrdan 'to make, do' San. 56r. 7 (quotns. con-
Pass. f. of 2 at..:-. Xak. X I tarBR otuldl: taining compound V.s): X w a r . xrrr eyle- 'to
qlcfi'a ~iryiifu'l-zar.',run htirun kull nabt yu'!ibrihu make, do' 'Ali 26: xrv Byle- ditto MN 36:
fa-yufsiduhu 'the weeds, that is any plant which KIP. x111 'amala 'to make, do' ey1e:- Ilou. 33,
they destroy and get rid of in the standing 15 (in compound verb 41, 18): xrv ditto fd. 26:
corn, were cut' Kaf. I r93 (otulur,otulma:k). xv ditto Tuh. 26a. 7 (in compound verb 15h.
13): O s m . xrv ff. eyle- 'to construct (an arti-
D 6tel- (odel-) Pass. f. of 6te:-. N.0.a.b. fact, etc.); to appoint (an official)' noted down
Xak. XI o l bu: Igta: oteldi: ta'annii/i hdd~'1-
t o x v ~T T S I z 8 8 ; 111276;IV321.
-amr wa mcirasa'l-gidda 'he worked hard at this
matter and exerted his strength' Kay. I 193 D et1e:- Hap. leg.?; Den. V. fr. et. Xak.
(ateliir, ote1me:k; an odd meaning, but must XI 01 k o : y ~ g et1e:di: cn'nla'l-~dt Iaizma(n)
belong here): K B s e n i r ~ d i natelsun maga: 'he fattened(?) the sheep' Kaf. I 2 8 4 (etle:r,
s a z t a k l 'let a statement be submitted from et1e:me:k).
you to me and' (a statement from me to you)
2670: XIII(?)Tef. kaqan odelse i$ 'when the D 1tla:- Hap. leg.; Den. V. fr. ~ t .Xak. XI 01
task is ordained' 242; otelmesde (igdin s a g a anl: 1tla:dt: sabbohu zcn ultiinahu wa 'addahu
a n t 9 w a h l 'before his (Gahriel's) inspiration min cumlati'l-kiliib 'he reviled and scorned him
is conveyed to you' 251 : Gag. xv ff. 6tel- arid reckoned him to belong to the dog family'
Pass. f.; mM gudan 'to be paid' San. 6rr. 24 Kay. 1 2 8 5 (rtla:r, 1tla:ma:k).
(quotn.).
11 ud1a:- I-lap. leg., perhaps used only in
D iitiil- I'nss. f. of iit-; 'to he sinr.cd, Ger.; Den. V. fr. u:d. Xak. X I K B yCdi
scorched; (of grain) tn he pnrchcd'. Survives a r z u n i ' m a t iiziim uplayu my soul de- '

in NC Kzx. uytil-, N W Knz. 6tel-, SW Osm., voured desirable things and luxuries like an
Tkm. utiil-. Xak. X I ko:y bagt: utuldi: 'the ox' 5635.
sheep's head (etc.) was singed' (rrlwiqo) Kay.
1193 (iitiiliir, iitu1me:k:) K U isizlik o t ol o t L) ot1a:- Den. V. fr. 2 a t . S.i.a.m.l.g., usually
kuyiirgen b o l u r yolmda keqig yok utulgen for 'to graze, browse'. Cf. 2 o t a - ; the parallel
b o l u r 'wickedness is a fire; fire constantly Den. V. fr. 1 o:t is not noted before xv; see
burns (people); there is no means of petting 1 ota:- Xak. XI a t otla:dr: 'the horse grazed'
along the road, it is constantly being scorched' (i'talafa) Kaj. I 2 8 5 (verse; otla:r, ot1a:ma:k):
249 (Arat reads dlii(ccn, but this word is not xrrr(?) Tef. otla- 'to graze' 239: XIV Rbj. ditto
recorded and makes no sense). K 1 1113 (quotns.); Muh. &eud 'to treat
medically' o:tla:- Mel. 26, 3; otla:- R$. 108;
D ed1e:- Den. V. fr. e:d; in the early period tabbu eva 'alaca ditto' Rif. I I I (only): Gag.
'to turn (something Acc.) into something use,- xv ff. otla- arida an to graze' San. 6rr. 28
ful', hence, e.g. 'to cultivate (a garden, etc.) , (quotns.): Klp. xrv otla- ro'ii 'to graze' fd. 8:
and also 'to deem (something Ace.) to he (Kom. xrv 'to treat medically' otala-; 'a hay
useful', hence 'to esteem (someone)'. Later field' o t a l a m a k C C I ; Gr: O s m . xrv otala-
it came to mean simply 'to make, create', and 'to treat medically' in two texts TT.' I 551,
finally, like &t-, it came to he little more than but, in Kel., Zaj. reads otla-).
an Aux. V., used to form compound V.s w.
N.s, usually foreign. In this sense it seems to VUD 6dIe:- Pec. to K B ; if thus read Den. V.
have been regarded as more graceful than 6:t-. fr. o d , but perhaps the basic form of iidlen-,
Survives as eyle- in SE Tiirki, Shaw 37, B$. q . ~Xak.
. XI K B k a l l bl(1)ig 6dlep tilese s e n i
807, Jarring 40 (also in its earlier sense); NW 'if the king desires you, choosing his time (?,
Kaz. ; SW Osm., Tkm. Uyg. vrrr ff. Civ. or passionately)' 1504; a.0. 1588 (sic in best
(in a text about a vineyard, 'I will give a rent MSS.).
pf 60 measures of wine') toguz yrl e d l e m i ~ k e
for cultivating it during the Swine Year' D ot1e:- Den. V. fr. 2 o t ; 'to advise (someone
USp. 6, 5; edlegtici b l r erkliik kigi 'a Dot., rarely Acc.) to do (something Dat.)'.
responsible person to cultivate (the vineyard)' N.o.a.b. T u r k u v111 inime: opluma: anqa:
do. 21, 5; b a g n ~edlep 'cultivating the vine- o t l e d i m 'I gave my younger brothers and sons
yards' do. 22, 41; b a g l a r l m t z n l eylep (sic) the following advice' Ongin I I : v111 ff. Man.
do. 22, 47-8 (a XIV text): Xak. XI 01 edle:di: o l k a m a g bocjunka e d g u kllm$ k l t m a k k a
ne:gni: pana'a'l-may' 'ara(ia(n) 'he made use of t u r k a r u iitleyiir t a v r a t u r k a t ~ g l a n t u r u r
the thing' Kay. I 2 8 6 (edle:r, ed1e:di:); t a v a r '(the king) continuously advises all the people
listin tegri: edlemedip 'for the sake of to do good deeds and urges them on and makes
money not respecting God' (Id yubiili mina'lliih) them exert themselves' T T 1110,88-90: UYE-
1 86, 2;'edgli: s a v l g edlese: 'if a man v111 ff.Bud. biz kendiike edgiike 6tleyiirbiz
 'weadvise hrm todom,nd'PPzo. 7-8;ay1%iigH is take n hnrw' Iri, 15: O s m . slv ff. atlan-
teginig Btlep 'advising I'rince PHparpkara' 'to ridc; to mount'; c.i.a.p. T T S 1 5 2 ; 11 67;
do. 35, 5 ; Sanskrit snmridGpayati (translated 11146; 11' 50.
'causes to give': ?error) iit1e:di (spelt utle:ti)
TT V I l I (2.6; 0.0. Hiicn-fs. I 79, 2-3- 1) edlcn- Hcfl. F. of ed1e:-; not noted laterthan
[yumlgak s a w n otleyu erig[leyii] 'advisin~ xvr. Xak. X I ediencli: ne:n rrttrrxr&~'/-j~i~.'
( t tend.) him with mild words' U I11 15, 11; 'al-n&(n) ( M S , in errnr Rnro&dn)) wa lom
0.0. of ot1e:- erigle:- l J I I 1 8 9 , 18- 1 9 ; T T C'II ,rttrah nrrrlrmrln(rr) 'thc thing \vnr mndc use < r T
and not left nn one side'; as, for exnn~ple,a fur
14, 3 (udug); 40, 86; Suv. 597, 6-7 (ya:glifS): coat is made from a skin nr boors frnrn a piccc
Xak. sr K-D s a g a iitler 'he advises you' 2204,
of felt I 257 (edleniir, ed1enme:k):
5713 ; m c n i otlegil 'advise me' 5128. O s m . srv-svr eylcn- 'to hc cnnstructcd', or
D edlet- Cam. f. of edle:-; n.0.a.b. Xak. sr as Aux. V, in three or four texts T T S 1 2 8 8 ; 1
01 tawa:rm (sic) edletti: arnara bi-i$/t m6 I I 413; 11' 321 (in Osm, the word is normally
kdna nruhmol min rndliln' 'he ordered that any a Sec. f. of cglen-).
part of his property that had been neglected D etlen- Ilefl. f. of et1e:-; s u n k e s only(?) in
should he put in order' Kaj. I 264 (edletiir, NE Khak. itten- nas. 65, snrne meaning.
edietme:k): xiir(?) Ibf. eyletiir bezeliirler Xak. xr o g u l etlendi: fnrabhnla 'l-phi 'the
'they are ornamented' (with gold bracelets) 72: boy put or1 flcsh'; also used of anything that
Gag. sv ff. eylet- Caus. f.; kurrrinidarr 'to gcts fat (cnnriria) after being lean Kng I 256
order to he made or done' Snn. 56v. 7. (etleniir, ct1enme:k).
D etlet- Hap. leg.?; Caus. f. of et1e:-. Xak. I> itlin- Hap. leg.; RrR. f. of itll-. Xek. xr
xr ol ko:y etletti: nmora hntta cu'ilati'l-jydt ta:v ttlindi: 'the stone (etc.) was pushed on
Ia!m 'he ordered that the sheep should be > , ,. also used of a child when
one side' lirtdafa'nl:
fattened(?)' KO?. 1264 (etletiir, et1etme:k). it begins to crawl (taza!rhqfn); hence one says
m e n l g yu:zdin itlin tr@rrrb'nnni ' j p t out of
1) udlat- )lap. leg.; apparently ahhrcviated my sight'; this is said in a fit of anrrer (nl-&&b)
Caus. f , of udu:la:- cf. udlag-. X a k , sr 01 Kag. I 256 (ltliniir, it1inme:k).
o g h n maga: u d l a t t ~ :otbn'a waladahti xaIfi
'he scnt his son after me' Kag. I 264 (udlatur, 1) o:tlan- (o:dlan-) Refi. J k n . V. fr. 1 o:t;
udlatma:k). see 1 ota:-. Survives only(?) in S W Az.,
Osm. o d l a n - ; Tkm. o:tlan- 'to hlaze up (lit.
D edlel- ITap. leg.; I'ass, f. of edle:-. Xak. xr or metaph. in anger); to he burnt', etc. Xak.
edleldi: ne:g u$ihn'l-py' 'the thing was put xr a t o:tland~: iltahabn'l-farm caryn(n) 'the
in order'; also used when anythinp is inspected horse went at a fiery pace'; similarly one says
(or examined, tdtrrqida) Kaj. I 2 9 5 (eQlelii:r, e r o:tland~: iltahaba'l-racul ga&+n(n) 'the
ed1elme:k). man blazed with anger' Kaj. I 2 9 7 (o:tlanur,
0:tlanma:k; in a special section for verbs with
D etlel- Hap. kg.; I'ass. f. of et1e:-. Xak. X I initial long vowels): Gag. xv ff. otfan- Refl.
ko:y etleltli: cu'ilo'l-gannn~/arm 'thcsheep was f. dtif dargirffnn 'to catch fire' San. 61 v. 17A.
fattenrd(?)'; also used of other (animals) K q .
I 2 9 5 ( e t l e l k r , etle1me:k). VUD udlen- apparently Refl. Den. V. fr.
*iid, a noun cognate to iid- q . ~;seealsoiid1e:-.
.
D ntlnn- Refl. Den. V. fr. 2 a t ; it is not cer- N.0.a.h. IJyg. v111ff. Dud. 62 kBgiililrnin
tain whether atla-, a verb which first appears iidlcnip sevinqlenip 'being excited and
in Xwnr. srrr(?) 02. and occurs in other medie- delighted in my own mind' Hiior-ts. 215: Xak.
val and most modern languages, is connected X I yilkl: iidlendl: !fobirnti'l-dazocibb mn'ifa-
vith 2 a t ; it seems to mean 'to set out, march hati'l-frrhtil 'the mares were on heat and the
against' (in Og.) and more usually 'to stride' stallions excited' Kaj. I 257 (iiBleniir, iidlen-
cf. Osni. a d l m 'a step. pace', and so prob. has me:k).
some other origin. S.i.a.m.l.g., in NE usually
altan-. T i i r k u vrtr ff. MM. T T 11 8 , 63 D atlag- Rccip. Den. V, fr. 2 at. Survives
(u:d-): Xak. xr e r at land^: 'the man rode only(?) in SW x s Anat. atlag- (of two men)
(rakiba)' K q . I 255 (atlanur, at1anma:k); 'to ride on the same horse' S D D 125; Gag.
o l a t atlandr: 'he rode a horse' I 285 (er- atlag- Co-op. F. 'to hustle about and jump
roneously inserted hetween ot1a:- and the together' San. zgv. 19 is prob. not connected,
illustrative verse, in which a t l a n w r occurs); see atlan-. Xak. XI (in a grammatical section)
two 0.0.: xtv Muh.(?)'I hope our beg will not oyna:drm a t l a ~ u :la'ibtri ruo ca'altu'l-xqar
ride today' b e g i m i : ~bu: k3:n at1a:nma:su:n fihi'l-faros 'I gambled and made the stake on
R$. 93-4 (only); Gag. xv ff. atlan- suwcir it a horse' Kay. I1 I 14, 23; similar phr. I1 226,
p d a n 'to ride' San. 291,. 28 (quotns.; not 5 ; n.m.e.
described as Rcfl, f. of at1a:-): O g u z xr 01 D edlev- Hap. leg.; Recip. f. of ed1e:-. Xak.
ta:gka: at land^: pz'ida'l-cabal 'he climbed the xr ola:r bi:r ikindknl: edlegdi: 'they es-
mountain', also used of climbing (fi .w'rid)
anything K q . I 256 (atlanur, at1anma:k):
.
teemed (or respected, tafaqqadu . . purrnu)
one nnothrr' Kaj. I 2 3 9 (edlegiir, ed1egme:k).
X w a r . srv atfan- 'to ride' Qutb 15: Kom.
rrv 'to ride' atlan- CCI; Gr.: KIP. xrv I) itlig- Hap. ICE.; Co-op. f. itil-. Xak. xr
atlan- rakiba ay ittn.wda faras 'to ride, that itligdi: ne:D indofa'ad'l-ojyyd' 'the things
 nrs. ADM 59

were pushed together' Kaf. I 139 (ltll$ii:r, 'there are dangers') with that garment' T T
itl1gme:k). V I I 38, 10-11.
D udlag- IIap. leg.; al~l~rcviatcd Recip. f. of (I)) 1da1a:- 'to give up, renounce (something
udu:la:- cf. udlat-. Xak. X I I V I ~bi:r b1:rke: Arc.)'; rare and prob. pec. to Uyg. where
udlagdl: n~njnti'l-zitid' xi/Jotn(n) 'the female it usually occurs in Hend. with I t i t - , q.v.
gazelles walked onc hchind the other (in a PvInrpholo~icnllyobscure; perhaps, like udu:-
line)' K n f . I z j y (uc_llagu:r, uc_lla$ma:k). 1a:- Ilen. V. fr. a ( k m n d f l d a : (not known
otherwise); perhaps survives in NE Tuv.
D utleg- (iidleg-) Ilecip. Den. 1'. fr. u:t. ldala- 'to send, dispatch' Pal. 563. Uy& v111
Survives only(?) in NW Kaz. utleg- (of a K. nud. isig oz y e m e ldalap adlnagunr
needle) 'tn pass through (something)' R I 1867. oliirmeyin 'I will give up my own life (but)
Xak. X I iitlegdi: ne:g inlaqobari'l-n~yo'(MS. not kill others' U 111 4, 2-3; same phr. do.
in error intaqabnt) 'the thin s wcre picrced' 57, 2 (i); 71, 27; U IV 22, 271; 40, 187-bu
Kaf I 2 3 8 (iitlegikr, iitle$&:k); rua hid6,fi'l- ii&,iide blrisin birisin titgiiliik rdala-
-nohbland this(is said) in regard to plundering'; g u l u k kezlgi 'the order for giving up (Hend.)
and one says a l p l a x utlegdi: !al$~arnati'l-abtaf these three things one hy one' T T V 26,
ruo tac~idalti'the warriors smote one another and 107-8; a m t l b u k m 8 m u n d a o k titeyin
fought' (iitlegikr, iit1egme:k; 'and one says' ldalayln 'I nil1 renounce (Hend.) this maiden
usually introduces a ncw V.; this V. was here and now' T T X 543 (see note for several
prob. itlig-, misvocalized; this would suit the 0.0. of tit- ~ d a l a - ) .
translation better, but in that case itllg- was
entered twice W. two different meanings). D udu:la:- Hap. leg.; I k n . V. fr. 2 udu: Ger.
of u:d-; cf. ucjlat-, udlag-. Xak. XI 01 am:
udu:la:d~: ittabn'ahu ma'qtaf6hu 'he followed
T r l s . ADL
(I-Iend.) him' Kaj. I 308 (udu:la:r, udu:la:-
D a d a l l g P.N./A. fr. ada:; n.n.:1.1>. Uyg. ma:k).
v111ff. hlnn. sdal1R o r i m l a r t ~ no z & ~ l u k'in
order to escape frnm dangerous places' 1'7'111 S otala:- See ot1a:-.
139 Bud. 01 taluy suvr ertlgii k o r k r n p g D a d a l a n - Ifap. leg. and rather dubious; Refl.
a d a h g 01 'that ocean is extremely terrible and rrf ada1a:- q.v. Uy& v111 ff. Bud. (various mis-
dangerous' PP 26, 4-6: Civ. adallk evlgde 'in fortunes happen) 01 kaprg t o n u r a n d a g
your house which is exposed to danger' 2'7' a d a l a n u r 'the door is closed, thus one is in
VII 30, I. danger' T T VI 234 (a v.]. onlv; some MSS.
D a t a l l g P.N./A. fr. ate:; 'having a father'. omit the phr. and others read a n d a g a d r l l u r
S.i.s.m.l. Xak. XI KB 6055 (etqi:). 'thus one is parted (from one's family)').

f)a t a l l k A.N. (and later Conc. N.) fr. ata:; D a t l a n d u r - Caus. f. of atlan- 'to mount
the position or duties, of a father; someone in (someone), give (someone) a horse to ride'.
the position of a father, e.g. tutor or step- S.i.a.m.1.g. Uyg. v111 ff.'Bud. (gap) t a g g a m
father'. S.i.rn.m.1.g. Xak. X I K R (if your ilinqiike a t l a n d u r d ~ they mounted (the
father is dead, I will be a father to you) atallk prince) for a pleasure excursion outside (the
kllayln 'I will perform the dutics of a father' city)' PP I , I : (Xak.) XIII ff. Tef. a t l a n d u r -
1552: F a g . xv fr. a t a h g l a t a g l ~ gatalik Vel. 'to mount (cavalrymen)' 63: F a g . xvff.
8 (quotn.; in Son. 3ov. 1 2 the second form is a t l a n d u r - Caus. f. suw6r kardan 'to mount
said to he an error); atallR(1) rcbrrwwnt 'father- (someone)' San. jar. 8 (quotn.): Xwar. xrv
hood' (quotn.); (2) the name of a hereditary a f l a n d u r - ditto Qutb 15: O s m . xrv ff.
office in Turkistan and Xwarazm San. jov. a t l a n d l r - ditto in several texts T T S I1 66;
13: Kom. X I V 'stepfather' a t a l l x C C G ; Gr. I11 46; I V 50.
Dis. ADM
D ut11:llg I'.N./A. fr. utlr:; n.0.a.b. Uyg.
v111ff. Civ. (your sons and people are lucky; D a t l m N.S.A. fr. a t - ; s.i.a.m.1.g. except SE,
)four elder sisters and sisters-in-law are joyful) usually for 'a single shot; the distance covered
k u n y (?Sec. f. of k u n p y ) klz utl111g 'your by one arrow shot', the implication of the Xak.
wives(?) and daughters are grateful(?)' T T I meaning is that a marksman does not need
r 56. more than one shot at his target. Cf. o k t a m .
Xak. XI a t l m e r 01-raculu'l-!uidiq fa' ramyi'l-
D utlr:srz Priv. N./A. fr. utll:; n.0.a.b. Uyg. -muqcirps 'an expert archer, marksman' Kq. I
vrll ff. Bud. Sanskrit akytajGataj.6 'owing to 75 ; yazma:s a t l m al-rrimi Id yuxfi' 'an archer
ingratitude' utlrslz bo1ma:kr iize: T T VIII who never misses' 111 59, 13; 379, 21: KB
D.14; a.0. U ZV 40, 184-5 (sevinpiz). a l p a t l m 'a tough marksman' 2043; 0.0. 1949.
4046, 5911; Gag. xvff. a t u n they say o k
T r l s . V. ADL- a t l m l 'the distance of a bow-shot', in Ar.
gafwatu'l-sahm San. 3 I r. I .
D ada:la:- Den. V. fr. ada:; existence doubt-
ful, the word quoted might be merely the Plur. D l d m a : Hap. leg.; Pass. Dev. N./A. fr. ~ d - .
of ada: but see adnlan-. Uyg. v111fr. Civ. ( ~ f Xak. XI @ m a : yrlkt: al-sd'iba mina'l-haya-
one cuts out a garment on an unlucky day) wen 'an animal which is allowed to go free'
01 t o n b i r l e n 6 k a d a l a r 'it is dangerous (or Kay. I 129 (see lduk).
 t i i m g e kiigiillcr 'othrr strnplc r~rlnds'7'7'111
164: Ih,. a d l n is cotnlnon, e.g, a d l n nf?,ll~k
etrnek/iitmek the oldcst of three similar 'another trc;~sure'PP 7, 3-4; a J ~ nb i r t o y u n
words for 'hread', the others 11cing e p m e k , 'another monk' U 111 35, 19: Civ, n d m ki$i
q.v., and e k m e k , noted in KC, NIV, and ' a third party', see 6tgi)rii:; a d r n a d t n kii7,
SW and proh. a recent Sec.. f. due to a a f i r ~ @'various cye diseases' I I 1118,bo: qlP,il
supposed connectlnn wlth e k - . d t m e k seems (Xak.) sr a d r n lmrf hi-nm'mi Rnvr an In-
to he the earlier of the two forms. Although declinable lneaning 'other' K n j . 1 7 6 ; 1gR, 20
- m e k is nom~allyan Infinitive Suff. it is not (adrulc): g 0.0. in Xak. texts: K I I y a r a n l t w
possihlc to conncct the word senlantically with s e n i g d l n ndrnkn b u a t 'this name is not
any verh, and it should he noted that fitting for anyone other than 'l'hce' h ; o n
in his main entr?, spells it with - m e k , not a d l n i k i a y 'ten and another two months'
-rnc:k. Surviws with initial o- (occasionally 132; 0.0. 1781, etc.: xrr(?) K 8 V P aflrnlar
U-) in some N E languages, R 11275, 1868,and e v e r 'others ha-ten' 47: K I ~ I ( ?'41. ) anda
NI\' Kar. T., and with initial e - o r i - (?Q-) a & n 'othcr than thnt' 116; three 0.0.; Trf.
in other NE languages, NC, NIV, and SW. a b r n 'other' 40: s ~ Rhi.
v a c l n 'uther' R 1400:
Clye. vrrr ff. h1itn.-A b i r o t m e k e g 'one of X w a r . s r v ditto Qtrfb 4.
your loarcs of hread' M 111 12, 5 (i); X I V
C/lin-t!~g. Ijict. 'hread' o t m e k R 1 1275; I e t i n T h i s word is read in 11111145, 5 (i) in
1,igrti 190: X a k . XI e t m e k 01-xuhz 'bread' a description of p;lradise; 'the harking of dogs,
Kaf. I 102; 26 0.0. of etme:k and three of the call of birds', all confusing tiresome evil
6 t m e : k : K 8 t u z e t m e k n i k e g t u t 'have a noises are not heard in the land; k o r k ~ n q r g
liheral supply of salt and bread' 1328: x r ~ r ( ? ) e t i n o l a r a r a yok'. Henning in Asin Major
Tef. e t m e k / o t m e k 'hread' 86, 251: xrv V11 1 2 2 suggested as an alternative i t i n 'push-
Alr~li. nl-.rrrhz e t m e k ( ? unvocalized) Mcl. ing'; but the obvious amendment is tin,
66, 2 ; R I ~ 165: . Gag. xv ff. o t m e k etnrek . . . almost the same outline in UyR script. T h e
nnn rnn'n6sisbm L'PI. 90; Btmek nnn h i rau.,<air passage thcn means 'there arc no terrifying
'hread without fat' San. 62r. 29: X w a r . ~ I I I sounds among them'.
Bttnek 'bread' 4 / i 46: S I V Q t m e k j o t m e k 11 otug(0:ddun) Den. N. fr. 1 0:t. S.i.a.m.l.f&;
Qrrth 53, 124; e t m e k Nnhc. 301, 4 : K o m . NE Khak. o d q : SW Az,., Osm. o d u n ; Tkm.
s l v e t m e k l i i t m e k C C I , CUG; G?.: KIP. o:dun: elsewhere otun. See Dorrfer 11 585.
X I I I (11-.rrrb e t m e k (unvocalizcd) Horc. 15, Cf. p v a : r . Uyg. vrrr ff. Uud. k u r u g o t u g
' 9 ; e t m e k (sir) so, 20: X I V e t m e k a/-,~rrhzfd. 'dry fircnond' U 11 8, 26; do. 9, 28 (iitrii):
7 ; 01-naydo 'a kind of wheat cake' knra: e t m e k Civ. tic b a g o t u g 'three bundles of firewood'
FM. S, 15: s v rrrhz e t m e k Kov. 44, 1.1; 62, USp. 9 1 , I 2: X a k . X I 0 t u 9 nl-lrntnb 'tirewood'
1 7 ; iitmek Tirlr. 14a. ro: O s m . srv ff. e t m e k Koy. I 134; I 67. 3 ( u v ~ n k )pearly , 20 o.o.,
' h e a d ' ; c.i.a.p. T7'S 1284; 11406; I11270; I V spelt o t u q twice and o:tug once: slrr(?) Tef.
714; X\,IIIe t m e k (spelt) the R h i word for o t u n l o t u g 'firewood' 240: SIV Mrrh. nl-hn!ab
&rr, 'hread', in Gag. o t m e k Son. 3ov. 25. o:dun M r f . 78. R ; R I ~ 182:. G a g . xv ff. o t u n
ditto R 1 I 106 (quotn. fr Bnhrrr; not in San.):
T r i s . V. ADM- Ktp. s r r r 01-!m!ah o:dun IIou. 17, 16: XIV
I> e t m e k l e n - Hap. leg.; RcR. I k n . V. fr. o t u n nl-!rn!nh id. I g ; Blrl. 4, I I : xv ditto Tuh.
e t m e k . X a k . X I e r etmeklendi: kafrrra 13a. 8.
mh,-11'1-mc~rlyo'ni o!rG 'the man's hread was
V U utu:n 'wicked, shatnelesa, vile'; not
abundant, thnt is he was rich' KO?. I 314
(etmekleniir, etmek1enme:k). noted after srrl unless SW xx Anat. u t u n
'calamity, misfortune' S I j D 1423 is a survival.
D u d m n k l a n - Ilap. k g . ; ReR. I h n . V. fr. Uyg. vrrr K, Dud. u t u n n r z v a n l l a r 'the evil
u c m n k (u:d-). X a k . X I e r u d m a k l a n d l : passions' U I177, I g; u t u n yavlz 'wicked and
!im'l-rocrrl &i tnhn' rcn ~iikiri'the man had evil' U 111 17. 11; 0.0. do. 20, 3 ; 42, 31;
(many) ser\ants and retainers' I i a y . I 313 u t u n savlrk 'foul-mouthcd' T T V1 119:
( u d m a k l a n u r , udmak1anma:k). Xak. xr utu:n ol-waqifi wn'l-la'int 'shameless,
d e ' Kq. I 123; u:tu:n nl-ccnqihu'l-snfih
Dis. ADN 'wicked, insolent', in antithesis to tiizii:n
'good' in prov. I 414. 13: KB u t u n 'wicked,
n t a n 'a gelded camel'; a I.-W. in Mong. as rhameless' is common 121, 341, 1670, 1923,
atnnntng (Koro. 60, Haltod 13). S.i.m.m.l.g. etc.: SIII(?)-4t. u t u n 'wicked' 108, 261.
Xak. sl a t a n 01-sn:i minn'l-ihil 'a gelded
camel' Knj. I 75 (prov.): XIV Mrrh. (under D otnii: abbreviated Ger. of *oten- Refl. f.
'camels') nl-snpi ntzxn R$ 172 (Aid. 70, !o of 6te:-. Survives in SE 'rurki iitne '(tem-
a x t n , a Pc. I.-W.): KIP. s r v a t a n (rnts- porary) loan' Sltam 18; Jarring 220 (also in
vocalized n!rtl) nl-comalrr'l-xnfi Id. 15. p$r. Btne her-). X a k . XI Btnii: harf yusta'mal
ji I-qinid 'an Indeclinable used with respect to
D a d ~ Iritrans.
n Dev. N . / A fr. l *ad-; 'other, loans'; one says m e n y a r m a : k Btnu b4:rdim
another'. Common down to xrv but not traced 'I gave the rnnncy s s a loan' (qorda(n)) Kq. I
later; almost syn. W. a d r u k , Bgi:, ozge:; 130.
later displaced, usually by Pe. digor. Uyg.
vrlr ff. Man.-A a d r n yOrllg e r 'a man from Tl u:tanq N./A.S.fr. u t a n - (uvtan-); 'shame;
*..-+h-- om.nt-9 M I *A. ro: Man. a d l n shameful', and the like. Survives only in SW
 D I S . V. A D N -
Osrn., 'I'km. utanq. Xak. X I (11-nrrrndiya 'whoevcr is callcd a good man' 2 5 3 ; yorl ud
rua'l-ma'iyir minn'l-nnrtir, somet thin^ calami- a t a n r n a ' g o , do not (let yourself) be called an
tous and disgraceful' is called u:tanq (mis- ox' I 599; a.0. 6454: XIII(?) At. (he upright, act
vocalized u:ttmg) 1:5; its origin is from uvut uprightly) a t a n kijni 'get a reputation for
al-hayd 'shame' K a f . 1, 131: ORUZ XI utanq being upright' 165 (the metre requi:es the
(td' carries both fat/m and domma) I:$ ol- pronbnciation a:tan): Tef. a t a n - to be
-omru'lla& yustabjd minhu 'a thine of which named' 63: Xwar. xrv ditto Qutb 15: KIP.
one is ashamed' 111 448. xrv a d a n - tasanrm6 'to be named' Id. 9: xv
ditto atan-/adan- Ttth. gb. 4.
D 6tenqlotilnq I'rrliminary note. The differ- D 1 a d m - Refl. f. of 2 *a@- (see 2 adrg); 'to
ence bettoern these tuxo words, Lku. N . s f r . sober up, recover from drunkenness'; prac-
%ten-(oden-), Refl. j . of 6te:-, which sur- tically syn. with a d d - . Survives as aym- and
vives only in S W A z . , Osrn. oden-, and otun- the like in some SE, NW, and SW languages.
resembles that between ijtek a k 2 "tug. Only Tiirkih vnr ff. hIan. ol tuzun e r esriiki
thefirst exists in K q . and the vocalization of the adlntr 'that good man's drunkenness passed
second syllable there is uncertain; in the first off' M 1 6 , zc-I: Uyg. v111ff. Bud. (they
occurrence the vowel sifn might be either fatha wander about like drunken men) a d m u
or damma, in the second if is missing, and in the u m a t t n 'being unable to sober up' T T V I
215-16 (v.1.; most MSS. have ogulu): Xak.
third dejnitely dan~ma;but in any event by the K B b i r anqa a d ~ n'sober up a little' 2374:
medieval period the word had definitely hecome O s m . xvrrr aym- (spelt), in Rdmi, same as
Bttinc; it survives in S W A z . 6denig; Osm., (Gag.) ayrl- h q y d r p d a n 'to come to one's
T k m . odiinq. 7'he second, after its appearance senses' San. 56v. 24 (quotn. Fudrili).
in Tiirkii, is not noted until its rcappeance in
I)2 adrn- n.0.a.b; in the Hend.adm- mugad-
S C U z b . etin$: NW K a z . utlnig R I 1864;
which is directly parallel to the phr. admqig
Kk.6tinig: S W T k m .btunqallmeaning'reqttest' m u g a d m q ~ g(see adlnqig), and must mean
and the like. something like 'to be surprised and d i s ~ r b e d ' ;
D btenq/l otunq (odenq) Dev. N. in -g fr. it might be a ReH. f. of l *a@-. Uyg. v111 ff.
*iiten- (oden-); 'loan, debt', and the like. Bud. (then the supreme god Indra, hear~ng
Xak. X I Otiinq ( ? ;see above) al-qard 'a loan'; these words and) ertigu a d m u m u g a d u
one says m e n aga:r yarma:k otiinc (?) 'being extremely surprised and disturbed' U
b6:rdim aqradtrrhu'l-dirham 'I lent him money' 11 31, 47; a.0. Suv. 16, 18.
K a c I 131: X I V Muh. al-dayn 'debt' odung D atin- Refl. f. of at-; survives only(?) in NE
Mel. 8 3 , 5 ; 6:tunq R$. 188: Cag. xv ff. 8tunq I<hak. a t m - 'to shoot oneself' Bar. 3 5 ; Tuv.
(nlis-spelt d t n u ~ ,and misplaced) 6diinp qard a t t m - 'to be shot' Pal. 73: NW Kaz. attn-
ma'ntisinn Vel. I 2 1 ; odunc (spelt) qard wa 'to swing oneself in swing'. See itln-. Xak.
dayn San. 66v. m : Oguz XI Btlltlq a[-qarh, X I 01 o k a t ~ n d ~he: pretended to shoot
one says m e n aga:r yarma:k 6 t i i n ~bk:rdim (yarmi) an arrow without actually shooting it'
a'taytliku'f-dirham qarda(n) 'I gave him the Kay. I 199 (atlnu:r, at1nma:k).
money as a loan' K a f . 111 448: K o m . xrv
'loan' otiinq C C I ; Gr. 185 (quotn.): Ktp. D etin- (6din-) Refl. f. of C:t-; with the same
x ~ r riqtarada 'to borrow' Gdunq al- Hou. 36, range of meanings as &t-. S.i.m.m.l.g.; in
18: xrv al-qard 6:dinq Bul. 6, 3. SW edin-. T u r k u v111 (they became hostile
to China but) ktinu: yaratu:nu: u m a d u k
D 2 6 t ~ n cDev. N. in -c fr. Btun-. Tiirku 'because they could not organize (Hend.)
v111 x a g a n ~ [ mben o d m ] bilge: T o n u k u k themselves' I E 10, I I E 9.' Uyg. v111R. Bud.
otiintuk ottinqimin egidu: berti: 'my Sanskrit ma!r(ionavidhau according to the
ragan deigned to hear the representations rules for ornamenting (the body)' Qt6nmek
which I myself, the Counsellor Toiiukuk, sub- y a r a t m m a k l t g tiirosinde: T T V I I I 0.8:
mitted to him' T 15. a g u l u g y ~ l a n ~etozlerin
n 6tinip yaratlnlp
Dis. V. ADN- 'ornamenting(Hend.) their bodies with poison-
ous snakes' U I V 8 , r 2-13; 0.0. Hiien-fr. 230
D a:tan- (a:dan-) Refl. f. of ata:-; generally (timen-); 319 (time:-): Xak. X I klgka: etin
used in Pass. sense, 'to be named, called; to ista'iddli'l-jitd' 'prepare yourself for the winter'
be famous'. Survives in NE; S E ; S C Uzb. K a & 1 8 2 , 13; n.m.e.: K B (in spring the earth)
(atan- not otan-); SW Az., Osm. udan-. Qtindi k o l ~kagl 'adorns its anns and eye-
T i i r k u vlrr ff. (when he goes home) 021: brows' 69; 0.0. 462, 475 (6tig): N I ( ? )K B V P
8:tanmi:g 'he himself is famous' I r k s 5 5 : (it explains) negii teg ktingii hila 'how to
Uyg. v111ff. Bud. atanmlg kiinde translates prepare strategems' 45; 0.0. 46: Osm. XIV
a Chinese phr. meaning 'on a day on which edin- 'to make for oneself' T T S I t 5 3 .
one is nominated to a higher office' T T V I 435 :
(three months ore the spring period; three D itin- Refl. f. of it-; s.i.s.ni.1. See i t i n p : ,
months are called (tdtir) the summer period) itindi:. Xak. X I 01 na:ru: itindi: (MS.
tic a y l a r a t a n u r kiiz odler tkp 'three months etindi:) taza/111afaild ddlikn'l-cdnih 'he set off in
are named the autumn period' Strw. 589, 1 I - that direction'; also used when tadahraca'l-
12: Xak. XI KB k i m edgU a t a n s a kigi -gay' bi-quwwa Bayrihi ' a thing is moved by
 V. A U N -

sorne cxtcrnal force' Kny. I 199 (itinU:r -U:/-U: sotiictiti~cshardly more than 'to verb-
(altered in second hand to et-), Itin-me:k (in ture to'. Survtrcs, usually for 'to request', in
MS. e t - ) ; (as a result of these scribal errors N C Klr. o t u n - ; K z x . 6 t h - : SC Uzb. a t i n - :
and the substitution of -ma:k for -me:k in the NW Iiaz. iiten-liitin- Kk. Btin-: SW Tkrn.
printed text, hitherto transcribed nttn-); (in titun-. T i i r k i l v111 x a g a n l m a : o t i i n t i m
a Kraniniatical para.) e r itindi: tnznhhnfa'l- a n q a : i i t u n t i m 'I made reprentations to my
-rac~il, alternative form ( h @ filri) itlldi: II #@on; this is what 1 represented' T 12;
1399 7. 0.0. do. 14, 1 5 (otunq), 2 5 ; Ongin 8: vrrr ff.
eclgii:ti: otu:n 'pray well' Irk11 I y ; k u l savl:
S u t a n - See uvtnn-. b e e i q e r u : Btu:nu:r 'the slave addresses his
master' do. 54 (in 110th cnses with parallel
D u d m - Refl. f. of U&:-; survives only(?) in clauses containing ynlvar-): Man. the refrain
Osm. u y u n - 'to sleep quietly, go to sleep'. at the end of each section of Chiras. is okUnur-
X a k . X I o:t u d l n d ~ : sa~mdati'l-nlir wa m e n y a z u k d a b o g u n u B t u n i i r m e n I repent
fofi'at 'the fire died down and went out'; and and beg to bc freed from sin'; yiikunii titiin-
one says yula: u d ~ n d ~'the : lamp (etc.) went t i l e r 'they ventured to pray' T T II ro, 81;
out' (!ofi'o); and once says a n q kutl: u d ~ n d ~ :sevin$ otuntiler'they prayed for(their) favour'
pfi'a cndd~rhir'his good luck died away' Kay. do. 83: U y g . v ~ r ~ fMan.-A f. M I 11, ~ ( 2 B t i l g ) :
I 2w (ucjmur, ud1nma:k; this must be the Man. otunii t e k l n i i r m e n ' l venture to ask' T T
right spelling but the &l is usually marked I X 5 4 : Chr. B g m e k a l k q iltundtler 'they pre-
with damma or left unmarked); !if you strike a sented their praises' U 1 6 , 15-16; a.o. do. 6,
light in a hurry) u d m u : r yula: the lamp goes 12-13 (2 a$@): Ilud. l n q a t 6 p otiindi 'this is
out' (yanfafi') I11 26, 2: K B av1nqlrJ k u v e n - what he represented' PP 4, 7 ; 5, 3 etc.; U 111
q i r ~u d ~ n g a y(-n- undotted, Arat erroneously 35, 32; O.o. U 1116, 21-2 etc. ( 2 a t u g ) ; UII
restores -I-) U t e g 'yourjoy and pride will fade 79, 52; T T 1 V 4, 14, etc.: Xak. XI 01 xa:nka:
away like sleep' 1424; u d ~ n m l g0 t u g 4412; 6tiig otundi: rufnfn'a'l-qiqnild'l-malik 'he sub-
u d l n u r b u o t 4694. mitted a petition to the king (etc.)'; its origin
is otgiindi: hakd ka-mdsanti'o 'he spoke as he
D o d u n - (odon-) Refl. f. of *od-; 'to wake u p had h e a d ' Kay. I 199 (6tiinu:r, 6tiinme:k);
(Intrans.)'. Survives only in NE Tuv. o d u n - . 6 t n u r yagl: t a p u g 'presents (ytthdi) his duty
In the medieval period displaced by +odgan- afresh' I 376, 12: K B otilndlim m u n u 'I re-
(Refl. Den. V. fr. o d u g ) which iirst appeared presented this' 85; titiinse s o z t i m 'if he pre-
In (Xak.) xrrr(?) Tef. oyan-loygan-lozan- sentsmystatement' 529; 0.0.791 (2 titiig), etc.:
234, and is noted as oyan- in xrv Mtih., o y g a n - x r r ~ ( ? At.
) a y a t11 t o r i i t m a d h titungil k a n l
in Gag. xv ff. and Xwar. x r ~ r 'Ali 47; xlv 'oh tongue! compose praises and present them,
Qutb 11.5, and as o y a n - (sometimes spclt pray' 41: 'ref. 6 t h - 'to pray' zgr: xrv
u y a n - ) in Swnr. xrv Qtrtb 196; Kom. xrv; MIIIZ.'nmdu 'to present, submit: iktiln- Rif.
KIP. X I I I not^. 35, 16; xrv i d . 26; xv Ttrh. 53. 9 ; 112 ( M d . 29, I niis-spelt): Gag. xvff. 6 t h -
6a. 5 and Usin. fr. xrv onwards; cf. o d g u r - . iltitrtlis Knrrim 'to request' Smr. 61v. 17:
T i i r k u v111ff. R h . A f I 6, 21 (U:): Uyg. X w n r . xlrr Btiirl- 'to pray, represent' 'Ali 46:
v111 ff. Bud. Sanskrit s~rprobrtd~llrnrn prnbtrd- xxv ditto Qutb 125.
Iryante 'they wake u p completely' u z o d o n -
m a : k m o d o n o r l a r T T V111 E.36 and 40; D acjna:- Intr. Den. V. fr. n&n; 'to become
8.0. Suv. 16, 15: X a k . XI e r odundr: isiay- different, to change'; later with extended
qaza'l-racul min nmndmihi 'the man woke meanings, 'to chnnge colour or flavour, to
from his sleep' Kas. I 200 ( o d u n u r , o d u n - putrefy', etc. S.i.m.m.1.g. in various forms,
m a : k ; followed by udrn- and then verse usually aynl-. X a k . xr y6:r adna:dl: fajay-
illustrating odun.): K 3 o d u n g ~ la y kokqin yarafi'l-ard 'the land (etc.) changed' Kas. I -
'wake up, preybeard!' 376: o d u n m q ki$i 'a 288 ( a d n a : r , ndna:ma:k): x111(?) Tef. a y n a -
man who has woken up' 1398; 0.0. 1523, 3951, ditto 72: XIV Ithi. n d n a - 'to change for the
4963: XIII(?)At. o d u n 'wake up!' 11. worse; (of meat) to putrefy' R I 4 ? 1 (quotns.);
D u d u n - Refl. f. of u:d-; 'follow, obey', and changed' Mrilr. ( ? ) tagayyara larun~rhri his colour
adna:tt: (sic, perhnps adna:tti: in-
the like. Always(?) used in association with tended) R$. 106 (only): G a g . xv ff. aynl-
tapln-. N.o.a.b. Tifrkii v111 ff. Man. igid (mis-spelt q,mi-) mriffl~oyyorn'l-hdljtrdnn 'to be
n o m k n u d u n t u m u z t a p l n t ~ m l ez r s e r 'if we
changed in condition', also called qag- and
have followed and worshipped false doctrines' Sag- (mis-spelt p i - , JCJ;) Snn. 56v. 7 (quotns.):
Chtms. 148-9: Uyg. v111 ff. Bud. a y a m a k X w a r . xrv a y n a - to change (Intrans.)'
a g ~ r l a m a k taptnmak udunmak klhp Qlrtb 6: K o m . xrv 'to change charactet'
'respectinp, honouring, worshipping, and
obeying' U I1 40, 105; t n p t n - u d u n - is very aynl- C C G ; Cr. 32 (quotn.).
common in TT 171 and I'II; the Bud. texts D a d n a t - Caus. f. of ndna:-; 'to change, alter
in USp.; Kuan, etc. (something)'. Survives in same languages as
D *Bten- (Bden-) Sec otnii:, Btenq. ndna:-. X a k . xr e r n d n a t t ~ ta&yynra'l-racul
:
'um~ndkdnn 'olayhi 'the man changed what was
D Btun- a Refl. f. cognate to 2 Btiig. q:v.; on him'; also used of anything that changes what
'to submit n statement or request to a superror; is on it Kny. 1 200 ( a d n a t u r , a d n a t m a : k ; sic
to request, pray'; with preceding Ger. in in MS., not -nte:k as in printed text): Gag.
 DIS. A D R
cognatr but has a different nie;~niiig.Xak. X I (the moon) y a ~ i kblrle u t r u 'in opposition (in
a d r l : al-tni~irri'a pitchfork', that is (an implc- the astrononlical sense) to the sun' 137; keldi
ment) with which wheat-stalks arc tossed u t r u 193; many 0.0.: xrrr(?) At. n e i$ u t r u
(yrrdr6) to winnow them; and anything with kelse 'whatever work corncs your way' 369;
two branches (Inhi jli'bal6n) is called adri: Tef. u t r u kel- and such phr. as a n l a r i g
hence a man is called adri: butlug, that u t r u d a 'in front of them' 333 (and see iitrti):
is nt~mnfarictr'l-fo.udnyn 'having divergent legs' Gag. s v ff. u t r u h a r p 'oppo~itc' Vd. 91
Kaj. I 126; a@: ylga:$ ,sncnrn lihd ju'bntan (quotns.); u t r u 1~liq6bi/ICO bar-6 bar 'oppo-
'a forked tree' II 331, 21; a.o. II 22, 26 (tul-); rlte, facing' Son. 621. 1 2 (quotns.): X w a r . X I V
(misplaced hctween o t m : and aprl:, perhaps u t r u / u t u r u 'in order to mect (someone);
an incorporated side-note) ayru: jlarf wn facing (something Dat.)' @rth tor : Kom. X I V
ma'ndh in lam an Indeclinable meaning 'if 'opposite, against' u t r u (once spelt ortu) is
not': hence one says munt: tl1emese:sen common CCI. CCC: G?. 267 (auotns.).
nyru: ne: kerek 'if you dn not want this',
fa-md &ifahtafi 'then what do you want?' I L) 6trik/iWiru (the latter rare) Ger. of 2 iltiir-
126: KB b u k u r s i a d a k ~ii$ a d r l t u r u r used as Adv. or Postposition (see v. G. A TG,
'this stool has three divergent legs' 771: Gag. para. 281). AS an Adv. begins the sentence and
xv fT. a y r u (spelt) cidda(n) rcn munfafil means 'then, thereupon'; as a Postposition
'extremely', and 'sepnmted' San. 57r 18 follows the '4bl. (and I,oc.?) and means
(quotn.); a y r i ('with -1') ( I ) cidda(n) wa 'because of, following on'. Survives only in
munjasil, also pronounced a y r u ; (2) dii jcisa SW Az. otrii, Osin. oturii, 'I'km. 6trf (with
'a forked piece of wood', which they put on the Abl.) 'because of, concerning'. Not to be con-
necks of crinlinals; (3) ,vrtur-i d7i kkhfin 'a two- fused with utru:. Tiirkii v111 anta: Btrii:
humped camel' do. 5 7 r 23: Kom. xrv 'forked' 'thereupon' (or 'therefore'?) T 12, 16: v111 ff.
a y r l CCG; Gr. 32 (quotn.): KIP. x ~ vayri: Man. n e d e otrii 'why?' Chtms. 165, 170; bkq
al-ja'b (sic) nua'l-wddi 'a side valley(?); d valley': torliig s a v d n n atrii 'because of (or 'by
apru: (vocalized oyrrri) al-wridi fd. 27; al-ja'b means of') five kinds of speeches' M 11120,
wa'l-rcridi syrl: Utrl. 3, 10: xv g a y 'other' 8 (ii) (mis-spelt rrfnr); Inca nydukta Gtrti
(Bzge, a y r u k ) ayr1 (ayrik(?) and bagka) 'because (the king) had thus spoken' T T I1 8,
Tuh. 89b. 13 : O s m . xlv a y r u 'parting, separa- 5 3 ; a n t a o t r u do. 10, 86-otrii 'then, there-
tion' TTS I 62; IV 62; xv 'other, different' upon' do. 8, 5 5 and 56: Uyg. vrrr anta: otril:
J I 8j. $U.S 5: v111 ff. Man.-A beg tegrilerde I)trii
(spelt trtru) 'because of (or through the inter-
S Otra: See Ortu:. vention of?) the five gods' M 1 8, 19 (and 9,
1-2); a n t a otrii (spelt ~ctru)do. 9, 3: Chr.
D utru: ahhreviated Ger. of *utur- used as otril (starting sentence) 'then, thereupon'
Adv. or I'ostpc~sition (see v. G. A,TG para. U I 6, 9; S, 8; to, 4: 13~1d. n ~ z v a n ~ l otugda
rg
289) mrnning 'opposite, facmg, agmnst', with otrii 'because of the fucl provided by the
or without an implication of opposition or passinns' U II 0, 28-9-6trii (in T T VIII
hostility. S.i.a.m.1.g. except S C and SW. Not C.l otrii; do. 11.8 Btra; occasionally Gtiirii)
to he confused with otrii. Tiirkii v111 R. and a n d a iitru arc very common: Civ.
utru: ekl: ayI@ kigi: o g k n soku:qmi:g (starting a sentence) o:trok (?crasis of b t r 6
'I met a two-month-old child' IrkB 2 ; utru: ok) 'thereupon' TT V I I I 1.7: (Xak.) xrrr(?)
ykrde: ogrl: soku:gu:p 'a thief met him' do. At. negdin otrii for the sake of material
16; (a falcon went hunting water-birds; a pre- things' 167; b u b i r 'aybdm otrii 'because of
.
datory eagle) utru: . . kopu:pan barmi:g this single fault' 363: Tef. a n d i n otrii 'there-
'rose to meet him' do. 43: Man. yiiziimiiz upon' 333 (listed as iitru): X w a r . xlv 8trU
u t r u 'facing us' (there are great difficulties) (I) 'thereupon'; (2) (with Ahl.) after, because
T T I1 6, 6: Uyg. vrrl ben utru: yorl:d[im] of' Qrrtb 124: Ktp. sv ga'n 'for the sake
'I went to meet him' $11. S 3: v111 ff. Bud. of, because of' iitri (and iiciin) Tuk. 21a. I I
(then his younger brother . . .) Kilimbi yek (and, only otri, 89b. I).
u t r u b a r d t 'advanced against the demon
Hidinha' 1J 1126, 17; kl(1)ig begke u t r u D a d i r t Dev. N. fr. a c j ~ r -'distinction,
; differ-
y o r ~ y ukeldi 'came to meet the kina' U III ence' (between things Gett.). Survives only(?)
63. 6-7; (gods, men, demons, whoever they in SW Osm. aylrt. See a@~rtla:-,*iidiirt.
may be) anlg u t r u t u r d a ~yok ~ 'thcre is no Uyg. v111ff. Man. [ p p ] a d l r t i n u k ~ t t i g ~ z
one who can stand up against him' U I V 22, 'you have explained the difference between
283; 3.0. (obscure) Hiien-ts. 2005-6: Civ. u t r u . . .' T T III 118: Bud. (since it is fully eluci-
kel- 'to come to meet' T T I 96, rrz, 175; dated in an extensive commentary in the Wei-
.
utrugtla . . keldi 'came to meet you' do. shih-lrin, he has not elucidated here) o n t o r -
I 13; B u - S I ~ tag1 u t u r u b o r l u k m 'his vine- l u g edgulernig iiq torliig t k t r u c i n g a r u
yard facing the Bu-slq mountain' USp: 2, 4: s a k m m a k k o l u l n m a k n ~ gaQmt 'the differ-
Xak. XI utru: qubriln hull jay' 'oppos~te,or ence between the ten kinds of good things and
facing, anything'; one says o:l maga: utru: the three kinds of deep nnd searching medita-
keldl: ni'a hi-qrrhdafi 'he came tn meet me' tion (Hend.)' T T V 22, 21: Civ. [ p p ] aylgli
Knf. I126;seven 0.0. with sinrilnrn~rnning:K R s u v l q n q a d l r t i yok 'thcre is no difference
(neither hehind, in front. to the right nor the betwecn your [good and] bad speeches' TT ,
left, below, above nor) u t r u o r u n 'facing' 18; 181.
i
 DIS. A D R
a d u r t 'clleek-pouch';,judgin~by the analogy and stags' U I V 34. 61 -(as for being brought
of a d u t , q.v., there 1s little doubt that this togethcr by contact) kogul koglildekller
was the original form of a v u r t , hut this b i d e biirtugup y6g a d r u k trltaglarka tug
form occurs only in one damaged passage. krlur iiqiin 'it is because the mind, when it
S.i.m.m.l.g. as a v u r t , a ' u r t , n r t , u r t , and the conies into contact with what is in the mind,
like. Uyg. v111ff. Man. (as the poison takes encounters better and superior influences' T T
hold) ad[urt]r e r n i y6rup 'his cheek- V 24, 71-2; 0.0. of ydg a d r u k do. 26, 82;
pouches and lips split' (his chin and throat T T 1/11 40, 135: Xak. X I acjruk kaliina wa
dccay) T T I1 16, 14-15: Gag. svff. a w u r t n~a'nriha&vr a word meaning 'other', in Oguz
ptcri-yirlalrnn 'mouthful', in Ar. fidq San. 53v. (ric); the Turks use adrn for 'other' (prov.)
5 (quntn.): Klp. xrrr RI-cnr'n tnirm'l-n~d'rua ICaf. I 98 (this is obviously a muddle; the
gayrrhi 'a ntouthful of water', etc., o g u r t (per- ORuz form was a y r u k , see below): KB kigide
haps miscopying of ovurt) Ifm. 38, 18 (after kigi a d r u k l b a r tellrn b u a d r u k biligdln
tacarra'n o@,urtla:-): xv jidq heck-pouch' a y u r b u tilim 'among men there are many
o w u r t TuA. zol, 7 : Osrn. X&. n v u r t in who are superior to (other) men; from this
various phr. in several texts T T S 11 70; 111 superior knowledge my tongue spcaks' 201 :
47; I V 5 1 . x r ~ r ( ? )7'eJ. a y y r k 'another'; a y r u k a y r u k
'different' 4;: X I V Muh. bi-iayr amirihim
D *ifdiirt I h v . N. fr. iidur-; cf. n d ~ r t Not . 'excluding their chief' beginden ayru:k Mel.
itself recrlrded but see udiirtliig, *udurtle:-. 18, 8 ; Rif. 97; g o y wa ayda(n) 'other, and
Thcsc \vords uccur in associaticin with similar likewise' a y r u k K$ 188 (only; the preceding
der. forms of a d w t , and the two words must entry a[-milik 'owner' a y r u k is an inexplicable
haw had comparable meanings, this one error): Gap. x v ff a y r u k (spelt) ( I ) bigdno
'choice, selection', and the like. 'strange, stranger'; (2) digar 'other', which
D a d r i k Conc. N. fr. a d w ; morphologically they also call dagr and daxr San. 57'. 19:
parallel with a d r u k hut semantically distinct, OPuz xr a y r u k Iuga bi-nta'n85nj.r Kaj. I "3:
although some modern forms of the two words X w a r . xrrr a y r t k l a y n 'other' 'Ali rz: Krp.
are identical; 'a grass with diverqent (adrr-) xrrr gayr ayru:k; gayrak senden a y r u k
creeping rhizomes; couch-grass', and the like. Ilorr. 54, 1 3 ff. (with other examples): xlv
Survives in SE Tiirki acrrk 'dhub-grass' a y r u k gayr Id. 27: xv mrdarraq 'divided'
Shaev 3, 'couch-grass' B $ 4 ; SW Osm. ayrrk nyrik (perhaps for aprrk) Trrlr. 3 4 b 12;
'couch-grass'. T h e form with - C - suggests a trrnJrtiq 'separated' a y r i k (sic, with krif) do.
reborrowing fr. Monp., but the word is not 4 8 b 10; I8 tnrci' 'not returning, non-recurrent
tractable as a I.-W. in Monp. See UoerJer I 1 (?)'a y r u k do. 3ya. I ; y o b r ; g a y a y r u k .
a y r i k 89b. 13 (and sec adr~:): Osrn. x ~ vto
.
424. Xak. xz a d r r k 'a plant (nnbt) called al-lil
'Cynodon dactylon' in Ar. Kai. I 98: (jag. xvr (only) a y r u g l a y r u k , occasionally a y r ~ k
xv ff. a c r r g (so spelt) r i p - i ,@ydh-i xrqk 'the ( I ) 'other, another'; (2) (usually with Ncg.
fibre of a dry plant', also called qayrr (not an verh) 'again' 1'7's 1 61 ; I1 82; I11 54; I V 60
ancient word) San. 3zr. 29 (quotn.): O ~ UXIZ (colnrnon).
ayrrk af-!if; it is a useful (nci'itn) plant; the
Turks call it a d r r k and the ORuz change it (D) o t r u g 'island'; too old to be a I k r . N. fr
(-d-) into -y- Kaf. I 113: O s m . XVIII a y r u k 2 o t u r - 'to sit', as has been suggested, since
(spelt) . . . (3) in Rlimi the name of a plant this form did not evolve fr. olur- until the
which is extremely tender and moist and medieval period; possibly a Den. V. fr. 1
fattens the cattle that eat it, called in Pc. fariz/ o t u r - , with the connotation of something cut
farir 'perennial meadow grass' San. 5 7 r 20. off from the mainland. Survives in various
forms in one or two NE languages and NU'
D a d r u k I'RSS. N.1A.S. fr. a & r - ; cf. a d r r k ; Kaz. u t r a w . A Dim. f.(?) o t r a q was current
basically 'divided, separated', hence usually in Kom. and IGp. (Id., Bul., Tuh.), and sur-
'different, other', and esp. 'dinerent from, vives in N W Kar. T., KOPL'.442. Most SC,
superior to (others)'; in comparisons the word NW, and SW languages use some form of
compared with it is in the Acc. in Tiirkii a t a g l a d a g first noted in Aluh. and also noted
v111ff. Man., the Loc. (unless this is a mis- in Kom. and Kip. (Id., Bul., Tuh.), which it
reading of thc Abl.) in Uys. Bud. and the is difficult to connect morphologically with
Abl. elsewhere. S.i.a.m.1.g. except S C ; in NE this word. Uyg. vrrr S. Bud. o t r u g 'island'
ayrrk, a z r ~ k ,azrrlk; Khak. a z i r l x ; Tuv. PP 33, 7 ; 36, G ; T T V 26, yr, and 94; Sun
a d m k ; elsewhere ayrrk. Cf. a d m , ogi:, 21 I , 19 and zz (spelt o t u r u g ) ; Hiien-rs. 19r5;
azge:. T u r k i l vrrr H. Man. (we do not do Kuan. 20-1 (ergu): Xak. X I o t r u g 01-cazira
what is) tegri yarlrgm a d r u k 'different from 'island' K q . I 97.
(i.e. contrary to) God's commands' T T I I 6, 5;
a d r u k a d r u k 'various (things)' Chuas. 228 e t r e k fiap. leg. O p u z X I e t r e k 01-niqar
(6:t-): Uyg. v111ff. Rud. a d r u k u z l a r mina'l-ricdl '(of a man) red-haired' K q . I ror.
various craftsmen' PP 2, 5 ; a d r u k a d r u k
do. 2, 7; SUV. 118, 6 (2 tag), 328, 6 a.o.0.- ? D i d r i g Hap. leg.; possibly an earlier form
kigide acjruk b e g r e k e r 'a more distin- of 2 i r i g ; morphologicaUy a Dev. N. in -g,
guished person, superior to (ordinary) people' but there is no trace of *idir-. Argu: XI i d r i g
PP 66, 4 ~ 5 ;nlku s r & ~ n l a r t l a keyiklerde nl-$aj>'u'l-xn$in 'anythinp hard'; originally
a d r u k r a k 'superior to al! (other) tnaral deer i r i g K q . I 102.
 DIS. A D R
D iidreg Hap. leg.; I k v . N./I\. fr. iidre:-.
Xak. xr iicjreg n e q klrll gay' m't', rco lnrrcn'l-
- d i d ba'da'l-qilla 'anything thriying, that is D a d ~ r -Caus. f. of 1 f a d - ; h:isically 'to
which increases after being scarce Kq.1103. separate (two things Ace., or something Acc.,
from s o m e t h l n ~else Ahl.)'; hence 'to dis-
D iitriik originally 'crafty, wily'; later 'un- tinguish (between things Acc.)' and even 'to
truthful, a lie'; presunlahly Dev. N./A. fr. single nut, prefer (something)'; cf. iidiir-, q.v.
2 Stur- but hard to connect semantically. Became a I.-w. in Monp.. as ajira- 'to part
Survives only(?) in N C KK., K z x . o t r u k l from (people), return home' (Ziuenirch 4) with
ilturiik. Cf. igid, eziik, yalga:n. O g u z XI further developments of meaning (Kow. 124,
otriik of-mu!ltd 'crafty, aily' K q . I 1 0 1 Haltod 26). S.i.a.m.l.p..,usually as a y l r - , hut
(verse): Gag. xv ff. otriik ('with -k') yalan r8z N E Khak. s z r r - ; Tuv. a d w - ; in NC Ktr.,
'a lie' Vel. 90; (itriik dar@ 'lie' San. 62r. 14: Kzx. acira- 'to part from (people)', re-
Kip. X I I I 01-kndib 'a lie' o t r u k (also yala:n) borrowcd fr. h,lcmg. also occurs. In some texts
Hou. 27, 4 (and see ezuk); kn&ba 'to lie' it is difficult to distinguish hetwcen the Perf.,
(6tiigle:-(;) ~ I s o )o t r u k siiyle:- (also ya1a:n etc. of a d l r - and a d t r t - , q.v. 'Tiirkii v111ff.
s&iyle:-) do. 36, 4 : s ~ btriik
v 01-koclih I'd. 8 Yeti. slti: ynqimta: kag a d l r t l ~ mbilin-
m e d i m iiq 6qime: ayita: ncjtrcl~m(the I a ~ t
S edrern See e r d e m . word is proh. an error for a d r l l d ~ m )'at the
age of six I was parted ftom my filther and did
D e d r i m Den. N. fr. e d e r ; 'saddle-pad'. Sur- not get to know him; I said farer\~ell(?) and was
vives only(?) in SW O s n ~ e. y r i m (oftcn spelt p r t c d from my thrce elder brother*' Mol. 32,
egrlm). Xak. X I ntd tn!,to'l-iza,mvayi'l-rare 16; Man. (in order to release the ti VC gods and)
'

mina'l-cdnibajn 'that which is beneath the y a r u k u g k a r ~ gacjlrgali 'to separate the

saddle-tree on both sides' is called e d r i m ; it is light and darkness' Chuar. 9-10: IJyR. vrrl ff.
(made of) leather and felt KO?. I 107: XIV Man. Bziig yad@ a d l r t q l z 'you separated
Muh. tnixaddatu'l-sarc 'saddle-pad' d y r i m M e ! . yourself and strangers' TT IZI 108; kaltl
71, 12; Rif. 117; al-cadyu ditto e y r i m kigi b u m u n q a s a v ~ ga d l r u b l l m c s e r
k e ~ e s i :Mel. 78, note 2 : F a g . xv ff. e y r l m u k r n a s a r 'just as a man does not know and
nomad--in 'saddle- ad'; also called tbrllk; understand how to distinguish between say-
N a ~ i r itranslated it 'whirlpool' San. 5 7 r 27 ings likc these' M I 18, 3 (i): Bud. i s l e iizler-
('whirlpool' is egrlm): O s m . xv ff. e y r i m inte a d i r d l m t z e r s e r 'if we have separated
'saddle-pad' c.i.a.p. TT.9 1 2 8 9 ; 11 414; 111 (living beings) from their lives' TT I V 8, 63;
278; IV 321; X V I I I 6 g r i m , . . and, in Riimi similar phr. do. 10, 13, and 14; (relying on)
'the pad which they put below a saddle' San. edgiisin a y ~ g i unc_lira bilmekke 'ability to
1091. 7. distinguish between its good and evil' Sfrv.
297. 9; (mcditatinp. and thinkiyg) a d a r a u k a r
D iidriinl N.S.A. fr. iidiir-; 'a singlc choice; 'he understands how to distinguish' U ZI g , 2;
one specially chosen'. N.o.a.1,. Xak. 31 1.7' VI 195 ( a d l n ~ i g ) ; alkuda a d r u ~ n l g
iidrum ~ i ~ c i r t t ' l - a'the
~ ~ ~choiccst
? of things' 'more distinguished than all others' Hiien-ts.
pj. Ilo7:-KB bnsa FBrilq e r d l klqi u@riimi 1902 (dubio~~s, perhaps an error for iic_lrlimi$):
then there was Firilq, the choicest of men' 53 ; Civ. in contracts for the sale of land, USp.
0.0 so, 279,417,900, 1689 (habitually rhymes 13, 107, 108, nnd 109 a & r - occurs in stock
wlth kudriim, q.v.). phr. like b u b o r l u k n ~ os l q l s ~o ~ d i i n yerke
i
D a t r u m N.S.A. fr. 2 otiir- ; 'purgative medi- aKaratemiirnig borluk a d m r 'the bound-
r k ; of this vincyard; on the east Karatemiir's
cine, purge'. N.0.a.b. Cf. oturiik. Xak. XI vineyard delimits it' 13, 7; (in a docurnent
otriim 01-darudi'l-tnrrshil 'a purgative medi-
about slaves of different uwners who had mar-
cine'; and al-ptbnrm 'spurge, Elrphorbia', (a
ried without prrmission) a & r m a t I n 'without
plant with milk? sap) is called s u t S t r i i m ; and parting them' do. 73, 7: Xak. xr 01 edgiini:
this is close to the Ar. Kay. 1 107 (meaning of yav1n:ktan adirdl: uxt5ra'l-xayr mina'l-prr
last clause obscure): K B (another said) o t r i i ~ n
lqiirgii kerek ' n e nlust give him a purge to rva mayyazahu 'he preferred the good to the
drink' 1059. bad and distinguished hetween them' ( W r u r ,
a d ~ r m a : k ,mis-spelt -nre:k); in a prov. etli:
PU o t r a n Hnp. leg.; a dubious word entered, tlrgakll: a&rma:s 'the flesh and the nail are
out of alphabetical order, between u r k u n and not (i.e. cannot be) separated' (16 yufanaq)
lqgin. X I o t r a n al-sardroil 'trousers'. I heard Kaj. I 177 (and see iidiir-); (I sought wisdom
this in Yagma: KO?. I 108. and chose a wise teacher) oziimni adlrdlrn
mnyyoztrr nafsi min b<~yna'l-ncir'I set myself
D ndrlq De\.. N. fr. a d l r - ; 'parting, parting apnrt from other pcople' 111 228, 14: K B
place'. Survix-es as ayrrg/aylr~q onlv(?) in a d l r s a iidiirse seqe b i k e Bz 'if a mnn singles
SE l'iirki B S 12 and NC Kir. S a k . X I ndrlg out, selects and can pick' (the right people) 329;
ra's krrll !ariqayt 'the starting point of any tuo iidiirdl a d l r d i kijtiirdi m 6 n i 'he selected,
roads' Kaj. I 96. singled out and raised me' 385; a d l r g a n
y a r a g l ~ gyaragslz klgig 'distinguishing be-
D iidriig Hap. leg., Dcv. N. fr. udiir;. Xak. xr tween useful and useless people' 2236; 0.0.
iidriig a:-muxrij,ara bnyno'l-ajyri' a choice 797, 3534: X"'(?) Tef. a d ~ r - l n y u r -(sic) 'to
behveen things' Kuf. Zg6. part, separate (something Arc., from some-
 D I S . V. A D R -
thing Abl.)' 40, 46: Gag. xv R. aylr- (spelt) that the initial ali/ mahslir y 6 was intended
'rrans. (lit. Caus.) V.; cud6 hnrdan 'to part'; to represent e - . Cf. etit-. Uyg, vlrr ff. Ru?.
also pronounced a y r - San. j4v. 1 1 (quotns.): Btdiirdimlz 'if we have had constructed ;
Xwar. a d l r - 'to separate' Qutb 4 ; (go and v.1. for 6tdimlz in T T I V 6, 46 (Ct-): Xak.
suckle your child and) kaqan k l m siitdin x~ 01 menig 1:gr:m kttiirdi: 'he gave orders
a d l r s a g 'when you cease to suckle him' Nahc. for putting my affair in order' (hi-illdh amri);
349, 4: K o m . xlv aylr-layr- 'to separate, to and one says 01 etCik 8:ttUrdl: 'he gave orders
distinguish bctween' CCI, CCG; Gr. 33 for the repair (bi-irllih) of his boot' Kaj. I 2 1 7
(quotn.): Krp. xrv aylr- farrago, 'to part, (httilrilr, &ttiirme:k): X I I I Tef. aag etdiirdi
separate' Id. 27: xv ditto. Tnh. 28a. I r : O s m . 'he had food prepared' 86: Gag. xv ff, 6ttiir-
xrv ff.from the earllest times two forms aytr- Caus. I.; ba-dignri ktrndnidan 'to make someone
and Ir- existed side by side, meaning (I) 'to else make, or do (something)' San. 9 4 r 22.
separate (two thinps, or one from another)';
(2) 'to split (something into two)'; (3) 'to VIJ(D) i:ttUr- Hap. leg.; between 8:tiir- and
distinguish, single out, choosd; (4) 'to with- a:qur- in a section for veths with long initial
draw, relense (someone fr. somethmg)'; aylr- vowels; prima facie a Caus. f. in - f i r - , but
in not listed in Z'TS hut occurs in a x ~ v there is no verb *i:t- with an appropriate
quotn. ( I 355) whrn it rhymes with r r - ; l r - meaning; 'to twist, spin' is normally eglr-,
occurs in ;111 lwriods down to xrx, I 355; I1 q.v., which cannot he connected with this
503; 111 345; 11' 397, and survives in xx word. Xak. xr oi a g a r bilik i:ttiirdi: afia-
Annt. SIIU 774, hut is hardly mentioned in lahu'l-fafila 'he made him twist (or spin?) the
x ~ xdicts. wick'; also used for anything that is twisted (or
spun?) Kap. 1 267 (kttilriir, i:ttiirme:k).
D a t t u r - Caus. f. of at-; with a range of
meanings similar to those of at-. S.i.rn.m.l.g. S o t a r - See otgar-.
Xak. X I 01 o k atturdl: 'he ordered (someone)
to shoot (bi-romy) an arrow, and he shot it'; VU 1 otur- Hap. leg., but see otrul-,
also when he tells him to throw away (alrahohu) otruv-. Certainly with back vowels and, if
something, and he throws it away Kag. I 2 1 7 o t r u g , q . ~ ,is, etymologically connected, with
( a t t u r u r , atturma:k): xrrr(?) Tef, a t d u r - 'to o-. Xak. X I ol s a c oturdl: gaysa'l-ya'r wa'l-
order to throw' 63: Gag. xv ff. a t t u r - Caus. -1au1b WO nahwahu 'he cut hair', (cut out)
f. andciziindan 'to order to throw, or shoot' ciothes and the like Kaf. I 176 (oturur,
San. 28r. 18. oturma:k, sic in MS.).
t d e r - 'to pursue', primarily in the sense of S 2 o t u r - Sec olur-.
chasing game or pursuing an enemy; hence
more vaguely 'to follow'. Survives only(?) in *utur- ( h t l r - ) 'to meet'; survives only in the
NE Tuv. eder-; NW Km.,Nog. iyer-; there Ger. utru:, q v . ; the basis of u t r u n - , utrug-.
is a NI.: Khak. Caus. f. jzert-. TiirkU v111R. Became an early 1.-W. in Mong. as upra- 'to
Man. m u y g a k s1Runug uvu[tsuz billig meet' (lfaenirch r57) a form presupposing a
iJqlln BderUr e r m i g 'the rnaraf doe was pur- Turkish t u t l r - . This Mong. verb was aub-
suing the rnaral stag for sexual reasons' 11.1 I sequently reborrowed as uqra- San. 64v. r r
35, 5-7: Uyg. v111 ff. Bud. [gap] Byin Qderip and s.i.m.m.l.g. as uqra-, uqura-.
'following his wishes' U I1 40, 10; a.0. Suv.
16, 7: Xak. xi m e n anl: e d e r d i m iqtafay- iidiir- 'to choose (one of several Acc.); to part,
tuhtr wa'ttclba'tu ipahu 'I followed him separate, scatter (things, etc. Ace.); to separate
and followed his tracks' Kag. I 178 (ede:rur, (something Acc., fr. something Abl.)', with
ederme:k; vocalization chaotic, fatha appa- or without 601, see v . G. A TGpara. 279, Practi-
rently changed to or from &mma and also cally syn. W. a d l r - (KO?.uses the same range
hasra on the a/i/); bu ~t 01 keyikni: ederge:n of words to translate both) and perhaps an
'this dog habitually chases (tildb) wild game'; 'attenuated' form of it. Survives only(?) in
also used of 3 man who habitually demands his NE Khak. iiziir-, same meaning, which fixes
rights (ya!lub !~aggaltri) I 157; edergeli: id6 the first vowel as U-, not 6- as normally used
xaracta li-tayid 'if you go to hunt' I 447, 6; to transcribe this verb and its der. f.s. Cf.
0.0. 111I r , 4; 111228, 12 (Bderdim tafabfu); also seq-. Uyg. v111ff. Man. b8g ajuntalu t m -
KB (this world is like a shadow) ederae kagar l l g l a n g biligsiz bi[ligtln] 6oi iidiirtiiptiz
'if you chase it, it flecs' 1409; (if your enemy 'you separated the mortals in the five states of
flees, be satisfied) e g e r m e u d u 'do not chase existence from ignorance' T T Ill 3 1 1 : Xak.
after him' 2395; 0.0. 3536, 3970. 4301 : XIII(?) xr 01 iidiirdi: (so read) ne:gni: ixrrira'l-fay'
At. biligllg blligni edergen bolur 'the 'he choose the thing' Kay. I 177 (udiiriir,
wise man constantly pursues wisdom' 105; iidUrme:k; follows the entry of a d ~ r -and
Tef. 6der-/&er- ditto 122: X w a r . X I V Byer- erroneously vocalized edir- in all 3 places);
'to hunt' Qrrtb 58: KIP. xv tnha'a 'to follow' bu: e r 01 tegme: ne:gni: DdUrge:n 'this
Byer- Tuh. roa. 8. man is constantly making a choice between
things' (yuxayjir hayna'l-an.6') I 157 ;( B u d r a ~
D 6ttiir- Caus. f. of 6:t-; with a range of returned and) a l p a : g u t ~ n Udiirdi: ixfcira
meanings similar to those of 6:t-. S.i.a.m.1.g. abtiilahu 'chose his (best) warriors' I 144, 8;
In Kav. includerl in a section for verbs with a l p erenni: iidiirdUm 'I scattered (farraqtu)
short initial vnrvel.;, which perhaps indicates (the enemies') warriors' (and twisted their
 68 D I S . V. A D R -
nccks) 1370, 2 1 ; (treat your cr~mradc\v141 and) I) a d a r t - Caus. f. nf * a f l a r - , 111trnns.I k n . V.
a d l n iifliirme: 'do not choose (Iri mstrir) f. ndn:. N.o.xt>. l ' i i r k i i v111If. (if you \wnr a
another' 111 I I , 3 ; bogu:ni: i i a i i r d u m 'I clear blue stonc) y a t k i ~ 1 : a:c!a:rtu: (sic)
choose (i.rtdrf~c)a wise (teacher)' 111 228, 13 u m a : z 'a stranger cannot e n d a n ~ c ryou' 7by.
(cf. a p ~ r - ) :K B b u i k i b e d u t u r i i d u r m l $ 23-4 ( E T I ' 11 58); similar phr. do. 29
k u l u a 'these two things make a chosen ( a g u : l u k ) : Uyg. vrlrff. Ilud. SIIV. 73-4
servant great' I j z ; k a y u s m t i l e s e i i d u r g i l describes the ten stages t l ~ r o u ~which h vir-
b l r i n 'choose one of them whichever you wish' tuous beings pacs on thcir way to pcrfectirjr~,
244; 0.0. 148, 327, 329 ( a d l r - ) , 2342 (tut@:k), in each r~fxrhicli tllcy remove ohctncles and
3534: X I I I ( ?Tef.
) u @ r - 'to choose; to prefer' dangeri wl~ich'endanger' ccrtnin things ( I h t . )
242 (6d;ir-), 321 (udr~r-):X w a r . S I V iidiir- 'to e.g. b e l g u g Gqiirrnekke a d a r t t l a y l t t d ~ g
choose' Qrrth 1 2 1 (6drir-), 1 9 s (trdrrr-), 202 aflalar12 'the ol)rtacles and dancers which
(iidiir-); n r n p t z d a b l r k a p u~d r i i g 'pick out endanpcr t h r supprcssicm o f visi1)le signs'.
one o r two of yourselves' h'nhc. 365. 13;
3.0. 282, 1 1 : T k m . X I I I (after a list of KIP. D n d ~ r t -C t ~ u sf. of n d t r - and practically syn.
meanings) i i r - (vocalized ewr-) intnsnhn'l-fay' W. it. In some forms dilficult to diat~ncuish
mino'l-o.rydb' t o pick one thinp out of several' fr. a f l t r - ; both the enl-ly ocrurrcnces n l i ~ h t
Ilorr. 30, I : Osrn. s ~ (I'LT) v l i r - ' W chnose, hclong t o n f l ~ r - . Survives, wirh the sanle
pick rut', 3 quotns. fr. one test 7'1:s I 74;. phonetic chnnpes in most of the s;une lan-
guagcs as :rc_llr-. 'Turku v111tf. YCII.Afd. 28,
I3 o t u r - , etc. Preliminary note. ?%ere ore three 5 (inilgu:): Uyk. vlrl If. Uud. bilge b i l i g d i n
w r l y verbs of this fornr, rrnrt in S O ~ Wirrodern a f l r u t n q ~(?read n f l ( t ) r t t q ~ )'d~stir~gui.;hed
by rvisdonr' T T C' 24, (17 t ~ n d 7 j : (Xak.)
lan~~rrrpes vrrbs of similnr Jortn zrlrich ore Sec.
xlv Mtrh. in ~ l l e l .38, 6 ; l i ~ f125 . ay1:rtmnk
J.s of oflrer verbs like o l t u r - ; it is not ulways is used to translate a wol-d spclt 01-inf&I
eosy to identijS the ori,qinnl forms 01some of 'to (cause to) pierce through, transmit' (cf.
Ibex vprbs. 2 o t i i r - ) in Mel. and 01-ittiprid 'to burn' in
RiJ.; neither meaning seems appropriate and
1) 1 ii:tur- Ilap. leg. ?; C a m . f. of G:-. X a k . some words may have fallen out hetween the
xr 01 marJa: sB:z 0:tiirdi: d ~ l m r nl i ' l - h o l h Ar. and Turkish entry. AnJu& does nnt nccur
'he reminded m e of the statement (etc.)' Kof. in Mirh., ittnqndn is (correctly) translated
1 267 (6:turiir. 0:tiirme:k). y a l i n a - (cf. a c j r ~ l - ) .
D 2 otiir- Caus. f. of 1 6 t - ; with a range of D u d r e t - C a m . f. of udre:-. Survives only(?)
rncanings similar to those of 1 o t - ; cf. o t g i l r - in SW Osm. u r e t - , same meaning. X a k . X I 01
which is tiiore o r Irss rynotryn1ous. Survives tava:rlg uflretti: tntninnrn'l-mril run nnrn-
in N E Knq., Koih., Sag. as u t t u r - R 1 1868; nrtilrrr 'he increasei (I lend ) tile property'
Khak. i i t t i r - ; in NW Kaz. as o t i i r - ; in S W Kaf. 1261 ( i i j r e t i i r , i i d r c t m e t k ) .
?'km, and in s a Anat. as n t u r - S D l ) r 121 and
perhaps u t t i i r - 1439. Xnk. SI 01 t n : m Btiirdi: 1) a p r l l - I'ass. f. of n d t r - ; 'tn he scp:rr:~tcd,
'he pierced (fnqnbo) the wall' Kng. 1 176 partcd; to hrenk away fmnr (snmconc AM.,
(iitiiriir, 6turme:k): Cng. xv IF. i i t u r - orcnsirmally 1)rrt.)'. S.i.n.1n.l.g. K. the same
(spelt) Caus. f.; gndnrdnidnn 'tu cause to pass phonetic changes :IS s d l r - . T u r k u v111
through'; abbrev~ationof 6 t g e r - Son. 59v. 14 T u r k u b o d u n xnni:n b u l m s y i n t a v g a g d a :
(quotn.; pointing out that I'el. 79 gave the ndrrltt: 'the 'I'iirku people, because they had
same quotn. with the niis-spelling 6tiiz-): Klp. no s n n of their o\vn, bmkc away from China'
xlv o t i i r - !nqnbu Id. 8 : xv nnffodn 'to transmit, T 2; kag yortp ~ l t e r X l ~n f t a n k a : a d r l l -
send through' o t t u r - Ttrh j j h . I I : O s m . xlv m a d u k y a g ~ l m n d u tegri: k Bilge: X a g a n d a :
g o g s i i n ijtiirdi 'he sighed deeply, i.e. forced a & ~ l m a l l m 'just as father marched and did
(the hrcath) through his chest' T T S 1 570. not hteak away from l?lterig X a g m o r mis-
behave, let us not break away from the holv
D 3 v t i i r - l o t t u r - Caus. f. of 2 fit-. Survives Bilge Xakan' Ongbt I I : v111H. Yen. b a g l r n
onlv(?) in S\%'Osm. o t t u r - , similar nlcaning. b o d u n ~ m k a : a d r ~ l t i m'I was parted from
~ a k sr . 01 s l b l z g u : (misvocalized) otiirdi: my clan and people (by death)' hfoL 27, 7 ;
m n a h r r hi'l-rnizntdr 'he plaved the flute' K q . 0.0. do. 27, 3 ; 2 8 , 2 (?),3 (?),6(adr1lu: bardt:),
I ; j 6 ( n t u r i i r , 6 t u r m e : k ) ; ktblzgu: iitturdi:, 9; 29, 3 ; cf. 0.Klr.: Man. y n r u k t e g r l l e r d e
same trarlslation; also w e d of anything from a d r r l t t 'he was separated from the gods of
which a sound cunies as the result of your light' Cl~trns. l 1 6 ; y a r u k l l k a r a l l k a l t ~
action (hurlo!n minhril-yiyd!r hi-fi'lik) I 217 a d r t l g a y 'how will the light and darkness be
( o t t i i r u r , 0ttiirme:k). separated?' do. 170-1 : U:& v111 ff. Man.-A
s i z i n t e a c j r n l t u k d a b e r u smce heing parted
iidre:- 'to increase, multiply, flourish', and the from you' M I 10,s : RIan. ncjrrlrnallm 'may
like. Survives only(?) in S W Osm. i i r e - , same we not l)e parted' A l 118, 17 (ii): Bud. a m r n k
meaning. Xak. X I iidre:dl: ne:g k n l ~ r r a y e m e n d r ~ l u 'friends, r too, are parted' PP 78,
roy'tr'l-py' 'the yield of the thing increased' c,: 0 . Km. 1s I f a d r l l t l m 'I have been parted
Knp. I z73(iidre:r,ucjre:me:k): K B ( a t table- From' (my wife, children, people, etc. Dot., less
stretch out your right hand and pronounce often Abl.) occurs in nearly every funcrary
the name of God) yCgii ucjregey 'your food inscription; cf. 'l'iirku v111 ff. Yen.: X a k . X I
supplies will increase' 4597. yo:l a d r ~ l d l tr~fnrnrt/n'l-tr~riq~i~r
: 'the two roads
 TRIS. ADR 69

parted'; also used of two friends (nlifa~'n), 'spring from the ground .and open' (yanfaric)
or two tceth (sinrroyn) which have a pap Kaj. I 233 ( a d r ~ g u : r , atlrrgma:k)-ola:r
(1az6yal) hctwecn thcrn Kaf. I 2 4 7 (adrtlur, Ikki: a y n g d ~ :tazdj~ulri wa la/armqci; l@o
adrl1rna:k): ICB a d r ~ l u r m e nsenigdin ' I fi'l-&l 'altcrnative form with -d-' I 270
am parting from you' I 276: ~ I I I ( ?7' ) 4.
addr-, (ayrlgu:r, ayrtgrna:k; prob. Oguz): Gag.
a d r u l - , azrll-, a y r ~ l l 'to be separated, xv ff. ayrlq- ( 4 1 ) ayrtl- Vrl. 41 (quotn.) (San.
parted (from Abl.)' 42, 43, 45; X I V Aluh. al- 5 5 ~ 2. spells this word ayrillg- a z ham cudd
-inf;rrid 'to seclude nncself, be isolated' &an 'to he parted from one another', with
ayrllrnak MrI. 37, 8 ; Rif. 123: Gag. xv ff; two quotns, one the same as V e l . ' ~ ) .
a y r ~ l -(spelt) I'ass. f.; c~rdrijr~dan 'to he parted
San. 54'. 28 (quotn.): Xwar. xrll ayrularn V U D otrug- Iiap. leg.; Co-op. f. of 1 otur-.
bizler 'let us part' 'Ali 28: xrv a d r ~ l -'part' Xak. xl 01 m a W : kcsme: o t r u ~ d l : 'he
Qirtb 4; ayrtl- do. 6 ; MN 371 ; ogul k i z l a n - helped me to cut (fi ca.=) the forelock'; also
d l n x a t u n l a r ~ d madr111p 'part'ng with their used of anything of which the excess quantity
sons, daughters, ,.,ives7 256, a,o. is cut off with scissors (yttqta' ziyridotrrhu hi'[-
-miWd) KO$. I 2 3 3 (otrWu:r, otru9ma:k).
271, 8: KIP. X I I I ,ffir.aqa 'to forsake' ayril-
N ~ u42, . 21 :
farnqa
a ~ l r l a (sic)
and)
- tnfnrraqa Id. 27:
T'rh' 28a' ' I
,) utruS- f , of *utur-; oppose one
another; to meet nnc another'. Survives only
(perhaps a Sec. f., not scrihal error). (?) in NE Tel. udurag- R I 1714 and forms
VUD o t r u l - IIap. leg.; Pass. f. of 1 otur-. like u ~ r a 9 -(San. 6 4 ~ 28)
. which are rehor-
Xak. xr s a c o t r u l d ~ :'the hair (etc.) was cut' rowin@ fr. MOW. Xak. X I 01 a g a r utrugdl:
(qtrysn) Koj. I 2 4 6 (otrulur, otru1rna:k). qdwamhu f i amr 'he opposed him over some-
thing'; and one says 01 maga: utrugdl:
U iidrul- Pass. f. nf udtir-; 'to he picked ru8cahani 'he confronted me' K q . I 232
out, chosen, set apart'. Survives only(?) in NE (utrugu:r, utrugma:k); okta:gall: utru9u:r
Khak. uzuril-. Uyg. vlrl ff. Man.-A t u z u 'each of them was on the point of shooting the
iidrulmlg a r l g d l n d a r l a r 'all the picked other with an arrow' (k8da . . . an yarmi . . .
pure Elect' M I 28, 16: Man. T T 11131-2 bi-sahm) II 97, 16.
(@l:): Bud. y o k clgay bolmakllk tilta-
grndln 6ai iidr"lur 'he is from D udreg- Hap. leg.; Co-op. f. of W e : - with
the cause of being poor and destitute* T T V the connotation of cumulative action. Xak.
22, 40-1; o,o, pfahl, 6, (6:d); U 1 1 42 8 X I ke~e:$li:g bi1i:g iidregii:r of-ladbir id6
(mis-spelt Gtrtil-); Sltw, 166, 7 ; 618, 4: ~ { k . m u h q a h ~ h ) hi'l-~crd ~ a z d s d kull
adriildi: ne:l) xrl,,,,ira,l-gay* wn mllyytyrza yawm kusnrrhu 'when knowledge is fertilized
'the thinn was out and set aparts; also by counsel. its goodness increases every day'
when a detachment and its men are set apart on , K a ~ . 2321 4 ;
one side (in!~rizi,-oti'l-fi'o rua ricdlrchu crinibn(n)) D "drug- Co-op, f , of iid"r-, Sunives only
one says a n t 9 ere:nl: udriildi: imtdzn rirdluhu i,, NE Khak, uziirig-, Xak. ol maga:
cciniba(n) 'his men were set on one sidc' Kog. I tawa:r (sic) udru9dl: helped me to
247 (tidriiliir, iigru1me:k). ('aid taxyir) the wares (etc.)'; also used for
D ijtrul- ~ 1leg.~; ~ f . . of 3 otur-. Xak. competing Ka?. Iz34(udru~fi:r,fidrli9me:k).
xr s ~ b l z g u : otruldi: 'the flute was played' D ijtrug- Hap, leg,(?); Re+, form of
(guyyi!ra) K q . I 2 4 6 (Btrulur, otrulme:k). otiir-; cf. iitgurug-. ola:r blr
D utrun- ~ ~ f, f of
l .*utur-; bi:rke: b i t i g G t r u ~ d i : 'each of them got a
oppose, resist,
approach, (someone Dal,), N,o,a,b, letter through (anfada . . . of-kitrib) to his com-
vlll Atan, M 111 (i) (1 Uyg. rade'; its origin (asluhu) is otgurugdi:; also
vIrlff, Bud, u l u g k a utrundum totadlm used for and in getting
oznedim e r s e r a i fI opposed, disparaged through (fi tanfid krrll ~ ~ 3 ' Kaf.') I
'3' (6tr"9ur' otrugme:k)'
or rebelled against the great one' U 1177, 17;
a.0. do. 86, 34; (the five kinds of sin called)
u t r u n m a k 'opposition, rebellion' (Chinese T r i s . ADR
texts ni, same mean in^ (Giles 8,227)) SW.134, ~ U otura:
D ~ . ~ . ~ .meaning
b . ; clear, etymo-
16: Civ. s a g a utrundacl k h l l e r 'the people logy doubtful; best explained as a
Who oppose YOU' T T 1 5 0 : Xak. xr 0l m a g a : Dev. N. fr. 1 otur-, Uyg. vrlr ff. Civ, (in a
u t r u n d ~ :qfirontoni 'he opposed me'; and one prescription for a sore throat) hir
says Y B : ~ ~ t & a : ~ kutrundl:
a istaqhalali'l- b u d a n t tiiz o t u r a y a r l p o t u r a s l n azklya
-rihu'l-pcam 'the wind blew against the tree' oyup oy kllSp a liquorice root an
Kaf. 125 t ( u t r u n u r , utrunma:k). inch long into (two) equal parts; hollow one
D adrlg- ~ ~f , of ~ i; ~
part ,
from part out a little making a hole in it' (and insert
one another' and the like; usually Intrans., various drugs) H 1 4 ~ - 7 ;a.o. do. '5'.
occasionally Tmns. S.i.a.m.l.g., W. the same D 8 m d : seeotr":.
phonetic changes as a d ~ r - Xak. . X I o1a:r i:ki:
adrlgdl: taf6raqa'f-rafiq6n wa taz6yalC 'the PUD iterci Hap. leg.; inexplicable in this
two comrades parted and went separate ways'; spelling; perhaps to be read as ederci Dev.
in a verse y8:rde: kopa: adrlqu:r (the flowers) N.Ag:fr. Bder-, 'hunter'. Uyg. wrl ff. Bud. (in
70 T R I S ADR
a list of men regarded as disreputable hecause L) iidrilndi: Pass. N.1A.S. fr. Rcfl, f. of
they take life) (butchers, poultry keepers, iidtir-; 'chosen, choice, select'. Survives
swineherds, fishermen, hunters, trappen, only(?) in SW Osm, orlindu/iiriindi Red.
fowlers) iter$i(?) (killen of flying and creep- 247. Xak. X I udriindl: ne:g 'a choice (al-
ing things) TT I V 8, 57. (See vvRav:.) -nrirxtAr) thing' Kay. I 145: KR bayat
k u l l a r m d a eg iidriindiisi 'the choiccst of the
1) a d ~ r t l k l l gIIap. leg.; occurs in IJyg. vrrr ff. servants of (;od' 2598: ;III(?) K D P P ynln-
Bud. in T T VIII G.67 translating R lost vaqlarda iidriindusi the choicest of the
Sanskrit word. Presumably P.N./A. fr. a Dev. Prophets' 6 : Xwar. xiv tegrlnig iidriindi
N. in -k fr. a d ~ r t -and more or less synony- ku11 'the choscn servant of ( h d ' Nnhc. 90, 12;
mous with adtrtlrg. xal3ycqlarnq r n i i l l a r m l ~iicjriindiisi 'the
choicest of the people's property' do. 250, 4:
1) adlrtllg P.N./A. fr. a d ~ r t 'possessing
; dis- O s m . x ~ ff. v iiriindii (sic?) 'chosen, select';
crimination, ahle to discriminate; distinguish- c.i.a.p. down to svrr T T S I 747; I1 955;
able; derailed'. N.0.a.b. UyR. v111ff. hlan.-A 111 733; 11' 805: xvrrr iirtinclti (npclr) in
iiqiigki adlrtlng iidurtliig yoruglug tirigOz Rrimi, intixrih 'choosinp, choice' Son. 71v. 22.
'a living soul able to discriminate and choose
(between good and evil) and provide explana- 1) u t r u n u k IIap. leg.; I'asq. N.1A.S. fr.
tions in the three times' M 1 2 6 , 16-17: Dud. utrun-. Uyg. vrrr H. Civ. (cap) a:y te:gri
an1 bizige adrrtllg yarllkazun 'let him com- ya:rokln u t r u n u k krtiirmig ke:re:k 'he
municate it to us in detail' U I11 68, 25; a y must spend his time exposed to the moonlight'
e m d i adlrtllk scizlegil 'speak to us now (and T T VIII I.18.
explain) in detail' USp. rogh. R ; a.0. T T VI
383 (acuk).
T r i s . V. A ~ R -
D iidurtlug &p. leg.; I'.N./A. fr. *iidiirt;
'able to choose' Uyg. vrir ff. Man.-A AT 1 2 6 , D ad1rtla:- Dcn. V. fr. a d l r t ; 'to distinguish
I 5-1 7 (adlrt119).
between (two things Acc.)', with various
extended meanings later. Survives only(?) in
D a d ~ r t s ~Priv.
z N./A. fr. a d ~ r t ;n.0.a.b. NW I<ar. a r t l a - R 1 3 1 6 ; Krinl a y ~ r t l a -R I
Uyg. vrrr ff. Bud. m e n i g y u r e k i m t e isig 32; and S W Osm. aylrtla-. Considering the
iizumte a d ~ r t s l zkogulln o l u r g ~ l'sit with constant parallelisn~between a c j ~ r -and iidiir-
thoughts inseparable from my heart and soul' and their respective der. f.s, a parallel fonn
U I11 83, 5-7; (they had a foml and body) *udiirtle:- must have existed but only its SW
k a m a g yalaguklarda a d l r t s ~ z 'indistin- Osm. form uyurtle- seems to be noted. It
guishable from (those of) all men' T T V1 356 still survives in Rep. Turkish ns ogiirtle-
(with a d r u k s ~ zv.]. for a d r r t s ~ z ) . (tiyiirtle-) hut in xx Anat. where thc recorded
forms are ortle- S U D I , I 16; iiyukle-,
D ntrukr: N.1A.S. fr. utru:. Survives only(?) uyiitlc- I , 441 ; itgurtle- 17oJ; iigutle- 1708,
in NE Tuv. u d u r g u 'front' (teeth). Xak.xl K D initial U- prevails. Uya. vrrr ff. Bud. Sanskrit
kigi u t r u k l agka s u n m a elig 'do not stretch vicayo 'investigation' n o m a:twtla:ma:k T T
out your hand to food in front of other people' VIII A.zr ; Sanskrit hhirtne~rr'in the divided'
4130; 0.0. 2716, 4598: XIII(?) Trf. yuzi a:tlrtla:mqla:rda: do. F.4 (in these texts
utruktnr 'what is in front of his face' 333. -t- prob. pronounced -a-); e d g u ay@
k ~ l ~ n qadlrtlagall
lg u y u r 'he can distinguish
D a d r u k s u z Hap. leg. (?); Priv. N./A. fr. between good and bad deeds' U III 5, r 2-1 3 ;
a d r u k ; 'indistinpuishahle'; synonymous with (wisdom) edgiili a y ~ g l ln o r n l a r ~ a~ p n g a r l p
z , Uyg. vrrl ff. Bud. T T V1 356.
a d ~ r t s ~q.v. a d ~ r t l a p'investigating good and bad doctrines
and distinguishing between them' T T V
D o t u r u k Pass. Ilev. N.!A. fr. 2 bttir-; 24, 76; a.0. Sttv. 302, 12: Civ. o t kuyurdi
'diarrhoea, suffering from diarrhoea'; cf. a l t u n u g a d ~ r t l ~ @ ~bclgii
l u k b a r 'there is an
1 ntiig, o t r i i m ; morpholopicnlly identical, indication of refining fire-smelted gold' T T I
but semantically quite distinct, fr. otriik. 70-1: (Xak.) xrv Mrth.(?) ixtira 'to choose'
Survives, W. the same meaning, only in S W xx (oz1e:-; in margin of one MS.) iiyurtle- W-l.
Anat. iitriik, (Iturek, iitiiru, iituruk S D D 22, 3 (perhaps a S W gloss): GBg. xv IT.
I 120-1. Uyfi. vrrr ff. Civ. oturiik 'diarrhoea'
aytrtla- (spclt) a z ham crrdi hardan 'to sepa-
II I 2 ; o t u r k e (?error for oturiikke or rate from one another'; and metaph. tafriq
otiigke) c m 'a rcmedy for diarrhoea' do. 190. tun tatnyiz-i rrilz u bad 'to distinguish and
D ederlig P.N./A. fr. eQer; s.i.a.m.l.g. with discriminate between good and bad' San. 55r.
6: Osm. xrv ff. aylrtla- 'to choose, select;
the same phonetic chances as eper. Xek. XI refine (metal); investigate (a matter), settle (a
(aftcr ecjerlik) and with -g (i.e. ederlig) dispute); weed, clean (a ficld)' c.i.a.p. T T S I
$$ihn'l-sarc 'owning a saddle' Kaj. I 151.
58; 1178; I11 52; I V 58; once (xrv) ayltla-
D ederlik A.N. (Ctrnc. N.) fr. e d e r ; 'saddle- I 59 ({mis-spelling)-uyurtle-, sometimes
tree'. S.i.s.m.l.p. Xak. XI ederlik 'the piece of spelt Ugurtle- 'to pick out, choose, select', tn
wood (a/-rajah) on which the saddle is placed all periods I 742; I1 949: 111 727; I V 801:
Kaj. 1151. xvlrr Iiyiirtle- intixcb 'to choose' San. 9zr. 13.
S edremlig See erdemlig. D *iidiirtle:- See a d ~ r t l a : - .
 TRIS. ADS 71

D eder1e:- Den. V. fr. e d e r ; 'to saddle (a Dis. V. ADS-

hone, etc. Acc.)'. S.i.a.m.l.g. W. same phonetic D atsa:- Iiap. leg.; Desid. f. of at-. Xak. XI
changes as eder. Xnk. xi e r a t eder1e:di: 01 o k atsa:di: 'he wished to shoot (romy) an
'the man saddled (osraca) the horse' Kay. I arrow' Kaj. I 2 7 5 (atsa:r, atsa:ma:k).
3 0 0 (ederle:r, eder1e:rne:k): X I V Muh. asro-
ca'l-ddbbo eyer1e:- M d . 22. 7 ; R$ 103 (in D etse:- 1Iap. leg.; Desid. Den. V. fr. et.
margin eder1e:-); . . . isrrichri 'to saddle ~ t ' Xak. X I e r et8e:dl: qarimn'l-rocul ild'l-lahm
eyerlemek (spelt -moh in error) Mel. 39, 4; 'the man craved for meat' KO#.1275 (etse:r,
R$, 126: Xwar. X I I I eyerle- ditto 'Ali 55: etse:me:k).
X I V ederle- ditto Qrrrh 18: KIP. xrrr onaca
mitt iardri'l-fnms eyer1e:- (misvocalized) Jfou. D rdaa:- iiap. leg.; Drsid. f. of I:&. Xak. X I
36, rq: x ~ cyerle-
v osraca fd. 26: xv ditto Knw. 01 k u l m maga: 1glsa:dt: 'he wished to send
77, r ; Ttth. 76h. I and 3. (yab'o~) his slave to me' Kny. I 276 (rdsa:~,
1dsa:ma:k).
U u t r w l a n - Rcfl. Den. V. fr.&tru:. Survives
only(?) in N E Khak., 'I'uv. udurlan-; hut the I) itse:- Iiap. leg.; Ilcsid. f. of it-. Xak. xr
basic and Recip. f.s s.i.s.m.l.g. g a k . X I 01 a g a r 01 ta:sik itse:d~:'he wished to move (yudah-
utru:landr: wcicahnhu 'he confronted ,him' -ric) the stone' Kay. I276(itse:r, itse:me:k).
KO$.I 2 9 6 (utrulanur, utrulanma:k, slr).
D 6tse:- Hap. leg.; Desid. f. of 1 tit-. Xak.
Dis. ADS xr 01 ii:ttin otse:di: 'he wished to get out
D a t s i z (a:dsiz) Priv. N./A. fr. 1 a:t; 'name- (yoxr~rc)of the hole'; also used of (wishing to)
less', used particularly in the phr. atsix pass through anything(fi n u f g min kull fqv')
erge:k 'nameless (i.e. ring) finger'. S.i.a.tn.l.g. KOS. I 2 7 6 (atse:r, 0tse:rne:k).
In some contexts, e.g. the Proper Name Atslz,
it is hard to decide whether this is the word D etset- Hap. leg.; Caus. f. of etse:-. Xak.
concerned or the parallel Priv. N./A. fr. 2 a t XI 01 meni: etsetti: oqramani il2LlaItm rra
'horseless' (first noted in Kip. XIII Hou. 52, 3). gahhrini 'he made me crave for meat and
Uyg. v111 ff. Bud. T T V S, 55 (iqtirti:): whetted my appetite' Kaf. I 262 (etsefilr,
(Xak.) xrv MtrA. 01-honpnr 'the ring finger' etsetme:k).
a t s i z MP!. 47, 12 (mis-spelt 0na:st:); Rif. 141
(mis-spelt atax:): Gag. xv ff. atsiz bi-ncim D u t s u k - Emphatic Pass. f. of ut-; 'to be
'nameless' San. 3ov. 15 (with U note on the defeated by (someone Dot.); to lose at gamb-
P.N. Atsie): Kip. x m al-banfor sdsl:z ling'. N.0.a.b. Uyg. v m ff. MM. b u yak
p a r m a k (bd) HOU.20, I 5: XIV atgiz p a r m a k tozliig ilpke nlzvani Qyin u t s u k u p 'being
(bd) ditto td. 12 (after orta: p a r m a k ) : xv overcome by this passion of anger rooted in
a[-bnnsar a d w e parrnak (66) Kaw. 61, 4: nothingness' T T I1 17, 80-3: Bud. a d l n l a r k a
Osrn. xv-XVI ads12 'of evil repute' in three u t s u k m a k s l z 'unconquerable by others' U I I
texts TTS 1 4 ; I V 4. 51, 6; 0.0. U I1 58, 3 (i); Hiirn-ts. 1802: Xak.
XI 01 varma:km utsuktl: oiimira dardhim fi'l-
D cdslz Hap. leg.; Priv. N./A. fr. e:d. Uyg. -1a'ib-'he lost his money at'gambling'; als; of
v111 ff. Man.-A (just as craftsmen (uzlar) can- losing other things; prov. (utsuka:r &lab
not use) edsiz nen 'an unserviceable thing' 'he is defeated') Kny. I 242 (utsuka:~,
(i.e. as a raw material) M I 16, 14. utsukma:k).
D etsiz Priv. N./A. fr. e t ; 'tlcshless, lean'. T r l s . ADS
Survives only(?) in SW Osm. Xak. XI K O D u d ~ s ~Intrans.
k Dev. N. fr. U@:-; 'sleep'.
(if you see the face of a shameless man) etsiz
s6glik 'it is a bone with no flesh on it' 2206: N.0.a.b. Tiirkii vrrr (when I heard this news)
Gag. xv ff. in San. jov. Btslz bi-@it! 'fleshless' t u n ud1si:kirn kelmedi: 'sleep did not come
mentioned as an alternative form of the I'.N. to me at night' T 12 same phr. but with
Atalz. ucjisikim T 22.
11 otsuz Priv. N./A. fr. 2 ot; 'without grass C ata:sa:gu:n 'physician'; compound of ata:
'father' and sa:gu:n a title(?). N.0.a.b. Xak.
or vcgetatimi'. S.i.s.m.l. Tiirku v111ff. o t s ~ : ~
s u v s u : ~kalti: uyi:n 'how can I get on with- X I (after ata:) ata:sa:gu:n of-tabib 'physician'
out grass or water?' I r k B 45: Uya. vIrr ff. K o j . , I 86, 5; (after s a g u n ) 'and the Turkish
Civ. otauz [gap] T T VII 17, 7 . physlc~an(nl-!obibtc'f-trrrki) is called ata:sagun
1403, 5.
D Bdsiiz Priv. N./A. fr. o:d; 'timeless; un-
timely, premature'. N.o.a.b. Tiirkti v111ff. D agasiz Priv. N./A. fr. ads:; 'free from
Man. (if you lawlessly sin) odsuzke 'against danger, in safety'. N.o.8.b. Uyg. vIrr ff. Man.-
the Timeless One' (i.e. Zurvnn) T T I1 6, 8: A fgsfzin a d a s r z ~ nt u r a l ~ m'may we remain
Uyg. v111ff. Bud. odsitz kolusuz olrnez 'he free from illness and danger' A4 I 2 8 , 27; Man.
does not die prematurely (Hend.)' T T V I (ad)asizm t u d a s m n 'free from danger'
348-9: Xak. XI KB kigl tidsiiz iilmez 2288; M III 36, 2 (ii) (and h2 I 31, I (i)): Bud.
(death) busugdin p k a r teg qlkar adslizlin adasiz u z u n yagarnak 'a long life free from
'comes unexpectedly, like (someone) coming danger' T T VII 40, 129; adaslz tucasrz
out of en ambush' 4826. PP 33, 6; Stw. 192, I.
 DIS. ADZ 73
or spears at one annther' San. 2%. 16: O s m , 'he gambled and betted with me for money
XIV a t q - 'to shoot (arrows) at one another' (etc.)' Kal. I 180 (utugur, utu$ma:k).
T T S 152.
D otii$- Recip. f. of 1 ot-. See Btu$
D Ctig- (Cdig-) Recip. f. of C:t- ; nith a ranKe
of meanings similar to those of C:t-. Survi\.es T r i s . ADS:
in NE Khak. idis- Ilas. g6 and SW Osm. D idi$qi: N.Ag. fr. {Big. N.0.a.b. Xak. XI
edig-. Xak. X I ola:r I$in 6:tigdi:le:r K B (the steward must supervise) idisqi
ta$6/ah1ifim6ba.vnahtrm 'thry reached a xettle- tagekci y e m e a g p k a 'the cuphearcr, bed-
ment on matters of mutual interest' Kag. I maker, and cook' 2557; a.". 4047.
76, 6 (i$in); n.m.e.: (ha. xv ff. ktig- (with
Q-) Recip. f. ; h6 yak-digar kdri kardan 'to do D adaglrk A.N. fr. adag. Survises in SW
something tngcther' San. 94r. 21. Osrn. adaglrk 'having the same name' Sami
25. Xak. X I adagllk a/-gad6qa 'friendship'
D r d ~ g -Recip. f. of 1:4-; n.0d.b. Xak. X I 01 Kag. I 149; a.0. I 149, 3 (translated ol-
m a g a : ertilt 1d1gd1: Addrini mn inni ayda(n) muwadda' friendship).
ahdopuhu jay' 'he gave me a present and I,
too, gave him something'; also ured of any- D idiglig P.N.[A. fr. i d i ~ .Survives in NE
thing when you compete with sornenne else Khak. idistig. Xak. X I K B idiglig s u v u g 'the
in giving it ( f i iflriqihi) K a f . I 182 (t&gu:r, water in the cup' 6045, 6057, 6060, 6062.
1dlgma:k): Ktp. xv Ql$i keleqi r y l g ~ p'send-
ing envoys and messengers to one another' T r i s . V. ADS-
'Golden Horde letter dated' A.D. 1428 4, 6. 14 D udugur- Caus. f. of udug-. N.0.a.b. T h e
a.o.0. (Kurat, Altrn Ordu, Krrtm ve Turhista~t word concerned has hitherto been misunder-
Hanlartna Ait Yarl~hve Ririhler, fstanbul, stood; Thornsen connected it with utru: and
19.10, P 8). translated it 'in the encounter'; Atslay de-
D itig- Recip. f of it-; 'to push one another', rived it directly from uduv- which is morpho-
logically difficult; Malov follomcd him. But to
hence later 'to quarrel'. S.i.s.m.1. Xak. X I 01 take it as a Ger. of the Caus. f. of udug- gives
a n t o birle: ltigdi: dafu'n ma'ahrr :he pushed
it exactly the right sense. As such, the word
against him'; also used o f helping or competing
in pushing sorncthing ( f i ntud6jafa gay') Kag. is Hap. leg. but the parallel Caus. f. in -1ur-
I 180 (itlgu:r, itigme:k): Gag. xv ff. itig- survives as uyugtir- in S C Uzb. and prob.
elsewhere. T u r k u v111 b i r e r i g o k u m urtl:
(with I-) Recip. f.; ham-digar-rd bd dasr af- eki: e r i g uduguru: sanqtl: 'he shot one man
gandan 'to knock one another down with the with ,an arrow and speared two men sending
hands' San. 94r. 21. them one after the other' I E 36; similar phr.
D udtg- C-up., ctc. f. of 1131:-. S.i.a.rn.l.g. as
uyug- (NE Khak. UZUS-)except SE, where Dis. ADZ
uyug-(Jarring 322) is a Sec. f. of uruq-. Xak. a t l z survives meaning 'a small field' and the
XI 01 m e n i g birle: u d t g d ~ :blirdni fi'l-nawm like in SE 'Mrki atrz Show 3 ; 6 t h B$ 581;
ayyrrna anwant 'he competed with me in Tar. etiz R I 843: N C Kzx. a t l z R I 4 6 0 .
sleeping to see which of us slept hest'; and one Became a First Period ].-W. in Mong. as
says ada:k u @ g d ~ xadirati'l-rid
: 'the leg went atar 'uncultivated ground'. Xak. X I a t l z hull
to sleep, became numb'; and one says y u g r u t pitba mina'l ard bayna'l-'arimayn 'any strip of
u d i g d ~ : tara~z~nba'l-labanwa xatara 'the land between two dykes' Kay. I 5 4 .
milk (yo&rt) curdled and clotted' Kay. 1 181
( u d ~ p : r ,u&gma:k): O s m . x v ~ ff. uyup- 'to Qdiz/Cdi:z 'high, lofty'. Survives in NE Tel.,
clot, eoasulate' in several texts T T S I1 942; Tub. e:s R I 870: SE Tiirki igiz Shax 37;
111724: X V I I I uyug- (spelt, with -nick in rrror) dgiz/igiz Jarring 123; N C Klr. egiz Cf.
in Rlimi, afsurda ~trdan-ixtin dar 'udw 'of yilksek. Uyk. v111ff. Bud. yiiksek Pdiz
blood, to clot in a limb'; hence they sa; ayak o r u n l u k t m 'from his lofty (Hend.) throne'
uyug- p i xi!ftnn 'of a leg, to go to sleep', In PP 61, 5 ; (a fire) Qdiz k u y e r Brteniir 'blazes
Ar. xadira Son. 92r. 12. (Hend.) high' U I1 8, 27; 0.0. U I11 33, 14
(Ctig); Hiien-ts. 2091 ; Suri. 620, 16 (kalrk):
D U&$- Recip. f. of u:d-; survives ns uyug- Civ. (earth mounted on earth) Qdiz bolt1
'to come to a mutual understanding, unite' 'heeame high' . . . Qdiz t u r u r 'is high' TT I
in SE Tiirki: NC h r . and SW Osm. The 46-7: Xak. XI ediz hull rnurtafi' 'anything
only supposed early occurrence is duhious, high' of land, etc.: ediz ta:g cabal mini' 'an
see udugur-. Fa& xv ff. uyug- Recip. f.; inaccessible mountain' Kat. I 55; edkz al-
huclnz kardnn wa mutdba'at-i yak-digor -murtaji', of anything I 122: K B a y s l r r k a
namiidan 'to crowd together and follow one y a k m a y kagtilke ediz 'oh (God) near to the
another' San. 89v. 29: O s m . X V I uyug- 'to secret and high above the mind' 20; (if the
reach a mutual understanding' T T S 111724. moon is full and) a g s a ediz 'rises high' 733;
ediz 'arg 'the lofty throne' 4776: X"(?) A t .
D utup- Recip. f. of ut-. Survives in NW Kaz. ediz 'lofty' 60, 76; s i m s k t ~ nedizrek 'higher
utug- R I 1325 and SW xx Anat. udug- SIIU than Arcturus' 49: xrv Rbg. Qdrz 'high' R I
1413. Xak. XI 01 men19 birle: yarma:k 859 (described as Caz.): X w a r . xlv ditto
utugdi: qdmumni WO xa!arani fi'l-dirham Quth 19.
C et& (often written as two words e t iiz, but is doubtful, hut perhaps a Caus. F. of 4:t-
not declined separately) lit. 'flesh spirit', but is the likeliest. Uyg. v111IT. Bud. (bring me a
used ar a technical term in Bud. (and hlan.) lute and) ellgim attzu(?) a g z t m y ~ r l a y u
scriptures for 'a live body' as opposed to a Bz igldeyln 'I will support myself by playing
corpse or a spirit; very common in early texts, it with my hand and singing with my mouth'
hut not adopted for hloslcrn terminnlogy and PP 70. 1-2; eligl kopuz atmu(?) a821
not surviving later than ahout XIV.U y R v111ff. y ~ r l a y uo l u r d l 'he sat, his hand playlng the
Man. etoz ertimlikin s a k l n ~ p'meditating lute and his mouth sinping' do. 71, 1-2.
on the transitoriness of the hod?' T T III 137:
Bud. b u suylui: etozde o z a l ~ m'may we 1) uduz- Caus. f. of U:@-; 'to lead, or con-
escape from this sinful body' PP 5 I , 8 ; et& duct (someone Arc.)'. N.o a.h. Tiirkii v111
kodup a d m ajunka b a r s a r 'if he lays down yeti: yilz kigi:g uc_luzlgme: u l u g ~ s: a d erti:
this body and goes to another state of existence' 'them chief, who led the 700 men, was a md'
U 111 43, 12; numerous o.o., V IV 28, 10; T 5; k4gliioqe: uduz 'lead them as you think
Suo. 446, I S ; 613. 19; T T VIII (spelt rt6z, best' T 15: Uyg. vrrrff. Chr. (an angel
p:t6zi,-,t-tiiz, r:tiiz), etc.: Civ. [ p p ] ka:yrnturup appeared and) uduzup a n d m 'leading them
iqse:r etozke: [ ~ a p ]'if one boils . . . and from there' U I 9, 7: Bud. u d u z u p 'leading
drinks it, [it is good?] for the body' T T VIII him' PP 64. 2; 70, 4; 0.0. U II 33, 9 ; U III
Al.30; 0.0. H I1 24, 53, and 61: Xak. X I K B 16, 20: y8rqileyllr u d u r u r e r d l 'he gurded
(anger and bad temper are bad for a man; with and led' Hiien-ts. 1938.
these two) tutql e m g e r etoz 'the body is in D utuz- Caus. f. in -z- (cf. atlz-) fr. ut-.
constant ~ a i n '332; 0.0. 990 ( y ~ v r l t - ) ,991, Survives only in SW xx Anat. utuz-liitiiz-
t r g j , 1438, etc. (common): XIII(?)At. see SDI) 1423, 1440. Like the later Caus. f.s,
1 6:z: X I V ndrlh.(?) 01-nofs 'the self(?)' et6:z utguz- first noted in Cak. Vel. 92; San.
Rif. 139 (only, see 1 h ) : K o m . xrv s6z etiz 60v. I I and surviving in SE, SC, and u t t u r -
(sic) bolup t u r u r 'the word became flesh' first noted in k p . Bril. 67r. 7 and surviving
C C G ; Gr. in NE, NW, and S W xx Anat. iitiir-, it has
uduz 'the itch' and other skin diseases. Sur- the unusual Caus. meaning of 'to allow others
vives only(?) in SW Osm. uyuz. Cf. kotur. to beat oneself, to lose'. Tiirkii v111 ff. (a
Uyg. V I I I ff. Bud. T T VI 443 (ormen): Xak. gambler) og1t:n k1si:si:n u t u z m a d u k 'did
sr uduz ol-comb 'itch, scab' Koj. I 54 (prov.); not lose hi* son and wife' IrkB 29 (and
six o o , in three udu:z: Y I V Mrih.(?) ol-carob see ut-): Uyg. vrrr ff. Bud. Sanskrit go@-
(kotur, v.1. in one hlS.) u:yuz Mel. 65, I : F a g . pdriharr!ro 'by losing the community' kuvra:-
s v ff. uyuz (spelt) 'illat-i carab 'a disease, itch' utuzma:k iize: T T VIII C.5: tag.
xv ff. U ~ U Z -(and utkuz-, -df, etc.) rttvl-, yir'ni
San. 9 2 ~ 27.. ynil-, rlitrd~oolnrtt oldr- 'to he beaten, to lose
ottuz (ottoz) 'thirty'. For thc double -tt- what you have in hand' Vd. 92 (Son. 59v. 18
which was the original pronunciation but is erroneously corrected U ~ U Z - in one quotn.
seldom written, see Clauson, 'The Turkish to otrir- 'to sit'): KIP. xv xasira 'to lose'
Numerals', JRAS, April 1959. S.i.a.m.l.g., Ttth. rga. 2.
usuallv as otuz. Tiirkii v111(Kul TCgin in that T r i s . ADZ
battle) otu:z ya9ayu:r erti: 'was thirty years D Qdizlik A.N. fr., Qlz. N.0.a.h. Xak. X I
of apc' I N 2; otuz I I E 28; 11 S 2: Uyg. edizlik al-irtifri' Iicight, elevation' Kay.
v111ff. Man. otuz M III 25,4 (v); T T I11 18, I 152: KB edizllk tiled1 suziik cSn t u r u g
pax? nrr~trbrr:Bud. otuz is common in T T VII: 'his pure svul sought the heavenly height as
Civ. otoz, consistently so spelt. is common in his resting place' 1521: XIV Rbf.(?) 6dizlik
T T VIII (and USp.): Xak. XI (in a Section (spelt ididih) R I 8 5 9 (listed as C a i . but prob.
headed brih fo"ri1) ottuz yarma:k _fald_ttina Rbg.).
dirlram 'thirty silver coins (etc.)'. This word is
a l s ~used for 'three'; I hesrd them say at D C etozliig I'.N./A. fr. etiiz. N.o.a.b. Uyg.
(VU) Kinut in I'agma: ottuz iqelim meaning v111 ff. Man. iikiiv [torliig] llziitliig etllzliik
'let us have three drinks', although the word (sic in error) [gap] 'many kinds of deceased and
means 'thirty'; and in my presence they drank still living(?) . . .' M III 36, 7 (iii) (M I 31,
three times three (verse) I 142: KIII(?) 6 (i)): Xak. xi KB et6zliig klqike kereki b u
TpJ. otuz 'thirty' 240: S I Y Mrih. !nhi&ina 01 'this is what a human being needs' Ioaj.
otu:z MC/. 82, 4; Rif. 187: Gag. xv ff. otuz
'the number thirty' Son. 62v. 10 (quotn.) (this D otuza:r (ottuza:r) Ilistributive F. of
is not one of the nuniernls with double con- o t t u z ; 'thirty each, thirty at a time'. Survives
sonants discusscd in zov. g ff.): K o m . XIV in S W Osm. Uye. vrrr ff. Civ. (beginning
'thirty' o t u z C C G ; Gr.: Klp. xrrr jolEtin with that sign of the zodiac) otuza:r sa:n
o p z Ilorr. 22, 10: slv ditto fd. 15; Bul. 12, b 6 r 'give them thirty numbers(?) each' TT
12; xv ditto Kou. 39, 5; 65, 8; Trrh. 60b. 9. V I I I L.20; o t u z a r tenbin siiqiigni b i r k a p
'a wine skin containing thirty tenbin of wine'
Dis. V. ADZ- usp. 10, 8.
T r i s . V. ADZ-
PUL) atlz- N.0.a.b.; 'to play' (a musical
instrument); as the first letter in one place D attz1a:- Hap. leg.; Den. V. fr. atlz. Xak.
looks like a - and in the other Q-11-11- its origin XI e r y6:rln at~zla:dt: ittaxado'l-rant1 ji
 MON. A c
ardihi dibdr wa musanndl li'l-rird'a 'the C.i.s.p.a.l. It occurs, often with a metaph.
man made irrigation ditches and dikes on meaning in numerous phr. of uhich, e.g.,
his land to cultivate it' KO?. I 301 (atlzla:r, Son., TTS, and R give long lists. See Dnerjer
at1zla:ma:k). I1 504. Tilrkti v111a k a d @ r 'a white stallion'
I E 35. 36; a k a t 'a white horse' I E 40; a k
D uduzla:- Hap. leg.; Den. V. fr. uduz. Xak. 'white horse' I N 2, 3, 5, 6, 9: V I I I ff. a:k
XI 01 anl: uduz1a:dj: ddrudhrr minn'l-carob bdsi: 'his white mare' I r h B 5; a:k a t do. 19:
'he cured hint of the itch' Kag. l301 (uduzla:r, Uyg. vrrr ff. Civ. a k kl$tg a z 'your white
uduz1a:mn:k). winters arc rare' T7' 1 159 (the only such
occurrence noted in Uyk., while u r 3 g is
D atlzlan- Ilap. ICE.; Rrfl. f. of at1zla:-. common). Xak., O g u z X I a:k in Oguz 01-
Xak. X I yB:r a t ~ z l a n d t :crc'ilnri'l-ard mrrjdrdl -0byad min kid1 goy 'white' of anything; and
'the land was nlnde saleable' (i e. provided among the Turks it ix used in relation to the
with ditches and dikes). KO$. 1 2 9 2 (the Aor. colour of a horse(ji $iydti'l-xoyl), and one says
and Infin. were originally e p z l e n l i r , etaz- a:k a t 01-farasu'l-aghob 'a white horse' (and
lenme:k, and the -rne:k was altered to two place-names A:k Sa:y, A:k Tere:k)
-ma:k; this is proh. a cane of haplography, KO$. I 81 ; a k bulrt (Irleniip yorfaji'u'l-
the Aor. and Infin. of atlzlan- and a sentence -mum 'a rain cloud rises' I 258, 2; k e r i p
illustrating et6zlen- (not recorded elsewhere) tuta:r a k tor1:n (the clouds) 'spread their net
having been omitted by the scribe). over the sky1, that is a rain cloud III 39, 13:
D Bdizlen- h p . leg.; Refl. Den. V. fr. xrrl(?) Tef. a k 'white, transparent' 47: xrv
Bdiz. Xak. XI 01 ta:gn~: edizlendi: 'oddo'l- Muh, 01-obyod a:k Mel. 68, 2; Rif. 168; a.o.
-cabal mdni' tornil 'he reckoned that the moun- (ad&): Gag. xv ff. a k o y rodtr 'tent' Vel.
tain was inaccessible and high' Kof. I 292 24 (quotns.); a g l a k sofid 'white' Son. 43v 14;
(edizlenlir, ediz1enme:k). 45t. 21 and numerous phr., a g being the pre-
ferred form: Oguz X I see Xak. ; a:k saka:l e r
Mon. AG 01-raculu'l-ogyob 'a grey-bearded man' K a j
I 81: X w a r . XIJI a 8 'white' 'Ali 12: XIII(?)
D 1 a:k 'the space between the legs, crotch'; a k koyun 'a white sheep' 02. 363,; a k
hence also 'the gusset in a pair of trouser?'. sakallug do. 312; a p a k 'quite w h ~ t e 231,
Survives in the latter meaning only(?) In 343: xrv a k 'white, whiteness' Qutb 9;
NW Krlm a w R 1 6 6 and SW xx Anat. a g ( a k r a k 'whiter' Nohc. 57. 7): Kom. xlv
SDD 72, 1601. UyR. v111ff. Civ. (if a pregnant 'white' ak/ax CCI, C C G ; Gr.: KIP. xr11
woman cannot give birth, you must burn al-ohyod a k Hou. 3 I , 2: X I V ditto Id. 17 (and
kisirtn seed) a g l a r a s l a r a s l n d a 'in the space phr.); Bul. 2, 15 (phr.): xvditto Tuh. 4a. I etc.;
between her legs' H Z 23; a.o. TT VZI 26, to emphasize white (fi to'kidz'l-obyad) they say
9-10 (iston): Xa,k. X I a:g al-mascifatu'llofi appak, originally RP a k Kaw. 5 , 7; a.o. 58, 18:
boyna'l-faxdoyn the space between the O s m . xrv ff. a g and a k both occur in xrv; a g
thighs'; and one says y3:z a t m e n i g a g d m survives until xvr and thereafter only in popu-
k e p i : 'a hundred horses have passed between larverse T T S 1 5 f f . ; Z 1 6 f l . ; Z I I 4 f f . ; I V ~ ~ .
my thighs'; mo hitwo hi-manailoti'l-fitr boyno'l-
-irbifayn 'and it is of the same order(?) as F 2 a k 'hateful'. Hap. leg.; Pelliot considered
the space between two fingers' K n j 1 8 0 : K B this to be an idiomatic use of 1 a:k, pointing
6536 (arkun): KIP. XI a:% sorctr'l-sar5wil out that Chinese poi 'white' (Gifef8,556) has a
'the msret of a pair of trousers' Id. 16: O s m . similar meaning in some contexts; but it seems
xv Ar. nayfoq ditto a g TTS I 376 (s.v. i m more reasonable to suppose that it is a 1.-W. fr.
(Urn)). Chinese wu (Ancient Chinese '&h) 'to hate,
hateful' (Giles 12,779). Cf. akla:-. Uyg. vrrr ff.
D 2 a:g 'net', more particularly hunting or Bud. aylk k ~ l ~ n q la ~k go g l m 'his wicked
fish net. S.i.a.m.1.g. except SE, SC usually as hateful son' PP 62, S.
a g or a w . Cf. to:r. Xak. XI KB (the third is
disease) tiriglik a & 'a net for (catching) life' *I& 'weeping. sobbing', the base of 1gla:-,
307; (the body is a dangerous enemy) k a m u g q.v.; not noted in the early period, but survives
y h d e y a d m q tuzakl a & 'it has spread its in NE $or I R I I ~ ~Khak. I ; I:; Tuv. l: (only
snares and nets everywhere' 3637; a.o. 4224: with Poss. Suff. I:sI:); NC Klr. ly.
xrv Mtrh.(?) 01-fobnha 'net' ag (olintt, un-
vocalized, and prob. corrupt follows) Rif. 160 ~k 'hiccough'; an onomatopoeic, pnssibly but
(only): Gag. xv ff. a g dcim ccn ribcik 'nets' proh. not identical with *I& Survives only(?)
Son. 4 3 ~ 12 . (quotn. in R~iiizi):X w a r . XIV a g in NC Klr. and SW O P ~Som. . 244 (only)
'net' Qirtb 4 ; Kom. xrv 'net, fish-net' a g CCZ; Cf. 1h1a:-. Xak. xr ~k 'the hiccough (01-robm)
a w C C G ; Gr.: KIP. X I I I 01-yoboka a g Hou. which rises from the chest when cold water is
10, 18: XIV a:g al-laboka li'l-snmok 'fish-net' drunk and bread eaten on the top of it1: hence
Id. 16; 01-jabaka a:g Bul. 5, 2: xv ditto a w one says any: ~k tuttl: oxa&hu'l-robw 'he was
Tuh. 2ob. I I : O s m . xrv a v 'spider's web' seized with hiccoughs' KO?. 1 3 7 .
T T S 1 5 3 : xvr a g ditto II 7 ; I V 8.
1 o g 'disengaged, idle'; not noted before XIV
1 a:k 'white' originally as the colour of an but cf. a@a:-. Survives only(?) in SW XX
animal's coat as opposed to the more general Anat. SDD 1085 (also with a phr. relating to
word Uriig, q.v., later 'white' in all senses. a mill); Anat. u g u do. 1414 and og do. 1091
 are rynonyrnoicv. K I I L X I V .vrili /#r@ 'free, (2) metaph. rribhri-.vi dIrAz hi h&-.vi 'inrdrat-
disenpaced'; one says h e y o g m u d u r 'is the -rn hn-dritr prignnd 'the long h r a ~ n swhich cover
chirf disrngaged(fi'l-xnlrcn)?'; and t e y i r m e n the roof of a I)uilding on t h r outside' (qrrotn.;
o g m u d u r 'is the mill disengaged (uciliya)?' the rcfce. to u:i: follnws): X w a r . X I I I o k
fd. 16: S\. x n l r ~ a( y a w l a k ; in m a r ~ i n )o g 'arrow' 'Ali 15: X I I I ( ?(they
) fought) o k b i r l e
Trth. 14b. 7. 'with arrows' (swords and spears) OR. 160;
a.n.0.; s t v o k 'arrow' (111th I 1 7 ; AfN 9 1 , etc.:
S 2 o r Sec 1 0 : . K o n r . S I V o x 'arrow' (,'C(;; ( ; r . : Klp.
u:g 'a tcnt rih, u r d c ~ strutl f o r ~ ~ l i part
r ~ g of 01-rrrr~gciho k Ilotr. 13, 16: S I V b:k ditto i d . 17:
the framework of a tcnt of the yurf type'; s v ditto o k Kav. 64, I ; 7'1th. 36h. 5 : O s m .
sornetimes confused with l o k , see CaR. helow. xlv ff. O X 'arrow' in several texts down to xvr
Survives in N C Kzx. u:k, same meaning, R I I ' T S I j 3 6 ; 11 720; I11 536; x ~ vo k b t r a k -
1606 (not in M M ) , and possibly NE $or u g 'to cast lots' 1 5 3 7 .
'yurt' R I 1617 and S W Osm. h u g 'a hut made 2 o k / o k cnclitic particle, thc vowel quality of
of reeds or rushes' 7'1:9 I 346; Xrd. 2174. which confornls to that of the word to which
See Iloerfrr 11 602. Cf. u y u g l u R . X a k . S I it is attached, and to which it adds emphasis.
u:g kull (111' nrIrz n<!I,ici'l-.uIh(i7 f i a ' l d ~ r i'a rib Attached to Personal and I h n o n s t r a t i v e Pro-
in the upper part of a tcnt' KO$. 1 4 8 : G a g . nouns it means ('I', etc.) 'and n o othcr'; in
xv If. u g pihl~ci-yifmkirri-yi nldr~rq'the upper a context of titnc it means 'exactly (then) and
rills of a tent' S a n . 76v. rg (quotn.); thc same not earlier o r later'. S.i.a.m.1.g. except SE,
entrs is made in 77v. 17 after the second where it is now ohsolcte, and SW where it was
m c a n i n ~of 1 o k : Krp. X I V u : e 'rid nrin 'idini'l- apparently ncvrr I I S C ~'Tiirkii
. v111 iiziim iik
-.unrlzdi'llnti /rr@rzz f i qrrhhatihri 'one of the '1 myself' T 6 ; b e n iik e r t l m 'it was m e (and
I i e a m ~of a tent which are fixed in its roof' n o one else)' (that was his Counsellnr and
!d. 16. Field-Marshal) T 7 ; i i k i j ~o k oliirti: 'he
1 o k 'arrow'. 0win.c to the use of arrows for killed very many' 7' 7: Uyji, vrlr ff. Man. o l
various ritual and ceremonial purposes it came o k o:t t e g r l : 'that same Fire (;od' A 2 I 20,
t o he used a t a very early date in the sense of 14: Bud. o k is common, esp. after b u and 01;
'sub-trihe' (and as such forms part of such a n d a o k 'immediately thereupon' CJ I1 20, 2 ;
trihal names as O n o k ) and also of 'a lot' in t h i n Bk 'immediately' see t 6 : m i n : X a k .
casting luts. O:k (so spelt) 'a share of an X I o k harf fa'kid fi'l-fi'l a particle add in^
inheritance', noted in K I I ~is, . n o doubt, another emphasis to a verb; hence one says b a r g t l o k
special sense of this word. l a t e r it came, like idlznbanna 'go!'; o k !zarf yu~Itab~t'l-lrd'a
k k , to mean 'a long piece of wood', usually particle accompanying expressions of time';
round in section, like a n axle, rolling-pin, and hence one says baya: o k k e l d i m otayfrr gab[
the like, and so tended to be confused with hrF@~i'l-si'a !mqiqafo(n) 'I really did come a
u:g. S.i.a.m.1. Sec Doerfer I1 605-6. T i i r k i i short time ago'; and one says a m d t : o k
v111o k u : n u r t t : 'he hit with an arrow' I E 33, n y d s m qrrltrr xi'nm'idi 'I said this very
36; O n o k the tribal name of the Western moment' Kq. I 37; a.o. I 71, 16 (oziik):
'l'urkii occurs scvcral times in I, 11, 7': UyR. KB o k l i i k are common, e.g. b a y i l t o k go;
v111 K. Man.-A o k y a a l t l 'took h o w and u l u g l u k o k - a ( - a fnrtri grntio) 552: xlrr(?)
arrows' M ( I J I . - u ~Fro,?.
~. 401, 7 : I l u d (I will At. m e n iik go; (line brocades 'irc scarce)
cause excruciating pain to that demon) U ~ Z biiz I o k 'it is just cotton cloth that is
v a c w l ~ go k r n tucjguru t o k ~ p'smitiny him comnwn' 480: Tcf. o l o k , etc. 235, 243: G a g .
and causing him to t w c t a twjro-likc arrow' xv ff. o k hntnritr 'exactly' I'd. 1 0 9 ; o k . . . (3)
( 7 I 1 26, 14; o k m u r s u k m r g klqi t e g 'Iikc hnrtrcirrdnnr tcrrfi'l-fntor 'in~niediatelp,instantly'
a man struck by an arrow' Srrv. 623, 17; a.0. (quotn.); (4) Irotttritt 'exactly' (quotn.); (5) hanr
do. 621, 8 - 9 ; 0.0. T T I V 10, 12; U I1 78, 31: 'also' (quotn.) Sntr. 77". 1 7 ; Vd. 109 also
Civ. T T I 162 (at-): X a k , xr o k 01-sahm translates o k nnqd 'for spot cash' as opposed
'arrow'; o k ci'imfu'l-buyt 'the cross-beam of to nnsiyn 'on credit'; San. 7 7 v 23 quotes the
a house'; hence one says e v okt: snl~ntu'l-bnyt verse differently, eliminating the supposed o k ,
'the main beam (lit. arrow) of a house'; o k and says that this and other translations by
g l l a : ~'the adder (01-nf'i) nmhich throws itself other authors are errors: X w a r . x ~ vo k as
a t a man' (alw III 29, 27); o k 01-qrrr'nfrr'llnti Suff. is common 'Ali 16: x ~ ditto v Qtttb I 17
ytrqcmn hihn'l-nrd zcn'l-nnri/>riS'the lots which (always o k never ok); M N 75; Bzi y n k (sic)
arc used in dividing up land : ~ r ~shares d (of tiiqti 'fell off of its own accord' Nahc. 104, ro;
anything)' K r ~ ~I. 37; o:k rrl-rmsih nritm'l- a l t m l a r o k 233, 4 ; iizi Bk 355, r z ; a.o.0.:
-iniri! 'a share of an inheritance'; a q a : r bi:r Kcm. s:v o k l o x emphatic particles C C I .
o:k tegdi: 'one share of the inheritance cnme C C G ; G'r. I 74 fquotns.): (KIP. s v the KIP.
to him' 1 4 8 ; about 60 0.0.: KB b o d u m erdi verbal suffix - g a q / g e s ( - R a ~ I - g e q ) correr-
o k t e g 'my tmdy was as (straight as) an arrow' ponds to o k fi'l-lrr~nti'l-Ttrrk, as in e m d i o k .
371, 1099; b o l u r o k y a p 'he hccomes an anda o k , kiindiiz o k , k e c e o k Ttth. 7 j a .
archer' 4046: X I I I ( ? )At. b i i t e r o k bag1 'an 13 ff.).
arrow wound heals' 140; y a o k u n 228: Tcf.
o k 'arrow; share, portion' 235: X I V Mr:h.(?) M o n . V. A c -
01-rrtrffrib 'arrows' o:k ('with o-') Rif. 76, 17; .:R- Preliminary note. A:g- 'to rise (from
(only): q a g . xv ff. o k ( I ) tir 'arrow' (quotn.); someroher~Ahl.): to climb (something Dat.)' is
 M O N . V. A(;-
contmon in the rarly period but sertns to sriruior fa-lrrmtn8 Inqn'l-motcl irottnn(tr) p!raha /arc-
only in sonte meanings of N C Krr. 0:-: S W ntihrc %,a tn#ayyara zcorhrrhri h h e n he rnrt
Osnt. a g - ' t o rise, moporatr', etc. ond 7'hnt. death inauspiciously, his colour hecame wan
a:& (inter alia) ' t o climb (orvr); to overflorc; to and his face changed' 111 327, 1 8 ;a.0. I h g , 9
(agduk).
exceed ( a stated period)'. Kag. gives a:g- in the
same pom., a meoning whir11 connof be con- a k - primarily 'to flow' of any kind of liquid
nected with ' t o rise', is, as such, unrecorded else- from tears to rivers. In L'yk. Ilud. it and its
wlrere, and is entered here as 2 a:g-. I n modern derivatives, aklgllg, a k t f i s ~ z ,are used in a
times there is a verb a g - meaning (e.g. of n very technical sense to translate Sanskrit srri-
and its derivatives. Later it was used for the
horse's load, or a pair of scales) 'to lean over to movement of raiding parties and in some
one side' and the like, which, though not recorded modern languages for 'to float', esp. down-
earlier, is very common in modern times appear- stream. S.i.a.rn.l.g. as a k - with some traces of
ing as S E Tiirki a g - Shaw 1 1 / n $ 7 , Jarring 14; a Sec. f. ~ k (see - Kom.). Uyg. v r r ~ff. Bud.
NC Ktr. 0:- (some meanings) Yud. 5 9 3 ; K z x . (tears) a k t ~'flowed' U I11 66, 5 (ii); a k m a z
a w - R 1 67, M M 50; SC Uzb. 09-; N W K a z . a k r t m a z lit. 'not flowing or causing to flow',
a w - H 1 6 7 ; S W Osm. X V I I I f f . aj:- 'ITS I r r for Sanskrit anrisrava T T V I 136 (and note):
Civ. suv a k a r 'water flows' TT V I I 29, 13;
and 53 (s.v. avrrl-); 11 r g ; xx Anat. a g - SDI1 iikiig t e l i m ya9 a k s a r 'if thc eyes water
160.3; a v - do. 130; Tkm. a:g-. In some lan- copiously' 11 I 6 5 ; yirig a k a 'running with
guages the word also means ' t o faint' and hos pus' F1 1126, 85 : Xak. xt su:v a k d ~sda'l-md':
other cognotr meanings. I t is dificult to connrct 'the water (ctc.) flowcd'; and m c says ya&:
this modern word with ' t o rise', but it might have altdl: cri'at Izutri'il~tc'l-'adt~ww 'enemy raiding
arisen from Ka$.'s second meaning. SFPa k - detachments came (pouring in)' Kay. I 168
O s m . X I I T and agtnqslz, which isalso connected (aka:r, akma:k); about 1 6 0.0. in one mean-
with this modern mmning. inn or the other: Kh' a k a r s u v 669; a k a
kelsii arzii 'may what you desire come in
1 a:g- 'to rise (from somewhere Abl.); to abundance' 943; a.o.0.: srrr(?) Tef. a k - 'to
climb (up something Dat.)'. Tiirkii v111 (gap) flow' 47: xrv Mtilr. al-i&ra 'to raid' a k m a k
y q k a : a g d ~ :'climbed the. . . mountain forest' Mel. 34. 7; Rif. i 19; oi6ra a k - 104 (only);
I I E 37: vrrr ff. yaylng t a g ~ m a :a g t p a n al-carp3 'to flow' a k m a k 34, I I ; 119;
'climbing the mountain where I spend the c a r i a k - 107 (only); a/-~nd'tr'l-cdriaka:r su:
summer' I r k B 62: Uyj:. vrrr ff. Man.-A 76, 17; 180: Gag. xv ft. ak-/akil- (spelt)
t a m u d a n y o k a r u a g d u k t a 'after climbing rawtin p~dan-irib 'vf water, tu flow' San. 44r.
up from hell' M I 13, 15 : Alan. a g m a k 25 (quotns.): Xwar. xrrr a k - (of blood, etc.)
h m e k ajunlarij: kiirgittigiz 'you have 'to flow' 'Ali 35: xrv ditto Qrrtb 9 ; IMN 251.
shown the rising and descending states of etc.; (two canals) P~ikZira k a r 'flow in the
existence' T T 111 58; (he put the souls in a open' (and two) artiigliig a k a r 'flow under-
balance) t[arazu]g ag[sar] 'if the (pan of the) ground' N d c . 57, 5 ; kHf~rlarnra k ~ pbulun
balance rises' M I 1 12, 10: Bud. T T I V 6, 2 0 k l h p 'raiding the infidels and taking prisoners'
(tat)~l-): Civ. a g ~ pkelir s o & k s u v 'the 161, 4: Kom. xtv ax- 'to flow' CCG; Gr. 30
rising cold water' T T I 104: Xak. XI 01 ta:gka (quom.); IX- 'to float with the stream' CCG;
a : g d ~ : fa'ida'l-cabal 'he climbed the moun- Gr. 272 (quotn.): Ktp. xrrr a[-ma?u'l-c6ri
tain'; and one says b u l ~ ta:j:di: na~a'ati'l- aka:r su: How. 7, 3 : x ~ va k - sdla Id. 17;
-sakaba 'the cloud rose' Koj. I 173 (a:ga:r, a k d i l a r cart; li'l-&ira 'they streamed out on a
a:gma:k); and over a dozen 0.0. mainly in raid' do. 18; al-nahr 'river' (inter d i n ) a k a r
grammatical examples with ta:gka:, and often Bul. 4, 13: xv sriln a k - Ttth. toa. 8: O s m .
spelt ag-: KB a g - is common, both with an xlv ff a x - (xrv and xv only) / a k - c.i.a.p.
Indirect Object, e.g. t o r k e a g a r 'he rises to in a wide range of meanings TTS I 14; 11 17,
a place of honour' 1661, and without, e.g. 18, 21; I I I y; I V 12; the meaning 'to lean to
u k u s u n a g a r 01 'he rises by (oossessine) one side' (I, I I ) belongs to (2) a:g-.
understandhz' 289; 0.0. 731 (~oka:ru:), 7 6 S rg- pec. to I f ; prob. il Sec. f. o r mis-
(&!izlik), 903: 1049 (en-1, etc.: x l l ~ ( ? )Tef. transcription of ylg-. UyR. vrtr ff. Civ. (if
a g - 'to climb, etc. 36: X I V A4ult. p'ida ruo blood flows (tinser) rub honey on various
raqd 'to climb, ascend' a g - Me[. 28, 1; Rif. parts of the head and) k a n @gay 'it will
1 1 1 : Gag. xv ff. a g - b&i ruffan
dan 'to rise, ascend' San. 42r. 9 (quotns.):
'urlic bar- coaeulate the hlood' H 11 ",
and
.
20. A and 7: 0.0. do.
X w a r . xrv a g - 'to m e , climb' Qurb 4: Ktp.
xlv a:g- pa'ida Id. I 5 : B d . S ~ V . O : sm. S 1k- See ak-.
XIV R. ag- .'to rise', esp.-in the phL g a g e a g -
'to ascend to heaven'; c.i.a.p. TTS I r I ; I I
S see
12; 1117 ; I V 8. u k - 'to understand (something Arc.); hence
in some modern languages 'to find out; to
2 a:R- see Preliminary note. Xak. X I (after hear'. Survives in NE, SE, NC.; an earlv
1 a:g-) and they say a n l g yii:zi: a : g d ~ : I.-W. in Mong. as ttka- (Haenisch 160, KO;.
tojayyarn 1aranxi.u 'his colour changed' 257) In some forms, esp. in unvocalized
Kap. I 173; iiliim koriip yiizi: agdi: (sic) texts, liable to he confused with okc-. In the
 MON.
early period often in the Ilend. bil- uk-. brocade' II 153, R (but t a v a : r (untranslated)
Tiirku v111 ff. hlan. bilmetln ukrnatln suggests 'treasure' would he better): K R a & l
'because (we) do not know or understand' a@r
~ U Z bold1 'silk hrocades (trend.) are
Clirrm. 132: Uye. vrrl fr. Man. M I 18, 4 (i) valuable' 902; act1 ngr k n z n a k ~'hc opened
{acjlr-): Dud. uk- is common, e.g. t e t r a u k a r his treasury' (and distributed marry things to
he conlpletely understands' C1 I1 7, 6 ; 0.0. the poor) 1034; s ~ g a y k a Wedi kiimiig
do.8.22;9,12;11,11; T T V 2 6 , 9 6 ; V I I I 0 . r ; ham a g ~ 'he distributed silver and treasure
PP68,s-bll- u k - U 11135.22; T T I V 4 , 11; (or silk brocade?) to the poor' 156); a g l ~ U Z
V1331 :Civ. rg b o l m ~ g i n u k ayarhkap'deign- 1426, 4773, 5367: X I I I ( ? )Tef. altun kiimiig
ing to understand what has occurred' USp. 88, a g u (sic) b a r c m ('brocade') 39: X I V Mrrh.(?)
I I : Xak. X I e r {:gm u k d ~ &ilika'l-raculfn!ana
: al-!arcbrr'l-ihrisami 'silken clothing' agt: Rif.
amrnhrr 'that man understood his business' 167 (only): KIP. X I V a g ~ :'a kind of silk'
Kaj. I 168 (uka:r, ukma:k); three 0.0.: K B (al-hnrir) Id. 17: O s m . X I V (when a boy grows
u k - 'to understand' is common, esp. for 'to up he must marry, and you must give him) a &
understand what has been said', e.g. el(1)ig a t l a s a t k a t l r 'brocade, damask, a horse, and
aydt u k t u m 'the king said "1 understand" ' a mule' T T S 1 7 ; ba&gladr a l t u n k1z11U a g l
714; 0.0. 1 . j ~ . 282. 657, 660, 680, etc.: XIII(?) 'he gave red gold and brocade' II y.
AI. egit u k rnunl 'hcar and understand this'
62; a.0.o.: Tef. uk- ditto 324: X I V Muh. akr: 'generous, openhandcd'. T T VI 57, note
'nrnfn rcn 'nlinrn 'to knnw' u:k- Rif. 112: 4 suggests that this is a Ilev. N. in -I: fr. ak-,
Xwar. s r r ~ ( ? )ukguluk tuzun b i r e r 'an which is possible but improbable. Survives
understanding and gentle man' 0g. 314 only(?) in NE Bar. agu: R I 172; SW Osm.
(reading doubtful): slv u k - 'to understand' a m 'a member of a chnritahle religious order'.
Qrrth 117 (oh-); 199 (rrh-): KIP. xlv uk- It has been suggested that the latter is der. fr.
fahinrn 'to understand' fd. 17. Ar. ox 'brother', but this is improbable, see
aki:lzk. See Iherfer I1 435. Uyg. vrll ff. Bud.
bug1 bergeli akr tlnllglar a z 'generous
people who gives alms are scarce' T T VI 4: I
agt: from sr onwards consistently translated Xak. xr akt: al-cnwrici 'generous'; hence 'a
'silk brocade' and the like; earlier contexts ripe walnut' (a[-cawzti'l-farik) is called akl:
suggest the meaning 'treasure', and cf. yaga:k 'that is n generous walnut' I G i . I 90
a g ~ : ? ~ :ag1:lrk;
, 'silk brocade', as the main (presumably because it is split open like a
component of early Turkish treasures, may, hand): K B a k l keg elig 'generous and open-
however, have been the original meaning. handed' 43, 55; 0.0. 104, 257, 948, etc.: xrrr(?)
N.0.a.b. The word a g l a g l prob. used only in At. a x l 'generous', always so spelt in Ar.
such phr. as a g l k u r d u 'caterpillar' noted in script is common: X w a r . XIV a k l 'generous'
Osm. xvr T T S II 9 and surviving in xx Anat. Qirfb 10: Klp. xllr al-karim 'generous' akl:
SDI1 74. 76, 78, 131, 1602 prob. has nothing (opposite to 'mean' qokma:r(?)) IIotr. 26, 2: l
to do with 'silk' (worm); it seems to be a Sec. x ~ va@: ditto Id. 17: O s m . x ~ vaxr (used by
f. of agu:. Cf. b a r p n . 'Turlcu vrlr agr: wife to husband); x v ~(used by father to son)
occurs 5 times in I S 5-7, I1 N 4-5, and several T T S I1 7.
times elsewhere in the context of gifts given 1 agu: 'poison'. S.i.a.m.l.g., often contracted
by the Chinese to thc Turks; in I S 5, II N to o:, U:, etc.; see agl:. Uyg. v111tf. Man.-A
it surnniarizcs a list of such gifts 'gold, silver, slzlerde nlmrg a g u 'the poison received
and two xortis prob. meaning silken fabrics of from you' M I 19, 15-16; 20, I (at-): Man.
some kind, so prob. means 'treasure'; in a list a g u s l kiiqedip 'the poison in him taking
nf booty in l' 48 s a n g a1tu:n iiriig k u m u q strong hold of him' (or 'making him violent'?)
klz koeuz egrl: teve: a@: 'yellow gold, white T T I1 16, 13: Bud. (there is a poisonous
silver, girls, femtnes soles, humped camels' . . . snake) a g u trnl 'his poisonous breath' PP
it looks more like 'brocade'; in other occur- 38, 4: Civ. a g u 'poison' H I1 6, 9 ; 30, 170:
rences it could be either, but 'treasure' is more Xak. X I agu: al-samm 'poison' Kag. 1 8 9 ; a.0.
probable: v111ff. Man. [gap katllglanmaz 111339, 21: K B a g u klldl 'it has poisoned'
Inslp a @ b u l u r ; y e m e [ne tlorliig a g l i
(my food) 370; (begs when they are angry)
b a r l m e l g i ~ e r i ikelser e s i r g e n u k l s g a n u b o l u r B t a g u 'are gall and poison' 779 (better
t u t m a z kizlemez 'he makes no efforts but reading than o t 'fire'?); a g u bold1 'he is
still acquires treasures; and whatever treasures poisoned' 4655; a.0. 3913 (1 a$:&: XIII(?)
and property come into his hands he does not At. iqi p u r a g u 'its inside is full of poison'
retain and hide them in miserliness and greed' 214; Tef. a & 'poison' 39: Gag. xv ff. a g u
M 111 21, 1-4 (i) (here, esp. in the Hend., rahr 'poison' San. 4 4 r 8 (quotn.): Xwar.
'treasure' must be the meaning): Uyg. vrrr ff. xrv a g u 'poison' Qutb 5 ; Nahc. 33, 11 : Klp.
Man. agt b a r a r n M I 15, 4-5; 111 11, 2 0 ; XIII nl-mtrrr 'bitterness' . . . also agu: a/-sanlm
1 3 . 6-7 (i): Bud. a g l b a r l m U II 76, 2; PP so used by analogy because of its hitterness I
7, 6 and 9; p, 2; T T VI 101, 233, 266; Tif. Hotr. 27, 10: xrv agu: nl-samm Id. 17; awu:
19a. 4: Civ. a g l b a r n n T T VII 34, 3: Xak. ditto, do. 26; ditto agu: Brrl. 11, 6: xv samnr
sl n g ~ :nl-dibn'c 'silk brocade' K q . I 89; (do
a w u in T k m . a g u Tub. 19b. 2.
not rejoice) a l t u n kiimug b u l n u p a n a&:
tava:r idn' runcadtn . . . fi&ia wa &hob wn 2 a g u : in Uyg. v111ff. Man. [gap] kozliigler
dibn'c 'if ?-cw ncquire gnld and silver and silk k o p l u g a g u t e g butluglar 'tiaoin~.. . . eyes, I
and legs like abundant . . .' 7.7' I X 85 can tgaq ( ~ g a : ~originally
) 'tree', in UyR. esp. in
hardly mean 'poison', hut its actual meaning the phr. I: lgaq 'shrubs and trees'; hence
and etymology are obscure. 'wood (generally), a piece of wood'. At least
fr. X I onwards the word was also used for a
large unit of linear measurement, convention-
o k c - Preliminary note. Thc two verbs of this ally a parasang of 4 or 5 miles, perhaps origi-
nally a time-distance measure like 'an hour's
,form are obviously distinct but the pronirncin~ion journey'; it is hard to see any semantic con-
of the second is obscure. AI-kdju'l-rakihn is nection between the two meanings. The
Kag.'s term jar 'voiced k', i.e. g, and it is phonetic history, too, like that of @a:-, q.v.,
posible that he meant Ihai the second oerb rvas is complicated. Before X I the form was con-
originally, or alternatively 691-. This is sup- sistently ~ g a qbut in Xak. became ylgae with
ported by some l a t n forms. a prosthetic y-, which survives only in SC
IJzb. yogog 'wood' (for 'tree' Persian daraxt
1 ok1:- originally 'to call ou; doud', hence 'to is used) and Cuv., ynvd$/yiudg (yava*,
summon (someone Acc.)', to recite or read y i v h y ) Ash. 1V 161, 297. In all other
aloud', and finally simply 'to read' which is the modern language groups the form is agae,
normal modern meaning. S.i.a.m.l.g. except with variations of the -q in NE, NC. Tiirkti
NE. (TCirku vrrl ok1811: kelti: has been read v111 p n t a n i g a c keliirtip 'hringing logs of
after a gap in II E 28, but hardly fits the con- sandal-wood' II S I I ; a t yete: yadagln 1gar
text, the true reading is probably something tutunu: a g t w r t l m ' 1 made the men climb
like [uts]u:k~gll: kelti:): Uyg. vrrr ff. Man. on foot leading their horses and holding on
b u e m i g f k i k a t a o k ~ y ut e g i n t i m 'I have t o t h e trees' T 2j: v111ff. p n t a n ~ g a qiize:
ventured to recite this spell(?) three times' o1u:ru:pan 'sitting on a sandal-wood tree'
M 1 2 9 , 13-15; 0.0. h. 30. 17, 26, 6 and 7 ; I r h B 4; 0.0. meaning 'tree' do. 14, 56: Man.
o k l y u r l a r 'they call on' (the Wind God) beg tarliig o t ~ g a 'the q five kinds of vegetables
Wind. 249, 18: Bud. toyu:nla:rlg o k l p 'sum- and trees' Chuar. 59, 317; I ~ g a qM 11114, 12
moning the monks' TT VIII Il.1; inisin (i): Uyg. Man.-A (just as fire) igaqda
o k ~ y u'calling for his younger brother' PP iiniip ~ g a q a gBrteyiir 'arises from wood and
5 8 , 3 ; o k u m a k tBriisin 'the ceremony of in- bums wood' h9 1 7 , 2 ; 1 lgaq do. 8. 19; 13,8:
voking' (gods, demons, etc.) TT V 10, 114; Man. I @aq M I1 12, 5: Bud. 1 i g a ~Suv.
0.0. USp. 103, I!; Suv. 447, 16, etc.: x ~ v 621, 5; ~ g a $'drum-stick' Suv. 375, 7 ; U Z U ~
Chin.-Uyg. Diet. read the book' b i t i e okl s l r u k lgac baglnda 'on the top of a long
R I 1008; Ligeti 186: Xak. X I 01 meni: ~ o l e USp.
' 104, 12-13; 0.0. TT VI 323;Pjahl.
ok1:dl: dae&nini 'he summoned me'; nnd one 8, 10: Civ. kiizki lga$ y a g k u s ~'the rustle
says e r bitig okxdt: 'the man read (qara'n) the of trees in autumn' TT I 134; igaq 'wood' as
book' Kay. I11 254 (okxr, ok1:ma:k); a.o. II one of the five elements, and metaph. for the
333, 5 (s6krit-): K B silig k m o k i r t e g planet Jupiter TT V I I I , 32, and 79 (spelt
kUgtil b6rmlqin 'as a pure maiden calls the ytgaq); 10, 6; k a r a kay ~ g a qk a s ~ k t n'the
man to whom she has given her heart' 75; (if a bark of a black hag tree' H I 26: Xak. X1
generous man dies) at1 t i r i g tkp o k 'call ~ out y l g a ~al-xayab 'wood'; yigac bkaru'l-racul
that his name lives' 257; b u ktin k i m o k i s a 'a man's penis'; ylgaq U[-farsax mina'l-arp 'a
'whoever reads (the book) today' 259; 0.0. parasang of ground'; hence one says bi:r yigaq
319, 71y, 3535: xlrr(?) At. o k l g l ~kigi 'the y6:r 'one parasang of ground'; y l g a ~01-yacar
man y h o reads (my hook)' 44; 3 0.0.: Tef. 'a tree'; henceone says iiziim yt&a$l: gacaru'l-
okl- to call out; to read' 235: xrv M&(?) -'inab'arine' and yaga:k ylga:$l:gacaru'l-cowz
qara'a okl- RV. 1 t4(only); a/-qirci'a o:kl:mak 'a nut tree'; ylga:q with -a:- is the better spell-
124: Gag. xv ff. oku- xtvdndan 'to recite. ing (acwod)Kaf. III 8 ;y ~ a a : calternative form
invoke, read' San. 7 7 r 12 (quotns.): X w a r . (luga) of ylgaq I1128; and nearly 120 0.0.: K B
XIII O ~ U -'to call out' 'Ali 29: xrv o k l - / o ~ u - (greenccvers) k u r l m i g ylgaqlar 'the dry trees'
'to call out, recite' Q ~ t b1 z 8 ; M N 50, etc.: 70; ykmigsiz y@a(: 'a tree without fruit' 245j :
Klp. XI11 qara'a 0kl:- Hou. 33, 13: X l V 0k1:- ?cur(?) At. y 6 r n i ~ s i zyigaq 323, 3 2 ~ ;Tef.
qaro'a, and in K1pp.k (sic) ogu:- Id. 17; a g a d y a g a c l y ~ g a q ( I ) 'tree'; (2) beam';
qara'a O ~ U -Bul. 72r.: xv ditto Kav. 9, 14 (3) 'parasang' 37,132, 133: xrv Muh.(?) naccdr
a.o.0.; Tuh. 3oa. 2 a.o.0.: Osm. xlvff. 0kl- 'carpenter' i g a : ~(unvocalized) yoncl: Rif.
(xiv only) l o k u - 'to call, summon', etc.; c.i.a.p. 158 (only); al-'agi 'a stick, staff' @a:$ 173;
TTS 1 5 3 8 ; 11723; III 537; I V 603. al-farsax @a:$ 178: Gag. xv ff. ylgaq if a
man stands at a particular place and two men
PU 2 olu:- 'to belch, vomit'. Survives in NE stand one on each side of him so that they can
Tel. okt- R I 994; Tuv. ogu- and SW xx hear him when he shouts, they call three times
+at. Ugii- S D D 1104. Xak. XI e r o k ~ d t : this distance (PC martaba bu nriqddrin) ylgaq
the man vomited' (taqayya'a); fva hd&f (quotns.); and also bannd argtin . . . korr
rikkotu'l-kcif (see Preliminary note) KO?.ZII ma'nrisiiia 'a builder's cubit' (about 30 inches)
254 (okr:r, ok1:ma:k); KIP. xrv Bki- (so (quotn.) Vel. 413 (the latter is an error, the
spelt; v.1. Bgii-, so spelt) taqayp'a Id. 18. verse describes ~ z , o o okari as a yigac); ylgae
(I) f i b 'wood'; (2) farsdng 'parasang' .%I.
Dls. ACC 3 5 0 ~ . 3 (quotns.): Xwar. XIII y@aq 'tree'
S aguf See aguz. 'Ali 49: X"'(?) tgaq (once spelt ylgac) 'tree'
 a bad way) oza: kelmig siisi:n Kiil 'regin I) o k ~ t -Caus. f. of 0k1:-; 'to make (someone
a g l t ~ p'KO1 'I'Ccin roused (that part of) their Acc. or Dat.) recite or read (something Acc.)'.
army which had escaped' I N 7 ; parallel S.i.a.m.l.g. usually as okut- and meaning 'to
passage II E 30-1; (his horse fell) yana: teach'. Uyg. v111ff. Bud. k l m k a y u t l n l ~ g
a g ~ t t p'making it get up naain' Ix. 19 (sic on $U n o m bitigig ... okrsar o k l t s a r 'who-
stone, not a#ilip as i n printed text): v111ff. ever recites this scripture o r has it recited'
Man. blllgimlzni ki~yulllmllzni b u t a r t T T VI 51-2; O.O. do. 68 (9'7' V111 0.9);
torliig teorilerde a g ~ t d ~ me r~s ez r 'if we T T V I I 12, ro; 28, 3; Suc. 478, 1 9 : Xak. X I
have exalted our knowledge and minds ahove 01 maga: bltlg okrttl: 'he made me read
these four kinds of ~ d s Chrms. ' 184-7: Xak. (aqra'ani) the hook (etc.)' Kaf. I 2 1 2 ( o k ~ t u r ,
xr 01 anl: ta:p,ka: aglttl: 'he made him climb ok1tma:k); b u bitig 01 k1gi:nl: o k ~ t g a : n
(ay'adahrr) the mountain (etc.)'; and one says 'this book, because of its length, makes a man
tegri: b u h t a g ~ t t 'God ~: made a cloud rise' read a lot' (ha!iro(n) m6 yrrqri') 1 156: K B
(an~a'a . . . sahdhn) Kaj. I 212 ( a g ~ t u r , (whoever was intelligent) o k l t t ~an1 'he had
ag1trna:k); bu: keyik 01 /tt@ ta:gka: him summoned' 416; (if a servant makes a
a21tga:n 'this wild game is constantly making mistake) o k ~ t g uk e r e k 'you must have him
the dog climb (yusa"id) the mountain' 1 155: summoned' 641: Gag. xv R. okut- Caus. f.;
K B (Why do you grieve? iVhy these lamenta- xwrin6ndnn 'to cause to read, or recite' San.
tions? God's summons has come.) slgitnl a g ~ t 77v 7: K o m . xlv 'to teach' ogut- C C I ; Gr.:
'Away with lamentations' 1233 (an inappro- KIP. xv nqra'a okut- Kao. 69, 10; 75, 13;
priate use of the word, hut perhaps the only trmqra'a okut- 'lirh. 54b. 8.
rhyme for s r g ~ t ) .
D ukrt- Caus. f. of uk-. N.0.a.b. Cf. uktur-.
D a k ~ t Caus.
- f. of a k - ; 'to make (liquid, etc.) Uyg. vlrl ff. Man. o z tozlerin u k l t t ~ p
flow; to scnd out (a party, etc.) to raid'. 'explaining their nature and origin' TT 111 30:
S.i.a.y.l.g., except SC, as aktt-/a&t- in both r explains' TT VIII A.16 and
Bud. u k ~ t u 'he
meanings. Cf. a k t u r - . Tiirkii v111 Kiil 17; 0.0. do. A.30, H.1 and 2; these are the
TBgin b e g baplayu: a k ~ t ( t ) t m l z'we sent only texts in which o k ~ t - and ulut- are
out a raiding party under the command of distmguished; it may have been misread else-
Kiil 'regin and the begs' I N 8 (hitherto mis- where.
read); tiin a k l t d l m l z 'we sent but a raiding
party by night' T 35: Uyg. v111ff. Man. D okta:- Den. V. fr 1 ok. Survives only in
b u y a n l ~ g t a l u y ogiiz a k m p 'causing an fJE Khak., Tuv. and N C Klr., Kzx., usually
ocean of virtues to flow ' T T Z I I 163 : Bud. k a n to load (a weapon); to cock (a rifle)'. T h e
Bgiiz a k ~ t a r(sic) 'they cause rivers of blood nomlal modern form is okla-. Xak. XI keyik
to i l o d PP 3 , 4 ; a.o. TT V I r36(ak-). Xak. XI keligi: bolsa: okta: ida k6na maqf &#liri'l-
tegri: a k m a k ~ t t ~God : made the stream - w h y fp'rmihi 'when the wild game comes,
flow' (asda'l-sayi); and one says 01 SU:V shoot it Kaj. 1 2 6 , 16: a.0. II 97, 16(utrug-);
a k l t t ~ :'he poured out (acri) the water'; and n.rn.e.
one says beg ak1n~1:a k ~ t t r : 'the beg sent D o k t a t - Hap. leg.; v s . f. of okta:-. Xak.
a rniding party (ba'ala . . . sariya) against xr b e g am: o k t a t t ~ : the h ~ gordered him to
the encmy' Kaf. I 21 2 ( a k ~ t u r ,ak1tma:k); shoot an arrow' (arm&hihu bi'l-nnbl) Kay. I 2 6 0
bu: ta:g 01 tavra:k a k m nkitga:n translated (oktatur, oktatma:k).
'this mountain is quick at making the rain run
away' (sari'tr'l-isda li'f-rnafar) I 156: KB S aBt11- See agtarll-.
a k ~ t s anuvug yGrcle 'if you pour water on
the ground' 973; (we must open a vein and) D a g t l n - Refl. f. of a&t-. N.0.a.b. Uyg.
a k i t g u k a n ~'bleed him' 1058; a.0. 1160 v111 R. Bud. Sanskrit ydnam drulzya 'having
(akin): xrl(?) KBVP x a z i n a tolulap a k ~ t g u mounted a chariot' ki3lokke: a g t t n ~ p T T
k e r e k 'you must fill (your) treasury and pour V I I A.37; (in order that the flames of hell
it out' 5 1 : XIII(?)Tef. asktt- 'to pour out' 47: may not rise to meet me) ortliig yerlerde
X w a r . urv ditto Qutb 10; Nahc. 68, 17. t a k ~a g t l n m a z k a n 'and in order that I may
not be made to climb into fiery places' U I1 78,
PU?S ogat- n.0.a.b.; in Syriae script, so the 42-3; a.0. Suo. 601, 23.
-R- is certain. In Musdon XXXVIII, p. 45
Bang equated this word with SE Tar. oxat- a g t a r - l a x t a r - apparently both Intrans. 'to
'to awaken' R I 1004, hut that is unlikely since turn, or roll, over' (rare) and Trans. 'to turn,
the original form 6f the latter, *odgat-, could or roll, (something Acc.) over', with some
hardly have lost the -d- so early. I t is more extended meanings like 'to translate (a book
likely that it is a Sec. f. of oktt or u k ~ t - .Uyg. etc. Acc.) from (one language Abl.) into
vrir ff. Man, o g a t ~ p kelmig blzni t e g t ~ n l l g - (another -gal-qe)'; more or less syn. with
l a r k a evangelyon n o m e r t i n i g n o m l a p evir-, esp. in the last meaning. T h e second
kottuguz 'having come to make people like syllable, always -tar-, excludes the possibility
us recite (or 'understand') it(?) you have that this is a Caus. f. Also partly syn. with
exhaustively taught the precious doctrine of agna:-, but unlikely to be connected with it
the gospel' T T 111 62-3: Uy& VIIIR. Bud. etymologically. As regards the velar, Kag. is
(you will certainly be reborn) o g a t m a t m prob. right in saying that a g t a r - was the
[seg?]metin 'without invoking(?) or . . .' original form, though he habitually uses
(the Buddhas) Sirv. 24, 20. a x t a r - , see his remarks on s ~ g l t ;the Uyg.
script is too ambiguous to make the U y i . D u k t u r - Caus. f. of uk- ; 'to make (someone
form certain. S.i.a.m.l.g., sometimes much dis- Daf.) understand (something Acc.); to explain
torted, e.g. NE agdar-jagnar-/agar-; NC, (it to him)'. Survives in SE Tiirki: NC Krr.
NW a w d a r - as well as more regular forms, Cf. u k ~ t - . Uyg. vrrr ff. Ilud. a d l n a g u k a
aktnr-laxtar- in the same grnups. Uyg. blltiirmedin u k t u r m n d l n 'without letting
v111ff. Bud. a x t a r u togdaru tegzlniirler others know or understand' T T V1 355 (v.1.);
'they revolve rolling about (Hend.)' U 11 4, a.o. do. 147-8 (6tgUr-) : Xak. xr 01 maga: anlg
10 K,; (Kitsi Sarntso translated (evirmlg) this s6:zln ukturdl: 'he explained to me (njha-
work from Indian into Chinese, and then mani) his words (etc.)' Kns. I 223 ( u k t u r u r ,
Siqku Snlr Tutuq) tavgaq t ~ l r n t ~ikileyu n u k t u r m w k ) : KI? y a y ~ gdunyfi k ~ l k i nsaga
tiirk t111nqn a x t n r r n q 'in the second plnce u k t u r u r 'it cxplains the chnrnctcr of this
translated it from Chinese into Turkish' fickle world to you' 398; 0.0. 510, 796, etc.:
U 1 1 4 , 5-7; similar phr. USp. 94. 8-9; Sus. XIII(?)Tef. u k p r - 'to explain' 32.5: xlv Mtrlr.
33, 19: Xak. xr e r t a : $ ~ ga x t a r d ~ :'the man ( ? ) u'loma run orrnfa 'to con~municate,make
turncd over (qolloba) the stone'; and one says known' uktu:r- l<& 103; 'nrrfo ,?ogmhrr
riipl: ylga:pg a x t a r d ~ :'the gale knocked u:ktur- 112 (only): X w a r . xlv u k t u r - 'tr)
over (asqatn) the tree'; also used of anything explain' Qutb I 17 (oktur-): Kip. x ~ vu k t u r -
that turns over (qnlaba) anything; the -X- fahhama Id. 17.
is altered from -g- as in Arabic xartcirl
%add& and ximdr/@cir; and one says 01 D oktag- Recip. f. of okta:-. Sur\.i\esotrly(?)
y6:r a x t a r d ~ : 'azaqo'l-ard rca karabahd, in NC Krr. oktos- 'to nmke a sudden move-
'he dug the ground and turned it over' Kay. ment, e.g. of a horse, to shy'. Xak. xr 01 a n q
I 219 ( a x t a r u r , axtarma:k); b a s t ~ :61Um birle: o k t a g t ~ : translated ramdhu bi'l-sahm
a x t a r u : yara'nhu'l-mawt 'death laid him low' 'he shot an arrow at him' (error for rdmdhu
1516, 4: same quotn. but agtaru: I1 74, 14: 'he competed in shooting'); also used for
x ~ Jfrth.
v 01-maj.1 'to lean over' e x t a m a k (un- qdra'nhu 'he drew lots with him' K q . I 231
vocalized, perhaps error for a x t a r m a k ) Mel. (oktagur, oktapma:k).
37. 2 ; RV. 122 (mdla is translated emit-):
@g., s v ff. a x t a r - tafahl~us kardalon 'to T r i s . ACD
examltic, search (something)' San. 32v. 8 D o k ~ t p Hap.
: leg. ; possibly a scribal error for
(quotus.): KIP. srv a k t a r - qalaba Id. 17; o k ~ : p , q.v.; if not, an abbrevintion, nretri
qalobu/qullaba a x t u r - (sic) Bul. 73v.: xv qalaba gratia, of *okldap: N./A. fr. o k ~ - Xak. . XI
a k t a r - Kav. 74, 17; Tuh. zgb. 13: O s m . K B m e n 1 r d t ~Ql(1)ig o k l t q ~s a g a 'the king
srv tE aktar-laxtar-lakdar- (the last two sent nle to you to summon you' 3488.
rare) 'to turn over, overthrow' c.i.a.p. T T S I
I ~ ; I I z I ; I I II I ; I V I ~ . T r i s . V. A ~ D -
D a g t u r - Caus. f. of 1 a:&. Survives only(?) D a g t a r ~ l - l a x t a r t l -Pass. f. of a g t a r - l a x t a r -
in SW Osm. a g d ~ r - ;Tkm. a : g d ~ r - with survives in most of the same languages with
rnther different meanings. Cf. a&t-. TUrkil the same phonetic changes. Uyg. v111 ff. Bud.
v111 T 25 (lgaq): Uyg. v111ff. Man.-A k e m l a x t a r r l u r 'the ship is overturned' PP
x o r m u z d a tegrlg t a m u d a n y o k a r u a g - 18, 3 ; a x t a r ~ l ut o g d a r ~ l u'rolling over and
t u r d t u n t u r d i 'he raised (Hend.) the God over (Hend.)' Suv. 133, 21; 601, 11-12: Civ.
Horrnuzd from hell' A I I 13, 18-20; t a ~ d a (the cold water which rises in the well)
Prte u l u g y a y l ~ k k aa g t u r m l $ ~ n'that he a x t a r l l u y a n t u r u y o r ~ d i'has been turned
made (his disciples) go up to the summer room over and goes back' TT I 105: Xak. XI e r
(i.e. lecture hall) early in the morning' Hiien-ts. a g t i l d ~ :'the man was knocked down' (ptri'o);
1966-7: Xak. xm(?) Tef. a g d u r - 'to raise' its original form WRS agtarlldl: Kaj. I 246
37: O s m . slv ff. a g d u r - (later a g d ~ r - )'to ( a g t ~ l u ragt11rna:k):
, xrv Muh. inqolaba 'to
lift, raise'; c.i.a.p. T T S I 6 ; 11 8 ; I11 5 ; be overturned' a x t a r ~ l - Il.1eI. 20, 10; Rif.
I V 5. 104: Gag. xv ff. a x t a n l - tnjoh!rus gudan
'to be searched' San. 32v. 26: O s m . xrv,
D a k t u r - Caus. f. of ak-; 'to pour out, cause xv axtar~l-laktarll-/akdar~l- 'to be over-
to flow'. S.i.s.m.l., but rarer than a k ~ t - Uyg.
. turned, turned away' in several texts T T S I
v111ff. Civ. [gap] a k t u r s a r 'if one pours out 15; I1 19; 11111; I V 13.
. . .' (on a Horse Day, it is unlucky) T T VII I) ok1tsa:- Hap. leg.; Desid. f. of o k ~ t - Xak.
.
39, 7: Xak. xr 01 su:v a k t u r d ~ :amara bi- xr 01 bit& ok~tsa:dl:'he wished to have the
-1nsyi1i'l-md' wa iscilotihi 'he ordered that the
book read' (yuqri'a'l-kitdb); also used of
water should be poured out'; (verse) a k t u r u r
ko:zDm yu1a:k tusil 'ayni 'uyina'l-miydh 'my wishing to summon (yad'ri) someone Kq. I
302 (okltsa:r, ok1tsa:ma:k).
eye pour out fountains of water' Kq. I 222
( a k t u r u r , akturma:k); same verse III 17,
9: XIII(?)Tef. a k d u r - 'to pour out' 47: F a g . Dis. ACC
xv ff. aktur-(-dur~)/ak~z-(-d~) akzt- VeI. 25 D a k l g Dev. N./A.Ac. fr. a k - ; 'flow, flowing;
(quotn.); aklz-laktur- (spelt) Caus. f.; racucfn liquid'. Survives as a818 in NE Leb., $or R I
kardan 'to pour out' San. 44v 25 (quotn.): I 54 and agu: in NE Alt., Tel.: NC Kzx.;
Xwnr. xlv a k t u r - ditto Qrrtb 10; Nahc. 1 . j ~Kaz. R I 172. Similar forms with final
242, 14. - k in some Ianguajies seen) rnther to represent
 Ar. 'aqiq 'a ravine worn by a stream'. Uyg. out y6lvlk-) Suv. 593, 17; USp. 102a. 7:
vrrl ff. Bud. (in a list of demons who are Xak. XI e r aguktl: 'the man was poisoned'
foul feeders, between those that eat yiriu (rumma); this is Pass. (Idzim) Kag. I 191
'pus' and those that eat sS1 'moisture, juice', (aguka:r, agukma:k): Gag. xv ff. a g u k -
y a r 'spittle', and lbglp 'mucus') akrg agllglar n~asmtimgudan 'to be poisoned' S a n 43v. 10.
'eaters of serum'(?) U 6:. 10: 66. a2: in

-.,
tali) alku aklglarln Rlklp 'suppressing all
~. ~

T T VI, note 157-61, several examples;

their restlessnesses' SW. 185. 20-1: a z ulatt SUV.354, 5 (ox8atlgslz).
nlzvanrlarlg a k l @ l a r l g ';he pas;ions and U aktgslz Priv. N./A. fr. akrg in its technical
restlcssneuses, lust and so on' 6III 88, 4-5: Bud. sense; translates Sanskrit andsrava'stable,
Civ. [gap] a:kag yolla:rda: 'in the (internal) permanent, not restless'. Uyg. v111 ff. Hud.
vessels (that carry) liquids' T T VIII 1.7 (prob. TT VI, note 157-61, several examples.
the gullet, intestines, etc., not the veins).
V U ? F oxa:k Hap. leg.; prob. an Iranian(?)
I.-W. Xak. XI oxa:k 'uscira faliqi'l-migtnip agll originally 'an enclosure for livestock;
yugrab 'the juice of split apricots', used as a cattle-pen, sheep-fold'; thence 'a settlement
beverage Kap. I 122. or group of tents' associated with such an
D oklg Dev. N. fr. 0k1:-. Survives, usually as enclosure. An early, ?First Period, ].-W. in
oku: and the like in NC Klr., Kzx., and some Mong. as ayil (Haenisch 11, Kow. 3), and in
NW and SW languages. Uyg. v111 ff. Civ. Russian (fr. a NW language) as aul. Survives
e m d i b u kiinde k h b u korqularka as agil in S E Turki, Shaw I I ; SC Uzb. (ogll)
o k t g l a r ayttlar ~ d m a z u nUSp. 45, 8-9; this and S W Az. Osm., Tkm. (a:&I) and as a w l
document is confused and largely unintel- in some N C and NW languages. T h e form
ligible; korqu here is prob. a Mong. I.-W.,lit. ay11 in some NE and N C languages is a
'bowman', a kind of minor oHicial (IIaenisck reborrowing fr. Mong. See Doerfer I1 503.
67); ayrtlar Hap. leg. if correctly read, should TIirkii v111 ff. a g i l q t a : y11ka:g bolzu:n 'may
mean 'questionnaire'; 'now from this day on- you get livestock in your pens' IrkB 47 : Uyg. rx
wards he must not send summonses and (I was a rich man) agtllrn o n yilktm s a n s l z
questionnaires to these korcus'. erti: 'I had ten pens and innumerable livestock'
Suci 5 : Xak. xr agil marbadu'l-ganam,'sheep-
u g u k some form of leg-wear, prob. 'felt fold'; and in O g u z raw!u'l-ganam sheep's
gaiters or leggings'. The contracted form dung', because the two are closely connected,
noted by San. survives as u k 'felt stocking' just as in Ar. both 'rain' and 'clouds' are
in all N E dialects. There is another Sec. f. called samd Kaf. I 73: agi:lda: (sic) ogla:k
uyuk in NC Kzx: NW Kaz. R I 1318 (only): tugsa: 'if a kid is born in the fold' 1 6 5 , 21:
S W xx Anat. (refugees) S U D 1424. The entry XIII(?) Tef. a&I 'sheep-fold' 37: xlv Muh.(?)
in Uye. X I V Chin.-Uyf. Dict. wa 'felt stockings' murbadu'l-tanam agtl Rif. 179 (only): Gag.
(Giles 12,434) uquk R 1 1735; Ligeti 273 xv ff. a g i l (I) hdfa-i mdh 'a halo round the
can hardly be an error for t h ~ swork. Xak. moon'; (2) muhawwa!a 'enclosure', which they
XI u g u k al-cttrmtiq 'gaiters, leggings' Kag. I make for cattle to sleep in; also used in Pe.
67: Gag. xvff. u g . . . (2) mtiza ki a z prist-i San. 44r. 19; a w u l (spelt) 'a place in which
palmdoi ba-dlizand 'boots made of leather nomadic tribes (ildt) collect and settle down';
with the wool on it' San. 76v. 18. a corruption of Ar. hazcifi 'a small enclosure,
yard' San. 53v 7 (no doubt an xvlrr, not a
D u k u g N.Ac. fr. u k - ; 'understanding'. Gag. word, the etymology is absurd): O g u z XI
Survives only(?) in NC Km. ugu: Cf. ukug, see Xak.: Klp. xrv agll al-hazira 'enclosure';
which is the normal word in KB. Xak. xr K B haziratu'l-ganam ko:yun agh: (ric) Id. 16:
a u a r b&di e r d e m bilig iig u k u g '(God) O s m . X I V ff. agll/agul 'sheep-fold' in xlv
gave him (i.e. man) manly virtues, knowledge, TTS 1 6 , 13; 'halo' in all periods in a y a g ~ l c
intelligence, and understanding' 148. 155; 1 172; 1115, 49; ZV 6, 51, 373 (gun
agllt).
Dis. V. ACC- 02111 'offspring, child', originallv of either sex,
D a g u k - Pass. Den. V. fr. agu:. Survives but with a strong implication df 'male child';
only(?) In NE Khak. o:x-; Tuv. o:k- 'to be by itself it can mean 'son', but not 'daughter';
poisoned'. Uyg. v111ff. Man. a z ntzvanlka in the Plur. it might mean 'sons and daugh;
a g u k u p 'being poisoned by the passion ten', but ogul k ~ would
z be the more normal
of lust' TT 111 28: Bud. yblvikip a g u k u p expression. One of the very few Turkish
Bltlirgell s a k l n s a r 'if he plans to kill him by words forming a Plur. in -n. Thus ogla:n was
sorcery or poison' Kuan. 184; Bdsiiz 81Um originally the Plur. and understood as such,
yelvikmek a g u k m a k 'to die prematurely but this fact was later forgotten and o g u l
by sorcery or poison' Suv. 472, I S ; 0.0. (with- canie to mean 'son', and og1a:n 'boy' and
 later 'ser\antl or 'hodyguard' (the origin of o g l a n 'child, Iioy'; a l w ? C:ollcctive I'lur. 231:
German Uhlnn); the timing of these changes x ~ viMNh. ol-nnsl cm'/-dtrri.vu 'offspring' 0:gul
has not yet been worked out. Both words Rif. 143; al-inhi ogla:n 85: C a b xv ff. o g u l
s.i.a.m.l. with various phonetic changes. See forzond 'son' Son. 77r. 6 ; o k l a n (spclr) pisor
Iherfer 11 498, 502. 'Tiir'kU v111 various tcn farznrrd 'boy, son': and mctaph 'beardless
sufiixed f o r n ~ so g l ~ m ogll:,
, etc. are common boy'; and thcy call the sons o f the Monpd
in I , I I , T, etc.; o g l a n l m , clearly I'lur., I S r, Xans o g l a n just as Persian princcs are called
I1 ,V I ; I N I r ; oglanlgtzda: I'lur. I S E ; am. tnirzd and Hitmi princes rrtltrirr; o g l a n as1
I E 5 , II E g (at]:); v111ff. og11: IrkB 15, etc.; ctrndbidastnr 'cnstoretrm', I,eavcr's gland9,
(a p ~ n l , l c rstnkrd) og1anl:n kis1:si:n 'his sons called in 'Turkish k u n d o z rlo.,76x'. 24: A r g u
(or childrcn) and his \\.ire' (10. 2v; o g l a n t m X I o g l x (sic) d-f(i!d 'youtli I I 2~):
q a : b1li:gler 'my sons, knc~\v this' do. X w a r . X I I I ( ? o) g u l 'nun'; I'lur. o g u l l n r corn-
Postscript: Yen. ogll: hfnl. 30, 2 etc.; su mon in Og.: srv o g l a n 'hoy' JZ~rfhr 14; o g u l
tegi: yetl: b i g o g l a n erti: do. 26, 8 nlust 'son' M N r g : K o m . slv 'son' o g u l C C I ;
incan 'the strength of the army was 7,000 ogul/ovul I'lur. o g l n n l n r C(:(;; (;r. 173.
young men' (sic, not 'sons'); o n a y bltdl: (many suffixed forms): Ktp. x t ~ r al-~nht
iigiim o g l a n t u g d l m 'I was born a boy (no! ow1a:n d s o called ogla:n; nl-!ifl 'rhild'
Plur.) whom his mother had carried for ten k e n y ogla:n; ol-rcdi' 'fostcr child' a g u z
months' (10. 29, 5: hlan. X o r m u z t a t e g r i ogla:n Ilorr. 24, zo; a/-rcolnd 'son' ogrll do.
oglnnt be9 t e r ~ r i 'the five gods, the sons 32, 2: Y I V O ~ Unl-ibn, I in Klpynk (sic) o w u l
(Plur.) of the god f l o r n ~ u z d 'Chrms. I 8 ; a.o. fd. 16; og1a:n ol-,~trlrim 'hoy, page' do. 16;
do. 33: Uyg. V I I I eki: o g h m a : 'to my two 01-lhn o g l a n l o g u l Bttl. (1. z : s v o g l u m ibni
sons' $11. Z? 7: I X o g l a n ~ m'oh my sons' Suci Knv. 15, 20; ofill: do. 44, 12; 59, 12; tcalad
9 (oglimtn in do. 6 is a misreading of b a g - o w u l , in T k m . o g u l Trih. 38a. 8 ; al-fabi
l a d l m ) v111ff. Man.-A k a l t l o g u l o g t a n o l a n and (l'km.) o g l a n do. 781). 6 : O s m .
ergiisinte eriirqe 'just as a child comes to xiv ff. o g u l 'son'. mainly in phr. T T S I 536;
maturity (2 Pr-) in the wornh' (lit. 'place for 1111 j35; I F 601; o g l a n 'son; child (male or
childrcn') h6 I 14, 12-14; (and the magicians) female)' by itself and in phr. I1 717 R.; III
o g u l ktz b k i i u m a g a y l a r 'will not be ahle 533 ff.; I V 599 ff.; X W I I o g u l o t ~in Htir~~i,
tu gi\-e him sons and daughters' do. 15, 10: Mdrnncbtijn 'niountain bnlnl' Son. 77'. 6.
Man. a l k u t l n l l g oglanlnlg 'of all the VU ugll: Hap. leg. X a k . 11I I ~ ~ nl-l~inzcilr
I :
children of men' TT III 19: Chr. a m r a k 'parsnip'; it is a white sweet-flavoured root-
o g l a n l a r ~ m(sic) 'my dear sons' U I 5, 4: vegetable (caznr) grown in the city of Kashgar
t e g r i o g l l 'the son of God' do. 7, I ; o g l a n and eaten Krtp. I 129.
k ~ z l a r'boys and girls' (below the age of two)
do. 10, 2: Uud. ogul, o g h , etc. 'boy, son' are D agla:k N.1A.S. fr. 1 a2la:-, q.v.; almost
common T T VII, VIII; PP 11, 6 etc.; always of places 'uninhabited, remote, lonely'.
tlnltg o g l a n ~ g aT T V I I 40, 142; in T T V S.i.a.m.1.g. with phonetic variations. It seems
12, 127 (a fairly late text) t e g r i d e m k l z a z u prob. that SW Osni. a y l a k , which cannot
t e g r i o g l a n ~t e g kiirkle o g l a n 'a child as otherwise be explained, is a Sec. f. of this
beautiful as a divine girl or a son of God' word. Uyg. VIII ff. Llud. a g l a k yBrte 'in a
o g l a n is clearly Sing.: Civ. 0 g l u 0 k i s b lonely place' U I11 63, 10: X a k . xr agla:k
iiliigliig o l 'your children and wives are y & r al-mnwdi'u'lln~i I i ortis bihi 'a place where
fortunate' TT I 154-5; kiqi oglr bg(k)e one has no'compatlions' &$I. I I 19; ytkl:
k e l m e z 'children do not come to their mother' takt: a g l a : k run nra' &ilika nrdrrhiiin qnfr 'and
do. 216; k i ~ i eo g l a n 'a small boy (Sing.)' do. in addition their land is desert' I 468, 8 ; a.0.
161 ; 7'1' 1/11 2 7 , s ; keny o g l a n 'a young boy' I1 365. 19 (aglat-): xlv M ~ r h .al-niqis 'deti-
T T 1'11 23, 2 ; H II 12, 87: xlv [[$-Chin. cient, lacking' agla:k file/. 82, I 5 ; Rif. I 88 :
Dirt. 'son. boy' o g u l Ligefi 186: 0. K l r . X w a r . x ~ va g l a k 'deserted, solitary; bashful'
1s R. o g l l m , o g l l are common; o g l a n l m Q ~ t b4 : K o m . X I V 'desert' a v l a k C C G ; Gr.:
Mal. I , I etc. is clearly Plur. but o g l a n a t l m KIP. xrv o g l a k (sic; one MS. a g l a k ) al-sdli
do. 4j, 1 seems to mean 'my name as a boy': 'uninhabited' fd. 17: a y l a k nmrciin ay bili
X a k . xr o g u l 01-ibn 'son'; and Rnyra'l-ibn $ay 'free, that is without (paying) anything' do.
niirrct'l-sihj.rin 'bow who arc not (a man's) sons' 27 (pmb. Tkln.): xv mlwa 'solitude, a remote
are called o&l;.hence one saps b u o g u l ne: place' y a w l a k (sic) Tuh. rqb. 7; gob. 9 (and
t6:r 'what +es this boy (al-~nbi)say?'; u.a see 1 og): O s m . xv ff a y l a k ( I ) 'out of work,
yicma' . . . olti goyri'l-qiylir and it forms the unemployed'; (2) 'frec, rat is'; c.i.a.p. T T S I
irregular I'lur. og1a:n but ogu1la:r is also 60; I1 81; 11154; I V 60: X V I I I a y l a k in R h i
pertnissible as Plur.; this is like the word mufi 'frec, gratis', in Fe. also raygdri, in Ar.
e r e n for al-ricd 'men'; wn gad yrwnhhad ninccdn Snn. 57'. I (in S W s x Anat. a g l a k
kihihumd, and both of them are used in the 'lonely, ininhabitcd' SDD 76; a y l a k 'alone,
Sing. Kap 1 7 4 ; about 70 0.0. of o g u l and 50 only; free, gratis; idle, unclnploycd; one who
of og1a:n: KB o g u l normally 'son' is com- works for his keep without wages' do. 139).
mon, I 10, 186, 187, etc.; kiyig o g l a n l g 'a
small boy' 293, 1097, etc.; a t l n t u t t l m i n d i D ogla:k Dim. f. of n g u l ; 'kid, young goat'
b i r o g l a n bile 'he took his horse and rode off without any connotation of a particular age,
with one page' 4970: ~ 1 1 1 0 )At. Mahmad contrast yepi$; in some modern languages
o g h 496; Trf. o g u l son', Plor. o g u l l a r ; nietaph. for 'boy'. S.i.a.ln.l.g:. with various
phonetic changes, see Slzchrrhrrlr, p. I 19. Uyg. loved (sever) my elder hrother the prince and)
v111 ff. Civ. (in a list of animals) oglak tJSp. m h i a k l a y u r e r t i 'hated me' PP 29, I : Civ.
55, 10: Xak. X I og1a:k 01-cady 'kid' Kag. I I 19 (his mouth gets dry; when he drinks water he
(prov.); og1a:k a y 'kid month', the first month is not satisfied) a:sag a:kla:r 'he hates (the
of spring; ululS. ogla:k a y 'the following sight of) food' TT VZII 1.2.
month, because the kid then grows bigger' 1) 1gla:- Den. V. fr. *]g; 'to weep'. T h e
I 347, zh ff.; eight 0.0.: KZl oglak 'the
eonstellat~on Capricorn' 1.11: x ~ vR I I ~ .ditto phonetic history of this verb is very similar to
(copied from KB) R 1 1022; Mtrh.(?) a/-cndy that of lgaq, q v . ; the original form was cer-
ogla:k RV. 172 (only): Gag. xv R. ogIaR/ tainly @,la:-, but a form with prosthetic y -
o g l a k 'a kid (hrrzfinln) four months old'; also evolved in UyR. and was an alternative form in
the name of 'Capricorn' (hurc-i-cady) San. Xak. S.i.a.m.l.g.usually as 1j?,1a-, ylgla- or a
76v. 24: X w a r . xlv o@ak 'kid' Q ~ r bI 14: Sec. or metathesized form of one of them, but
K o m . xrv 'kid' okulak Cf 1 ; I;T.; ulax in NE there are some forms with initial a -
or rounded vowcls and the S W form aj?,la:-
CCG; Cr.: Kom. X I I I a[-ca y o g d a k ( s i c ? ) (Tkm. a:gla-) prohahly emerged as early as
Hov. 15, 9: xlv oglak a/-'anrig 'kid' !d. 16;
o:lak (sic, under olif idm hut? owlak in- xrv. Uyg. v111ff. &fan. o t s u v kutr rglayur
tended) runladrr'l-&mil 'young gazelle' do. 21 ; 'the majesty of fire and water weeps' M I I
(under yav1a:k) and in the Kitdb Bq~lik 12, 4: Bud. rgladrm PP 5, 6 ; rglayu 4, I and
al-cady is yowlak, it has already been said 71 S., ,!; 10, 6 ; YVWP(sic?) 10, 5; ~ a g l
that it is o g l a k do. 99; al-cad-v oglak Bul. 7, tokulu tglayu 'weeping with streaming
13: xv saxla 'kid' a w l a k (in margin in ?SW tears' USp. 106, 47; yrglayu s ~ x [ t a y u ]
hand oglak) T'trk. rgh. z. 'weeping and sobbing' U 111 17, 3; bagrrn
yatrp yrglayu yalvara 'lying on their bellies
D o k l u g P.N./A. fr. 1 o k ; lit. 'possessing weeping and pleading' TT I V 4, 13; yaqllg
arrows'. Survives in NE Khak. u x t i g ; 'Cuv. kazin ylglayu 'weeping with tear-filled
o k t u g (of a pun) 'cocked'; NW Kaz. ukll eyes' T T X 297: Xak. xr og1a:n ~gla:dr:'the
'possessing arrows'; SW Usm., Tkm. oklu boy wept' (bakd); alternative form (lufa) of
ditto., but mormally used only in the phr. yig1a:dl: Kay. 1 286 ( ~ g l a : r , 1gla:ma:k);
oklu k i r p i 'porcupine'. Xak. X I (after og1a:n yrg1a:dl: same translation 111 309
kirpi:, q.v.) and ol-drrldrrl 'the porcupine' is (yigla:r, yrg1a:rna:k; verse); five 0.0. of
called o k l u g klrpi: Kaf. 1 4 1 5 : Ktp. xv Ttrh. y1g1a:-: K B iikiig ytgladl 1121, 1149;
29a. 7 (see kirpi:). a.o.0.: xrv Rbg. @a- (?sic, unvocalized) R I
177; Muh.(?) bakd 1gla:- (?sic, unvocalized)
D o k l u k A.N. (Conc. N.) fr. 1 o k ; 'quivcr'. R$. 105 (only); ul-bakd' r g l a m a k (ditto) 121 :
Survives in NC Ihr. and SW Osm. Xak. X I Gag. ylgla- gzrya kardan 'to weep' San.
o k l u k al-kindno 'quiver' Kaj. I 100. 350r 8 (quotns.): X w a r . xrrr agla- ditto
D ogla:n See ogul. 'Ali 29, etc. ; ylgla- do. 40, 49: XIII(?)lklasa
Of. 61: XIV yrgla- Qutb 90; tgla- do. 205;
. ACL-
D ~ S V. y ~ g l a d i g t zNahc. 103, 8: K o m . 'to weep'
tgla- CCZ; @a-lrla- C C G ; Gr. 272: Krp.
D oktl- Pass. f. of ok1:-; nnrmally only 'to bc xrrr bakd tgla:- (unvocalized) Hou. 36, ro:
read'. S.i.s.m.1.; others use okrn- in this xlv tgla- bnkd wa juti/za'l-lramza turkmdni
sense. Xak. X I bitig oktldt: 'the book was T k m . agla- Id. 16: xv bakd ytgla- Kav. 17.
read' (quri'a) Kay. I 197 ( o k ~ l u r ok11ma:k):
, 14; 61, 14; agla- do. 38, 6; bakd ylgla- (in
q a g . xv ff. okul- (-dt) okun- VeI. 108; okul- margin ytla-) Trrh. 8b. I ; nfia wa hakd 'to
Pass. f.; xwdnda rudmz 'to be read, rccited' weep and wail ' z a r z a r ytla-, in T k m . ycgla-
San. 77v. 5 (quotns.). do. 3 7 b 3.
D u k u l - Pass. f. of u k - ; 'to be understood'. VUD 1hla:- Hap. leg.; the alifis unvocalized,
Survives as ugul- in some NE languages and but it seems reasonable to suppose that this is
N C Klr. Xak. X I b u siiz ukuldt: 'this remark a Den. V. fr. *lh, an alternative form of rk,
was understood' ('trrifn) Kag. I 197 (ukulur, q.v., same meaning. Xak. X I (in a note on
uku1ma:k): K B ukuldt b u s o z 1017; 0.0. exclamations ending in 'quiescent' hd') radical
2251, 5987. PI-ayli) hi' is not found in the pure (~amim)
D 1 aWla:- I tap. Icy., hut see aRla:k, aglat- ; rurkish language except in the expression e r
ih1a:di: axada'l-rac~tla'l-rabtu 'the man was
'to be deserted, abandoned', and the like.
seized with hiccoughs', in vhich this (!h) is
Morphologically a Den. V. connected not with
1, 2 a:&, but with medieval 1 OR; there are an onomatopoeic for the sound which rises
traces of a connection between agla:k, q.v., from the chest (and also in the word iihi:
and that word, but there is no pood evidence owl', q.v.) Kaj. I11 118, 21; n.m.e.
that this verb and its der. f.s ever started with D a g l a t - Caus. f. of 1 agla:-. N.0.a.b. Kak.
o-. Xak. xr aglayu: Kai. 111258, 16 (yurt); XI 01 kiqimi: a g l a t t ~ :'he sent away (nb'ada)
n.m.e. the people from himself, ii-ya.t.lrirca'l-mar6d
S 2 ag1a:- See 1gla:-. lahu, so that the grazinp land might be empty
for him' Ka$. 1 265 (aglatur. ag1atma:k);
DF ak1a:- Den. V. fr. 2 a k , q.r. N.0.a.b. (in a grammatical para.) 01 y6:rig aglattr:
Uyg. .v111ff. Bud. (my father and mother axl~i'l-mnkdn'he emptied the area'; its origin
 s agla:k y k r ntakdn xdli 'an empty, un- k6k kaltk [a&ltkr] names of two Ik~dhiaattvas
inhabited area' 11 365, 13, 'Ksitkarhha, Akdiagnrbho' U I 18, 4-5;
a j j ~ l t k t a k ra & h ~ r r m
'treasures and property
L) talat- Caus. f. of @la:-; 'to make (some- in the treasury' PP 7, 5-6; ngtltklm tsaurrn
one Arc.) weep'. S.i.a.m.l.g. with thc same 'my treasury and granary' U I 29, 2; n o .
phonetic changes. Xak. xr 01 anl: yrglattt: U I11 47, I 7; Stm. 270, 4; 7'7' V1 common;
ahkn1111 'he made him weep' KG?. 11 355 TT Vl141, 28; Civ. USp. 78, 14-15 (Iqperu:).
(yrglatu:r. y@latn~a:k): K B , 3595, 4096
(kiiltiir-): q a g . xv IT. yralat- Caus. f. I) akt:ltk A.N. fr. nkt:; 'pnerosity'. Sur-
girjvinidan 'to cause to weep' San. 35or. 22: vives only(?) in NE I3ar. a g ~ : l u k sanw
, rnean-
Ktp. s ~ 1g1aC-
v nhkd fd. 16. ing R I 17.7 and S W Osrn. a x l l ~ know 'a corn-
V U ?S uglft- Hap. leg. ; the spelling is certain, munity of asrs' (see akt:). Xak. X I kod&l
mnga: aki:ltk bolsun m a g a : nyaa-a:
since it lics hetween nglat- and avlat-, but translated da'ni haft6 nciid fa-jnkiirr Iaqnbi
the meaning is identical with that of iikllt-, cnrudd 'permit me to be gcncrous and may my
q.v., and this must he either a dialect form or title he "generous" ' Kaj. 111 172, I 1 ; n.m.e.:
one of Kaj.'s rare mistakes'. Xak. xt 01 tawa:- KI3 aktltk 'penerosity' (and other virtues are
r t n (sic) u g l l t t ~ :kn!!ara mdlah~ra n {animara
manifest in the good man) 934: X I I I ( ? )Al.
'he increased ([lend.) his property' Kaf. I 2 6 5 akrllk (ax~ltk in the Arabic script MSS.)
( u g h t u r , ug1ttma:k).
'generosity' 230, 232, 233 (eg-), etc.: Osm.
D a k l q - Co-op. f. of aktl- (see a k - Ca&) x v Ar.
~ al-snmnha 'to he generous' c6mrrtlllk
Pass. f. of a k - but without any Pass. connota- ve a x t h k e t m e k TTS I1 17 (this entry proves
tion. N.0.a.b. Xak. xr tegme: yrga:ktm that Osm. a x l is akr: and not derived fr. Ar.
bo:dun a k l q t t : izdahanra 'I-ntis min kull awb ox 'brother').
'the people crowded together from every
direction'; a a ka~alika'l-miyih i&i tns&alal 1) ngu:lug P.N./A: fr. agu:; 'poisonous'.
min ktdl facc also used of waters when they S.i.s.m.l.g. W. varlous phonetic changes.
flow together from every ravine Kaj. I 241 Tiirkii vlrr ff. agu:lu:g k u r t kogu:z adartu:
(akltgu:r, ak11gma:k); a.0. 1 8 8 , I (orr:). uma:z 'poisonous worms and insects cannot
endanger you' Toy. 28-9 ( R T Y I1 59): Man.
13 rgla$- Co-op. f. of 1gla:- ;'to weep together'. eki a g u l u g yol 'the two poisonous roads'
S.i.s.n~.l.g.with the same phonetic variations. Chtios. 125: Uyg. v111 ff. Man. (th:y were
Uyg. v111 ff. Bud. (the two brothers) &la$tl saved . . .) a k u l u g (sic) yrlkrta from a
otrii s r f i t a ~ t t l a r'wept and sobbed together' poisonous animal (reincarnation)' T T 11126:
PP 53, I : Xak. X I ogla:n iglastt: hakati'l- Bud, a g u l u g ytlan 'a poisonous snake' PP
-fibydn 'the boys wept (together)'; alternative 38,3; U I V X , 1z(6tjn-);o.o. P P 3 9 . 6 ; U N
form (Itrga) of ytglag- Kag I 240 (rglagur, 31, 53: Civ. a a u l u g 'poisonous' H I1 8, 50:
tgla$rna:k); (in a grammatical para.) kigi: Gag. s v ff. a g u l u k eihrndk 'poisonous' San.
barqa: ytgla$cll: 'the people all wept (to- 4 4 r 10.
gether)' 111 322, 2; n.m.e. of ytgla$-: Gag.
s v IT. ytglng- Co-op. f.; bn yak-dignr girya L) ogullui: P.N.l.4. fr. ogul; 'having a son, or
kardnn 'to weep togethcr' Son. 35or 23. child'. S.i.s.m.l.g. Xak. xr K B ogullug a t a
bolsn 'if a father has children' 1221: XICI(?)
T r i s . AGL Tef, ogulluk (sic) ditto 232.
? F tkl:ln:q IIap. leg.; proh., like the few other f) ogulluk A.N. (and Conc. N..) fr: o&l;
words ending in -la:q, a I.-W. Xak. XI ~ k ~ : l a : q adoption; an adopted son'. Surwvcs In some
01-/orastr'l-m'i'r~'I-car~*dd'aspirited swift horse' NW and all SW languages. Uyg. vrrr ff. Civ.
K q . I r 39 (prove. and verse). . .
T u r m t g a t l ~ go g l u m n t S u t p a k k a .
D ogulquk Dim. f. of o g u l ; 'womb'. N.0.a.b. ogulluk b 6 r d i m ' I have given m y son named
Similar words meaning 'womb; fish's roe' but Turmlg to Sutpak as an adopted son' USp.
with different sufixes appeared in the medieval 98. 2-4.
period, and still survive; o g u l d u k first noted
) KIP. s v n t h . 7 b I
in Koni. s ~ v ( o v u l d u xand D ogla:Ru: 'gently nurtured, delicate' and the
and o g n l d u r u k first noted in Osm. svr. Xak. like; presumably Dev. N./A. fr. *ogla:- Den.
X I ogulguk ra11itnr1'l-nmr'a 'the womb' Kaf. I V. fr. ogul. N.0.a.b. Uyg. V I I I fT. Bud. (she
149: XIII(?)Tt$ ditto 232. walks with a gliding motion) y u m q a k oglagu
acjakrn on her soft, delicate feet' U I1 24, 2;
D a g c l t k A N . (Conc. N.) fr. apt:; 'treasury'. m e n y e m e o g l a g u n Bgrenmig ken$ kiqig
In Buddhist technical t e r n i i ~:logy translates 'and I am a young girl gently brought up' U III
Chinese rs'nng(see tsag) which itself translates 82, 16; o p l a g u iinin iindeyii 'speaking with
Sanskrit garhha 'treasure' and the like. a gentle voice' U I V 14, 142; 0.0. U 1117, 21;
N.o.a.b. Uyg. vttrff, Man.-A M III 11, 3 17, 14; 44, 3; Xak. X I og1a:gu: a/-mrma"am
(ii) (barimlrk): Man. yeti agtlrk n o m l a r i g wa'l-mrimbhd fi ni'ma 'pampered, brought u p
n o m l a t ( t ) ~ g t z'you have preached the doctrine in luxury'; hence 'great ladies' (al-xnwcitin) are
of the seven treasuries' (or 'seven precious called og1a:gu: ka:tu:n Kay. I 138: K R (the
doctrines' assuming @tlrk is a mis-spelling of raven's call is like) oglagu km iini 'a delicate
ag11rg) T T 111 73-+: Bud. y 6 r agtltkl . . . girl's voice' 77; kimig oglngu bolsa oklt
k ~ z l'the man whosc children are pampered' Ar. word and that this is a mis-spelling and
(will regret it) rzzj. mistranslation of a g m which is not listed in
Kq.Xak. XI a g a n er U/-rucuIu 'l-u&nn 'a man
VUD o g u l m u k Hap. leg.; apparently Den. who speaks through his nose'; rca hidihi
N. fr. ogul but W. no ohvirms scmantic con- wdfaqati'l-'arahiya lafza(n) wa ma'na(n) 'this
nection. Xak. xr o g u l m u k kdf xo$nba agrees with Ar. in sound and meaning' Kaf. I
mlutawiya f i qizudmi'l-'arida 'any straight 77 (see 2 a8na:-).
timber in the supports of a rafter' Kai. I 149.
a g m 'dumb'. Survives only(?) in N E X I X
D oglanlng Hap. leg.? ; P.N./A. fr. ogla:n Kuer. a g ~ n'stammering' R 1,155. Uyk.
(ogul). The A.N. oglanlak 'boyhood', 'the vlrl ff. Chr. (blind) a@n 'dumb (lame, one
time of youth' is noted in SW Osm. fr. xlv armed, etc.) M I11 49, 3: Xak. xr Kl3 (if a
onwards TTS I 536, etc. and in xv meaning man goes to a strange country) kelln teg
'infantile convulsions' 11 719. U&. v111ff. b o l u r e r a g i n tcg t ~ l 'he
i becomes a s (shy as)
Civ. u r l oglanlig evci 'a W man who has a bride, and his tongue as if dumb' 494; (why
(borne) a male child' H I1 18, (5. do you say nothing) a g l n teg bolup 'as if
D ogla:nstg [lap. leg.; N./A. fr. og1a:n you had become dumb?' 775; 0.0. 1016, 1027,
(ogul). Xak. (in a note on the Suff. -S@) b u 6118, 6452: xrv Rbf. a & n 'dumb' R I 155;
k a n : 01 o g l a : n s ~ ghddd yayx yqbih wul~rqlrhu Muh.(?) of-abkam 'dumb' a g m Rif. lso(only).
rulrcqa'l-sibycin 'the habits of this old man are D a k m Conc. N . fr. a k - ; basically 'stream,
like the habits of a child' Kag. 111 128, zr; current', metaph. 'a marauding raid'.
n.m.e. S.i.a.m.1.g. in one or both meanings. Uyg;
T r i s . V. AGL- vrlr ff. Bud. Sanskrit rasa (N.) 'fluid, liqu~d
D akt:la:- I-lap. leg.; Den. V. fr. akr:. Xak. :km T T 17111 0.35: Xak. xr akrn al-say1
XI ol menl: ak1:la:dl: nasahnt~iild'l-crid 'he
stream'; and al-atiy 'a sudden rush of water'
is called m u n d u z a k i n ; and this word
attributed gencro9ity to me' Kag. I 310
(akl:la:r, ak1:la:ma:k). is used metaph. (yusfa'cir) for al-katibatu'l-
-mu$ra layln(n) 'a detachment which raids by
D agu:la:- Den. V. fr. agu:; 'to poison night'; so one says a k l n p : keldi: 'the raiding
(someone or somethin Arc.)'. Survives only party has come', si'ila ka'l-sayli'l-ntiy 'pouring
(?) in S W p m . a& -. Xak. XI 01 apm in like a sudden rush of water' Kaj. 1 7 7 ; KB
egu:la:d~: he poisoned (samma) his food kazde aklttl a k m 'let loose a flood of tears'
(etc.)' Kay. I 310 (agu:la:r, agu:la:ma:k). r 160: Ktp. xrrr al-igara 'a raid' a k i n Iiou. 14,
9 ; fur mina'l-i@rn a k i n Qt do. 42. I S : X I V
D ~ SAGM. a k m 01-cary b'l-ifdra 'rushing out for a raid'
Id. 18: xv tayydr 'strong current, wave' a k m
D a g l m N.S.A. fr. 1 a:g-; lit. 'a single act of Tuh. 8b. 10; say1 (akmnk and) a k m do. 19.a
rising or climbing'. Survives only(?) in SW 7: O s m . xrv a k m 'raid' in various phr. T T S
Osm. for 'ascent; instep'. Xak. XI bi:r a g i m I 14; I1 zo; I V 12: XVIII a k m in Rtimi, f i r a t
y8:r ya'rid minn'l-ard qadr m-yur'ad daf 'ata(91) wa t6xt 'raid, invasion' San. 45v 8.
'alayhd 'a rise in the ground of a size which
can be climbed all at once' Kag. 175. D uga:n 'God', etc. See U:-.
D a k ~ mN.S.A. fr. a k - ; lit. 'a single act of
flowing'. S.i.s.m.l.g. usually for 'stream, cur- . A€N-
D ~ S V.
rent'. Xak. XI bl:r n k l m su:v m-' qadr md E agan- See agna:- Uyg.
yasil marrata(n) 'the amount of water that
flows once' Kay. I 75: Kom. xrv a x i m D okm- Refl. f. of ok1:-. S.i.a.m.1.g. usually
'stream' C C G ; Cr. in a Pass. sense. Xak. xr b i t ~ gokmdi: 'the
book was ~ e a d(quri'a);
' and one says 01 bitig
okindi: he pretended to read the book
1 a g a n Hap. leg.; the para. concerned is without actually reading it*; the -n-
changed from -1- Kuj. I zoz (okmur,
most obscure; Thomsen translated the word ok1nma:k): Osm. x ~ ff. v okun- (once xv
'penance' as a pure guess, suggesting a con- oxun-) 'to be called, summoned' in several
nection with agan- in U I1 87, 62; this is a
texts T T S 1 5 3 7 ; I1 723; I11 538; I V 6 0 3
simple misreading of agna:-, which could be
a Den. V. fr. this word; if so, it might mean S ugun- See uvun-.
'prostration' or the like; Orkun's translation
'seclusion', based on a supposed connection D u k u n - Refl. f. of uk-. N.0.a.b. Uyg.
with 1 agla:- is morphologically improbable. v111ff. Bud. bilinip u k u n u p 'recognizing
Titrkii vrrr ff. a k at kar.ysi:n ii$ bo1u:gta: (Hend., his sins)' Strw. 140, r ond I 1.
talu:la:pan aganka: atikgke 1dmi:s 'a white
horse choosing his adversary in the three states ? D 1 agna:- perhaps Den. V. fr. 1 a g a n ; 'to
of existence(?) sent him to prostration(?) and roll on one's back', esp. of a horse or other
prayer(?)' IrkB 19. animal. S.i.a.m.1.g. W. some phonetic changes
Uyg. v m ff. Bud. (he wept and sobbed)
E 2 a g a n Hap. leg.; there is no doubt that b a l ~ k c a a g n a y u 'rolling about (on the
Kaf was misled by the resemblance to the ground) like a fish' PP 58, 7; Oz a r ~ g s i z l n d a
 a g n a y u 'rolling in his own filth' 11 III 35, 20; as a k l n q s i z and t:lken as mnrc o r lcss syn.
o.o. U 11 87, h2 (mistranscrihcd U@-); U I11 with a k ~ g r r t zbut , t h ~ cis ICSS probable. UyR.
42, 27; SW. 601, 1 2 ; USp. 97, 5-0; 1 0 1 , 8: v111 ff. M e n . a g ~ n q s t zkiigiil 'an unshakeable
X a k . X I a t agna:dl: tanrorrn#n'l-farm fi'l- mind' T T III 18: Ilud. Srrc. 488, 1 3 ; Pjahl.
-ttrrdh 'the horse rolled in the dust (etc.)' 6, 4 ( e v r i l i n p i z ) .
Knj. I 2 8 9 ( a j i n a : r , ngna:ma:k): Kl3 s l g u n
m u y g a k a g n a r 'the rnaral deer and doe roll I ) a k ~ n d ~Intrans.: I h v . N./A fr. Hcfl. f , o f
nn their h:~cks' 79; (!W arc an ipnorant a k - ; 'flowing, rirnning'(\vatrr. c t c . ) ; 'a strrarn'.
(mctaph.) niaral deer) n g ~ n a py o r - a 'po and S.i.s.ni.l.g. X n k . X I a k t n t l ~ :su:v 01-nrd'rr'l-
roll nn your Inrk' 661 3: Vng. xv fr. n g n a - hnr -.sri'i/ ' r u n n i r r ~rvntcr' K o f . I 140: ( h g . xv ff.
sdk gol!idnrr 'to roll on the round', in AI. a k l n d ~syn. with nktg (not p r r - c a ~ . )meaning
mnrritn Son. 43'. 22: X w a r . X I V a g n a - 'to cirsri,r-i dh 'a flow o f water' San. 45v. 8.
roll on one's hack' Qrdh 4 ; h'nhc. 31 5, 16-17:
K I P , X I I I mirmrrn~n'l-form At a g n n d t : (mis-
vocalized rgnnh:); ospd of horses, mules, and Dis. AGR
donkeys Iforr. 13, 2: xrv a g n a - tnnrarragn fd.
16: xv ditto a w n a - (m margin T k m . a g n a - ) a g l r hasically 'hcavy' in the physical sense;
Tub. 9a 6: O s m . x ~ t vT. a g n a - ditto; c.i.a.p. hencc tnetaph. in two contrary meanings:-~(I)
T T S I 12; II 14; 1 1 1 8 ; I V g . laudatory (n) 'important, distinguished and ( b )
('of full weight' hence) 'valuable, sincere'; (2)
D 2 agna:- Dcn. V. fr. a & n ; 'to hc tnngue- pejorative 'burdensome, grievous; painful'.
tied, dumb'. Survives only(?) in NE Kiier. C.i.a.m.1.g. W . phonetic changes. T i i r k u v111
a g l n n a - 'to stammer' R 1 156. X a k . X I and b u n q a : a g ~ rtiirO:g 'such important tribal
one saxs e r agna:dl: /n'ta'a'l-lisdrrrr'l-rncul laws' I1 E 2 ; (gap) a g ~ tra $ @ 'hcavy stone'
mo'n'nqnda 'alayhi 'the man was tongue-tied (or 'important memorial stonc'?) I1 S 15:
(Hend.)'; usa aslrthtr mina'/-tunno 'its origin is Uyg. vrrr ff. hlan.-A(this work was begun with
from speakinp through the nose' K a j . I 289 great joy and finished) a & r s e v i n q i n 'with
( a g n a : r , a g n a : m a : k ; see 2 a g a n ) . overwhelming happiness' AI I 25, 5 ; similar
D 1 a c n n t - Caus. f. of 1 a&na:-; 'to make phr. but a g s r kusiiqiin 'with overwhelming
(a horse, etc.) roll on its hack'. S.i.m.rn.1.g. desirc' do. 28, 22; n g ~ ra g r u g k i i r i l r 'he
X a k . X I 01 a t l n topm:kka: a g n e t t l : matt@ suffers grievous pain' M I11 31, 5 (iii): Man.
a g l r a g r u q T T I I 17, 56: Chr. b u t a g e r t l g i i
farnmhri fi'l-turcih 'he made his horse roll on a g a r t u r u r 'this stone is exceedingly heavy'
its lrack in the dust (etc.)' Kny. I 2 6 7 (2 a g n a t - U I 8, 4-5: n u d . a g ~ ra y n : g l g , 'profound
follows): F a g . xv ff. n g n a t - Cans. f.; bar
respect' T T V I I I E.5; agar (SW) a y a g l n
xdk~alirjr~idnn 'to cause to roll on the ground'; U I V 12, 100; e r t l g u a g a r (sic) U 11137, 34;
Ar. tntnrg Son. 43v. 9: O s m . S,VI ff. a g n a t - a g a r (sic) tsuy i r i n q u l e r i 'gr~evous slns
ditto, in two texts T T S I 1 2 ; II 14.
(Ilcnd.)' T T I V 4, 0 ;0.0. Srtb. 4, 17 (igle:-);
D 2 a g n n t - lI3p. ICE,; Caus. f. of 2 agna:-. 96, 22; 132, 1 2 ; USp. 97, 21; 101, 2 1 ; T T
X a k . X I (after 1 a g n a t - ) y a 2 a : k a n l g t t l m YII(comrnon): Civ. a&r igke'e serjous illness'
n g n a t t t : nklrr'l-mrcz tnknln Ii.~nrmh~rhntrd USp. 78, 2 ; a g ~ kr n n k a t e g z u n : let him be
qrir-a ho'orrirnlrr~nmttn 'eating the n u t itr~pcdcd subjected to severe punishment' do. 115, 20;
hic tongue so that it was a.: if he stammered' similar phr. do, 116, 17; a.o. T T V I ! I 1.1:
Knf. I 2 6 7 ( a g n a t u r , a g n a t m 3 : k ) . (pvqn:gu:): X a k . X I n g r r nl-jnqil heavy
of an?-thing; and a man who is hnnnured
Trls. A ~ N (muhrarn) by the people o r the chief is called
a g t r l l : g kigi:; and one says t e g r l : m e n i :
D a k ~ n q t :N A g . fr. n k t n ; 'a raider, raiding agrr1a:dt: 'God made me honoured' (okra-
party.' Surt-ives only(?) in S W OF^., where nrnni); and when part of the night (hrrrW'
it wns used as late as the 1914-18 W a r for ?ninn'l-lnyl) has passed, one says a @ : r (sir)
'liehtly a m c d irregular troops'. X a k . xr a d n : k a m r u l d ~ 'the
: h e a l y (01-_tnqila)foot has
akrnqu: (sir, in error under influence of pre- come to rest' (snknnn), rneaninp that it has
ceding word nvinqu:) nl-snriw 'a raiding reached its destination after a slow journe)-;
partv which goes by night and attacks the n@:r (sic) ne:g ai-gny'~r'l-,&i/i fi'l-!nmn?r 'a
enemy' &S. 1 134; a k l n q ~ :1 7 7 ( a k r n ) ; 1 2 1 2 highly-priced thing' KO$. I j z ; 0.0. I 99, 2 6
( a k ~ t - ) : O s m . sv111 a k ~ n q t(in Riirni, see ( a g r u k ) ; I11 247.26 (U:): K B (by speech man)
a k l n ) &irnlkar 7w trixt krrnnrt~ln "raider, a g t r k11d1 Oz 'has made himself respected'
marauder' San. 4 5 ~ 8. . 210; u ~ u tzu t m a s u n l a g t r t u t s u n l 'let them
D u g a n q a See U:- not hold you worthless, let them hold you
in respect' 540; 0.0. 'respected' 900, 1028;
U a g t n y s t z pec. to Uyg. As pointed out in 'valuable' 902; 'important' 900, 903: XIII(?)
U I. p. 5 5 this word is used t o translate the Tqf. a g ~ r'heavy, important, respected' 37:
Chinese phr. pa t'tri (Giles 9,456 12,183) s l v Mrrlr. al-inqil 'henvy' (opp. to 'light'
whlch translates Sanskrit nrvnie~nrt~niya yiigiil) a g r r Me!. 54, 9 ; Rif. I 5 1 ; faqilrc'l-snm'
'indnmitahle, unshakeable'. It seems therefore 'hard of hcaring' ~ & :ku:la:kllgr 139 (only):
t o be a I'riv. Ni.4. fr. * a g t n q Dev. N. fr. the F a g . sv ff. a g l r snncin rou faqil 'heavy'
Rell. f. of 2 a:&- in its medieval meaning (see (Hend.) Snn. 4.1'. 10 (quotn.): X w n r . X I I I
%g- Preliminary note). It could be transcribed a g t r l n p 'accnrding to their weight' 'Ali 22:
xlv a g r r 'heavy' M N 149; 'massive' (army) bire:r ugurda: T T VIII C.16; a l k u
Nahc. 27, 12 etc.: K o m . 'heavy; weight; u g u r l a x uze: 'on all occasions' do. G.8:
honour' a g t r C C I ; C r . : Kip. xIfr a!-laqil 6l(l)enu erksjnii yarllkayur u g u r d a Pfohl.
(opp. to 'light' yilgiil, ye:ynl) a g l r Hou. 27, 22, 3; 0.0. meaning 'time, occasion' U I1 4, 4;
16: xrv a g ~ ra[-laqil Id. 16: a@:r (?sic, 5 , 11; T T I V 12,48; V8, 71 and76; 26, 107;
vertical kasra) al-samjn 'corpulent' do. 17: xv nrzvanrlar u g r i n t a 'because of (or under
al-laqil a g t r Kav. 64, 17; ditto a w u r ; T k m .the influence of) passions' TT I V 4, 11;
n l z v a n ~ l a rkiiqinte mrdtk ugrrnta 'by the
a g t r Ttrh. I la. I : O s m . x ~ vff. a g l r in several
meanings; c.i.a.p. 7'7'S 1 7 , 8 ; I1 9, 10; 1116 ; compulsion of passions and hecause we are
I V 6, 7. Iaymcn' do. 5 , 21; yana b u n o m ertenl
ugrrnta yagrrtr kertgiinq t u g a r 'and
F a k u r 'stable'; early ].-W. fr. I'e. aswt~r. because of this precious doctrine faith is born
S.i.s.m.l. in various forms, sometimes recog- anew' T T V 22, 29-30: Civ. ig a g r i k
nized as a I.-W. and sometimes not; in modern u g r l n t e 'in times of illness (Hend.)' T T I 16;
times usually means 'mnn@r' rather than ugrrnta is common, and ugrrga occurs once
'stable'. See SIP. Xak. X I (in the introductory (20, 12) in H 11 meaning either 'in times of'
Chap.) a k u r al-istab1 'stable' Kal. I 7, 7 ; or 'because of': 0. Klr. I X ff. 6lirn u g r r n t a
n.m.e.: K B a k u r 'stable' 5369, 5370: xrv 'for the sake of(?) my realm' Mal. 10, 8 (a
Muh. al-mi'laf 'manger' a:xur/a:xu:r Me/. chaotic inscription, but these words seem
76, 8; a x u r Rif. 179. clear): Xak. xr u g u r al-waqt 'time'; one says
?F l g a r n.0.a.b. v . G. ATG, p. 309 suEgests ne: ugurda: keld1:g 'at what time did you
that this is Sogdian yy'r and prob. means come?'; u g u r al-dawla (here) 'reign'; hence
one says b e g ugrxnda: menig xvrm
'strong'. Tiirkii vrlr 12ar elligde: ~ g a r
x a g a n l ~ g d a :yeg krltlm 'I made them better ktildi: salaha amri fi dawlati'l-amir 'my
than those who had a strong(?) realm and a affairs were kept in good order in the reign of
strong(?) xadan' I E 29, II E 24; l g a r og- the beg'; u g u r al-imkrln ma'l-furfa fi'l-fay'
l a n q l z d a : 'among your strong(?) sons' I SE. 'possibility, opportunity for something'; hence
one says bu: 1:g u g u r l u g boldr: s6ra h-&'l-
VU?F o g a r pec. to Kay. In spite of the differ- -amr f i imkenihi wa fursatihi 'this affair
ence in.vocalization it seems likely that this is became possible and opportune' Kai. I 53
an Ar. ].-W., perhaps received through Pe. (paras. on o g u r and u g u r in O@UZfollow);
where it is also a I.-W. Xak. XI o g a r a t and about 20 0.0. meaning 'time, occasion, the
01-farasu'l-afarr 'a hone with a white blaze right time' (waqt or zamcin): K B (a prudent
on its forehead'; this word agrees with the Ar. man) ig u g r m b i l k 'knows the right time to
in sound and meaning except that in Ar. the work' 2192: XIII(?) Tef. 01 u g u r d a 'at that
alif carries a fafha and in Turkish a damma time; at that very moment' 232 (ofur): Gag.
Kas. 153; a.o. 1 3 3 5 (bol). xv ff. u g u r ( I ) samt ma maqsadi ki ba-citt laraf
tawaccuh wa rrl kunand 'a direction towards
VU o g u r IIap. leg. Although this is de- which one turns and goes'; (2) barakat wa
scribed as O&, the A.N. ogurluk, q.v., sa'ridai 'blessedness and happiness' San. 76v.
appears in a Xak. verse. It is entered between 27: O g u z XI u g u r al-xayr wa'l-baraka 'good
the Xak. and Oguz translations of u g u r and is fortune, blessedness'; hence one says to a
possibly a special meaning of that word, but traveller yo:l u g u r bolsu:n 'may your
there is no obvious semantic connection. journey be fortunate and blessed'; this word is
O g u z xr o g u r nl-'iwEd 'exchange', one says used only in regard to a journey ( f i hdi'l-safar)
atka: o g u r aldrrn 'I received (something) in Kay. I 53: O s m . xrvff. u g u r 'direction;
exchange for the horse' Kag. 1 5 3 . objective; journey' noted in several texts T T S
1716-17; 11921; 111722; IV778, but insome
u g u r semantically rather indefinite; seems to quotations this is not the meaning, e.g. (I)
connote both 'time' and 'cause'; in some con- k a d l r g a t a m 5 m b i r y11 u g u r a gitti,
texts it is hard to say which is uppermost. denlzden mH'adl nesne gormedller 'the
'Time' seems to have evolved into 'the right galley went out for a period of a whole year,
time, nn auspicious time', and thence into but they saw nothing except the sea'.
'good fortune' the meaning uppermost today
in the word and its der. f.s. Very common in a k r u : 'gently, quietly', and the like; often
the early period, hut survives only(?) in SW doubled. From the earliest period a longer
Az., Osm., Tkm. (and K r ~ mR I 1010). Has form akuru: occurs and fr. X I forms with -n
been fairly consistently transcribed o@w, hut attached. None of the morphological analyses
TT VIII has u g u r and this is the modern of this word which have been suggested, e.g.
pronunclatton. See Doerfer I1 604. Uyg. in Brockelmann, para. 104, are plausible, and
v111 ff. Chr. 01 u g u r k a 'for that reason' (the it seems to be a basic word, the form with
Magi still worship fire) U I 9, 3: Man.-A attached - n being perhaps an Instr. S.i.m.m.1.g.
(after a list of names) Bl(l)entiik erksintiik usually with attached - n and sometimes meta-
u g u r r n t a 'at the time when (the persons thesized as in SW. Uyg. v111ff. Bud. a k u m
named) were ling and exercising authority' a k u r u m a g m yorxyur 'she walks at a quiet
M I 27, 10: Man. a z nizvanx u g r l n t a pace' U 1124, 2; a.0. U I11 72, 17: Civ. O t
'because of the passion of lust' T T I1 16, 20: a k u r u a k u r u [gap] 'let the fire [bum] gently'.
Bud. ,Sanskrit cknda' 'once upon a time' H I1 18, 56: Xak. XI akru: Indeclinable (kf)
 meaning 'gentle, slow' (rmuayd); one says X I V M&(?) 01-waca' a g r u g Rif. I 63 (only):
a k ~ a:k r u : loraffaq ruway&(n) 'he gentle' Gag. xv ff. agrlk d a d U ranc 'pain'; a170 used
Kaj. I 114; (if vou love property which you for rancif 'indignation'; a g r r abbreviation of
have acquired, love it) a k r u n (sic) 'in modera- a&rR Son. 43v. 27: X w a r . xrv a g r r g 'pain;
tion' III 361, 2: K B (Ay toldi) o l t u r d r a k r u illness' Qurh 5 ; b a g n g r l g r Nnhc. 167, 2:
8lllg 'sat down quietly and modestly' 956; K o m . xrv 'ill, illness' a ~ r r k / a ~ r t x / a ~ ~ r r x
t u r u p qrktt a k r u 'he got up and w n t out CCG; G r . : Klp. x r ~ r01-uwm' agrr: Iforr. 32,
quictly' 1604; 0.0. 3,957; 6,617: x11r(?) Tel. 20: X I V ditto n:r ( ? a : r ~ )and a g r ~ m a kHul.
a k r u 'quiet, quietly' 48: xlv Mrrh. 'a16 mnhl 10, I : xv darlrotn (Persian I.-W.) sufferi in^,
'slo\vlv, gently' nkru:n/nxru:n MC!. 8, 8 ; afflicted' a w n ; 'l'km. aErr (rind y a r m n k ,
akru:/axru: Rif 80: X w a r . xrv a k r u a k p , which arc translntionu of dirlmm) Tuh.
'quietly, peacefully' Quth 9; a k r u n do. 1 0 ; 15b. 9 : O s m . xrv ff. a g r t 'pain, sorrow' in
a r k u n do. I I ; (I have a loud voice) h l a~k r u two texts and ~ g r 1 k'painful' in one T T S I
s(lz1eyii b i l m e z m e n ' I cannot speak quietly' 12; 1114; I V 9.
Nahc. 371, 14; a k r u n 'quietly' do. 383. 7:
K o m . xrv 'slowly, quietly' a k r r n l a r k u n C C I ; U a g r u k Intrans. Conc. N. fr. agr1:-/a&u:-;
G.: Klp. xrv a r k u n rifqn(n) 'gently'; one 'a heavy object, hcavy haggage', and the like.
says a r k u n a r k u n keliir 'he c o n ~ e gently'
s Id. Survives only(?) in SW xx Anat. a g r ~ k / a v r u k
I I : xv to'anni 'slowly' a k r r n l a r k u n Kaw. 77, SDD 77, 130, 1603. See Docrjer I! 496.
8; mohla(n) a k r l n Tuh. qob. 7: O s m . xlvff. X a k . X I a g r u k 01-loqal wn'l-rnald' heavy
a r k r n / a r k u n / a r x u n 'gently, slowly'; some- haggage and household goods'; hence one says
times doublcd; c.i.a.p. Tl'S 1 4 0 ; 11 5 s ; III a g ~ ra g r u k k a y w d a : k a l d ~ :ayna turika'l-
38; I v 39-40. -him1 wa'l-laqol 'where have the loads and
heavy baggage beet1 left ?' K q . I 99: G a g . xvff.
ogrt: 'thief'; the Instr. case o g r r n meinins a g r u k ahmril wn o!qd San. 4 3 v 27: KIP. xlv
'furtively' also occurs, esp. in SW, and has a g r u k al-!qaf Id. 17: xvawruk(untranslatcd)
somctimes been regardcd (falsely) as a separate is the root of a w u r - (agrr:-) Tuh. 84a. 6.
word. S.i.a.m.1.g. with some phonetic varia-
tions. See DoerJer 11 497. Tiirkii v111 ff. D u g r a : g Den. V. fr. ugt-a:-. Survives only
IrhH 16 (utru:): Uyg. vrrr R. Rlan. 01 U$ ( ? ) in Osni. Red. 256; SDD 1084, 1413
o g r ~ l a r'those three thieves' T T I1 16, 18: o g r a k , u k r a k 'a halting point on a journey'.
Bud. o g r r kelip 'a thief coming' PP 58, 5: X a k . xr u g r a : g 01-qasd toa'l-'aaima 'aim, pur-
Civ. o g r r b o l u r 'he will become a thief' TT pose, intention' Kaj. I r 18; u g r a g i m kendU:
1q ' 37, 7 ; USp. ,42, 6 : X I V Chin.-vvg. D k l . y1ra:k 'my goal (p'mi) iq distant' 111 29, 4 ;
'thref' o g r r Ltgetr 185: X a k . XI ogrl: a[-l& yandr: erin$ u g r a g ~ : Ia'allahu raca'a min
'thief'; and one says bu: ne:v a n r g ogrr: 01 'aztnihi 'he has perhaps turned back from his
'this thing is inferior (dlina) to that'; originally intention' III 65, 12: annp ukra:gr: k 6 r 'see
ogrrr: hut abbreviated like Ar. ihillihl and his purpose' (qo&hu) 111317, 4.
II&I~/II&Kaj. I 126; ogri: tuza:k 'a trap
buried in the ground' I 380, 15; 11 234, 3; D o g r u g Conc. N. fr. o g u r - . Survives only
13 0.0. meaning 'thief': KB o g r r 'thief' 313, (?) in NE Tuv. o:rug 'a cliff at the mouth of
1737, 2861: xrrr(?) Trf. ditto 231: xlv A!uh.(?) a river'; o:ruk ( I ) 'collar-hone'; (2) 'broken'
snrrdq 'thief' o:grl: R$. 156 (only): F a g . (e.g. branch) Pal. 309. X a k . XI o g r u g
xv R. o g r r drrzd *thief' Son. 76v. 24: X w a r . (mis-spelt @rr@) s i i ~ i k k r :01-fnhqn 'the tirst
s ~ vo g r r 'thief' Qulb 1x4; Nahc. 409, I S : vertebra in the neck'; o g r u g (sic) ciz'u'l-wddi
K o m . x ~ v'thief' o t r r C C I ; o g u r C C C ; 'a bend in a valley'; one says ta:g o g r u g i :
'furtively' o v r u n C C G ; Gr.: K l p xrrr al-!if$ tnrtnqnfn'ri'l-cahnl 'a vertical cnd of a moun-
ogrr: Ilou. 25, 8: x ~ vditto Id. 16: xv al-driq tain' I 98; ovru:g mof$il krrll 'nzmi(n)
o g r r Km,. 74, 18; !mrfimi 'thief' o w r u ; T k m . ('a joint in any limb') rca ciz' kull cnhal wa
o g r u Tuh. 12h. 9 : O s m . srv ff. o g r u 'thief' rnrmqn!o'trhtr ; alternative form ( I & ) of ngru:g ;
and o g r u n 'furtively'; c.i.a.p. T T S I714-15; ovru:g of-fahqa; in all three cases o g m : g
II 919; 920; III 699, 701; 1 V 775-7 (spelt is more corrcct (agwah) I 118; k z i : kuyl:
ujrrr, ujrun). ogrugr: (mis-spelt og'ra&:) translated ron f i
hnrni'l-rc6di 'and (he himself is) in the bottom
l> a g y g N.1A.S. fr. agrt:-/agrrr:-; 'pain, of the vallcy' III 65, 14,
painful ; hence 'a painful disease', esp. in the
Hend. i g a&@. S.i.a.m.1.g.. in some difficult u k r u k 'a lasso on the end of a pole'. Survives
to distinguish fr. a g r u k . Uyg. v111ff. Bud. in NE h r . u k r u k translated by Russian
a g r r g usually 'pain; suffering pain', less often ultruchina R I 1613 ; SE Tar. o k u r u k R 1 9 9 7 ;
'illness' and 19 a g r ~ f i'illness' are fairly com- N C Klr. u k u r u k ; an early ].-W. in Mong. as
mon; a l r u g bolt1 'he became ill' PP 68, 3; g u r h n (Haenisch 160, Kow. 366). See Doerfer
0.0. of a g r r g Suv. 585, 16; USp. 60, Ib. 13; 11 507. X a k . xr u k r u k al-wahaq 'lasso'
i g a g r r g TT V I I 40, 56, etc.; V I I I K.12; Kaf. I roo (prov.); similar prov. 11121 g, 17:
.%U. 587, z : Civ. both a g r @ and ig a g r t g KIP. 'the lasso (ol-rahqa) used to catch hones
are fairly common: X a k . xl agrri: al-waca' out at pasture' u k r u k Hou. 13, I I : XIV u k r u k
fi'l-cumla 'pain' in pencral'; then pain in any 'the ro e (a1 hobo used to catch a running
organ (or limb, 'ugku) is described by it Kag. I
98: K B baq a g r r g 'headache' 421, 1883:
hone' Pd. 1~:08m. xv u k r u k 'lasso' TTS II
722; u k r u g 111 537; XVI u k m k I 538 (all
KIII(?)Ttf. .R&@ ' p i n ' (esp. hirth pangs) 38: mis-spelt ohrrtk).
 D I S . V.
D a k r u n See akru:. (see discussion and further examples in T T
V, p. 33, note B86). In Xak. it usually takes
~ ' o g r l nSee o g r ~ : . the Dot. and means 'to go purposefully (to
someone or to do something)'. In Rbg., as well
D a g r u g N.1A.S. fr. aRr1:-/agru:- 'pain' and as the earlier usages, the meaning 'to meet
the like. Survives only(?) in S E Turki a g n q (someone Dot.)' first appears; thic is the
von Le Coq, Sprichru6rfrr und I,iede von normal modern meaning. Survivea in SE
Turfan, Leipzig/nerlin 1910, p. 81. UyR. Tiirki Shaw 11; NE Kar. Krrm R I1018 and
vrrr ff. Man.-A M III 1 1 , 5 (iii) ( a k ~ r ) :Man. S W Osm., Tkm. The Osm. spelling o k r a - in
T T II 17, 56(aR1r): Bud. rfirug serlnmeklg R, Red., and Sami is irregular, Tkm. and
'your endurance of pain' U I!I 21, 4 (i); Rep. Turkish have ugra-. Uyg. VIII ff. Bud.
a g r u g tarosln 'the law of pain T T X 500. bagln blqga11 u[gra]dl 'he intended to cut
off his headl(U 143, 13-14); U I V lo, 49-50;
DIS. V. ACR- negil 19 iglegeli u g r a s a r 'whatever work he
o g u r - Hap. leg., hut cf. d r u g , which fixes intends to do' U II 23, 26; similar phr. U III
the initial o-, ogrul-, and ogrug-. Xak. X I rr, 15 (ii); 48, 20; SUV. 475, 16; 600, 16;-
e r siioilk ogurdr: iobbnqa'l-rocrrlu'l-'azm wa [gap] a:zk~ya: ugra:yu:r blz 'we plan . . .
faralahu 'the man detached and disjointed the only a little' T T VIII A.17-ugrayu tilz
bone'. Kay. I 178 (ogurur, ogurma:k). 'particularly correct' T T V 26, 86: Civ. BgUz
ertgell u g r a d q '(if) you intend to cross
D agr1:-/agru:- Den. V. fr. a & r ; lit. 'to he, a river' T T I 35-ugramlg ig biltmez 'your
or become, heavy' but usually 'to he in pain or plans fail' do. 75, 176; negii igke u g r a s a
painful'; in Kay. and Muh. the tn-o meanings b u t e r 'whatever he plans to do succeeds' T T
seem to he allocated to the two forms, but after VII 28, 28: x ~ v Chin.-Uyg. Dict. chuan
that agru:- disappeared, except, under the 'especially, particularly' (Giles 2,702) ugrayu
influence of the -w-, in awru-. S.i.a.m.1.g. T T V, p. 33, note B86: Xflk. XI b e g a g a r
w. some phonetic changes. For the semantic ugra:dl: qa~adahrr'l-amir the beg moved
differences between aq1:-, a&]:- and 512- towards (or against) him'; also used of any
(s1zla:-) see aq1:-. TiirkIi v ~ r rulug o g l u n intention (gold) Kaf. I 274 (ugra:r, ugI-8:-
a g r ~ pyok bolqa: 'when my eldest son fell ill m a : k ; verse); a p k e m kelip u g r a d l m 'be-
and died' II S 9: Uyg. VIII ff. Bud. a:grlyur coming angry I advanced on him' (qa~adtu
'is (or becomes) ill' T T VIII G.1 I ; b a g t m ild'l-'aduww) I 125, 12; many o.o., used as
e r t i g u a g r ~ p'my head aches violently' U III Conjugational examples translated qa~ado:
37. 2: Civ. yanl a d a k ~a g r ~ y u 'his
r sides and K B s a g a keldlm u g r a p 'I came to you
le s ache' T T VII 25, 2; boguz t a m a k a r intentionally' 591; t a k ~bolmaz e r s e y a g ~
a i r l m a k z g 'pains in the throat and palate' u g r a s a 'but if nevertheless the enemy ad-
H I I 2 (or is prob. only a false start for vances on you' (and wishes to fight) 2364-
a g r l m a k ~ g )agrl:-
; 'to be painful' is common kalt Btseler a* saga u g r a y u 'if they prepare
in H II: Xak. XI agru:di: ne:g 'the thing was food especially for you' 4583: XIII(?) Tef.
heavy' (pkula); and one says @Ilk agru:dr: ugra-, with -gall or Dot'. 'to intend, deter-
takrtla'l-mriq wa danifa 'the illness was severe mine' z3r (ofro-): X I V Rbf. (see Schinkewitz,
snd critical' (agru:r, a8ru:ma:k); anlo bagi: Robghuzis Syntax, para. 147; refces. to fac-
agrl:dl: ~uddi'a ra'srrhu 'he had a splitting simile of B.M. MS. in K. Grenbech, Rabghuzi.
headache'; also used of pain (waca') in any Narrationes de Prophetis) u g r a - (a) with
wound or organ, and also of other pains -gall/-geli, CibrH'il kelip t o p r a k algalu
(al-arucd') Kar. I 273 (agri:r, agr1:ma:k; u g r a d ~'Gabriel came and intended to take
prov.): K B l g i agrudr 'his illness became some earth' gv. 14-15; $Hli@~i BltiirgeU
senous' rr 15; yuklim a g r u d ~'my burden u g r a d l l a r e r s e 'when they intended (or
has become heavy' 5692: xrv Mtlh.(?) fa&iqala decided) to kill Silib' 36r. 8; (b) with Dat. of
'to be heavy' agru:- Rq. 106 (only; mis-spelt Dev. N. yankuga u g r a d i 'he intended to
agrutr-); ta'nllama 'to he painful' a g r l - do. return' z36r. 21 ; (c) with Dat. of Common N.
105; tawacm'a ditto agrl:- do. 106: Gag. Mekkege u g r a d ~ l a r'they set out for Mecca'
xvff. a g r l - (spelt) ( I ) bn-dard dnradan 'to he 224r. 13; kaqan A d a m H a w w a g a u g r a d l
in pain'; (2) rancidan 'to he vexed, angry' San. e r s e 'when Adam met Ere' 7v. 19: Xwar.
4 2 ~ .9 (quotns.): Xwar. xrv a g r l - 'to ache, xlv u p r a - (a) with Dnt. of Infin. 'to intend,
be painful' Qutb 5; Nahc. 139, 2: Kom. xrv try' Q u ~ b 114 (oba-); (6) 'to arrive' 195
'to be painful' agrl-laglr- C C I ; Gr.; Klp. (@a-): I p . xv Tzrh. 22b. 7 has iadafa
xrv a g r l - ta'allamo Id 16; nl-waco' (a:r and) u ~ r a d wa l u g r a d l ; this is clearly corrupt and
a g r l m a k Bul. lo, r : xv !nquln a w u r - ; T k m . should read sadafa 'to turn away from' agur-
a g l r - Tuh. r ra. 6. (not an old word); sidoja 'to meet (by chance)'
u g r a - : O s m . xlv ff. u g r a - ( I ) 'to meet, come
ugra:- Den. V. fr. u g u r , and like it upon (someone or something Dot.)'; (2) 'to
semantically rather indefinite. In Uyk. it ,is avoid meeting (someone, etc. AbI.)'; (3) 'to
nearly always constructed with a Ger. In attack (someone Dat.)'; c.i.a.p. T T S I 712;
-gall:lgell:, and means 'to intend to (do II 918; 111 697; I V 774: xvr11 u g r a - (a?d
something)', occasionally with the Dat. with ugrag-) in Rrimi, d u ~ d rp d a n 'to meet', In
the same meaning; the Ger. ugra:yu how- Ar. mu~ridofa)(quotn.); and in muhliruarcit-i
ever.seems to mean 'especially, particularly' atr6k-i Rum 'Riimi colloquinl' 'ubiir 'to pass
 DIS. V
hy' as in the phr. ful3n kijynig iizerinden yagl: uQragt11: 'the t\rSrl encmirs advanced
u g r a d ~ m ' passed
l by that village'Son.76~. 12. on (qorada) one another'; also used of others
Kay. I 234 ( u g r a g u r , ugragrna:k); (in a
okra:- (of a horse) 'to rvhinny', particularly verse about summer and winter) utgn:llmat
when asking for food; contrast kigne:- 'to u g r a $ u : r 'each of them wishes to conquer
neigh'. S.i.s n1.l.g. X a k . X I a t okra:dl: (yoglib) the o t l ~ c rand ovcrcome him in the
lmml~nrnn'l,farns 'inda'l-isti'lri/ 'the horse dispute' (ynqrrrrrr) 1 170, 20: Osm. xlv xvr
whinnird asking for food' Kni. 1 2 7 5 (okra:r, ~ r g r n g -( r ) 'to iiirrt'; (2) ' t o lipht r~tirnriorhcr'
okra:ma:k): Gag. s v ff. o k r a - 6Jras!a riltn~tn in several texts 7'T.Y 1 713; I 1 qrX; 111 698;
md6 k a d a n nsh dnr (nlah-i 'alaf 'of a horse I1'775: xvrrl scr rtjira:-.
to make a prntle snt~ndasking for fompe', In
Ar. m?tnm!ttrm S ~ I I77v. . 13: O s m . srv-xvl 1) o k r a v - Co-op. f. 11f okra:-. S ~ ~ r v ~nrily vrs
o k r a - 'to \vliinny' in several texts TT'S I 537; ( ? ) in SE 'l'iirki Shnrc 19. X a k . X I yunrl
I1 722; 111537; I V ho2. k a r n u g okravdt: to!ion~Imrnnti'I-.mn~lli'l-'nlnJ
'the horses whinnied togcther for forage (etc.)'
D a g r l t - Caus. f. of a g r ~ : - / a e r u : - ; 'to cause Kaj. I 235 (okravu:r, o k r a g m a : k ; verse).
patn (usually physical, less often mental) to
(sonieone Acc.)'. S.i.a.m.1.g. T i i r k u vlrr ff. D o g r u g - Hap. leg.; Co-op. f. of o g u r - Xak.
Man. Chrtns. 56-7; 89-9o(acit-): Uyg. vrri ff. X I 01 rnaga: sugii:k ogrugtl: 'he helped me to
Civ. bagln a g r r t u r 'it makes his head ache' detach the bone and disjoint it'(fi tntbiqi'l-'ozm
T T VII 24, 21; 0.0. do. 24, 23; 25, 2 and 3: rua Jaslilti); also used for compctinn Kaf. I 2 3 5
X a k . X I 01 ant: a g r l t t l : nrucn'alrri 'he in- (ogrugu:r, ogrugmn:k).
flicted pain on him' Kag. I 261 ( a g r ~ t u r ,
agr1tma:k): xrtl(?) Tej. b a g agrlt- 39:
Fag. xv ff. a g r l t - Caus. f. (i)ha-dard 6ruardan T r i s . AGR
'to cause pain'; (2) rancdrlidan 'tv vex or anger' S a k u r u Scc akru:.
Snn. 4 3 r 3: X\var. XI^ bag a g r l t - Qritb 5:
Klp. srv (aftrr agrl-) in the Caus. f., a g r ~ t t u r - D a g l r g a k 'spinrlle whorl'; latcr used fnr
later abbreviated to a g r i t - fd. 16. other objects of similar shzrpc like 'millstone',
'the knob on the top of a tent', and the like.
D u g r a t - Caus. f. of ugra:-. Survives only In spite of the g r w t variety of spellings, there
(?) in N W K r ~ m SW ; Osm., 'I'km. 'to cause can be little doubt that this is a Conc. N. fr.
to meet'. X a k . XI 01 meni: i:gka: u g r a t t i : a g i r ; although thc alternation $19 is well
aqpndani ila amr 'he made me intend an established for the Suff. - $ i n / - g ~ nit is other-
affair' Ka?. I 261 ( u g r a t u r , u g r a t m a : k ) . wise unknown for -qak; this is more prob.
than the alternative possibility that it is a Dim.
D u g r a l - IIap. leg.; Pass. f. of ugra:- used f., although that form is rather more common.
Inipersonallv (unusual). X a k . xr 01 y k r k e : S.i.a.m.1.g. in a wide variety o,f forms, usually
ugraldl: pupidat tilhu'l-dipir 'it was intended u r g i k / u r g u k and the like, and perhaps evcn
to (go to) that place' KO$. 1 247 ( u g r a l u r , NE Tuv. e:rgi:g Pal. 592. T u r k s ( ? ) k a d l n k
ugra1ma:k). a g l r q a k graffito on a spindle whorl found on
Olohon Island, Lake naikal; datr quite un-
L) o g r u l - Pass. f. of o g u r - . Pec. to Kay.
certain, the area is that of the OF Kurtkan
X a k . xr siigii:k ogruldl: Jrr$ila'l-'agm wa tribe; kacjlrrk is proh. a Proper Name BTY
ft~bbiqn'the bone was disjointed and detached'; 11 158: X a k . X I a g l r g u k (the t a y n carries
in a verse ergekleri: ogru1u:r yanfarrl both knsra and ~intrrrrro) filknin'l-nt$zal 'spindle
nsrihihi'rthrc niin qiddati'l-hard 'his fingers are whorl' Kay. I r+r): slv A.l~ilt.(?)(among spin-
split by the intensity of the cold' Kog. I 247 ner's implements) (VU) al-!aqdla 'weight', i.e.
( o g r u l u r , ogru1ma:k). 'whorl' a g l r c u k Rif. 162 (only): K o m . xrv
I) a p r l n - Refl. f. of agr1:-/agru:-; 'to suffer v u r c i k 'spindle' (sir?) CCGj Gr.: Kip. X I I I
pain' and the like. Survives only(?) in NC Klr. 01-!nqrilott~'llati li'l-migzol spindle whorl'
o:run- and SIV ss Anat. a g r l n - ('to be a g l r g a k (sin unvocalized) Horr. 17, 7: xlv
offended') S D D 77. U y e . VIII ff. Bud. a g u r c u k 01-~n!ranc ruo'l-nard 'chess and
a g l r l n m a k (sir) m i i g r e m e k i n g i k l a m a k draughts(men)'; a k u r g a k ~nq6laltr'/-migznl;
'cotnplaininp of pain, shouting and groaning' and anything that resembles it is called
(are heard) Suv. 12, 21-2. X a k . X I ba:lig aQurgak Id. 16: s v !nqdla a w u r c u k ; in
agrtncll: tarcacca'n'l-carit1 'the wounded man margin T k m . a g r r q a k Tuli. I ra. I : O s m .
(ctc.) suffered pain from his wounds' Kay. I xvr ff. a g r r g a k 'spindle whorl' in two texts
252 ( a g r l n u r , agr1nma:k). TTS II I r ;1117.
I) agrlg- Co-op. f. of agr1:-. Survivesonly(?) PUL) o g u r g a : 'backbone'. Alniost the only
in NE Sag. a g r a g - R I 173. X a k . XI o1a:r stable eletnents about this word in modern
bu: 1:gka: agr1gti:ln:r tnrcncco'ri li-lrlidi'l-amr languages are the mcaning, the initial 0 - and
'they suffered together hecause of this affair' the -r-. T h e last svllahle varies between -ga
Kay. I 235 (agrlgu:r, aRr1gmn:k). and - k a (in the Uye. text it might he either)
but -ga: is more prnbahlr. If so, it might be
D u g r a g - Recip. f. of ugra:-. Survives only a Dev. N. fr. o k u r - , bcnrina the same relation
(?)in NW Kar. K r ~ m and
, SW Osm., usually niorpholopically to o g r i i g as, say, bilge: to
meaning 'to fight one another'. X a k . xr ikki: bilig. This is the likeliest explanation; hut
 T R I S . V. A ~ R - 93
the only early occurrcncc of the word is in a 'honour the guest' I 45, 21; a.o. 1 52, 29
late Bud. 'l'antric text, possibly X I I I or XIV, (aglr): XI[(?)K B V P (he adorned it) a g l r -
and it might be a Turkish I.-w. in Mong. I I blligler
~ bile 'with wise saws deserving
(ogirrga would be the form assumed by respect' 10.
o p r u g in Mong., cf. rlgrrrha for u k r u k ) re-
borrowed in the Mong. form; there does not, D a g ~ r l l kA.N. (and Conc. N.) fr. a g r r ; in the
however, appcar to I,e any trace of such a early periodusually metaph.,'honour,respect';
Mong. word. S.i.a.m.1.g. i l l a wide variety of in modern languages with a wide range of
forms; in some - m - , -n-, -9-, or zero take the meanings, 'weight; dificulty; heavy hamage',
place the lirst - 8 - and i n othrrs a -t- is and in Osrn. 'wedding ~ i f t sfrom the bride-
inserted nftcr the - r - , prodkrcing forms RrOOln to the bride'. S.i.a.m.1.g. except SE(?),
as NC Klr. o m u r t k a , Kzx. o m l r t k a , and often much distorted. Xak. X I k ~ l g r la g a r
SM1 Az. o n u r g n , Osrn. o m u r g a , 'rkm. aglrllk ahrimhum 'honour them' Kay. I 1 14,
o g u r g a . Uyg. V I I I ff. ~ u d(in a passage '7;. n.m.e.: K B (C;od w e him) a g l r l l k
about the association of ccrtaiK nrystical letters ukdS 'much honour' 44; 0.0. 147, 763, 845,
with parts of the body; 'if they have an inter- 6039, etc.: XIII(?)Tej. aglrllk 'honour, re-
nal position thc channels through which they spect' 38: X w a r - XIv aklrilk 'furniture'
emit light outwards are as follows: if it starts Nahc. 433, I ( s I ~ u ~ Osrn. ): X I V ff. a g ~ r l ~ k
from the earth-wheel') sIisgIln ogurgasintln O C C U ~ Swith a wide range of meanings T T S I
h e r 'it mmrges from the hackhone of the(?)'. 8 ; 10; 1x1 6 ; I v 7.
T T L'II 41, 26-7: X w a r . x ~ vm e n l m
ogl,rkam slnar backbone is broken^ P u g ~ r l u g P.N./A. fr. u g u r ; orininally
feasible, opportune', now 'auspicious, form-
~ ~ 275,h 9: K~ , ~ s~,s;~aluv~-yahr
,. 'backbone,
spinet oguntaka: (so lerror for "ate'. Survives only in NW Krlm R I 10x3
o g u r t k a ) Koo. 60, 17; rilxi/tttli'l-z&orutka; and SW. Xak. ugur'ug "9 al-amru'fladi
~ k orutga~ .Trlh, 8b, ; ,nccz waqa'a fi inlk6nihi 'a matter which is feasible'
'old woman' (MS. here onrits the Turkish a'o. 53 (uEur): KB
UgUrlug 'serve me with
translation and the next Arabic word 'acz'back, timely sympathy' 595; (in the spurious, later,
buttocks3) o r u t k a do, 24b, 5: osm.xlv ff,
ogurga (with nlin) ,hackbone'; C.i,a,p, verse after 476 u g u r l u g s a f a r seems to mean
TTS I 547; 11 733; xII j46; I ~ 6 1 0 :xvrrl 'an auspicious journey'): g a g . xvff. u k u r l u k
(in the mndmtim-hlifChapter) ogurga ,tahib-i maymanat 'fortunate, prosperous' Sari.
7 6 v 29: KIP. xrv ugurlu: duyumn 'fortunate'
(spe,t, with jZaj.i ~acarni,i,e, -g-) mlrhmhd-yi Id' 17'
p!t$l 'backbone' Son. 8or. I (obviously a R~imi
word with sagtr n~inmisunderstood). V U D 1 o g u r l u k Hap. leg.; A.N. fr. 1 o g u r .
agrlgllg P,N,,A. fr, agrli:; from Although that word is described as O h ertiit z this
One Occurs in a Xak. verse. Xak.
pain or illness', esp. chronic illness. S.i.s.m.l.g. a l ~ pa n u t g l l (MS. in error anungll) edg3:
often much distorted, e,g, NE ~ h ~ ire:lig; k .
NC fclr, o:rulu:, uyg. v l l , f f , Bud. nege lt aa hv ia r'iwad o g u r l u k 'if you receive a gift', fa-a'idd
hasan 'then prepare a good return
iglig k e m l i g agrlgllg tikiglig agar yakan
kelserler 'however manv sick IIIend.) and gift' I ' I 4 * 19; n.m.e.
suffering (Hend.) people approach him; Suv. S 2 o g u r l u k See ogrl:ltk.
585, 13-15: Civ. iglig a l ~ e d t i agrlglxg
katlnd* 'the sick man has recovered, and the D ogrl:llk A.N. fr. ogrl:; 'robbery, thievish-
man in pain regained his strength' T T VII 30, ness', and the like. S.i.a.m.l.g. except NE(?),
14-1 5 : KIP. xv mawcri' 'in pain' a w r u k l l (in often in the metathesized fotm o g u r l u k Xak.
margin, in S\T(?) hand agrllt/agrtkll) Tult. XI Kaf. II 208 (clkrlg-); n.rn.e: K B ogrlllk
33a I I . 'thievishness' 5768: g a g . xv ff. o g u r l u k
duzdi 'thievishness' San. 76v. 29 (quotn.):
D a g r ~ g s i zPriv. N./A. fr. a g r i g ; 'free from O s m . XIV ff. ogruluk/ogurluk 'robbery,
pain'. N.0.a.b. Uyg. V I I I fT. Bud. Suv. 191, thievishness', in several texts; in some it is
23 (Igsiz). impossible to determine which form is in-
D a g ~ r l l g P.N./A. fr. a @ r ; lit. 'having tended T T S I 7 0 j ; III 701; I V 777 (all
weight'; usually ~netaph.for 'enjoying honour mis-spelt I$-).
and respect', sometimes 'pregnant' or, more S aglr$ak/agrrquk See a g a r ~ a k .
vaguely 'valuable'. Survives only(?) in NE
K q . , Koib., Sag. R 305; Khak. Bas. 12 D ugm:yu: See ugra:-.
a:rlig 'heavy; expensive; precious; distin-
guished, respected'; NW Kao. a w r l i / a v i r l ~
'heavy, pregnant'. Uyg. vllr ff. .Ian. [gap; T r i s . V. ACR-
?the branches] b o k u k l a n u r aglrlrg b o l u r D u g r a k l a t - Hap. leg.; Caus. Den. V. fr.
'form buds and become heavy (with blossom)' *ugrak (cf. ugra:g); presumably 'to choose
Wind. 249, 10: Rud. (if he brings the jewel) an opportune moment', or possibly 'to appoint
a g l r l ~ gbulgay 'he xvill become respected' a rendezvous'. Hitherto read, unconvincingly,
1'1' 29, 3: Xak. X I a g ~ r l ~e rg 'a man who is as two words. Tiirkii V I I I (I said, 'if we go by
honoured (mnhrntn) among the people' Kay. I that road, it will be possihle'. I thought and
146; tu:tg1:1 konu:k agl:rll:g nkrimi'l-dayf made a representation to my xa2on. I set the
 TRIS.
amly in motion. I said, 'n~akethe rncn mount XI 01 ne:D ogrr:la:tlt: 'he stole (snroqn) the
their horses'. I crossed the Ak Temicl and) thinK'; and the common people pronolrnce it
u g r a k l n t d l m 'chose a favourable moment' bi-tnshirri'l-rri' (i.e. as o&urla:-), wn Irtrrca'l-
(and making them go on horscl>ack beat down -sofa', but this is a ~nistakc(o~urla:r,o&urla:-
the snow) T 24- j. mn:k, sic) Kng. I 3 1 0 ; (:!fret ugurln:-) hence
one says e r tnwn:r ofiurln:dl: 'tile man stole
1) a g r u k l a n - Hap. leg.; Ilefl. Den. V. fr. (mraqa) the ~ o o d s ' hccar~sr
, lie n a ~ t e dfnr an
a g r u k . Xak. X I 01 bu: 1:51fi a g r u k l a n d l : opportunity nnd a (convenient) time; there is
irtajqoln Irdijd'l-ntnr 'he considered this husi- another way of lool(inu nt it (rcarh) ntld thnt is
ness burdensome'; also used of a I)urden to suppose that ogrl: 'thief' is the no~ninnl
(01-lrinil) when one considers it heavy ('odrlnlrtr base (ism t~mnrdir'), that this wr~rd is com-
lnqil) f i r . I 313 ( a g r i r k l a n u r , a g r u k l a n - poulided from it, and that the -I- was elided
ma:k). (ttrriltat . . . taxfija(n)), and his is rnore
probable (a'cab), but both theories are accep-
D a g r t k a n - ReR. f. of * a p r ~ k a : -which seems table (11nson) 1 300 (verse with occurrences
to be an abbrcviatcd Den. V. fr. a g r r g cf. of ogur1a:- and ugur1a:- rhyming): xlv Rbg.
yar11ka:- (for *yarl@ka:-). N.0.a.b. Uyg. ogu:rla- 'to steal' R I r o l z ; Afrrh.(?) snraqa
vrlr ff. Ilud. (habbling and) a g r l k n n t p 'com- ogur1a:- (?, unvocalizcd) Rif. I ro (only);
plaining uf pain' Siru. 17. 23: X a k . sr e r a/-saraqa o g u r l a m a k ( d ~ t t o ) I 23: G a g .
a g r l k a n d ~ : ptliri'l-rociil rcnc'nlrrr 'the rnnn s v o g u r l a - dirzdidnn 'to steal' San. 76r. y
coniplained of h ~ spain' Knf. I 312 ( a g r l - (quotn.): X w n r . xrv ditto Q~rtb I 14; Nrrhc.
k a n u r , agr1knnrna:k). 101, 1 2 : K1p.xr11 sornqa ogurla:- Hoii. 35, 6:
D aglr1a:- Ilen. V. fr. a g l r ; originally 'to ~ I ditto
V Id. 16; Bul. 48v. : xv ditto Koo. 74, 18:
honour, respect, revcrcncc', in Uyg. usually in O s m . xlvff. o g u r l n - l o g r u l a - 'to steal';
the Hend. nyn:- aglrla:-; with some other c.i.a.p.; it is often impossible to dccide which
meanings in modern languages. Survives in is intended T T S 1 7 1 4 ; I1 '119; 111 7 0 0 ; I V
several NE languages as a:rla-; Tuv. a:rtU-; 776 (mis-spelt rig-).
NC I<lr. o:rdo-, Kzx. a w ~ r l a - ; S W Az. 1) ugur1a:- Den. V. fr. u g u r . Survives
a g l r l a - ( a p l r r a - R I 159). Osm. a g t r l a - . only(?) in SU' xx Anat. u g u r l a - 'to see (a
Tiirkii V I I I ff. Man. a g l r l a ~a y a g tap19 guest) off'. X a k . XI e r I:gIn u%urla:dl:
'honour (llcnd.) and serve' T T II 10,79: Uyg. irtaqaba'l-raculu'l-amr wa fa'alohu fi u'nqtihi
vllr ff. Bud. s e v e r t a p l a y u r a y a y u r a g l r l a - wa imkdnihi 'the man put off the business and
y u r l a r 'they love him, are pleased with him, did it when it was timely and feasible' KO$. I
and honour (1Iend.) him' T T V 10, I 12; 0.0. of 300 (ugurla:r, ugur1n:ma:k; followed by
1Jend. U 1140, 104-5 (udun-); USp. 106, 10; ogurla:-, q.v.).
T T VI 112, 132, 144; not in Hend. do. 35:
X a k . X I tegri: m e n i : agtr1a:dl: 'God made D ogr1:la:- See o8urln:-. ,
m e honoured' (nkramani); also used of anyone
who honours (or makes honoured, akranta) D a g r r l a l - Hap. leg.; Pass. f. of agtr1a:-. In
someone else Kng. I 300 ( a g ~ r l n : r , R ~ I T - I11 344 Kaj., discussinp the Pass. f. of verbs
1a:ma:k); I 53 (new); and four 0.0.: K B ending in -la:-, gives as an example e r
kip& t11 a g l r l a r 'the tongue lrlakes a nlan aglrlaldl: 'the man was honoured' (rrkrima),
respected' 163; 0.0. 389, 577, etc.: x r ~ ( ? ) and goes on to say that a g t r l a n - is also
K B V P n g ~ r l a -'to honour' 61, 63: SIII(?)Tef. permissible (cri,-o) but that the former is
ditto 38: XIV I<&.ditto R I 159; Mull.(?) commoner (nk!urri'/-isti'nid). Experience,
ahratno aglrla:. Rif. 104 (only); a/-ikrcim however, shows that the contrary is the case.
a g r r l a m a k 123: Gag!. s v ff. n g l r l a - sangin D a g l r l a n - Refl. f. of a g ~ r l a : - . S.i.s.m.1.g.
dnytan 'to considcr heavy'; and metaph. to'- w. some phonctic changes, usunlly for 'to be
zinr kordnn 'to honour' Son. 4 3 r 4 (quotns.) heavy; to feel ill or deprrssed', and in S W
%war. xrl1 a g t r l a - 'to honour' 'Ali 39: xrv Osm. 'to b e discreet, dignified'. Xak. xr e r
ditto Qlrrb 5 ; N(t11c. 8, I I , etc.: K o m . x ~ ditto v a g l r l a n d l : 'the man was honoured' (ukrima),
C C I , CCG; a v u r l a - C C G ; Gr.: Klp. xrlr the - n - being substituted (in~rbdala)for -I-;
i!ttarania mina'l-iirtirrinr li-kayrik 'to respect, and one says 01 bu: atnr: a g t r l a n d ~ : 'he
reverence someone' ag1rla:- Hou. 37, 14: reckoned that this horse was valuable' (fcili);
xrv a g r r l a - ista!qaIa bi-ma'nd ihtaralna wa also used for 'to reckon something to be
akrama Id. 16: xv harabn (error for qarraba heavy' (jaqil) Kay. I 2 9 1 ( a g l r l a n u r , a g r r l a n -
to reverence') a g l r l a - Kav. 17, 8; akrama ma:k); a.o. III 344 (aglrlal-): XIII(?) Tef.
a v u r l a - Tldr. ga. 10. a g l r l a n m i g 'honoured, respected' 38.
D ogur1n:-/ogr~:la:- Den. V. fr. ogrl:; 'to V U D o g u r l a n - Hap. leg.; Refl. Den. V. fr.
steal'. Oddly enough, while o g u r is a rare o g u r . Oguz XI (in the same pam.,as u p u r -
Sec. f. of ogrl: ogur1a:- seems to be the Ian-) and one says a t o g u r l a n d l : irwrclida'I-
oldest form of this verb, so much so that -farasu'l-timmhlib 'the horse which was given
Kaj. was inclined to confuse it with ugur1a:-. was given in exchange' Kny. 1. 292 ( o g u r l a -
S.i.a.m.l.p. in a \vide variety of forn~s. Uyg. n u r , ogur1anmn:k).
vtlr ff. Bud. a d n a g u n u g t a v a r l n o g u r l a d l -
m l z e r s e r 'if we have stolen other people's D u g u r l a n - Hap. leg.; Refl. f. of ugurla:-.
property' 1J 11 85, 21-2; TT IV 8, 69: X a k . X a k . XI u R u r l n n d ~ : ne:u hn'na ruoqtrr'l-fay'
 TRIS.
'the (favourable) ~ n o n ~ c nfor
t thc thing has 'origin, lineage', but no solution is likely to
arrived': and one says yo:] u g u r l a n d ~ :'the receive general acceptance. Ttirkti V I I I eW:n
journey was fortunate' (mrr11Zrak) Kay. I 292 ara: igi: o k s f z k a k tiirkii anea: o1um:r
( u g u r l a n u r , ugur1anma:k; followed by e r m i g 'between the two (extreme geographi-
ogurlan-, the renlsrk 'in Ogux' may olso cal points) the 'I'iirkU, whose lineage(?) is
apply to the second sentence abr~vr). completely without division into sub-tribest?)
dwelt thus' I E 2-3, I1 E 4.
D u g r a m s l n - Ilap. leg.; ~ i v e nin Kaf. III
322, I I as nn example of the Rcfl. Simulative . ACS-
D ~ S V.
Sufi. - m s ~ n - ;01 saga: u g r a m s l n d l : 'he pre-
tended to advance on you (yaqfidirka) t ~ u did t D agsa:- Hap. leg.; Desid. I.of 1 a:g-. Xak.
not actually do S O ' ; n.m.e. xr 01 ta:gka: agsa:dl: 'he wished to climb
(ru'ad) the mountain' Kay. I 277 (agsa:r,
agsa:rna:k).
Dls. A& /
D axsa:k N.1A.S. fr. a x s a : - ; 'lame'. axsa:- 'to limp, be Inme'. S.i.a.m.l.g. usually
S.i.a.m.l.g., usuelly ns a k s a k but a s k a k in as a k s a - in sorne NE and SE laneages a s k a - .
sorne NE and SE languages. Snmi 44 says Xak. XI a t axsa:dl: 'the horse (etc.) was
that in Osm. a k s a k , the older word, has the lame' ('arica) Kay. I276 (axsa:r, axsa:ma:k):
XIV Muh.(?) 'aricn akga:- Rif. I I Z (only);
general meaning 'lame' nnd topal (not an old
word) 'with one leg injured or shorter than of-'arac a x g a m a k 122: KIP. X I V akga-
the other'. See Uoerfer I 1 51 1. Uyg. vrlr ff. znla'a 'to limp' Id. 16; zala'a wa 'arica a k s a -
Chr. (in that man's house there shall be no-one Bul. 60r.: O s m . xv ff. a x s a - 'to be lame',
blind, dumb) a x s a k qolok (sic?) 'lame, one- once in xv, a g s a - in several texts fr. xvr on-
armed' (bald or diseased) M 11149, 4: Xak. wards T T S II 15; 1119 ; I V 10.
X I axsa:k al-a'rac 'lame' Kaf. I 119; (after D uksa:- Hap. leg.; Desid. f. of uk-. Xak.
boxsuk) and al-a'mc wa'l-a'snrn 'lame and XI e r s6:ziig uksa:dl: 'the man wished to
paralysed' is called axsa:k (VU) b o x s a k understand (yaf~in)what was said' Kay. 1277
'old lariqi'l-ilba' 'as a jingle' Kaj. I 465, 28: (uksa:r, uksa:ma:k).
xrr~(?)l e f . a g s a k 'lame' 39: xrv Rbg. a x s a k
'lame' R 1 138; Muh.(?) al-a'rac axsa:k Rif. D a x s a t - Caus. f. of axsa:-; 'to lame (some-
142 (only): Gag. xv ff. a k s a g l a k s a k fang one Acc.). Survives in the same way as axsa:-.
'lame' Sun. 45'. 28 (quotn.): X w a r . xrv Xali. XI 01 anl: axsattl: 'arracahu 'he lamed
a k s n k 'lame' Qrttb 10: Kom. xrv 'lame' him' Kay. 1 2 6 2 ( a x s a t u r , axsatma:k).
agsax(?) C C I ; Gr. 39: KIP. xrv a k ~ a k VU(D) oxsln- Refl. Simulative Den. V. fr.
al-a'rac fd. 17: xv ditto. Kav. 60, 9 ; Ttrh. *OX an unrecorded Exclamation. Pec. to Kay.
4a. 11. Xak. XI 01 k l l r n ~ gcgrga: oxslndl: 'he re-
a x s u m 'drunk', and more specifically 'fighting gretted (nadima) what he had done' KO$.I 2 5 3
drunk'. A I.-w. in Mong. ns aksitnz (Kow. 135)~ ( o x s ~ n u : r ,oxs1nma:k); iikiig s e v i n ~bolsa:
ngrutn (I3nlrod 9) 'stubborn, bad-tempered'. k a t l g oxsunu:r (sic) 'if a man takes pleasure
Ynkut a x s l m (of a horse) 'wild, fiery, in something, yaytadd hammuhu fi dd[ika he
sprightly' Pek. 209 is more likely to be a Iltong. is extremely anxious for fear of (losing) it' I11
1.-w. than a 'Turkish survival. Otherwise 373, 19.
n.o.a.b., but see Ilorrfer I1 510. Xak. X I D a x s u r - See a s u r - .
a x s u g e r al-racultr'l-mu'arbid fi srrkrihi 'a
man who is quarrelsome in his cups'; alter- Tris. AGS
native form (ftifa) of a x s u m Kag. 1 I 16;
(n.m.e. of a x s u m , it should hnve been E a k s l r a k in a damaged passage, Uyg. V I I I
entered between 6 t r t i m and a x g a m in I Su. E 8 Ramstedt read anda: a k s ~ r a kordu:
1 0 6 7 , but the MS. is clearly corrupt at this Brgin anda: e t i t d i m and translated it 'I set
point, e n d i k being entered between avtal up my distinguished(?) court and palace there'.
and Btriim): Gag. xv ff. a x s u m badmast In his note thereon he suggests the alternative
'drunk' Vel. I I (quotn.); a k s u m piziman reading k a s a r kurldln; this is no doubt right,
'repentant' do. 25 (quotn. in which it actually the meaning is 'I had my throne set up there to
means 'drunk'); a x s u m badmnst also pro- the west of Kasar'.
nounced a k s u m Sun. 3 3 r 19 (quotn.); D agu:suz Priv. N./A. fr. a&:; n.0.a.b.
a k s u m badmast also pronounced a x s u m Uyg. vrrr ff. Civ. 6:gre:nte:ki yu:lta:kl
(same quotn. as Vel.); the Rtimi authors yu:lakta:kl su:vIa:r a:gusuz a : n g (gap]
(i.e. Vel.) and Tali'-; Ifaratai (n1is)translated 'waters in brooks, springs and small springs
a k s u m 'repentant' do. 45' 2. free from poison and pure' T T V I I l 1.15.
D okslz Priv. N./A. fr. 1 ok. S.i.s.m.l.g.
T h e passage below has been much discussed T r i s . V. AGS-
and mistranslated, 2 ldl: having been taken to D axsumla:- Den. V. fr. a x s u m ; 'to become
be 1 iQi:; it seems clear that in it 1 o k has the intoxicated, get (fighting) drunk'. N.0.a.b. Sun.
metaph. meaning 'sub-tribe'. The identity of also records Caus., Refl. and Co-op. f.s. Xak.
the following word can only be conjectured; XI KB yB esrtik t u t u $ k11gB a x s u m l a -
the best guess perhaps is that it is 1 k6k g a y 'or he will start a drunken quarrel and
get intoxicated' 4586; uluglukka esriip kin1
a x s u m l a s a 'whoever gets drunk for power'
6140: Gag. xv fl. axsurnln- hodn,nr/i kordnn
'to he inh~xtcated';also pronouttccd aksumln- 1) uku$ N.i\c. fr. u k - ; 'tlrtdcrstandil~g'.
Son, ~ Z Y .27. N.0.a.h.Xak. X I u k u ? 01-fifrm 'understandtng'
Koj. I h z : h-13ukug 'understanding' is com-
Dis. i\GQ Inon, ; ~ n dorten nssnciatrd ~vithItilig 'know-
l c ~ t ~ c .:'~ r ~ c <jg
i ' I I I ~ ~ ~ I I ~ ~ c (cf.
I I C ~U' ~ I I 151,
~ )
D a & $ N...\c. fr. 1 a:R-; 'ascent, rise'. 161, 904, 1 ~ 1 71.j42, , vtc.: xu(?) K l l l ' l ' u k ~ g
N.o.a.b. Xak. X I aEi$ nl-so'rirl 'rise, ascent' 5 5 , 61, 73: S I I I ( ? At. ) uku$ llO$ 'utitlrrst:lnd-
Kuj. I 61 : K R a g ~ g k ah i $ 01 'a fall (follows) ing' (I-lend.) 22, 47; 'I'rf. ukug idllcri 'thrlse
a rise' 1087; 0.0. 903, ooj, 603y: Klp. xv the who have trnderst:inding' 32.5
translation of sa'tid in Trth. zza. I , nagag
eneg, is cnrrupt; in the margin in a SW(?) 11 ox$a:g N./i\.S. fr. 1 oxga:-; 'resrn,l>lit~g.
hand are yokug and nl-/m(iarn enig; the text resembl;~nce'. Less cotnmon than oxga:g (not
proh. originally had ~ a ' t i d a619 Ira daddrthrr noted before xlv) but survives in NC I<lr.
('and its opposite is') eni$. o k ~ o : NkV
; Kar. L. ux$a; ICnz. oxSaw; S W
ss Anat. ok$ak SI>D 1087, all meaning
ugug ill the early period a p o p ~ ~ l a t iunit o ~ ~ 'reuemblance'. Xak. X I oxga:E 01-j~hilr
snlaller than a tribe, clr a clan (1 b0:Q) but 'resembling'; hcnce one says an10 oxga:&r:
larger than a single unitary farnily, 'extended johihirlru 'his duul~le' liq. I 118: KIZ 16
fanlily', or, less precisely, 'family'; frorn this it
came to mean 'a generatiotl' or 'degree of (megzeg).
relationship' (one clear case in TT V I ) , and ?I; a x S a m 'evot~in~'.I'rob. n I.-w. frorn
later 'a junior member of the falnily, grand- Sogdian *'yi'tn (I'ersiari ~(ilrt),cf. Sogdian 'yfp
child' (properly atl:). 'I'he initial U- is fixed 'night', (Persian jab.) S.i.a.m.l.g., but rare in
hv spellings in 7'7' 1'111. Survives as O ~ U S NE where Igir 'dusk', q.v., is usually used in
'&andchild' in S W Osm. I<rd. 258 (only) and this sensc. Xak. XI nxvanl ~cn~trr'l-nro~ril,l~
xx Anat. SUD 1085. Tiirkii vrrr (listen to 'sunset time, evening' Kog. I 107: XIV Mrrh.
me, all you my younger brothers, sons) ( ? ) 01-'i~d' 'nightfall' a x S a m Rij. 184 (only):
biriki: u g u g l m bodunrm 'my united family G a g s v ff. a k ~ a mgdrn 'evening' Sun. 45v. 6
and n ~ ypeople' I S 1 , II IV r ; (if one man (quotn.): Xwar. xrv a k g a m ditto MN 20;
offended, they destroyed) U ~ U S I : bodunl: KIP. xrrr nl-magril) akrja:m Motr. 28, 16: X I V
begiikige: tegl: 'his family and people right ditto a x S a m B d . 13, 13; xv ditto Ttrlr. 35a.
down to (infants in) the cradle' I S 6, 11N 4 ; t o ; Osm. xlv 8.a x S a m c.i.a.p. T T S 1 13;
(me surrounded and killed at l'oqa: 'I'Cgin's II 18; 111 10; IV 11.
funeral) Togra: b t r ugug alpagu: o n e r i g
'one family of Togra: ten fightingmen' I N 7 ; vis. V. AG$-
{ditto) Togra: y1lpapu:tr: (sic) b i r ugugrg I) a@?- Hap. leg.; Recip. f. of 1 a:g-. Xak.
one family of 'l'oqra: fighting men' I1 E 31; xr 01 menir) birle: ta:gka: aglqdt: 'he cotn-
B a s m i l Iduk(k)ut u g u g t m b o d u n l m erti: peted with me in clin~bing(fiprl'rid) the tnoun-
'the Basmil (and their) Idukkut were f n y family tain'; and one says 01 m e n i g birle: b l r
and people' II E 2 5 : Uyg. \.rrr ff. Man. a1tu:nda: aglgdl: gnl61ii ji'l-si'r hi-dittcir 'he
k a m l g t ~ n l l gu g u g ~'all the fanlilies of man- tried to make me raise the price by a dinlir';
kind' 9'7' 111 35 and 114: Bud. Sanskrit and one says begle:r bi:r ikindi: birle:
se,or-orjuko hhnvnti 'he hecon>es one who aglgdt: 'the h q s dashed (tndnfln'nt) at one
nbnndons his family' U ~ U $(very faint, another' KO$.1 185 (agrg~l:r,agi$mn:k).
apparently trktrz) to0tn:rgu:luk bolur T l '
VIII A.5; Sanskrit hula 'family' t6z u:~u:$ D akr$- Co-op. f. of a k - ; 'to Ro\v together,
(spelt t6s u:hri:~) do. D.27;in U I1 34-6 it or into one another'. Survives only(?) in NW
occurs several times, translating (I) Chinese I<ar. Krrtn and SW. Xak. xr suvla:r aklgdx:
sh8n 'body' (Giles 9,813) in a s u r r u%uqmta 'the waters florved together (tasGyalat) from
'the (corporate) b:dy of Asurns' 34, 18; every direction' KO?. 1 186 (verse, .40r. and
( 2 ) Chinese chin family' (Giles 1,139) in Infin. omitted): Ktp. xrv aklg- tncdrd ild cihn
bayagutlar ugugrnta 'in a family of rich 'to flow together in one direction' Id. 17: O s m .
men' 36, 37; ( 3 ) Chinese hsihg extended xrv aklg- (of people) 'to assemble' TTS I 14.
family, clan' (Giles 4,599) in the phr. t6z
ugug 35, 29 and 30; a.o. of this phr. PP 67, D oklg- Recip./Co-op. f. of ok1:-; 'to call to
I (belgiirt-); (I a m c a heretic) u g u ~ l m d l n one another; to read, or recite, together', and
t a r t g l m d r n berti by heredity' Niien-ts. the like. S.i.ni.m.l.g. Uyg. vrrr ff. Man.-A
:91; (all will be well) ybttinq ugugka t e g i M I 9, 10-11 (Iqin): Bud. b i r ikintike
up to the seventh generation' (or 'degree of o k ~ $ i p'calling to one another' liiien-ts. 192-3:
relntionship') 1'T VI 300-1 ; 0.0. U II 44, 27; Xak. XI ola:r bi:r ikindi: birle: okr$t~:la:r
68. 4 (i): Xak. XI ugug 01-'olirn Kay. I 61; 'they called (dn'ri) one another'; and one says
O.O., same translation, 1 8 1 , I ; 114, 16; 1183, 01 nienig blrle: bit& okrgdl: 'he competed
21 ; 103, 25; the contests make it clear that the with me in rending the book'; alsn used for
meaning is 'extended family' or 'clan': xrrr(?) 'helping' KO$.I186 (okl$u:r, okr$ma:k); 0.0.
Ttf. U R U ~'tribe' (in the context of the twelve oklg- rln'6 1 3 5 4 , 15; okuq- da'G/tndii'd I 183,
tribcs of Israel) 233 (o&c$): x ~ vRh2. 11gu.7 j: II 103, 25: <ha. svff. okug- Co-op. f.;
 V. E G -
x w u ~'an unpleasant disease' Son. 108r. 29 ing T7' V 2 2 , 16; 6 g kiigUl Suv. 485, 3: Civ.
(quotn.): X w a r . xrv i g 'illness' Qulb 57; ogiigln kBgiiliigin bulgayur 'it disturbs your
Nahc. 87, 3-ig 'illat do. 333, 13: KIP. mind (Hend.)' TT 1.63 ; 6giigce 'as you expect'
01-'illa 'an illness' yjg Horr. 32, 20; ha,$ada 'to do. 120: Xak. X I B:g al-'aql wa'l-fitna 'intel-
be hateful' (sic?) yig k 6 r - do. 36, 7: X I V Ig ligence, mind'; hence age: Kay. I 48; I 96
('with -8') al-dd' 'illness' Id. 19. (2 Bgsiiz); a.0. I z q 3 , 19: K B 6 g is common
either by itself 25, 216, 217, 1995 (Bge:), etc.,
S ? 2 l g See I:k. or in association with ~ k u g148 or ukug 151.
etc.: xrv Muh, 01-fahm wa'l-'aql 'intelligence'
1:k 'spindle, distaff', later it came, like 1 ok, 8:g (-g marked) Me[. 5 I , I 5 ; Ri/. 147; a/-fahm
to be used for similar objects like 'pivot (of a (Rif., adds wa'l-x@ir 'thought') a:g 83. 7 ; 188
mill), axle' and the like. Survives in several (mis-spelt 3 1 ) : Xwar. x ~ 6v g 'mind' Qutb I Z I ;
NE languages as i:k R I 1415; S E 'l'urki iyik Nahc. 431, 15-16: KIP, ~ I I al-xrlfir
I (I:$, with
Shaw 40 (only): NC Klr, iyik: SC Uzh. ik: a kcif pronounced like a voiced (ma'qcda) qdf
SW Az. ly; Osm. ig/iy; T k d l:k. Xak. X I Hou. P I , 15: X I V og ('with -$') al-bd 'mind';
1:k al-migaal 'spindle'; alternative form ([@a) 6gin t u t g u l 'make up your mmd' (bdlak) Id.
of yi:k I 48; the same entry is repeated in 19: Osm.XIV ff. o g 'thought, mind' common
1 8 5 , 19 between 6yiik and oyun, presumably until X V I T T S I 558-9; 11 742-5; I11 619,~
insetted by a scribe who thought ti was iyik; 620; I V 5 4 4 4 .
(after yi:$) y1:k bi'l-kdfi'l-fulba with -k',
'spindle'; alternative form of i:k; this alter- IS 3 6:g 'an animal which has reached matur-
nation in like that in Ar. alma'ilyalma'i and ity'; Kag., who does not list 1 6 4 , includes
alandtid/yalondrid III 144: XIV Muh. a[-mii:znl this meaning in the same para. as 2 a:g in
yi:g Mel. 64, I ; (VU) iy1:k Rif. 162 (the only language which suggests that he thought that
vowel marked is kasra on the alif): Gag. xv ff. it was an extended meaning of that word, but
i g ('with -gl) (I) 'an instrument (dlati) with it seems rather to be a special meaning of
which they spin thread', in Pe. drik, in Ar. 1 6:g. Xak. XI o:g . . . also means 'any animal
migzal Son. 1o8r. 29: X w a r . xrv i k 'spindle' which lias reached maturity and grown up'
Qutb 57: KIP. XIII al-migzal i k Hou. 17, 7: (intayafo sinnuhtr wa kabura); hence a horse
xrv i g ('with -8') al-m@al
Tuh. 34a 9.
h. 19: xv ditto which has passed the age of four is called 6:g
a t Kay. 1 4 8 : KIP. X I I I (in a list of words used
for sheep of various ages) ibn arba'a 'four-year
1 b:g 'mother'; the oldest Turkish word with old' 6:g and those past this age are called age:
this sense. Survives only(?) in SW xx Anat. (sic, ?8:g) in T k m . Hou. 15, 3.
(Igeltik S D D I 102, r 106, and in der. f.s like
1 6gsilz. Otherwise n.0.a.b.; replaced by S (Ik See 2 ok.
ana:. See 3 B:g and 1 ka:g. TUrkii V I I I
Bgilm filbilge: xatunrg 'my mother Elbilge: Dis. V. EG-
Xatun' I E I I , II E 10; o g u m x a t u n ulayu:
6 g l e r i m e k e l e r l m (etc.) 'my mother the eg- 'to bend (something Acc.)'; occasionally,
Xatun and my (step)mothers, elder sisters' with 'head' or 'neck' understood, 'to bow'.
(etc.) I N 9 ; 0.0. I , E 25, 11 I? 20; I E 31: C.i.a.m.l.g. A syn. word eg-, included here,
vrrr ff. iigi: kagr: his mother and father' occurs so sporadically that it is not clear
IrkB 35; do. 58 (2 6t); a.o.0.; Yen. a g u m whether it is a Sec. f. of eg- or an independent
Mal. 28, 7 ; 29, 5: Uyg. vlrl ff. Man.-A 6 g i word, but, the Caus. f. egit-, SO spelt in T T
k a g ~M I 15, I ; o g tegri: 'the mother god- VIII, makes it clear that the occurrences in
dess' M I 13, 17; a.0. M I11 15, 15 (i): Bud. Uyg. are intended to represent eg- and not,
n n q Bg k a r l n d a 'in his mother's womb' as might otherwise have been supposed eeg-.
U 11 44, 28; 6 g k a g is common T T VIII Eg- survives in NE Alt., Tel. el)- R I 710
D.7, 19; 0 . 7 ; PP 11, 4and 5, etc.; T T VI 278 Bar. ig- R 1 4 3 1 : NC Klr. eg-. Cf. egil-,
( u ~ u z ) a.o.0.:
; Civ. klgi oglt 6$(k)e kelmez egin. Uyg. VIII ff. Bud. i k s~u k e ~ r e k l e m i
'the children of men do not come (back) to e g i p 'bending the two index fingers' U I1 46,
71-2; iki y a n a r ergek egip ditto T T V8,57;
their mother' T T 1216.
i l ergek
~ ayada eg(g)il ... y a n a r ergek
D 2 F g N.Ac. fr. 6:-; 'thought, meditation, egdii teg ege tutgrl 'fold three fingers in the
reflect~on', and, by extension, the organ of palm of the hand . . . bend the index finger in
thought, 'the mind', and the ability to think the shape of a curved knife' do. 12, I 19-21:
wisely, 'intelligence'; practically syn. with X a k . XI 01 b u t a k egdi: 'he bent ('atafa) the
ukug and in K B often associated with it; in bough' Kas. I 168 (ege:r, egme:k); ta:gtg
the early period sometimes in Hend. with u k r u k l n egme:s 'you cannot bend (yuknni)
k6giil for 'the mind'. Survives only(?) In a mountain with a lasso' I loo, 18: K B yagr
S W xx Anat. 8 k 'mind, intellect' S D D I 106. boynr e g d i 'he bent the enemy's necks'
TUrkil V I I I ff. Man. (because evil demons) 101; (the enemy heard and) boyun egdller
ogiimUzni sakmqrmlznl azgurdukln UqUn 'bowed their necks' 450; a.0.o.: XIII(?)At.
'have led our thoughts (Hend.) astray' Chuns. egllmez kijgiilni aklllk e g e r 'generosity
I 18-19: Uyg. VIII ff. Man. ogln kagtilin bends the unbend~ngmind' 233: xrv Muh.
azltrp 'leading his mind (Hend.) astray' T T (?) fawd p7qayn 'to fold ifi two' eg- Rif. 112
11234: Bud. Sanskrit smrti 'thought, memory' (only): Gag. xv ff. eygen dilr (sic, under a-y,
8 g T T VIII A.34; E.34; F.9; a.0. same tnean- but ?read 6$(C)en drir) may1 toa mtrhobbat
eylrdi 'he bowed and showed love' Vel. 41 u:- R 1 1 7 0 8 ; I<oib. Sng., I<hak. iig- 1i 11807,
(quotn.); Cg- ('with -g-') a m kardnn 'to bend' BNS. 253; N C Klr., Kzx. iiy-; S C Uzh. Uy-;
Son. 106v. 29 (quotns.): X w a r . xrv e g - 'to N\Z' I<az. iiy- R I 1335; S W sx Anat. iiy-
bend' Qltrb 57: K o m . xrv 'to bow' e g - (sic) S D U 1441. An irrcaular fnrrn with prosthetic
C C G ; Gr.: Kip. X I I I 'nrcmoca 'to bend' e g - y- occurs once in Snk., atid tnnre oftcn
Hott. 42, l o : X I V e g - ('with -g-') ditto Id. 1 8 : in (see u k m e k ) . Cf. ylk-. 'I'iirkii vrrl
xv fatolrr 'to twist' e y - Trrh. ~ 8 1 )6.
. (long ~ a p i)i k t i m II S 8 (uncertain, might I)e
the end o f n Inngcr xvnrd): l J y c . vrrr ff. I3ud.
e k - 'to sow (seed Acc.) in (the ground Dot.); occurs only ill the Illfin. i i k n ~ e k ,q.v.: 0.
to sow (a field Acc.). S.i.n~.m.l.g.X a k . X I o l K l r . rxfT. (in a I,atlly proservrd inscriptiiil~)
t a r l g ekdi: h~t(inra'l-,-or' 'he sowed the seed'; u y u r k a d a ~ ~iiciin m i i k d i m ' I hcapctl u p
alsu used for 'to scatter' (durra) powder or (wealth) for nly capable(?) kinslncll' hfrjl. 17,
drugs on something Kni. I 168 (eke:r, 2 (rather duhrous): X a k . sr o l y a r m a : k
ekme:k); I 64, I ( u r u g ) : K B negii e k s e iikdi: kor~,rcni~~o'l-dirfiilrirrl 'he piled tip nloney'
yCrke y a n a 01 iiniir 'whatever a man sows (etc.) k i ~ ?I. 168 (iike:r, i i k m e : k ) ; biligni:
in the ~ r c ~ u rlater~ d c o ~ ~ up'
~ c s1394: X I V Rlig. y i l k e r r n e n (sic) ncnra'rr'l-/ad/ hi-l:nrorr~il~i'I
bk- 'to snw' R I 6 7 5 (quotn.); Alrth. zara'a accurnulnte rucellence ( s i c ? ) by fIis grace' I1
'to sow' e k - IVIPI. 26, 6 ; Rif. I 10; of-zar' 243, 8 : ~ I I I ( ?:It. ) a g a I ? u k m i r ~a J u n t a p a
e k m e k 34, I j ; 120; Gag. s v ff. e k - (-ti, etc., iikgiiyi 'nh Iirnn \ \ I I ~ cnncrntratcs his judge-
'with -k-') rhiri ek- l'rt. 65 (quotns.); 6k- rnents un this nnrld' 449: (lag. xv ff. Uk-
('with -k-') I<d~tan'to so\\,' Sotr. 106v. 29 ( - e r , elc., '\vith -k-')coiir' rt-, yle- 'to collect,
(quotns.): X w a r . xrrr Pk- 'to sow' 'Ali 26: nssemhle' Vrl. 109 (quotrls.); u k - (sic?, in the
X I V ditto. Qlitb 49: KIP. x r r ~znm'a e k - tIo~r. same para. as 1 o:g- without difTercntiated
33. 20: srv ditto Id. 18; Bul. 47r.: xv ditto spelling) (2) cnin' hnrdnn Son. 78r. 2 (quotns.)
Kau. 74, 3; 7'uh. r8b. I .
1 6:g- 'to praise'. Survives only(?) in S W Az. Dis. EGE 1
oy-; Osni. S g - and perhaps N E 'I'ob. tiy- 'to eke: originally 'a close fcrnalc relative older
sing, recite' R I 1800. Turkiivrrr ff. yultu:zu:g than oneself and younger than one's father',
ogii:gli: e r 'a man \vho praises the stars' that is hr~tli'junior (paternal) aunt' and 'elder
TOY.2 ~ 7-8 . ( E T I ' 11 179): UyP. V I I I ff. sister', later only 'elder sister'. Cf. eqe:,
Chr. o g m e k alklg otiindiler 'they offered kukiiy, and baltlrz. Survives only(?) in Nlr
praises (Hend.)' U I 6, I j : Man. t a g t e ~ r i g Alt., Tor, 'I'el. e y e R 1 7 2 0 ; SW xx Anat. e y e ,
Ggelirn 'let us praise the Dawn God' M II iyye SI)I> 563, 803. In the ntcdieval period
9, 4 ; s i z n i iige n l k a y u 'praising (Ilend.) you' displ:rced hy thr syn. Mong. I.-w. egeqi noted
T T III 97; o g e yiikiknmig b u y a n ~ m l z in Gag. Vrl. 25, 70; SQII. IOSV.y; I<om. C C I ,
t i i ~ i n t e'in return for the merit of our praise Gr. and K I P . Hotr. 32, I and s.i.s.m.l. A
and worship' (lo. 169: Bud. oge: ya:rllka:da liomopl>onous npord e k e , nrcanilig 'father,
'he dcigtled to praise' TT 1'111 1I.g; 0.0. ul~cle,eltlcr hrothcr' occul-s in sever;ll 111odert1
U 1173, 5 (i); USp. 89, I-6gdum a l l t a d i m Iat~guagcs. S n i ~ may . be right in describing it
'1 praised (ttcnd.)' SIIV. 135, 4-5; 0.0. do. as a corruption of the &long. I.-w. nha/a&~
517. I S ; USp. 101, 15-U I11 46, 13; TT X 'elder brother'; in any event it is not an old
146-7 (yiv-): X a k . XI o l m e n i : 6:gdi: 'I'urkish word. See Dotsrjcr I1 512. T i l r k i i
rnndoltnni 'he praised me' KO$. I 174 (o:ge:r, V I I I I N 9 (see 1 6:g): Uya. vrrr ff. Bud. P d
6:gme:k); in a para. o n the difference between i n i ka k a d a ~e k e b a l d t z b i r g e r u 'elder and
the Infin. Suff. -ma:k and -me:k, as a n younger brothers, family, kinsmen, elder and
example nf a verb containing nl-kifu'l-rakiha, younger sisters together' Srtv. 554, 15: Civ.
-g-, o l m e n i : ogdi: (sic) I1 38, 1 4 ; 0.0. 1 4 7 2 , e k e 9 y e n g e g sevinqlig 01 'your elder sisters
I r ;1 1243, 7: KB 6 8 - 'to praise' is common, and sisters-ir~-le\vare joyfirl' T T I I 55: X a k .
184, 242, 272, 930, etc.; o g i i m e z (crasis of X I eke: 01-risttc'l-ktrbrti 'elder sister' Kni. I 90;
6 g u u n l a z ) 'cannot praise' 33: xrrr(?) At. I 86, 26 (eqe:); 111 7 (yurq): x r ~ r ( ? ) Tef.
o g - 'to praise' is common; Tef. ditto 241: (Zikriya's wife and Maryam's mother w r e )
srv Rhg. ditto R I I 178 (quotn.); Afuli. e k e b n l d i z 72: srv ~llrrli.(?)(in a rather cor-
madnlra 6:g- Alel. 31, 6 ; Rif. I I j (niis-spelt rupt list of terms of relationship) al-'aw~wta
6:r.): G a g . s v ff. o g - (-er, -ti 'nit11 -g-') 'paternal aunt' a n n : ege: (-g- marked) Rif.
68-, iimt//t et- Vel. 109, I 10 (quotn.); o g - 144 (only): q?g.(?) s v e k e ('with -k-') cor-
('with -g-') ?irnr/!~ II sitdyii knrdon 'to praise' ruptior~ of a g a 'elder brother'; among the
Soil. 7Sr. z (quotns.): X w a r . s l l r ditto. 'Ali Ozbeg. of T u r a n used idiomatically (nrup!ali!r) I
1
36; srv Qri~b 121: K o m . srv 'to praise' for 'nnmrn-i btrcttrg 'senior paternal aunt'
og-/ov- CCG; Gr.: KIP. xrv 6 9 - ('with -9-') (quotn. fr. Bubrrr in latter sense) Snn. 4 5 ~ 14: .
wtnd~r!ro frl. I 8. Ogirz xr after eke: 'and in Oguz eze:' KO$.I
90 (perhaps a corruption of eqe:): Ktp. xrv
s 2 o g - s e e iigi:-. ege: ('with -g-') (11-'nittwtn fd. 1 8 ; eze: ditto
rli). 13: s v 'o~irnrrre k e (or c g e ? ) 7'1rh. 251). lo.
iik- 'to heap up, accurnulnte (something
'4cc.):' This verb and its derivatives, i i k i i ~
rtc., h;lve often been spelt with initial 0-,but
the scriptions it1 T T V I I I and modern forms Pkki: 'two'. 'I'here is no douht that the -k-
make ii- c.errnin. Survives in NE Alt.. Tel. o r i g i ~ ~ n l idotlt>led,
s see Clnusor~, 'The
 Turkish Nunierals', JI<AS, rc)gr), p, zo; 2nd 'intelligent, understanding, and rldcrly' (allodi
the variations in spelling make it almost certain hihi 'aql rca fifna rca kibnrrr'l-sinn) l 48, 1 3 ;
that the initial vowel was 6-, hut the early I 310, , 2 3 (0ge:le:-); 1 356, I (t6git): K B
alphabets are so imperfect that it is impossible bilge o g e 'wrse Counsellor' 1754; ne e d g u
to follow thc evolution:, of sound. C.i.a.rn.1.; t u r u r b u k i ~ i k e og-e, ijgi bolsa o t r u
-kk- is noted, usually as an altcrnativc pro- a t a g u a g e 'what a good thing a (trained) mind
nunciation, in some N E lanpuaaes R I 682, is for a nian; if he has a (trained) mind he will
1421; SE l'urki I]$ 588, Jarring 139; and be called "Counsellor" ' 1995; a.0. 4240: X I V
some S C spellings; initial e - (or 6-) occurs in Muh.(?) ~ d k i bra'yi 'counsellor' 6:ge: (-8-
some NE languages, N C IGr., Kzx., some SC, rnarked) Ri/. 145 (only).
and most NW languages, thc rest have i-.
Tiirkii V I I I eki: always in I , 11, 7': V I I I ff. ii:gi: 'owl'. S.i.a.m.l.g.. occasionally with 6 -
eki: IrkB 2. 24; Cki: Tun. I V l o ; Yen. 6ki or -k-. See Doerfir 11 612. X a k . X I U:hi: al-
Mal. 31, 5 ; Rlan. eki five times and 6ki once -brim 'owl', but most 'Turks pronounce it
in Clruas.: Ilyg. V I I I eki aKvays in .$it. and ii:$i: with a krif, and this is more correct
I I I : V I I I ff. Man.-A e k i M I 12, 15; 111 16, 3 (afahh) since -11- is not a Turkish sound Knj.
(ii): hlan. 6ki (or iki ?) 7'7' 111 159: Bud. T T I 161; (thcrc is nn h in Turkish) 'the owl' is
VIII has ikl, not 6ki in various der. f.s, and called u:hi:, but the correct form is u:gi: with
accordingly spellings in UyR. script, which are a kfif, which is the KIP. form (luga) I 9, 10:
quite uniform, should he transcribed iki: Civ. similar statements 111 I 18, 25; 238, 15: KB
T T VIII has iki, not eki, four times; other iigi t e g u s u z 'sleepless like an owl' 2314:
texts always iki: 0. Klr. IX ff. eki: Mal. 16, X I V A4rth. al-brim ii:gi: Rif. 176; (Mrl. 73, 3
I ; 42. 5: Xak. XI the main entry, under the sa:ru: kug): Gag. xv ff, u g u ('wlth -g-') 'a
headrng fn'l6, which implics -kk-, is ikki: bird like the sparrow-hawk (far#) which can
(or bkki:?) a/-i!niin ji'l-'adad 'two' Kay. I see in the dark' .Tan. 7 9 ~ 26 . (quotn.): KIP.
131; ahout 70 0.0. of ikki: and half a dozen X I see Xak.: Korn. srv 'owl' ugii C C I ; Gr.:
each of iki: and i:ki:: XIII(?)At. iki 3 times; KIP. xrv iigii: ('with -g-') al-hcma fd. 19;
Tej. iki 123; xrv Muh. i:kf: MrI. 82, 4; Rif. al-Brinmtu'l-knhirn 'the great owl' ugii: Brti.
186, 187; ikki: 81, 7: Gag. xvff. iki: Son. 12, I (as opposed to 01-qrrhaysn 'the small owl'
1 0 8 ~ .15, but in 2 0 ~ .10 it is stated that VU qewqen): xv brim0 ugii Tuh. 7b. 2: O s m .
iki/ikki is one of four numerals which may XIV ff. iigiliigu 'otr.1'; c.i.a.p. T T S 1 7 4 2 ; 11
be spelt with either a single or double con- 948; 111727; I V 801.
sonant: X w a r . X I V iki A4N 2 etc., Nahc.
passirn: KIP. X I I I yeki: (?error for i:ki:) Hou. Dis. V. EGE-
22, 3 : X I V ikl: Id. 1 8 ; ikkl: nrtl. 12, x~ ikki 6ge:- 'tn file (a metal object)'; metaph. 'to
about a dozen times in ? i d .
grlnd (the teeth)'. S.i.s.m.1.; in others dis-
S ige See 1 iJi:. placed by egele- (*6gegle:-) which is first
noted in (Xak.) srv Mrrlt.(?)R f . 108 and Kip.
S iki:/ikkl: Scc Bkki:. xlv Id. 18: xv Tuh. 8a. I I . X a k . X I 01 blqe:k
D oge: Uev. N. fr. 6:-; a high Turkish title, 6ge:di: 'he filed (sahnla) the knife (etc.)'; and
roughly equivalent to 'Counsellor'; in thc one says bugra: ti:gln 6ge:di: 'the camel
Moslem period displaced by Arabic I.-w. stallion ground (qagaja) his teeth' Kay. I11 254
mazir. The transcription uge:, advocated by (Qge:r, 4ge:me:k): KIP. xv barada 'to file'
F. W. K. Miiller in U 1193, is i~npossiblefor ege- Ttrh. 8a. 11 (in margin, in second hand,
etymological reasons. N.o.a.b. See Doerfer Qgele-).
I1 614. T u r k i i V I I I ff. 6ge: P.N. or title P U ige:- Hap. leg., but sef, igen-, igi:$, igeg-.
Mirnn A . I I , C.2 ( E T Y 1164, 66); Yen. (gap) Xak. X I 01 a g a r ige:di: !zartina wn 'at6
61 ogesi: 'counsellor of the realm' (part of a 'alayhi 'he was obstinate and insolent to him'
P.N. ?) Il?al. 26. I ; a.o.0.: Uye. rx Baga: Kay. 111255 (ige:r, ige:rne:k).
T a r k a n o g e : 1'. N. Suci 3; this name also
occurs in the Mnirrnntnng (AKPAW, 1912) VU 6gi:- 'to grind (grain Acc.); to pulverize
together with many other names containing (something-)'. Survives only(?) in NE Alt.,
age, 81 a g e s 4 etc. (see v. G. in Drr Idam x x ~ x , Tel. 6kko- R I I 181 ; Sag. ik-ltig- R I 1798,
p. 61): V I I I ff. Man.-A 81 ogesi M 11134, 7; 1807; Tuv. oge-: N C Klr. Uk-; Kzx. fig-.
43,9: Bud. 6ge, 61 6gesi Pjahl. 10, 15; 22,3; In some other languages replaced by 6git-,
23, 17: Xak. X I oge: Iaqab man kdna 46 'aql q.rr. Considering the diversity of modem
toa sinn mrrca~rab fi'l-rtmtir, nrina'l-sriqa, forms the initial may have been ii-, but 6- is
ha'h'l-!&in hi-dartlca 'the title given to a likelier. Uyg. vrrl ff. Civ. s u g u n mtiniizin
commoner who is intelligent, elderly and ex- y u m g a k 6 g u p 'grinding down a maral deer's
perienced in affairs, (next) in rank to the te'gin; horn finely' If I 55: Xak. xr e r bugda:y
its origin is as follows (a stow about Bfi'I- 6gi:dI: 'the man ground (tohano) the wheat
qarnayn, in which lige: is &anslated kohl (etc.)' Kay. III 254 (8gi:r, ogi:me:k): Gag.
'mature') Kay. I 90; age: (-8- marked) is xv ff. o g e r ('with -g-') un 6g1idiir 'he grinds
cited in I I I , 18 as a noun in -e: (sic) der. fr. flour' Vel. 109 (in same sentence as 1 6:g-;
the phr. o:di: ne:gni: 'he understood the thing dubious, not in Sun.): Xwar. x ~ v(FHfima)
after he had thought about it'; (after 2 OR) t e g i r m e n iigiimekdln a r m q 'was weary
hence, the title bge: is given to a man who is with turning the mill' Nahc. 160, 16; 161, I.
102 DIS. EGG
Diss. EGG P U ? D egdi: Hap. leg.; alif unvocalized.
13 ekeF H ~ leg,; ~ ~, i f , of~ eke:,
, Xak. Xak. xl egdi: 01-madbah 'slaugllter house'
~ k e q 'a small girl' (rofirn) who displays Ka$. 125.
intei;;g:nce and makes herself, as it were, the I) e g d ~ :$a curved knifes; pass, L)~,.. N, fr,
(elder) sister of the clan (al-qarum)'; this word eg-. survives only(?) in NC K ~ iydi ~ , and
is applied to her as a mark of respect ('old
sabili'l-'atj) Kay. I 52.
sw xx ~ ~ egdelegdi ~ t SDL). 509. Uyg.
V I I I ff. Bud. 7'7'V 12, 1 2 0 (eg-): Xak. X I

prone to constant
,
Ig,.il N,,A, of Addiction f r , i:g; ,sickly,
N.o.a.b, Xak.
egdu: al-rikkinu'l-mu'aqqafu'l-ra's a knife
with a curved upper part', used for hollowing
out sword-scabbards and other things Kag. I
(in a para, on -Flll-Fii) and ,a man ,s.ho is 125: Osrn. xvr egdi 'a curved knife, in 4 Ar.
always sickly' (al-mimrcici) is called i:gqil KaJ. and Pe' diCtS' TTS
11157, 4; n.m.e.: K B (the man who overeats) 360; I V277'
igqil bolur 4672; a.0. 1058 (1 ka:n). D iktii: 'a stall-fed animal'; unusual Dev. N.
fr. igid-; cf. ikttile:-. Survives only(?) in SW
Dis. EGD Osm. ekdilikdi; Tkm. ekdi 'quiet, tame,
docile; parasitical, fawning'; xx Anat. ekdi,
VU beet '(maid) servant'. f n K ~ Iboth this ekti, ikti, etc. SDD 516, 519, 7 8 Xak. ~ XI
word and its der. f.s carry both fat!ra and iktfi: al-qnl,jfa m i n a ~ ~ - ~ l a s a w a~ , rstall-fed
kasra on the olif. Survives only( ?) in NE animal' KaJ. 1 I 14: Korn. X I V (of an animal)
Sag. &get 'sewant, retainer' R 1 697 and 'tame9 i k t i C C I ; Gr.: O s m . xv ff. ektil
possibly in SW xx Anat. ekdilekti 'servant' ikdillkdiilikti nomally 'parasite, hanger-
LID 516, 519. Xak. sr.6get 'any female ser- on'; once (xv) 'tame'; c.i.a.p. TTS 1 2 5 8 ; 11
vant (xddima) sent with a bride on her wedding 366; 111z41 ; I V 285,
night to wait on her' Kaj. I 51.
D ogdi: 'praise'; Dev. N. fr. 1 a:g-. N.0.a.b.
P U eglt I-lap. leg.; nlif unvocalized, but pre- Uyg. vrrr ff. Bud. (he deigned to praise them)
cedes a g u t , so prob. egit. Xak. XI e g i t 'a o ~ ogii ogdiler iize 'wittl all kinds of praises'
drug smeared on the faces of children to ward TT VIIZ 11.8; a.0. do. Ff.10; K l r ~ g t l r ~ n r ~
off ulcers and the evil cye' (01-sa'fa wa'l-'ay); iigdisin krlgu o l 'he must praise K.' USp.
it is medicinal herbs (adwiya) mixed wrth 44, I : Xak. X I I S I S16. (kanlt-); n.m.e.: KB
saffron and other things h i . 151. isizke siigiig edgti 6gdi b u l u t 'for the
wicked man a curse; the good man receives
igid 'false, lying; a lie'. N.0.a.h. Cf. o t r u k , praise' 239; 0.0. 2,907, and several Chapter
eziik, ya1ga:n. Tiirkii vln azu: bu: headings: xrrr(?) At. (my tongue tastes) a n l o
s a v ~ r n d a :igicJ bargu: 'or is there anything agclisin <his praise3 27; ~ ~ ~f g.d (and i
false in these words of mine?' I S 10, I1 N 8: ijgdijl) y,raisev241 : xlv ~ , ~al-n,ndh
h ,
V I I I ff. hlan. igid igidedfmiz e r s e r 'if we o:gclu: ATp/. s3, 7 ; 6:gdi: ~ ; f .
have told lies' Chtmr. 99; igid kigl 'a liar' do.
101; igld n o m 'falsedoctrine' 128. 148: U Y ~ . PU?U igtlilk Hap. leg.; perhaps Pass. Dev.
vrrr ff. hian. igid rnitri 'the false hlithra' M N. fr. igig-. Xak. XI igdiik 'a substance
I1 s, 6 (ii): Dud. (the conimandments of the looking like cheese (ha-hay'nti'l-cubsntl) made
~ u d d h a s )eziik igid holrnaz 'are not false' from fresh or curdled milk and eaten' Kny.
USp. 106, 28-9; a.0. Srrw. 371, 8 (atkangu:): 1 105.
Oguz X I i:git al-kndib 'a lie'; hence one says
igit so:z 'a false statement' Kn& 1 5 3 . D oktern in KB, where it is first noted,
clearly pejorative, 'proud, boastful', and the
VUD ogit Dev. N. fr. ogi:-. Survives only like; in modern languages more often lauda-
in SE Tar. R I 181I ; Tiirki Shaw 25; B$795; tory; N.S.A. fr. 6kte:-. T h e existence of this
Jarring 294 u g u t 'grain cleaned ready for verb is tenuous; R I 1181 lists Gkte-, Cag.,
grinding'. Xak. xr !git !ohnu'[-burr wagayrihi 'to encourage, put heart into (someone)', but
'ground wheat, etc. Kay. I 51. it is not in any other Gag. authority (possibly
Rb2.?) and R I 1183 6ktS-, same meaning,
D Ggiit 'advice, counsel, adn~onition';Dev. N. N C Kzx., but it is not in MM. Vel. I 10 lists
fr. 6:-. S.i.m.m.l.p., sometimes with initial Bktet (-ur) g&uI pdriian et- 'to confuse, or
u-. Cf. 2 k t . Xak. XI o g u t nl-'isa 'admoni- disturb (someone's mind)', not in Son.; and
tion, warning' Ka?. I 51 ; (otluk 01-'i~a). an,d CCZ; Gr. lists a Kom. X I V verb oktiin- (ric)
ti\viit is also used for 01-'izn, its origln 1s 'to offend, or grieve (someone)'. o k t e m sur-
ogiit I 102, 12; six o.o., mostly o g u t a1811 vives in N E Alt., Tel. GktSm 'profitable,
'take heed': K B ogiit v.1. for y a n u t 538, for advantageous' R I 1184; Khak. Oktem (of
bilig 1494: xlrr(?) At. ogiit ogretiir 'he con- a horse) 'uncontrollable'; NC KII'. aktSrn
veys advice' 45: Gag, xv ff. 8giit rwith -g-') 'strong, brave'; Kzx. o k t e m 'imperious, im-
pond rcn nnyi!rni 'advice and counsel' San, 7 9 v petuous'; NW Kar. I,. e k t e m ; K. 6 k t e m
25: X w a r . ~ I I I ( ?ditto
) Og. 329: xrv ditto 'prbud, insolent' R 1 685, 1183; Kow. 242.
Qutb 121; Nahc. 281, 4; 311, 17: KIP. XN The Calcutta dict. lists a 'Gag. word 8ktern
6gilt ('with -g-') al-nafiha hence ogiit b e r d i 'viblent, brave', reproduced in P. de C. 70,
narahahu ay a'td'l-nayiha Id. 18: xv ra'y R I I 182, but not in Vel. or San. Xak. xr
'advice' owiit; Tkm. 6giit Tuh. 17a. 8. KB (if he likes someone, his faults become
 TIIS. !.'. E C I I - 103

virtues; if he does not like someone) e r d e m sprinkle (darro) powder' Kaj. I 212 (eRittir,
Bktem bolur 'his virtues become pride (or ek1tme:k).
the like)' 534; becjiik siizlecll fioz bu 6 k t e m
tlilg 1lonstfill tongue has talked big' 672; I@id-'to feed (a Person or animal Act.)'. The
isiz bktemig #the wicked hoastcr3 5522; spelling is fixed by scriptions of this verb and
bodun 8kterni (bjKEest) boaster of the igldll- in T?' VIII. N.0.a.b. Radloff misread
61h7: Kom. 'proud' 6 k t e m it in badly-written passages in the Vienna MS.
CCG; G,..: x; foyJi (mis-spelt faJtsi) of K R as egit-, and it has recently been revived
'boastful' Bktem Tuh. 27b. 5 . as egit- in Rcp. 'Turkish for 'to educate', but
this, too, is an error. Tiirku vllr (the Turku
PU Bgdir n.o.a.11. Its occurrence in the Hend. people were h u n m ) 01 yllkl:g all:p i$lt(t)im
Bgdir anqu suggests that it means 'reward' . I took those cattle and fed them' 11 E 38;
or the like. l'rrhaps a I.-m. ?Iranian. Uyg. T i l r k u s i r bodunug Ogyz bodunug igcjii:
V I I I ff. Man.-A Ukiig Bgdirlrer] . . . altun oluru:r (Bilge Xagan) rules feeding the
.
a g d i r bbrser . . ogdir b r s e r 'many re fortunate(?) Tiirku people and the O&uz
wards . . ,,if he giver a revartin gold. . , if h i people' T 61; a r t u k yrlkr:g Igit(t)i: 'he fed
gives a . . . reward' M 111 45, 1-15 (iv) (a very more livestock' Ix. 25; seven 0.0. in I and 11:
fragmentary text); ikintf g r i w i n iiz srnlzg vrrl ff. Man. anqulayu k a l t ~kl(l)ig ogll
o g d l r kin1 kentii 01 t i r i g edgB sakrn[ql]ar tbginig a v u r t a l a r eliginte igidurce 'just
'secondly by the spirit the reward of his own as a king feeds his son the prince in the arms of
body(?) which itself is living good thoughts' foster-mothen' (that is 'gives the prince to
M I 22, 1-3 (i): Bud. U I11 32, 14-16; 56, foster-mothers to suckle') M 111 14, 3 (iii):
8-10 (anqu:). Uyg. vrrr ff. Bud. Sanskrit ntnyam niirtj'a
jiveta 'he must not live by relying on others'
D i g d i ~~ c v .N.!A. fr. igid-; originally n e v acjlnlarka: taya:nlp tiz igidgti~tik
'an animal bred domestically'; hence, later, e r m e z T T VIII E.8 (d represented by t and
'cross-bred, hybrid'. Survives only(?) in SW t by dl,); anIn 67, i g i d u r 'thereby maintains
Osm. j g ? i ~ / i g d i $(in Rep. Turkish also id$/ himself' PP 3, 5; t a k ~ g uigiclgli~i'poultry-
idig) whlch now means 'geld~ng'.A 1.-w. In keeper' TT IV 8,56; 0.0. PP 72,3; U II 76,4;
Pe. as ikdij 'hybrid', which Red. lists as a u ~ p$8,. t $ ; common in T T V I : civ. chinese
Pe. 1.-w. in Osm. The alternatke final -$, ch31r'to feed, nourish1 ( ~ i +,bS9) [ ~ ~igidmek
which first appears in Son. is inexplicable. in the names of two hexagrams T T I 159, 161,
See Doerfrr 11 5 1 3 See i g d i ~ ~ i :Xak. . XI 205: Xak. X I ol anl: igitti: rabbzhti 'he reared
(ksgdaq kyma: uru:r igdis iirii: tarta:r him3; igidti: with the -d-
translated bat~~i'l-'alldt,half-brothers by lared to the -t- K ~ I z13 ~ . (igidur, igicjme:k):
different mothers fight violently with one K B ( * ~~ ~igidgen d ) yak e r d i m tariittf
anothet, because of the hatred between them, ~ g i d tm i e n i 'I did not exist, then Iie created
but banti'l-uxydf, half-brothers by different and nourished me, Io97; a,o. 3549: xIV
fathers, help one another because of the love ~ ~ k the . titles of c o d ) ol-rabb 'lord7
hetween tllcm' Kay. 111 382, t o (the obvious 1gidge:n Mel. 44, r I ; Rif. 137 (-g- marked,
antithesis to k a ~ d a gis 6gde9, and this is -d- for -d-): X w a r . X I V (of God) lgitken
prob. the r i ~ h reading
t here): K B m e n igdig ~ ~57,t b
kuluo m e n tapugql Senlg 'I am your slave
bred in your household(?), I am your servant' 1) iigit- Caus. f. of Bgi:-; properly 'to have
1554; t a k ~y11klq1 igdig iiklltsilnl 'and let (corn) ground'; in the medieval period lost its
the stock-breeder increase the number of G u s . meaning and came to mean simply 'to
cross-breds (or animals bred in captivity)' grind, crush', and the iike. Survives only(?)
5590: xrv Muh. al-nltrrunllad 'a child bor? in NE Alt. oyt-; Tel. uyt- 'to crush, destroy'
of one brought up in the Moslem world and SW Az. iiyiit-; Osm. bgiit-lbviit 'to
igdi:g Me[. gI, 10; if. 1147: Gag. xv fi. grind'. Xak. XI 01 t a r @ 6gitti: at!wna'l-burr
i g d i ~ l i g d i g'a horse with a sire of one breed d a ~ r o h u'he had the wheat (etc.1 ground'
(cins) and a dam of another'; and in Pe. igdij K ~ JI . 213 (Bgitiir, 0gitme:k): xiv Muh.
means ( I ) irtiftl wa iittrizdc-i d< giz 'the union fahana 'to grind' Y W ~ - fife!. 28, 7;
(sic)
and blending of two (differtnt) things1; (5) Rif. 1 x 1 : Gag. xvff. Bgiit- ('with -g-') iird
mohblib wa mafhth 'loved and sought after , hartion 'to make into flour' Son. 79v. 5 : Kom.
and also 'a horse of two strains' (tuxma) San. xIv Bviit- 'to wipe off'(sweat) CCG; Gr. 186
ro8v. 28: KIP. ~ I I I(in a list of words for (quotn.): KIP. xrr tahana un t a r t - and
horses) of-igdif mo'rt$ 'a familiar word' (i.e. a 68ut- I ~ O U34, . I : xrv Bgat- ('with -g-')
Turkish word used in Ar.) Hou. 12,g. tahana i d . 18; [nhana (tbgirt- and) Bgit-
Bul. 58r.: xv faltana (tart-); T k m . yBgiit-
D Bgdeg Hap. leg.; 'havinp the same mother'; (sic; in margin in SW(?) hand 6giit-) Tuh.
N. of Assn. fr. 1 0:g. See i g d i ~Xak. Cf. zqa. 8.
kagdag.
D Bgiit- Caus. f. of 1 B:$-; like alkat-, q.v.,
noted only in thc Particip. Bgiftmig 'praise-
Dis. V. EGD- worthy, provoking the praise (or others)'.
D ekit- Hap. leg.; Caus. f. of ek-. Cf. N.0.a.b. Cf. ogtiir-. TurkU vrlI ff. Man. 01
'ektlir-. Xak. XI ol t a n g ekitti: abdara'l- y a r u k k1z1 6gOtmiq Bg 'the daughter of
-badr,'he had the seed sown'; also used for 'to light, the praiseworthy mother' M 111 15, 14
 D I S . V. E G D -
(i): Uyjj. V I I I ff. Man.-A ogiitmig a l k a t m ~ p n~aidservatit(nl-xririirrro) \Tho is chosen to hr
'a praiw\\nrth!. (tlend.)' !country) A1 I 26, 24: sent with the hride on the night of her \\cddingq
Ilurl. iigitmig1e:r a:ra:s~nda: 'arnung the Kog. I 150.
praiseworthy' 'l'T VIII If.5; rigiitmig kigi
T T VI 29; (the I h d d h a callcd) u l u g o g u t m i g L) ogdi:lig I'.N./A. fr. iigdi:; 'praised; praise-
yegedmig bilge bilig 'prcat, praisen.orthy, worthy'. N.o.;~.h.IJyg. V I I I fi. Ilud. (tn (lie
triumphant wisdom' do. +19. holding tirlnl!. to thc f : ~ i t i ~ri8tlilig
) tPtlr 'is
callcd praisewcrrtliy' 7'7' 1' 26, I 11-2: X n k .
okte:- Sec iiktem. X I KB (if you ?ourself nrc uood) atl!) iigdilifi

L) igdil- llap. leg.; I'ass. f. o f ieic!-; 'to be

'your nnrne is praisc.d' 240.
nourished, fed'. S o spelt in Kas., prob. cor- I1 f g i d s i z Ilap. leg.?; Priv. N./A. fr. i s i d .
rectly, cf. i g d u k , igdig. X a k . X I o g u l I l y a . V I I I if. I3ur1. e z u k s u z igIc!siz p n d a k 01
igdildi: 'the boy (etc.) was reared' (rnbbiya) 'it is a verse free from falsehoods and lies' U I
Kof. I 246 (igdlliir, igdi1me:k). 35, 1.
I) ogdil- 'to he praised'; presumabl?. Pass. f. D "gdi:siz ]lap. IcK.? ;llr-i,.. N,/A, fr, egdi:,
of iiWt-. Pet. to K B ; hence ()gdulmig (sic) U y g . V I I I tf. ~ u d (to
. st;^!. alive relying o n the
the name one of the principal characters in first two, i.c. an army and suppl~es)iigdisiz 01
KB. X a k . X I KB (the uses of the tongue are 'is praise\vortllp' T.1' V 26, I 10-1.
manv. and the harm that it can do cnrlsider-
ablej a r a rigtliliir t l l a r a m i g srigug 'at one D igdigqi: N.Ag. fr. igdi$; 'slockbreedcr'.
time the t o n ~ u eis praised, at another (re- l'ec. to KU. X a k . X I K M , Chap. 59, x.erscs
ceives) a thousand curses' 177; e d g u tuql 44-30 If. pites instrl~ctioi~sfur <lralinp with
ogdiliir 'good is constantly praised' 909. igdigqiler \\rho are k a m u g y l l k l l a r k a b u l a r
b a ~ q ~ l 'supcrvisors
ar of all the livestock'.
L) e Q t u r - Caus. f. of eQ-. ~ I . v . :'tu have
(something Acc.) bcnt', e t ~ y :~ " r v i v e sin NE
Bar. igdir- R 1 1 4 3 j : NC KIT.e g d i r - ; l y d i r - ; 'Tris. V. EGD-
K z x . i d i r - : NW Knr. Krm. e g d i r - and SW L) igide:- L)ct~.V. h-. i g i d ; 'to lie'. N.o.a.h.
Osm., Tkm. egtlir-. Xak. X I ol qoge:n eg- 'I'iirkti V I I I ff. Man. Cilunr. (igid); loo
turd]: 'he gave orders for hending ('atf) the (nndlk-); I 35 (artlz-).
polo-stick'; and also for ma kin^ anything lean
(imnlo krill $031') Kay. I 2 2 3 ( e g t u r i i r , egtiir- D igidil- Hap. leg. ?; Pass. f. of igi?; 'tu be
me:k): G a g . xv ff. kgdiir- ('with -g-') xotrt fed, maintained'. IJyB. V I I I ff. Bud. Sanskrit
formtidon 'to have (something) bcnt' Snn. 107r. sirtoc~addlryto'pi 'and maintained like a child'
20: O s m . s v e y d i r - 'to cause to bow(?)' in ogol t e g i g i ~ i l l pyeme: 7'T V I I I D.19-20
one text T T S 1 286. (-d- represented hy - I - , cf. igid-).
D ektiir- Caus. f. of e k - ; 'to have (seed Acc.) D 6getle:- llnp. leg.; 1)cn'. V. fr. &get.
SO\\.TI',and the like. S.i.s.n~.l.p. Cf. ekit-. q.v. Xnk. X I 01 k m l n Qget1e:di: 'he sent
X a k . XI 01 t a n g e k t u r d i : nhLiorn'l-hndr 'he a maid-servant (~Gditrm) with hic daughter
h:lrl thc scctl sown'; also used of powder when to her husha~td'shouse' KO?. I 29s (6getie:r,
it is ordered that it shall he sprinkicd (~tn~ir-o 4getlc:me:k).
hi-dnrrihi) IYnf. I 2 2 3 (ektiiriir, ektiirme:k):
Gag. s v I T e k t u r - Calls. f.; kdrdttidon 'to 1) ogiit1e:- Den. V. fr. iigiit; 'tcr advisc, ad-
ordcr to cultirate' Son. ro-jr. 20. monish (sonleone A c r . ) ' . S.i.ni.ni.l.p. X a k . X I
o l ofil111 ogiitle:di: uw'n;n ihttolttr 'he nd-
1) iigtur- liap. Icp.; Caus. f. of 1 n:g-. Cf. monished his son' (ctc.) Keg. 1 2 9 9 (ogiitle:r.
ogiit-. X a k . X I o l m e n i : o g t u r d i : ltomnln'l- ogutle:me:k): X w a r . X I I I ogiitle- 'to advise'
-inscin 'nln on yomcioi~a?ri'he urged the man to 'Ali 39: xrv ditto Q~rtb122: KIP. X I I I na~aifo
praise me' Kng. I 223 ( o g t u r u r , ijgtiirme:k). inirto'l-nnsh hi'l-knlin~ wa'l-'ad1 'to advise
about spcaking and honesty' ogiit1e:- (vocal-
U u k t u r - Caus. f. of uk-. Survives (same ized -&) 1 1 0 7 1 , 37, I I : xv 'otlttfn wn nn~a!ia
meaning) in NC Kxx. u y d i r - ; N W Kaz. 'to upbraid, advise' Ciyiitle- T~rlt.25b. 8 (in
Xak. X I 01 a g a r y a r m a : k iikturdi: knllafa~irr margin, 'also with -g-'); n a ~ n !do. ~ ~ 37h. z ;
'nici tnkzcimi'l-dirhonl 'he gave him the task limn 'to blame, criticize' do. 39% 3: O s m .
of accumulating nionev' (ctc.) Kof. I 223 srv and xv ogutle- 'to advise' in several texts
(iikturiir, iiktiirme:k). T T S I1 747; I11 557; I17 622.
T r i s . EGD J1 iktu:le:- Den. V. fr. iktu:: 'to feed la
~ . p , ~ , , * ,fr, eget, x a k .
D 6getlig 1 1 ~leg,; human being or aninla1 Arc.); syn. with W d - ,
(after cgFt1ik, 'and the bride is called egetlig and so clearly connected with it etymologically.
(that is possessing a personal N.0.a.b. Uyg. ~ I I ff,I n ~ d kentii . Bziimiizni
fc,llonrd by a para. explaining the difference i k t u l e d i m i z e r s e r 'if we have fed ourselves'
between - k and -2 in such pairs of words (by taking the lives of others) T T I V 10, 1 1 ;
KO$. 1I so. U I 1 86, 47: Xnk. XI 01 ko:y iktii:le:di:
'nlqfn'l-pit 'he fed the sheep' (ctc.) Knp. I 3 17
I) Pgetlik Hap. Iep.; A.N. (Conc. N.) fr. (iktii:le:r, 1ktU:le:me:k): xrrl(?) Tey. ektile-/
Bget, q.v. X a k . X I hgetlik kara:ba:g 'the e k t u l e - 'to feed, maintain' 73: XIV Rbg.
 T R I S . V.. E G G - 105

(when the eaglets had grn\vn up) e t oktuledi wall built for military purposes' Kay. I 78:
(sic) 'he fed them with meat' (and taught them KB o n iki Ukek 'the twelve signs of the
to eat) R I 1 185. zodiac' (Ar. hurc) 138; Cl(l)lg boynt k ~ l q a
t i k e k ~ ebaqr 'a king with a neck as (thin as)
11 *iktu:let- Ilap. Icp.; Caus. f. of 1ktu:le:-; a hair and a head as (thick as) a tower' (the
this word seems t r ) occur in a very late UyR. understanding man does not trust him at all)
Civ. dncumcnt, which is probahly inaccurately 2154: X I V Rhg. o n iki u k e k R I 1 1 9 3 (directly
transrrihcd, and seems to contain several copied fr. KR); hltrh. al-htrrc (here) 'a sign
Ar. \vortls. Uyg. V I I I t t Civ. m u r u w w a t l l g of the zodiac' ti:ge:k Mel. 78, 17; Rq. 183
Aryadanll: bizig qiit (Ar.) ektiietip (sic?) (-g- marked).
'giving the gracious Aryadana our food to eat'
USp. 88, 23-4. T r i s . EGG
L) Cgetlen- ]lap. leg.; Refl. f. of 6getle:-,
b *Ckkegii: Collective f. of Ckki:; 'two
together, both'. S.i.a.m.1.g. except SC, SW,
X a k . X I k ~ Bgetkendi:
z 'the b idc had a maid- often much abbreviated. In some languages
servant who was sent with i e r ' K a p I 291 ike'ulen, also often much abbreviated,
(Cgetlenur, eget1enme:k). appears as well as, or instead of, this word.
D iktii:len- Itefl, f. of 1ktii:le:-; 'to feed It carries a Rlong. instead of a Turkish suffix,
oneself'. N.0.a.b. Uyg. ~ I I fi.I 13ud. kentii see Clauson, 'The Turkish Numerals', J R A S .
a z u m l n iktilendim (sic?) e r s e r 'if I have 1959, p. 30. T i i r k u V I I I ekegu: should prob.
fed myself' U I I 78, 29-30 (the parallel texts be read in I N 3, see 2 dllig: Uyg. vlrl ff.
have iktliledlm): Osm. xv ektilen- 'to play Bud. tegin y k r ~ i avlqga birle ikegu
the parasite' in onc text P ' Z T I 258. kaldzlar 'thc prince and the old guide re-
mained (alone) together' PP 35, 8; ikegfike
D iigitse:- Hap. leg.; I>esid. f. of ogit-. 'to both' (praise and blame) U 11173, 22; 0.0.
Xak. X I 01 t a n g ogitse:di: taniannd an TT V 26, 108, and 110; Pfahl. 6, 5: Civ. 01
ya!!tani'l-hrtrr hi-f<lfayrihi 'he wished to have ikegiinl bile(?) k a v g u r 'add the two to-
the wheat ground by someone else' Kay. I 3 0 2 gether' TT VIII L.35; the word occurs about
(ogitse:r, 6gitse:me:k). a dozen times in contracts, mostly late, in
USp.: X a k , X I bar1:gla:r iki:gu: idhabd
Dls. EGG
intumd 'go the two of you' Kay. I1 45. 3;
I'U ekek Hap. Irp., unless nlis-spelt in Ktp. n.m.e.: KB the word occurs several tlmes,
xv 'ayh 'shame' ilik Pich. 2 4 h 4 there is no 331, 875, 1463, etc. the spelling varying be-
other trace of such a word, and /dm and tween ikigu and i k e g u even in the same
knf are son~etimcscotifused with one another; MS., ikigunlikegun also occurs, e.g. yagug-
cf. ekeklik. Xak. XI e k e k igle:r nl-mrimisa m a z ikigiin (v.1. ikegii) yo11 yargt 01 'the
tninn'f-nisd 'a prostitute' Kas. I 78. roads of the two do not approach (one another)
they diverge' 5311: XU(?) KBL'P i k i g u n
PU?D iigekjogiik, the first apparently the (v.1. ikegii) a j u n d a 'in both worlds: 17:
Man.-A form of the second. A term of affec- xrrr(?) Tef. ikegiilikeglinlikig1in both'
tion(?) of uncertain origin. T h e suggestion in 123-4: Gag. xv ff. ikegii ('with -k-, -9-')
v . G, A T G , para. 57 that it is a I3im. f. of ikisi bile Vrl. 66 (quotn.); ikew ditto 67
1 o:g hardly fits the contcxt of its heing (quotn.); ikew dti fn 't\ro together' ikewke
addressed to a non; the theory that it is a Dev. ba-har dri 'to both' Son. 1 0 8 ~ zf . (quotns.):
N. fr. 0 - seems semantically more suitable. X w a r . rrv ikegu Qulb 58; ikegun Nahc.
Uye. V I I I ff. Man.-A y e m e iigi k a g ~antaQ
a g e k s a v sozleyu u m a g a y 'and his mother 331, 7 ; 388, 13.
and father will not be able to speak such under- PUI> ekeklik A.N. fr. ekek. Hap. leg., but
standing(?) words' (as to enlighten his mind) Kip. xv mu'ayyib 'shameful' ililuli Tuh. 34b.
M I 15, 1-3: Bud. in PP 5, 8 ; 6 , 6 ; 9, 6; 16, 3 z may be a mis-spelling of the parallel P.W./A.
speeches addressed by the king to his son ekeklig; cf. ekek. Xak. sr ekeklikxa1a"afu'l-
Edgii iigli tGgin begin a m r a k a g u k i m and in -nrar'a cca qi?ratrrhd 'wantonness and sharneless-
do. 26, 3 the old man says to the king 'why are ness in a woman' Kay. I 153.
you sendifis your god-like, jewel-like O ~ U -
kugtizni to the land of death?'. In these D iikeklig Hap. leg.; P.N./A. fr. ukek.
contexts it is clearly an alternative word Xak. XI 'a nall which has towers (burric) on it'
for 'son', but 'sensible, understanding' hardly is called iikeklig ta:m Kaj. I 153.
seems very appropriate. D ukeklik Hap. leg.; A.N. (Conc. N.) fr.
u k e k originally 'box' or the like; hence ukek. X a k , xr ukeklik kulf xapba u'iddot
rnetaph. 'a wall tower' on a city wall, Arabic li-yutfaxad nrinhd 'tsrmdriq 'any piece of wood
harc, in certain contexts with the metaph. prepared for making it into a box' Kas. 1153.
meanings of that word. Survives only(?) in
NE Tuv. u g e k 'a small confined space, e.g. D ikegunlikigiin See Ckkegu:.
dog kennel, the interior of a covered cart,
sentry box', and N C Klr. u k b k 'a small box T r i s . V. EGG-
for carrying food'. Xak. X I u k e k al-fribrit D ekekle:- Hap. leg.; Den. V. fr. ekek. Xak.
wa'l-ftmdriq 'coffin, box'; tikek hurc sriri'l- XI e r ura:guinx: ekek1e:di: sahha'l-raculu'l-
-madinati'l-mu'adda li'l-harb 'a tower on a city -mar's wa nasahahci ilci'l-fuctir 'the man
106 ' I ' R I S . V.
nbused the wornan and alleged that she coni- otherwiqe n r1.a.b. Xnk. X I K B 463, 820, 1246,
mitted fornication' Kay. 1 306 (ekekle:r, 1701, 1954, etc.: x ~ vMuh.(?) al-foyih 'lucid,
ekek1e:me:k). intelligible' (npporite to 'dumb' agrn);
6:glii:g (first -9- marked) v.1. tt:llug R$.
11 ukek1e:- Hap. l e ~ . ;Den. V. fr. ukek. 150 (only).
Xak. X I 01 ta:mlg iikek1e:di: 'he placed
towers (rcadg'a . . . brtrric) on the city wall';
also used for making boxes (yanzdiq) of any- DIs. V. EGL-
thing KO$. 1307. D egll- Pass. f. of e g - ; 'to be bent, bowed;
to bend (Intrans.)'. S.i.a.m.l.g., sometimes
Dis. EGL abbreviated to e:l- and the like. 'I'here is a
Scc. f. ( ? , see eg-) egll- in NE Tcl. R 1712.
egll 'common, ordinary, lower class' (person).
N.o.a.11. hut a I.-w. in Mong. as egel (sic), same
Cf. emit-. Xak. X I y ~ g a eglldi: :~ nrcila'l-@urn
meaning (Kotu. 232, ffaltod 37) TiirkB 'the branch (etc.) bent'; (in a prov.) k u r u g
y t g a : ~e g i l r n e : ~'dry wood (01-sogob) cannot
V I I I ff. hIan. egll qokan k i ~ i l e r k e(gap) 'to
common ordinary people' (in antithesis to be bent' (yan*o!if) Kay. I 198 (egi!iir,
egilrne:k); bu: b u t a k o l cgilge:n this
kings and xnns) 1l.I III 11. 14 (i): Uyg. V I I I
( I ~unishedthe guilty notables but) kara: 8911 branch is constantly bending' (yatnnicTyi1) I
b o d u n ~ gyok k l l m a d ~ m'I did not destroy 159, I ; am. 111 215. 17: ICB kagll t e e koni
bod egildi koGl 'his body, (once) ns straight
the ordinary, common people' $11. E 2 : VIII ff. as a whip, has bent down' 1055; 0.0. 1099,
hIan. [Pglil qokan kigl[leri]g IM 111 36, 11 j992: X I I I ( ? )At. 2.33 (eg-): X I V Rhg. egll-
(ii): Bud. egll nomql toriiqi 'an ordinary
lower-class preacher and teacher' Kuan. to bend' R I 701 (quotn.); MIIII. ta'nwwaca
'to he hent' cell- Mel. 24, 8 ; Rif. 106: F a g .
126-7, 128 (same text, partly corrupt U I1 19, sv ff, Qgll- ('with -9-') .yam pdnn 'to hc bent'
9 and 10). San. Io7r. 18: X w a r . xrv egll- 'to be hent,
D ukil. Pass. N./A.S. fr. iik-; 'numerous'. to bend' Qtrth 19; egil- do. 57: K o m . xrv 'to
N.0.a.b. Cf. iikiig, ukli:-, etc. KIP. X I iikil be hent' 11- (for id-, confused with 11-) CCG;
01-ka!ir 'many, numerous'; hence one says G r . 10; (quotn.): Kip. X I V egil- ('with -g-')
ukil kigi: 'mmy people' Kay. 1 7 4 . to'ntc~cncnId. 18: xv mri!a byll-; T k m . egll-
Tuk. 3 5 b 12; fa'fa'a 'to stoop, crawl' egll-
L) ogll: in the phr. edgu: ogll: and ay:g (sic) 24a 4.
ogli: common in Uyg. V I I I ff. IJud., and esp.
in PP has nothing to do with 'action', as sug- D ekil- Pass. f. of e k - ; 'to be sown (etc.)'.
gested hy Pelliot in PP, p. 226, but is the Ger. S.i.s.m.1.g. Xak. X I t a r @ ekildi: arrri'a'l-zar'
in -gli: of 6:- and means 'thinking' (good, or 'the seed WRS sown'; also used of anything that
evil). is sprinklcd (d~rrra)over something Kay. 1198
(ekilur, eki1me:k): Ca& svff. ekil- ('with
D lglig P.N./A. fr. 1 i:g; 'sick, ill'. Like -k-' implied) kdftn p d a n 'to be sown' San.
1 i:g now survives only(?) in S W xx Anat. Io7r. 18: X w a r . xrv fkil- (of salt on a wound)
igll. 1g11, lgili, inll, and perhaps also ilek, 'to be sprinklcd' Qutb 57.
iylek SDD 763, 782, 783, 785, 793, 803.
Uyg. V I I I ff. Chr. ( ~ na llst o,E sufferers) iglig J) ogiil- Paw. f. of 1 o:g-; 'to he praised'.
taka118 'sick and discased Af 111 49, 4: Survives only(?) in SW Osm. iigiil-/iivlll-.
Alan. [pap] igligler [qnp] T T 111 55: Bud. Xak. XI e r ogiildi: 'the man was praisrd'
Saiiskrit ~Icino 'sick' igllg e:rip T T V I I I (mudi/ia) Kay. 1 198 (KgulBr, 6giilme:k);
A.24; 0.0. do. A.18; Srrv. 585, 13 (aarlgltg); e r d e m bile: iiglelim nafafriror bi'l-mandqib
USp. 42, 19: Civ. iglig k i ~ i k e'to the invalid' 'let us glory in our merits' 11 343, 19:
T T VI11 ilf.35; o.o. H II 33, 222 (udlt-); xrrl(?) Tef. 6guI- 'to be praised' 242: Cag.
T T VII 28, 39; 30, 14: Xak. X I iglig al- xvff. Kgiil- suttida ftrdan 'to be praised'
-marid 'the sick man' Kay. I 79 (e:d); 1 196 San. 78r. 26 (quotns.).
(uznl-); I1 351 (yarpa:d-); n.m.e.: KB (all D iikiil- Pass. f. of ilk-; 'to he heaped up,
ienorant people are) iglig 157: XIII(?)Tef. accumulated'. Survives in NE Koib., Sag.;
iglig ( I ) 'sick'; (2) 'severe' (punishment) 121 : Ichak. u:l- R I 1845; Bas. 257: N C Klr.
xlv Muh. al-ma'lril 'weak, sickly' i:gli:g (so Kzx. iiyul-: N W Kaz. Byel- (This verb has
spclt) Mt-1. 64, 11; R$. 163: Gag. xvff. been read in Tilrkii v r ~ rT 32, but the right
igiig dar(ittEk 'ailinq' Son. rogr. 9 (quotns.): reading is kel1:r e r s e r k8rli: kelii:r 'if he
Xlvar. xrv igli/iglig 'ill' Quth 57: O s m . comes, see him and bring him (to me)'?):
xlv ff. iglu 'ill' in one xlv text and one xvl1 X a k . XI topra:k Uktildi: 'the earth (etc.)
Pe. dict. T T S 11520; I V 411.. was heaped up' (taknmruatnn) I 198 (UkUlUr,
D iglik A.N. fr. 1 1:g; 'illness'. N.0.a.b. iikiilme:k); tegme: qeqe:k iikiildl: 'all the
Uyg. V I I I ff Bud. isig iglik 'fever' TT VII flowers were heaped up' (tardkafrta) 1437, 4;
27 r : Civ. f s l g iglik H I1 8,46: Xak. XI 1273 11 285. r g (in the latter inkafnba 'were col-
(a&]:-/agru:-; possiblv to be read iglig). lected'): KB ukug ordusr 01 n e g iiklii t u r u r
'understanding is its palace; things are col-
D B:gliig P.N.!A. fr. 2 o:g; 'capable of think- lected there' 310 (cf. irkil-): Gag. xvff.
ing rationally and clearly, thoughtful'. Com- Ukiilgen ('with -k-, -g-') cam' olup, y t g r g a
mon in KB, often in antithesis to 0:gsiia; 'collected, heaped ub' Vel, tog' (quotn.);
 DIS. V
Ukiil- (?sic, in nnrne para. as 6gtil-) cam' now' mina'l-marad 'every kind of illnesn was
judan Son. 781. 26 (quotns.) suffered' Kay. I 296 (IglelLlr, lgle1rne:k).
D ig1e:- Den. V. fr. 1 k g ; 'to he sick, ill'; the D iglen- Refl. f. of igle:-. Survives only(?) in
cause of illness, if mentioned, seems to he in SW xx Anat. igilen- (of fmit) 'to wither'
the Unl. Survives only(?) [in SW xx Anat. S D D 782 Xak. X I ura:gut iglendl: axadati'l-
igle-/lyle- SL)I) 783, 803: Uyg. v111ff. -mar'ata'l-!alp 'the woman was in travail';
Man.-A esen e r m e k iglemek 'to be well also used when a man is slightly ill (marida
or ill' M 111 13, 16 (i); iglemekin Blmekin qalila(n)) Kay. I 259 (no Aor. or Infin.):
'sickness and death' M I 9, 5: Bud. a g i r KIP. xv in'alla 'to be ill' yiglen- (sic) Tuh.
igledi 'he fell grievously ill' Suv. 4, 17; 0.0. 6b. I ; tamdrada 'to be taken ill' (xastalan-;
do. 478, 17; U I1 5, I ; USp. 97, 12: Civ. in margin in SW(?) hand) iglen- do. 9b. r I .
b o r k a iglemigin 'suffering from alcoholism'
Ei 1132, 26; 0.0. T T VII 24, 17; 25, 26, etc.: D o:glen- Refl. f. of 6:gle:-, Den. V. fr. 2 8:g,
Xak. X I e r ig1e:di: ninrodq'l-mcul 'the man which is noted only in Osm. X I V T T S 1 5 5 9 ;
was ill' Kay. I 287 (Igle:r, igle:me:k): K B 11743; 'to collect one's thoughts; to gain, or
k s m u g iglegen 'everyone who falls sick' regain, the power to think', and the like.
1108; a.0. 2109: XIV Muh.(?) fadd'afa 'to grow N.0.a.b. Uyg. vrlr ff. Dud. Sanskrit smytdsa~-
weak' igle- Rif. 106 (only): Xwar. XIV i g prajdlo who has recovered his memory'
igle- 'to be ill' Qutb 57. tigle:nti bill[p] T T VIII C.12; (he lay like
a corpse on the ground) u r keg ternin
S ikle:- See irk1e:-. tiglendl 'at long last he became fully con-
D 6:gle:- See 6:glen-, 6:gleg-, scious PP 62. I ; a.0. SUF. 619, 19 (anqada:):
Xak. XI a r u k e r 6:glendi: acamma'l-rdculu'l-
D Ukli:- Den. V. fr. u k i l ; 'to become larger, -mufyi 'the exhausted man rested'; also used
more plentiful; to increase (Intrans.)'. Survives of a boy, id6 kabura 'when he grows up' (i.e.
only(?) in NI.: $or uktii-; 'l'el. oktu- R I comes to years of discretion) Kay. I 298
1806, I 185. Uyg. V I I ff. Man. y a r l l k a n $ u $ ~ (o:gleniir, 6:glenme:k); a r u k e r oglendi:
k o ~ i i l l e r i iikliyti 'their merciful thoughts same translation; also used id5 fa!ina'l-gay'
increasing' T T I I I I 33-4: Bud. e d i m t a v a r l m baedgabduo bihi when one understands some-
uklizlin 'may my property (Hend.) increase' thing after failing to understand it originally
U 1 2 9 , z ; (just as a small Lire, when fanned by 6:glendi: I 259 (oglentir, og1enme:k): KB
the wind) iikliyiir beduytir 'increases and t o k ~ g ~uzatsa g yagl tigleniir 'if (you) pro-
grows bigger' (so the passions under the in- long the battle, the enemy comes to his senses'
fluence of lust) ukliytir agllurlar 'increase 2366; 6gelik t e g i r e r s e tiglengii 01 'if a
(Hend.)' U I1 9, 6-8; 0.n. of iik1i:- ag11- man reaches the rank of Counsellor he must use
T T I V 12, 44-5; Iliien-1s. 2075; Sanskrit his brains' 4141 : O s m . xlv to xvl (only) 6g-
puyfa 'nourished, brought up' tikfimlg T I ' len- 'to come to one's senses' in 5 texts TTS
VIII D.35. Snnskrit rtardhont~ 'increase' I 560; I1 743; I11 555; I V 620.
Ukliytir do.'^.^: Civ, ed t a v a r iikliytir T T
VII 28, 4.1; a.n. TI' I 75 (yala:); Xak. D iikltin- Hap. leg.; Rcfl. f. of iikU1-; form
'iik1i:di: ne:n zdda'l-fay' cra nnmd 'the thing fixed by rhymes a v l a n u p and Brleniip.
increased and grew' Kaj. I 287 (iikli:r. Xak. b i r b i r ii:ze: Cikliintip (the clouds) 'are
iik1i:rne:k);' t a v a r kirnig tiklise: I 362. piled (~afardkom)on one another' Kay. 1258,
24; a.0. trenslatetl kojura 'to be abundant' 3; n.m.e.
I1 366, 6.
D igleg- Hap. leg.; Co-op. f. of ig1e:-. Xak.
D iglet- Caus. f. of ig1e:- ; 'to make (someone XI yllkl: a r i g iglegdi: maridoti'l-ddudbb 'the
Acc.) ill'. S u r v i ~ e sonly(?) in SW xx Anat. cattle (etc.) were (all gravely) ill' Kag. I 241
S D D 782. Xak. X I bu: yC:r an]: lgletti: 'this (iglegiir, iglerjme:k).
place made him ill (atnradohu) because it did
not suit him' Kay. I 2 6 6 (igletiir, igletme:k). S ikleg- See irkleg-.
S iklet- See irklet-. D 6:glev- Co-op. f. nf 6:gle:-; 'to take
D iiklit- Caus. f. .of iik1i:-; 'to increase counsel together'. N.0.a.b. Ttirkti vrlt 01
(something Acc.)'. N.0.a b. See u g l ~ t - . ti$ x a g a n Bglegip 'those three xa&ns took
Uye. V I I I ff. Bud. Sanrkrit kl4svardliand counsel together and' (said 'let us converge on
'increasing the passions' n r z v a n ~ g2klitte:- the Gold Mountain Forest') anqa: tigleqmig
ci1e:r e:rUr T T V I I I A.1 ;uklitgiiltik do. 'that is how they must have taken counsel
E.6 ( s ~ g a : r k ~ : )agdlrn
; iiklittim 'I have in- together' T lo: Uyg. v111 ff. Civ. ( ~ na series
creased (Hend.)' Sttv. 136, 20; 0.0. U I V 22, of terrible events) ii$ ozUt oglegiir 'three
276 (Ukllt- 8 9 - ) : ~ u v 29, . 15: Xak. XI 01 souls take counsel together' TT I 29 (mis-
ne:gni: iiklitti: ka!fara~mdlah~cca lammara translated).
'he increased (Hend.) his property' Kay. I 2 6 4
(iiklitiir, Uklitrne:k, mostly unvocalized); D iikliig- Hap. leg.; Co-op. f. of iikiil-. Xak.
X I bi:r ne:g bi:r Uze: Ukltigdl: 'one thing was
same phr. 11366, 6: KB 5590 (igdig).
'piled (inkalaba) on another'; for example
D i g l e l - Hap. Leg.; Pass. f. of igle:-. Xak. sand, or locbsts, on a reed-bed, or people in
XI tegme; t o ~ 1 U gi:g igleldl; duri{a Pull a croad Kaf. I241 (liklUgii:r, iik1Ugme:k).
 I 08 TKIS. E G L
T r l s . EGL different mranings. Uyg. ~ I I tf. I Rud, hu
1) iige1ikA.N. fr. 6 g e : ; 'the Of ~ ( , ~ ~d h ~z r a~n i l u 7- e g l m (written rhirn; pap) 'this
loro. liec, to K D , x a k , KB (in a list of magic spell. a t h r e c f ~ ~ l.d . . 7'7' V I I l K . 8 ;
hich omcrc) k a y u s t Bgelik t e g i r ag b u l u r (because o f the passions) u 7 erJlm (sic)
dsnmc of reach the office of ~ ~ s a n s a n~l a k ~'irlhcrcnt~ in the threefold
~ ror!rrdra'
~ l l
and intelligence(?)+ 40fr7; a.n. 414r U 11 8 , 24; siniilar phr. Slrc. 133. 16; USP.
(i3:glen-). ~ o z a ,20; a y 1 2 k ~ l l n q l a r ~eng m i n t l n . ..
k i z l e g D l u k y a . p r g n l u k e r n l e z 'cannot he
T r i s . V . EG1,- hidden (IIend.) . . . from the fnl<l.;(?)of their
evil deeds' Srrr,. I 40, r 9-21.
I ) eke:lc:- Iiap. leg.; Den. 1'. fr. eke:. X n k .
X I 01 ant: eke:le:di: sn~rrntrilrdtr.vf hnbirn 'he I> e k i m f l a p . leg.?; N.S.A. fr. e k - . X a k . sr
cnllr:i hrr "rlcler si5ter" ' K n ~ I. 3 1 0 (eke:le:r, bi:r e k i m y6:1. 'the quantity of land which
eke:le:me:k). can h e sown ( y r ~ h ~ i n ron
) :I sinclc occasion'
Kaf. 175. -
1) *ekkl:le:- Ilcn. V. fr. ekki:; lit. 'to do
so:ncthing twice'; w ~ t hsonle extended mean- D u k u m N.S.A. fr. u k - ; 'a (single) heap'.
Ings. In some modern languages used as an Survivcs in N W Kaz. o y e m ; S W ss Anat.
nrdinnry verb, h u t in the early period only u g i i m SIIII 1707. X a k . xr bi:r u k u m
the Ger. ikileyu, somctinles ahhreviated to y a r m a : k 'a heap (kririro) of coins'; the -m
ikile: is noted. T h e r e is no etymological con- is altered (~irrtb~lnln) from - n KO$. 1 75.
nection betn~ccn this verb and t h e 'rurco-
~ 1 ~ ~ l ~l p ~ ~~ ~t . i ik e '~u ~l e n~ (see ~ 11 e~g m e : I'ass.
~ N.1A.S.
~ fr. le g - . Survives only
ekkeg":). Survives in NI: 7'"". iyile- pa[, ( ? )in SR' Osm. X n k . sr e g m e : n/-tfiq/i'l-hoyt
189; N\V Kar. 1,. e k i l e - Ko7,,. 182; ( K ~ ~ 'the , arch, o r vault, in a house' fi$.1 130:
i k i l e p nnly R I I S I O ) ; S W Osm. T k m . G a g . xv ff. '%me ('with -g-') r~;lmif, iki
i k i l e - , T u r k u vl1l ff. M a n . i k i l e y u y a ~ l r t l hat olntrrf 'hent, folded in two' VPI. 70;
';l[resh' ([lend.) 7 ' [ ~I l o , s 4 ; uyg. v l r r ff, .ravridn 'bent, crooked' Son. ror)r. r I (qr~ntn.).
hlan. i k i l e y u 'for a second time' 1l.f 111 32, I

4 (ii); Dud. ikileyii metuns not so much 'for

ukme: I,ass, N,lA.S, fr, u k - ; ups,
Survives i n NC Kzs, uyme ciiymc bol- ,to
a second time' in the limitcrl sense, ;IS 'afresh, he heaped UP', and perhaps S W ss Anat.
ill positive a n d agains in negative
srntrncrs; ikiley" sizlerni kiiruSmegey- XI hiiflme 'a h u t made of reeds' SL)D 758. X a k .
i i k m e : t o p r a : k 'heaped u p (nl-irrrthnrntcnr~r)
shall see yorl aFnill, P P 76, 3 ;
ikileyu takl kIlmnzmen ,,,ill again earth', o r a n y t h i n else heaped U P KT. 1 130.
do' (wicked things) S:ic3.138, 3-4; a.o. (posi- S e k m e k See e l m & .
tivc) Hii~n-IS.rgoS(i7in); i k i l e y u iiqle[yii] 'for
the second and third time' U 111 59 5 (ii): I1 u k m e k Infin. of u k - used ps a Noun. In
X n k . xr b1:r tilkii: teri:si:n ik1:le: s o y m a : s Uyg. sometimes used in this form in a lit.
'you cannot skin onc fox twice' Knp. 111244. sense, h u t usually with a prosthctic y - (see I
21; n.1n.e.: K B y u m u l m a d ~y a n d r u i k i l e u k - ) as a Bud. technical term translating
kBzi 'his eyes did not close again' 5674: Gag. Sanskrit shn~trilrn 'heap, collection', and
s v ff. i k i l e y 'on two occasions' Bnbur, Gibh samhhirn 'provision'. N.o.a.11. U y R vrrr ff.
i\ler~rorinl Trrrst ,fncsimile 61 v. 14, glossed Bud. t e l i m (VlJ) k o z l u g u k m e k l e r i g
riri pcirn 'two picccs': KIP. XI\' i k i l e - ('with 'many heaps of glowing emhers'(?) T M I V
- k - ' ) !atid 'to d o ( s o ~ n c t h i n ~a )second time' 253, 47; (sorrow, anxiety, pain, frustration,
Id. 18: xv !niriri 'to double' i k k i l e - Tuh. constriction) u l u g e m g e k l i g i i k m e k 'a great
620. 2 : O s m . xlv ff. ikile- 'to repeat (a state- accumulation of pains' U I1 1 I , 7-8 (mis-
ment)' in one X I V text; i k i l e d i n / i k i l e y i n 'for translated); Sanskrit sn~!rskfirn 'mental dis-
a srconcl time, agnin; tlicrcaftcr, next' in crimination' 5 u k m e : k l e : r l g T?' V I I I A.27
sexctnl \;IV and s v texts 'I'7.S 1 368; I1 521; (-k- represented by -g-;this is a mistransla-
III 359; I V 412. tion, snntskBrn is only o n e of the five ska~zd/ras);
a.o. USp. 89, 1 (ulgu:)-yukmek skondha
J l uge:!e:- l l a p . IPC ; J1vn.V. fr. Bge: X a k . s r 01 is col,l,l,o,l ,,, TT VI (the hi,- 17i;kmrk
a n t : 0ge:le:di: lot1qnhnhrr hi-lnqnb age: 7L1n Sotm), see the Prrface, pp. 8-9 for further
hrrro? knhir fi'l-qnroin 'he gave him the titleof occur,nces: Civ. (a turnour) krg i i k m e k t e g
*#PI, that is "a great man in t h e tribe" ' 'like a dung-hill7 H 1126, g4: (0. K l r . the
KO$.I 310 (oge:le:r, 0ge:le:me:k). word read as y u k m e k in Ma!. 11, l o IS
kBkmek, q . ~ . ) ;Xak' iikmek
D "glentur- (laus, f, of "glen-; n,o.a.b. -mnr'a 'a \voman's earring' made of gold o r
Uyg. v r l r ff. 1311d, Bglenturgeli uqun 'in silver, eca hrrwa'l-halqa 'it is a ring'; it is by
order tn (the stranded fish) Srtv. origin an infinitive (magfar); and anything
6 0 r , 22. heaped u p (mukoruwarn) is called u k m e k ; it,
Dis. EGM too, is by origin a n Infinitive Kay. I 105.
D e g i m N.S.A. fr. e g - ; lit. ';I single fold',
h u t usually used metaph. For the Sec. f.s(?) T r i s . EGM
with -9- see eg-. N.o.a.h.?; S W xx Anat. D 6ge:me: Pass. Dev. N . fr. 6ge:- with the
e g i m l i g i m S D D 51 I , 782 have quite connotation that the instrument is played with
 . EGN
a bow. Pec. to I<a$.; the second entry mis- reaped', also 'sown land, land under a sown
placed among words of similar form with an crop'; it is not always easy to determine which
initial consonant. Xak. xr 6ge:me: now' meaning is intended. S.i.a.m.1.g. except N E ?
mina'l-nmzdhir 's kind of stringed instrument' !lye. ~ I I ff.
I Dud. ya$ t u r k a r u ekini biitmez
Kay. I 137 ; 111 174. , his fresh plantings c~nsistentlpfail to produce
a crop' 1.7' VI 14: Civ. b u yBrke e k l n t u t s a
T r i s . V. EGM- 'if I get a crop off this land' USp. I I , 7; 66, 7 ;
similar phr. do. 19, 6 ; e k i n ydrde 'on the
D Ukmeklen- Ilap. ICE.; Refl. Den. V. fr. sown land' do. 29. 9: 0.Klr. rxff. this word
Ukmek. X a k . X I ura:gut iikmeklendi: should perhaps be read in three inscriptions,
tagannafati'l-mar'a ruo taqarro!ot 'the woman Mal. 3, I ; 44, I , and the new inscription from
rvore earrinps (IIend.)' KO$. I 314 (likmek- Oust-EICgueste (Touva), published by Sheher-
IenUr, Ukmek1enme:k). bak in (JAJ, 35R, 1963, p. 145. Mal. reads the
word I'unint, but the photograph shows an i
Dls. E G N / not u in 3, I ; Shcherbak in his new edition
D e g i n Intrans. Conc. N. -in (Intrans.) fr. niakes the same correction in 44, I , and
e g - ; lit. 'something which bends', but usually although he reads ii in the new inscription,
In an anatomical sense 'shoulder'. For the South side, the photograph shows I. T h e
Sec. f.s(?) with -g- see eg-. S.i.a.m.l.g. often word is obviously not k i n 'musk', and no
contracted to i:n or much distorted, e.g. NE known tneaning of kiin suits the context;
Kuer. egne R 1 7 1 5 ; Soy. (i.c. Tuv.) Ikti do. e k i n , if taken mctaph. to mean 'progeny'
1422 (Pal, has egin, with Poss. Suff. ekti). might, but does not fit very well in the new
TUrkU V I I I ff. (in a series of enquiries about inscription. 7 he word may be a term of
parts of a tent) egni: n e t e g edgii: 'How are relationship, kin or e k i n otherwise unknown.
its curved stays? They are good.' ItkB 18: ( I have parted from you my wife and son)
Uyg. vln ff. Bud. be1 y o k a r u kogiiz e g i n k e e k i n i m k a d a q l m aylta: a d r i l t l m 'I have
tegi ... e g i n y o k a r u s a q k i d l g k a tegi said farewell(?) and parted from my progeny
and kinsmen' Mal. 3, I ; k a d a ~ l r nekinime:
'from the waist up to the chest and shoulders
. . ., frtrn~the shoulders up to the edge of the aylta: a d r l l t l m do. 44, 5 (Shcherbak 3); url:
hair' TT V 4, 7-1 I ; iki eginlerinde 'on their kadaglrn iic e k i n i m klz k a d a y m tiq y . . .
two shoulders' do. 24, 49; s a q l a r i n eginle- (lost) 'my male kinsmen, my three progeny(?)
r i n d e (sic) tii$iirUp 'letting their hair fall over my female kinsmen, three . . .' Oust-Elh~ueste,
their shoulders' U I V 8, 1 2 ( I 1 39, 12); n.o. S . : (Xak.) XIII(?)Tef. y a g a g e k i n 'trees and
egin Suv. 36, I S ; XIV Chin.-Uyt. Dirt. chien standing crops' 72: xrv Rhg. bkin tlkln igi
'shoulder' (Giles 1,625) enil R I 712; Ligt-ti the work of sowing and planting' R I 698:
134: Xak. XI e g l n al-katif 'shoulder'; (ekin F a g . xvff. Qkin ('with - k - ' ) ekin ya'ni
follows here): e g i n kirbas 'a piece of cotton mazro'a 'sown land' Vel. 65 (quotns.); Bkin
cloth' one and a half spans wide and four cubits (spelt) k i ~ t - uzar' 'sown land' Son. 109r. 28
long, bihi biyn"dt Surciir in which the goods (quotns): O g u z XI e k i n al-mazra'a Kaj. 1 7 8 :
sold by the SuwPr (are wrapped?) Kay. I 78 KIP. xrrr ol-zar' 'standing crop' e k i n Hou. 9,9 :
(the alif of the second entry is unvocalized, but xrv ditto Id. 18; Bul. 6, 15; xv muflag 01-zar'
the word must be e g i n in the sense of 'a 'a general term for standing crop' e k i n Kacl.
folded material', which it has, with elaborations 63, 11; a/-zar' e k i n Tub. 18a. I .
like 'clothing', in some modern languages); P U o g e n 'a brook'; the contexts supgest hat
e m g e k eginde ka1ma:s 'pain does not re-
it w4s something smaller than a river. Possibly
main on the shoulders' (aktdf) I I 10. 3: K B survives in N E Leb., Tub. 6:n 'the local name
b u e m g e k neqe bogzt e g n i ticiin 'how great
is this pnin for his throat and shoulders' 1738: of the river Biya' R I 1214. Cf. ogren.
x!~r(?) Trl. e g l n 'shoulder' 69: x ~ vMuh. N.0.a.b. U y g . V I I I ff. Bud. o g e n ligtiz s u v l
'the water of brooks and riven' T T V 15, 16;
a/-mankih 'shoulder' Bgi:n Mt-!. 47, 8; Rif.
141 ; (under 'weaver's impletnents') of-tit& a.0. do. 28, 123 (sarga:n): Civ. k u d u g k a z s a r
b u l a k i5gen k a z s a r 'if a man dips a well or
'embroidery', egln 60, 10; 159: F a g xv ff.
bgn arka 'hack' Vel. 64 (quotn.); Bgn/bgin clears a spring or brook' T T V l I 29, 2; in
(both spelt) ( I ) sat-i drif a a katif 'the (top of documents in USp. relating to land it occurs
the) shoulder'; (2) metaph. b6zli 'arm' San. several times in descriptions of boundaries,
e.g. (PU) S u g u o g e n iize '(hounded) by
109r, 1 2 (quotns.); 109v. 7 (quotns.): X w a r .
the Sligii(?) brook' 13, 3 ; a.0. do. 88, 45-6
x r ~ r Cgin 'shoulder' 'Ali 7, 46: xrv egln
(suvql:).
Qurb 19; 'shoulder; sleeve' hTohr. 65. 16 etc.;
Bgin Qutb 49; Nahc. 57, 13: KIP. xrrr al-katif S Bgln/ogUn Sec. f. of &gin (ogi:) first noted
eyin; T k m . e g i n Hot#. 20, 9: xrv ( T k m . ) in the Vienna MS. of K B where the other
e g i n ('with -g-') al-katif; Klp. eyin id. 19; MSS. have 6nin, 835, 5530; KB1V 26, 67;
Bytn 01-katf rio. 26: xv a/-katij (qikin and K B P P 31. tag. xv ff. ogiin ('with -g-')
also) Byin Kau. 60, 17: O s m . xrvff. egin gayri 'other than, different from' Vel. 1x0
'shoulders, upper part of hack'; c.i.a.p. (quotn. Ltrtfi); ogiin gayr Son. 8or. 6 (quotns.
TTS 1 2 5 4 ; 11 360; 111 237; I V 278. Nawd'i).
D e k i n Intrans. Conc. N. fr. ek-;,'a standing 13 Ukiin Intrans. Conc. N. fr. iik-; 'a heap'.
crop, a crop Frown from seed and not yet Sunrives only in N E iigiin/ii:n, etc. Uyg.
 DIS. EGN
vtrr ff. Ilud. agrsr barlmr ...
u k u n kirilr Nog.: as regards Osm. Rrd. 263 lists a I'e. (sic)
'his property and wealth comes in in heaps' word evgenc (see Cai. below). See Doerfer I1
(without any effort on his part) T T VI 102; 610. 0. Klr. I X ff. (I have departed this life)
tagaden hukiin (sic) belgiirmig 'from the 611m Bkiinqlge 'to the regret of my realm'
millet a heap appeared' TT VIII K.3 ; a.o. do. Mal. 28, 8: Xak. xr okiinq 01-llasra 'grief,
0.29 (togorge:) Xak. xr iikun any 'heap' regret'; one says 01 t e l l m 6kiitlq Gkiindi:
(kritna) of coins, roses or other things; and tahassara bi-!randl kalira 'he preatly re-
hence 'heaped up (mrtctarni*) earth' is called ~ r e t t e d 'Kag. I 132; okiinq al-lrarra; one says
UkUn topra:k Kaf. I 7 8 (and see iikiim). 01 a g a r 6kiinq k l l d ~ :ca'nla lahu Irnsra III
449: K n Qve k l l m ~ glgler BkUnqi y a r t n 'one
igne: 'needle'. S.i.a.m.l.g. with a good many regrets the next day things done in a hurry"
variant forms, but initial i- everywhere except 587; 0.0. 348, 363, 918, 1075, etc.: xrrr(?) At.
in SE 'I'iirki yignelylgne, which proves that (keep your own secrets) sdziigdin oziigke
the y- in some languages is secondary (cf. 6kunq kelmesiin 'do not tell them and then
Iga:q), as is also the -9- for -g- which occurs regret it' 170; four 0.0.: Gag. x , ff. ~ skiing
in a few languages (cf. eg-). Uyg. vrrr Man. (spelt) naddmut wa piimdni repentance,
yanarr 01 yigne (sic) yllan 'her index finger regret'; in the Burhdn-i Qdti' arcranc, in the
is (like) a needle snake' 1l4 II 1 1 , 21-2; 8.0. wazn ('shape') of gatranc is mentioned as a
Suv. 593, 15: Xak. xr yigne: al-ibra 'needle'; Pe. nrord with this meaning Son. 80r. 11:
t e m e n yigne: 01-misalla 'a large (packing) Xwar. xrrr o k u n ~'repentance' 'Ali 46: xrv.
needle' Kaj. I11 35; 0.0. I 4 0 3 (temen); 113 ditto Qutb 122: O s m . xrv okiinc a l - in one
(sap-); II 120 ( s a p ~ l - ) I1
; 150 (saprn-): x ~ v text seems to mean 'to take revenge' T T S
Mnh. al-ibra yigne: (-9- marked) Mel. 69, 3 ; 1562.
Rif. 159: Gag. xv ff. i g n e (spelt) stizan
'needle', in Ar. ibra Son. 1091. I S : Xwar. Dis. V. EGN-
xrv igne 'needle' Qutb 57: K o m . xrv 'needle'
Igineline CCI, C C G ; Gr.: KIP. xrrr al-ibra D ekln- Hap. leg.; Refl. f. of ek-. Xak. X I 01
yi:ne; T k m . yigne: Hon. 23, 12: xrv (Tkrn.) 6:zige: t a n g eklndi: infaradn bi'l-zird'a wa
I$ne: 01-ibra; KIP. lne: Id. 19: xvol-ibm igne: ba$ri'l-nrp li-nafsihi 'lie devoted himself to
Kav. 64, 9 ; ibra ine Tub. qb. 12. sowing land for himself 'KO$. I 203 (eklnur,
ekinme:k).
D ekkinq regular Or+nal f. of 6kki:, not so
old as Qkkinti:, q.v.; second'. Gradually dis- PUD igen- Refl. f. of ige:-. Kay's first
placed by longer form in -qi:, which first meaning is normal; there is no obvious con-
appears, mptri grafia, in KB. S.i.a.m.1.g. with nection between it and the second which may
initial 6-/e- and -kk- in the same languages as be a mistranslation, see Osni. T h e meaning in
ekki:. Xak. xr ikinq'al-ldni 'second' Kay. I I 104, I is entirely different and the text is
131 (followed by statement of rules for forming perhaps corrupt; ige:le:niir Jr. a Refl. Den.
Ordinals); ikinc ne:g I11 449: K B ikinp V. fr, ige: (1 idi:) would suit the context, but
132; Ikinqi 788: xrrr(?) At. ikinq 10,152; Tef. there is no evidence for Ige: as a Sec. f. of
ikinq 123 (s.v. iki): X I V Rbg. iking R 11427: 1 idi: in Xak. Xak. xr a t igendi: hanina'l-
~ l l u h .a[-ldni i:kinci: Mel. 82, 8; R$. 187: -faras 'the horse (etc.) was refractory (or-
Gag. xv ff. ikinq ('with -k-') ikinci Vel. 71; restive)'; and one says k1sra:k igendi:
ikinc (spelt) diiyum (quotn.); ikinci driyumin hamalnfi'l-ramaka film wa 'aliqat 'the mare
(quotn.) San. 109v. 8 (both Pe. words mean was pregnant (Hend.)' Kay. I 203 (igeniir,
'second'): Xwar. xrlr(?) ikinqi 02. 67, 86: igenme:k); (later' he greatly regretted) Q:I
x ~ vQkinqi Qutb 49 ikinqllkinqi do. 58; bolgali: igendi: limd haruna 'inda'l-rnrrfdliha
lkinq Nahc. 2, 13, etc.: K o m . xrv ekinqi run cama!ra 'on ddlika 'because he was obsti-
CCI, C C G ; Gr. : KIP. xrv ikinci: 01-ldni Id. nate about making peace and resisted it' I
IS: xv ikincl f i r ) . 67, 15; ikklnci Ttrh. 61b. zoo, rg; kn:z kopsa: firdek k8:li$ 1ge:nCi:r
2: O s m . xrv ff. iklnq once in srv T T S 1 5 2 1 ; 'when the goose flies off, the duck takes posses-
otherwise ikinci. sion (fnmallakn) of the lake' I 104, I : tag.
xv ff. k i 01 kiiyaq yilzliignl k 6 r g e n igenur'
D ogiinq N.Ac. fr. 6 g u n - 'self-praise'. N.0.a.b. bl-ixtlyZir 'for anyone seeing that sun-faced
Xak. X I ogiinq (the -9- marked with three beauty involuntarily becomes restive' P. de
superscribed dots in the MS.) al-famaddrrh C. 121 (it is uncertain where P. de C., who
'self-praise'; hence one says bu: i:gke: (sic) mistranslated it, found this verse; the verb is
ne: ogiing kere:k 'what need is there for not mentioned by Vel. or San.): O s m . R I
self-praise in this matter?' I 132; ogiinq al- 1425 quotes from Lrh. Osm. a verb igen-
-tamaddtrh III 449; KB ogiinqke b o l u p e r (obsolete) (of an animal giving birth) 'to hold
ozin 6ldCiriir 'out of vanity a man lets himself its breath and make violent efforts to expel
be killed' 2292 (cf. alpltk): Kom. xrv 'praise' the child;' this entry does not seem to occur
Bgiinq/Gygunq C C G ; Gr. in the edition of A.H. 1306.
D okunq N.Ac. fr. okiin-; 'repeptance' (for D Fgiln- Refl. f. of 1 o:g-; 'to praise oneself,
something that onk has done), regret' (for boast'. Survives only(?) in S W Az. oyiin-;
sorncthing that has happened). Survives as Osm. 6giin-liiviin- (Rrd. also quotes the
okiiniiq and the like in SE Turki Show 26: forms ogen-loyen-loyiin-) Tkln. 6vBn-.
NC Klr.; Kzx.: NW I<k., Ksz. (Ukenep); Xnk. xr 01 6:zin Gglindl: 'he prnised (madahn)
 1. E G N -
himself' Kay. I 203 (ogiiniir, 6gUnme:k); Bud. esirgenqsiz 6kiingsiz kBoiilin 'with an
and three 0.0.: xlv Mtrh.(?) al-'acab 'to be unstinting, unregretting mind' Suv. 169, 13-
pleased with (something)'(?) agiinmek (un- 14: Xak. X I KB uzun yaglrft edgU BkiincsUz
vocalized) Rif. 122 (only): Gag. xv ff. 6gUn- y o r l r 'the long-lived good man lives without
(spelt) mufdxarat wa mubahht wa xwud-m regrets' 3 4 8
sutridarr 'to boast, brag, praise oneself' San.
78v. 3 (quotn.): Kom. X I V 'to boast' Bvunmek D ekfndi: Pass. N.1A.S. fr. ekin-; 'sown, to
CCG; Gr. be sown'. Survives only(?) in SW Osm. Xak.
xr ekindi: t a n g al-badru'l-mazrti' 'seed corn'
Okiin- (6kl)n-) 'to repent, regret (somcthini Kay. I 140.
Dot.)'. Survives in the same languages as
6kUng. See Ukiin-. Tiirkti V I I I ff. Man. D *6kkinti: the oldest Ordinal f. of ekkl:,
Chuas. passim; T T 11 10, 81 (otiin-): Uyg. and the only one to carry the Suff. -nti:,
VIII ff. Chr. t6p Okiindiier 'they expressed which is prob. the origin of the normal Suff.
their regret, saying. . .' U f 9 , 3: Dud. iikonnr -nc; originally 'second', but when 6kklnq
yeme: 'and repents' T T VIII A.44; BkUn- 'to appeared retained in the narrow meaning 'the
repent' constantly recurs, sometimes in isola- second half of the day' or, even more narrowly,
tion, sometimes in a string of verbs 'pray, be- 'the afternoon prayer'. S.i.s.m.1.g. in the last
seech, admit (one's faults), clear oneself (of meaning. In Turkii certainly ended in -ti:,
sin)', etc., esp. in the long confessions of sin in in Xak. in -dl:, the Uyg. form is uncertain
TT IV and Sttv. 133 ff., e.g. Suv. 137, 23 owing to the ambiguity of the Uyk alphabets.
(agln-); 140, r and 1 1 (kakln-): Civ. kBgUliig See Doerfer I1 650. Tiirkti V I I I ekinti:
kagiiziig Bkiinmeki iikiig 'the repentance I N 5; eki:ntf: I E 33; T 39; ekinti: 11 S
of your mind and heart are great' T T 1 8 2 : I 'second': V I I I ff. eki:ntl: 'second' IrhB
Xak. XI 01 ya:zukrga: okiindi: tohassara 'ala postscript; 6ki:nti: ditto Toyoh III ar. 1 0 ;
danbihi rua nadima 'he regretted his sins and IV r. 2 ( E T Y I1 179, 180): Man. ekinti
repented'; also used of any repentance Chuas. 81,129, 179; M 111 16, 5 (ii); Bkfntl
(naddma) Kaj. I 203 (Bkiiniir, 6kunme:k); Chuas. 34: Uyg. V I I I eki:nti: 'second' $u. N
I 132, 16 (6kiing); I zoo, 18; Bkiingil 9, E 7, W 4, 7; V I I I ff. Man.-A b i r ekintike
ta'assaf 'regret' (a loss) 111 361, 4: K B 'with one another' M I 9 , 9 ; 6kinti 'second'
kiisermen yigitllkke 6kniir 6ziim 'I long M I 22, I (i); Man. ekinti Wind. 249, 4;
for youth and regret its loss' 363; 0.0. 244; Qkinti M I11 32, 4 (iv): Bud. b i r ikindlqke
919, 928, 1239, etc.: XIII(?) At. (a wise man (sic, in error) T T VIII G.18; ikindf do.
acts at the right time and) Bkiinmez k6din H.3; ikindi: do. D.14; 0.0. PP 17, 4; TT V
'does not regret later' I 14; 0.0. 143. 144: xrv 8, 75; 22, 23, etc.; T T VII common: Civ.
RbB. 6kUnUp ylglagtllar 'they were sorry and ikindi (or ikinti ?) common in H I, I I , USp.:
fvept together' R I 196: Mzrlz. nadima ligiin- Xak. X I ikindi: ne:q 'the second ( a l - f h i )
(-8- marked) Mel. 31,14; Rif. I 15; al-nadGnia thing'; ikindi: woqt ;alati'l-'ayr 'the time of
Bkiinmek Rif. 123 (only): KIP. xlv Bkiini' iftemoon prayer' Kaj. I 140; b i r ikindi:
('with -k-) tahassara wa tatohhafa 'to regret (three o. of ekindi:) 'one another' is common:
(Hend.)' fd. 18: xv ditto ekne- (sic, ?error; XIV Muh. al-'ayr i k i n d i : ~(sic) Mel. 80, 4 ;
in margin Bkun-) TuA. gb. 3. ikindi: Rif. 184: Gag. xv ff. ikindi wagt-i 'afr
Son. 1 0 9 ~ .11: K o m . X I V 'evening prayers'
D LikUn- Refl. f. of uk-; 'to bring together, ekindii C C I ; kinde C C C ; Gr.: Tkm. XIIX
concentrate (troops)'. This word prob. occurs al-'asr yekindii: (sic) Hou. 28, 16: KIP. xrv
in two passages in Turkii where hitherto ikindi: ('with -k-') al-'asr fd. 18; ditto
6kiin- has been read. The reading 6kun in I E yekindii: Bul. 13, 13: xv 'asr ikklndi TUB.
23 (11 E rg), judging by the photographs 25b. 4.
and the context, is prob. an error for ii~II:n.
TiirkU V I I I (the I<ara: Ttirgcs had revolted) D ilgiindi: Hnp. leg.; Pass. N.1A.S. fr. Bgiin-.
a n t a g Bdke: iikliniip Kiil Teginlg a z e r e n Xak. XI tlgiindi: kigi: 'a man praised (al-
6rtii:rii lt(t)lmiz 'thereupon collecting' (our ,marndt+) by everyone' Ka?. I 140.
troops) we sent I<ul Tegin, providing him with E eki:nlig in the phr. eki:nlig isfgti has been
a few mcn' I E 40; (the Oguz fled and went read in Tiirkii vrrr 11 N I I in a list of precious
into China) iikiiniip siiledim 'collecting (my
objects, preceded by 'gold, silver, silk brocade'
troops) I started a campaign, I1 E 38. and followed by 'blood horses and stallions,
black ermines, grey squirrels', and interpreted
T r i s . EGN as the name of some kind of cereal for planting
S ikingi: See Ckking. (P.N./A. fr. ekin). But the second word is
6vgii:ti: ( q . ~ . ) 'brocade' and the first, no
D Bkiingliig P.N./A. fr. Bkiing;"having, or doubt, kinlig 'musk-scented'.
causing regret or repentance'. S.i.s.m.1.g.
Xak. XI KB eve kllmla ialer okungiiig T r i s . V. EGN-
b o l u r 'hurried actions (Inter) cause regret'
556. D okundiir- Caus. f. of Bkiin-. S.i.s.m.1.g.
Xak. XI KB okiindiirdi siizlep m 6 n i b u
D Bkiingsiz Priv. N./A. fr. 6k.iing; 'impeni- t i l i m 'this tongue of mine, when it has spoken
tent, without regret'. N.o.8.b. Uyg. V I I I ff. has made me regret it' 3879.
 I) tb,.:r-i: .\ S., > +,;ii--; ' c i r . #' .,!, I, .. : , , , ! , *
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p ,!:. ,.:!, i:i 'I ~ , i i. ,, ( . ; I , 111,t :! , i:
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'h~.~r.(:;>!l.,L!<' e$-i: 1Ji:::)j 3 r . c : ~ : 47, 14; L + I
(at-!<.I:); !~!-;i:!,j ' C ~ C , - : - ~ O L I C ? ~ ' ek;~i:(,dit~(~, \-.I.
of Pt.. r T!,:,: -<Zix :shic!i is a l . - ~ v . fr. ,r
bo(!)-:i,i;;;-~.'v!~i,7.:): ( K t p . X I \ - e g i r ('.,bittb e g d i : , egzi:), 47, 2 : 149 (~(p;.r?,Iy-C > , < T Ucf.~ ~ ,
-d,.-'j u! r;,f.h,.:~z 'bl:!ch' ( a n,rrc! ip..ciJ[y u5ed a c l u r t j ; (rl-7:~:';i: 'liar, r o k ' i e ' e y r i : (un-
voc:t'i-/c.!) ki.ji: Rzj. I j; ( o ~ i ! ~ )$32. : YV s.
-
>f hur,c,); ~ ! s v pr-r,!~,>!li>ci.i!eygir i d . rf,,
i C 9 r 1.- . t r : hc i\ ~1II:crerlt i\.urL(): O S ~s l.i C-. egri ['xrith - 2 - ' ) ~:<ri L't.1. 69; 6gri (bpr:lf) jl)
kcrc zL8anrlrr.isi 'cruuke:i, not itr.~ighr' (quotr:.);
?gir c . i . ~ . p .e,i p . in Ar. ~ l n dPr. dicrs. tr;:!?-
a t i r l g ;.I!-;:arc :rric! s>llun!-!iious ;vorJ.; TT.7 I [
(2) ~ ( 7 '3 5 mu-ic.11 inh:riirnent'; in re. ~ u r r k in ,
$ 6 2 ;I f 1 2 ; ; ; I V 27% =\r. h(~rl;ri((quorr!r.); the Kiinri authL>r(NH.
not Ve!. here) qur,t<ci the ! a s vc;se to illustrtlts
igiir '3 he-:I*, e;p: of horse,, but o l i o of o t h c r the mc:~rbingrlrcz,: 'thlef'; tht: n o i d can have
~nir~r.i!s; thii :u-.Jr.:ng silrvives in so!lle rtiodcnl this n~et.~ph.n~cunicg, b u t not in this verse
;Inyl.!i.<.., h u t it rlrlr\- usu.rI!y r11e;inb (of n n Sm. 1oc)r. 1 : 9 w . l ~ X. I V egri ' c r ~ o k e d di5- ,
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 D I S . V.
rejoiced and were glad' T T 11 8. 60: Uyg. in S W s x Anat. Bgiirt- 'to trick', etc. S D D
V I I I ff. hlan.-A o g l r m e k s e v l n m e k bolzun 1105. Xak. xr oi agn:r bC$ik iigrlttl: 'he
M 128. 13: hIan. Wind. 249, 9 (eded-): Bud. gave him tlie task of rocking (tolrrik) the
Bglr- by itself Suer. 152, 5 ; Pfahl. .23, I I and child's cradle' Kaj. I 261 (iigritur, Ilgrlt-
22; oglr- sevln- P P 53, 2; Suv. 151. 1 9 ; me:k).
I 53, 5 ; Iiiien-ts. 226.
D egril- Pass. f. of e g i r - ; 'to be besieged,
?L) *ogre:- not itself noted, but the base of etc.; to be spun'. Survives in NI; Khak. irll-:
ogret-. ogren-, ijgreyiik, etc.; morphologi- NC Klr., I<zx. lyrll- 'to he spun'. In SW Az.
cally Den. V. fr. ogiir but with no close seman- eyrll-; 'rkn,. egril- also mean 'to be spun',
tic connection, but see ogren-. hut in Osm. It Ilep. 'I'urkish egrll- is nornlally
translated ns 'to he belit', i.e. as syn. with
iigrl:- 'to rock (a cradle, or a child ill a cradlc, egil-. Xak. X I kend egrlldi: 'the town was
Acc.)' with some extended meanings. Survives be3ieged' (or invested, h~iiirat);and one says
only(?) in S W sx Anat. iigiir-liigrii- SUD y ~ pegrildi: 'the t h r e ~ d was spun' (gtizilat)
1429, 1707. Xak. xr ura:gut bd$ik iigri:dl: KOJ.I 2 4 8 (cgrliur, egri1nre:k).
'the woman rocked (harrakat) the cradle'; also
used f i man dassa'l-nrakr f i famalluq ma' D iigril- Hap. leg.; I'sss. f. of iigr1:-. Xak.
Bayihi 'of someone who plays a trick on XI bk:glk iigrlldi: 'the cradle was rocked'
someone by flattering him'; one says 01 anr: (htrrrika) Kaj. I 248 (iigrlliir, iigri1me:k).
iigr1:di: lrarraka malrdaliir ka'annnhn pabi 'he
rocked his cradle as if he was a child' Kaf. I D egrin- Hap. leg.; Refl. f. of egir-. Xak.
275 (iigrl:', iigri:me:k): K B avlnq birle xr ura:gut y ~ pegrindl: 'the woman spun
iigrir b u d u n y a skni 'this world lulls you (gazalat) thread for herself, or pretended to
with kindness' 5266: Gag. xv ff. iikri- (so spin it without actually doing so' Kag. I 253
spelt ?)cumbidan gahwcira rva am!al-idn 'to rock (egrlniir, egrinme:k).
a cradle, and the like' San. 79v. 5: Kip. xrv
iigri:- ('with -g-') 'to rock (harraka) a child's S igren- See yigren-.
cradle to stop it from crying' fd. 19: O s m . D o g r e n - Refl. f. of *ogre:-; normally 'to
xrv to xvr iigrii- 'to rock' in several texts T T S learn (something Acc.)', with some wider
I,741 ; I1 948 ; I V 800. meanings. In Uyg. the meaning seems to be
D egirt- Caus. f. of egir- ; 'to order to besiege; 'to be brought up', which has a vague semantic
to order to spin'. S.i.s.m.l.g., only in the latter connection with agiir. S.i.a.m.l.g. w. the same
meaning. Xak. X I 01 kiigke: yap egirtti: 'he phonetic changes as Bgret-. UyB. vrrr ff. Bud.
urged the maidservant to spin' ('alri'l-iaal); U 111 82 16 (og1a:gu:): Xak. xr 01 billg
also used if one orders the encirclenlent of a Sgrendl: 'he learnt (fa'nllan~n)knowledge and
castle (bi'l-tahdiq ip~awt!li:lir) in order to take it wisdom' (etc.); verse; nnd oqe says e r uzluh
Kap. III 428 (egirtii:~, eg1rtme:k): O s m . ogrendi: 'the man learnt a handicraft'
xrv to x v ~egirt- 'to invest, besiege (a castle)', (01-/~irfa)Kay. I 252 (agreniir, Bgrenme:k);
with no Caus. connotation, in several texts 0.0. 1 3 8 5 , 18 (bilig); II 140, 8: K R a y ~ t t l ~
T T S 1 2 5 4 ; 11362; 111238; I V 279. Bfjittl~y e m e ogrenif 'you have asked ques-
tions and heard (answers) learning thereby'
D 8 g r e t - Caus. f. of *ogre:-; 'to teach (some- 1187; a.0. 1680: xr~r(?)Tef. ogren- 'to learn'
one, Daf., something, Arc.)' S.i.a.m.1.g.; in 241: Gag. xv ff. orgen- (sic, 'with -g:')
some abbreviated to o:ret-, and the like; meta- 6gren- Vel. 101; orgen- (spelt) (I) ialim
thesized to orget- in SE Tiirki and Orgat- giriftan 'to receive instruction'; (2) 'ddat
in SC Uzb. Xak. XI 01 maga: bilig iigretti: kardan 'to become accustomed to (something)'
'allamani'l-adab wa'l-hikma 'tie taught me San. 69r. 13: Xwar. xrv ogren- 'to learn'
culture and wisdom' (etc.) Ihy. I 261 (ogre- Q11rb 121; MN 359: KIP. xr11 ta'allama
tii:r, 0gretme:k): K B kicig e r k e n o g r e t yowren- (sic, ?error for 6wren-), also
ogulka bilig 'teach a boy wisdom when he (?Tkrn.)o g r e n - Holr. 39, I : xtv o:ren- (sic
is sniall' 1493; 8.0. 1494: xu'(?) At. ogiit under alifrri', but ?error for &wren-)fa'a/larda
o g r e t u r 'he conveys advice' 45; Tef. ogret- Id. 12; Sgren- ('with -8-') ta'allama ditto 19;
'to teach' 241 : Gag. xv ff, orget- (aic) Caus. f. ; fa'nllama ogren- Bul. 36v.: xv ta'allnma
ta'lirn dlidan rca 'ddat dcidan 'to teach, in- iigren- ('with -g-'; misvocalized exren-) Kav.
struct; to accustom (someone to something)' 77, 8 ; ta'allatna oren- (or liwren- ?) 7irh. pa.
San. 69v. 8 (quotns.): Kom. xrv 'to teach' 13; 'nlima wa 'arafa 'to know' (bil-;) a r e n -
ovret- CCI, C C G ; iiret- C C G ; GT. 185 (or o w r e n - ? ; tan1-) do. z5h. 10: Osrn.
(quotns.): Ktp. x r ~ r'allamn tnin m'limi'l-'ilm xv ff. bgren- (nomnlly 'to learn') noted in
ma ~ayrilri'to teach, in the sense of teaching several texts as nleaning 'to hecome accus-
knowledge, etc.' Gwret-; T k m . ogret- Hou. fomed to (something)' T T S II 745; UI 556;
42, 6: xtv egret- ('with -g-') 'allatno fd. 19: I V 620.
xv 'allama ogret- Kav. 78, 9: O s m . xrv
iigret- 'to accustom (sorneorie to something)' D Bgriin- Refl. f. of Bglr-; survives in NE
in one text T T S I V 620 (rneuning 'to teach' Klz., Koib., Sag. iirln- R I 1834, Khak.
c.i.a.p). orin- Bas. 136, 256. Uyg. V I I I ff. Rud. 681-
riinde[qi] (;ic) e r k l i g [gap] 'the joyful inde-
D iigslt- Caus. f. of iigr1:-. Survives only(?) .
pendent. . U II 63, s (i).
D egrirj- Co-op., etc. f. of egir-. N.o.a.h. 'four kinds of better and superior teachings'
Xak. X I ol begke: kend egrlgti: 'he helped Suw. 148, 20-1; 0.0. U 11154,10(UII23.23);
the b ~ gto besiege the stronghold' ('015 USp. 43, 2-3; Sue. 2 2 , 10.
muhdfarati'l-/tiin); and one says klz ana:sl:
birle: y ~ egrigti:
p 'the girl competed with her V U D iigriige:n Hap. leg.; the only vowel sign
mother in spinning'(fi.&xzl); also used if she is a damma over either the kdf or the rd'; if so
helps her Kaj. I 2 3 6 (egrigii:r, e$rigme:k); spelt perhaps a N./A. fr. iigri:-. Xak. X I
ktikgln bullt Briigdi: k a y g u k bolup egri- iigriige:n 'a plant of which the seeds are eaten
gii:r 'the grey clouds have risen (na~a'at)and by the Turkmaniya Karluk' Kaj. I158.
sway about in the air (famid 'alri'l-hawd') as D Bgiirltig P.N./A.fr. cigiir; 'owning a flock
a hoat sways ahout in the water' I 186, 1 2 : or herd'. S.i.s.m.l. Xak. X I agiirliig e r 'a
Gag. xvff. ekerig- (sic?, spelt) Co-op. f.; man who owns flocks (qafi*) of sheep (etc.)';
briham gardidan 'to revolve together' Son. and a stallion with mares ($C ramak) is called
108r. 8 (quotn.). , / 5gurliig adgrr Kay. 1152.
D Ugrlg- Hap. leg.; Co-op. f. of iigri:-. Xak. D(S) iigiirliig Hap. leg.; P.N./A. fr. iigtir
xr 01 a g a r b6:gik tigrirjti: 'he helped him to (iiyiir). Xak. X I (after iigurliik) 'and the
rock (fi tahrik) the cradle' Kaj. 1 236 (iigri- owner of (millet) is called iigiirliig with -9'
gu:r, Ugrigme:k).
Kaj. I 152.'
T r i s . EGR D(S) iigiirliik A.N. (Conc. N.) fr. UgUr
(iiyiir). Xak. XI iigiirliik 'a place where mil-
D ikirqgii: 'doubt, indecision', and the like; let (01-duxn) is grown' Kay. I 152.
no doubt ultimately derived fr. i k i (Qkki:)
and morphologically a Dev. N./A. in -gti:, but D egrilik A.N. fr egrl:; 'crookedness', both
there is no parallel for a Den. V. suffix - r p . physical and moral. S.i.s.m.1. Xak. XI KB
Survives only(?) in SW Osm. igerqinligercin k a n i bard1 keldi neqe egrilik 'honesty has
(in xx Anat ikirciklikircin SDIJ 784). gone and all sorts of crookedness have come'
Tiirkii vrrr ff. Man. ikirqgii kogul 'an un- 6475: XIII(?) A't. (put on the garment of
decided mind' M 11121, 3 (iii): Uyg. vrrr ff. righteousness) egrilik kodup 'laying aside
Man. T T 111 I 17 (uvrja:k): Bud. Sanskrit crookedness' 167: Gag. xv bgrilik 'crooked-
vicikitsd 'doubt' i:kir$gii T T VIII ~4.13; ness, not being straight' Sun. ro9r. 7.
ikirqgii sbzikllg b o l u r 'becomes doubtful
(Hend.)' Suo. 290, 17; in U I , p. 57 ikirqgii V U D \griimiik Dev. N. (Conc. N.) fr.
1s glven, without refce., as the translation iigri:- ; something which is rocked'. Survives
of Chinese i 'doubt' (Giles 5,423): Xak. xr pnly(?) in SW xx Anat. ogriirniik/tigriimiik
ikirqgii:n r:g amr mutaraddad bayn an yuf'al a wooden handle on a cradle to rock it" SDD
wa bayn an yttfrak 'a matter open to doubt I 103, 1429. O g u z XI (after t e g f r m e k 'camel
whether it should be done or left alone'; one litter') and the OHuz call it UgIirmek (sic)
says kBgliim ikirqgii:n bold^: 'my mind was Kag; I 507, 3#: Klp. xrv iigriimiik ('with
undecided (taraddada) whether to do it or -g- ) al-mahd cradle', also called beglk; the
leave it alone' Kaj. I11 419. difference is that begik is a child's bed made
of wood or iron, while iigriimtik is a mbre
PUC egri: teve: N.0.a.b.; obviously some general term for anything in which a baby is
kind of precious object. The word has hitherto rocked (yuharrak), either a bed or anything
been resd with final -1: but certainly on two else; also used for 'see-saw' (arctihatu'l-&ir)
occasions and proh. the third it is -e:. Thomsen Id. 19.
discussed it in Tttrcica (MSFO XXXVII), pp.
68-9, and was inclined to think it meant some D ogrunqliig P.N./A. fr. ogrilnq, surviving
kind of textile or perhaps horse-furnishings, only in the same languages; 'joyful'. Some-
but the simplest course is to read it as two times spelt ogriinqiiliig. T u r k i i vrrr ff.
words egri: teve: and translate it 'humped (when he goes home he is famous and)
camels'. Tiirkil vrrr (because I led the Turku 6griinqii:lii:g 'joyful' I r k B 55: Man. ertigil
people to various named places in the \*est ogrilnqiiliig b o l t u m u z 'we became very joy-
they brought unlimited yellow gold, white ful' T T I1 8, 54: Uyg. vrrr ff. Man.-A (may
s~lver,girls, women) egri: teve: a&: 'humped we become for ever) aevinqlig agriinqliig
camcls and brocade (or treasure?)' T 48: 0. 'happy and joyful' M I 1 1 , 19-20; a.0. do. 7-8:
Kir. IX ff. (I went to the Chinese Emperor in Man. Bgrinqligin e r e l i m 'may we be joyful'
my twentieth year, and because of my manly M 11'10, 7-8: Bud. ogr8nql8g T T VIIIA.6;
qualities and bravery I acquired gold, silver) a.0. PP 46, 5; Bgriinqliig sevinqHg Suv. 15,
egri: teve: 61de: kfgi: 'humped camels and 8 ; 530, 7 ; Bgriinqiiliig sevinqlig U III 10,
people for my realm' Mal. I I, 9; elde: kigi:m 7: Civ. Bgrunqliig T T 1 1 2 , 73, 142; 6griin-
e g r l tevbm (sic?) t a r t butlrR(?) y ~ l k x m qiiliig sevinqlig T T VII 14, I 2 etc.
'people in my realm, my humped camels, my
four (-legged?) livestock' do. 46, 3. D *6kkirer 'two each'. N.0.a.b. ?he later
form ikiger, first noted in Xwar. xrrr, Cag.
D (igretig N.Ac. fr. 6gret-; 'teaching'. xv ff., and Kip. xv, s.i.s.m.l.g. Uyg. VIII ff.
S.i c m.1.g. w. phonetic changes. Uyg. vrrr ff. Bud. tart od icinte y a n a i k i r e r tid a d r i l u r
Budd. M r t torliig y6g ustunkt tigretigler 'in each of the four seasons again two periods
 TKIS. EGR
arc distlnguished' TT VI 325; I k i r e r i k i r e r and desirctl t11 bcsicge thc stronchr)ld'
a y l a r r g 'periods of two rnonthq each' Strv. (yu!rdfirn'l-/zifn) KO$.I302 (egtrse:r, eglrse:-
589, 16: Civ. i k i r e r b a k r r 'two p e n n y e i g h t s me:k).
each' If I 9 ; 0.0. in II 11: C a g . xv ff. i k i r e r
(spelt) dri tii 'two portions (each)' San. 109r. Dis. EGS
23 (quotn.); i k i ~ e dti
r tii do. 26. L) e g s i i k Intrans. N./A. S. fr. egsii- ; 'deficient,
defective; deficiency, defect', n t ~ dthe like. T h e
I) Bgreyuk IIap. leg.; Ilev. N. fr. *ogre:-. exact orininn1 pronuncintion is now fixed by
For the mean in^ cf. CaR. and later meanings the amendrd 0. Klr. text, hut it is likely that
of Bgret-, o g r e n - . Xnk. X I iigreyiik al- the -g- \\-as devcriccd hy the foll<~wing -s- at
-'iicln 'habit, custoni' Koy. I I 59 (verse). a fairly earlv perird. S.i.s.m.1.g. irsunlly as
e k s i k arid thc like. 'L'iirkii V I I I ft Man. neqe
T r i s . V. EGH- e g s i i g k e r g c k bolt1 e r s e r 'wliatevrr may
II) e g r e t i n - I<ell. f, of o g r e t - ; 'to teach
have been deficient or stinted' Cltrtas. 289-90:
0 . Ktr. IS ff. e r erdem[im]de: e g s i i k l m
oneself (Acc., something Loc.)'. N.0.a.h. y o k 'there \\.as no dcficiency in nly manly
Uy& V I I I ff. Dud. Sanskrit iiks~jlrrrrjoyso'the qualities' Mal. 44, 6 (re-edited by Slicherl>ak
praise of teaching'(?) ogre:tinme:k a s i g l t g in Nnrody A z i i i Afriki, tqhq, 4, p. 141): X a k .
(or -Ilk?) T T VIII A.47; k o p t a r l u g edgii- XI e g s i i k (or eksiik?) 'defective' (01-nn'pis) of
liik iqlerde e t o z i i m i n i i g t e t i n i i r m e n 'I am anything; hence one says e g s i i k y a r m a : k 'n
teaching myself (or accustoming myself to?) defective coin' Kay. I 105: X I I I ( ? )Tef. eksiik
all kinds of acts of goodness' LISp. roo, 3-4: 'deficient; a shortfall' (opposite to a r t u k 'an
e d g u toriilerde b ~ g r u n m a d l n o g r e t i n - excess') 72: xrv RDg. o k s i i k 'deficient' R I
m e d i n 'without assiinilating or teaching r 189 (quutrl.; sic even in U.M. MS.); M ~ r h .
myself (or accuston~inprnysclf to?) good rules 01-naqifa 'dcficiency' (opposite to at-zi'n'da
(of life)' SNV. 136, 18-19; 0.0. TT V 20, 8 ; 'excess' a r t u k ) eksiik (?oksiik nlif not
s11v. 22, 12. vocalized) Mel. 54, 16; Rif. 115; a/-nupi!
L) ogiirlen- Rcfl. Dcn. V. fr. o g u r ; 'to live e k s i i k ( ? ) 82, 15 (Hif. 188 ag1a:k): F a g .
in a herd'. Survives only in NE o:rlen- xv ff. o k s i i k ('with - k - , -k') eksik Vel. I I I
Khak.; 'ruv. R I I233 (Pal. 322 6:rle-). X a k . (quotn.); iiksiik kam rca ondak 'deficient,
X I y u n d ogiirlendi: siirati'l-xayl dn't fahl small' Son. 79v. 23 (quotn.): X w a r . xlv
rn'iln(n) 'the horses lived in a herd with a e k s i i k 'imperfect, faulty', etc. Qrrtb 20; Nahc.
stallion'; also used of sny animals when they 38, 10, etc.: Klp. X I I I ol-rrdqif (opposite to al-
are in Rocks (!dm quffin) Koy. I 292 (ogiir- -zfi'id n r t u k ) eksii:k Ifotr. 28, 4: X I V eksiik
Ieniir, 6giirlenme:k). ('with - k - ) 01-nn'qi! Id. 18: sv rrtiqir e k s l k
Trrh. ghh. 7, ctc.
1) e g r i m l e n - Ilap. ley.; Itefl. I k n . V. fr.
egrirn. Xak. XI su:v e g r i m l e n d i : t t a - D i g s i z Priv. N./A. fr. 1 k g ; 'free from
ii(iirn'l-mri' fi'l-nmrrrjqi' mo' farcarrin run cury disease'. N.0.a.b. llyfi. vllr ff. Man.-A M I
'the water revolved In the .;\vamp with n swirl- 28. 27 (apastz): Bud. i g s l z n ~ t r g s ~'free
z
ing eddying motion' K o ~ .I 3 14 ( e g r l m l e n u r , from disense and pain' Sttr!. 191, 23 ff.; tgSlZ
egrim1enme:k). k e m s i z 'frec from disease' do. 20, 19.

L) Bgrunqlen- Iiap. leg.?; Rcfl. Dcn. V. fr. D o:gsiiz Prelin~inarynote. 7'he Priv. N.1A.s
ogriinq. T i i r k i i V I I I ff. Man. iitrii b i r of 1 and 2 o:g are Iromophonous, and it is not
6kintike savlaglp egtriiqiip ogriinqlilendi always easy to determine cuhich is nrcant; men
'then they enjoyed themselves talking to one Ka$. seems to have confusetl tlzetn, byit 1 6 : P ~ i i ~
another and making one another listen' TP' II is the comrnoner tuord.
8, 55-6.
D 1 ogsiiz (o:gsuz) Priv. N./A. fr. 1 k g ;
D ogriintlur- Caus. f. of o g r i i n - , surviving 'mothcrless', the nonnal word for 'orphan',
only in the snnlc languages; 'to make (someone slnce 'fatherless' is seldom used; hence more
Arc.) rcjoicc'. Uyg. V I I I ff Bud. s e k i z o t u z
generally, 'helpless, destitute', e.g. in NE of
y u l t u z l a r k u v r a g l n iigiriindiirdeqi (sic?)
a widow. S.i.n.ni.l.p. except SE(?), usually
'who makes the twenty-eight groups of stars with -g- devoiced. T i i r k i i V I I I (Kiil Tepin)
(i.c. the lunar mansions) rejoice' U 11 58, ogsiiz akr:n b i n i p 'ridinp his white horse
4-5 (iii). (called) C)gsiiz' I N 9 (prohnbly 'orphan', since
PUI) 1 egirse:- Hap. leg.; Desid. Den. V. fr. a horse would hardly he called 'witless'):
e g i r . X a k . XI e r egirse:di: 'the man wanted V I I I ff. Yen. (I was left fatherless at the age of
yalingalc to treat liiniself with it' (01-wa~c five, and at the age of 19) og'sii:~ bolu:p
li-yrrtot/firuii hilri) Koi. 1 302 (egirse:r, 'became motherless' Mol. 45, 2: U y g . V I I I fE
egirse:me:k). Bud. ogsiiz o g i k a g s ~ zk a g ~s i z b o l t u ~ u z
'you became the mother of the motherless and
D 2 egirse:- Ilap. Icg.: Desid. f, of e g i r - ; the father of the fatherless' PP 77, 6: X a k . xr
included in same para. as 1 egirse:-. X a k . ogsiiz a/-yatim 'orphan' . . . Kay. I y6 (and
XI ura:gut y t p egirse:di: 'the wonian deter- see 2 ogsiiz): KIP. X I I I a/-yatim 6ksii:s Hou.
mined and desired to spin' (iaszil); and one 32, 7: xv ditto oksiiz Trrh. 393. 7: O s r n . xvrrl
says b e g kentl egirse:di: 'the beg determined okslz (spelt) in Rtinri, an expression for a child
 8 . EGS
that i$ an vrpl~an(yotirrt) with neither father 734, 826, 1193, 1340, zag!: xrIl(?) At. (every-
nor mother Son. 79v 24. thing that waxes wanes) tdkel ekslyiir 'what
is complete becomes deficicnt' 199: xrrl(?)
L) 2 ogsiiz (6:gsiiz) I'riv. N.,'A. fr. 2 4:g; Tef. eksii- 'to diminish, become lacking' 72:
witless, incapable of rational thou ht'. F a & r v ff. Bksii- (-p, etc.; 'with -k-')eksil-
N.o.a.b Tiirkii V I I I R Man. ~ g s i i zk61~iiLiiz Vel. I I I (quotns.); oksii- (and oksiil-) kam
bolt1 (sic, not krlti as in printed text) 'became judan 'to be deficient' Son. 79r. 7 (quotns.):
witless (Hend.)' Chrms. I 13-14; billgsiz X w a r . x ~ veksi- 'to diminish, (of prices) to
ngsiiz b o l t u k u m u z iiqiin 'because we hare fall' Qlrlh 20, Pksi- do. 49; Pgis- (sic, mptri
become ignorant and witlccs' do. 1 2 0 ; iigsiiz gralia) M N 19: O s m . s ~ v H. eksi- c.i.a.p.;
bolup M I 6, 16: Ilyg. vrlr ff. Man.-A b u in the earlier period down to xvrl-xvrrr usually
Bgsiiz etiizde t u g d l l a r 'they were born in Trans. 'to reduce, curtail', hut also used as
this irrational body' M I 9 , 2: Man. iigsiiz Intrans. T T S I 257; I1 366; 111241 ; I V 284.
kogiilniiz e r t i l e r T T I11 30: Bud. (the
demon Hidimba in his fi~ryyS$siizt e g bolt1 1) ogse:- Ilap. leg.; Ilesid. f. of 1 4:g-. Xak.
'became like a madman' U II 25, 25; 0.0. U XI 01 meni: 0gse:di: 'he determined to praise
I11 76, 13; CJ I V 40, 171 (tal-): Civ. (just as me' (j'onido/lani) Kay. I 277 (iigse:r, agSe:-
madness, epilepsy, nnd demoniac seizure(?)) rne:k).
ktigillilg saqip k o d u r Kgsiiz krlur 'dis-
order the intellect and rnake (a man) lunatic' 11 iikse:- IIap. leg.; 1)csid. f. of iik-. Xak. X I
H 1122, 27; (if the right eyebrow twitches he 01 topra:k iikse:di: 'he determined to heap up
will be) Sgsiiz 'witless' (and if the left twitches (tokrcirn) earth'(grain, etc.) Kaf. I 2 7 8 (iikse:r,
he will be ~ U S U ( ~ ) S U 'free
Z from anxiety') iikse:me:k).
T T VIZ 34, 1 1 : Xak. xr cigsiiz . . . wa'l-
-!tayrtin 'confused, perplcxed', originally 1) egsiit- Caus. f. of egsii:-; 'to diminish,
ii:gsiiz, derived from ii:g al-'aql rua'l-fitnn curtail, rcduck (something Ace.)'. S.i.s.m.1.
'intelligence, mind' Knj. I 9 6 : ICB (at the sight Uye. V I I I ff. Bud. U II IS, 12-13 (udug):
of death. . .) ukuvlug 6 g i yitti 6gsiiz bolup Civ. edgii k ~ l l n qy a r a t l n m a k l n egsiitme
'the understanding man's mind wanders and 'do not diminish the performance of good
he becomes witless' 1178; (the words of the deeds' T T I 212-13; kalanllg ybrni m e
wise are) ogsiiz kozi 'the eyes of the witless' bizke egsiitmedin 'and without curtailing
1246: XIII(?)Trf. ogsiz/ogsiiz 'witless, un- our land subject to land tax' US?. 77, 1 2 :
conscirrus' 242: xrv Mtrh. al-ablnh 'brainless, (Xak.) X I I I fi. T P ~eksiit-
. 'to reduce' 73:
stupid' (opposite to nl-doki 'sagacious' tP:tfk) X I V A4trlz. anqnfo 'to reduce, curtail' eksii:t-
6:gsizMrl. 54, 12; Rif. 151. Mel. 23, 8 ; Rif. 104: Gag. xvff. 6ksiit-
Caus. f . ; ham knrdatt 'to reduce, diminish'
Ills. V. EGS- Son. 79'. 29 (quotns.): X w a r . X I V eksit- 'to
reduce' Qutb 20: K o m . xrv 'to reduce, curtail'
D egse:- 1Iap. leg.; Desid. f. of eg-. Xak. eksit- CCI, CCG; Gr.
xr m e n b u t ~ kegse:dim 'I determined and
desired to hend (inzrila) the branch' Kay. I 2 7 7 D eksil- (egsiil-) Pass. f. of egsii:- and
(egse:r, egse:me:k). synonymous with it; morpholo~icallyirregular,
since egsii:- is Intrans. S.i.s.m.l. in NW and
egsii:- 'to be, or becomc, defective, deficient, SW. T h e Xak. form is even more irregular.
lacking', and the like; for the spelling see See (E) lsilgii. Xak. xr eysildi: (so ,<pelt in
egsiik. Survives in S E l'iirki iigsii- Jarring: MS.) ne:g naqosa'l-pay' 'the thing was de-
N C Klr. oksii-; S W Osm. eksi-, the latter ficient, or defective' Kay. I 270 (eysiliir,
now obsolete and displaced by eksil-. eysiime:k): (KB in 826 the Vienna RIS. has
Tiirkii V I I T ff. Man. ne$e egsiitiimiiz 6ksiilmedi for eksiimedi): (xlrl(?) At. in
k e r g e t i m i z e r s e r 'if we have been deficient 199 one MS. has eksiliir for eksiyur): xrv
or have stinted' Chuas. 202-3; 332-3: Uyg. Muh. naqasa eksi:l- ikfel. 32, I ; Rif. I 16 (en-
vlrl ff. Bud. a d a t u d a k o r ya:s e g s i i m e : ~ tered twice, once niis-spelt): Gag. xv ff. 6ksiil-
'danger (Hend.) damage and loss do not (-ur) eksil- VrI. r r r ; Son, 79r. 7 (egsii:-):
diminish' T T V I I l 0.7 ( V I 63); a.0. V I 205: X w a r . xrrr eksilmeyin 'without diminution'.
Civ. aslglg ayaglg egsiidi 'your advanta~e 'Ali 38: xlv eksil- Qutb 20: KIP. xrv eksil-
and honour have diminished, become lacking' ('with -k-')noqasa fd. 18; Bul. 83v: xv ditto
T T I 58-9: Xak. xr egsii:di: (?eksii:di:) Trrh. 37a 9.
ne:g noqara'l-yay' 'the thing has become
deficient' Kag I 278 (egsii:~, egsii:me:k);
kuzda: ka:r egsil:me:s 'snow is not lacking T r i s . EGS
(IAo.rlri) on the northern slope of a mountain' D egsiikllig P.N./A.fr. egsiik; 'imperfect',
(or fat on a sheep) I 326, 3: KB eksii- (con- usually in a morat sense. Survives only(?) in
sistently spelt Sksii- in the Vienna MS.) is SW. Later forms of the corresponding A.N.
common, e.g. (of the stars) k a y u s l y a r u k r a k egsiikliik 'deficiency, lack', normally 'moral
k a y u eksiidl 'some get brighter and some deficiency' survive also in NW from Kom.
wane' 130; biliglig kiginig s a w e k s i i m ~ z nlv eksiklik 'moral defect' C C G ; GI., on-
ak1g11 siizUk yul s u m eksiimez 'the words wards as well as in Osm. from the same date.
of a wise man are never lacking, and the water Ttirkii V I I I ff. Man. egsilkliig yazuklug biz
of a running clear spring never fails' 973; 0.0. 'we are imperfect and sinful' Chuas. 308: Osm.
 . EGS
xlv ff. e k s i k l i c.i.a.p., nearly always in a moral of words with hvo short vowels) ne:g a[-kijir
sense T T S I 257; I1 369; III 240; I V 284. ntin kirll gay' 'many', of any thin^ K a j . I 62
(prov.); nine u.o. of Ukiig, one of iikii:q: K B
D egsilksiiz Priv. N./A. fr. e g s i i k ; 'complete, (if a man has understanding) as& UkUg 'he
in full, without defect o r deficiency'. Survives has many advantages' 160; 0.0. 44, 1034,
only in SW. UyR. vr11 ff. Bud. elgsiikstlz 11 12, etc.: M I ( ? ) K R V P Ukiig ' i b r a t a l g l l
a l t l [gap] U III 13, 3 ( ~ i (the) reference is to 'accept man). warnings' 76: xrlr(?) K B P P
6,000 priiicesscs, and the word nliaht mean (Laud, honour, and) iikiig ilgtii 'many
either 'uithout any absentees' o r 'faultless'); praiscs' (to God) t : At. ukiig is common:
n.o. Srrr.. 429, 6 (yivit-): Civ. bBz egsiiksiiz T r f . EkUg 'mnny; niuch' (opposite to a 2
tiikel s a n a p b e r d i m 'I have checked and 'little') 338: xrv Rhg. ' i l m i iikiig 'his know-
handed over the cloth in full and ~vlthout ledye is grcat' R 11812: Mrrh. 01-holir yiikiig
deficiency' USp. 56, I I ; similar phr. do. 107, Mrl. 55, 1 3 ; i i k i i ~ , Rif. 153: G a g . xv ff.
8; 108, 8 : O s m . xv e k s i s i z v e r i r i n ' I will ilkiig bi-padd 'uniiniitrd' Vrl. I I I ; tigiig (so
give in full' T T S I 257 (under rksi). sprlt) bisyzr rcn fordfmn 'numerous, abun-
dant' Son. 8or. 3: X u r a r . xrrr iikiig 'many'
T r i s . V. EGS- 'Ali 5 1 : xrv ditto Qrrtb 122; MN yo, ctc.;
I) ogsire:- I'riv. Drn. V. fr. 2 o:g N n.a h. Nohc. 24, 17 (yada:Ei); 232, I etc.: KIP.
U y g . vrrl ff. Bud. (thc klng descended from a/-ko!ir (kijp and) I k d g Ilott. 25, 13: X I V
the throne) o g s i r e d i t a l d l 'became un- iikiig ('xiith -k-') al-kalir fd. 18; a.0. do. 78
conscious and fainted' PP 61, 6 ; 0.0 Sun. ( k o p ) : O s m . xrv ff. iikiig 'numerous, abun-
619. 18 ( k a m l l - ) ; 6 2 j , 12-13. dant', common but only down to xvl T T S ' I
561; I1 746; 111 557; I V 621 (ii~ii$every-
Dis. EG$ ivhere); yiikiiv is noted in one o r two srv and
s v texts and is mentioned in Son. Ror. 5 a s the
D dgi:g Hap. leg.; Conc. N. fr. Cge:-. Xak.
xr dgi:$ (olif unvocalized in MS.) srrhdla krrll Rrimi spelling.
md pnddh nrina'l-carcdhir 'filing:, nf any kind D e k g i g N./A.S. 111 -g fr. ek$i:-; 'sr~ur,acid,
of smelted metal' KO?. I 122. tart', as opposcd to I a q l g 'hitter'. Survives
PUD Igi:$ N.1A.S. fr. i$e:-. In addition there onl!- in S\\' Ostn. ekg1; displaced e l s c w h c ~ . ~
by 1 ~ $ 1 8r1r I.-W.S. X a k . xr e k g i g hrrll $ny'
are forms with rounded vo\vcls which seem to mirzz 'anything sour, acid', for example an
be coniplrtely synonymous h u t are hard to acid pomegranate Kog. I tog; xrv Mrrh.
explain morphologically. In K o b such a form !mtni? 'sour' (opposite to !rrrlw 'swret' Siiqiig)
with two long volvels is included, irregularly, a c r g l a c ~hut in nnc or two RISS. ekgi: Me/.
in a section containing dissyllables with two 54, 8; 66, I ; Rif. 151, 165; of-I~irrif'pungent'
short vowels. Survives in N C Klr egeg ekgi: N i f . 165 (only): G a g . xv ff. ekgi (spelt)
'quarrel, dispute'; Kzx. C ~ C Sditto. R I 697
(MM notes only the cognate Kecip. V. Pges-) trrr? 'sour, acid', in Ar. trdinid Son. 4 5 ~ .14:
T k m . xrrr al-!tarnid (parallel to 'bitter' aql:,
and S W xx Anat. o g e g 01- 'to he at enmity' and opposite to 'sweet' Siiqu:, ta:tlu:) ek$i:
SDD I 102. X a k . xr igi:g a/-hartin mina'l- Horr. 27, 12 : KIP. xv [~dnride k g i Tttlt. I3a. I I ;
.-hnyarudk 'an unruly, uncontrollable -animal' rd'ili 'curdled, clotted' 6kqi (sic) do. 16h. t o ;
KO?. 1 122; (after iikiig, also irregularly spelt 6k$i is. also included in the equivalents of
ii:kii:g) and krtll Irarrin nrina'/-!mjtarcdrr is called Inban 'rr~ilk'do. 31hr 10.
(PU) 6:gii:g yllkl: I 62: O s m . xvrrr (VU)
oyiig, in RBmi, lncric rcn xira 'quarrelsome,
ohstinate' Son. 92v. 27. Dis. 1
'. EGS-
D 6geg- Co-op. f. of ege:-: Survivrs ill N E
D iikiig N.1A.S. fr. iik-, q.v. Very common Khek. i g e s - 'to help to filc, nr to saw (wnod)';
in the early period hut surviving only(?) in N C I<lr. egc$- 'to I)c liled'. X a k . xr 01 m n g a :
S\V ss Anat. iigug 'many' SDD 1105 t e m i i r Qgegdl: 'hc helped m e to file (fi sa!tl)
T i i r k u ~ 1 1 1 iikii:$ T i i r k u b o d u n iiltig the iron'(etc.) Kag. 1187(6gegii:r, 6gegme:k).
'many of you Turkii people died' I S 6. I1 N
5 ; nine 0.0. in I , II, T,Ongin 7 spelt iikiigl D egig- Co-op. f. of e g - . Survives only(?) in
Ukii:$: vrrr ff. I r k R 36 (uqru:glu:g): Man. NE Alt., 'l'el. I:$- 'to bend (Trans.)' R I I ~ S O ;
u k u g tlnllgrg 'many mortals' Chims. 110: Bar. igis- 'to bend d o h (Intrans.); huddle
U y e . vrrl ukiigi: 'many of them' $u. E 4: up' do. 1432: SE Tiirki egig- 'to bow'
vrrl ff. Man.-A iikiis (sic) M I I I , 17 and I ; Jarring 42. Xak. 01 m n g a : qoge:n egigdi:
iikiig do. 7.5, I I : hlan. tikiig t e l i m t l n l i g l a r 'he helped me to bend(fi 'a!/) thepolo-stick';
'very many mortals' T T III 21 : t e l l m ukiig also used for competing Kog: I 187 (egi$ii:r,
t t n l l g l a r do. 145; e d g i i k r l ~ n q Iikiigrek egi$me:k): Gag. xv E it is likely that this
k r l m a d i m 'I have too often failed t o d o good verb existed in Gag. as Pgig- 'to h e huddled
deeds' M III 31, I (ii): Bud. iiktig is s o spelt up'; P. de C. 142 lists it with this form and
five times in TT V I I I ; it is common both by meaning, quoting Bnbrtr (fol. ~yqv:, 11. 6-7 ,of
itself and in the Hends. t e l i m ilkiigliikiig the Gibb Trust facsimile) (the snow felt s o
t e l i m , eriig iikiig, sans12 ukiig, Ulgllsiiz boisterously till bedtime) k i m egigip o l t u r u p
Ukiig: Civ. (if the eye) iikiig t e l i m y a g a k s a r i d i m 'that I just sat huddled up'. Son. r r7r.
'waters profusely' H I 65; many 0.0. in H I I , 29, using the same quotn. as evidence, listed
TT I: S8k, XI ii:kfi:v (sic, irregr~larin section the word as ID^$-, immediately after lgra'-/
 DIS.
hanks of \vhicli the nomads (nhlrr'l-r~,nhnr) 1 a:I 'dcvic:~, nietlir~d of ~ l n i n gs o m c t h i n ~ ' ;
among them settle. hlany rivers in the T u r - oripinally q r ~ i t cncutral and used for honour-
kish lands (diyir) are called hy this name; and able as \vrll as dishr)noi~rahlc (levices and
the town Iki: 0:gii:z ( r i r ) is caller1 after it methods; later it l ~ c c a n ~pr-jorativr e only and
hecause it is situatcd hctaseen the rivers 113 meant sprcifically 'deceit, guile, dirty t~ick'.
and Y a f i n ~Knf. I 50; 1 438 (ta4fiu:n) and I n the early period usually used in tlie Ilend.
about l o o.n.. occasionally spelt iigii:z: K H a 1 qevi$ or a1 altafi. 13ccanie a I.-w. in I'c,.;
o g i i z l e r k e g e r 'he crosses rivers' 1735; siirvivrs only(?) in S\V Osm. n l ; 'I'k~n. a:l.
n e g i i tPr egltgil n y b i l g i 8g.11~ 'heal- \\.hat the s l x Osni. I r ~ i c o ~ r a p l i rrr ~s ~ a r d r ict l:Is fnrrirn,
nian says ~vhosckno\\ledpc is as (wide as) a Ilrtl. 170 r l e s c r i h ~ nit~ as I'e. and Sariii 47 as
river' 2243; 0.0. 3626, 4546: S I I I ( ? )7if. figiiz a corruption of Ar. lrilo, 'better not used'. See
'river' 335: X\var. X I I I ( ? )k i i p n ~ i i r e n l e r Uofrfcr 11 5 16. 'I'iirkii V I I I ff. y 6 g n:l~/!
kiip i i i i i z l c r h n r e r d i 'there were many b u l ~ ~ : $ g n l rtrt~a:ma:rlu:klar
: 'they did not
strmnla (Rlong. I.-\\..) and rivers' 0,<.20: K o r n . agree on finding a good device' 7'rg,ok III zv.
X I V 'ri\-cr' ogiiz (spelt ochrrs) (,'(,'I; Gr. 5-6 ( E T I ' 11 179): U y R V I I I ff. hlan. a l
altaj: u z a n r n a k l l k l g (or u z a n m a k l a r l g )
F o k u z (?iiknz) one of scvcral terms for t a g k a r ~ p'putting out the skilful usc of dc\'ices
bovines, hest translated 'ox', since it is more {Ilcnd.)' 7'7' 111 68; s a ~ l i cphr. I)ut u n t i i r u p
specific than u:d and s ~ g l rhut not quite so promoting' ilo. 122; a1 qeviq 111 44, 4 (i)
specific as b u k a : 'hull'. Recame an earl!- (daniagcd): nud. Sanskrit lrpdja a henelicially
I.-\\.. in Munc. as I~iikfr(Ijnenitch, p . 78)!iikrr expedient method' (of teaching, etc.) is trans-
Koru., p. 562) 'ox'. S.i.m.m.l.g., h u t usually lated by Chinese f f r n ~pirn (Gi1r.s 3,435 (9,187)
now meaninp 'castrated hull, bullock', see atid that phr. by a 1 q e v i ~K ~ m n .98, 99-
Shch~rbnh,p. 98. !\Inlost certn~nlyborroned 100, etc. (Cr I1 16, 22-3 and 24, etc.) and a1
from 'I'okharian ; Prof. \Vcrncr IVintcr has told n l t a g u z a n m a k SIIV. 363, 20-1; a 1 cevi$
m e that the snurce is more likely to he 'Tokha- a y u b k r g e y r n e n 'I mill dcscrihe :I neth hod'
rian A than Tnkharian 1%okso. T h e A form (of ensurinp that the birds d o not eat the fruit)
has survived only as o[gapJ in a niuch tlamagcd P P 75, r ; a g a r e p g i i k l l f i u l u k e m g i i r i i n d e k
test (Sleg and Sicrlinc :\ 45013. I ) hut can hc a1 nltaE: b a r 'there is a r c ~ n c d y( I l r n d ) nnd
r e ~ t o r e d f:~irly confidently a s okri.5, \\hich dcx-ice ( f i r n d . ) for rtinking him d o pond' 7'7'
~ r o u l dhave I~ccc,me iikezliikiiz in Standard II', 1-1, note A I r, 8 ; a1 a l t a g u n t i i r i i p 1J III
Turkish nncl o k e r in the I/r Ianyuaye from 85, I); 0.11. o f a l qevtg T T V I 20 (sec note),
\vhich the First I'eriod hfotiy. loari-xrords z h . ~and a1 altnfi 1J II 48. I S ; Strv. 9, 0 ; 37, 8 :
wrrc token. T i i r k u V I I I ff. (a m a n fastene~l) Civ. (the strcngtli of kings rrf old tir~ic\\.ill not
e k i : okii:ziifi 'two o w n ' (to one y k e ) I r k B h e benetirial and) s o g f u t s i b i l g e n i g a11 'the
25; a.0. do. 37: UyR. V I I I ff. Man.-11 M III methods of modern sages (Chinese I.-\\..) and
11, 9 (i) ( o p u n - ) : 0. K l r . 1s el(l)ig o k i i z i n wise men' (will not succeed) TT I 107; X I V
'fifty oxen' hlol. l o , g (duhious reading. text I : l t i ~ t . - l J ~ ~Dirt.
. 'trick' a1 a m a g I . i ~ r t i 128:
chaotic): X a k . X I o k i i z nl-lnrrr 'hull' Xng. I X a k . X I a:1 01-nmAr rcn'l-sndi'n 'trick, suhter-
59 (prov.); three 0.0. spelt o k i i : ~ : KB ud fugc'; a : h n a r s l a : n t u t a : r 'one can catch a
i n g e k okiiz 'cattle, co\vs, and omen' 5372: lion b y puilc' (bi'l-itilo; Frc o y u k ) Kny. I 81 ;
st\; Rb*. o k i i z 'ox' R l rzoo (quotn.); 11drrh. 0.0. I h 3 , 13 ( a l ) ; II 289, 22; 111412, 1 0 (the
01-lnrrr o k u z (v.1. 6kii:zlo:kii:z) 11frI. 71, 2 ; last twr, tlie sanie prov. rcprated): ICB biitiin
Rif. I 72; ill-!arcr 'the corlstellation Taurus' qtn t u r u r hiq a11 y o k u k u g 'rlnderstanding is
iikkiiz 79, 5 ; i i k u z 183: G a g . sv IT. o k i i z perfect truth, there is n o trick ahout it' 1863;
'nrcci?~~il-krir 'acerrt, husincss manager'(?) Son. c g a v n u y a g l k a k e r e k h i l n a l 'the first
80r. 2 (translation incxplicahle): K I P . X I I I n c c c ~ s i t yfor (dealing with) an etienly i? deceit
nl-!n~cr o k u z tJorc. 14, 18: s l v o k u z ('with and 2356: X I I I ( ? Trj.
) a1 'drccit, puilc'
-k-') 0 1 - m ~ ~ Id. . r 18; 01-!nrrrrr'l-myi 'a cas- 48; X I \ - RIPS. ditto R 1 349 (quotns.): c o g .
trated h11.11' o k u z (01-fnqt~rrr'l-mq~t'an entire xv ff. a t . . . (3) .vtrd'n 7cn nrokr Son. 49r. 13
hull' b u g a : ) Btrl. ,; 8 : xv 01-lancr o k i i z (also (quotn.): X w a r . xlv a l 'trick, device' Qtrth
bugs:) Ktrcl. 62, 2 ; Tt~h.I la. 2: O s r n . X V I I I 0 : K o ~ n xry . 'deceit' a1 C C C ; Gr.: K l p . s l v
likiiz $lizi in Hlirrri a plant cnllcd ~ d p fr m ~n a:l 01-lriln 111. 20: O s r n . srv ti. nl 'dccrit.
'ox-eye' in I'e. and 'n~t~rr'l-hnqnr in 11r. San. trickery': c.i.a.p. T T S 1 1 5 ; II 27; 111 12;
8or. 2. 11'13.
l'ris. V. EGZ 2 a:l 'scarlet'; a I.-a. in Rlong. (Korc. 71;
D iikiizlcn- Hap. leg.; Refl. Den. V. fr. Hnltod 16) for the colour of the (Chinese)
iikiiz. X a k . X I e r okiizlcndi: 'the man scarlet ink with which the rulers sealed docu-
owned a hull' (!nrrr) !<of. I 2 9 3 ( o k u z l e n t i r , ments; also borroaed in Russian as n l ~ i same ,
iikuzlenme:k). meaning. S.i.s.m.1.; in SW Tlirn. a:l. Cf.
k l z ~ l . See Docrfcr, I 1 517. T i i r k i l V I I I ff.
Man. a 1 [gap] k e d i p putting on a scarlet
(rohe)' TT 11 8, 67-8: UyR. ~ I I ff. I Dud. (of
a l Preliminary note. Thrrr rcrrr crrfabrly two a planet) a l s a n g 'reddy yellow' T T 1J11 15,
ancient rc-ords spelt a:l. I t is dorrhtful rchether 5 ; a.0. SIIP.. 28, 1 5 : Civ. USp. 79, 2 (yk:rlig):
there rcns a third, prohnhly a1 if gmrrttre; see & I V Chin.-Liyg. Uict. lrrrn~'Chinese red' (Giles
belora. 5,270) a1 I 349; I.igcti 128: X n k . X I a:1 dibnc
 ndranciyu'l-larun 'orange colourrd Ijrocade' 1-5 (ii): Civ. TT I 129-3u is read b e g
from which the standards of kings are made t a m g a s 1 elgigde o r n a g l r g o r u n a n l g d a
and with which the saddlcs of their female 'a bpg'ssenl iz in your hand, and a firm s e a t . . .';
relatives (or favourites? tnirqormhn'f) are the last word is meaningless and the editors
covered ; and 01-lnmnu'l-nrironci 'orange colour' suggest an emendment to a l l g d a : (Xak.)
is also a:l Kay. I H I ; a.o. I I I 162 (quvit): K B X I I I ( ? )IlbJ (do not punish me) b u k a f l r l a r
b u h i l a bile k l l yak1 m e g z i a1 'by this guile a l l n d a 'in the presence of these infidels' 49:
make the enemy's face red' 2356 (cf. 1 a:]); G a g . xv ff. a l n l d a l a l y l d a rirriinde 'in the
0.0. 67 (ylpgln), 3709: ~ I I I ( ?At. ) a1 g u l 'a prescncc of, heforc' Vel. 27 ( q u o t n ~containing
.
scarlet rose' 342: X I V Mlrh.(?) (in a list of a l y ~ d aand a l n t m a ) ; a11 rin U P yan 'front,
colours of horses) romAdi 'ash coloured' a l side' do. 27 (quotn. containing a n l o a l y i d a ) ;
Rif 171 (only; cf. Kip. some such words ns a1 ( I ) [~udtir 'presence' ( V ~ l . ' s first quotn.);
[ o y ; al-ojqor] have prol,. fallen out of the text, (2) pijdni 'forehead' (quotn. beginning Nawii'i
see ala:) (jag. xv ff. a1 . . . (4) rrrrx-i rtim mn,q a l l g a y a z g a n n ~ 'that which is written on
'dull red' (quotn.); ( 5 ) tnrrhr dnigin-i pn'dijri- Nawi'i's forehead'; the word here is clearly
hdn-i rcrrk 'the sral and signet of the 'Turkish a h ) : X w a r . xlrr(?) b i r k o l a r a s l n d a
emperors' which is impressed in red (surx) on allndln b i r k i i r d i 'he saw a tree in
,firmdns and yarltks (quotn. fr. Pe. fozal of front of him in the middle of a lake' 0i. 71:
1Vasydf; this meaning is peculiar to Pe. and K o m . xiv tcgrf a l l l n d a 'in the presence of
not Turkish) San. 49r. 1 5 ; a1 t a m g a same God' and 0.0. C C G ; a l l l n d a k i k a q 'the front
translation as (5) above do. 49v. 29 (quotn.): saddlc-how' C C I ; Gr. 3s (quotns.): KIP. xrv
X w a r . ~ I I I ( ?Oauz
) Xan when horn had. a1 qudd6ni 'in front of' a1l:nda: Uul. 14, 4.
k o z l e r 0 2 . 6 (perhaps an error for a l a k o z l e r ,
a common phr.): xrv a 1 'scarlet, purple' Qzrth 1 6:l the hasic, original meaning was 'a political
7 ; M N 6, etc.: K o m . xlv 'bright rcd' a1 C C I ; unit organized and ruled by an independent
Gr.: KIP. xlrr (in a list of colours of horses) ~ l e r ' ;the most convenient short term in
01-afqar 'chestnut' a l Iforr. 1 3 , 5 (al-niharu'l- English is 'realm'. I n the early texts it usually
-mmrini 'dust o r ash coloured' is translated occurs in ilssociation with other political
o y ) : x ~ v.?:I ('with hack vowel') al-firastr'l- terms, x a k a n the ruler of such a realm,
-njqorrr'l-m~iyil ilri'l-srrfra 'a horse that is b o d u n its people, t o r o : the unwritten cus-
c h c s t n ~ l ttending touvirds yellow' Id. zo: xv tomary law under which it was administered
ajqnr a1 T ~ r h 41,. . 5. by the ruler, u l u ? the geographical area which
is occupied and oge: the chief administrative
3 a1 if really an ancient word, meant 'front, officer of the ruler. F r o m Xak. onwards, but
facing, prior position' hut there is great doubt not apparently earlier, it developed some ex-
whether it was. In the early period it occurs tended meanit~gs. In particular it often seems
only with a 3rd Person Poss. Suff. in the Dat., to mean 'the community, the people of the
Abl. and Loc. and these words might equally realm', displacing b o d u n in this sense. As the
well be the same cases of a h , q.v. T h e earliest T u r k s became involved in international politics
authorities for the existence of a1 as such are it also began t o have a n international applica-
VeI. and San., but in Gag., too, the word is tion and came to mean 'organized inter-
attested only in suffixed oblique cases; it is national relations' from which the transition
possihle that by this period a word a1 had to 'peace', one of its modern meanings, upasan
heen formed hy a kind of false etymology fr. essy one. It is an open question whether
oblique cases of a l l n . It certainly seems to 'courtyard', one of the meanings' given by
exist in some modelm languages, hut is still, KO$., belongs t o this word, b u t it is prob.
except in I<az.. apparently used only in ohlique merely a metaph. use meaning literally 'the
cases. Such words are S E Turki a y l IIS I D ; realm of the owner of the house'. 7 h e phr.
Jarring 16; N C I<tr., Iczx. a l d a , a l d a n , a l g a usually spelt 6:1 kiin in two words, which is
and siniilar forms in N W Kaz.; in NE the first noted in KL? and seems to mean 'people',
situation is complicated by the [act that a l l n has given some trouble. T h e theory in Id. that
whcn carrying suffixes would become a l d . k t i n here is 1 kiin 'sun' is not at all plausible.
T h e r e is a parallel problcm in the question l ' h e most reasonable explanation i s that the
whether there was an ancient word a l t o r second syllable is the Collective Suff. - g u n
whether this, too, is a hack formation fr. a l t l n , and that the spelling should be P:lgun in one
q.v., and there is a good deal of confusion word. S.i.a.m.1.g. as el/el/il meaning count^,
between the m o d e m forms of these two groups province; people, community (esp. one's own
of words. T h e following is the relevant evi- people as opposed t o foreigners)' and, less
dence regarding this word. U y g . vrr1 ff. Man. often, 'peace'. S e e Doerfw I1 653. T t i r k u vrrr
(in a fragmentary text apparently containing 61 t u t s r k y 6 r o t u k e n y ~ eg r r n i l 'the Otiiken
a simile about a fish) [ ? s u ] v k o d l s u v 4 y i n mountain forest was the place from which to
b a r s a r 01 s u v u g a d a k l [gapldag b o l s a r control the realm' I S 4, I1 N 3 ; (if you stay
u l u g k u m k a tursar s u v k u m a l t g a [?illin- there) beggii: 61 t u t a : o l u r t a q l : s e n 'you will
s e r 'if (the fish) goes downstream along the sit (on the throne) holding the realm for ever'
water, and the end of the watercourse is I S 8, I1N 6 ; (because of fratricidal strife and
blocked(?) and stops at a great sand dune, and internal disorder) T U r k i i b o d u n 4lledUk
if the water soaks into the front of the sand 6li:n 1&1nu: ~ d r n t gx a g a n l a d u k xagan1:n
dune' (the fish is left high and dry) M I11 37, yitiirii: l d r n l q 'the 'riirkii people let the realm
 MON. A L
which they had organized collapse, and lost the I 106, y ; a.o. I1 25, 8 (kal-); and many 0.0.
xnio~rwhom they had madr xnian' I E 6-7,II of 6:1 nl-ruilciyo- kti:q 6:ldln klrse: torli:
E 7; Tavgaq xaganka: 6li:n toro:sl:n all: tugliiktin q l k a r 'if violence enters (the house)
b e r m i g 'they consented to accept his realm from the courtyard (a[-find') customary law
(i.e. rule) and customary law from the Chinese goes out of the smoke-hole' (or window,
emperor' I E 8, 11 I? 8; (the Tiirkii people nl-krtrowa) III 120, 23: K B 61 'realm' is co111-
said) Qllig bodun e r t i m Q l i m a m t l : k a n ~ : mon by itself 123, etc., and in association nith
klrnke: Plig kazganu:rmen 'we were a t o r u 286, 822, ctc.--(three signs of the zod~ac
peoplc 1 ~ 1 tah realm (of our own), where is our arc fire, thrce water, thrce air, and thrcc cartli)
realm now? For whom are we s t r i v i n ~to a j u n bolcli el 'the wnrld hccnlncs peaceful'
obtain a realm?' I I? 9, I1 E 8; (the xngan) 143-s1nam1$ kivi b l l d ~6lgiin rgi 'the ex-
Plig t u t u p torfi:g Etmig 'controlled the realm perienced man knows the husiness of the
and put the customary law in order' I E 3.11 E peoplc' 245-blligslzke torcle o r u n bolsa
4 ; Ql yeme: 61 bolt]: bodun yemc: bodun kiir b u t o r elke s a n d ] Pllg buldl t a r 'if an
baltl: 'the realm became an (independent) ignorant man has a seat in the place of honour,
rcnlni, and the proplc became an (independent) this place of honour is reckoned to be the
peoplc' T 56; and many 0.0.: VIII ff. (a xnn courtyard, and the (real) place of honour finds
ascended the throne and fiscd his capital) Pli: the courtyard (as its site)' (and if a wise man is
t u r m i : ~'his realm was stahle' I r k B 28; Bli:g givcn a scat in the courtvard, that courtyard
Ctmi:g m e n 'I have organized the realm' do. is much superi(~rto the seat of honour) 262-3;
48: Man, s i z i ~Qligiz T T 11 6, 17, and 19: k o p u p ~ t k 6lke t ~ 'he rose and wcnt out into
Yen. Ql (spelt il) is fairly common, 61i1~izMal. thc courtyard' 6213; a.o. 2553 (liv): XII(?)
26, 4 ; 6llm 29, 7 and 8; a.o.0.; 26, I (iige:) K B V P b u rnagrlq 6Hnde 'in this eastern
a.0.o.: Uya. vlrr 81 ctmig is one component kingdom' 19, 29: x~rr(?) K B P P m a g r l q
in the title of the Xagan commemorated in urilBynttnda k a m u g T i i r k i s t a n Cllerlnde
$u. (N I ) and most of his successors: vlrr ff. 13-4; Trf.681 'cnuntry; people; town(?)' 74:
Man.-A Clte x a n t a 'in thc realm and with the xrv Rbk. 61 a v a s u n yiiz yagasun 'may his
snrr' il.2 111 lo, z (i) (dornagcd); 0.0. do. 34, 7; rcalm flourish and may he live a hundred
43, 9 (iige:): Man. koptln s q a r e l uluglarr% years' I? I 803 (cf. K B 123): Muh.(?) al-
keztinlz 'ynu hare travelled through realms -ndlti~v~ run'l-'nmal 'district, province' 6:I Rif.
and countries in evcry direction' TT III 60-1 ; 179 (only): (jag. xv ff. 61 xolq 'people' Vel. 72
Blig bodu[nug] M 11 5 , 16: Chr. m e n i 6lim ~ (quotn.); 41 nizl wa xnlq e~logrrrrih 'people,
icinde 'in my (lferod's) rcalm' U I 10, r : community' Snn. I rzv. 5 (quotn.); (under Qtin,
Bud. Snnskrit n!n71isanrk~ohlm 'revolt of the yo spclt) and 61 run g u n (sic, hut ?read blgfin)
forest dwcl1ers' CI, (so spelt) U:~U:V bu:l- is also tlscd as a tIend. (ha-tnriq-i mnzdmncn)
ga:nma:kl l'T P I I I A.31 ; jnirnpndd 'the in the meaning of 'nllics and auxiliaries'
(common) people' 61 u:lu$ do. A.42; rdjyci- (a'rua'n run onpar); Q t can be used by itself,
bhip~komiwn 'like the inauguration of a king- but g u n cannot he used-hy itself in this
don^' 61 o r n l l l g a:bhisikfg t e g do. D.17; nicaniria Snn. 3 1or. 6 (P. d~ C. 133
b n l t k d ~ n bnllkka ulugdtn ulugkn eltin several passapes fr. Bdbrrr in which ?~~~~
Qlke'from town to town, from coirntry to coun- means 'people, retinue, subjects (of a ruler)'):
try. from realm to rcnltn' TT I V 10, 20-1; X w a r . XI][(?)Clgiin (spelt yilglIn?) occurs
Blig t o r o g b u l g a d l m l z e r s e r 'if we have 14 times in Og., e.g. (the monster) y l l k r l a r n ~
disturbed the realm and the customary laws' e l g u n l e r n i yCr Brdi 'used to eat cattle and
do. lo, 17: Pfohl. 10, 15, etc. (iige:); and many people' 23: X I V 61 ( I ) 'kingdom, province';
0.0.: Civ. 61 x a n 'the realm and its ruler' TTI (z) 'people' Qutb 49; ( I ) only MN 14: Kom.
(cotnmon), VII 30, 15; and many 0.0.: XIV xrv e l 'province' C C I ; 'people' CCG; Gr.:
Chin.-Uj*. Dict. ,jkn ntin 'mankind' (Giles KIP. x r r ~(after 'hand' 63) wa hrrwa'l-iqlfm
5,624; 7,908)QlgunRISo3; Ligeti 156: 0.Klr. 7un lrttwn'l-silnt daddrc'l-ltnrb also 'province'.
IX ff. Pl (so spclt) is common, e.g. in Proper and 'peace', as opposed to war Horr. 20, 17;
Names el T o g a n T u t u k hlal. I, 2; Blimke (among the Proper Names) Qlbegl: amirrr'l-
61qi:sl: e r t i m 'I was the envoy for my realm' -iqlim; 6laldl: axnda'l-balnd 'he captured the
do. I , 2 ; tegri: Blimke: e v i i k m e d i m 'I could country' do. 29, 8-9: xlv 61 (mrrfaxxam, here
not remain in my sacrcd realm' do. 2, 2: Xak. 'with 6-, not 1-') 01-bnlad wn'l-qul!r fd. 20;
XI 8:lnl-rcilmln 'realm, province', and the like; Blgiin nl-dnrcln 'government, realm', com-
hence one says b e g P:ll: wi18yatu11-amir- pound of 61 al-bnlad and ktln al-jams 'sun',
6:l nl,fincil 'court-yard' hence one says k a p u g used as an espression ('ibdrn) for al-daruln
8:li: (not translated)-6:I ism yaqa' 'ald'l-xayl do. 22; ol-salZnz 'peace' 61 BIII. 6, y: xv xolq
'a word used with reference to hones, because cua 'dlam 'people, world' elgtin Tub. lqa. 3 ;
horses are the Turks' wings (cnndh), hence a fulh 61 do. 22a. 9 ; 'cilam Plgtin also without
groom (01-sd'is) is called Q:1 bag]: meaning (hi-isqdt) g u n do. zqb. 3 ; al-xalq wa'l-'dam
(literally) 'the head of a province' (al-wiliya) Plgiin, 61 ulug do. 85h. 9: Osm. X I V ff. 81
but used for sd'islr'l-xayl-8:1 @I-iulh boyna'l- (spelt both el and il) (I) 'country, state, pro-
-mnlikayn 'peace between two kings'; one vince'; (2) 'people', esp. 'other people'; ( )
says i:ki: b e g birle: B:1 boldi: fdZaha'l- 'peace, a t peace, friendly' (as opposed to yadr
-amirdn ma'a(rr) 'the two begs made peace with 'hostile'); c.i.a.p.; Blgun occurs in several XIV
one another' Kay. I 48-9; 61 torii: yetilsun and xv texts TTS I 370-5; X I 521-8; I11
ba$laha'liroil8ya 'let the realm be set in order' ,3604; I V 413-19
S 2 bllel See elig. Man. 01 n o m t a 'in that doctrine' T T I1163-
al)a yariindek ($pelt -teg) l u l t 1 ~ 1 z'you made
S 11 See y ~ l . a remedy for him' do. 29; a.0. do. 122: y6l
VU i:I pec. to Xak. Xak. xr 1:1 kigi: al- tel)ri a g a r oxgaylr 'the wind god is like that'
-raculu'l-la'im 'a vlle, ignoble person'; i:I Wind 5-kayu 01 'what is that?' T T I1 16,
ku:g a[-raxnma 'vulture' Kag 1 4 9 ; a.0. 1 3 3 1 36: Chr. 01 mogo$lar 'those magi (11 6 , 4;
(kug): KB y a n a b l r till 11 'again there is one a.o.0.--darn1 (sic) birle 'with them' do. 6, 6 ;
w ~ t han evil tongue' 342; kiglde ill 1669; at1 yilktineyin a g a r 'I- will worship him' do. 6,
il bolur 'he gets an evll reputation' 4672, 3-4; a.o.0.-bu b i r y u m g a k tag 01 'this is a
lump of stone'; do. 8, 5: Bud. 01 as an Adj.
01 both ( I ) an indeclinnhle Demonstrative is very common, e,g. ol bizig tsuy irlnqleri-
Adj. 'that' as opposed to bu: 'this'; (2) a de- m i z 'those sins and miserable (offences) of
clinable 1)emonstrative Prpn. 'that1, also used ours' T T I V 12, 44-01 and its oblique cases
for the 3rd Pers. Pron. he, she, it'. As a a n t , a g a r , o l a r (sic) are common as Pron.
Pron. it was also used in the Carly period as the e.g. 01 y6g bolgay 'that will be better' do. 10,
equivalent of the copula 'is, are'. In this last ~ ~ - otaluy l s u v ~ertfgii k o r k l n p g adalzg
case there are two usages: (a) suhject (some- 01 'that ocean is very terrihle and dangerous'
times implied, not stated), predicate, 01, mean- PP 26, 4-6 a.o.0.: Civ. 01 as Adj. and copula
ing that the suhject is the same as, or has the is common, and it and its oblique cases occur
quality described by, the predicate; (b) subject, as Pr0n.s: Xak. XI o l !~arf yu'nbbar bihi 'an
01, meaning that the suhject 'is that', often mn'nd huwa 'a particle used to express the
followed by a subordinate clause as in such meaning 'he'; hence one says 01 a n d a g a y d ~ :
phr. as timid 01 'my hope is (that . . .)'. 'he spoke thus'-01 harf yriknd bihi 'an ma'-
C.i.a.p.a.1.; in most the form is still 01, but in nd ddka ayda(n) 'a particle also used as en
one or two the -1 has been elided, prob. com- Adjective in the meaning 'tliat': hence one
paratively recently (the only early occurrence, says ol e r 'that man'--01 b r f ta'kid yadxul
once in Tiirkii, is almost certainly a scribal fi'l-isme' wa'l-af'dl 'a particle giving emphasis
error). Such forms are SE Tiirki o:, o, u used in association with nouns ,and verbs;
Shaw, S$, Jarring, and SW Az., Osm. o. In hence one says 01men19 o g l u m 01 'he is really
one or two other languages, e.g. S W Tkm. o !bqiqnta(n)) my son', and ol evke: barmt:? 01
occurs as a colloquial form, beside the more he has really gone to the house' Kaj. 1 3 7 ; 01
formal 01. 'l'he oblique stem has been from is very common in all three usages and so are
the earliest period an-, and three cases a n m , the oblique cases a n t , ablg, agar/aga:r, etc.
a n t a , a n t a n are listed separately since they and o l a r ; see o:nu: K B 01 in all three usages
are used as Adus., hut there seems to have is common, e.g. o r u n 01 t0rilttl 'IIe created
been an alternative stem In- of which traces space' 19--ol edgii 6diin 'at the good time'
are to be found under anca: and agaru:, and 291-uluglug s a g a o l 'greatness is Youis' 7;
in the early period the Plur. was ola:r. In one in some such cases ol is used where ba:r
or two languages, esp. SW Osm. this stem has might be expected, e.g. o n iki Ukek 01
been converted by false analogy to on-; the b u l a r d a adln 'there are twelve signs of the
only early occurrence is listed under Xak.; arid zodiac different from these' (the planets) 138-
there are sporadic cases of the elimination of the oblique forms of the Pron. are the same a;
-n- in the Plur., e.g. Gag alar. Tiirkii vrrr in Kaj.: xir(?) K B V P o l Plnig bBgiisi 'the
01 is normally an Adj. e.g. 01 s a v ~ 'that
g word' sage of that realm' 27-kim.01 'who is he!'
I S 7, 11 N 6-barduk y6rde: edgiig ol 35-ugan b l r bayat ol 'the Almighty is the
erinq 'your (only) advantage in the places to pne God' I ; in yPnie b u k t t a b 01 fdi Bk
which you went was presumahlv that' (your azlz 'and this book is very precious' 9, the
blood flowed like water, etc.); O g u z ~ yeme:: predicate for the first time comes after 01:
t a r k ~ n q01 'his O h z , too, arc in a difficult XIII(!) K B P P ol is used as an Adj., but in
mood' T 22; Bilge: ToAukuk aA1g 01 'the sentences where 01 might be expected as a
Counsellor Tofiukuk is evil' T 34-anl: copula t u r u r is used instead; At. 01 is com-
korUp 'when you see it'.I S I 3; anl: ii$ii:n mon in all three usages, the oblique cases,
'because of that' I E 3 ; I1 E 28; four 0.0. of including o l a r are the same as in Kaf.;
am:; vrrr ff. in I r k B every para. ends with the Tef. ditto but a n l a r occurs as well as o l a r 53,
phr. edgti: (yavld, etc.) ol '(the omen) is good 236, 325: xrv Muh. huma o:l; humu a n l a c
(bad, etc.)'; 01 ta:y:g 'that stone' Toy. 16 ddka 01 Me[. 12; Rif. 86-7; and 0.0.: Gag.
(ETY 1158); (a blue-white stone) t i t t0zlii:g xv ff. 01 ism-i ijdra Demonstrative N./A. &I
01 'hns its:ori~inin -Mercury' do. 5-6: Man. 'that' Son. 85v. 14 (quotn. 01 as Adj.); a n l a r
01 6diin 'at that time' Chuas. I 6-7-anlg i@n, dnha, dn 'they', a l a r without -n- is also
s a w n 'his words' do. 137; a n t iiqiin do. 305- used (quotn.); an1 ti-rd 'him' (quotns.); a n t e
erlgiig a n t g a g k o p tegri yaratrnlg 01 'God ti but only in such phr. as s n l g d 6 g 'like him',
was the creator of all good and evil' do. 1 2 8 ; a n q bile 'with him', and as an Adj. (quotn.)
8.0.0.: Uyg. VIII 01 a y 'that month' $u. E 6; San. 52r. 8 ff.: Xtvar. XIII(?)01 is used ohly
a.o. E &am: do. S 6: - v1rr ff.' Man;-A as an Adj. in @.;there are the usual obliquP
bazgan klsgaq k i m kentii ol o k t e m i r e n eases' including a n u g (sic), a n l a r : XIV ol is
btilmig 01 'the hammer and tongs which are conimon in all three usages Qutb 116; MN:
themselves constructed from exactly that Nahc. passim:. Kom. xrv 01 Adj. and Pron.
iron' M I 8, rc-tz-an1 M I I S , 7 (2 ota-): rvith a list of oblique cased, Dat. agar, agar;
 a a r , I'lur. a n l a r , a l a r C C I , C C G ; Gr. 175 61 'moist' I I I onr XIV and ritle xvr text 7'7's I1
(many quotns., no trace of 01 as copula): KIP. 747; IC' Ozz.
X I I I dnkn here 'he' 01; rild'ihn 'they' anla:r Hou.
50, 13; r~thernhlique cases do. 52, 9 ff.: X I V
o l Itrtcc~orcn hi-mn'nri d&n Id. zo; a n l a r humu Xlon. V. AL-
rco rild'ikn do. 24; (under bunqak) and o l c a k a l - '10 t;rLc', \vith all thc shadcs of nicaninc of
_drihn'l-qodr 'that amount' do. 89; hndrihn 0:1 the English word, 'to srize, crillect (a debt).
BIII. I Z , 2; and oblrque cases a n l a r , etc. : xv reccive, accept', and some others as well, such
dikn o l Kav. 32, 2 0 (oblique cases a m : , as 'to take uff'(a cap, saddle, etc.), 'to marry'
ala:rn~: 32, 1 2 ; anr:, alla:rnl: 49, 4 ) ; dZIikn 2nd (as at1 nl)hrevintion of s;ttCtn al-) 'tri
01 49, 9 ; tilri'ihn ala:r 49, 1 0 ; drihn o l Ttrh. buy'. S.i.a.111.l.g. ?'he word is used in Illany
16h. I and many 0.0.; oblique cases a n l g , idioms and con~poundsin which it is some-
a g a r , o n l , o g a , o n l a r : O s m . sir. 01 as Adj. times the second elenlent. \Vlien it is the first
and Pron. together with o l a r and o l o k c.i.a.p. in expressions like 8111) h a r - and a l i p kbt-
T T S I 539H.; 11724ff.; I11 53Rff.: IV604ff.; 'to take a\\-ay', and nllp kel- 'to fetch', t h r two
oblique cases a m , a n u g , a n l a r , etc. are noted words are oflcn firscd and assume fnrrrrs like
as late a5 SVII. I zh ff; I1 34 ff.; III zz ff.; I V a p p a r - . e k k i t - , akkel-. ?orring 18-I<) lists
23 ff.; but onga for a n q a is as old as s v III about 30 plir. bcpinning with a ' t p (allp) in
545. SIC 'l'tirki. In compor~ridsin which ~ 1 is- the
second element the meaning la!-gcly dcpetids
u:l 'foundation, basis' (lit. and metnph.). on the fonn of the first vcrl). In modern NE
Survives only(?) in SE 'I'iirki u l 'foundation, and N C languages a Ger. in - p is followed
earth floor' Jarri~tg 322. Xak. sr u:l uss kull alternatively by a l - or b b r - , e.g. s a t l p a l -
ird'il n o ciddr 'the foundation of any kind of 'to buy', satrp bbr- 'to sell'. In such cases
wall (Hend.)'; hence one says t a : m u:ll: 'the Pol. saps that a l - in N E 'ruv. connotes action
foundation of the wall' Kaj. 148: K B s o z i n taken in onc's own interest or for oneself. But,
s6zledi s o z k e u l t u b u r u p 'he made his if the first elcnient is a Gyr. in -a:/+:, a l - has
speech laying a foundation for his words' the same meaning as u:- to he ahlc'. In such
506; 0.0. (all mctaph.) 819, 921, 1772: XIII(?) expressions al-, likc u:-, is usually, hut not
K B P P (this precious hook has been built) always, in thc Ncg. f.; phr. likc kele a l m a d l
t 6 r t u l u g a & r u l u z e 'on four great and 'he could not come' arc common, hut phr. like
important foundations' 29; At. 81 (ur-), 341: k e l e aldr 'he was ahle to come' occur also.
X I V nfrrh.(?) nl-nsiis 'foundation' u:I Rij. 178 T h e date when this idiom evolved is uncertain.
(only): X w a r . xlv u l 'the sole of the foot' I he earliest languages in which it is traceable
Qtrth 197: K I D S I V (aftcr 01) also in the are Kom. and 5:;1g., but no cxarnplcs have hecn
meaning of n l - n ~ l'basis, origin' fd. zo: O s m . noted in Xwar., Klp., or any earlier language
s r v u l 'the foundations (of the mountains)' in or in the SW languages. I t has often been sug-
one text T T S 1 540 (01). gested, p.g. in R I 3 4 8 , that t h e S W Impossible
f. b a r a m a - 'to be rrnal~leto go' is a contrac-
6:1 'damp, nioist'; with sonie extended mean- tion of b a r s a l - hut this is an error, the sccond
ings llke 'fresh' (not stale) in some modern clement is u:-, q.v. I n the hasic meaning 'to
languages. S.i.a.m.l.g., in SE Tiirki as h6l take' the object is in the Acc., the source from
with a recently acquired prosthetic h - Slrarv which it is taken in the Abl., and the third-
188, B$ 318. Jarring J Z Z (also yal, yiil); Tar. -party beneficiary, if mentioned, in the Dat.
h 6 l R 11 1798. 'Tiirku V I I I ff. Man. k u r u g Tiirkil V I I I a l - is common, usually 'to capture
61 y b r 'dry and moist land' C111ras. 58, 316: (by military action)', e.g. ( I killed their xafnn
Uyg. vrrr ff. Bud. k u r u g y e r i g s u v a y u 01 and) blin a n t a : a l t l m 'thereupon took his
yCrlp. t a r l y u 'irrigating the dry land and realm' I I E 27; but o l s a v t g alip 'accepting
cultivating the moist land' PP I , 3-4: Civ. that statement (as true)' I S 7.11 N 6 : ?'iir[gev
6:l (ric) T T V I I I 1.1 (otug): XIV C11in.-Uys. x a g a n ] k m : n ertigu: u l u g tiiriin o g l t m a :
Dirt. ski11 'damp, moist' (Giles 9,938) 01 R I all: b 6 r t i m 'I took the daughter of the
1246; Ligtti 189: X a k . XI 6:l ne:g 'anything Tiirgeg .vognn (in marriage) for my son with
moist' (mth); hence one says 0:1 to:n 'a moist great honour' I I N 10; a.o. I E 8. I1 E 8
p r m e n t ' ; a word not known to the Oguz Kay. (1 e l ) : V I I I ff. 6gii:rn 6tl:n alny1:n 'I will
1411; a.o. I 3 3 8 , I I (qim): K B (God created) accept my niothcr's advice' I r h B 58; kaltl:
k u r u g yS oliig 'dryness and moisture' 3726: y i i r i i : ~t n : $ ~ ga l s a r 'if a man takes a white
s l v hhrh. nl-rafb ( y a : ~and) 01 MPI. 54, 14; stone' Tov. 15 (E'I'Y II 58): Man. n n l g s a v l n
Rif. 151 (mis-spelt): Gag. XV ff. 01 ('with o-') a l l p Cltri&. 137; a.0. 198: Yen. altl: y e g k r m i :
yny nnm mn'ndsina 'nioist'; also used for daryd y a g l m a : a l m q k u n q u y ~ m'my wife whorn I
'sea' Vef. I 13 (quotns.); (after 01) . . . (2) [61] married a t the age of sixtcen' Mal. 48, 7:
ratb rcn tar 'moist' (quotn.); (3) metaph. rib Uyg. vlrr al- 'to capture' occurs four times in
ma daryn' 'water, sea' (quotn.) Son. 85v. 15: $11.: vrrr ff. &fan.-A s l z l e r d e aim19 a g u 'the
X w a r . X I V 61 'moisture' Quih 122: KIP. XIV poison receivcd from you' M I 19, 15: Man.
(after Hi:-) one says 61 d i i r ratiha mnbltil 'it is a l t o a m t l 'now accept' (the worship of all
moist'; and hence 011: k k t m e d i : 'its moisture men) T T I11 3-4: Bud. al- (in TT V I I I
(rutrihofrihrr) has not gone off' Id. 2 0 ; ihtalla usually a:1-) 'to take' is common, e.g. t a v a r l n
'to' be nioist' 6:1 ol- Bul. 27r.; bnlla 'to a l t l m l z yuglnrltmlz e r s e r 'if me have taken
moisten' 6:l eyle-let- do. 35r.: O s m . XIV ff. and used their property' T T I V 6, 44; m a y t r l
 MON. A L
b u r x a n t a b u r x a n k u t ~ g aa l k ~ ga l ~ p're- 69, 2 ; 220, 14 (kod~:): K B k a y u neg a g a r
ceiving from Maitreya Duddha praise for the e r s e ilgii k e r e k 'anything which goes up
blessed state of I$uddhahood' T T I V I 2, j I -2 : must come down' 1086 (Vienna hlS. Bngil);
Civ. al- is common for 'to receive' in contracts, 0.0. 746 (yok1a:-), 4754 (iler glossed xrrrdtar
e,g. T u r ~I3axgldin y a r i m k a p b o r a l d l m juda 'becomes smaller' in Vienna MS.).
'I have received half a skin of wine from T u r ~
Baxg~' USp. I , 3-4; and for 'to take' (e.g. a 11- (?i:1-) 'to catch (something, with the hand,
drug in compounding a remedy) in II I and a hook, a noose, etc.)', and more commonly in
11: Xak. X I 01 a l ~ m i naldt: qahada daynohu modern languages 'to hang (something Acc.,
'he collected the debt due to him'; and one on to something Dot.)' with some extended
says beg 6:I aldl: a.m~/~~'l-atniru'l-zui14ya 'the meanings esp. in SW. S.i.a.m.1.g.; with long
beg captured the province' Kaf. I 168 ( a h . vowel in Yakut I:1- Pek. 912 and Tkm. 1:I-
aima:k) and over 30 0.0. with various shades which may represent the original form.
of meaning: K D al- 'to take, ' ' , etc. is Uyg. vlrr ff. Man. b o d u l m a k l ~ gilgti tiibke
very conlrnon: X I I I ( ?At. ) d i t t f g y d i t t o 48: s ~ r ~ i m ~ g l a'to
r k those
a attached to the cling-
s ~ Muh.
v axada al- Ma/. 22, 2; Rif. 102 and ing ([lend.) root' T7' 11152-3: Bud. Sanskrit
several 0.0.: Gag. a l - ( - g u m , etc.) a/-; a l m a y dsajya 'clinging' ilip (spelt ylip) T T VIII F.5 ;
altnaz, altnozin; but in many passapes it is also k a l l n yekler teglrmileyii a v l a p iltiler e r k i
used with (another) word (bir laf~la)e.R. k ~ l a 'hordes of demons crowding round him seem
a l m a y eyleyiimezin, eyleyiimedin, pj'lrjvitnez to have got hold of him' U I V 20, 233; same
'without being able to do, is unable to do' Vel. phr. 18, 192: Xak. X I tike:n to:nug ildi:
28-9 (quotn.); al- giriffan 'to take' (quotn.); it ca&ba'l-$awku'l-@wb 'the thorn caught on to
is also a word which in conjunction with some the garment'; Aor. iler with a farha on the
words expresses a meaning not inherent in [Em;Infin. 1lme:kfi'l-cadb Kaj. 1169: F a g .
it(?) ( l a h i ki bd ba'di halima't ijdda-i ma'nd xv ff. 11 ( - m a k , etc.) ilijdir- to 'hang on'
gayr mawdti' iahu mi-krmod), e.g. a r a ( ? a h ) (Trans.); iltifdt eyie- 'to favour', etc. Vel. 74-5
a l m a k tn~vfngirijtan 'to he able to take'; (quotns.); 11- giriftan wa bn-nazar ghiftan 'to
b a r a a l m a k tazu811 raftan 'to be able to go'; take, seize; to pay attention to' Son. 1 0 9 ~ .14
k6giil a l m a k dil-cri'i hardan 'to be satisfied'; (quotns.): X w a r . xlv J1- 'to fasten, attach'
s a t g u n a l m a k xaridan 'to buy' San. 4 5 v 27 Qulb 58: K o m . xrv il- 'to hang, suspend'
(quotns.): X w a r . X I I I a l - 'to take', etc. 'Ali 26: C C G ; Gr.: Klp. xlv il- 'allaqa 'to hang, sus-
XIII(?)ditto, common 02.:xrv ditto Qutb 7; pend' i d . 19: xv ditto Tuh. 26a. 7: O s m .
M N 284, etc.; Nahc. 47. 8 etc.: K o m . xrval- XIV ff. il- 'to fasten into, grip' (something
(-!r C C I ; - u r C C G ) 'to take, to receive' C C I , Dot.) in several xrv to XVI texts T T S I 376;
CCG; 'to marrv': (in Nen. f.) 'to be unable to' 11 53 I ; I V 420.
CCG; Gr. gj (&any hudtns.): Kip. xrlr 1 01- 'to be, or become, ripe, soft, fully or
arada a l - Ilorr. 39, 18: x ~ vditto id. 19; Bul. over-cooked'. Survives only in S W K r ~ mR I
20v.: X V ditto K ~ I J5. , I ; 8, 16; 77, 12 (al- 'with1098 and Osm. It is, however, doubtful
hack vowel'); al-, not translated, is used to whether in these languages it is now realized
illustrate conjugation in Tub. 4ob. 2 ff.: O s m . that this verb is by origin quite different from
X I V ff. al- in its ordinary meanings is not listed
the much commoner 2 01- (bol-). Xak. XI e t
in T T S but phr. and unusual meanings are b ~ g ~oldl:
p tubixa'l-lahm hattd taharra'a
quoted in 1 2 2 ; 1129; I11 17; I V 15. mina'l-tabx 'the meat was boiled until it dis-
11-111- Preliminary note. There is some d i ' - intcgra'tedS; also used of a garment when it
c~rltyabout the vocalization of these verbs. Ka$. I becomes threadbare and worn out (xaliqa wa
boliyo) with long use Kaj. I 169 (olur,
169 rays that there ruere two: ( I ) 11-, Aor. ~ l u r , 01rna:k): s ~ Muh.v (in the section on food)
zuitit a bnck vowel 'to descend'; (2) il-, Aor. muhra' 'over-cooked' o:lmi$ Mel. 65, 12; Rif.
Iler, ruith a front voruel (of a thorn) 'to catch (a 164: KIP. X I V istaw8'to become ripe' o:l- But.
garmmt, etc.)'; but the former isspelt ~ ~ . iajront
th 29r. : O s m . x ~ ff.
v one or hvo of the numerous
vowel in I<B (and the Caus. f. Ildur- survives forms listed in T T S seem to belong to this
with front ootuelr in NC), and the latter zuirh verb and not 2 01-, including xrv o l m a z
bnck vowels in Ca2.; in the latter Iang~magehow- w a q t i n 'untimely' I541 ;oldaci ktgi 'a mature
ever some n~eaningsare so close to those of al- as man' II 726; xv o l m a z y e r e 'fruitlessly' IZI
543. and perhaps one usage of 01- in 1541.
to suggest that 11- here roar a Sec. f. of al-, just
as in some fa~~g~rages there is a Sec. f. ~ k of- S 2 01- See b o b .
ak-, Q.W. Therc is in fact no dottbt that the
second verb did lrave a front vowel. 61- 'to die' C.i.a.p.a,l. Tiirkii vrrr 61- 'to die'
is common, but is not used for persons of the
11- 'to descend (from something Abl.)'. highest rank for whom u p , q.v., was used:
N.0.a.b. T h e suggestion in Kaf. I 169 that vrrr ff. 61- 'to die' I r k B 41, 57: Man. ditto
Bn-, q.v., is a Sec. f. of this verb is phonetically Chuas. 23: Yen. ditto Mal. 26, 5 , etc.: Uyg.
impossible. Xak. X I e r ta:$i,dan k o d ~ :lldt: vnr ditto $u. B 5 , etc. ; Srrd 8: vrrr ff. Man.-A
'the man descended (nazala) from the moun- ditto M I 9, 5 etc.: Man. TT 11 16, I 7, etc.:
tain' (etc.); Aor. llur, with a dortr~naon the Bud. ditto, very common: Civ. ditto H I 102;
Idm; Inf. 11ma:k fi'l-ntizril KCIF.1169: a t t ~ n i l USp. 12, 2 etc.: 0. Klr. ~ x f f ditto
. Mal. 10,
trzil ntina'l-faras I 175. 8; 0.0. 1 175, 19; I11 I I , etc.: Xak. X I 61- translated mdta 'to die'
 MON. A t
(once qtrtila 'to be killed') occurs 9 times, once gencrnl, and haray 'leprosy' in particular San:
(Kay. I 15, I ) spelt 6:l-; Aor. 6lii:r 1228, 14; 49r 23 (several expressions beginning with
n.m.e.: KB 01- 'to d ~ eis' common: XIII(?)At. a l a follow): X w a r , xlv a t a (of a horse)
ditto common; Tef. ditto 244: S I V Mtrh. mdfa 'dappled' Qtrtb 7 ; (of clothes) 'parti-coloured'
61- Mel. 31, 4; Rif. 115; a.o.0.: Gag. xvff. Nahc. 55, I : K o m . xtv 'dappled' a l a C C G ;
6ler/ijiiir ('with 0- not ii-') d u r , murda olur Gr.: Krp. xi11 (among the proper namcs) ala:
ma'nrisino Ifeel. r 17 (quotn.); Ol- mirrdon 'to ku:? iayr ablaq 'a speckled bird' Hou. 29, 7:
die' Son. 8or. 17: Xwar. ~ I I I ( ?Olerblz
) (sic) xrv ala: ('with back vowels') al-farartr'l-ablaq
'we are dvinp' 02.79: xlv Ol- 'to die' common also called alaca: Id. 20: xv ul-'ayntr'l-yrthld
Qtttb 12;; AflV 281, etc.: K o m . xlv 'to die' 'a blood-shot eye' aia: k6:z Knw. 60, 12;
61- CCI, C C G ; Gr.: KIP. X I I I al-mawt ablaq ala: Tuh. 4a. 3 ; 4b. 5: O s m . xlv to xvrr
a l m e k Iforr. 33, 4 ; mdlo 01- do. 43, 18: xlv a l a nornlally 'parti-coloured'; but sometimes
61- ('with front 1-o\vcl') mdfn Id. 20; Brrl. 81r. : 'trencherous' seems to be implied; in several
xv ditto Knu, g , z r ; 78, 12; Ttrh. 3 5 b 8. texts T I ' S 1 1 6 ; 11zz; III 14; I V 14.
D ele: See 1 e1e:-.
Dis. ALA
S ile See birle:.
a:la: lit. 'parti-coloured, dappled, mottled,
spotted, blotchy'; hence metaph. 'hypo- D Ili: Hap. leg.; Dev. N./A. fr. il- ; lit. 'hanging
critical, treacherous', and the like. S.i.a.m.l.g., loose'. Xak. XI ill: k a p u g 'a closed (gulug)
often in jingles like a l a bula and as the first door which opens (ynnfatih) without a key'
element in cornpound names for birds, ani- Kay. I 92.
mals, plants, etc. See Doerfer I1 518. Tiirkii
v r r ~ff. a:la: (sic) at1r:g yo1 (or yul) tegri: VU uia: perhaps survives in SW xx Anat. u l a
m e n 'I am the god of the road (or 'spring'?) 'a place, or clump of trees which serves as a
with a dappled horse' I r k B 2: Uyg. V I ~ Iff. boundary mark in the fields' S D D 1415; not
Civ. knyu kiginig etf a l a b o l s a r 'if a man's connected m. u l a 'mountain' in some NE, SE
flesh becomes blotchy'; (a remedy is described) dialects which is a I.-w, fr. Mong. a'ula
alasr k e t e r 'the blotches disappear' H 1 4 8 - 'mountain' (Ilaenisch 10, Kow. 32). Xak. XI
50; similar phr., different remedy T T V I I 23, ula: 'a mound (orabarrow, al-yuwwa) which
4-5 (hardly 'leprous' as there translated, the serves as a landmark ('alam) in the desert';
remed~esmentioned would be quite ineffec- one says ula: bolsa: yo:l azma:s 'if there is
tive for leprosy): xrv Chiri.-Uyg. Dict. mang a landmark (ham) in the desert, the way is not
'variegated, parti-coloured' (Giler 7,659) a l a lost' Kay. I 92.
Ligeti 128: Xak. XI a:la: (spelt ah:, but in a
section containing only words beginning with Dis. V. ALA-
a:-) nl-nbrns ntina'l-insrin of a man, 'leprous';
and one says n:la: a t al-arqaf mina'l-xayl 1 ele:- 'to keep calm, move gehtly' and the
'a dappled horse'; and one says b e g xa:nka: like; n.0.a.b.; no longer recognized by Kag. as
a:la: boidi: xdlafn'l-amiry'l-~nalik wa xaraca an ordinary V. Uyg. VIII ff. Bud. (Ku 'I'ao
'alnyhi rua wri/oqa ma' aduwwihi 'the beg recovered from his trance and the people who
opposed the king, revolted against him, and had come to bury him all began to panic and
came to terms with his enemies': a:la: (spelt run away; seeing this he said) elegler edgii-
ala;) the name of a summer station (muffdf) l e r i m 'keep your heads, my good people' (why
near Fegana: a:la: (spelt ala:) y r g a : ~ism are you running away?) Suv. 5 , 14: X a k . XI
mawdi' bi'l-!air 'the name of a place on the ele: harf rca ma'ndhu ttrwayd an Exclamation
bordkr' (between Rfoslcrn and pagan coun- meaning 'gently, slowly'; one also says ele:
tries) Kay. I 81 ; ala: (in a section for words ele:'pently, gently', ande1e:gll w. -gilattached
with short initial vowels) al-abra,c I 9 1 (prov., KO$.1 9 2 ; a.0. III 26, I (2 &vet).
metaph. meaning); (who knows which ravens S 2 ele:- See e1ge:-
are the old ones?) kigi: a1a:srn k i m t a p a r
mani'lladi ya'rif (Inmd'ira'l-qrrdtir 'who knows D 4lle:- Den. V.,fr. 1 8:1; survives only(?) in
the secret thoughts in (men's) breasts?' 1425. NC K I ~ .elde- to be peaceably disposed'.
12: ~ I I I ( ?Tef.
) a l a 'leper' 48: xlu Mulr. (in a TIirkil vrrr I E 6-7, I1 6 7 (1 &l): 0. Klr.
list of colours of horses) al-ablaq 'dappled' IX ff. te:g yagr:g ya21:ladrm el(l)edirn
a:l (sic) Afirh. 70. 5 ; ( ~ a p n r in
, margin) a:l:a 'I fought foreign enemies and incorporated
Rif. 171 (the test is obviously corrupt.here, them in rrly realm' Mat. 45, 4: O s m . XIV
see 2 n:1; gnpnr is a Pe. I.-w.): F a g . xv ff. 61ie- 'to incorporate in one's realm' in two texts
a l a (PU) l u g a , a l a (VU) b a k e (with -k-') T T S I 371 (ile-); I1 53 I (ille-).
the names of two different water birds Vel.
30 (the second is also mentioned in Son., u1a:- 'to repair (something broken Act.): to
l u g a is obviously corrupt perhaps for togan, join (things Acc.) together; to join (something
Son. mentions such a bird but not as a water Acc.) to (something Dat.)'. S.i.a.rn.1.g. T h e
bird); a l a ( I ) nrrx-i nhrr mng 'dull red' (error, SE Tar. meaning 'to twist together', R I 1678,
confused with 2 n:l) just :IS in Rrimi ~ a j m ki i seems rather to belong to 2 *ulr:-. See also
mdvil-i mrr!tarmt(?) brigad 'an eye inclined. to u1a:yu:. Tiirkii (VIII, this word has been
be-inflamed' is called a l a gozlii; in this mean- erroneously rend in I E 32 see anqu:la:-):
ing the same as in Pe.; (2) anything ablaq in VIII ff. (I make good your hroken things and)
 MON. A L B t 27 1',
lizliki:ni:n u1a:yu:rmen 'join together your u-'; and uluq-) nda kqidan rag wa fagdl w a
tom things' IrkB 48 (see sap-): Uyg. Man.-A amlil-i dn 'to howl, of a dog, jackal, and the
kentU k6oIilln nigogaklar Uze b a m a z like' San. 82t. 16 (both words spelt with front
u l a m a z 'he does not attach (I-lend.) his own vowels in error): KIP. X I V ulu- 'awd'l-knlb id.
mind to the Hearers' M 111 22. 12-1 3 (i): 20: xv 'awd UIU- Tuh. 2 5 b 9 ; nabaha ulu- do. i
Bud. n o m ulamakltg edgiisi 'his goodness 37a 8.
in attaching the doctrin'e' (to his hearers)
(was like that of lleva Hodhisattva) yarukrn VU 2 *ull:- See u1lt-q ulln-, etc.
ulamakllg e d r e m l 'his manliness in at-
taching its light. (to them) (was like that of tile:- 'to divide (something Acc.) into shares
~~~~~j~~~ llodhisattva) H ~ ~ 1~ 9 0- 4 ~ : and ~ . distribute (them to people Dot.)'; the
Xak. ula:dl: ruopnla,l-xay~ joined word implies both division and distribution.
together the cord' (etc,); and one says 01 SutVives in One O r NE languages and
yagu:k ,,la:dl: wafa~a91.ro,li,n d,d good SE Tar. I 1849; elsewhere, like evle:-, it
to the neighbours$ ( ? an Ar,
255 ula:ma:k); ula:gu: ne:O
Ay, 111 has been displaced by Caus. f.s of der. f . 9 of
md this verb. U Y ~~ .1 1 ff. .
1 Man. r t n f g . . UleyU
ytilal b;hipl- to which something yarllkatlolz . . tlnllglarka 'you have
is fastened', e.& a patch on a garnlent Kay. I deigned to distribute the jewels (of the doc-
136, 16: K B k a y u k a yagugsa a u a r 6 z u l a r trine called ugoodu) to (suffering) monals.
'it joins itself to whichever (planet) it ap- T T 'I' "9-1': Bud. ad'nlarka ''mi$
preaches, 136; k6Diil bir bayatka uladlm buyan kiiqinde 'by virtue of the merit dis-
kBnl c * have sincerely joined my mind to the tributed to others' T T VII 40, r t z : Civ. (VU)
one~ ; 4778; ~ do,o.~ 460, (j76, 961, 2oq8, C O ~ ulep I kltablmiz 'our memorandum
4790: xrll(?) ,,la 'join' (various qualities allocating the ~ o k(some ' kind of tax, Chinese?
together) b2; biliglfkke ula g2; a,O,o.; I.-w.) USP. 9, 4: Xak. o1 yarmazk
(Tej, u~amakllk,union, or the like 225): xIv farraqa'l-dmGhim 'he divided and distributed
~ , , h , ?)
( awpala cto join (something to some- the coins' (etc.1 KO$. 112255 (ule:r, Ule:me:k);
u:la:- Ry, IIo5 (only): xv Post- (when you become a distinguished wise man in
k6p kBrurbiz Adib sazini bile the tribe) bilgi:n u:le: (sic) 'distribute your
bllmegendln ,,lar azin1 see all people wisdom (to others)' I 51, 16: K B s1Bayka
join themselves (to him) wl,ether they know a l e d l uku* n e ! ~t a v a r 'he distributed many
the ~ d words
~ orb ~ 506:~ tag. xv R, (useful) things and goods to the poor' I I 12;
ula:- (and "landlr-, both spelt) Caus. f; O.0. I034, !5179 1.5~4(aer:): xwar. (if
band hardan pa3,wnrtan cua rirmdt; your drlnk IS water, beware of drinking alone,
ba-ca,i ,to tie or join together cords or ropes the man that eats alone) yalguz u l e r z a r 'has
at a placey Snn. g r r , 11 (quotns,): K ~ x I v ~ no. One to share his misew with' (fol. 7 3 ~ I. 1)
lto tie together, joins CCG; G ~ . :K ~ ~Qulb . 197 @la-): Kip. xrv ule- ('with front
x l r r owyola u,afli~l ny' bi91 u:la:- Hou, vowels') qasama 'to divide up' fd. 20: xv
37, 21: xrv ula- am$ala id. 20: xv warah qasama 'Iu- Tub. 30a. 5+
(yet-, yetgir-; in margin in second hand) D 6li:r Intrans, Den. V. fr. 6:l; 'to be moist,
ula- ~ u h .38b. 7: O s m . xrv ula- 'to join, dakpb. N.0.a.b. The more normal Den. V.
fasten' in three texts T T S 1 7 1 8 ; I1 924. 6lle- s.i.s.m.1. but as a Trans. V; 'to moisten'.
Xak. XI to:n 6ll:di: ibtalla 'I-!nwb 'the garment:
1 1111:- basically (of a wolf) 'to howl'; also used wah moist* K ~ 11 ~1 256
. (prov, ; jj]i:r, - &H:-
by extension for other animals and human me:k); a,o. 11 324, 9: xrv ~ ~ ibiolb
~ 6h1 ~ -,
beings. S.i.m.m.1.g. w. some variations ~ ~ 21,1 15;. (tiivge-; in margin) 5:li:- Rif.
(-a-1-u-) of the final vowel. Uyg. V r l I ff. Man. loz: Kip. xrv 6li- Id. 20: xv ditto
I ~gaq k u t ~ulryur 'the benevolent spirits of 61ii- ~ ~ 5a.h 7: . O s m . xrv, xv 61"- 'to be
the shrubs and trees lamcnt' M II 12, 5 : Bud. moistp in two textS TTS I 563; 111 559.
(then the King, hearing these words) ulldl ,
si[Stad~'howled and sobbed' PP 61,4; similar
phr. do. 77, 2-3 ; U I13 0 ~ 2 5 : (of a cow whose Mon. ALB
calf is lost) ulryu 'lowing plaintively' PP 77, a l p basically 'tough, resistant, hard to over-
5: Xak. xr bbri: ul1:dr: 'the wolf howled' come'; originally applicable both to persons,
('awd'); also used of a dog when it barks at when the conventional translation 'brave' is
night with a frightening bark (nabob layla(fr) reasonably accurate, and to inanimate objects
nubdh hd'il); also of a man when he suffers and even to abstract ideas like 'danger'.
acute pain and screams like the howl of a wolf S.1.a.m.1.g. except SE; in S\V it became obso-
(piha ka-'uwd'i'l-rfi'b) Kay. 111 255 (prov.; lete except as an element in Proper Names but
ull:r, ul1:ma:k); b u u g u r 01 b6ri: u11:gu: lvas revived during xrx. See Uocrfer I1 526.
'this is the time when the wolves howl' I I 36, T u r k t i vrrr a l p 'brave' qualifying, or as a pm-
18: K B ttigekke k i r i p yattl m u ~ l u gu l ~ p dicite with, e r , kigi:, x a g a n I S 6, II N 4;
'he went to bed and lay screaming with pain' I E 3, I1E 4; I E 40; I I N 7 ; T 10, 21,29, 49;
1056; 0.0. 1075, 1204, 1371, 1392, 1395, 1514, Ongin 3, 12; alpl: erdemi: 'hi8 bravery and
5650, 6092. 6289 of persons, 2327 of a lion: manliness' 1.t. 4; 0.0. do. 7 and 12; (Kiili Cor
XIV. 'Muh. nabahn'l-halb u:l~:- (mis-spelt was his Counsellor and anny commander)
n:lnn-) Met. 31, 1 1 : Ri/. 115; ~rrrbdhu'l-kalb' nlpl: bakest: erti: 'his brave and strong
u:h:mak ,124 (onlv): g a g . xv ff. ulu- ('with warrior' do. 17-(when a thing is thin i r is easy
P
 MON.
(see uquz) to crumple it up, but) yuyka kalrn tnsfararurol~u'he jumped down his throat as
bolsar top1agu:luk a l p errnig when the if he wished to pick a quarrel with him' KO$.I
thin becomes thick it is a t o u ~ hjob to crumple ttl~ ( a l v ~ r a : r ,a1vlrrna:k ?).
it up' T 13; a.0. T 1 4 ; (we came over the
Altay mountain forest and across the Ertig ' r r i s . A1,U
river) kelmigi: a l p 'it was ditTici~ltto cornc' 11 al@a:gut I k v . N. fr. *nlpa:- Ilcr~.1'. fr.
T 38: V I I I fT, alp 'brave' Irkll 40, 5 s ; a n t a g a l p ; 'warrior'. L -w. in Rlong, olhr~krrf(Korn.
alp m e n erclem1i:g r n m 'I atn so brave p4) whrrc i t \vns E11srly conncctrd \v. nlllnll
and manly' do. lo; hlan. a l p e[rngekler?] llcad tax' and used for 'sut>jcct,t:lxpaycr', and
'grievous sufferings' 7'7' 11 6, 6: Yen. a t s a r the like; rehorro\\ed in NE 'I'ob. nlpaglt:
a l p ertigiz 'you were powerful whet1 shooting' NW Kar. a l p a w t R I 430-1; Tat. alpavlt
Mal. 28, 2; alprn iiqiin erdemi:n iiciin do. 'householder, property owner'. Ttirkii V I I I
31, 2; 0.0. dubious: Uyg. vrrr ff. Man. a l p I N 7.11 E 31 (ugug), the word, which should,
'difficult' T T III 19 (damaged); a.o. do. 169 hy the context, be alpagu:t~:, was mis-spelt
(ada:): 13ud. a l p yhrcl suvqr 'a tough guide alpagu: in I and corrected to yi1pagu:tr:
and pilot' P P 23, 8 ; a l p a d a do. 38, 8 ; a l p (with front y-) in 11, but the yi- must he an
erdernlig 7'7' VI 347; (xtions) a l p kll- error: Uyg. vllrff. Bud. 01 D a n t l p a l ~
gulrrk a l p butiirguluk 'hard to perform and hl(l)l,g a l k u alpagutr blrle 'that king
hard to carry out' T T V 20, 8 ; a.o.0. qualify- Dantlpila, with all his fighting men' U IV.
ing persons and abstract ideas: Civ. a l p after 34, 63-4: All) S a g u n O g e A l p a g u t occurs in
an Ir~fin.'it is difficultto' T T I 78, 84; a.o. 160 a list of Proper Natnes in Pfnhl. 23, !4: Xak.
(edguluk); Alp as a component in Proper X I a1pa:got 01-t~r~rbdriz~r'l-b1111tna a brave
Names Usp. 36, I ; I I 1, 4 etc. : 0. Klr. I X ff. warrior'; in \-erne cluoted, a1pa:gutrn iipurdi:
Alp in I1.N. .tf(11. lo. 5 ; 16, I ; e r erdernirn i.~tiirnab!dlahrr 'chose his fighting men' KOJ.I
ucun alpun do. I I , y (dubious): Xak. X I a l p 144; a l p a k u t l n (sic) ab!dlahrr I11 422, 10:
a/-firclip 'brave' KO$. I 41 (prov. (see a l p k ) , srv Rbg. Xalxan a t l i g guca'atlrg a l p a g u t
verse); 1 238 (utleg-) and many 0.0. (i) as 'a brave warrior called Xalxan' R 1 4 3 3 : Kom.
Adj. 'brave'; (2) as Noun 'bwve warrior'; (3) slv 'soldier' a l p a w t CCG; Gr.: KIP. xv
as a coniponent in P.N.s like Toga: Alp E r and rr~rrxtnll 'dcstitute, tilentally disturbed' al-
Alp T e g i n : K B a l p e r 691; T o g a Alp Er p a w u t Tuh. 33b. 29 (prob. the Turkish trans-
277; a.o.0.: xrr(?) K B V P a l p y u r e k 'stout- lation of rnuslall and an Ar. word, perhaps
hearted' 51: xlrr(?) Tej. alp 'brave' 49: xlv mrrbdriz has fallen out of the MS. between these
Muh. al-ftrcd' a l p Mel. 13. 16; Rif. 89, 152; two words).
acdal (of a man) 'tough' a l p I 8, 2; 96; mu!rdrib
rua mubdriz 'w-arlike, aggressive' a l p 50, 9 1: a1a:ma:n Hap. leg.; general shape fixed by
(Rq. 145 yagt:~i:): Gag. xv ff. a l p (spelt) inclusion under the hcading afri'ril; no doubt
phlnrriin r n bnhridrrr 'hero, warrior', I'lur. a foreign I.-w., perhaps with prosthetic a-.
alplnr; a l p a r s l a n the name of a well-known Xak. XI ala:wn:n nl-timsii!~'c;ocodile' Kay. I
emperor, meaning $ir-i dilbnr 'heart-ravishing 140.
lion' Son. 49v. 23: X w a r . xlv rnhni a l p 'I'ris. V. ALB-
b a h a t u r thsiinler 'let them call nie a brave
warrior' Nalrc. 405, 8: KIP. s r l r 01-$rr~ii'a l p 11 a l l x r k a n - ReR. I>ell. V. fr. alp. Survives
Hotr. 26, J : S I Y a l p (spelt) ol-prcri' id. 21 : only(?) in NW IZaz. alblrgnn- 'to occupy
O s m . srv to sv1 a l p 'brave', in sex-era1 texts; oneself with simlcthing out uf boredom' R I
in two XVI dicts. described as Tkm. T T S 1 2 2 ; 435. UyR. V I I I ff. Uud. (if a woman who is
I1 30; I11 17; I V 19. pregnant) t u g u r u u m a d r n a l p ~ r k a n s a r
tSzi t u g u r m a z e r s e r 'makes great efforts(?)
Dis. ALB hecause she cannot give birth, and still cannot
bring forth her unborn child' USp. 1028. 4-5.
D alplrk A.N. fr. alp. N.0.a.b. Xak. xr K B
uvutka bolup korkllk alplrk k ~ l u r'out of Dis. ALC
shame a corral-d performs brave deeds' 2292
(cf. ogiine): SII!(?) Tef. (all the people of F a l u : ~a fruit, prob. 'the fruit of the Crntoegrrs
hlecca feared Omar) anrg alplrktndrn nzalolus, Neapc~iitanmedlar'; 1.-\v. cognate to
'bccause of his toughness' 49: xlv Mtrh. al- Pe. olri 'plum'. Survives only(?) in S W Osm.
-jucri'n 'bravery' alplrk (spelt in error with Xak. XI a l u : ~barrid (sic, not al-bnrtid 'cold',
-1;k) ~\frl.13, 16; Rif. 89: Osrn. x ~ alplrk
v (I) as in printed tcxt; Brockelmann may be right
'bravery'; (2) 'ohstinacy, resistance to the will in suggesting that it is an error for barqriq
of God' in t\vo tests T T S 122. 'apricot') Kn$. I 122: KIP. slv a l p : (sic; 'with
hack vowels') lamar ~ a c a r f i biliidi'l-trrrk
Dis. V. ALB- ,wbili bi'l-zrr'rtir 'a tree fruit in the Turkish
countrv like the medlar' id. 21: Osrn. X V I I ~
V U alvrr- Hap. leg.; the general shape of this aluc (spelt), in Ri?m,ti, zrr'r~ir-i rabali, in Pe.
word is fixed by its position between a n g a r - krihic 'nlountain medlar' Sate. 50r. 27.
(andgnr-) and atgiir- ; it is not clear from the
facsiriiile whether the Infin. was altered from D oliq irregular Dim. f. of ogul. N.o.a.1,.
-rne:k to -ma:k or vice versa hut the first is Karluk sr 0117 hnrf m/rnnnror rna tn'a!frlf
likelier. Xnk. X I o l anlg yii:zige: n l v t r d ~ : 'olfi'l-II~II~II
'an nffcction:~te(Iler~rl.)exclamn-
rcw!aba fi rc~ochilrif i f:al~ittt kn'nniralrlr yrrrid tion to children' ; o11e says oltqtm brr~myyn'my
 TRIS. ALC
dear child' K J ~1 .5 2 ; a.0. 11250, 4 (in a Sak. 13 alqak 'pcntle, rnild, hvmhle' in a laudatory
verse): xrv Mtrh. (in a list nf titlcs, etc.) mrn sense; survives in this meaning in NE: Alt.,
wulridi'l-malik 'a king's son' o:il:q Mel. 50, 4 ; ?'el. N 1 423: NC Klr.: N W Kaz. and S W
Rif. 143. 'I'km., but in SW Osm. and K n m it has
(recently ?) acquired a pejorative meaning 'low
D alql: N.Ag. fr. 1 a:]. N.0.a.b. Xak. X I KB (in stature or character), base, vile'. Prima
y a n a alyr bolsa klzll tilkii t e g 'again if he facie a N.1A.S. fr. alqa-, but this verb is very
is as crafty nc a red fox' 2312; b u a l ~ al j u n poorly attested, occurring only in Osm. Red.
'this dcceitf~tlworld' 5231 : X I V MII~I.(?) rn~rhfril 184, in a pejorative sense; the Pass. f. alyal-
'crafty' a:lq~: Rij. 157 (only). is, however, better attested in recent Osm.
dicts. In these circumstances it is possible
D 8151: N.Ag. fr. 1 6:l. S.i.a.m.1.g. T h e that alqa- is a back fonnation fr. alyak and
modern nieaning is 'ambassador, representa- that the latter is a Den. N. for an earlier
tive of government in foreign countries', and *altqak der. fr. a l t , but this depends on the
there is nothing in the early k x t s to suggest question whether the latter, q.v., is an ancient
that it ever had any other meaning, although word. See agak. Xak. X I al$ak al-halim'l-
in some Uyg. Civ. contracts it appears as a -?orif 'gentle, mild; graceful, polite' Kaj. I
Proper Narnc. It seems clear that in the early loo: a l p y a g ~ : d a : alqak yoB1:da: 'a man's
period it was not a hereditary title, but, like hraveness is tested only in the presence of the
bilge:, e:1 iige:si:, qavug, etc., an appoint- enemy, and the mildness of a mild man is
ment nornially held IIV a commoner and not a proved i n s quarrel' (!tilrnu'l-~~alimjtrrarrahfi'l-
member of the royal family. Cf. ya1a:vaq. -ciddf)Iqr, I I :k'B(ofthe Prophet) tiizun e r d i
See L)oe?f~r11 656. Uyg. V I I I ff. Rlan. the a l q a k klltnyl silig 'he was good and humble
word occun in two lists of high dianitariea, and his conduct was pure' 43; 0.0. 703, 2231
tegriken kunquy [ t a l r x a n t6gitler 6lqi (alqak a m u l 'gentle and peaceable'), 2295:
bilgeler 'devout consorts, iarxans, princes, XIII(?) Tef. alqax g a r d a n l a r ~a g a k b o l u p
ambassadors, and counsellors' M 11136, 5 (ii); 'their humble necks (Pe. I.-w.) were bowed
t a r x a n k u n q u y l a r tegriken tCgitler [el down' 50: xrv Rhi. alyak a m u l tuzlin klllk
olgesi 61yi b i l g e l e r M I11 34, 6-7: Bud. 'humble, peaceable, and well-behaved' R 1 6 4 9
Clqi bilgeler are mentioned in Kuan. 129-30 (amul): Gag. xv ff. alqak past wa drin wa
in a long list of kinds of people, starting with nazil 'humble, lowly' Son. 5 0 r I I : KIP. xv
Buddhas, Pratyekabuddhas, etc., they come mtrtawcidi' 'gentle, meek' a l g a k Tuh. 3 3 s r ;
between 'ordinary preachers' (see Cgil) and (in a list of Advs. of position) agaklalgak
before hrahmans, but the list does not seem w@i 'low' do. 7 3 b I I ; (in a similar list; 'high'
to be in any logical order: Civ. one of the yiiksek, buyuk) scijl "low' algak, which also
parties to the contract in USp. 28 was called means wa?i4hunible' Kav. 36, 8: Osrn. xrv to
filqi and so were witnesses to do. 19 (, 9) and xvr alqak (once xrv algax) 'humble, mild' in
34(, 13); an filqi t i r i is mentioned in do. 4, 7: several texts; alqak od 'a gentle fire' (xv);
0.K l r . rx R. a t l m 8 1 T o g a n T11tuk ben, a l q a g r a k 'low-lying' (ground) (xvr) T T S I
tegri: Qlimke: Clqi:si: e r t i m , altt: b a g 17; I1 26, l o ; III 14; IV 16.
bodunka: b e g e r t i m 'niy name was El
'I'ogan Tutuk; I was the ambassador for my
sacred reslm and hcg of the Alt~: 13a:i: (see T r i s . ALC
1 hn:g) peoplc' .&la/. I , z (should he I , I ) ; ?F ala:qu: 'tent, hut'. Later forms usually
RIyi: <jar Kliq B a r s Proper Name do. 14, I : have final - k ; this inconsistency suggests that
Xak. X I KB (a monarch requires helpers and) it is a I.-w. Survi1.e~w. phonetic changes and
ukugllg biliglig b i r g ~6lqller 'understand- nearly always with -k, usually meaning 'a hut
ing, wise, sage ambassadors' 427 (sic?, but in made out of branches of trees' in some NE
KB'amhssnador' is normally ya1a:vaq): xrr~(?) languages ('ruv. alacl); N C Kir.; several NU'
Tef. Clci, 6lqii 'ambassador, envoy' 76: xrv languages including Kar. and S W Osrn. (with
Muh. a/-ras~il'envoy, ambassador' klqi: Alel. eight or nine slightly different forms in xx
57, 12 (Rij. 156 savqr:): G a g . xv ff. 6lqi Anat. SDD 87, 89, 91, 93, 94, 95, 522, 523)
rasril wa barid 'ambassador, messenger' Sun. See Doerfer I1 519. U y g vrrr ff. Bud.
I I I V . 14 (quotns.): X w a r . xrrr(?) (Okuz Xan H a r i q a n d r i tPgin alaqu t u s u s l n d a (mean-
send his commands to the four corners of the ingless, ?amend to tuglnda) y o r l y u r e r k e n
world, he wrote what he wished to make known 'while he was walking about opposite(?)
and) Clqllerike b e r i p y i b e r d i (or y ~ b a r d l ) Prince IIarichandra's tent' U 1116, 1-2 (iii):
'gave it to his ambassadors and sent it off' Xak. XI ala:qu: a/-fcizn wa'l-fustdl 'a tent with
OR. 104-5: xrv elg 'envoy' (sent to collect two poles; a large tent made of coarse fabric'
tribute from subordinate rulers) Quth 49; Kaj. I 136 (between ule:tu: and a b a : ~ ~ : ) :
Nahc. 77, 1 2 : Kom. x ~ v'envoy' elqi C C I ; Gag. xv ff. alayuk ('with -7-') the name as a g
Gr.: KIP. X I I I 01-rastil 6:ICi: tnuZtaqq nliiia'l- 6y, already mentioned, that is 'a tent (xajma)
-sa'y fi'l-ftrlh 'a compound word from en- which nomads (sahrdnifincin) make from poles'
deavour for peace' Hotr. 25, 6: xrv (after 61) ( ~ t i b h ~Sun. ) ' 49r. I ; a.o. 205r. 19 (1 qa:t~r).
hence 01-ras~ilri'lln~iyotlitb~r'l-frtlh 'the am- K o m . xrv 'hut' alayuk C C I ; Gr. Osm. xrv-
hassador wlto asks for peace' is called 61~1: xvrr alacuk/alaquk specifically 'a nomad's
id. 20: xv hrrridi rcla'l-sci'i 'messenaer, cow- hut' in several texts T7:Y I 16; I1 23; 11113;
rier' 6 l ~ TIIII.
i 821. I ; rastil clqi 161). 4. Iv 14.
8811125 F
V U F a1u:ql:n Ilap. leg.; n o douht a I.-w., 1250. I,.-\\. in I'e., see I)oer/rr I1 618. Uyg.
proh. fr. Chinese with prosthetic a - . X a k . VIII 11. Bud. Glut d l i i r m e k karmapatlrfi 'the
XI alu:$l:n nabt la11rr an6hih yc~'hol'an edihle sin (Sanskrit I.-w.) of murder' (.I III 4, 13-14;
plant with a knotted steni' Koj. I 138. y i n i n oliit oliircllmiz e r s e r 'if me have
riu~rdererla (living) lrody' T7' 11' 8, 08; 0.0.
T r i s . V. ALC- U III 4, 6-12 (cvril-): X a k . X I Glut a/-gird1
'killing, tnurder' Kai. I 52: xlv Muh.(?)
1)?I: ala:qu:lan- Ilap. leg.; Rcfl. L)eri. 1'. fr. 01-ci~ndd 'innniniate' (opposite to al-hnj~radtr
nla:qu:. X a k . X I (in a granimatical section) ' a ~ i i n ~ : ~tt ien' l ~ g )ii:le:t Rif. 138 (only): CAE.
e r ala:qu:lnnd~: itto.mc/n'l-rncrrlrr'l-/(izn 'the s v ft. iilet 'pestilence, epirlrnric' ( n t a r ~ i )Son.
tnan p r o c \ ~ ~ endtent with t \ \ 0 poles' KO$.I I I Xgv. 20: K I ~ xv . {oriti 'nri~iiliilnt~on'
iilet Tuh.
205, 16. 271, 9: O s t n , slv H. o l e t 'rl)itlcm~cdcath';
in several texts T T S I 563; I1 748; I V 623.
M o n . ALT
e l t as in the cases of 3 a l and a s t , there is altl: 'six'; ~.i.a.~,.a.l.;
conirnon in T i i r k i i vlrl:
grave doubt whether this is really an indepen- Uyg. vrrr, vr11tT. Hud.: srv Chin.-Uyf. Llicl.
dent ancient word. If it was it niennt 'the I.igrti 128: 0. Klr. IX IF.: X n k . X I and K l j :
bottoni, or lower surface (of something)'. It ~ I I I ( ? Tt./
) : s l v iMr111.: (tag. s v ff.: X w a r .
has been suqgested that a l t l n , astrn, which Qrrth; A f T ; A'alrc.: Kom. s ~ v KIP.
: SIII-sv:
is synonymous with it, and iistiirl, which is O s m . X I V 11..
often used in antithesis to it, all carry the I> nlta:g N.Ac. fr. nlta:-; sy~, R.., arid in
suffix -dun/-dun/-tun/-tun, etc., which is U y t . apparently used only in Fiend. w . , I a:l;
clearly recognizable in words like o g d u n and originally rather neutrally 'device, method of
kedin, and that these are srases of *alttln, doing something'; later only pcjorativcly
*asttln, *iisttiir~. 'I'his is correct, 'deceit, guilc, dirty trick'. S.i.a.rn.l.g., but
but it does involve assurniny that a l t and a s t rare in SE and ill S W Osni. olily in s x Anat.,
are in a class by themselves, and different from S D D 94: I'kni. a:ldav. U y g . vIrt ff. Man.
iq and 2 ta:g which are the bases of com- T T 11165, 122 (1 a:l): Btld. Srm. 363, 20-1,
parable fonns lqtln and tagtln but are also etc. (1 a:l): G a g . s v fT. a l d a g aldnnlnk L'cl. 26
normal N./X.s, since they are used only in (quotn. h i l a s l qok a l l w a a l d e g l k o p ) ;
suffixed forms. If this is correct, then alqak, a l d a k farib 'deceit', syn. w. 1 a:I Son. Sor. 13
q.v., can also be regarded as a crasis of *altqak !V+.'s quotn. under 1 n:l): X w a r . xlv a l d a g
and dcrived from this word. T h e only trlck, deceit' Qutb 7.
~nedicvalforms of this word, always in suffixed
form, are in Tej. Kom. and KIP. In modern V17D o l d u k Pass. N.1A.S. fr. old1:- X s k . X I
la~igunnesthere is some cotifusion between a l t o l d u k a t 'a iiorse (etc.) which is unshod' (al-
and 3 nl, but suffixed fonns of a l t meaning -!~vifi) K a l . I r o t : sirr(?) Tef, MGsB e l i g
'below' certainly occur in some N E , N W , and u z a t d l y l l a n t e g oltluk~n'i t u t d l 'Nloses
St\' Innguages, and similar forms of a s t with stretched out his hand and grasped his (staff)
the sanie meaning in SE, NC. S C , and some as stiiooth as a snake' 236.
NiV languages. (Xak.) X I I I IF. Tef. a l t l n a ,
a l t ~ n d n , a l t t n d l n 'beneath, from beneath' 1) a l t m l g 'sixty'; der. f. altl: \\ith the un-
are noted after nouns under a l t l n 49: K o m . usual suflix - m l v . S.i.a.m.1.c. including vuv.
slv nltlnda 'subordinate to him' C C G ; Gr. ot1r1Rl/utmi4l Ash. I11 333. but excluding the
36: KIP. ~ I I (in I the grn~iitiinticalpnrf) 'as for NI< Innctlnges which have n l t a n anti other
k r . word raht "below, under", ~ t s root crnses of altl: o:n, nnd Yakut a l t a u o n Pek.
(aslrrhli) in 'Turkish is a l t ~('\vitli back -I-'), if 81. T i i r k i i V I I I tE Yen. t o k u z a l t m l g e r
you wish to say talctoll you say nltlnda:, 'fifty-nine ~iien'At'ol. 48, 3 : 8.0. 26, 10: Uyg.
tnlrt~~krrvrnlttglzda: (and other examples) vrlr ff. Civ. n l t m l g 'sixty' TT V I I I L. 6. 7 ;
Hou. 53. 8 if.: X I V (under 'adverbs of position') US^. 6, 6 ; 57, 5; 74, I I ; Yaztligird el(t)ig
m11t alttnda: Bill. 14, 4: s v (ditto) tnlct nltl: sari! iiq y u z t a k l s e k i e a l t m i g 'the year 358
Kav. 35, 6; taht alt Ttch. 8b. 10; 7 3 b 9 in the era of Yazdigird' T T V I I 9, 11-13:
(follo\ved by two examples with Suffs.) 0. Klr. rx ff. e l t m r g y a g ~ m d a 'in : my sixtieth
year' Mal. 1 , I (should be, I , 2); a l t n u g at
b i n t i m 'I rode sixty horses' (in the course of
M o n . V. ALD-
my life) do. q r , 9: X a k . XI KLI ( I have reached
Clt- See Clet-. the age of fifty and) o k l r e m d i a l t m i $ m a g a
k e l t e y u 'sixty is now summoning nie, saying
Dis. ALD "come!" ' 366; a.o.0. esp in chapter headings:
D o l u t IIap. leg.; Dev. N./A. fr. 1 01- X a k . XIII(?)%f. n l t m l g 50: xlv MII/I. sitttin 'sixty'
X I o l u t e r 'a n>ature, stout (01-knhlu'l-~virr) a l t m i g IMrl. 81, 14; Rif. 187: Gag. xv ff.
nion' Kny. I 52. a l t m t g farcc-i lnyhnr ki ba-'unruvin ;arh b m n d
'n dctnchnient of troops which they place at
1) iilut (olrit) Dev. N. in - u t (here Caus.) fr. the Ijcnd (of tlic army)'; alau the riumher
61-; 'killing, murder'. In the medieval period ' s.~ s t y Sort. sor. 3 : Klp. xnr siftitl a l f m l g
becan~e61et. usually meaninu 'epidemic; sud- Hotr. 22, 13: S I V sifttin a l t t n i ~ g(sic) Bul. 12,
den denth'. This s.i.ni.n>.l.q., but iiliit, w. 13: xv ditto h'r~rt. 39. 6 ; 65, q : a t n u g (sic)
sanic rnr:!niriy, survivcs in NE Alt., 'l'el. R I Trrlr. 69b. 10.
 DIS.
the did, which is presur~iahlyat1 error for a e l e t m e : k ) ; o i keqlgni: su:v e l c t t l : 'tlit. water
cazm over the d21 and a dnmmn over the r2'. carried away (ndlraba bi-) that ford' I 309, 24;
N.0.a.h.; S W ss Anat. ilezik 'rue' is more Q l t i p 'carrying away' II 263, 21: KN Pietu
likely to he a corruption of yu:ze:rllk, q.v., m a r j a a p t c l u n y i s o z i n 'the world brought
than of this word. 'I'he situation is further and explained its words to I ~ I C ' 82; b u $ t l ~ k
con~plicated by the fact that in I11 12 it is y a v u z e r k e e l t u r b l l i g 'a hacl temper de-
l l d r u k and not i l r u k that is described as prives the wicked rnan of ktiowledae' 335 0.0.
being ill the language of Us and Bangan. of 6 l e t - 3885, 3976, ctc.; of Plt- 2267, 2492,
X a k . X I i l d r i i k a/-harmnl 'rue' Kay. III 412; etc.: X T I I ( ? )7'pj. elt-/&It- 'to hring', etc. 75:
a.0. I11 12, 22 (ylcjtg) -Uq X I i l r i i k ol-!mrrnol (:aR. xv ff. Clt- (-ti, etc.) i l ~ t -lirl, 76 (qurrtns.);
110s. Plt- hrrrrlnrr 'to carry', etc. S o n . I r t r . 2 0
(quotns.): X w n r . X I I I Plt- 'tn carry of1 "Ali 7,
L) o l d r u m abbreviated N.S.A. fr. o l d u r - etc. : xlv Plt- 'to bring' Qrrtb 50; dlet- do. 58,
( o l u r - ) ; lit. 'a single act of sitting'; but AfN 128; Nohc. 37, 5 ; 238, 6 ; 249, 9 :
actually 'crippled. iricapahle of stnriding up'. K I P . X I I I runtid3 ?nrinn'l-lnrivfiya li'l-goy' ild'l-
N.0.a.t). Xnk. X I o l d r u m (vocalized oldrtrron -makCni'l-trrrrsnyyor ilaylri 'to send, in the
in the MS., but in a section containing dis- sense of sending something to the place to
syllables with the first syllable ending in two which it should be sent' e l t - , eltii: b e r -
consonants) a/-tnrrg'ad mino'l-nds 'a crippled (unvocalized) H o ~ r 44, . (1: x ~ 7cccclrlrj
v Plet- Ilrrl.
person' K a f . III 412: X I V Hbg. (he saw that 88v.: s v ditto dlt- Z'rrh. 381,. 5 : O s m . X I V
sorne were blind, some Inme, some in pain) i l e t - (solnetimes in verse ilt-) 'to carry, to
k i n m i o l t u r u m 'sorne crippled' R I l o y r ; bring, to carry away'; c.i.a.p. TTS 1 3 7 3 ; 11
M ~ r h .(after 'lame' a x s a k ) ol-mrrq'ird o l t u r u m 525; 111364; I V 4 1 7 .
~Mel.48, 5 ; Rij. 142.
D u l a t - Caus. f. of u1a:-; 'to order (someone
D i s . V. ALD- Dat.) to join (something Acc., to something
6let- (Felt) the basic meaning seems to be, Dot.)'. S.i.s.m.l. X a k . SI 01 y ~ u:lattr:
p (sic)
physically 'to carry', b u t with several extended arvsaloh~r ij,Chu'l-!rob/ 'he ordered him to tie
nleanings like 'to bring (something Acc.), to the cord' Koj. I 2 1 3 (u:latur, u1atma:k; u-,
carry a\\-ay (something Acc.)'. I t is riot clear not u:-, is corrcct, thc section ctintains verbs
whether the word was originally monosyllabic n i t h txvo short vou-els).
o r dissyllahic, and, if t h e latter, whether the D 1 u l l t - Caus. f. of 1 ul1:- 'to make (an
second voivel was -e- o r -i-, but- o n balance
it was proh. originally Qlt-. S.i.a.m.l.g. with animal cir R person) honl, screat~l', and the
phorietic variations. T u r k i i ~ I I I y a r ~ k l l g like. Survives only(?) in h113 I<hak., N C I<tr.,
k ~ n t a nk e l i p yafin: eltili: s u g u g l i g k a n t a n I<zx. X a k . X I 01 anr: u r u p u : l ~ t t ~(lorabalrrr
:
k e l i p s u r e : eltdi: 'Whence came the man Irnttd a'zccilrrr 'rrrud'a'l-&'b 'he beat him until
in amlour, routed you and carried you off? he ~ n a d ehitn howl like a wolf' ICap. I 213
(u:lrtur, u l r t m a : k ; the u:- is an error, see
\Vhcnce came the lancer, drove you and car- u l a t - ) ; bu: e r 01 t t l n ulrt2a:n 'this man con-
ried you off?' I E 23; I1 E 19; b u siig e l t
tPdl: 'he said, "take this a m ~ y "' T 32: ~ I I ff. I
stantly makes his d o g hark' (y~rnbi!~kallrohtr)
eclgu: s 6 z s a v elti: ke1i:r 'he comes bringing I 156, y_:KB (the bad-tempered man) u l r t u r
k i ~ i gs o g s e n q s a t i l i g 'makes people scream
good tidings' I r h R 7, I r : h4an. (gap) o l u r g e l l
P l i t s e r 'if they bring (sheep) to slaughter when he opens his mouth and curses' 342; 0.0.
them' RI III 33, I (ii); 8.o. do. 6, 2-3 (iii) 1463. j521, 5738, 6264. 6369 (:ill of persons).
(utlt:): Yen. o n a y Pltdi: o g i i m o g l a n \'UIl 2 u l ~ t -IIap. leg.; Caus. f. of 2 * d l : - .
t u g d l m 'I was born a child, whom lny A p ~ r tfrom a possible sitrvival trf that V. in
mother had carried (in her womb) for ten S E (see uln:-) this V. and u l l n - , q.v., which is
months' ~ l l n l .2 0 , 5 ; sanie phr. muddled 28, 7 : conimoner, are the only rcpreseritntivcs of tliis
U y g . vrlr ff. RIan. e d g i i n l r v a n k a y a k l n group of V.S. X a k . XI 01 an19 b o y n ~ nu : l ~ t t l :
Plttigiz 'you have brought us near to the good (sic) nlrc~i'rmrrqnltu 'he twisted his neck'; hlso
trirrd!m' TT 11152: Chr. (why does o u r horse used of twisting anything else Kay. I 213
stand still itnahle to carry i t ? ) Q l t g e l l u m a g a y (u:lltur, u11tma:k; the u:- is an error, see
b i z 'we chall be unable to carry it away' U I ulnt-).
8, 7: Hud. Sanskrit ne;pti 'he will lead'
Pltkey (so spelt) TT I'III D . r o ; uhyate 'is D iilet- Caus. f. of ule:-; 'to have (somcthing
carried, conveyed' e l t u r (sic) do. F . y ; m e n Acc.) divided and distributed (to people Dal.)'.
s i z l e r n i k u q e p e l i t m e z m e n 'I a m not taking Survives only(?) in NE Khak., T u v . X a k . X I
you (with me) by force' PP 32, 5-6; m e n 01 qrfia:ykn: y a r m a : k iilettl: amara bi-
ybrqilep Q l i t g e y m e n ' I will act as guide and -tawzi'i'l-dartilrim tun iafriqil~d 'olii'l-frrgard'
take you (with me)' do. 60, 2 ; a.o.o., sometimes 'he gave orders for t h e money to he divided
spelt 61t- U 11 25, 18 ( a l t ~ n ) ;U I11 16, 20; and distributed to the poor' Kay. I 214
PP 52, 3, etc.; TT V 10, 85-6; 20, 3 ; Sriu. ( u l e t i i r , u1etme:k).
138, l o : Cix.. (thc Indian monk-gap-) 6ltii
t a v g a q k a k e l l p 'canle to China bringing . . .' I> o11t- Cnus. f. of 01l:-; 'to moisten, o r wet
TT VIZ I.+, 2 : X a k . sr 01 ka:gu:n evke: (something Arc.)'. Apparently survives only
Pletti: dohabn hi'l-hn!!rr ilri haytihi 'he carried in NE l'u1.. o t - and SW xx Anat. uliit- SDII
the tlrelon off to his house' h-ag. I 2 1 4 (Pletiir. IS^ I . Other r.inlilar fir! ~ n slike Nl*: IZhak.
 D I S . V. A L D - I33

ollet- are Caus. f.s of 6lle:- (see GI{:-). Xak. D a l t u r - Caus. f. of a l - ; ploperly 'to order
X I o l to:n olltti: 'he wetted (hnlln) the gar- (someone Dot.) to take (something Acc.)', but
ment' (etc.) Kaj. I 214 (Blitiir, 0lltme:k); in some modern languages 'to allow (something
a.0. I1 324, r r : xlv Muh. balla filth- ICIP~.24, Acc.) to he taken from oneself'. S.i.a.m.l.g.
4 ; Rif. to5 (mis-spelt 6:f-): Gag. xv ff. 01Ut- Cf. altuz-. Xak. xr m e n a n d a n yarms:k
(spelt) tor knrdon 'to.wet, moi~ten'Snn. 8 4 r a l t u r d u m 'I ordered that the money should
I 2 (quotn.): KIP. xlrl balla iillt- liou. 38, to: be taken (hi-axd) from him' Kag. I 223
O s m . xlv and xv 6Wt- 'to wet' in several ( a l t u r u r m e n , alturma:k): Gag. xv ff. al-
texts T T S I 563; I1 749; I V 624. d u r - Caus. f. gircnidan rca pri/rljr kardan 'to
order to take, to have (someone) made a
E aliit- 'to kill'. 'I'his word has I>een crro- prisoner' Son. 46r. 22 (quotns.): X w a r . X I I I
neously read in l'iirkti vrrr T 3. 'I'he photo- a l d u r - 'to order to take' 'Ali 35: xrv ditto
graphs, which are clear, show that the actual Qirtb 7 ; 'to h a w taken from one' Nahc. 3 2 ~ ~ 4 :
word in the inscription i s Btmc$, hut there is O s m . xrv ff. aldlr-laldur- in several texts
a small crack in the stone 6etwccn 6 and t TT,S I 19; 11 28.
which has heen taken for an 1. The text reads
(you abandoned your xaiorz and surrendered D ~ l d u r - iltur-
, preliminary note. The same
(to the Chinese). Because You surrendered) inconsistencies of vocaliaotion orcur in these !roo
ter~ri:o t m h e r f n 'I-ieaven,
~ no doubt, aban- verbs as occllr in 11- and il-, hut there is no
doned you'.
ewidence of the vocalization of the first in KB
D alta:- D ~V, ~fr, ,1 a:l; I a:l and and tile cfl&./orm of the second looks like a Sec.
alta:g, q.v., were originally neutral in meaning /. of altur-. The Infin. of thefirst is apparmtiy
and only later hccame pejorative, aka:- spelr -ma:k, lnfrrcorrec!rd to -me:k in the M S .
always meant 'to deceive, trick, cheat (some- of Ka?.
one)', with a few extended meanings likc 'to
soothe (a child), to console' in some modern V U D ildur- Caus. f. of 11-; 'to order (some-
languages. S.i.a.m.1.g. See Do~rfir I1 533. one Acc.) to descend (from somewhere Abl.);
U y g . vrrr ff. Civ. a l l ~ g F e v i ~ H g kigiler to bring (something Acc.) down'. Survives
altayu t u r u r 'resourceful (Ilcnd.) mcn are as ildir- in NC Ktr., KXX. Xak. XI 01 ani:
constantly deceiving you' TT I 26; y a e l ta:gdin ~ l d u r d t :'he ordered him to descend
yavlak a l t a y u r 'enemies and wicked people (anzalahrr) from the mountain'; also spelt with
deceive you' do. 39: X I V Chin.-(Jyi. Dict. 'to -n-, endiirdi: Kaj. I 224 (ildurur, ~ l d u r -
deceive' alcla- R I 412 (only): Xak. xr 01 ma:k; see above): KL3 u l u g t a g b a s i n
yag8:nl: alda:di: xadn'n'l-'ndirww hi-kayd wa yerke ildriir egip 'the great mountain lowen
makr 'he deceived the enemy by stratagems its head to the ground bowing' 2647; in roo3
and tricks' KO& I 273 (alda:r, a1da:ma:k); the Vienna MS. has ildriir for Bndriir.
nldap yana: kaqtlmtz 'we escapcd them again
by tricks and deception' 1 4 j 2 , 13: xrrr(?) Tqf. D iltiir- Caus. f. of il-; 'to order (someone
alda- 'to deceive, trick' 48: Gag. xv ff. alda- Dot.) to hang up (something Acc.)'. with
(spelt) fnrib didan ditto ,!nrr. 48r. rg (quotn.): extended meanings like 'to fasten, hook, but-
X w a r . xrv ditto Quth 7; Nahc. 402, 7: Kom. ton' in some modem languages. S.i.a.m.1.g.
x ~ vditto CCI, CCG; Gr.: Krp. xrrr &rra except SE(?). X a k . X I 01 m a W : keyik
srina'~-fi1,r,7r bi'/.lti/a to deceive hy tricks' iltiirdi: amarani hi-ta'liqi'l-yaydfi't-hibila 'he
alda:- ffou. 42, 17: xrv alda- ('with back ordered me to hang the game up in a noose';
vowels') xada'o fd. 21 : xv ditto Tuk. 14h. 7; also used for hanging anything UP Kay. 1 2 2 4
za#" 'to in the meaning of a[-xodiro (iltiirilr, i1tiirme:k): Gag. xv ff. rldur-
yalda- do. ~ 7 o: , ~ osm.
. X l v ff. a l d a - Caus. f. hand kardan rua girZnidan 'to tie up,
to order to take' Sun. 1 lor. 7.
'to deceive, trick' is cornrnon until x v r ~and
occurs sporadically Inter T T S 1 1 8 ; 11 26; 111
14; I V 16 (now replaced by aldat-). , oltur- Caus. of ol-; #tocause to
f,

or mature; to cook thoroughly'. Survives only

V~ oldl:- go barefoot, unshod,; to in SW Osm. Xak. XI 01 e9lF i v e : e t oIturdl:
but cf, olduk. Xak. xt a t oldl:dl: harro'a'l-lahm fi'l-qidr 'he boiled the meat to
!la~vl-firas llorse was unshod7 K ~ I ~ rags , in the cooking pot'; also used for wearing
273 ~ ~ l d nldr:ma:k);
~ : ~ , izlik balsa: er out (abln'a) clothing, etc. Kay. I 223 (olturur,
oldl:ma:s 'if a Inan has shoes, he docs not 01turma:k): (Osm. and .uv the earl?
barefoot' (Iri yn!!fi riclrrhu) I 104, 24. occurrences of o l t u r - in T T S I 541 are Caus.
f.s of 2 01- (bol-)).
D eltin- Refl. f. of Blet-. Survives only(?) S 2 o l t u r - See olur-.
in NW Kar. eltin- 'to he carried, brought,
sent' R I 826; Kom. 183. 'Uyg. vrtr ff. Bud. D Illdiir-loltiir- Caus. f. of 01-, later than
Sanskrit antimad~hndhiri (a sage) who is Sliir-, q.v.; 'to kill'. S.i.a.m.l..e. Xak. xr 01
wearing his last (human) body' eg kenki ogrl:nl: iildiirdi: qatala'l-sdriq wa anzdfohu
etSz6g 6 l t i n d e : ~ i TT V I I I A.48; u l u g 'he killed (Hend.) the thief' Kas. I zzq
a r v q l a r 61(1)1gin t u t s a r l a r Bltinserler 'if (Bldiiriir, 01diirme:k); a.o. 1 522, 7: KB
they grasp and curry (with them) the great 2292 (ogiinq): XIII(?)Tef. Bldiir-/Blttir- 'to
king of spells' U 1173, 5 (ii). kill' 244-5: xrv Rbg. 3 6 r 8 (u8ra:-); Aduh.
 D I S . V.
qntnln iildilr- Alrl. I 3, I 7 ; 30, 0 ; Rtf. 80, I 14; VU?f) iilc:tii: 'silk Iiiln~lkerrliief'; perhaps
a[-mtortnyyit (an attribute of God) o:ltliirge:n Uev. N. fr. iilet- in t h r sense of a scrriotl of a
44, l o ; 137: S;a& xvff. oltiir- ( - d i ; imfila large piece of silk fahric divided into rqual
ile i.e. with front vowel<?) iildiir- Vr/. I 17; parts. Survivec only(?) in S\V xu Annt. a l e t u
n l t i h - ktrjtnn 'to kill' Son. 82v. I 5 (quotns.): a word Crlr 'silk handkerchief' 115ed1,y 'l'i~rk-
X w a r . ~ I I iildiir-/oltur-
I 'to kill' 'Ali 7, 24: men, S D I ) 192. UyQ. vlrl If Civ. iiletii(front
x r ~ r ( i ) iildiir- 0g. 40 a.0.n.: srv oltiir- vo\vcls) occurs twice in I#'ntrt. Arrh.; b l r
Qrcth 123, AlN 171, eft.: K o m . xrv 'to kill' iiletii ( p ~ ~ r c h n s cwith
d ont. crthrr article for 4
tildiir-liiltur- CCG; Gr.: KIP. xrrr qatala bokrrs) 1. 55; u q iiletii ( p u r c h a ~ r dwith two
o l d i i r - !ion. 33, 18: xrv iiltiir- nwt31a !d. 20; other articles for 6 hnbrrs) I. 144: X n k . sr
qatnln iildiir- Brrl. 75r.: xv ditto iiltiir- G o . tile:tii: 'a piece of silk (qit'u ltnrir) which n man
75, 14; Ttth. 3ca. 6 ; mtrmayj~ili i l t i i r g e n do. keeps in his pockct to wipe his nose with'
32r. 2. KO$. 1 1 3 6 .
13 Pltig- Co-op. f. of Blet-. Survives onlv(?) P U ? FP l t e b e r :I titlr for a t r ~ i > :ruler
~ l suhordi-
in N\V I<az. ilte$-. U s & vllr fT. Civ. nate to a s r ~ p r r i n rrc~lrr. N.n.;~.l,.in 'l'r~rkish
k111[k1 ter]gi$ k l ~ ib i r l e eltI?,$uqi 'his texts, but very common in C:hinr.ic historical
character is difficult(?) and brings him into texts transcribed clrich (or ssrl) li .fn (G'iles
conflict(?) with others' T T V I I 17, 6-7; y a t 1,472 o r 10,281 6,885 3,376). I n spite of the
k i g i l e r s a n a y a k l n C l t l ~ m i $k l g l l e r kogiill dissimilarity of their modern pronuncihtions,
t e r i g (ambiguous, probably) 'the ~ n i n d s of there is n o reasonable douht that R4iiller was
people who bring strangers near to you are right in mnking this identification in U 1194.
deep' do. 30, 10-1 I . Frob. a I.-w., if not a compound of 1 &:I and
the Aor. in - r of a verb which might h a w heen
I) a l t u z - Caus. f. of a l - ; n.n.a.b. Cf. a l t u r - . *teb- o r *rev- (bur not the familiar t e v - 'to
T i i r k i i vrrr [gap] t u t u z t l : ekl:si:n ozi: pierce'). See Dorrfcr I 1 6 5 5 T i i r k t i vrrr
.
altuzdr: 'he ordered . . to grasp, and himself (Kiil T f p i n captured) A z e l t e b e r l g 'the
ordered that hoth of them should be taken' Cltebrr of the Az' I N 3 ; U y g u r e l t e b e r I1 E
I E 38 (here perhaps an Emphatic rather than 37; [ K a r l u k e l t l e b e r II E 40 (restored from
a Caus. V.): O R u z xr the O h z sometimes use the context); b u n g a : bed1zqi:n T o y g u n
-z- instead of - r - ; hence they say 01 t a v a : r e l t e b e r ke1ii:rti: "l'oygun, tKe tltrber, brought
a l d u z d i : 'his property was stolen and carried all these decorators' I N E ; a.o. Ix. 21: Uyg.
.
off'(!trtribn . . rua suiiho; lit. 'he let his property vrIr b e n b[. .. e l l t e b e r $a. edge.
be taken'); its origin (nsltrhrr) ir, aldl: he took'
K q . TI 87, 17 ff ; n.m.e.: Kzp. xtv a l t a g u : P U D C Blteberlig Ilap. leg.: P.N./A. fr.
a l a k s a : a l t l n d a k ~ na l f u z u r 'if a group of six Blteber. T i i r k i i v r ~ reki: e l t e b e r l l g b o d u n
people disagree, that which is beneath them (gap) 'two tribes ruled hy Pitchers' I1 E 38.
is tnken frorii them' (j,rr'ossnd mirrhtmi; 'lit.
'they let .. . he taken') Id. 22. D o l i i t ~ i :N.i\g, fr. Bliit; 'one who dclihe-
ratcly takes life, murderer, exccutioncr'.
N.o.a.1,. Uyg.v111ff. Chr. U I g , 1 7 ( b u k a g u -
T r i s . AI,D lu&p): I?i~d.(that brg, havinq become hex of
1) o l a : t ~ :prnh. Ger. in -I: fr. u l a t - ; used in the town) e r t e k e d iiliitcl bolt11 'soon became
two ways: ( I ) nftcr one o r more N.s o r P.N.s, r e r v prone to taking life' Surr. 4, 9-10; (who-
sometimes linked I,y -11: .. .
-11: or, less often, ever for a long time) iiliitql b o l s n r 'is a taker
of life' U I11 4, I I ; 1.7' Y l 89 (kl:nq~:): Xak.
in the Lot., meaning 'et cetera' (see v . G.
ATG, para. 287); (2) occasionally, prob. only X I (after iiliit) hence 01-qdtil 'a killer' is called
in translations fr. other languages, as a Con- oliitqi: KO?.1 5 2 : KB 1737 (bassmgt:).
junction rricaning 'and' (see do., para, 4!5). S altlnqr: Scc a l t l n q .
N.0.a.h. T i i r k i i vlrr ff. (we, persons of drst~nc-
tion, thirty in all have arrived) at]: t)z A:pa: D a l t l n k ~ :N./A.S. fr. a l t ~ n 'situnted
; helow'.
l'clto:k uln:tl: 'one named i)z A:pa: Totok Both this and the later form a l t l n d a k ~ ,
and the rest' Tun. I V 6-9 (ET Y 1196) : U y g . first noted in I c ~ p . , see altcrz-, s.i.c.nl.1.
v r r ~ff. >Ian. u z t e b u z t a u l a t ~u k i i ~t e l i m U y g . vrrr ff. RRlan. u s t i i n k i a l t ~ n k tl e g r i l e r
n ~ z v a n e l a r 'the many (Hend.) passions of 'the gods s ~ t u a t c d above and beneath (the
anger (liend.), etc.' T T I11 33; a.0. M 11136, earth)' TT I11 169: Civ. a l t t n k l TT V I I I
3 (i): llucl. k o y l a g z t n u l n t l t r n l l g l a r l a L.23, 43: itstiinki a l t t n k ~ t a p l a d s 'those
'living creatures, sheep, pips, etc.' PP 3, 2; above and beneath were pleased' T T I 128:
n$ll kaglc u l a t ~ 'mother and father, etc.' (Xak.) srrr(?) 1i.f. a l t ~ n & ~ / a l t ditto ~ n k ~50.
Sin.. 554, 13: yliz m i 9 t u t n e n u l n t t 'a hun-
dred, thousand, ten thotlsand, etc. times' T T D a l t u n l u g P.N./A. fr. n1tu:n 'posses-
V 8, 67; many 0.0.-yaruttnguz
.
.. . ulatl
. . s i z i n r i d i b l l m e y u k k n l m a d l 'you have
sing gold; golden; ornamented with gold'.
S.i.a.m.1.g. T i i r k u vlrl ff. hlnn. a l h ~ n l u g
illunlinated (the MahfiyAna and Ilinaysna) and B r g i n iize 'on a golden throne' T T II 8, 68:
(various scrrptures) have not remained un- U y g . vrrr ff. Man. a t t u n l u g ylnqiiliig k a p
known to you' Iliirn-is. 1772-7; 8.0. do. 1977: y e r t e 'in the land of gold and pearls' TT II
Civ. loclllr u l a t l 'Syniploctts racrmosa (San- 15, 8-10: Bud. a l t u n l l l g x u a qeqeg s a t p p
skrit lodhrn), etc.' H II 26, 101. 'scatterinp golden-coloured flowers' USp. I o r ,
 10; a.o. do. 43, 10: (XI" Chin.-lfy2. Llict. gazlnln alklp 'destroying the Buddhist doc-
altunluk 'gold brocade' I.i~eti120; H I 4 1 I ) : trine' IIiien-ts. 3 I 5 ; 0 . 0 . Suv. 185, 21 (akrg);
0. Klr. rx ff, Mol. 3, 2; 1 0 , 5 (ke:?): (Xak.) U I11 66, 16; 88, 4 - s a k ~ n $ hllu a l k s a r
X I V Muh. dti &hnh 'posfiessing gold' a1tu:nlug 'when he has come to the end of nieditatinu'
MPI. 6, 4; 10, 9 ; Rif. 77, 83: T a g . xvff. T T V 6, 41: Xak. xr 01 tawa:rrn alktl: afnd
a l t u n l u g zarbnft rua dibd-yi lild-h# 'cloth mcilahu 'he dissipated all his property (etc.)'
of gold; gold-wovm hmcade' Sari. gor. 9 : K a f . III 419 (alka:r, a1kma:k); alktl:
Xwar. XI[!(?) a l t u n l u g belhagl 'his gold- m e n j g ya:yims: afnd fayji f i ' u j a 'he wasted
ornamented belt' Ok. 33 : x ~ altunlug
v 'golden' my summer in idleness' 111 188, 22: KB
Qutb 8. osalllk men1 a l k t i 'carelessness has ruined
me' 1209: xlv Muh.(l) ahfaka wa a'dama 'to
D ultugloa flap. Irg.; I'.N./A. fr. ultug destroy' alk- Ri/. 107 (only).
[uldan). nrahmi - I - oftcn represents - d - , and
the word should perhaps he so spelt. l'he
Sanskrit word translated b y this is un-
intelligible, I>ut it presumably means 'pos- ?S a11g syn. w . ah@, q.v., and perhaps a Sec.
sessing boot-soles'. Uyg. V I I I ff. Ilud. f. of it. In this meaning survives only(?) in
u1tuglugla:r T7' V I I l G.57. S W xx Anat. a l u k (of a man) 'bad' S D D 98.
It is, however, possible that a word meaning
eldiri: (?eldrl:) basically tither 'kid-' or 'crazy, stupid, mad', and the like, NE several
'lamb-skin'. Survives only(?) in N W I<az. dialects a l l g R 1373 ; Tel. alu: do. 387; Khak.
Iltir 'lamb-skin' R 1 1494. Xak. X I elri: allg and SW Osm. alrk is a survi\ral of this
nl-bndra wa h b a cildrc'f-cod-11'a milk bucket word. See Doerfer I1 535. KIP., O g u z XI
that is a goat-skin'; also called eldiri: a l ~ gal-radi' min kull jay' 'bad' of anything
hi-ziycidnti'l-dr?l K a y . I 127: xrv fiI~ih.(?)
(in Kay. 1 6 4 ; also occurs in I 384, 6 in a verse
a list of clothing, ctc.) 02-fat-ruatu'l-cnrniIn 'a (repeated in I 85, 5 with yavuz instead of
fine fur' eltirig ( ? ; unvocalized) Rif. 166 alle) (the men who reckoned it good fortune
(only): K o m . xrv 'lamb-skin' cltiri C C I ; Gr. to have a guest have all disappeared) kaldt:
a l l g o y u k kariip evni: gika:r baqi~ta'lfadh
S o l t u r u m See o l d r u m . id5 ra'awu'l-ha@ naqadri axhiyatahum kaylci
D a l t r r a r Hap. leg.; 'six each'; the older yanzil 'alayhi 'but those who, when they see a
Distributive f. of altl: cf. *6kklrer. T h e later mirage, strike their tents in order that (a p e s t )
fomi altlgar survives in some N W and S W may not lodge with them, have remained';
allg is not specifically translated but must
languages. Uyg. vIIr ff. Civ. a l t l r a r bBzni have meant 'wicked' or the like: Xwar. x ~ v
k6ni b6rfrbiz 'we undertake to give (back)
six lengths of cloth each' U S p . 34, 6-7. allg 'weak, inadequate' Qutb 8: Klp. a[-cab&
'cowardly' (opposite to 'brave' alp) a l l g
Hou. 26, 4: xrv alu: of-'ciciz 'an Rarimihi
T r l s . V. ALD- 'weaker than (or inferior to) his adversary'; bu:
D i+liitle:- Iiap. leg.; Dcn. V. fr. iiliit. Xak. b u n d a n alu: d u r 'this is inferior ('dciz) to
sr e r 6liitle:di: cGdala'l-mcttl !~ntt(iRnda otz t h a t ' and for a'caz 'more inferior' they say
ytipi'u'f-nrrrqritin 'the man got so quarrelscnne a l u r i k f d . 22: Osm. xrvff. a l u 'weak,
that he almost comnlittcd tnurdcr' Knj. 1 2 9 9 inferior', often in contrast to U ~ U'great' or
(BIUtle:r, 6liitle:me:k). y6g 'better', common in xrv and xv and occurs
In XVI TTS 1 2 3 ; I1 31; 111 18; I V 19.
U a 1 t u n I a ~ -Iiap. leg.; Recip. 13en. V. fr.
altu:n. Given as a grammatical example: D alllg IIap. leg.; P.N./A. fr. 1 a:l;'resnurce-
prob. used only in the Ger. Xak. XI oyna:- ful'. Uyg. vrll ff. Civ. T T I 2 6 (aha:-).
dam a l t u n l a ~ u :'I ganihled with him making
gold the stake on it' (ca'nltu'l-xafor fihi'l- ?D allk/aluk; it is an open question how
-dahab) K a h II I 14, 2;. many etymologically different words of these
forms there are and which of them can be
explained as Pass. Dev. N.1A.s fr. al-. This
Mon. V. ALC- is obviously true of the word in KB, and
a l k - 'to use up, finish, come to the end of possibly true of Koj.'s Oguz meaningofahk.
(something Acc.)'; hence sontetimes 'to destroy But it is less obviously true of Kaj.'s meaning
(something Acc.)'. v. G. A T G , para. 160 sug- of a l u k , and rather improbable of the KIP.
gests that this is nn Emphatic f. of al-, but meanlng. i t is difficult to connect NC Kir.
this is unlikely since there is no real semantic a l i k 'peak, summit' R 1372 with any earlier
connection and no evidence that the Enlphatic meaning, but S W xx Anat. atik/aluk retains
Suff. was -k- as well as -rk-. Survives only the second early Osm. meaning end has other
(?)in S W xx Anat. nlk- 'to destroy' S D D 97. meanings like 'driftwood carried away by a
Tiirkti vlrr k o p a l k d l m l z 'we completed flood' which clearly represent a Ilev. N. fr. al-.
everything' (the tomb chamber, its ornamenta- See Doerfer I1 547. (0.Kw. rx ff. the word
tion, and the memorial stone) I NE: UyR. read a l u k in Mal. 44, 2 is corrected to a l p in
vrlr ff. Bud. Sanskrit tr$ndh~nj~asrrhl~n the Shcherhak's revised text): Xak. XI KR tiikel
pleasure of destroying lust' a:z@ a:lkma:kllg bilse b o l m a z h h k l a r m l y e m e a l s a b o l m a z
(gap) TT 7111 G.21; samk$nydt 'hy complete a l l k l a r l n ~'it is impossible (for a servant) to
destruction olkma:ktn (lo. 23; b u r x a n vnderstand completely (his master's) character,
o r to accept h ~ shabits(?)' 4757 (for mcaning to carry Ine to the hattle' I11 172, 1 2 : G a g .
see Osm.): ORuz xr a l ~ krninqCrrr'1-td'ir 'a xv ff. u l a g / u l a k nt 'horse' Vel. I 18 (rluotn.);
hird's beak' Knf. I 68; a l u k e r nl-mcnlu'l- u l a k / u l a k ( I ) ninrknh-i rrtrcriri 'ritting horse'
ndln' (sic, not nl-opln' 'hald' as in printed text) (same quotn.); (2) pnyl; fco qrifid 'a rnrsqenncr,
'a sturdy, powerfirl man' 1 6 7 : K I P . x ~ v aluk o r courier' setit from one placr to another;
'trd~intrr'l-ddhhn kd'in tnd kdrtn 'any kind of (3) kcir hi-~tcral'unpaid l a h o ~ ~ rthr ' ; author of
equipment (harness, etc.) for a horse' fd. 21 the I3rrrltAn-i qdti' included this :IS a Pe. word
(and aluk1a:- ratorcd'l-'lrdda 'to put harness, with the same meanings San. 45v. 2 1 ; K I P .
etc. (on a horse)'): O s m . x ~ va l ~ 'hahits'
k and srv u l a k 01-hnrid Id. 2 1 : O s m . ' s ~ vff. u l a g ,
the like in one xrv text; (ho\veverjust a strange more often u l a k , once ( S V I I )in crror u g l a k ,
ruler rnay be) a l ~ g l na n l a y I n c a e l y l k t l u r usually 'mounted n~esscnger', occasionally
'the country is disorganized until it gets to (srv, xv) 'post horsc'; c.i.a.p. TXF I 7 1 7 ;
understand his habits'; a l t r o l a c t h l n ~ g I1 922; 111 702; I V 778.
a l ~ g ~ bn ill i r oln z a r n l n l g k ~ l ~ 'hc
g ~will n ~
come to accept the hahits of this world and to u l u E 'big, grcat', physically and n ~ r t a p h . ,in-
know the character of the (present) age' T T S cluding such usnges as 'prarid(f:~ther); rldest
I zo--altk xvr translates nl-qrrrldtl 'a thick (son)'. I'rob. a basic n.ord and not a P.N./A in
felt put on a horse's back beneath the saddle' - l u g , since it has no smiantic cnnncction with
in one text I1 28. U: and cannot be derived fr. It:-. C.i.a.m.l.g.,
but in SW, while 1111 is the standard word in
S 111e See ylllfg. 'I'kni., it has been alniost entirely displaced by
D 1 ula:g Dev. N. fr. u l a : - ; lit. 'something b o y u k ( b e d u k ) in Az. and b u y u k in Osm.
joined on', and the like with various specific See Dorrjer 11 536. 'I'urku vrrr u l u g 'great'
applications. Survires only(?) in N C Klr. (army, battle, ceremony) I E 28, 40; I1 N lo,
ulo: 'joining, attaching', and SIV Osm. u l a k I? 3 4 ; u l u g o g l l n l 'my cldest son' I1 S 9 ;
'something within easy reach'. Cf. s a p g . (1 myself have become old and) u l u g b o l t l m
U y g . vlrr ff. Man.-A u l a g s a p a g d a 'in end- senior, advanced in years' T 56; 0.0. T 5
less succession' M 111 13, 19 (ii): Bud. noted ( U ~ U Z - )I x; . 3: vrll ff. 1llu:g ev 'a largc resi-
only in the Iiend. u l a g s a p l g which is common dence' I r h B 9 ; &Ian. u l u g T T I1 6 , 6 and 1 5 ,
in T1' V I , e . 5 t u g a o l u u l a g s a p @ 'the end- etc. ; Yen. ~l;lnl. 29, I ; 38, 3 (both dubious) :
less succession of birth and d e a t h ' o ~ g;0.0.312, U y g . IX ulu:g o g u : l ~ mStrci 1 0 ; ulu:g 111
345, 388, etc.; S ~ r u .61, 17: X a k . xr ula:g A 9; 8 (ETY I1 37): vrlr R. Man. u l u g
rrrq'ntr~'I-fmrb 'a patch on a pnr~nent' linj. a s @ t u s u 'great advantages ([lend.)' T T III
I 122. 105; a.0.o.: Dud. u l u g , spelt u l u : g in T T
V I I I A.17, is very common: u l u g e r g e k
?D 2 ula:g a technical tern1 for a horse used fur 'thurnl,' T T V 8, 56: Civ. u l u g is ctjnimon:
carrying ponds or riding, lnorc particularly a X a k . X I u l u g 01-knhir rrrirl krrll go),' 'great' of
horse for hire and a post Ilorsc. 'I'he specific anything k-ng. I 64; many o.d.; K B u l u e is
rueatling s e e ~ n sto he that it is one of a string cnmtnon: S I I I ( ? )At. [litto; nf, u l u g / u l u 326:
o f horses avnilnl~lefix hirc o r use, anil it nlay s ~ v11lrrIz. ~ 3 n r t r ~ r r r ' l - q i ~ ~'rcsurrectinn
~,,ml day'
originally hn\.e rneant a string of horses rather u l r ~ : g k i i n lMrl. 44, 13; R$. I 37; at inn^
than a single animal, 1)ut if so this nleaning be- 'nlrq,hi'l-snldrr~ uIu:j! nta: 4 ~ I . ( R t f . a9nrr:kl:
came obsolete very early. I t is therefore prob. ata:); nl-rnrCI 'grandfather' ulu:& atn:;
n I k v . N. fr. u h : - , ct>-m~~lopicall? identical nl-rorf,lo u111:g nnn: 49, 4 ; 1.4.3-4; krrhirrr'l-
with 1 ula:fi, hut ~vitlia sprcialized meaning. -qmcnr 'chief of a tribe' u l u : g 50, 6 ; 145;
An early I.-11.. in Rlong. as ~r/ln'n~ilafn nl-knbir u l u a j s , 1 3 ; 153; isnrrr'l-nnhr 'the
(Horrtisclr 162, Koco. 394) 'posthorse, relay name of a river' ulu: Su: 4, 20; 75: G a g .
horsc'. S.i.a.m.1.g. in a wide range of forms s v tT. u l u g / u l u k brrzrrrg Eca 'a,-irn 'big, great'
including such divergent ones as NC I<Ic. 110:. Son. 86r. 29 (quotns.): X w n r . srlr u l u ~ / 1 1 1 u
ulo:, uno:. See D o e r j ~ rI1 521. U y g . vrrr ff. 'Ali 12: x r r ~ ( ? )u l u g common in 0.2: xlv
Civ. u l a g 'transport horse Ict out on hirc' is u l u g l u l u Qrrth 198; u l u Q h.IN I , etc.: K o m .
comnlon in late contracts c.p. m a g a Sara- x ~ v'grcat' u l u C C I , YCG; Gr. 26s (quotns.):
grlqka U s r l n k a b a r g u e ~ e ku l a g k e r g e k KIP. S I I I nl-il~hdrr~thumb' u l u : b a r m a k
b o l u p 'as I, Sararluq, needed donkeys and Hoir. 20, 1 4 : X I V ulu: (with back vo~vels)
transport animals (or "donkeys for trans- 01-kohir; u l u : a n a s l : (sic) ctmmrr'l-~tmnr; ulu:
pnrt") to gr) to Ilsun'. lJ.Sp. 3 , 2-3 ;( I gave one azu: kibdru'l-odrris 'big tooth, molar' fd. 20:
roll of cloth for) M e k i l i g K u r y a n ~ gu l a g k a s v kahir U ~ U :Kov. 44, 1 7 ; 59. 20; Tub. joh. 3:
'XIekilig Kurqa's transport ani~nal(s)' (and O s m . s r v ff. u l u g occurs twice ( I f , I l I ) and
fifteen rolls of cloth fnr) K i i l t u r t e y u l a g u l u ~ e v e r a ltimes T T S I 720-1 ; I1 924; 111
t e r i k e 'the hire of Kulturtey's transport 706; I V 782-3.
aninial(s)' do. 31, g-13; 0.0. 34, 15; 39, 4 ; 91,
20: X a k . sr u1a:g 'any horse (fnrns) which 1 o l u k (olok) basically 'a hollowed-out tree
an express post-rider (01-hnridrr'l-ctrrsti') takes trunk', hence 'trough. boat', and later 'gutter',
hv o r d ~ of r the nmir (i.e. beg) and rides until etc. S.i.s.m.l.g., sometimes spelt o l a k . X a k .
hc finds another' Kny. I 122; 1& 1l5, meni: XI o l u k iay' ytrnqnr win n f l xognba ka'l-ma'laf
tokt$Ra: y6vgi1 m a g a : ula:g-a: 'send m e to yrrbarrad fihi'l-'npir wn ynsqd filri'l-dzbba 'an
the battle, rca n'irrnili-trr'!iyani fnras ytrhalli~iini object hollowed out of a tree trunk'. e.g. a
ild'l-!mrh 'and help me by giving m c a horse t r o t ~ g h in \vhicli qrape-juice is cooled, or
 D I S . AL.C 137
cattle watered . . . o l u k a/-aawmqr~'1-yogir'a Prima facie N.1A.S. fr. a l k - ; the semanticcon-
small (dug out) canoe'; its origin is from nection is tenuous, hut cf. alku:. There is a
the previousword KO$. 1 67-8: xrv Muh.(?) NE Khak., Tuv. verb a1g1- 'to expand,
(among words rclatinc to huildinga) GI-mizdh hecome broader', but thiq can hardly he as old
'gutter' 0:lu:k H i f . 179 (only): Klp. X I V oluk as Uye., and map well be a late form of alk-
a/-mat'ab 'a channel,.water-course' in which or even a back-formation fr. alkrg. Uyg.
water flows swiftly fd. 21; olak (sic) 01-harcd V I I I ff. Man.-A (you will live in that country)
'tank, hasin' do. 22; 01-lrowd alak (sic, in kCoin a l k ~ g ~mn u o s u z u n 'at your ease
error) 13111. 3, 15: xv qay'a 'a wooden bowl, or (Hend.), and carefree' M 11130, 5-6 (i): Bud.
trough' olak (sic) Tuh. zgb. 4 : O s m . xv ff. (of a kingdom) Sanskrit vipulam 'broad, wide'
(after ulug/uluk) (3) in Hirrtri nawdzn, kP9 a:lkrfg T T VIII C.1; (of property)
channel, gutter, spout' San. 86v. 5. r,istirna ditto do. 0.33; o.o. do. G.35; K.4;
k e g a l k ~ g(of heaven, earth, a palace, etc.) is
2 oluk flap. leg.; prob. a e t a ~ h .use of common in T T VI 07, 241, 243, etc.; a.o.
I o l u k in the sense of somct&g hollow. C r X 26.
kerig. Xak. X I oluk minsacu'l-furas a
horse's withcrs' I&$. 168 (prov.). D olgun N.1A.S. fr. 1 01-; 'ripe'. Survives
only in S W Osm. and xx Anat. ulgun/ulkun
D 3 oluk Intrans. N.1A.S. fr, 1 01-. Possibly S D D 1416-17. The word is not fully vocalized
survives in NE Tel.; N C Mzx. u l u k 'useless, in Kag. and the Ar. translation corrupt, but its
valueless' R 1 1694; SW xx Anat. u l u k identity is certain. Xak. X I sedremig olgun
'decaying, weak, idle', etc. SDIJ) 1417. Xak. k o n a k (rnis-spelt koyak) qalla rub'(?) habbati'l-
X I o l u k to:n 01-!atvbic'l-mlaqrr'I-b8li 'a shabby -cawars 'the quantity(?) of grains of millet was
worn-out garment'; also used for anything small' Ka$. 111 167, 7 (the second word must
worn out Kaj. 1 6 7 . he a Nom. as the third is a Gen. but rub' (not
fully vocalized) does not look right); n.m.e.
D alku: Gerund, used as N./A. fr. alk-; one
of several early words for 'all, everyone, every- D alklnc Dev. N. fr. alkln-; 'coming to an
thing', lit. 'something which has come to an end, annihilation', and the like. N.o.a.b., but
end'. N.0.a.b. T i i r k u vrrI ff. a n c l p alku: cf. a l k m q s ~ z . The -u- is no doubt euphonic
kentii: iiliigi: erkli:g 01 'thus everyone is before a consonantal Suff. Uyg. V I I I ff. Bud.
master of his own fate' IrkB Postscript: Man. alklnguka tegt b u r x a n u r u g l iiziilmez 'the
(if they find Hearers or merchants) a l k u n ~ seed (i.e. succession) of Buddhas will be un-
oliirgey 'they will kill them all' T T 116, 16; broken until the end of time' T T VI 205;
edgii t o r 6 edgii k i l ~ n qa l k u kllgay 'they skziklig kagiiliimtiz alkznquka teg1 Uziil-
will all (follow) good customs and do good ziin 'may our doubts he utterly dispelled'
deeds' do, 6, 21: Uyg. V I I I ff. Man. a l k u do. 380-1.
a n u n m l g b ~ g r u n m ~n og m l a r l g 'all the doc-
trines wl,icl, have and assimi- 1) alklg fr. aIka:-; 'praise'; ori~inally
lated. 7'7. 17, 61-3,65-7: n,,d, alltu is in the sense of praising God, later also in
fairly coln,llon and occlln in ordinary human relations, where 'blessing' is
as a Noun in oblique cases, e,g, alkunl sometimes the hetter translation. S.i.a.m.1.g.
teg 6althoupl, had dis- except S C where it has been displaced by the
approved of all (the others)' PP 15, 2; alkuka Man". maktov. I'iirkii "'lr ff. yaru:k
bhrlp to ever,,one.; o,o, 11,8, jy; BY tegri:ke: alkl:gta: 'in praise of the bright
U I11 45, 18; (2) as an Adj. preceding the god' Ir' '-3 ( E T Y 17~):
Noun qualified, e,g, alku igler.g ijged- Man. alklglmlz iitiigiimuz 'our praises and
tiirdeci all diseases* slrer. 595, 19-20; pra~crs' Chuas. 216; b a ~ alklg k ~axga~a*
TT v 8, (ijF-); a,o.o.; (3) as an ~ d j , fasting, praise, the conin~andments (1.-m.)'
following the Noun qualified, e.g. n e k e r g e k i n do' 33'; a'o. 206 Uyg' v l l r ff.
absolutely every- Man.-A esengii a l k 'well-being ~ ~ and raise'
alku tiiketi berip
thing that is necessary' pP =8, 4; an1 alku
fM '79 I r ff,: Rqan.
reciting praise and hymns
pa$lk s6z1egiig
(1.-w.)' I11
T T pre-
Ukiinurbiz biliniirbiz 'we repent and con- 161: Chr, iigmek
fess all those (sins)'. I V 8 , 76; k i ~ i
Gliir 'all men die' PP 15, 2; T T VI11 0 . 5 Bud. sented their praises ( ~ ~ ~ d,y, 1 ) 6,
' r5-16:
b u r x a n k u t ~ ~alktg
a ollp 'receiving
(alko, same as v1 bl); T T v 6 , 26 and 38;
a,o,o,: civ,(early only su:vsa:llk a:lko iic praise for the honourable state of (being a)
dog belkfile:ri tiike:] kazeniir 'all three hasic Buddha' T T I V 12, 5I-2; 0.0. I' lo, 109;
(sanskrit of thirst appear. T T ~111
Wok[. 8, 1 1 : Xak. XI alkl? al-!and' fro'l-du'd
1.9; a.0. do. 16 (SUVSU$). run dikr ayidi'l-mcul mn 'add nznndqibihi
'praise, blessing, an account of the great deeds
S llkl See 1 yrlkn:. of a man and an enumeration of his virtues';
hence one says 01 begke: a l k ~ gbh:rdi: 'he
D a l k ~ g'wide, hroad'; well established in praised (a@) the beg', and ya1a:wagka:
Uyg., where it occurs only in the Ilend. k6g alklg bh:rgil 'bless (falli 'ah) the Prophet'
alk!g, otherwise known only in NE in a ZGq. 1 9 7 ; 1249, 5 (alkal-); 284, 5 (2 arka:-):
curlous variety of forms; Karagas alhlg K B kigi edgii atan k o r alktg b u l u r 'a man
(sic); Khak., I<oib. all@; Sor al@, a l d ~ g. earns praise hv his good reputation' 246; 0.0.
R I 373, rtc.; Bas. 23; Tuv. a l g l g Pal. 55. 760, 1309: XITI(?)Tef. o g d i a l k q esenlik
 ' ~ R I S .A L C 139

N W Kaz. H I 390 nnd SW xx Annt. S D D 97. 13 (only). Xak. xr 01 menig birle: alkig
TItrkil V I I I k o p anta: a l k ~ n t ~artlttg
g 'you alkagdt: 'he competed with me in praising'
all exhausted yourselves and were wearied (fi'l-mad11 wa'l-land'); also used of helpin~(to
there' I S 9 ; II N 7; a.o. T 3: UyR. vrlr ff. praise) Knj. I 237 (verse; alkagu:r, alkag-
Man.-A (when a lamb orcalf dicsand IS rehorn ma:k).
as a lion- or wolf-cub) kentIt siirug u d u g
koyanuR a l k a n u r yok k ~ l u r'it consumes D alklg- Recip. f. of a l k - ; 'to destroy
and nnnihilntcs its own flock of ox,-tl and one nnothrr'. Survivca orlly(?) in NIC Tuv.
shrcp' M I 8, 7-9; ellti krlmlr] azukl a l g v - 'to quarrel'. X a k . X I b o : ~tbi:r)
a l k a n m a d l e r s e r 'if he has not conFunlcdthe ikkl: blle: a l k ~ g t t :taJ6rld'l-qorum ba'duhum
food which he has brought, f i f 111 (ii): ba'd 'the tribe destroyed one another'; also
Man, a m t ~ k atee1 ybrtlnqii a l k t n m a z m u used for competing in destroying (fi ifnd')
e r t i t ~ n l i g l a r'would not the world and man- something Kai. 1 2 3 7 (alkl?u:r, alkl9ma:k);
kind have perished before now?' T T 111 65: a.0. 1 2 3 7 , 23: O s m . xtv (then, wherever he
~ i ~ adg.i b a r ~ r nalktnsar/'if the treasures indicates, the locusts all) 01 araYa alklglp
(Hend.) are all used up' PP7, c); 9 , 2 ; T T I V 2 0 , bar$' 'go there and destroy (the crops)' T T S 1
note U 42. 10(5qiil-): T T V lo, 87 (or-); (may 20.
our sins) a r l z u n alkrnzun 'he washed out and
put an end to' T T I V IZ, 40; o.o. of a r i - ulgay- ulga:d-'
alktn- Suv. 132, 1 5 ; 138, 12 and 21, etc.
(common); 0.0. U I I 4 2 , 35; 79, 53; U Z I I 33, Tris. ALG
13; Sitv. 600, 6 : Civ. kigt aozleser savr D *alka:dl: Hap. leg.; llev. N. fr. a1ka:-;
a l k l n u r 'if a man speaks, his words come 'praise'. Noted only in a metathesized form,
to nothing' T T I 33; tepreser a l k i n d l ~ but unmistakable owing to its association with
t e p r e m e s e r yhgettig 'if you move you ogdi:. Uya. vrrr ff. Bud. bo iir erdninig
exhaust yourself, if you do not you get better' a:gla:di 6gtile:ri e~t1lrne:dI 'the praise
do. 204.-5: Xak. X I alklntll: ne:o 'the thing (Hend.) of these three precious things was not
was complrtly used up' (nnfnda bi-rummatil~i); heard' T T VIII H.9-to.
and one says e r a l k ~ n d l :'the man died and
perished' (mcitn wn fond) KO?.I 2 5 4 (alklnur, D alkugun Collection f. of alku:; 'all to-
alklnma:k); t g n kiin keqe: alklnu:r ijQlek gether'. N.0.a.b. Uyg. vrrr ff. Bud. alkugun
bile: a:y al.dnhr ynnfad wa'l-Jahr yonfc b l r teg bllii yarllkazunlar 'may they deign
bi-rnudiyCl-lnyl ~ a ' l - ~ o h r i'as r the days and to know, all together as one man' SUV.137,
nights pass, time is consumed and the months 13-14; a.0. do. 15; listed, without refce., in
elapse' 1 g2, 14; is like an inflated 5 ' 1 54 as translating Chinese hri 'all' (Giler
bladder) ~ 2 ~ yazilip 1: a1klnu:r idri'nfnioha 4,138).
famuhu ynfirn'l- rih 'when the mouth is opened,
the (in him) is 1 r95, 27: K B D ulugluk A.N. fr. ulug; 'greatness' both
neqe terse dunyg t%ker alklnur physically and in abstract and moral sense;
this world accumulates comes to an end Rnd 'seniority' and the like. S.i.a.m.1.g. Xak. X I
is used u p 3 l 1 4 ; o,o, of take:- alkln- ~ 1 u g I u kal-kibri~z' ~ a r f l f'glory and
3782, 5265 : xrll(p) T ~ alkln- J 'to come to an F n o u r ' ; hence one says ulugluk t e ~ r l : k e :
end, 49: X l v M ~ ~ , ( a[-cn,j,n
?) 'to be ,glory he to God'; uluBluk al-kiharfi'l-knn
greatness of age, seniority' KO$. I 150;
destroyed' a l k ~ n m a kRif. 124 (only). ulug1u:kug bulsa: s e n 'if you attain high
D olgurt- 'to seat (someone Acc.); mctaph., rank and distinction' (cGlz e~.obasta) 1 6 4 , 13;
'to placc (something Acc., somewhere); to for example ulugluk a[-kihriyd' is derived
establish (something Acc.)'. Morpholopically from u1ga:dtl: kabura I sos, 4; 0.0. I 352, 17;
obscure; prima facie Caus. f. in -t- of *olgur-, ZI 91, 6: KI3 uluPlluk s a g a 01 'glory belongs
which is possibly a very early (pre-vrrr) form to Thee (Oh God)' 7 ; s a o a tegse beglik
of olur-, q.v. N.0.a.h. See olxut-. T u r k u ulugluk ok-a 'if the rank of b q and a high
V I I I arku:y kargu:g o l g u r t d l m 'I established position come to you' 552: xrr(?) K B V P
the watch tower of Arkuy (?place-name)' T 53 ulugluk idisi 'the Lord of Glory' 2: xrrr(?)
(the earlier explanation u l g a r t d i m '1 en- KBPP ditto 2; At. uluR1uk several occur-
larged' is morphologically impossible): V I I I ff. rences; Tef. ulugluk 'greatness: senlonty,
Man. t i r a z u g lqinte o l g u r t u r 'he places old age' 327: F a g . xv ff. u l u g l u g / u l u ~ l u k
(the sinful souls) on the scales' (Iranian I.-xv.) buzur,qi ma piri 'greatness; old age' Son. 86v.
M I 1 12,9: Uyg. VIII ff. Man. iqinte o l g u r t u r 5: Xwar. xrv ulugluk ditto Qtctb 198: Kom.
M 11129, 11 (i): Bud. ertenilig orunluk uze xrv 'greatness' ululuk C C I ; Gr.
olgurt(t)t 'he seated him on a jewelled throne'
PP 46, 2-3; yolda Sgi olgurt(t)i 'he seated S a l k l n ~ uSee alklnq.
him off the road' do. 66, 2-3 (sic?, and slklnqslz Priv, N,,A. fr, alklnq; .in-
not 'facing the road' as Pelliot suggested); exhaustible, unlimited', and the like. Pec. to
olgurtup ,seating him facing himself,
Hum-is.20. Uyjj. Uyg. V I I i ff. Bud. (they poured out rice
wine) alklnqslz 'in unlimited quantities'
D alkag- Recip. f. of a1ka:-; 'to praise Hiien-ts. 1943; a l k l n q s ~ zk6giizliig Bodlsavt
(bless, etc.) one another'. Survives only(?) in Ak$uyamoti Bodltisaftva Kuon. 59, etc.; T T
NE Khak. atgag- S E Tiirki alkag- S h n r ~ VZ common; T T VII 40, 13.
140 TRIS.
I) 11luBsl% Sinlulati\e Ucn. N.,'A. fr. d u g ; NC: 1<1r. X a k . X I I I ( ?At
) ol e r klni u l u g s ~ n d l
' w i n , proud'. FCC. to K B . X n k . X I K R m e n n i e n tCd1 'the ma11 whn thinks himself
u l u g s l g kiivez . . . klgl 'a vain, proud man' important and says "I, I" ' (neither created
1706; u l u g s t g b e d u k t u t s a b e g l e r kogill heinas nor did the Ureatnr Inye him) 271;
'if the b ~ g scherish vain, anihitious thoughts' o.o. 2x3, 23 5 ; Tpf. tulugsln-/ulugsun- 327:
21 18: ( X I I I ( ?Tef.
) u h ~ s t l ~'pride,
k vainglory' S w n r . x ~ v 01 k u l k l m x n l i l y ~ q t h e
327). olugsinfi:iy 'rhr slave n h n thinks himself
better than nrdinnry people' h'lnhr. 376, I I .

I) u1ugla:- Den. V. fr. u l u g ; 'to make, o r h l o n . ELG

consider (someone Acc.) great; to respect e r time or space. No doubt,
i l k 'first' in r ~ r ~ l of
(him)'. S.i.a.m.l.g., usually in the last sense. originally a hlnn. hut often, proh. for reasons
X a k . X I tegri: m e n l : u1ugla:dt: 'God gave of euphony, spelt ilki:. It is possible that in
me glory' (al-kihrij.6'); and one says b e g some early cases the latter word is a N.1A.S.
m e n l : ulugla:dl: 'the b g reckoned me to he in -ki: i.e. ilk(k)i:, I ~ u tthere is 110 means of
great' (knbir); pror. u l u g n ~ :uIug1a:sa: k u t pro\ ing this. Survives in sornc NW languages
bu1u:r 'if a marl respects the aged (ruaqqara'l- and S\V Az., Osni. i l k ; Tknl. ilki. I n the
-pya li-sinnilri), he is lucky' Kay. I 304 early perir~doften comliined with I e o , q.v.
(ulugla:r, ol1rgla:ma:k): ~ I I I ( ?Tef. ) kab- T u r k i i V I I I ( I campaignetl against the Oeuz.)
barn 'to magnify' ulug1a:- 327: KIP. X I V ilki: sii t a q ~ k m ~ertl: g 'the first army had
u l u l a - rcnqqnrn fd. 20: O s m . xlv ff. u l u l a - set out' (the second st:~yed at lio111~)11 R 32;
'to rcspect' in several texts, also (sv) 'to put Ilki: kiin 'on the first day' (. . . and on the
(someune) over (someone else, iizprine); to second day) II S I : Man. i l k i iiziin b u a z u n
keep (the sacred month) holy' TTS I 720; 'in n ;>revinus sclf (i.e. incarnation) and in the
II 92.5 ; 111707; I 782. v present self' Clrrtas. I 16-17: UyR. V I I I ff.
Man. l l k i bogii Pl(1)igler 'former wise kings'
D a l k l n d u r - Caus. f. of a l k l n - ; 'to bring to M I11 35, 1 7 ; i l k l t e berU 'from thc heginning'
an end, to wipe out (sins)'. Pec. to U y g . ? TTIII 43 ( a t k a n - ) ; I 16: Bud. i l k i e t o z l e r d e
Uyg. ~ I I ff. I Bud. . . . a y t g k l l l n q l a r l n... 'in former bodies' Suv. 134, I ; ilk1 t l l t a g 'the
a r l t t l l a r a l k l n d u r d l l a r e r s e r 'if they have first cause' U I1 7, I : Civ. l l k i a j u n t a k l 'in
washed out and wiped out . . . their sins' Suv. previous incarnations' Ii 11 22, 1 3 ; ilk y 6 r
139, 10-12; 139, 23 ff. 'the first land' (which I received) USp. 55, 20:
a l a k l r - Pec. to UyR., where it is used only in X a k . X I i l k 'first' (awwal) of anything; one
Hend. with ktkrr-/klklrrg-, q . ~ Obviously, . says i l k s e n b a r g i l 'do you go first!' Kaj. I
as pointed out in the note to T T X 363, the 43: XIII(?) Tef. ilk/llik/llki 'first, former(ly)'
origin of SILTOsrn. l a k l r d r 'talk, chatter', and 124: Ca$. xv ff. Ilk (spelt) arurual run ibtidd'
meaning 'to shout' or the like; prob. a quasi- 'first, heg~nning'Snn. I r3r. 5 (quotn.): K o m .
onnnratopoeic. Cf. a l a k r r l g - U y g . V I I I ff. (then xlv 'hlarch' i l y a s a y , prol,. a cr.~sisof i l k y a z
Icing Dantipila and his suite went hunting a y C C I ; Gr. I rg: K o m . s v rrru7t-nl i l k Tuh.
and, seeing the 500 maral deer, circled round 3h. 1 0 ; a.0. 62b. I ( b i r i n q ) : O s m . s l v i l k 'at
them six tinies and) y a v l a k u n i n k l k l r l g u first' T T S 11 530.
a l a k l r d ~ l a r 'shouted (Hend.) with a loud
voice' U 11'34, 67; similar phr. T T X 363. ]>is. ELG
S e l e k See Plgek.
1) alaklrr$- Hap. ]PC.; Co-op. f. of a l a k l r - ,
q.v. U y g . V I I I IT. (then innurnerahle demons ell$ ( ? e l i g ) 'hand, forearm', with some ex-
surrounded I < i n ~ Castana . and, in order to tended mcanings like 'finger's breadth' in
intimidate him) k a t @ u n i n k l k r r g t r l a r some modern languages. For some obscure
a l a k l r t g t ~ l a r'shouted (flcnd.) with a loud reason ahhreviated to el in some languages
voicc' U I V 22. 295-6. in the mcdicval period; in some languages
displaced by ko:l in the meaning 'hand'.
D a11gsa:- Desid. Den. V. fr. (2) a l l 2 Dev. S.i.a.m.1.g. in a \vide range of fnrms and mean-
N. fr. a l - (not noted earlier than Gag.); 'to ings. l'ossibly to be spelt Blig; see eliglig.
wish to take'. Survives in some hTFlangua- I.JvR. v ~ r ~ f Rud. f. T u r k i i ~ I I I OIJ ' r o t o k
ges. Xnk. st o l a n d t n y a r m a : k allgsa:dt: y u r q ~ : n y a r a k l ~ ge l l g i n tutdr: 'he grasped
'he intended tn take (qnsadn lnn ynqhid) the Wang Totok's brother-in-law w ~ t h his ar:
money from him' KO?. I 281, I 8 (~ramniatical
example); n.m.e. moured hand' I E 32; sitnilar phr. do. 38:
vrrr ff. x a n el1gi:n tutmi:g 'the sntt grasped
I) ulugsa:- flap. leg.; Desid. 1)cn. V. fr. them with his hand' I r k R 6 3 ; kulr: e1gi:nte:
u l u g . S n k . X I e r a t t a : u1ugsa:dl: tnman~rd'l- ...
1dt1: ' s e n t . . . by the hand of his servant'
-rnc~rlfi'l-xnyli'l-kabir 'the nlan wanted the Toyolz IVr. 5-7 ( E T Y I1 180): h4an. (we must
h i one of the horses'; also anything else big keep three colnmandments with o u r mouths,
Knf. I 302 (ulugsa:r, u1ugsn:ma:k). three with o u r minds) i i e~l g i n 'three with
(our) hands' Chrms. 193-4; e l g i n s u n u p
D u l u g s l n - Refl. Simulative Den. V. fr. 'reaching out with (our) hands' do. 314; M 111
d u g ; 'to consider oneself great, o r greater; to 14, 3 (iii) (igid-): U y g . v ~ r rff. h4an.-A n e t e g
bolst of one's greatness'. Sqrvives only(?) in kirn e l i g a g n z k n sevUk e r t i r 'just as the
 DIS. ELC
hand is dear to the mouth' M 1 2 3 , 6-7: Chr. XI (in the /o"ul scction) cllig yarma:k 'fifty
X ~ r o d t sxrrn elglnde 'in the hands o f Kinl: coin.' (ctc.) 1 143; el(1)iQ k a r ~ hi):zin
: 'with
Herod' U 1 9 , I 2: Bud. bata:r 6118 be:lg(lrdf fifty cubits of cloth' I t 17, 5: KO elllg yaqlm
'he showed an opened hand' T T VIII K . 5 ; 365 (toydid on /nm in F e r ~ a n aMS.): XIII(?)
elgl ertlnilig y l p e ~ i r e r'their hands spin a Tcf. eel(l)ig/elliglel(l)i 74-5 (at least one
jewelled thread' PP 46, 2; do. 63, 5 (adak); tafdid): X I V Rt$. el(l)ig R I 817 (quotn.):
a.o.0. in I'P-6llglerJnde 'in thcir hands' Mrih. xnmr~in'lifty' elll: Me/. 81, 14; Bl(1)I:g
7.7' V 1 0 , 103; 0.0. do. 22, 47; 24, 51, etc.: Rif. 187: Gag. xv ff. 6llig (*with tajdid and
Civ. b e g t a m g a s 1 e l g i ~ d e'a beg's seal is in -gV)rlli Vel. 71 (quotns.); 6lUg ('with lcim-i
your hands' T T I 129 (a.o.0.); eligde II 11 mujaddndn') 'fifty' Son. I 13r. (quotn.): Xwar.
31, 189; dligde do. 32, 2; 6 2 elgin bltiyu X I I I ellig/elli 'Ali 12: x ~ v6llig Qutb 49;
teglndim 'I ventured to write this with my M N 96: KIP. xrrr mlnrin elli: (with raydrd)
own hand' USp. 15, 17; similar phr. do. 55, Hou. 2 2 , 12: X I V ditto Id. 21; BuI. 12. 13:
35; elig t a r t l p 'shaking han s' (on a bargain) xv ditto Kae,. 3y, 6 ; 65, 8; Tub. 60b. 9.
do. 87, 1-5: Xak. X I elig d y a d 'hand, fore-
artti'; 'the right hand' (al-yumna') is called D 2 Bllig P.N./A. fr. 1 6:l; originally lit.
o:g ellg, in Oguz sa:g elig, and 'the left 'having a realm', it soon came to mean 'king',
hand' (01-yadu'l-yusrii) so:l ellg in both perhaps at lirst to supply a word with this
Kay. I 72; about 40 0.0.; K B m u g a d m l g meaning for translations of Rud. and Man.
y e r i m d e elig t u t m a g a 'in my difficult scriptures. In U y i . Hud. it is often combined,
~ o s i t i o n hold my hand' 29; many 0.0.: or alternates, with xa:n. q.v. It then came to
XIII(?)At. ellg is common; Tef. both e l and be spelt, and perhaps pronounced, klig with
elig 'hand, arm' are common 74, 75: XI" a sing1 -I-, and perhaps, at some uncertain
Muh. 01-yadri'l-yusrd so:l 6:lig Me/. 7, 15; later date, ilig. In I'ersian it suffered further
Rty. 79; al-yurrd ditto 141 (only); a!-yadu'l- changes, e.g. to ilek, but this was prob. never
-yltmnii $a:g 6:lig 141 (only); asir wa musfadra/ really a Turkish word. Apart from the refces.
'prisoner, reducedto submission' elig asra:kl: below, the only survivals seem to be in N C
147 (only): Gag. xv ff. 6lik ('with -k') el . . . Klr. e l d u 'populated'; eldik ( I ) 'democrat';
dust ma'nii~inn'hand' Vel. 70, 71 (quotn.); 61 (2) in phr. calpl eldik 'embracing all the
brr daxr rl demekdir dast ma'nrirtno do. 72 people', and possibly ilik or ilik cilik
(quotn.); 61 dnsf (quotn.) also called 6lig; 61 'neighhour'. See Uoerfer I1 661. T u r k i i vrri
and 6lig are terms ('ibdraf) for (the hand) from 811ig (spelt with two 1's) bodun e r t i m 'we
the fingers to the wrist, and kol for (the arm) were a people with a realm of our o a n ' I E 9,
from the fingers to the shoulder San. I r zv. 3 ; II E 8 ; 0.0. I E 15, II E I (Blsiret-);
~ I E 18
e l g ('with -g') dust do. 113r. 4 (quotn.; only (ditto); I E 29, 11E 24 (@at-); eqi:m x a g a n
with vowel suffixes); 61ik (by implication 'with 811: karnvag boltuk1:nta: bodun 61(1)igi:
6-') dast (quotn.), also called 61 and 6lg do. ekigu: boltuk1:nta: 'because my uncle the
113r. l o (both forms occur in quotns. fr. xaian's realm became insecure and the people
Namii'i): Xwar. X I I I e l 'hand' Ali 8: xlv and their ruler carne to be at variance' I N 3:
elig ditto Qritb 2 0 ; 61, 6lig do. 49; ditto vrrr ff. hlan. tegri el(1)ig T T I1 6, 27, e t c . ;
MN 2, etc.; ellg Nahc. 231, 13; 257, 16; 289. el(1)ig x a n do. ro, 88; M III 14, 3 (iii)
I I : K o m . xrv 'hand' e l CCI, C C G ; Gr. : KIP. (igid-): Yen. &l(l)ig e r Mal. 26, ~ ~ ( d u h i o u s ,
xrlr (after a list of fingers, etc.) macmti'~r'l-sod text chaotic): UyB. \.lrr ff. &Ian.-A (our
'the whole hand' 6:I I-lori. 20, 17: xlv el ('with gracious father) edgii k ~ l l n q l ~6l(l)igemez
g
front vowel') nl-yad Id. 20: xv a/-yod (kol; 'our beneficent king' At I 10, 3-4: Man.
also) e l Kav. 61, I ; kaff 'the palm of the hand' 6l(l)ig begler ‘hens who have a realm of their
61 (and aya) Tfrh. 3ob. 8 ; ?ad 61 do. 39a. 7: own' Wind. 250, 31 : Chr. Gl(i)ig x a n hfagrxa
O s m . xrv ff. phr. containing e l c.i.a.p. T T S tegrike 'to the divine king, the Messiah' U I
I 259 ff.; I1 367 ff.; III 242 ff.; I V 285 ff. 6, 16-17; a.0. do. 7, 2: Bud. 6l(l)ig is used in
three Mays: ( I ) as an Adj. qualifying xan, etc.,
1 ellig 'fifty'. Certainly with double -11- (see e.g. 6l(l)ig x a n Suv. 314, 5; 6l(l)ig b e g U III
Clauson, op. cit., s.v. bkki:) and, in view of the 41. 7 (ii); Sanslcrit rAsJram 'kingdom' &leg
0. Klr. spelling, with initial e-, not 6-. (sic) ulugt TT VIII C.1; (2) after Proper
C.i.a.m.1.g. with phonetic variations. T u r k u Names, usually representing Sanskrit rdja'
l fifty years' I E 8 ; el(1)ig
V I I I el(1)ig y ~ 'for 'king', e.g. P r a s e n a j l 6lig (so spelt) TT VIII
yaglma: 'in my fifticth year' I1 S 7: el(l)igqe: II.2; Ma&ayt(?)6l(l)lg PP 4, 2; 0.0. U I I 22,
er t u t d ~ r n ~'we
z captured about fifty men' 5 and 8; (3) by itself as a Noun, e.g. k a y
T 42: V I I I ff. Man. el(1)ig k u n 'fifty days' &l(l)ig 'his father the king' PP 6, 5: Civ.
Chtias. 245: Uyg. vrrr el(1)ig yll $u. N 4: K a d l r Bilge tegri bl(1)ig k u t l 'his divine
V I I I ff. Bud. b i r el(1)lg o r u n l a r d a 'in the majesty Kadir Bilge' USp. 88, 2; a.0. T T VII
forty one places' SIIV.133, 17: Civ. ellg (so 9, I I (na:n): 0. KIT. I X ff. Ma[. I j, 3 (2 uya:):
spelt) 5 occurrences in T T VIII L.; el(1)ig Xak. X I K B Kllntugdl &l(l)ig353; many 0.0.
in several page numbers in TI'S I ; in USp. XII(?)K B V P ditto 68: x~rr(?)K D P P ditto
seven occurrences of el(1)ig; 6l(l)ig in 8, 5 : 31-2; TeJ. M a d i n a ellig kigiler 'the people
0. Klr. IX ff. yllz el(1)ig. Mal. 9, 3; el(1)ig of the city of Medina' 75: Gag. xv ff. elig or
(ikiizln 'his fifty oxen' do. to, 2; ek(k)i: 1Hg a title used on coins, no date specified
el(1)ig y a s l m do. 21, 2 ; u~ el(1)ig yagtm do. R I 816; Ilek (spelt) ( I ) a place-name; (2) the
Z Z , 3; tokuz el(1)ig yagda: do. 48, 3: Xak. title of the pddijdh of the town of Ya@a (Pe.
 DIS. ELG
quotn.) Son. 113r. 6: Xwar. xlv 6lllg nine 0.0.. spell Bliig, 01-rnrryyif: KU ijliigdln
belongi in^ to (what?, etc.) country' Qtrlb 49: t l r l g k e kurnaru s o z 01 'this is a Iccacy from
O s m . X I V Pllii 'the people of a realm' in one the dead to the livinp' 270: ~ I I I ( ?At. ) oliig
text 7'7'SII 531. 'dead, dead nlitll' 17, ctc. ; '7'rf. ditto 245: X I V
Hhg. ditto R I 1249: Gap,. xv If. tiliik ('with
elik survives only(?) in scrrral NE languages - k') mtrrd(r 'clead' l'rl. I r .$ ; 61uk ( ?sic) mrrrdn
R I 815, 1484 including IZhak. and 'ruv.; Snn. 86v. 5 (quotn.): X w a r . ~ I I I ( ?iiliig )
NC Klr., I<zx., and S\V sx Anat. S D D 524: 'dead mall' OR. 286, etc.; oliig b a r g u 'in-
tnt,st authorities translate it 'roe-buck', but animate booty' (a$ npposcd to t l r l g hargu)
some 'fernale wild goat'; the original meaning doll. 170: X I V 6lug 'corpse' Qrith 123: Kom.
was almost crrtainly 'rt~r-buck', rather than xlv 'dead, a dead man' iilii CCI, C'CG'; (;I.:
'roc-deer' in general. T u r k i i V I I I ff. IrkB 63 KIP. X I I I 01-moyyit ijlii fIo11. 26, 4: xrv ditto
(iyre:): Xak. X I K B elik kiilmiz 'the roe- fd. 20: xv tttayyit dl1 f i k . 3 3 h 4.
buck and his doe' 79: xrlr(?) At. q a d & blrle
ilniir tuzakka elik 'by fate the roe-buck is 11 iiliig Dcv. N. fr. tile:-; 'share, part', (in the
caught in the trap' 456: KIP. ~ I I Ial-fazcil sense of one of several equal shores or parts);
'male Kazelle' C.Hk (Tkrn. 1:vuk) IIorr. I I , 6: hence, metapll., 'destiny, fate'. Less common
s ~ ellk
v 01-jnzil fd. 21. in modern times than the svn. ~vordiilils, hut -

survives i r ~NL.: (scvcral clial~cts)iilii: I( I185o;

S ellik See eliglik. Tuv. iiliig, and, with a wide range of lneanings,
?I) e1ii:g (?ela:g) 'mockcry, ridicule'; prima SW xs Anat. iilii SLID 1430. Tiirkll V I I I
facie a N.Ac. fr. *elii:-. An early I.-w. in T 4 (2 atllg, yada:k); iiliigi: (?sic, not
.?long. an eleg (with Den. V. elegle-; Kow. oliigi:) anqn: ermiq erinq 'his fate was pre-
205-6, IIultod 47). 'I'he n1r)dern forms, NE sumably this' (he attacked the enetny alone
elek R I 81 I ; elik do. 815; Ichak. Bas. 334; and was killed) Ix. 23: V I I I ff. IrkD Postscript
NW liar. elik R 1 8 1 5 ; Konc. 183; Kaz. elek (alku:): Uyg. vllr ff. Man.-A in a meta-
do. 811 look more like reborrowings fr. hlong. phorical prescription yeti iiliig . . . b l r iiliig
than direct sun.ivals. Xak. X I . elii:g al- . . . i k i iilug 'seven parts o f , . . one o f . . .
-srrxriyrr 'mockery' Knj. I 122. two o f . . .' M 11132, 4-9 (i): Bud. tegln k u t ~
iiliigi iiciin 'hecause it was the prince's for-
D lllg Dev. N. fr. il-; 'attachment' and the tune and destiny' PP 33, 5 ; sitnilar phr. do.
like. N.o.a.b., hut see iliglig, 'I'here are 64, I : Xak. X I ii:liig (bi-ijtnrimi'l-nlif 'with
sevcral modem words of similar forms and ii-, not 6-) 01-nosib 'fate, destiny' Kof. 1 72
some may be descended from this word, e.g. (the long ii:- is an error, see iiliig); 1 6 2 , 19
S\V xx Anat. ilik ~ e k e n'the cords that tie ( i i l i i ~ )K
: B iiliig nonnally mcans 'share', less
the ends of a canlet's wooden collar together' often 'dcstiny', sometimes it contains implica-
S I I D 786. U y g vrrr ff. Bud. ev b a r k l l g tions of both; etoz iilgi b a r q a boguzdln
illgig t u t u g u g 'attachnients and ties to home k i r e r 'the body's share alwhys enters by the
and hoirsehold goods' (JSp. 105, 7-8. throat' (and the soul's by the ear) 991; b a y a t
k i m k e bCrse 'infiyat iiliig 'the man to whom
11 iiliig N.1A.S. fr. 61-; 'dead; a dead person, God gives His favour as his destiny' 1797;
corpse'. S.i.a.m.l.g. w. phonetic variations. 0.0. 179, 271, 832, 1292, 182y, 3726, 4282,
N W Kaz. distinguishes hehveen iili 'dead', 6496: K I P . xlv iilii: ('with front vowels'; and
and iilik 'corpse' R I 1849 but this is unlikely iiliig) a/-nasib fd. 20: O s m . x ~ vto xvlr illii
to rcRect an earlier antithesis between Slug 'share, part; destiny' in several texts TTS I
and iiluk, the word is consistently spelt 61119 743; I1 950; I11 728; I V 802.
in those alphabets, Runic and Manichean,
which distinguish g and k. See Doerfer I1 D iilgii: ( I ) as N.Ac. 'measuring, weighing';
.
621. T i i r k u V I I ~tirigi: . . iiliigi: 'those of (2) as Conc. N. 'weighing machine, pair of
you who survived . . . those of you who died' scales'; presumably Dev. N. fr.*iil-, since it
I N 9 (yurt); V I I I ff. (a dappled cow gave birth cannot either morphologically or semantically
to a dappled calf. . .) 6lii:gde: ozmi:g IrkB be derived fr. iile:-. S.i.a.m.1.g. except SE,
41; this could conceivably mean 'was saved with a wide range of meanings, usually 'model,
from death', but the phr. used for this in 13, pattern', in such applications as 'boot-last'.
17, and 49 is 6lii:mde: o z m i : ~ ,and the form See Doerfer 11 539. Uyg. V I I I ff. Bud. 01
rn 41 is prob. a scribal error: Man. 01 iilugke buyanllg iikmeknig iilgiisln t e ~ i niilgU-
katlldl 'he had intercourse with that dead legeli s a n a g a h bolgay 'it will be possible
(woman)' Ai 1 5 , 7; 0.0. 5, 8 ; 6, 4: Yen. t i r i g to measure and estimate the measure (Hend.)
bliig ara: 'between the living and the dead' of that accumulation of merit' USp. 89, 1-2;
should perhaps be read in Ilfal. 26, I : Uyg. similar phr. do. 4 and 14; Srrv. 136, 22; 0.0.
V I I I ff. illan.-A aliigiig tiriglugeli (sic, hut Hiie~l-ts. 134 (batur-), 1834: Xak. XI iilgii:
?error for tirlglegeli) 'raising the dead' M I al-faytnlTtl (Pe. payman) 'a measure' Kay. I
24, 27-8: Uud. liliig teg 'like a dead man' PP 129: K B (in the signs of the zodiac) iilgii
61, 7; a.0. 26, 7; oliig kergekslz yldlg etBz 'Libra, the Scales', 140: X I V Rl~f.ditto (in the
'a dead, useless, stinking body' TT V I 229; passage quoted fr. K U ) R I 1254: Gag.
0.0. 284, 289: Xak. xr 6:liig (sic) al-mayyit 7v ff. illgti (spel! with 0-, -8-) ( I ) :ndifza
'dead' Krrp. I 7 2 (in a section containing words measure, measur~ng';(2) Orrrc-i mizen Libra'
with two short vo\vels, the 8:- is an error); Son. 86r. 16.
 TRIS. ELG
D *kl$ek Conc. N. fr. klge:-; 'sieve' (for Kay. I 284 (elge:r, e1ge:me:k): xlv MU^.
solids, a9 opposed to stlz$li: 'strainer' for naxala B:le:- Mel. 31, 12(mis-spelt d:lek-); Rif.
liquids). No doubt an old word, although 115; naxlu'l-daqiq e:le(mak in error) 37, 6 ;
there is no certain early occurrence. 8.i.a.m.l.g. 123 : Gag. xv ff. 6le- 'to sift ,(bixtan wa klpk
in a wide variety of forms, usually elek, Blek, kardan) flour, etc. with a sievc , San. IIOV. 20
ilek. l ' h e alternative modern word k a l b u r (quotn.): KIP. X I I I noxala ele:- (unvocalized)
is a corruption of Persian iirbdl. See Domfer Hou. 3 4 , 2: xlv elc- ('with front vowels')'
11 537. (kak.1 xIv Muh.-(amolIg the c o ~ k ' s naxolnjd. 2 2 : xv naxala kle- Tuh. 3 f b 4.
implements) 01-munxal 'sieve' 6:le:k Mel. 64,
7; u:n 8:le:kl: Rif. 163: Gag. xv ff. Blek D elget- Caus. f. of klge:-. S.i.s.m.1. Xak.
partvizon 'sieve', in Ar, mllnva[ Son.I 12V, 8 XI 01 u:n elgetti: (sic in RIS.) atrxala'l-daqiq
(qu,,tn.): K o m . xlv I s i e v e 9 elek CCI; G ~ . : 'he had the flour sifted' Kaf. I 2 6 4 (elgetiir.
.
KID. all1 of-munxal e1e:k falif
- - ~ - . . unvocalized)
~ o u .17, 13: X ~ Velek al-munxnl; wo'l-kai
el8etme:k).
D blgel- Pass. f. of elge:-. survives only i n
li'l-riln 'the - k is (the Suff.)Aor an ilnplement' k . * t o be sifted.; K , ~ elgel-
NE ~ h ~ jlgel- ,
fd. 22: xv munxal elck Tub. 34a 10; 49a. 8. b , 'to clatter3 R I g12:
#to shiverp:~ ~ ieleel-
S elgin See yelgln. for these metapt>.n;eanings cf. Qlgen- om.):
Xak. X I u:n elgeldi: 'the flour (etc.) uas
C ? Bigtin See 1 B:I sifted' Kog. I 250 (elgelur, elgelme:k).
iilker 'the constellation of the Pleiades9;Kaf. 1) Blgen- Iten. f. of el@?:-, also used as Pass.
alone gives a meaning, but since most S.i.s.m.1.g. in NC, S W . Xak. X I ura:$ut
'rurkish star nanles are names of other ob- U:" elgendi: 'the wonian sifted flour for her-
ircts
, .
- -('black
- - bird1. 'white stallion'. etc.1 used
mctaph, it-is possible that this \;is 'the o;iginal
self' Kay. 1255 (elgeniir, elgenme:k): K o m .
X I V 'to be frightened' (prob. lit. 'to shiver',
meaninn. S.i.a.rn.l.~.usuallv as illker and the cf. elgel-) elgen- C C G ; Gr. : Klp. xrv elen-
like. F & ~ S like ilFker in some N C and S C nuxila Id. 20.
languages are a fairly recent corruption. Uyg. PIJ ilgiin- Hap. leg.; perhaps an error for
, V I I I ff. Civ. iilker yultuz 'the 18th lunar Blgen- 'to be shaken'. Uyg. V I I I ff. hlan.
station' Z'T V q 57, docunrent T. I1 D. 79, I y e m e k a m a g iikiig 1 lgaq o t l a r 01 ye1
(see Clauson, Early Turkish Astronomical tegri kiicin i l g u n m e k i n t u g a r 'and all
Terms', UAJ XXXV D. 363): Xak. X I ulker shrubs, trees, and plants come into existence
a[-turayyd 'k'leiades'; and in war 'an ambush' by reason of the strength and shaking(?) of
(kayd) is called tilker c e r i g ; it is operated as the wind god' Wind. 249, 6-8.
follows. virtahattabir'l-cund katd'ib kata'ib min
ku[l arc:bd'the army is broken up into detach- D Blgeg- Co-op. f. of 6lge:-. S.i.s.m.l. Xak.
ments (posted) in various places', and when X I 01 a g a r u:n elgegti: 'he helped him to sift
one detachment falls back (karrat) the others the flour'; also used for competing Kay. I 2 3 8
follow after it, and by this device qallamci (elgegii:r, e1gegme:k).
yanhazim '(the enemy) is oftcn routed' Kag.
I o < (Olker ceriP thus means literallv 'an T r i s . ELG
a r r 6 made up'of 6 group of) detachments', a D 6li:ge: Hap. leg.; Dev. N. fr. all:-, pre-
good simile for a group of stars); iilker ol- sumably in the sense of something moist arid
-turayyd I11 40, I I (yultuz): KB illker sticky. The MS. is stained nt this point and
savrlmlg bag1 'the Pleiades were declining' al-gar!, which is not shown with this meaning
4889, 6216: XIV Muh. a/-furayyd Ulger (-9- in the dicts. is perhaps an error. Xak. X I
marked) Mel. 79, 8; U:lker liif. 183: F a g . 6li:ge: nabtul/-dibq rca I~rrrca'l-jar! 'the plant
~v ff. i i r k e r (sic) ndnr-i sitiira-i parwin which produces bird-lime' Kag. I 137.
Pleiades'. in Ar. turavvd San. 71r. 19: Xwar.
XIV iilker'ditto ~ ; t b;z3 (61kcr); zo3:i<lp. X I I I D eligci: Hap. leg. ; N.Ag. fr. elig ; pre-
al-juroyyd lilker Hou. 5 , 5 : XIV ditto fd. 22; sumably 'one who works with his hands'; but
BuZ. z , 14: xv ditto Tuh. 8b. 8: O s m . xrv ditto the passr1e may bc corrupt. T h e word so
in one text T T S I 7 4 3 (as there pointed out read in USp. 57, 13 is an error for a l ~ m q ~ .
l i l e e r 'the facc of a woven fabric'is a corruntion UvB. VIII ff. Bud. ( I will ernlain a device for
of Persian r e kdr). deajing with the matter; t h e birds and crows
will not damage your fruit); o t r u ydmlgig
Dis. V. ELG- ellgqi e r elteyin 'and then I will bring in
your fruit as a labourer( l)' PP 75, 4-5.
4lge:- 'to sift (a solid substance Arc.), pass (it)
through a sicve'. S.i.a.rn.l.g., often with -g- D eliglig (?6liglig see T T VIII) P.N.IA fr.
elided; the variations (e-, 6 - , I-) in thc initial ylig; usually preceded by qualifying Adj.,
point to an original 6-. Contrast stiz- 'to having . . . hands'. Survives only(?) in SW
strain (a liquid)'. Uyg. V I I I ff. Civ. tevenig Osm. elli. Uyjj. VIII ff. Bud. yumga:k Pliglig
iivkesln kutirrp (error for k u r ~ t ~ ps b) k u p nc) a:da:klig e:riir 'has soft hands and feet'
e l g e p 'dry, crush, and sift a ca~nel'slung' {TTVIII G.58; (amis) u z u n kiirkle Pliglig
H I 60; 0.0. 77, 111; inqge elgep 'sift it 'with long beautiful hands' Suv. 349, 2-3:
finely' If II 12, 13; a.o.0.: Xak. XI ol u:n Xak. XI Kag. I 336 (gal 9 ~ 1 ) O: s m . xlv ell1
elgeidl: 'he sifted (naxala) the flour' (etc.) elinde 'w~thhis own hands' TTS I1 373.
 . ELC
D e l i g l i k A.N. ( C I J ~ CN.)
. fr. c l i g ; 'glove, forwards' 03. 215 ; n.o.o. : s l v i l e e r i i 'for-
Survives only(?) in Nli f l t e k , elllk, wards' Q ~ t t h 58: K o m . ~ I V'forwards, in
etc. I< I 8 2 4 , 826. 1492; S\V x s Anat. ellik. front' i l g e r l C C I , C C G ; G r , 106 (quotn.);
e n l i k , e n n i k SDL) 525, 539. X a k . X I e l l g l l k KIP. qrrddZin 'in front' (opposite to 'I~chind
a[-grlff~izZn'a pair of gloves o r gauntlets' Kay. kkru:) yu1ge:rl: (sic, in error) iforr. 26, 19:
I 153: KIP. xrv e l l l k 01-grrffaz; conlpounded X I V I l g e r i : nl-antroo1 Iri, 21 ; (of tirile) qolrl 1:-
of e l 'hand' and -lik (11-lfil~iq'nlfi::tn li'l-i'dZd le:rii: Blrl. I 3, l o : xv (of pl:ice) qir(trtriii~i l g e r l
'suftix designnt~ng(kindr of) equipment' Id. (and Ileyin) Knrm. 3 5 , 4 ; nr:~Anr 'in frnnt of'
2 1 : O s m . s v and X V I e l l i k 'glove' in several i l g e r i l'ttlt. sa. 6 ; 731). 7 ; O s m . xlv ff, llerii
texts -1'7sI 1 246; 1 V 290. (aq late as xv11) /Ilerl (as early as xv) 'hcfore'
Iwth of tituc nnd place, and a? rldj., Adv., and
I> iiliigliig I1.N./:\. fr. iiliig; lit, 'having a I'ostpositi~~n(with Abl.) and in p h r . ; c.i.a.p.
share, o r destiny', but normally 'having a good T7:S:I 372-3; I 1 j2.+-j;UI362-.?; IVq15-17,
destiny, furtunate'. N.0.a.b. 'Turkii vllr fT.
hlan. k u t l u e i i l u g l u g 6l(l)lg x a n 'the D i l i g s l z Hap. leg.; I'riv. N./A. fr. ill& UyR.
divinely favoured fortunate king' T T I I 10, ~ 1 1 ff.
1 Bud. Sanskrit nsajyaii~(ir~mkdy~irn 'with
87-8: IJyg. Man.-A iilii$liig k u t l u i : b o d u n a hotly not attacticd ( t o this morlci)' 1li:nme:yu
b i z A l I11 29, 2 (iii): Bud. k u t l u g iiliigliig etiiz iize: a ~ illgslz
~ d etiiz iize: 71' V I I I
(or vice versa) U I I 15, 5 ; PP 21, 4 ; Suw. 474. A .-+om
21: Civ. T7' I 154-5 ( o g u l ) : X a k . X I b l l i g
ki$I: n r a : iiliiglii$ 01 'wisdom is .;hared out 11 i l k l s i z I'riv. N . / A . fr. llki:(llk); lit. 'hnvitix
(innqrdin) between people' KO?. 1 51 I , 25 nothing hefore it'. I'ec. to Uya. Dud. U y g .
(grammatical example); n.m.e. V I I I ff. Bud. i l k i s i z u z u n s n n s a r d l n b e r i i
'since the immet~ioriallyold, long chain of
D iilgiiliig P.N./A. fr. iilgii:; lit. 'having rebirths (Sanskrit sninsdra) began' Suv. 133,
measure', but normally 'suitable, appropriate, 12; similar phr. T T I I ' 4, 1 9 ; l l k l s l z d l n
tittcd to its task'. Survivcs in NE Ichak.; b e r i i k i k t l n l l g '(sins) cornmittcd from time
N C Klr., Kzs.; NiV I<az. H I 1343; SW s n i ~ n r i ~ e t l ~ o r ido.
a l ' 14, 62; siniilnr phr, do. 6, 23;
Anat. S U D 1 4 3 0 Xnk. X I KB b l r i s l y a l a v a q 8 , 53.
t i l l ulgiiliig 'one is the envoy, whose tongue
is fitted to his task' 2733 ; k111nCl k e n 1 o l iqi 1) uliigsiiz I'rir. N./A. fr. u l i i g ; 'unfortu-
u l g u l i i g 'his acts are upright and his deeds nate, ill-fated'. N.0.a.b. Also occurs in some
appropriate' 1837; 0.0. 2501, 6008: xlv Muh. Bud. tests as a mis-spelling of iilgUsUz. U y a .
( ? ) joy' mnrozritt 'a thing which is of full vllr ff Bud. (therefore the people of this
weight, hnrrnonious' and the like ii:lgu:liig world) k u t s u z iilugsiiz e r i i r 'are unfortunate
(first -g- marked) Rif. 188 (only). and ill-fated' TT V I 7 ; a.o. do. 8 (in both cases
with v.1. iilgiisiiz): X a k . xr k'h'(peop1c without
I> iilgiilenqsiz Priv. N./A. fr. Dev. N . f r . understanding) i i l i i g s u z t u r u r 'are ill-fated'
Refl. f. >of ~ 1 g i i l e : - ; 'immeasurable, In- 296.
estirn;ihle . Pec. to UyQ., syn. w. i i l g u s u z .
UyR. V I I I ff. Bud. i i l g i i l e n ~ s i z t e g l e n q s i z L) iilgiisiiz Hap. leg.(?); Priv. N./A. fr.
h u y a n e d g i i k t l l n c l g 'inentimahle and im- *018ii: N.Ac. fr. ijl-; 'immortal'. X n k . xr
measurable nwrits and good deed?' SIIV.I 5 I , KU (what is born die? but words remain a s a
5-7; similar phr. (in. 45, 2-3; 360, I 1-12; rncniorial) siiziig e p g h siizle a z i i ~a l g u s i i z
u l g i i l e n ~ s i zukiiq Hiiril-IS. 2041 (1 US-). 'speak good usords and you ?;ourself will be
itnnlortal' I 80.
D ilgeril: (*ilkgerii:) abbreviated 1)irective f.
of i l k ; nonnally 'forwards' of space, and in I> i i l g u s i i z Priv. N./:\. fr. iilgii:; ' i ~ l ~ n ~ e a s u r -
the enrlicst pried, when the cardinal points able, it~ustiniahle'. Survives only(?) in SW
were fixed by facitly east, 'eastwards'; later xx Anat. 'slial>eless' S D I ) 1430, Cf. iilgil-
also sometimes of time, 'earlier, preceding'. lenc$iz. IJyg. V I I I ff. &Fan. tilkiisiiz (sir, in
S.i.n.ni.1 p. IS,. phonetic rsriations. T i i r k u error) s a n s l z t l n l l g l a r k n 'to innumerable
v l u ilgerii: is common and normally means (Hcnd.) mortals' T T I I I 102: Dud. a l g i i s i i z
'enstwnrds', e.g. ilgerii: k i i n t u e s u k d a : sansrz t1nllglarrR Siru. 267, 13-14; do, 584,
'in the East' I E 8, I 1 E 8: U y g . I X i l g e r u : 12-13 ( U ~ S I Z ) i;i l g u s u z iikiig 7'11 V I I 40,
k u n t u g s u k (pap) I I I H 7 ( B T Y I 1 38): 12; USp. 102b. 7 ; SUV. 3 1 , 2 ; i i l g i i s u z
~ I I ff.
I Man.-A y o k a r u k o d ~i l g e r u k b r i i (rnis-spelt iiliigsiiz) b u y a n e d g i i k ~ l l n q'in-
at1 B ~ t i l m i g 'whose name has been heard numerable merits and good deeds' T T V 6 , 4 0 ;
above, below, in front, and behind' M I 26, 8 , 7 4 ; a.0. Siio. 21, 16 ( k o f u s u z ) : (Xnk.) XIII(?)
26-7: (Xak.) srrr(?) Tej. i I g e r u / i l e r i i 'for- Tef. (we have mentioned a few here) 5 y n t
wards; before (of time)' 124: xlv Mtth. gab1 t a f s i r i iilgiisiiz b o l m n s u n tbp 'in order that
'before, in front' (of place) i:leru: Mel. 14, I I ; t h e interpretation of t h e verses may not be
Rif. 90; fnqndrIama 'to go fonvards' i:Ie:ru: unduly prolix' (?.Borovkov translates 'without
kkt- (in margin) 24, 9 (only); al-wnladu'l- illustrative examples', but this is in~probable)
-ncmcnl 'eldest son' i:le:rii: o g u l 49, 10 (tu:n 338 (s.v. iilgii).
144): Gag. xv ff. i l g e r i ileri Vel. 7 7 ; I l g e r i
pi? !iodd-i pas 'heforr, in front', opposite T r i s . V. ELG-
to 'aftrr, behind' Snir. r r f r . 2 (quotn.): D ellg1e:- ( ? flig1e:-) Den. V. fr. e l l g ; 'to
X w n r . X I I I ( ? )i l g e r i i k e t d l l e r 'they went handle, ceize n i t h thi. hand', :uid the like.
 DIS. ALM
Survives in NI3 l'uv. iligle- 'to measure in Itc~atu'l-xa'qdniya an Exclamation meaning
thumh's breadths'; S E 'I'ar. ilikle- ditto R I 'yes'; a word in the Xikini (here probably,
1485; and elle- 'to handle', etc. in some NW more technically 'court') language; used in
and S W languages. Uyg. vrlr ff. Bud. b u answering omirs (begs) and kings Kaj. I 78:
b q a k 6ligleyii 'taking this knife in their K B (at the end of an interview with the king)
hands' U I V 32, 7: F a g . xv ff. hllkle- ('with llal t6p t u r u p qaktl Ogdiilmig-e 'Ogd"l-
-k-') rle g6tiir- 'to take up in one's hand' mi$ said "yes", stood up and went out' 3946,
Vrl. 71 (quotns.); 611kle- ha-dart dwardan wa 5027, 5668.
dastgir kardan 'to take in one's hand, to seize'
San. I r zr. r 5 (quotn.). ?E iiliil Hap. leg. In the text below both 1's
are marked as doubtful, and while tiliil is a
L) eliig1e:- I h n . V. fr. e l k g 'to ridicule, possible Dev. N. fr. "UI-, it seems more likely
mock'. In thc MS. of Kai. the Idm is vocalized that the word should be read uyu I gyu g ,
both with hasra and dammn. Survives in some Ulgtig. Uyg. V I I I ff. Bud. Sanskrit mdtrokdri
NE languages as elekte-/cl$Jcte-; NC Klr., 'a maker of measures' u3w Iyu(?) lju(?) g
Kzx. elikte-; NW Kaz. elekle-; cf. e1ii:g. kaltaql T T VIIZ A.45.
Xak. X I o l anl: eliig1e:dl: hazi'a bihi run
saxira minhu 'he ridiculed and mocked him' Dis. V. ALL-
Kaj. I 307 (verse; eliigle:r, eliigle:me:k):
XIII(?) Tef. sa.rira eliigle- 76: xrv Muh. D alal- Pass. f. of al- ; 'to be taken, received',
tawtiqahn 'to be impudent, insolent' C:rii$le- etc. A rare word usually replaced by the Refl.
( ? )hfel. 24, 13 ; Ri/.106 (seems to helong here, f. alln-. Survives only(?) in NE Tel. R 1378.
but the MSS. show a wide range of vocali- U Y ~ vrrr . ff. Bud. Sanskrit bhpd 'salaried,
zation, P:rigle-, P'riglii-, eyiirkle-, uyergele-, paid a wage' terke: a:l~lrnlgT T VIII 0.43:
uyergiile-): Kom. xlv 'to mock' elikle- CCI, (Xak. XI K B 782 a l ~ l g tv.1.
l in Vienna MS. for
C C G ; Gr.: KIP. xv o'dba 'to put (someone) a l ~ n g l l ) xrv
: Muh. (in a section on the Pass. f.)
to shame' 61ikle- T~rh.ga. 13; 'ayyaha ditto axada a l d ~ : ; uxida allldl: Rif. 129 (Mel.
25b. 9. allndl:).
D iilgiile:- Den. V. fr. iilgii:; 'to measure, D ula:l- Pass. f. of ula:-; 'to be joined (to-
estimate', etc. Survives only(?) in NC Kzx. gether), attached'. N.0.a.b. A quite different
iilgiilo-, Tob. iilgiile- R I 1859 Uyg. verb ulal- 'to become big, or bigger' (now
vrrr If. Bud. USp. 89, 1-2; 4-5 (iilgii:): Xak. obsolete?) is noted in Ca&, Xwar., KIP., and
XI K B (if you hide perfume, its smell makes Osm. fr. xrrr onwards; it is obviously ulti-
it obvious) bilig kizlese s e n tilig iilgiiler mately derived fr. ulug but is inexplicable
'if you hide wisdom, it gives measure to the morphologically. Uyg. vIrr ff. Bud. Sanskrit
tongue' 312; agayln soziimni saDa iilgiilep anubadhtrciti 'he fastens on' (sic Active,) 6yin
'I will reveal my speech to you measuring (my u1a:lur TT VIII F.14; (let us now have
words)' 792; (in the year 462) bitiyii tiikettim recited) b u n o m n u g k6ljiirii ulalmlg sii
b u s6z.iilgiile 'I finished writing this treatise, ti1tag1n 'the widely attached preface (Chinese
measuring (my words)' 6495: xrv Muh.(?) 1.-w.)-root of this scripture' Suv. 2, 4-5:
al-runzn 'to weigh' ii1gii:lemek Rif. 126 (mis- (Xak.) xrrr(?) Tef. (some szy that) guliibu(n)
spelt ii/giirlen~o:k, unvocalized; Mel. 39, 3 geherlerde ulalmlg 'the (sedentary) tribes
da:rtmak). are attached to (Borovkov 'reside in') towns'
325.
D ellgleq- ( ? Bligleg-); Recip. f. of eligle:-;
'to grasp one another by the hands' and T r i s . ALL
the like. Survives only(?) in S W Az.. Osm., E Clilig Ifap. leg.; no doubt a mis-spelling of
Tkm. elle$-. Xak. xr KO (he and the king 6llig perhaps due to overemphasis on the fact
bade one another good-bye) eliglegti kaldr
hl(l)ig k a d g u r a 'they shook hands, and the that the word contained two 1's. Uyg. v r ~ rff.
king stayed there grieving' 5445: xrlr(?) Tef. Man. (you were born as a divine teacher)
eliglea- 'to hold one another's hands' 75: b a r Blilig k o g kallg yiizinte 'in the face of
C a g . xv ff. Blikleg- Recip. f.; bd yak-digor the sky over all realms' T T 111 129.
dostbazi kardan rea dast ciruardan 'to engage in
horse-play and grasp one another' Son. I 12v. Dis. ALM
I : O s m . xv ff, elleg ( I ) (in a friendly fashion) D a l l m N.S.A. fr. a l - ; lit. 'a single act of
'to shake hands'; (2) (in a hostile fashion) 'to taking, or receiving', in practice usually 'a
grapple with one another'; in several texts debt' (due to oneself), or 'a tax' (taken by the
T T S I 263; I1 373; I11 245; I V 289. government). S.i.m.m.1.g. w. a wider range
of meanings including 'purchase'. See b e r i m .
D 01iigse:- Hap. leg.; Desid. Den. V. fr. Uyg. vlrr ff. Civ. (in a lease: 'if I get acrop from
oliig. Xak. xl e r oltigse:di: 'the man wished the land and') b 6 r i m a l l m kelse 'if debits and
he was dead' (an yaktin n t j y i t ) Kag. I 303 credits arise' USp. 11, 7-8; 19, 6-7; (66, 7-8);
(Bliigse:r, 01Iigse:me:k). 0.0. do. 32, 2; 111, 5 (iiziig-); Xak. xr a l l m
01-daynu'lladi 'alE'l-ins6n 'a debt which is due
Dis. ALL to a man' Kaz. 1 7 5 (prov.); 1 4 3 (1 6 : ~ ) 111252
;
VU ~ l a la respectful word for 'yes'. Pec. to (6te:-); a l l m b e r i m 11185, z (sagtur-); 214,
Xak. Xak. xt 11al barf rcn rna'nd/lrr nn'nn; 1 5 (satgag-); I11 288,8 (satga:-); 8.0.0.: KB
 I 46 DIS. A L M
k a y u s ~b e r i m t e g kayusl s l i m 'some of Indo-Europeat~. S.i.a.nl.1.g. cxcept N E where
them arc like a debt one owes, some like a debt Ilussian ~ohloko(a recent I.-w.) isused instead;
owed to one' 309: O s m . xrv to xvr a l t m 'a in S W O s n ~ .hut not Az., 'l'km. prunvunced
debt due to oneself' in several texts; a l i m elrnn. See nlnlnlrk. (Xak.) X I V fl411lr. nl-
s a t t m 'huyiny and selling, con~merce'once -trrffZ11 'apple' alma: Me/. 5 , 7; 6, 2; 78, 13;
(xvr) TTS 1 2 0 ; I I I 16; 11' 17. Rif. 77, 183: ORuz X I a l m a : nl-t~rffrih;the
Turks cell it u l m ~ l a :Knf. I 130: Xwar. X I V
I1 u l a m N.S.A. fr. Ills:-; lit. 'a single act of alrna ‘ripple+ ~ , , , b 8 ; lo: K ~ x,v~ .
attachment', in practice, rather indefinitely, ditto CCI; c;~.: K ~ X I~I l ol-lr,jlri!l
. alnla:
'contin~lous.lasting, pennancnt'. Survives in I , ~ 7,~ ~ . slv ditto /d, 22; a,l,, (lo. 17 (,gaq):
several NI.: Inngua~csH 1 1373, 1687; Kllak., xv ditto K,],,. s9, (and src lgac); 7.1rh. 9a. 2 :
Tuv.; NC Klr.; S i V ss Annt. S D D 1415, osm. 1 ~ . si,pples i n srvc.ll texts
1416. See Dor-rfer I1 522. UyR. V I I I ff. Civ. TTS I 2 1 ; 11 2q,
(my female slave named (PU) Tolat) men
Kallmtunll) kisidin u l a m s[atlp] a l m l g VU?I) olma: 'jar, pitcher'; morphologically
'whom I Kallmtu had bought irrevocably(?) Dev. N. fr. 1 01-, but it is hard to see any
from m y wife' USp. 56, 4-5 (a peculiar semantic connection. I4.o.a.b. X a k , xr olma:
transaction, perhaps mistranslated); u l a m al-carru 'jar, pitcher' KO$.I 130; o.o. 1375, 21
yarllg bhrtiirii y a r l ~ k n y u k e r m i $ 'he ( k u r u g ) ; II 234, 24 (kutrul-); III 182, 13
deigned to command that an irrevocable(?) (srz-): xtv M I I / ~nl-corm
. (rnis-spelt ncarra)
order should be given' do. 88, 9: Xak. X I o:lma: ATPI. 6, 2; Rif. 77; (11-qrrllrr 'enrthen-
K B (present to His four worthy Companions ware jug, o:lma: 170 (only).
~nnurnerable greetings) kesiiksiiz t u t a w
u l a m 'uninterrupted, constant, and V U F a l m r r uscd only in the Ilend. nz a l m l r
nouns' 31; kesiiksiiz u l a m 61, 13j8; u q i g 'oven\,helminz desire, lust', corresponds to
oklnnlg kijr u k u $ k a u l a m 'see that the Sanskrit trsnd. I'ec. to UyR.; no doubt, like
small boy is constantly attached to under- 2 a:Z, a 1.-\v., possibly Iranian hut not Sog-
stallding' 2123; (if nledicines w-crc effective dian. U Y ~ v111. ft'. Bud. Cr I1 11, 15; 12, 1 6 ;
against death) otaqr t u r u k a l g a y e r d i u l a m . T7' 1'1 71 ; 0.0. in do., p. 59 note 71.
'the would he permanently in atten-
dance' 1199; 0.0. 3714, 5490: X I I ( ?K~U V P T r i s . ALM
~hmB e ~ l e r f 9 es a l a m h a m u l a m 'and also D allmql: N . A ~fr.
. a l l n l ; 'creditor', with
continuous greetings to His Compantons' 7 : some irnplicatiotl of activity in the collection
xlrl(?) At. (the wise m a n . . .) tirildl u l a m s l z of debts; contrast alimllg. Survives orlly(?)
u l a m l bolup 'spends his life attached to those in NE ~ ~ allmql 1 , 'debt R 1 385
who have no (other) attachment'(?) (and Uyg. vrll ff. Bud. a l ~ r n q ~ l a r'my
~ mcreditors'
dies leaving a good reputation) 239; Tef. slrv. 16; o,o. do. 8, r z ; 18, 12: cjr..
u l a m a r t u k l u k 'an addition attached'(?) 325: alrmqllnrlm mn telim bolup gand as I
X w a r . xlv u l a m 'continuous' (greetings; cf. have many creditors- usp,32, 3; in do. 57, l 3
K B 31) 116: ( K o m .X I v u l a m is used as a in a list of. crsons who nlay not object to a
Postposn. with the Abl. meaning 'by means of, read hi)znligl urlukumuz o z l ~ g u m i i z
t h r o u ~ h ' ,and the like; it is difficult to see how n!lmqamlz bhrirnClmiz a g a m l z inln,lz
this meaning evolved CCG; Gr. 26s(quotns.)). 'ocr proxcny, blood rclntiorls(?), creditors,
61iim N , ~ ,fr, ~ o, l - ; a act of dying, debtors, elder and younger brothers': Xak.
C,i,a,p,a,l, v I l l fT, 61ii:mde, XI a11:myr: nrsla:n b6:ri:mcl: s1qga:n a
ozml:S she death. 13, 49 creditor is (like) a lion, and a debtor (like) a
(and st.c filiig): u y g . ff, p [ a n . -a~l u m mollse' k-clf. 175, 18; 409. O ; 1l.tll.c.
k u n i 'the day of death' nl 111I r, I I (i): Man. c &ll,,,go: see1 lmga:,
6liiminte TT III 150: Chr. o l i i m teginmiai
'how he met his death' U I 9 , 11 : Bud. 6liim ?F n l m ~ l a :'apple'; cf. nlma:. Pec. to Xalt.;
y6ri 'the land of death' PP 16, 7 ; 26, 3 ; 29, 8: proh. a I.-w. X a k . X I almtln: a[-tudrj!~
Bliim odi 'the time of death' U III 43, 28; 'apple' Kc,?. 1 1 3 8 ; 0.0. I , 130, 11 (almn:); I1
a.o.o. Xnk. xr alum al-nmcut 'death' Kag. I 311, 19; 111 272, 19.
75; a.o.0.: K R o l u m 1170 (1 aclg), 295, 881,
1067, etc.: XIII(?)At. o l u m d i n 69-e 'before ? a I l m l l g P.N./A. fr. a l l m ; originally
death' l z ; ~ ~6liim f . 'death3 7.45: xlv Muh. creditor, one who is due to receive money',
al-nlorcl 6:liim nfr/. 45, 6 ; Ri/. 138: Gag. contrast allmql:. Survives with the sanle
xv ff. ljliim (]) marg 'deathp;((2) 'the foam on meaning in various forms in NE R 1 385,
camel's milk' i3 a corruption of Mong. bs6me, including Khak., and as a l l m l l 'capable,
same meaning ( K ~ ~584, . flaltod lX4)): attractive' in S W Osm. and xx Anat. Xak. X I
X w a r . xlv a l u m 'death1 Qutb MN 145, a l ~ m l l ge r a[-rocrrlu'l-d6'in 'creditor' Knf. I
etc.: Kom. xrv ditto CCI, C C G ; Gr.: KIP. 148; a.0. 1240, 5 (uzlug-).
x ~ ditto
v Bul. 5, I I : xv ditto Tuh. 3 3 b 4.
D a l m a l ~ kA.N. (Conc. N.) fr. alma:; 'apple
?F a l m a : 'apple'; cf. almlla:. T h e double orchard'. Survives in its literal meaning in
form, end the fact that the apple is unlikely some NW and SW lnn~uages,hut used as a
to have heen native to the original Turkish place-name over a much wider arcn. i)oes not
hahitat, stlggeFt that this is a 1.-w., possibly occur in any l'~rkisl1text hefore xv, and then
 DIS.
'imprecation, curse' in SW Osrn. X a k . X I meaning 'to nl~use,curse'. X a k . S I ol aDa:r
Ilenq tn'yir 'nlli'l-itrrriir ji antr bndd fihi xalol ilendi: 'he reproved him' ('oyyaroh~r)because
ra'yil~i'a reproach to an adviser on a matter in he relied un him in his affai~s,and the r ~ g h t
which the faultiness of his views has become course (01-xnyr) t u r t ~ c dout to be the opposite
apparrnt' I 133; 111 450; (after ilen-) hence (to what he had a d v ~ s e d )hi.I 204 (i1e:-
nl-innlrirrra 'a rcprr~of'is callcd ilenq I z o 4 : K B n i l r (sic), i1enme:k; vrrsr): K l l kUriip
1010 (1 si1r11-): O s m . s ~ vto svl ilenq b u ~ t u me r s e Ilendi iizilg 'when I saw it and
'rcprnach' in xc\cral texts; 1c~'afru'to curse' was angry, it was you who rcproacl~edme' 795;
ilenq e t - ( x v ~ )7'7:'; 1 371 ; 11 524; 111 361 ; r1.n. 1204, 1206: K t p . urv i l e n - tosnx.ro/o cua
11'41~. lor11 vrrstn'irrol trtirrlrrr ~nn'rrri so.vip~ 'to be
thoroLKhly angry', not used in the (milder)
1) u l ~ n qN.:A.S. fr. u l l n - ; (of a road) 'winding, meaning 'to be disl,le:lsed' Id. 20: Ostrl. X I V
not stra~ght'. Ptc. to lia$. X n k . X I ultnq yo:l to xvl ilen- occurs in several texts; in xvl
01-fariqrr'l-tnultarui u,a loysn hi'l-ti~ur!awi 'a certainly 'to curse', earlier proh. nearer to this
road which is winding and not straight'; also than to 'to reprove' T l ' S I 372; I1 524; I11
used of anything winding f i f . I 133; I11 4jO 362; I V 415.
(misvocalized).
D ilin- Refl. f. (oftcn used as I'ass.) nf 11-; 'to
D i s . V. ALN- catch oneself or1 (something Ilnt.); tr) he
attached to (it llrrt.),'; to be caught suspended.
D nl111- Refl. f. of a l - ; originally 'to take for hung (on it L)ut.) . S.i.a.rn 1.g. with some
oneself', with the same range of meanings extended meat~ings. T i i r k i i V I I I ff. (a crane)
as a l - . S.i.a.rn.l.g., usually in a Pass. sense. t u y m a : t l : n t u z a k ( k ) a : ili:nmi:g 'inadver-
IJyg. V I I I ff. Bud. t e g i n m e k n o m u g 6 z k e tently got caught in a trap' I r h B 61: U y g .
a l t n ~ p 'taking for oneself the doctrine V I I I ff. Man. e r t i m l i g n l e g i k e i l i n m i g k e 'to
(Sanskrit dlznrma) of perception' T?' V 24, 74; the man who is attachcd to transitory pleasure'
a.o. [ I S p . 45, 4 : 0. KIT. rx tT. beg y e g i r m i : T T 111 50; 0.0. do. 128 ( a t k a g ) ; M I I I , 3 7 ,
yagda: a l ~ n m l g ~km u n q u y m a : (I have been -5 (ii) (3 a l ) : Bud. Sanskrit a s n j ~ ~not
parted) 'from my wife whom I took (in mar- attached' ili:nme:tin T T 1'111 A.29; 0.0.
riage) at the ape of fifteen' 11fol. I I , I : X a k . do. A.40 (iligsiz); D.8, 32; yilltlnick (sic)
X I 01 a l t m l n altndl: infornda bi-qabd daynihi
y a p q l n m a k l a r l g '(worldly) attachments' U
'he acted alone in collecting the debt due to 111 36, 36; similar phr. U I V 36, 96; T7'
him', without the help of others Kas. I 203 X 479(?); y b r t i n ~ i i k e a r t u k r a k i l i n m i g
( a l ~ n o r a11nma:k);
, similar phr. 11159, 3 ; 01 y a p q l n m l g kogillliig e r s e r 'if he has a mind
y a r m a : k l n allndl: 'he applied himself solely excessively attached (Ilend.) to this world' Suv.
to collecting (istoboddo bi-qnbd) his money' 148, I 5-16; 0.0. do. 263, I ; 373, 14: X a k . X I
I 22, I : KU y l g i t l i k y a v a k ~ l m a s g l n a l l n tlke:n to:nka: ilindi: 'the thorn was caught
'do not waste youth, take its advantages for (tn'allnqa) in the garment' (iliniir, il1nme:k;
yourself' 360; 0.0. 782, 1333, 4455: XIII(?)At. verse with illtldi: (misvocalized nlt~rdt:) rrrira
u l u g l u k m a o a s i z a l ~ n r n a gt e d i '(God) said, 'was made prisoner'); and nne says e r yag1:ka:
"greatness is mine, do not take it for yourself" ' 1Hndi: (same misvocalizntion) 'the man was
284; Tef. a h - 'to be takcn' 49: X I V Mtrh. made prisoner by the enemy', and k e y i k
rraidc~ 'to be taken' a l t n - Me/. 40, 13 (Rif. t u z a k k a : ilindi: 'the wild animal wns caught
~111-):G a g . xv ff. a l t n - giriftn'r f ~ r d a n'to be (to'allnqo) in the trap' Knf. 1 204; te@:
taken' Snit. 47r. r 3 : KIP. x l v n l i n - t r ~ i d nfd. 21 : knrga:g~rJa: ilitlmc: 'do not con^ 1111der
O s m . X I V to XVI alttl- 'to be captivated, fascin- (Id tod.~rrl.fi) the curse of G o d ' I1 288, 14;
nted by (someone Dot.)' in several texts T T S ilinii:r sot[~'olloq I11 358, 24: K B m a g a k i m
I 20; I1 28; other meanings not listed in T T S . i l i n s e t u t a r n l e n a n 1 'whoever attaches him-
1) hllen- Refl. f. of hlle:-; 'to rule, exercise self to rlle I hold' 664; 0.0. 1092, 4397: X I I I ( ? )
rule'. N.0.a.b. T i i r k u V I I I ff. hlan. e k i ye- At. 456 (elik): xrv R6g. ilin- 'to be caupht' (in
g i r r n i Cl(l)enmek 'the twelve rulers' M III the snares of the devil) R I 1485 (quotn.):
16, 6 (ii); 20, 14 (i): bl(1)enmekirn et02 C a g . xv ff. 111n- (sic) hand-rr giriftdr jtidan
me9is.i 'my physical pleasure in being a ruler' 'to be bound, taken'; the Rlimi author (i.e. I
T T 11 8, 43; 0.0. M 1I1 16, 9 (ii); 19, 14 Vel. 76) translatcd it 'ciciz ~ t r d a n'to hecome
( e r k s i n - ) : UyR. V I I I ff. Man.-A hf I 27, 10 weak, incapable' but was mistaken Son. I lor. 8
( u g u r ) : Bud. a l t l t o r l i i g bl(1)eniir y l l u z l a r (quotns.; perhaps a Sec. f, of a l l n - q.v.):
'the six kinds of ruling roots' (i.e. the sense K o m . xlv 'to be caught (in a trap)' illn-
organs) T T V I 189-90; (those devils) kentii- C C G ; Gr. 106 (quotn.): KIP. xrv ilin-
l e r n i Oze 6l(l)enilrler 'ruie over themselves' ~o'allaqoId. 19: xv in~abr11;o'to he entangled'
do. 267-8: 0.0. Pfal~l. 22, 3 ( u g u r ) ; Suv 567, i l i n - Ilirh. 6a. I I ; ta'alloqa i l i n - do loa. I I :
6 ; Tip. lob. 8 : xlv Cliin.-Uyg. Dict. k u e ~fu 'to Osm. xrv to xvt Ilin- 'to be entangled in,
submit, return to allegiance' (Giles 6,419 attracted by, interested in (so~nething)' in
3,726) illnip, R I 1486, may b e l o n ~here and several texts T T S I 530.
not to 11111-; the norr~lalword with this mean-
ing is iqgitl-; not listed in Ligrti. U u l a n - (u1a:n-) Rcll. f. (often i~scclas I'nss.)
of u1a:-; 'to be joined to (something Lht.)'. 1
llen- 'to reproach, hlanlc (someone Dot.)'. S.i.n~.m.l.g.X a k . X I u l a n d ~ :ne:D 'the thing
was joined (irt(~solc~) n ~ ' I 204
to s n ~ n c t l ~ i h-of.
Survives only(?) in SIT O v n . n,ith thestronger
C
 ' T R I S . V. A L N - I49

(ula:nur (sic), u1anma:k); (u:la:n in I 64, Survives only in SW. Uyg. V I I I ff. Bud.
1 4 seems to he the Imperat. of this verb, but tUgmig allnllg 'with a frorvning foreheads
the verse docs not scan and seems corrupt): U I1 59, 4(iii): Xak. xr allnllg e r 'a man with
K B b a y a t t a p g l g a b u u l a n m q iiziim ' t h ~ a large forehead' (dti'l-cohhati'l-'aqima)Kaj. I
my soul has devotcd itself to the ~crviceof God' 148: X I V M ~ i h .'aridu'l-cnhhn 'with a broad
3696; m u n l kod y a r u k qln a j u n k a ulan forehead' ya:si: alr:n11g Me/. 45. I r ; I<$. 140.
'abandon this (world) and join yourself to
the bright true world' 5421; a.o. 4049: xrv 1) ulunlug Ilap. lee.; T'.N.!A. fr. ulun. Xak.
Rbg. u l a n - ( I ) 'to he joined to somet thin^ xr ulunlug e r 'a man who owns arrow-shafts'
Dnf.); to attain, reach (s~,nicthir~gAcc. or (dri qidri!~/i?-sihdrn) Koj. I 148.
Daf.)' I< I 1681 (quntns.): Gag. xvff.
ulan-(-dl) day- zle yetif- 'to reach, attain' V P / . D alegllg IP.N.I.4. fr. oleg; 'grassy'. Survives
in some NW languages, e.g. I<az. iilenli R I
113 (quotn.); ulan- paywasfan wa hand-rt
paywand jrrhn 'to he jni ed, tied together' 1847. IJyR. V I I I ff; Bud. xwalrg qeqeklig
Blegllg y e r s u v flowery (Hend.), grassy
San. 81,. 9 (quotn.): X\Zar. xrv iixiratka
ulandl 'he joined the hereafter' (i.e. died) country' TT V 12, 123.
Nahc. 6, 16: Krp. xrv the entries after u1a:- VU?I: ala:glr (alif unvocalized but -9- cer-
in fd. 2 0 are confused and corrupt, but prob. tain) Hap. leg.; proh.. like many names of
the next two read ulan- itfap-iln ullan- animals, a I.-w,, perhaps xvith prosthetic a-.
(Refl. Lkn. V. fr. u:I) t a ' a s ~ l a'to be rooted, PU a l a n g a r a t 'a large rat' P. de C. 30 (from
founded', the scribe having got confused an unknown source) seems to he a reminiscence
between various der. f.s nf u:l and ula:- on of this word. Xak. X I ala:glr 'a thing of the
the one hand and w ~ s a l aand a ~ a l non the rat (al-crtrdcn) species; it 1s the jerboa (al-
other. -yarb~i');the Tiirkmen eat it' Kaf. I 161.
D ulrn- I<rll. f. of u11:- 'to hr twisted, to T r i s . V. ALN-
writhe'. N.0.a 11. 'I'hc second syllable in the
MS. of Kag. scems originally to havc been D 1linqii:le:- Den. V. fr. ilinqii:; 'to amuse
unvocalized, but dammo was added later in oneself, take recreation', or the like. Pec. to
two places; originally it was no doubt ulln- IJya. Uyg. vrlr ff. Bud. (then the hero
everywhere. Uyg. vrrr fF. Bud. yinqge bblln Arjfina) oynayu illnciileyii olurdr 'sat play-
ullntp tolganlp 'twisting and writhing with ing and amusing himself' (with the demon's
her slim waist' U I 1 24, I : Xak. XI ullntll: daughter) U I1 26, 6 ; u z a t ~m e g u n illn$U-
ne:g iltamd'l-jay' rua dara 'the thing twisted leyin 'may I long enjoy myself in joy' (in the
and turned', like a rope round a tree, and as a ocean of supra-mundane (Ptigsiz) joy) Suv.
snake writhes and twists (tarta'ir wa talfawi); 354, 7-8; a.0. U I I zz, 28.
and one says yo:l u l l n d ~ :'the road twisted'
KO?. I 204 (ullnur, u11nma:k); I 1 241, ro D alagad- Intrans. Den. V. fr. 2 *slag; 'to
(tolgan-): KB k a y u kaylku birle u l l n m ~ q become weak, to lose one's strcngth'. The form
b o l u r 'some become twisted with pain' 5243. is correctly rcprescnted in TT V and con-
firmed by the Caus. f. alagadtur-, but else-
D ulnat- Hap. leg.; Caus. Den. V. fr. ulun. where has beenmuch mishandled by scribes and
Xak. X I 01 okln ulnattr: amara bi-ifldh qidh transcrihers; written alagt- with the round
saninihi Imfta cu'ila niks 'he gave orders for -1- (Aramaic tatr) it was written, or at any
the repair of the shaft of his arrow because it rate transcribed as nlayu- in PP and alanur-
had n hrokcn end' Kay. I 267 ( u l n a t u r , ul- in Suv. There is no carly trace of 2 slag but
natma:k). it scems to survive as a l a n , broadly speaking
T r i s . ALN 'confused, disconcerted, uncomfortable' in
some NE lanjiuagcs R I 357, Khak., Tuv.;
D lllnqii IJev. N. fr. ilin-; 'rccreation' or NC Klr.. Kzx. and, in thc phr. a l a n t a l a n l
the 11kc. N.oa.b. Uyj?,. vrrr ff. Bud. taqtln a l a n t a r a n in SW Osm. N.n.a.h. Uye. vlrr ff.
ilinqiike 6 n m l q e r d i m 'I sct out (from the Bud. a n d a yek iqgek yok k i m a l a g a d m a s a r
city) for recreation' PP 5 , 4; a.o. do. I , r 'then there is no demon (Hend.) who does not
(atlandur-). become weak' TT V 10, 97; (then exhaustion
overcame the old man and) kiiqi alagad-
D ullnqig Dcv. N./A. fr. u l ~ n - ;'twisting, t l (transcribed n l a ~ u h )'his strength failed'
tortuoui'. N.o.a.b. Uyg. vrrr ff. Man. PP 37, 2; kayu neqe a q m a k s u v s a m a k
u l l n q ~ g s a n s n r t a kaltrmlz 'we have re- e m g e k i n alagadmlq (transcribed nlayurmak)
mained in the tortuous cycle of rebirths' k o g q a m ~ gttnllglar e r s e r 'however many
(Sanskrit santsdm) T?' 111 46: u l ~ n q l e mortals there may be weakened (Hend.) by the
ajunlarrntln k u t k a r t p 'rescuing them from ains of hunger and thirst' Stro. I 18, 4-6; k i m
their tortuous (cycle of) rebirths' do. 119. g u a l a g a d r n l j (nlnyrrrmtj) a$ b a r s l g tirgiir-
D al1nq11g Hap. leg.; P.N./A. fr. * a h $ -giiliik 'which will revive this weakened
Dev. N. fr. a h - . Uyg. vrrr ff. Bud. Sanskrif hungry tigress' do. 610, 18; a.o. do. 117, 16.
Irihlropnnifnt 'the Recret doctrine of sc~luisition
bulunq a l t n q l ~ gt ~ l t a gT?' V I I I E.J. D a l o g a j t u r - Caus. f. of alagad-; 'to
weaken'. N.0.a.b. Tiirkii vrrr ff. Rlan.
D alrnllg P.N./A. fr. a h ; usually preceded k a m a g a g a l a g a d t u r u r 'it weakens all men'
by a qualifying Adj., 'having a . . . forehead'. M I I I 1 1 , 12 (i); (the bright day) k a r a n g
 XLS
rpclt oldur- 420, 577, 620-2, 765, 956, 5971, phonetic changes as olur-. Cf: olxut-.
etc.: XIII(?)Tef.oltur-lotur- 'to sit, to re- olgurt-. THrkU V I I I oztimin 01 tegrl:
main stationary' 237, 240: xrv Mtrh.(?) qa'ada x a g a n olurtdi: 'that snme Heaven (which had
'to sit' o l t u r - Rif. I 14 (only); a/-qtr'tid helped my parents) seated me myself (on the
o l t u r m a k 124: Gag. xv ff. oltur-(-dl) throne) as xojan' I E 26, 11E 21 : C a b xv ff.
otnr- Vcl. I 17; oltur- ('with hack vorvels') o l t u r t - (spelt) C'aus. f.; nijdrrdnn 'to seat'
ni$nltnn'tosit'Snn. RZV.12: X w a r . X I I I olttfr- Snn. 83r. 29 (quotn.): X w a r . X I V o t u r t - 'to
/ o t u r - ' A / i 7, 12: x ~ r r ( ? )y a l e u z o l t u r u r - scat' Qrrtb 120: KIP. xlv o l t u r t - (~nis-spelt
(or -d- ?) 6 r d l 'she was sitting alone' 0i. 56; o/!ur!u!-) aq'ada 'to seat' fd. 2 1 : xv ditto
a.o.o.: xrv oltur-lotur- Qrrt6 116, 120; MN o l t u r t - Tuh. 5 4 b 8.
88, etc.; t a x t Uze o l t u r u p 'sitting on the
throne' Nnhc. 204, 9 ; biznig o l t u r g u ykrle- J l 6101-t- Cam. f of iiliir-; 'to have (someone,
r i m l z 'the places where we reside' do. 304, Arc.) killed'. N.0.a.b. Uyk. vr11 ff. Bud. (the
14: K o m . xrv 'to sit' oltur- W I , C C G ; Gr.: beg called J<u 'I'ao) bizni oliirtdi 'had us
KIP. xrtr qa'nria oltur- I$arr. 7 5 , 9 : xrv ditto killed' Suo. 7, 2-3; 0.0. do. 8, I I , etc.
fd. 21 ; qa'nda ma colasn o l t u i - Brrl. 71, 5 :
xv qa'nda o l t u r - Kao. (7, I and 5); 30, 10; . T r i s . A1,R
75, 2 ; oltur-lotur- Tub. zgb. 11: Osrn. S ilerl/ilerii See ilgerti:.
xrv ff. o t u r - (only in phr.) is noted in several
texts T T S 1 5 5 3 ; 11739; I V 615. D u l a r l i g Hap. leg.; P.N.:A. fr. u1a:r. Xnk.
XI ularlig ta:g 'a mountain full of partridges'
D 6lirr- (?016r-) the earlier Caus. f. of 61- (ya'riqib) Kay. I 148.
to kill'. Survives only in one or two NE
languages R I 1250 and Tuv. Elsewhere dis- D o l u r s i k Dev. N. fr. o l u r - ; n.0.a.b. Tiirkii
placed hy oldiir- in about XI. Tiirkii V I I I v r ~ r(when I hcard this news, sleep did not
very common in I , I I , T, Blur- being about come to me by night and) k u n t u z o l u r s ~ k r m
three times as common as 6lu:r-, but this may kelmedi: 'rest did not come to me by day'
not be significant: V I I I ff. Man. iiliir- occurs T 12; a.o. T 22.
several times in Chuas.: Yen. (in my 39th
year) tok(k)uz altmlg e r 6lU:rmlg 'I killed IlersUk 'waist-belt'. Survives only(?) in SW
59 men' Ma[. 48, 3: Uyg. vlrr ff. Man. Anat. llersik, flersiik, ilirsik SDI) 785-7.
8liirtllm 'I have killed' T T 11 15, 2; a.0. Xak. X I . i l e r s u k rikkatu'l-sardufl 'trouscr-
M I 18, 5: Bud. 616rgoke TT V I l l N . 9 ; belt' Kag. I 152: xrv Muh.(?)al-tikka i:le:rsiik
U 111 4, 3 (1dala:-) PP I , 6 ; 2, 2; 3, 3, and (?, unvocalized) Rif. 167 (only): KIP. xv iikka
many 0.0.: 0. Ktr. rx ff. yeti: b6rl: aliirdim llersik Tuh. 9a. I : O s m . xl-xvr ilersik
'I killed seven wolves' Mal. I I , ro; 0.0. Mal. 'trouser-belt' in several texts TTS 11 526;
I V 416.
44, 3 (Shchcrbak 44, 5 ) ; do. 49, 3.
D a l a r t - Caus. f. of a l a r - ; used only in the Dis. ALS
restricted sense of 'to make (the eyes) red with
anger'. The word 'eyes' was nortnally ex-
pressed, but later omitted, the word then D 6le:s vocalization dubious since it is listed.
meaning 'to look angrily'. Survives in this under -S, in a section containing N.s w. two
meaning only(?) in NC Kzx. Xak. XI 01 aga:r short vowels. No doubt a Den. N./A. fr. 6:l.
k6:zln alartti: lamaha ilayhi bi-bafar bdiir hut -e:s does not seem to occur elsewhere
ynzar 'he glanced at him with the look of ns a Den. Suff. k c . to Kaf. Xak. X I 6:le:s
one whose eyes are red with anger' Kap. III k6:z al-'aynu'I-lntifotu'l-rrrl:~iw'an eye with a
428 ( a l a r t u r , alartma:k): KB in 4845 the kindly look', like the eye of a drunkard (al-
Vienna MS. reads a l a r t t ~for sagittl, q.v.: -sakrdn); in a verse bulna:r menl: 6:le:s ko:z
Gag. xv ff. a l a r t - (spelt) pnfm-rri a z jay? xira 'this melting (01-sakrri) eye captivates me'
hardnn 'to make thc eyes stare in anger'; but Kay. 1 5 9 .
the verb cannot be used hy itself, the word D olsik second syllahlr unvocalizecl, but the
'eyes' must be expressed San. 47v. 8: XWW. obvious transcription is olsik rather than
xrv a t a a n a g a a l a r t u b a k s a 'if a man looks iilegik or other variants which have been sug-
angrily at his father and mother' Nnlrc. 284, gested; if so, a Dev. N./A. fr. 01- meaning
17 ff.: O s m . xrv a l a r d u bak- 'to look angrily 'dying, death', or the like. N.o.3.b. Tiirkti vlrl
at (someone Dat.)' in one text T T S 1124. (deceived by the honeyed words and luxurious
D Ilert- Caus. f. of ller-. Apparently sur- treasures (of the Chinese) many of your
vives only(?) in NE Tel. ilert- 'to disclose', Turku people died) Tiirkii bodun 6lsikiv
R I 1481, but see iler-. Xak. X I 01 a n w b6rye: Gogay ylg tagiiltiin (q.v.) yazl:
k6:zlge: bi:r ne:g ilerttl: awqa'a bi-bararilti konayin t b s e r T i i r k u bodun Zilslkig anta:
xaycil yay' 'he put the faint outline of some- afilg kigl: anga: boggu:ru:r e r m i ~'evil
thing before his eyes' KO$. I11 428 (llertiir. people saying, "you Turku people are dying,
i1ertme:k). let us settle in the east in the Yin Shan moun-
tains and the (PU) Tugultun(?) plain" seem
D o l u r t - Caus. f. of olur- 'to seat (someone thus to have advised the death of the Turku
Acc.) on (something Dat. or Lac.)'. Survives
with much the same range of meanings and ..
people there' I S 6-7,II N 5 ; TiirkU bodurn
.]rip 61 tutslklgln bunta: urtxm yagllrp
 I jz DIS. ALS
n l s l k i ~ i nyeme: b u n t a : u r t r m 'oh 'Tiirkii bbrig ' E k e them whatever thcy want In the
people, I have set down here how you main- way of receipts and payments' 442 I .
tained a realm when you (stood topether?), and
I have set down here how you dicd when you u l u g has a curious history; nripinally it meant
\vent astray' do. 10-11, do. 8. 'country' in a geographical sense, as opposed to
1 6:l (q.v.) with its political implications, but
Dis. V. A L S - it began t o he associated with the names of
cities, and by X I in some langrlagcs it nirant
I) a k a : - Hap. Iep.; Ilesid. f, of al-. X a k . X I 'city' rather than 'country'. An carly I.-n,. in
o l a t alsa:~Il: 'he d e c ~ d r dand desired to buy i M o n ~ . ,where it hecame rrlrrs to comply with
(~.o$tnri)a horse' Koj. I 278 ( a l s a : r , a1sa:- %long. phonetics and acquired a political
ma:k). rather than a ~ e o ~ r a ~ h i csense. al It was
originally uscd for the largest pnliticnl unit
I) 11sa:- lisp. leg. ; I ) c ~ i d .f, of 11-. X a k . xr known, the hlong. enipire (see s r l r below).
e r la:gdln 11sa:dr: 'the man decided to and when this was s p l ~ into t four h c t ~ c c nthe
descend (j,nrr=il) fmm the rilrruntain (etc.)' f(~trrsons of Ciqfiis it was uscd for each of these
Kay. 1 2 7 8 ( ~ l s a : r ,11sa:ma:k) four parts, c . ~ 'the . trllrs of CaRatay'. 'l'hen.
I) 6lse:- Ifap. leg. ; Desid. f. of iil-. X a k . xr since the R~IonKnlsthoupht more in ternis of
01 e r 01se:di: 'that man decided to die peoples than of territories, it came to mean 'a
(01-mnrut) and wished to' Kat. 1278 (Slse:r, confederation of peoples (&I)', the peoples
6lse:me:k). .being divided into 'tribes' ( a y m a g ) , the tribes
into 'clans' (boy), and these into families
I> alsrk- Eli~phatic Pass. f. of a l - ; 'to be ( u r u g ) . All these mnrds, except perhaps the
rnhhcd of (something Acc.)'. N.0.a.h. X a k . third, were Turkish and the second, fourth,
X I 01 tava:rtn alsrktr: !~rcrrbn mdlrc'l-mcrrl and fifth have a contint~nushistory in Turkish,
r m rulihn 'the man's property was plundered hut the first had so conlpletely lost its original
and carried off hy force' Knj. I 2 4 3 ( a l s ~ k a : r , meaning that when it was reintrod~rccdinto
alsrkma:k): KB (if he sees gold o r silver, he Turkish it appeared in its Mong. form UIUS
covets it) i d i s i b a g l n y e r yB b a g a l s ~ k a 'he r (not ulug) and with its hlong. meaning. U l u g
devours the head of its owner o r loses his seems to survive only in NW I<ar. L. R I 1697;
own' 2726; similar phr. 4r1c): s r v ibIrih(?) at- in all other language groups (except NC where
-moRytir 'coveted, grudged'(?) a l s l k m ~ gRif. it is obsolete) it is u l u s 'nation, people, tribe',
148 (only). and thc like. 'I'iirkii vrlr (in the list of foreign
powers represented at Iciil T4gin's funeral)
T r i s . V. A L S - B u x a r n k u l u g 'thc countrp of the Bnkharints'
I1 +Isire:- Ifap. lcg.; l'riv, Den \I. fr. 1 4:l. (proh. in Inner hlongolin, not I3nkhara it-
'Tiirkii v t r ~ P l s i r e m i g x a ~ a n s i r a m ~bo- g self, see S. (;. I<lyaslitorny. Drrtvrct?trrhshi~
d u n l g 'the people who were not organized in riinichrskir pn~uyo~nil<i, ILloscow, I y64 pp. .
a realm and had no .union' I E 13. 126 ff.) I N 12: Uyg. V I I I ff., Man.-A u l u g
'country', several occurrences fil I z h , 25-9:
D Plsiret- Caus. f. of P h i r e : - ; n.o.a.b. Man. K o c o ulrlg i k i o t u z b a l ~ k'the country
T i i r k i i V I I I e l l i g i g e l s i r e t m i ~x a g a n l l g r g of Koqo and its 22 towns' Ill 111 40, 6 (ii);
x a g a n s l r a t m l ~ 'put an end to the realm b u r x a n l a r u l u g ~ 'the country of the
of those who had a realm and deposed the Buddhas' T T I I I 53. 164; a.o. do. 60-1 (1 b:l):
xngatt of those who had a .uo#nrr' I E 16, I1 E Bud. C a m b u d v r p u l u g 'the country of
1 3 ; siniilar phr. I E 18. Jambudvipa' Niirtt-tr. 184; T T V I I l K . 8 ;
B a r a n a s u l u g 'the country (or city?) of
nenares' PP 23, 7 ; 44, z ; C i n a d b g u l u g 'the
D i s . AL$ country of China' Hiien-fr. 240. 267; 0.0. T T
D all9 N.Ac. (connoting reciprocit?-) fr. a l - ; I a I I A.31 (1 &:I); c . 1 (2 6llig); E.17; T 7 ' I V
hy itself. 'taliinF, receiving', and the like, but t o , 21 (1 &:I); VI 08; V I I 4 0 , j q ; U 11 23, 2 1 ;
tlsirally user1 irr the phr. a l ~ g b e r i g 'buyinc and PI' 3, 6-7 ( u l u g b o d u n 'the people of the
rcllinp, commerce'. S.i.a.m.l.g. See Doerfer I1 yountry'); 30, R; 6 2 , 3 : Civ. k a m a g PI u l u $ l a r
53.1. 539. (lye. vrrl ff. Civ. alrg seems to be a all realnis and countries' T T I I ; b a l ~ ku l u g
generic term for 'tax, levy'; (after a list of four do. 7 ; a.o. IJSp. 88, 15: s l v Chirt.-Us#. Dirt.
~pecifict3se.s) negii me altg b i z t i l e m e z b i z krro 'country' (Gilrs 6,609) u l u s (sir) R 1 1606;
we \rill not demend (the four taxes named or) I,igeli 27.1: X a k . X I u l u g in the language of
any kind of levy' USp. 21, 1 3 ; b i l e k i a119 (;igil 01-qnrya 'village'; and among the people
bbrig t l l t a g l n d a 'concerning o u r joint trading of Ballsiigun, and the towns (or districts?
operations' do. I I I , 3-4: X a k . XI allg hiliid) of Ar@ associated with it, al-holda
frilriiltr'l-jirhi ura'l-nnsihii'i 'places for drawing 'town' (or district ?);hence the town (halda) of
water from water-holes and tanks'; (alig the IlalHs5gun is called KU:Z Ulu:$ (sic) Kaj. I
name of a village); allg al-nrrr'Zxada hi'l-dayn P2: KB t e l i m a r t t r Qlde y a y k e n d u l u p
li'l-#orin1 'a claim on a debtor for what is many new towns (Hend.) sprang u p in the
on in^'; hence one saps all:* (sic) b6:ri:g realm' 1043; k e n d u l u g k a 4316; u l u g t l n
'receipt and payment of what is due' (haqq) u l u g k a kticiigli klgi 'a man who travels from
Kag. 1 6 2 : K l l (consort with merchants as they one town to another' 4814: X I I ( ? K ) R V P kayu
come and go) n e g i i k o l s a b e r g i l nlrg h a m k e n d u l u g o r d u k a r g t y4r-e 'evrry town
 D I S . V.

(Hend.) royal court, castle and place' 26; xrll exceptionally 'to get accustomed to(something
on a coin struck in Tiflis in A.H.644 (A.D.1244- Dot.)'. Uyg. V I I I ff. Man. T T 11 17, 84-5
1245) u l u g Monkol ulu:g beg ' b g of the (1 a:$): Xak. X I 01 m a g a : a l r m alrgd~:'he
great Mongol empire' (translating Monp. y ~ k e helped me to collect a debt (fi qobdi'l-dajn),
Moqgol ulus) D. I,ang, Studies in the Nrrnris- etc.' Knf. I 188 (allgu:r, a11gma:k); ola:r
matic History of Grorgia in Trn~rscnrrcasia, ikki: tava:r satr$ga:n a1rgga:nla:r ol 'those
New York, 1955, p. 35: x ~ r r ( ? Trf.
) U ~ U S(sic), two are constantly selling property tq. and
kend u l u s 'villape, town' 327: ~ I Mrrh.(?)
V buying it from (yqtariydn) one anolher' I
a/-krirn rua'l-wilZya 'district, province' ulug 518, 22: KB 2360 ( y a r ~ k l a n - ) :X I V A h h
(sic?, MS. ulnus) Rif. I 79 (only): C a R xv ff. dxada mina'l-axd (?error for dxir) 'to take
u l u s xalq 'people' Vel. 119; u l u s (rpelt) xalq from one another' allg- Me!. 42, 6 ; Rf. 133:
wa camd'of 'people, cornmunity' Snn. 86r. 26 Gag. xv ff. allg- (spelt) Recip. f.; ( I ) mu'd-
(quotn.): X w a r . xrv u l u s 'people', usually in wada kardan 'to barter' (quotn.); (2) metaph.,
the phr. UIUSCl Qutb 198; u l 8 M N 72, etc. : mrr[d'ann wa dust-brizi hardan 'to exchange
O s m . xrv to xvr ulus 'cnunxy' or 'people', abuse and blows'; (3) az-ham rabridan ma
in the sense of a pnlitical unit under a ruler, ax yah-dignr giriftnn 'to rob and take from one
sometimes in association with 61; xvrr 'tribe' another' Sari. 46v. 13 (quotns.): Kom. xrv 'to
in two dicts. 1'7's1720; I1 925; I11 708. exchange, trade in' all$- CCI, C C G ; Gr.:
Krp. xlv fd. 50 (1 ti:n): O s m . xrv and xvr
D iiltig Dev. N. fr. Me:- usually a Conc. N. alig- verig- 'to give and take mutually'; xv
share, portion' with some specific applications all$- 'to set light to (something Dot.) T T S I
like 'chapter' (of a hook) and 'fraction'; prac- 2 1 ; I V 18: xvrrr alig- . . . and, in Rrimi, 'ddaf
tically syn. up.and commoner than iiliig. kardan 'to get used to (something)' Sun.
S.i.a.m.l.g.; in some NE languages i i l e ~ .See 46v 17.
Doerjer 11 546. Uyg. V I I I ff. nud. (Sanskritlost)
ya:rrm iiliig 'a half' T T VIIZ A . 7 ; n o m D Clleg- Recip. f. of e1le:-; 'to come to an
iiliiSin bulrr 'receives his share of the doc- agreement, make peace, with one another'.
trine' T T V I 78; 0.0. do. 305, 375 (v.1.); S.i.m.m.l.g. with much the same meaning.
(I am) b i r tanqu y 6 r n i ~iiliiqi bolup 'a frac- Xak. XI KB (if you can get no help against
tion of a morsel of earth' U III 37, 26; k a z an enemy) y a l a v a ~~ d r ps e n b a r Clleg y o n
iiyiiri evininig y6tlnq iiliiginqe 'of the size 'send an ambassador and go and make peace
of one-seventh of a perilla seed' Pfahl. 6, 6 ; with him' 2362: xlrr(7) Tef. &l(l)egmek
onunq iiliig 'Chapter 10' USp. 94, 12; a.0. 'peace' 74: Klp. xrrr is~alaha'to be reconciled
Hiien-fs. 6 : Civ. ttiz iiliig 'equal parts' (of (ba:ng- and) &l(l)e:g- Hort. 34, r I ; ~ d l a h a
various ingredients) H 1 166; 11 8, 42 and mina'l-pl!~ 'to make peace' (ba:nla:g- and)
44; (if I marry and have other children) 01 C:l(l)e:g- do. 41, 13: xv isfaloha elleg- (sic, in
o g l a n l a r birle ten 8 k iiliig (PU) kobt facsimile) B I ~24v.:
. Osm. xv and xvr elleg-
b6rtirmcn 'I will bequeathe him an equal 'to make peace, come to terms'; in two texts
share with those children' USp. 98, 17-18: T T S 11530; 111366.
Xak. XI iiliig al-nosib 'share, portion'; the D rlig- Hap. leg.; Recip. f. of 11-. Xak. XI 01
-9 was originally (ndluhrf) - g ; (here follow m e n i g birle: ta:gdln kodi: 111gdr: 'he com-
UlUg and ulug); iiliig tafriqatrc'l-ansibd' peted with me in descending (fi'l-nuzlil min-
hayna'l-qawm 'the distribution of shares among the mountain' KO?. I 190 (lll$u:r, 11rgma:k).
a number of people'; the -g is altered from -Q
(Ar. parallel quoted) ICng. I 62: K B tegse D ilig- Recip. f. of il-; 'to get caught in one
e r k e iiliig 'if a man gets his share' 673; 0.0. another'and other cognate meanings. Survives
432 (erej), I 129, 1420 (b8:z), 1686: XIII(?) At. in some NE and S W languages, with a wide
iiliig bold1 miill kigiler a r a 'his wealth was range of meanings in Osm. Xak. XI ikki:
distributed among others' 243; Tef. iiliig 'part, ne:g birle: iligdi: ta'allaqa'l-fay' bi'l-lay' 'one
share' 338: xrv Mrrh.(?) 01-tia$ib Uliig Rif. 188 thing got caught in another'; and one says
(only): G R ~ xv . ff. iiliig bir miqdar we hir k a n ~ ~iligdl:k 'the dog's penis was caught
b6liih we bir bazci 'a certain quantity, one part, (ta'nllaqn) in the bitch'; and one says a d g l r
one share' (quotn.); iiliig also Irisfa oe narib iligdi: 'the stallions (either horses or camels)
'portion, share' (quotn.) VrI. 118; Uliig Iripra bit one another' (ta'dddd) (iligii:r, iligme:k,
wn huhra cua rnsnd ditto San. 86r. 27 (quotn.): sic in MS.); (here follow u l ~ g - ,iileg-, ulag-,
Xwar. xrv tiliig 'share' Qrrfb 203; Nahc. 30, 1119-); 01 m e n i g birle: tobtk iligdi: 'he
I ; 141, 1 2 : K o m . xrv 'plrt, share' iiliig CCI. competed with me in hanging up the ball
C C G ; Gr. 270 (quotns.): KIP. xrv (iilii: and) ( j i ta'liqi'l-ktrra), and argued with me about
iiliig ('with fmnt vowels') 01-ttnsib id. 20; which of us hung it up best' (ayyund a'loq
al-hiysa iiliig Bul. 6, 4: xv cnz' wa'l-nasib lihd) (iligiir, i1igme:k) KO$. 1188-90: K B y a -
'part, share' iiliig Tuh. Iza. 2; napib iiliig g u s a qerigke iligse e r i 'if (the enemy's)
do. 36b. 10: O s m . xrv ff. iiltig 'part, share'; tnen approach and engage the army' . . . tigin
c.i.a.p. T T S 1 7 4 3 ; I1 949; 111728; I V 802. tlroakin t e g y a k a t u t ilig 'go for him tooth
and nail, grab his collar and engage him' 2375-
Dis. V. AL$- 2377: Gag. xvff. ilig- band pdan-i s z i
D all*- Recip./Co-op. f. of al-; normally 'to bi-cci'i 'of a thing, to be tied o r fastened in a
take, or receive from one another', with other place'; the reason why the Infin. is - m e k
cognate .meanings. S.i.a.m.1.g. ; in SW Osm., (kcifi, i.e. as opposed to 11-, San.'s spelling of
 il-) and the conjugation is with front vowels is 1) Blig- llap. lec. ; C'ri-op. f. (with a connotation
that it is derived from the noun (Infz) i l m e k of completeness) of fill:-. X a k . X I iillgdi:
. Klp. xv tnjabbaka
ddm 'a trap' Son. I ~ o v 6: ne:o ibtnlla'l-jay' wn nnfndnfi'l-ruttiha f i
'to he entangled, ensnared' illg- (speltilitif-, aczciyihi 'the thing was wet, and rnoishrre
vd in Ttrh.'s authority having been read as penetrated every part of it' KO?. I 189
td) Tuh. lob. 7. (oli$U:r, 6ligmc:k). I

U uIa$- R e c ~ p . f. of ula:-; 'to be jo~ncd V U D ? ol$e:- Hap. Icg. I,ut cF. rilset-; neither
t o ~ c t h c r(or to somethinp Ilaf.)'. In the verb is vocalircd In thc MS.hut the rcfcrcnce
medieval pcriod the Ger. ula$u: was used as to eyes sugccstc a connection with K:l, cf.
an .4dv. ~ n c a n i n'continuously'.
~ S.i.m.m.1.g. 6:le:s. Prima facic a I k n . V. fr. *iile$, which
X a k . X I bi:r ne:g b1:rke: u l a g d ~ :'onc thing might be identical with ii:lc:s, ( I . \ . . , if that
was joined (iftosaln) to another' Kng. I 189 word was n7is-sprlt. Gigil X I e r a q t p ii1ge:di:
(ula$u:r, ulnpn1a:k): K I j i k i n j u n ulag 'join c3'n'I-roctrl !tnttd ismnlinrrn tnrfrrhu ~ u nkddn
togcthrr the two worlds' (i.c. this world and the on yrrifd 'nlnylri ~riinfid(lnti'1-rii' 'tlic man was
next, hy seckinr the company of pious men) so hungry that his cyes felt dizzy, and :~lrnost
4354; (in thc cnd) ulagmlg e t iizler uziilgii closed, because of 111srstrcnle h u n ~ c r 'Knj. I
t u r u r 'hodies and souls joined to one another 283 (ol$e:r, ii1ge:tnc:k).
\rill hc parted' 6146; ~ I I I ( ?At.
) neguke bu
an1 ula$u k t n a r 'why does it continuously VLTD olvet- Hap. l c ~ . Carrs. ; f. c ~ ijl$e:-,
f q.\7.
punich h i m ? 446; Tef. ula$- 'to be joined one X a k . (or v i g i l ? ) xr 01 anl: oigettl: nca'ahrc
to another (Dot.); to commrinicate (something irnttci irmnrinrrn rarfuhht min Jcilika 'he starved
Arc.) secretly (to someone Unt.)'; i k i a y him until his eyes felt dizzy as a r:sult of it'
ulavu 'continuously for two months' 326: X I V Kaj. I 262 (olgetur, 6 l ~ e t m c : k l :(Ktp. xv
Rbi. ulng- 'to join oneself to(son1ething Dot.)' faia.un 'to ill-treat (son,eone)' elaey- (sic) Tub.
R I 1684 (quotn.): F a g . s v ff. ulag- ba-yak- 2821. 13; maJStix 'ill-treated' olgeyiptir do.
-digor pnywastan rca band ~lrdnn'to be joined ~ q h 3. ; might hc a mis-spclt rcmini3cence of
or hound to one another' Son. 81v. 16 this verb o r 019~:-).
(quotn.): X w a r . X I V uIa$- 'to be joined to
(something Dot.)'; ulngu/ula$1 'continuously' T r i s . ALS
Qrrtb 197; ulaa- IMN 325: KIP. YV katila 'to D iliglig Hap. leg ; P.N /A. fr. *llig Dev. N.
adhere, stick together' ulup- (specifically so fr. il-. Uyg. VIJI ff. Man. (Ipascions) iligli$ I
spelt) Kav. 74, 6: O s m . xlv ff. ula$- c.i.a.p.; t a r t t g l l g 'u hich fasten onto a man and drag
six shades of meaning distinguishetl T T S I him' T T I11 42.
719; 11924; 111704; 1V781.
I> iiliigliig P.N./A, fr. uliig; (of nhjects)
D ullg- Co-op. f. of 1 ~ 1 1 : - ;(of wolves) 'to 'held in equal shares'; (of persons) 'entitled to
howl toeether' and the likc. Survives in a sharc (of snnrcthing)'. S.i.s.m.l. UyB. V I I I ff.
NE lihnk. and S\V. Xak. st biiri: barqa: Civ. Elqi(?) birleki tcu tilti$lila y e r i 'the
u l ~ $ d l : 'the wolves (etc.) ho\vlrd ('nruot) land which I hold in equal shares with
together'; in a verse u l g ~ pe r e n biirleyii 'the EIyi(?)' USp. r r , 4-5; 0.0. do. 3, 10; 13, 3 ;
men howl (tn'ccd) like wolves' KOJ. I 188 29, 9 ; 55, 5: X w n r . S I V iiliIgliig 'hnving a
(ullgur, u1tgma:k) : F a g . xv fl. San. 82r. 16 share (in s o m c t h i n ~Ahl.)' Qutb 203.
(uI1:-).
I> ule$- Co-op. f. of ule:-; properly (of Ilis. ALY
several people) 'to divide (something Acc.) S a l a y Sec ayla:.
equally among (themselves)', hut sometimes,
more vaguelv, 'to di\.ide (something) up'. E u l y a k See uldag.
S.i.a.~n.l.g. with phonetic variations. Uyg. V U ? F ulya:n IIap. ICE.;proh. n I.-w. Al-rcil
V I I I tf. Civ. bolrnrg tiigiin t e o iilegilr biz
is not a known Ar. word; Atalay is pcrhaps
'we will share the resultant crop equally' right in amending it to a/-rabnl 'a kind of flea-
USp. 28, 6; a.o. do. 55. 16: xrv C,'ltiii.-U.v$. bane, P~rlicarin'. X a k . XI u1ya:n 01-rdl (sic)
Dict. f61t 'to divide' (Giles 3,506) uleg- R I cvn hrrrcn nsl nnbf tn~yihi'l-ri!z j~r'knl'the cdiblc
1848: Xak. X I ola:r Ikki: t a v a : r l n filc~cll: root of a fragrant plant' Kaf. I 121.
mayjnzn RUN rucilrid min lrrrmd mrilnhrr wn
n.mda lri,rfnfnh~r'each of them divided his T r i s . ALY
property and took his sharc' Knf. I 189
(iilegii:r, ule$me:k): srv Rb<. tile$- 'to divide I> u1a:yu: G c r . of u1a:- used as nn .Ad\,.; cop-
among oneselvcs, to share; to distribute' R I nate to u1a:tl:. Survives only(?) in NE 'l'uv.
1848 (quotns.): Gag. xv ff. uleg- (spelt) u l a y u l a y 'continuously, one after the other'
tnqsim kardan 'to divide, distrihute' Son. 81 v. Pal. 421. See a n p l a y u : . TUrkii vlrr
16 (qr~otn.):X w a r . XIV iileg- 'to divide (some- u1n:yu: 'all togeth-r, en bloc', qualifies the
thing, Acc.) between (people Dot.)' Qlrfb 202: following noun; (Listen) ulapu: 1nlyigll:nlm
K o m . xlv 'to divide, share' Uleg- C C I ; Gr.: 'all of you my younRer brothers' (my sons, my
KIP. xrv qarnmn'l-fay' 'to divide, distribute !
clan, etc.) S I , I 1 N r ; (my mother) ulayu:
(something)' iileg- B~rl. 76r.: O s m . xlv to o g l e r i m all my stepmothers' (etc.) I N 9 ;
xvlr iileg- 'to divide into shares, to share'; o.o.INII; IISI~;IISI~;IX.~+:O~~.XVI
e.i.a.p. T T S I 7 j z ; I/ 949; III 728; I V 801. (only ?) ulayu/ulayt continuously, without
stoppinp' (e.6 of rain) in severa texts T T S I by mistake. When two men meet at night
719; I v 782. one is asked (yus'al) about his countersign
('alEmafihi), and if he replies to the man who
Mon. AM has the password with the same one (ayda(n)),
a m 'vulva, pudenda mtrliehria'. S.i.a.m.l.g., the other leaves him alone becau~ehe be-
but like tlla:k, q.v., for reasons of modesty longs to his detachment; but if the one who
is questioned mentions a countersign which
sparsely recorded in the dicts. Sam., for
example, mentions it only indirectly, saying is different from the pawword the questioner
that e m was originally pronounced am rounds on him KO$.I 38 (prov.): K B 6 m e g
arklgrg yolda i m l n yornt 'help visiton and
(which is untrue) but was altered to avoid
an indecent ambiguity. Oguz, KIP. X I a m caravans on thcir way with the (right) pass-
word' 5546: Xwar. xrv i m 'sign' Qufb 50:
cihdzu'l-mar'a 'pudendn nrrtliehria' Kaf. I 38; KIP. xlv (under 'military terms') al-xark
(under s l k q.v.) 'in reciting the Koran the 'poll-tax' i m Btrl. 6, rz (thiy must be an error;
Oeue leave out vcrsen c n n r i n i n ~Ar. nm some words may have fallen out between the
"or" becausc n m in Oguz means forctr'l-tnar'a' two words): O s m . xrv i m 'sign, hint' in two
I 335, 5: Kom. xrv 'vulva' a m u (sic), C C I ; texts; u m 'password' in Dede (N.B. Tkm.)
Gr. : Krp. xrrr fnrcu'l- mnr'a a m Iiou. 21, 4:
xrv ditto fd. 22: xv ditto Kav. 61, 6 ; '1'1th. T T S 1376.
2 7 b 4. VU o:m Iiap. leg.; the length suggests 0:-
rather than u:-. Xak. xr o:m al-tuxama
e m 'remedy'; in the early period 'remedy' in
'indigestion'; hence one says e r o:m bo:ldl:
general, 'vegetable remedy' in part~cularb e ~ n g 'the man had indigestion and a stomach-ache
pt e m (see 2 ot); other early Hends. for
remedy' are e m sern and e m (PU) yiirun- (itfoxama . . . u'a gomito) from eating meat'
d e k (q.v.). S.i.m.m.1 g. (not SE or SC), but Kaj. I 49.
in some languages 'remedy' (proper) is re- VU tim 'trousers; drawers' (prob. a generic
presented by Ar. or Pe. I.-w.s 'ilirc, darud, term covering both). N.0.a.b. Uye. vrr ff. Civ.
dErti, etc., and e m means 'quack remedy, folk (if a mouse) t i m kigeninde r s l r s a r 'gnaws at
medicme'. Uyg. vrrr ff. Man. Ad I 29, 14 the fastenings of the trousers' TT VII 36, 14-
(ok1:-): Chr. U 1 7 , 4 (2 ot): Bud. e m by itself 15 (USp. 42, 27-8): Xak. xr Um a l - ~ a r d ~ l ,
Suv. 478, 17; 5 9 6 , ~ (2 ot);
and 21-Sirv. 5 9 8 , ~ 'trousers, drawers' Kag. I 38; 0.0. I 117, 5;
T T VI 264-5 (se:m); TT I V 14, note A 11 203, 14 (artat-): Krp. xrrr al-sardwil(ka:nqe:k,
(1 a:l): Civ. e m 'remedy' very common in also) i:m (and iqton al-qumap'l-&-xi1 'under-
H I , I I ; igiue agrlglua e m i yok 'there is no linen') Hou. 18, 12; al-rand2 'gaiters' i:qi:m
remedy for your disease' T T I 203; a.0. do. (for i~ tim) raqiqu'l-sardwil 'thin drawers' do.
109 (anut-): Xak. X I e m al-'ildc 'remedy' 13: O s m . xrv and xv i m (sic) 'trousers' in two
Kny. I 38; 0.0. I 95, 13; 407, 28 (se:m); II texts T T S 1376.
363, 19; I I I 157 (se:m): K B a y u bCrdlm
e m d l i g i m h a m e m l m 'I have now told
you my disease and my remedy' 749; o t e m Mon. V. AM-
k a l m a d ~'no (vegetable) remedy remained (to e m - 'to suck'; originally prol~. only of an
be tried)' 1061; 0.0. 1085, rtc.: xrrr(?) At. infant, later more generally. S.i.a.m.1.g. Xak.
(who knows) e m l n 'the remedy' (for the disease XI ken$ ana:snn emdi: rada'a'l-sabi ummahu
of miserliness?) 310; Tef. 76 (se:m): Gag. 'the infant sucked its mother's breast' (rada'a
xv ff. e m dazuri 'remedy' San. 50r. 29; e m is specifically 'to suck the breast'); also used
otr ~ i y d h - idamd'i 'curative plant' do. 50v. 3: of any animal when it sucks the breast Kaj. I
Xwar. X I V Q m 'remedy' Qutb 50: Korn. xrv 169 (eme:r, ernme:k): xrlr(?) Tef.Cm- 'to
'medicine' e m C C G ; Gr.: Kip. X I I I al-'aqqrir suck the breast' 76: xrv Rhg. Cm- ditto R I
'drugs, simples' y e m ( ? ; undotted and un- 945 (quotn.): xrv Muh. rada'a e m - Mel. 26,
vocalized) Hou. 23, 10: O s m . xrv ff. e m 9; Rif. 109; al-radd'emmak(sic, in error) 34,
'remedy' c.i.a.p. and see se:m T T S 1 2 6 5 ; I1 12; rzo; mafia 'to suck, suck up' e m - 41, 11;
375; 111248; I v 293. 132: Gag. xv ff. Q m g e n siid emen ya'ni
jir-xrcZra 'sucking milk' Vel. 79 (quotn.); e m -
l m 'sign, wink, password', essentinlly a secret makidan 'to suck' Son. rr3r. zz (quotn.):
or surreptitious notification conveyed by a Xmar. XIV Q m - ditto Qrith 50: KIP. XIII
gesture or orally, of which only the parties e m - rada'a Hou. 36,' 12: xrv ditto Id. 23: xv
concerned understand the significance. Sur- rada'a Q m - Tuh. 17b. 6.
vives in NE Alt., Tel., Tuv. i m R I 1571,
Pal. 192; $or, Tel. u m R I 1787: NC Klr., u m - originally 'to ask for, or covet (some-
Kzx. I m ; NW Kaz. I m : SW xx Anat. i m thing)'; the thing asked for is normally Acc.
SDD 789; Tkm. u m . See Doerfer I1 665. and the person from whom it is asked, if men-
Xak. XI i m al-amrira 'the password' which a tioned, Abl., but sometimes the thing asked
king prescribes to his army taking the name for is Abl. Survives only(?) in SW Osm. The
of a bird or weapon or something else. It is phonetic resemblance to Pe. umid 'hope' sug-
used ns a challenge(yatafdtnk(?)bihd)when two gested an etymological connection and caused
parties meet, so that each detachment (hizb) some- later modifications of meaning. Xak.
may recognize its own side, and in order that XI 01 m e n d e n ne:g umdr: 'he coveted (ta-
they may not round on (vakurr) one another ma'a) the thing from me' Kay. 1 169 (urna:r,
 MON.
u m m a : k ) : KB u m u p x a y r l d ~ n'asking for shared (nrrrjtnrrrk) wlth PC.; and in l'e. i t also
his hounty' 5062: X I I I ( ? )At. s e n i g r a h m a - means 'a ri~oundof earth (xdki) on which they
-tlqdrn u m m r m e n 0 9 - a 'I ask for well being put an a r c h e y targct, a king's thronc, and
from 'rhv mercy' 2; a y a g a m k a t ~ k s l sz u r f i r one twenty-fourth of a parasang' San. so\.. I :
u m g u q c 'oh thou, that covetest joy unmixed X w a r . xlv. o m a q l o m n n q 'target' Qlrth 198:
with sorrow' 21 I ; a.o. 375: X I V Mtrh.(?) rncd K lp. xrv a m a c al-&rraclrr'l- mrrrnq~irib ( ?read
r1.n nnrola 'to hope' u m - Rij. 109 (onlv): KIP. mrrfo-dmd) '? tnrgct which is near' (?'aimed
stv u m - tnrnccn 'to hope for (sotliething)'
Id. 21: Y V ror,~cnirun tomai~nC'(rodesire') u m -
at') h. 23: t1!0r~ird'target' o m a c ( s i c ) Tr,lr.
3.fl). 1 3 : O s m . xrv ff, a m n c , often spclt o m a c
7irh. ya. 9: O s m . s t v ff. u m - 'to hope for' in c.i.a.p. 7'T.Y I z 4 , 542: I1 3 1 , 728; 111 543;
several texts 7'7's II 926; I11 709; I V 783: 11' 20.
sv~ur u r n - (Infin. -~trrR in r r r r ~ r ) in Rliini.
tnrcaqqrr' kordan rca rrirrid diijfotr 'to expect, E a m u q one of t h r fcw srrinils scr-i1i;ll crrors
hope' Son. 86x7. 1 4 (quotn. F~cdrili). in Kag. In I 140, 7, after translating a r m a k a : n
('gift') and sayinp that thcrc is an alternative
form y a r m a g a : n , tcn htrtua arnlrc is added.
Dis. AhlA T h i s has heen taken to mean that this was
VUI: o m a : l i s p . leg.; 'mother' in Tibetan is another word for 'aift', hut it is mcrcly a
a-nro; the word may have rcached Kag. in a miscopying of 7r~nhrrton np?ric 'and i t is more
form suflicientlv distorted tu silurrest his absurd correct'.
e t y n ~ o l o m 'l'his
. and a b a : 'father' are the only
'ribetan words mentioned 1," K ~'Tibetan ~ . 1) emqi: L A C . fr. e m ; 'physician'. Survives
oms: n/-umm, k n ~ n n n n ~ ~ b n g i y n ~ / i ~7nina7/-
fihim in much thc same Innpuages as e m , sometimes
-'amhiyo smotherq; the renlained with meaning specifically 'quack doctor'. See Doer-
them from Ar. KO$. I 92. fer I1 667. TJyg. vrlr if. C h r . U I 7, 3 (2 o t ) :

V1: o m e : 'visitor, guest'. Ilrthcrtn transcribed

-.
X a k . X I (after e m \, hence
~ - - al-rnrt'dlic 'a h e a..l.
~

is called e m q l : Kag. I 3 8 , q ; n.m.e.: O g u z XI

-- - ~.r '

utiin, hut the front vowels are proved by the K a j . 111 252, 1 2 (2 eta:-): O s m . xvr ol-!ild~
Acc. in K B and ome:Ie:- q.v. N.o.a.b. Xnk. 'the medical profession' o t a g ~ l r ke t m e k v e
XI o m e : nl-daYfufu'l-nrizil fi'i-hap 'a guest who e m g i s e m q i o l m a k 7'TS 11 379.
conies to stay in one's house' Krq. I 92 (prov.,
verse); 0.0. I 106, I ; I1 316, 1 0 : KB o m e g D e m q e k Sce e m i g
e d g i i t u t g r l 'treat a guest \\,ell' 496, 4435; 0.0.
4437, 5546 (im). T r i s . AMC
DF a m a q l ~ k( ? a m a c l l k ) Map. leg.; A.N. fr.
Dls. AMC a m a q . X a k . X I a m a q l ~ ky6:r 'a place in
F a m a g a very early 1.-\I,. fr. Pe., no doubt which archery targets (ol-lradnf li'l-ronty) can
acquired with the plough, when the T u r k s be found' Knj. I I 50.
first becamc agriculturalists. Persian rimiic
meant primarily 'plough', thcnce 'a heap of T r l s . V. AMC-
earth thrown u p by thc plough', thence 'such
a heap, perhaps further enlarged, used as an 111' a m a q l a : - Hap. Icg ; Den. V. fr. a m a q .
archery target', and thence 'a furlong, onc X a k . XI e r k u g u g amnq1a:dr: 'the rnnn made
twenty-fourth of a parasanp', a suitahle dis- the bird a target' ( j o r a d ) Kaf. 1 2 9 9 ( a m a q l a : r ,
tance for an archcry range. Knf. noted two amag1a:ma:k; sic, corrected from -me:k).
of these meanings, Satt., who recognized the
word as Pr.. cave only one Turkish mean- Dls. A M D
ing. It is listed in S E 'I'iirki n m a q 'plough' 8 emet seeye,net,
Shnro 14; SC Sart ditto R 1 6 4 6 ; Uzb. o m o r
'plough' (ob~olcte)Bor. 30.1 and in S W Tkm. D a m t t : 'now'. Prirna facie, an Adv. in -tl:
o m a c. 'olouch'
. ? . (obsolete). It existed in S W (Sfrrdics. n.
O s n ~ . fr. an early period (see helow), hut
fr. * a m . but the onlv trace of
illis wn;d in ;his sense is it1 N E sag.; pnr R I
Rrd. marked it as PC. and so did Sam. 54, 643, I<hak. and T u v . whcre it exists side by
describing it as a 'superfluous' word for 'tar- side with a m d l , and looks like an abbreviation
- - . ~ ~.
eet'. I t has. however. 1,een adonted in Reo.
'Turkish meaning (physically) 'a target' aGd
of that word. It certainlv had back vowels as
late as Xak. but in some U y i . tcxts it seems to
(metaph.) 'aim, objective' on the ground that be spelt with e - . The dental was certainly run-
it means 'target' in S W Anat. ( a m q S D D 98; voiced in l'iirku and voiced in Xak. and later;
e m e q do. 528). See Doerfer I1 552: and cf. thc position in U y k is uncertain owing to the
b o k u r s l . X a k . XI a m a q ( 7 a m a c ) al-hadnf ambiguity of the script. S.i.a.m.l.p., with back
'tarpet' ; a m a q nl-faddrin wa hil,a dlattr'l-fikiha vowels only in NE. Elsewhere the initial varies
'plough', that is an agricultural implement between e, 6, and i and the nasal between
Kaj. 1 5 2 ; 0.0. all meaning 'target', I 333, 8 -m- and - n - . I n T u r k u only the word seems to
(2 q a k ) ; 11 329, I ( k w q a t - ) ; 111 107, 5 + not only an Adv. 'now' but also an Adj.
( y a s t a l - ) ; 276, 14 (krrqa:-): G a g . xv ff. existing now, T i l r k i i V I I I amtl:
a m a c (sic) 'an iron implement (Elat) which 'now' I E 9, I I B S ( I 69)-Tiirkii amtl:
farniers fasten to the necks of oxen and use to b o d u n b e g l e r 'the Tiirkii people and bega of
plough the land'; in this meaning the word is to-day' I S r I . II N 8 ; similar phr. II S 13;
 DIS.
II S 14; o l a m t l : aiilg yok Tiirkii x a g a n e m d e r - (?emter-) n.0.a.b. ? h e Uyk. text
'the Turkii xngan ruling at present with is the first verse of a stanza of which the
nothing to harm him' I S 3 , II N 2: V I I I ff. rest is damaged beyond reconstruction, and
a m t l : a m r a k oglan1:m anqa: bi1i:gler 'now, its meaning can only be conjectured. Uyg.
my friendly sons, know this' IrkB Postscript: V I I I ff. hlan. a y a g l a r l g b a r q a sizige e m t e r -
Man. a m t l k a tegi 'up till now' T T II 8, 40: tigiz 'you have heaped(?) all honours upon
Uyg. I X (I saw my sons and daughters yourselves' T T I1 75-6: KIP. xrv emderdi:
married) a m t l : Bltim 'now I have died' Suci qallaba wa yusta'mal f i qalbi'l-qumdj wa'l-hrrbrib
8: vrtr ff. Man. a m t l k a tegi T T I I I 65 (in ail w a nahwihd mina'l-acsEmi'1-laqila ba'dahd 'old
Uyk. texts the Dot., etc. have back vowels, bard wa Id yuqlil ji'l-prtn wa nahwihi mina'l-
which seem. to show that initial e-, when used, -acsEmi'l-xafifa 'to turn over', used of turning
is a scriptio d ~ f e c t i v ~Bud.
): a m t t is common; heavy ohjects, rubbish, grain and the like,
a m t l k a n (Jkilnserbiz 'if we now repent' T T upside down, hut not used of light objects,
I V to, 24-5 (unusual use of uffix kan) : Civ. cotton lint and the like' fd. 23; ender- qallaba
a m t l is common; a m t l k l n % (Dim. f.) T T I do. 24.
152: Xak. X I a m d ~ !iarf : e m mo'ndhu a/-dn 'a
particle meaning now, this very moment'; one D u m d u r - Caus. f. of u m - ; sunrives only(?)
says amdl: k e l d i m 'I have just nrrivedlKaj. I in S W Osm. u m d u r - 'to make, or let, some-
125; a m d l : o k I 3 7 , 1 6 ( 2 o k ; proves back vow- thing be hoped for'. X a k . X I (in an elegy) kodtl:
els); 15 0.0.: KBarnd1(Aratspellsrmdi)39,147 e r i g u m d u r u : taraka'l-ricn'l yarclin min
and many 0.0.: xrrr(?) At. e m d i ( ? ; sic in xayrihi wa birrihi (he has died and) 'left men
Uyg. script, 6:mdi: in Ar.) 21, 99: Gag. xv ff. begging for his welfare and good works' (lit.
Bmdi !1d1 'now' (quotn.); Bmdikecelemdike 'making them beg') Kaj. I1 54, 4; n.m.e.
dBgince tn h61 'up till now' Sun. I 14v. 25:
O g u z xr (after Xak. entry) and the Oguz put T r i s . AhiD
a kana on the alij and say .6mdi: Kai. I 125: D u m d u : ~ ~N.Ag.
: fr. umdu:; 'beggar' and
X w a r . X I I I 6 m d i 'now' Ali 6, etc.: xtlr(?) the like. N.0.a.b. Xak. X I u m d u : ~ ~al-sd'il
:
a m d l 'now' (ride away from here with your 'one who asks, beggar' Kap. 1 1 4 1 ; a.0. I 125,
army) C)g. 218 (spelling doubtful): xrv Bmdi 24 (umdu:): K B kigi u m d u q l bolsa bold1
Qrrtb 59, M N 4 3 I , etc., Kom. xlv 'now, forth- b u l u n 'if a man becomes a beggar, he be-
with' e m d i CCI, C C G ; Gr. 88 (quotns.): comes a prisoner' 2723; 0.0. 2724, 4214, 4215,
KIP. xrlr a/-En emdi: (alif unvocalized) Hou. 4272: xrv Muh.(?) tn'mi' wa lufayli 'covetous,
28, 18: X I V 6mdi: al-dn Id. 23 ; (under gemdi:) sponger, parasite' u m d u : ~ ~ (misvocalized
:
emdi: a/-En (an alternative pronunciation amdu:p:) Rif. 148 (only).
q6mdi: is mentioned) do. 55: xv al-dn Bmdi
Tuh. ga. 5; a.o.0.: O s m , xrv ff. i m d i (l6mdi) PU imtili: Hap. leg.; almost certainly an error
'now' c.i.a.p.; xrv and xv i n d i ( ~ Q n d i and ) for VU imliti:; it is listed in a section.
i m d e n ( ? e m d e n ; sic, contracted) gerii 'from headed 'af'cil with -i attached' under the cross
now on' in several texts T T S I 376-7, 384; heading -L- for the third consonant, but as
II 531, 541; 111 367, 376; IT.' 420, 430. this precedes -c-,
-D-, and -R- it is probably
an error for -T-. Cigil xr one says bu: I : Q I : ~
D u m d u : N.Ac. fr. u m - ; 'covetousness, imtili: krldi: fa'ala hddd'l-amr min gayr
desire'. Pec. to Xak. Xak. xr u m d u : al-fama' tadabbrrr wa lZ rawiya cuadfa(n) 'he did this
rua'l-srr'dl 'covetousness, request'; hence al- arbitrarily and without thought or reflection'
-sd'il 'a beggar' is called umdu:ql: Kaj. I 125: Kag. 1 1 4 1 .
KB (may God give him the good things of this
world and the next) a v a kelsu a r z u tilek D a m t l k a n , a m t l k t n a See amtr:.
u m d u s l 'may all that he desires, wishes, and D u m d u s u z Hap. leg.(?); Priv. N./A. fr.
covets come crowding round him' 5895; 0.0. umdu:. Xak. XI K B (of a secretary) k6zi t o k
2616, 4215; in 4294 the Vienna MS. reads k e r e k h a m ozi u m d u s u z 'his eyes must be
u m d u for t a m s ' . satisfied and he himself without covetousness'
2721.
Dis. V. EMD-
T r i s . V. AMD-
e m i t - 'to lean; to incline towards (something
Dot.)', both physically and metaph. N.0.a.b.; D emderil- Hap. leg.; Pass. f. of e m d e r - .
later displaced by egil-, q.v. Xak. xr ta:m KIP. xrv emderil- inqallaba 'to be turned
emitti: mdla'l-cidcir wa g'ayrtthu li-yasqv! 'the upside down' Id. 23.
wall (etc.) leant over preparatory to falling';
and one says ktigliirn a g a r emitti: 'my heart
inclined (mdla) to him' Kay. I 214 (verse; D u m u g Dev. N. fr. u m - ; in the early period
e m i t u r , emitme:k); three 0.0.: K B k a m u g it must have meant 'an object of desire',
Iiq s d a k l l g e m i t m e z b o l u r 'anything that and the phr. u m u g inag, in which it
stands on three legs does not lean over' 802; nearly always occurs 'something, or some one,
0.0. 807, 1637: xlv Mrth. mdla (Rij. adds wa desired and trusted'. \?'hen urn- came to
irr!rmd 'to be bent') e m i t - Mel. 31. 4 ; Rij. mean 'to hope', it followed suit, and u m u
I 1 5 : KIP. xv(?) nrlila ( m a y r l l - ; in margin in 'hope, expectation' survived in the X I X SW
sccand hand) e m i t - Trrh. 3 5 b I I . Osm. dicts.. but 1s now obsolete and
 UIS.
displaced, usually by I'e. umid; S W X X Anat. 2 ~ r n g a :the title of a 'I'urkish official; in
u m u still means 'recluest' SL1.0 1418. Uyb. 'Turkiqh n.o.a.b., but basically identical with
V I I I ff. Man. a i k u be$ a j u n i a r n ~ g
umug1'0h a title itlcluded in the lists of 'I'urkii officials
object of desire of all five states of existcnceg' in the Sui Shu and two T a n g Shu's (see
T T I11 I-(receive now) u m u g lnog 'oh Chavannes, Ilocrrinetr!~ srrr lrr Tou-kioue
object of desire and trust' (the worship of all (Trrrcs) Occiderrtnrtx, p. 370; I,ir~Mau-tssi Die
men) do. 4 ; yertinqke umuF: m a g toriitiigiiz cltine~ircheNnclrrichfen zrtr Grsclriclr~rd ~ Ost- r
'you were created in this world as an object of - Tiirken, p. 824) in the forrn ?~~71-hrrtrg-tn
desire and trust' do. 73: Bud. u m u g l n a g is (Giles 13,1;3 5,252 10+73) rcprrscnting in
cornrnon either ar an epithet of the Buddha as ICarlgrell's Anclcnt Ch~rlese' hint ytrrtf d'dt,
in II 111 35, 23 or as sornethir~g which the s r ~ dpr~ll)nl~ly prono~lnccdin thc 'lVarlr:period
Iluddhn 1 ~ 1 1 1 be for mortals as in LJSp. 101, 2 ; as something like irn i n t1(1r, which might
Srtv. 24, I J; 137, 20: esceptionnlly in 7'7' VIII represent 1rnF:n:la:r. Xnlc. X I llnfin: nl-rdzin
E.qh Sanskrit knrrrtvat,n ~Iviptztr~ dtrnann 'make 11'1-omroril rucl'l-qoyyitn 'a12 crrm'ihri 'the
an rslnnrl for yourself' (sic) is trnnclatcd ktllg- treacurer in charge of (puhlic) tnoneys and
l a r u r n u s tnagtfi ii:z e:toziigiizlerke: O s m . the supcrinter~ciantover their collcctioli' K a y . I
x ~ vto s v ~ (only) u m u 'hope'; c.i.3 p. T T S I I 28; (in a section headed jrt'nlld r~rrrrkann-
721; 11926; 111709; IV783. trr'l-ldnri'l-ti17 rurr trti~rrrnii /ktrsirctf f<i'rrh~r)C
t l l m g a : (i.c. 1 &:I ~ m g n : ) 01-kI7ti6tr'llugfi
1 ~ m g a 'wild
: mountain goat'; an old word w. yaktrtb 1~mnisila'l-srt/!6rr hi-.sa!!i'l-trrrbiya 'the
ending -ga:. 'I'lic spelling in 'Turku seems secretary who writes the Sultan's letters
to be amga:, since Runic mR a: could hardly in Turkish (i.e. Uyaur) script' I 143: K B
be read ~ m g a : . Became an early I.-w. in Chap. 34 (2672 ff.) relates to the duties of the
M o n ~ .a9 imaja(n)lima'o(n) 'male (wild) goat' b i t i & ~6llmRa: but only the biti$$i is rnen-
(Korc. 300, Ifaltod 69); Mona. I'lur. ima'at tinned in the text; in a long list of officials in
in X I I I Secret Ifistory (Haenisch 82). On this 4064 ff. the el l m g a : comes after the sU b a v ~
word see Strtrlies, p. 235 and also Shcherbak 'army commander' and h5cib 'chancellor' and
118 and L. Ijazin, 'Noms de la "ch&vre" en bcfore the lige: 'counsellor' ;uld the kGk a y u k
turc et en nlongol', in Strrdin Altaica, Fest- 'village headman' ( q . ~ . ) .
scltrifl fiir Nikolaur Popp~,Wiesbaden, 1957,
pp. 28 ff., both of which contain minor errors,
e.g. that the word originally had an initial y-
xvhich rests on no better evidence than a 1) u m u g s u z Priv. N./i\. fr. u m u g ; n.0.a.b.
mis-spelling in the Vicnna MS. of the KB. 111 the early period it niust have nieant,
Survives apparently only in S\V xx Anat. etymologically, something like 'without an
object of desire, with nothing to look forward
i m a / i m e S n D 789, 790, both of which seem
to rnean sonw kind of wild goat. 'l'ilrkil vrrl to'. Uyg. vrrt ff. Man. u m u g s u z irinq .
yrlklta (has been saved) 'from existence as an
. .
passages in I N 8 and I1 E 31 have hitherto
been read Amga: K u r g n n k ~ $ l a pand A m g ~ : animal without anything to look forward to
(error for Amga:, the stone is chipped here) and miserable' T T 111 25: Bud. u m u g s u z
K u r g a n k q l a d u k d a : 'after spending the lnagslz 'with no object of desire and trust'
winter at Am@ Kurkan'. This is open to two U I1 4. 7 ; U III 16, 21; Srrv. 587, 3: Civ.
objections: (I) in the only other early (Uyi. (in an adoption document) (gap) u m u g s u z
vlu) occurrence of kl$la:- it is preceded by u r l s l z kalgay t i p 'considering that . . . will
the Instr., Otiiken iri:n kr$ladrm 'I spent remain with nothing to look forward to, and
the winter north of the Otiiken' .>I. E 7; (2) with no male issue' USp. 98, I ; O s m . xvr and
k u r g a n , 'fort' and the like, is not noted earher xvrr u n l u s u z 'hopeless' in two texts T T S II
than KIP. srrr and C a b xvff. 'The correct 927; 11170').

4
reading is prob. a m g a orlgln 'at the hunt in^
ground for wild goats r served for the xatan'
(see k o r ~ g )prob. used as a place-name:
Dls. EMG
D c m i g Conc. N. fr. e m - ; ' ~ ~ i p p l cteat'
, or
v r r ~ff. (a leopard and a stag nent searching more generally 'breast, udder': unlike yelin
for game and grain) ortu: ybrde: amgaka: q.r., which is used only of animals, used both of
s o k u g m i : ~ esri: a m p a : y a l l m kaya:ka: human beings and animals. Survives only(?)
tiniip barmi:? 'in the middle country they in N E Tuv. e m i g R 1954; Pal. 582; S W Osm.
met a wild goat; the dappled wild goat climbed e m i k 'sucked (dry)', etc. is a Dev. N./A. in
a bare rock and made off' IrkB 49 (for kaya: -iik (Pass.) and a different word. Elsewhere
cf. KB): Xak. xr K B k a y a d a y o r r g l ~b u displaced everywhere by emqek, Conc. N. in
l m g a teke 'these mountain goats and ibexes -qek which is first noted in xrlr(?) Tef, 77 and
ranging among the rocks' (cannot escape you) thereafter in Mtrh., Cng:, Kom., KIP., and
5373: X I V Mult. knbpr'l-cabal 'wild mountain Osm., and s.i.a.m.1.g. T u r k i i vrrr ff. tegltik
goat' 1:mga: Mel. 72, 10; Rif. 175 (mis-spelt, ku1u:n 6 r k e k yunt(t)n: em1:g ti1e:yii:r 'a
ntiti for y d ) : Gag. xvff. lmga: (spelt) buz-i blind foal looks for an udder on a stallion'
ktihi 'mountain goat' Salt. 114v. 29; ( y a m a n IrkB 24: Uyg. VIII ff. Man. k a z g u k t e a
. . . and, in Mong., brrz 337'. 4): Osm. x!V k a r a boy e m g i 'her black coloured nipples
to xvr i m e (or? lmn) 'mountain oat'; In like pegs' M I1 I r , 18: kPg yPtiz k6Qiizinde
several texts T T S I 337; 11 532; 111 368; iki e m i g i 'her two breasts on her broad
I V 421. (IIend.) bosom' I 1 IT' 30, 54-5: Civ. e m i g
 EMG-
srqlp a g r r s a r 'if the breasts swell and are but this is merely a Dot. TTS 1 2 6 7 ; I1 379.
painful' H I r 19, 196: Xak. xr ernig al-!add 380; 111 251): xvr~r(after Cak. Cmgek) in
the female breast'; also 01-{undurua 'the (male) Rtimi corrupted to e m e k Sun. I r4v. 29.
nipple' Kaf. I 72: e m i g s o r d ~imtakka'l-dur'
:
'he sucked the udder' 11 70, I ; a.o. 1485, 23 VU 2 e m g e k 'the fontanel, the gap in the
(cur). crown of an infant's skull before the bones
join up'. Thr word appears in the MS. be-
i m l k (of the weather) 'mild, warm'. Survives tween the prov. and verse under 1 e m g e k and
with the same meaning in SW xx Anat. is spelt umgiik, but this seerns to be an error.
k S D D 769, 1419. Cf. yrltg.
~ m ~ k / u m u(sic) I'ossibly n~erelya special meaningof 1 e m g e k ,
Xak. xr ol-yawmrr'l-f<itirtr'l-!rarr'a m ~ l dday' but the modern spellir~gs point rather to
is called i m i k ku:n (nlq vocalized with both krngek. Survives in NE Kuer, Tel. e m g e k j
fatha and hosra); arld ;tnythina which pets erngey R I 960; Khak. e:mek Bas. 336;
warm (saxuna) nfter I,cinr old, hut is not NC Klr. e m g e k ; Kzx. Bgbek; SW Osm.
excessively hot (Id ya~todd~Ikdratrrhtr)is called i m i k ; some of these mean 'the crown of the
i m t k (spelt rmik) ICa?. 1 72: xrv Mtrh. yartjwr head' rather than 'fontanel'. Xak. xr tlmgiik
mu'tadil 'a mild day' 1rnl:k gu:n ( g - markrd; ( ? ) a[-qrrrqrif ma huula rammd'atu'l-ra'r 'the
alif unvocalized) MPI. 80. 7; R I ~ 185, (ditto; fontanel' Kaj. I I 10.
mis-spelt imi:l). ?I) 0mge:n an anatumical term; survives in
N E Bar. omgiin 'a horse's chest' (dubious, R.
D 1 emge:k N.I.4.S. fr. emge:-; 'pain, gives the same meaning in Gag.) R I 1315;
agony', hence 'anything accomnanied by pain, Khak. orjmen 'collar-bone'. Xak. xr ornge:n
laborious effort', and hence 'laboured move- al-wadac 'the jugular rein' Kay. I 120: F a g .
ment; (of a child) craurling'. S.i.a.m.1.g. in all xv ff. timgen/orngiln ('with -8-') mrrntoha'-yi
meanings w. various phonetic changes. See )iulqtim wa rrstuxmdn md bayn !ralq wa sina 'the
emgek1e:-. Tiirkii V I I ~o n o k bodun erngek base of the throat and the bone between the
k6rti: 'the people of the Ten Arrows (i.e. the neck and chest' ( i t . collar-bone') San. 86v. 24.
Western Tiirkii) experienced suffering' I E 19,
II I3 16: VIII ff. b u i r k bag1:nta: a:z emgekl:
b a r 'at the bcginning of this omen there is a Dis. V. EMG-
little pnin' (later it becomes good) IrkB 57: emge:- 'to suffer pain'. N.0.a.b.; later dis-
Uyg. vnr ff. Man.-A M I 9 , 6 (1 a p g ) : Man. placed by e m g e n - or periphrases sometimes
sekiz tBrliig e m k e k (sic) 'eight kinds of containing I.-w.s. Uyg. ~ I I ff. I Bud. the word
pain' T T ZIZ 39; a.o.0.: Bud. b u m u n d a g qualifying ttnlrg, bodun, etc. and transcribed
e m g e k iqinde 'in pain of this kind' U 11 4, i m e r i g m e in USp. 102a. 25; Suv. 154, I ;
10; 0.0. U I V 30, 34: etc. (1 aqlg); P P z , 7 and 173, 6; 585, 4 etc. is an error for erngegrne
many others; 111 T7 VIII spelt emge:k: xlv 'suffering'(mortals, etc.): Xak. XI e r emge:di:
Chin.-Uyg. Llict. k'u 'bitterness, affliction' imtahana'l-racul wa qdsh'l-mihna 'the man was
(Gilrs 6,258) e m g e k Ligeti 134; R I 959 in pain and suffered pain' Kaj. I 2 8 4 (emge:r,
{migread as emge): Xak. XI e m g e k al-milma emge:me:k); emgeyii:r (sic, metri gmtia)
parn, agony' Kay. Z I I O (prov., verse); and yat'ob 'is exhausted' I 362, 25: K B tilin
seven 0.0.: K B s e n i koldl tiln k u n b u e m g e m i * e r 'a man exhausted by talking'
e m g e k bile '(the Prophet) prayed for you 165; e m g e r k a t l g 'rrets very weary' 689; 0.0.
by night and day with this effort' 39; 0.0. 332 (etoz), 837 (1 a:r-): Xwar. xrv Cmge-
373, 1 ~ 3 (egin),
8 4293. 4608: xrrr(?) At. k i i ~ 'to suffer' Qtctb 50.
e m g e k tegiirrne kiqike 'do not use violence
o r cause pain to people' 331; T P ~ .e m g e k D ernget- Caus. f. of emge:-; 'to cause pain
'pain, embarrassment' 76: xrv Rbg. 6 m g e k to (someone Acc.)'. Survives only(?) in NU'
'effort, suffering' R I 9 6 0 (quotn.): Fag. xv ff. Kaz. imget-. Tiirkii VIII [gap] igldig
erngek ('with -8- and -k') ~ m e kve zahmat e m g e t m e g t o l g a t m a g 'feed [the people] and
'suffering, pain', also oflanpklarry yiiriitnezden do not cause them pain or distress' 11 N 12:
evveI emehledikleri 'of infants, crawling before vrrr ff. Man. sizni e m g e t t i m 'I have caused
they can walk' Vel. 30 quotn); e m g e k you pain' T T 118, 37; 0.0. do. 51 ; M ZII 45,
emeklemek do. 78 (quo?.); i r n g e k ($pelt) (I) 1-4 (Bgiir); Chvos. 299, 315 (1 iir): Uyg.
ranc-u majaqqat paln, affliction, labour' V I I I ff. Man. (whatever thin- there are)
(quotn.) (2) ha-dast-u pd raftan-i affdl 'of chil- t i n l ~ g l a r r gn e i e erngetgiiliic tolgatguluk
dren, crawling on hands and knees' (quotn.) irintiirQiiliik b u s a n t u r ~ u l u k 'uhich will
Son. 1r4v. 29: X w a r . xr~r(?)bCrge erngek cause and distress to-mortals and make
birle Clgiinnl b a s ~ pe r d i 'he was oppressing them unhappy and miserable' T T 11 16, 40-4:
the people with whips and torture' 02. 24-5; Bud. e m g e t i p irintiirdiim e r s e r U I I 78,34;
(Okuz XaLjan) e n l g e k qekip t u r d 1 'endured ..
tlnlrglarlg 6 r l e t t i m e r n g e t t i m . e r s e r 'if
many sufferings' do. 235 : xrv e m g e k 'trouble, I have disturbed mortals or caused them pain'
toil' Qufb 20; e m e k do. 20; Cmgek do. 50, Stiv. 135, 16-17; 0.0. T T VI 278(uquz); T T
: g : e m g e k Nahc. 270, 2 and 7: Kom. xrv V I I I 0 . 6 (emge:tiir), etc.: Xak. xr 01 ani:
pain, suffering' e m g e k C C G ; Gr.: Kip. xrv emgetti: a'y6hrr 'he wearied him' Kaf. 1 264
~ m g e al-ta'ab
k 'toil, weariness'; T k m , e m e k ( e m g e t e r , erngetme:k): K B m e n i erngetiir
f l. 23: Osrn. xrv e m e k 'pain, suffering; ti1 166: XIII(?) Tcf. (Pharaoh) bizni k l n a r
etTort'. in several texts (in III 251 also ernge erngetiir e r d i 'tortured (Hend.) us' 77: Fag.
 DIS. AMN 161

a m r a : - , not noted in 'I'urkish but an early e m l e t t l m arnartu bi-'ilzcihi 'I gave orden that
I.-w. in Mong. (KoIL'. I 10. Naltod 24) with he should be treated' Kuy. 1 266 (emletllr,
a Den V. amurli- in the xrrr Secret Ifistory ern1etme:k).
(Ifaenisch 7). N E a m l r R 1 647, also Khak.
and 'I'uv., is a rel,orrowing of this word. 1) imlet- IIap. leg.; Caus. f. of irn1e:- Xak.
Tiirkti v l l r lf. Man. plarnlo a m u l yavag XI m e n ant: i m l e t t i m 'I ordered that he
kfioali #their mild I n i n ~ l sM~ 111 should be beckoned to or winked at' K ~ JI .2 6 6
20, 6 (i): Uyk. vrrr ff. Man.-A a m a l (sic) (imletiirmen, imletme:k).

:::::&'$2rgF . I) emlel- ass, I. of em].:- survives only(?)

~ ; ' r ~ , ' ~ ~ 8 M ~ " ~ ~ ~ &
amll abayaDur atllE nirvan ,the quiet, in NC KIT.,ICzx. e m d e l - 'to be treated with
incantations, etc.'. Xak. xr iglig emleldf:
peaceful rlirvdna called Abhn,,npllras
'the sick man was treated' ('zilica) Kaf. 1 296
8; o.o, of Brug amll,amul TP. I V 2, emlelme:k).
60; Suv, 166, 7 ; 247, 17-18; crag am11
tigisiz 'quiet, ~eaceful,and silent' S1rv. 484, D imleI- Hap. leg.; Pass. f. of im1e:-. Xak.
17-18: Xak. X I a m u l at-dkin 'quiet, peace- kiqi: imleldi: 'the man was winked at', and
ful' of anything; hence a[-halim 'mild' is also the like Kay.I z96 (imleliir, imlelme:k).
called a m u l Kag. I 74 (verse): kelgil a m u l
o y n a l ~ m'come let us play together in peace D e m l e n - ; Kefl. f. of em1e:-; s.i.s.rn.l. Xak.
and tranquillity' ( f i sakina ton tumdnina) III X I e r emlendi: 'the man treated ('6laca)
131, 23: K R a m u l 'quiet, gentle' (of people) himself'I<n$. I 2 5 9 ( e m l e n u r , emlenme:k).
is common 25, 26 (amrul-), 107, 382, 769,
1416 (ariig), 2231 (alqak), etc.: xlv Rbg. R I D *imlen- See ~ i m l e n -
649 (alqak): O s m . xrv to xvr a ~ u (certainly
l D emleg- Ilap. leg.; Recip. f. of emle:-. Xak.
the same word) and agr,l a9ul 'gently, quietly,
are very TTS 30; 43; 2g; XI ba:llgla:r emle$di:le:r 'the wounded
men treated nne another' (tn'dlacat) Kaf. I 2 4 2
IVjr. (emlegu:rle:r, emlegme:k).
S e m l u See egllg KIP. 1) imleg- Recip. f. of im1e:-; s.i.s.m.l. Xak.
VUD u:mliig l l n p . ley.; P,N./A. fr. tim, X I 01 an19 bile: eligin imlegdi: arara ilayhi
xak. b ~ t f i :u:mlug
~ kanqa: kolsa: hi-yadihi wa fa'ala'l-dxir mi_tlahu'he beckoned
o l t u r u r 'the Inan whose trousers are intact to him and the other did the same' Kaf. 1 2 4 2
sits down wherever he wishes' Knj. 1224, 6; (imle*iir, imle~:me:k).
n.m.e. VUD iimleg: Hap. leg.; Recip. Den. V. fr.
Dis. V. EML- iim; prob. in fact used only in the Ger. Xak.
XI OI anla birle: $ 0 2 ~ :urdl:~ iim1e8ii:
D emle:- Den, V. fr, e m ; treat or cure' (a
Cto
daraba ma'ahu'l-sanulacdn 'aid xifdri'l-sardwil
or disease with remedies of various
kinds). S,i,a.m,l,g,,in in such as 'he wielded the polo-stick (in competition) with
emde-, emne-, In most languages now for him fnr a stake of a pair of trousers' K ~ J1242
.
(umlegu:r' iimlegme:k)'
'to treat with incantations, folk remedies, and
the like', compound verbs with I.-w.s, mainly
Arabic, being used for orthodox medicine. T r i s . AML
Uyg. vrrr ff. Civ. H 1126, 82: Xak. XI m e n PU imlitl: See imtili:.
ant: em1e:dlm 'dl~zctuhtr rua dijwaytuhri 'I
treated and cured him' Kaj. 1 287 (emle:r- D a m u l l u k A.N. fr. a m u l ; 'peace, tran-
m e n , em1e:me:k): KB igig e m l e m e s e quillity'. Pet. to K B . X a k - X I K B 325. 584,
kigl t e r k iiliir 'if one does not treat a disease, 1988, etc.
a man soon dies' 157; a.0. 2002: XIII(?)Tef.
8 m l e - ditto 77; Kom. xrv 'to treat, cure' T r i s . V. AML-
emle- CCG; Gr. VUL) 6me:le:- Hap. leg.; Den. V. fr. ome:;
not connected, as Thomsen suggested, with
D im1e:- Den. V. fr. i m ; 'to make a (secret) SE T ~emiile- ~ , 'to which is merely
sign (to someone Dar.) a wink, gesture, a altered Set. f. of emgekle:-. Tiirkii
etc.' S.i.s.m.l., often much distorted, e.g. NB V r I I er ame:leya barrnpg tegri:ke: soku:q-
Tel, u m d a - ; NC ~ m d a - .Xak. XI m e n aga:r mi.g man went visiting and met a
im1e:dim &~mazttrhubi-'ayn aw asartu ilayhi
bi-yad 'I winked at him or beckoned to him'
Irkb47,
KUJ.1 287 (Imle:rmen, 1mle:me:k); three Dls. A M N
0.0.; 01 maga: yim1e:di famaza ilayya
bi-nytlilri, originally im1e:di: 1113 ~ 0 ( y i m l e : r , &mi:" 'safe, secure'; pec., as such, to KB.
yimle:me:k): K B k6zin imledi 'he -,inked The contexts make the meaning certain,
at him' 768; imled] 'beckoned1 G ~ , 955: , and, in spite of the eccentric spelling (with
xrrr(?) Trf. lmle- 'to wink, (at someone, t a p a ) two yds) in the Ar. script, there is no doubt
124. that this is merely a corruption of Ar. amin,
same meaning. Xak. X I KO s a l a m ol klgike
D e m l e t - Caus. f. trf em1e:-; survives in e m i n l ~ k amRn s a l 5 m k ~ l s a iitrii e m i n
much the same languages. Xak. X I m e n ant: bold1 c i n 'a grreting is assuredly a protection
8011125 G
 AMN
for a man; if (someone) greets him then his Trls. AhlN
life is safe' 5056; kiqig bolsa Cmin u l u g D u m u n q l u g ll.N./A. fr. u m u n q ; n.0.a.b.
g a r r r d l n 'if the small rnan is safe from injury Xak. X I u m u n q l u g a d a g tepsedl: horada-
b y the great' 5062; iiqllnql Cmin t u t k a m u g nd'l-fndiqtr'l-tnnrctiro 'the friend, for whom we
y o l l a r ~ g'the third (obligation of a ruler to longed, envied 11s' 1 155, 17; n.m.e.: KB
his subjects is) "keep all the roads safe" ' 5577. (today, choosing his tirne, the king has suni-
tnoned lne) u m r n q l r a k a d n w l s t m a n s k u r
L) u m u n g Dev. N. fr. u l n u n - ; originally bad1 'fortune has tightened my belt for
'desire, request, prayer', turning in the niedie- me, who lorig for him(?)' 1588: X w n r . slv
val period into 'expectation. hope'. Survives (Ussnin was a rilan) loen u z a k u m l n q l l g
only(?) in NW Kar. I,. u m u n t s R I 1793; (sic, in error) 'who prayed very long prayers'
S W s x Anat. u m u n c a SLIII 1419 'hope, Nalrc. 433. 14-15.
desire'. Uyg. \.III ff. Bud. kiisu$iig u m u n q u g
t u r g u r u r iigiin 'because it arouses wishes D u m u n q s u z Priv. N./A. fr. u m u n q ;
and desires' T T V zq, 68-9: Xnk. sr u m u n q n.o.a.1,. X a k . xr KU [(Aytoldl's illness grew
at-rirti' 'request, prayer'; hence one says worse) u m u n q s u z b o l u p cfindrn e l i g y u d ~
u m u n q tegri:ke: t u t 'make your prayer to 'losing thc dcsire ( 7 to live) he washed his
God' kirj. I 133; almost identical entry III hands of life' r l r g : X I I I ( ? )Tef.u m a n q s r z
450: Kt) u m u n q u n s a g a 'my prayers are hold^ k i m y a l g a n siizledi e r s e 'the man
to Thee' zy; l d i m r a h m a t r n d a a d i n y o k who has lied is without hope (in the next
u m u n q 'I have no desire other than the mercy world?)' 328.
of my 1,ord' 1364; sozin klyguqt b e g k e
t u t m a u m u n q 'make no requests to a beg who DF Cminllk A.N. fr. b m l n ; 'safety, security';
breaks his promises' 2013: XIII(?)At. (oh thou n.0.a.b. X a k . X I KB e m l n l l k t o r u Clke
that covetest (see u m - ) joy unmixed with Cnqlik b o l u r 'customary law is a source of
sorrorr) b u a j u n k a q a n 01 u m u n q k n o r u n security and peace for the realm' 5734; a.o.
'what room is there for that desire in this 5062 (Cmin): K o m . srv 'security' e m i n l i k
world?' 212; Trf. u m a n q (?read u m u n q ) C C I ; Gr.
I%orovkovtranslates 'hope', but 'prayer' seems Dls. AMR
likelier 328: x ~ vRbg. u m a n q (sic) 'hope'
(?'request') R I 1790 (quotn.): Fag. xv ff. * a m u r See a m u l , a m m : - , etc.
u m a n c (spelt) tarvnqqrr' rvo urnid 'expectation,
hope' Son. 86v. 24: X w a r . SIV u m u n q l u m l n q S i m i r Oguz form of igir, q.v. ; 'glooln, dusk',
both the dusk of dawn and sunset and the
'hope' (fairly definitely); bold1 u m n n q 'he ~ l o o r ncaused by fog or a dust-storm. Survives
became the target' (for the arrow of mis- only(?) in N E Tuv. i m l r ; NC Klr., Kzx.
fortune and pain) Q~rtb198; u z u n u m r n q l a r r m l r t (sic) (morning or evening) 'dusk'; SUr
t u t a r e r d i l e r 'they prayed long prayers' Nahc. 'Tk~n. u m u r 'fnp'. O g u z sr I m i r (mis-
791. 5 ; 0.0. 435, 16; 436, 2: K o m . SIv 'hope' vocalized rnrit) (11-clacn rcu'l-dobjb 'gloom;
u m u n g C C G ; Gr.
mist, fog' Kag. 1 5 4 ; (after iglr) in Oguz i m i r
I 94: Gag. s v ff. i m i r (spelt) brrxriri 'a fop',
Dis. V. AhIN- which rises from the ground and blots out the
sky, in Ar. ciabiib, in Pe. nrrjm Son. I I 5r. 5.
D u m u n - Rcfl. f. of u m - ; properly 'to desire,
request, or pray for (something Ilot., from ?D a m r u : pec. to Uyg. Bud.; its use in Hend.
someone Abl.)'. Survives only in SW Osm. with iiziiksiiz and most other contests in
u m u n - 'ttr sct one's hopes on (something)'. which it occurs suggest that it means 'con-
Uyg. V I I I ff. Bud. kiiseyiir u m u n u r e r d i m tinuously'; if so, difficult to connect seman-
'I was wishinp and desiring' [that he . . . gap] tically with * n m u r o r * a m u r - although rnor-
Hiien-ts. I y j j; Sanskrit mfarana na 'having phologically it could he a Ger. of the latter.
protection ( ? ; perhaps "desiring protection")' U y g . vrrr ff. Bud. a m r u (spelt emru) a y l g
u m u : n g ~ ~ l u :iize:
k T T V I I I A.28; (Sanskrit krlrnqlarrg o k a ~ d t mi i k l i t d i m e r s e r must
lost) u m u : n d a q ~ do. 0 . 7 : Xak. xr m e n mean 'if I have continuously accumulnted
tegri:den u m u n d u m racnwtlr nrinn'illih 'I (IIend.) evil deeds', Saw. 136, 19-21 ; same
prayed God' K n f . I 206 ( u m u n u r , u m u n - tncaning T T 171 270; k a y u iigiin knoqao
ma:k): (in a ierse in which hoth text and k r l s s r n m r u b o l u r seems to mean something
translation are corrupt) tutml$(?) sa:nr: u m - like 'it is a matter of inditTerence at what time
n a l r m 'let us ask for the number (of game) one performs the koo chao meditation' T T V
which he hns taken(?) for ourselves' III 429, lo, I I 5 ;(he returned to his palacc, said nothing
9: K U kiqig e r s e u m n u r s a k a l iingiike to anyone and) a m r u b u s a n u s a k l n u o l u r -
when he is small he looks forward to (the time m l q 'sat continuously (could be 'quietly')
when) his beard grows' (when it grows he looks fecling anxious and thoi~ghtful' U S p 97, 27;
forward to the time when it goes white) 3622: 0.0. Suv. roy, 7 ; 464, 17 (iizuksuz).
.YIII(?)Tef. u m a n - (so spelt) translates racd,
and in other quotns. means 'to look forward to' D a m r a k N.1A.S. fr. nrnm:-, c1.v. for the
and possibly 'to hope' 328: X w a r . X I I I u r n a n - meaning; properly 'benign, friendly', it came
'to hclpe' Ali 28: X I V u m a n - (once spelt also to mean 'to whom one is friendly; beloved.
u m e n - ) 'to hope, trust', possibly 'to ask for' dear'; it is often difficult to determine
Qtrld 198, 203. \\.hich sense is upperlnust. It became an early
 D I S . 1'. A M R - 163
1.-w. in Mong. as amaraf 'love, friendship' Khak., 'ruv. a m l r a - 'to be at peace', euphe-
(Ila~nisch6); survives in some NE, SE, and mism for 'to die', no doubt reborrowings fr.
perhaps NW languages, the dissyllabic forms Mong. rather than direct survivals. See
being true survivals and the trisyllabic re- a m r a m a k l ~ g .Uyg. vrrr ff. Man. anqulayu
borrowinqs fr. Mong. See Iloerfer 11 554. a m r a r e r t i sizni tiiziigii 'they loved you all
Tiirkii v ~ r rff. IrkB' Postscript (amtl:): Uyg. in the same way'(as children lore(8ever) their
V I I I ff. Man.-A E z r w a t e ~ r i n i ga m r a k klzl mother and father') TT 11198.
'the benign daughter of the god Zurvan'
M I 25, 32-3: Rqan. M I 1 R , 10 (i,) (6piigse:-): emr-1:- IIap. leg., but see e m r f t - , e m r i g -
Chr. Herod addressed the Magi as a m r a k Xak. X I 01 menin y1:nim emr1:di: ihtakka
o g l a n l a r ~ mU I 5, 4: Dud. the king habitual- casadi 'he Scratched my body' Kay. 1 275
ly addressed his son as a m r a k o g l u m or (emri:r* emri:me:k).
6giikiim PP 4, 4; 5, 7 etc.: a m r a k y e m e D a m u r t - Caus. f. of * a m u r - ; 'to quieten,
adrliur sev,g yeme ser 'friends are
and lovers are fickl&?)3PP 711 5-6. calm (someone or something ~ c c . ) .Survives
in S'V xx Anat. same meaning
o,o, TP'I V t o , 14; Sttv,446, U 11i 8 , 321 S D D 99' See amlrtgur-. Xak'
U III 12, 18; 36, I 4 etc,; U I V 14, 143-5: 6pke:sin amurttl: askana gadaba'l-amir 'he
Civ. (if a man hag a mole on his pudenda) calmed the anger of the beg'; also used for
uzuntonlugka amrak bolur is friendly quietening the excitement of a colt or the boil-
to T T VII 37, 6-7: xlv ing of a pot and the like, Kaf. III 428 (verse;
ho hno (Giles 3,945 3,889) 6friendlyl
a m ~ r a k(N.B. Mong. form) Ligpli 129; R Or Infin')'
I 648: X a k , XI a m r a k k 6 ~ i i lal-qnlbu'l- D e m r i t - Hap. leg.; Caus. f. of emri:-.
-mahmlilu'l-ttnqi 'a warm, pure heart' Km. I X a k , XI kaglnma:k m e n i g yi:nim emritti:
101 : Gag. Xv ff. l m r a g (sic, spelt) ma!llib wa al-iriltka n?mkka casodi 'the irritation made my
marfib wa ntahblih 'desired, loved' San. II4v. body itchs, as when a man has an itch in his
27 (quotns.): Xwar. xl11(?) anuD birle arm-pit or neck, and his body is irritated
amlrak(sic) bold1 'he was friendly with him' (,,,!,tnkk) tly it and he bursts out laughing
O j . 123: K o m . xlv 'having a liking for (some- Kay. I 2hr (emritiir, enritme:k).
thing)' a m r a k C C G ; Gr.: KIP. X I I I 'ayiqa
'to love (passionately)' a m r a : k bol- Hou. 34, D a r n r ~ l - / a m r u l - Pass. f. of *amur-;
8: xv may! 'inclination towards (someone)' n.0.a.b. Uyg. V ~ I Iff. Man. a m r l l m l g nlrva-
a m r a k Ttrh. 9oa. 13. n ~ gt a p s u n l a r 'may they be at peace and
attain nirudv' T T I11 168: Bud. a r e ~ l a rt e g
VU i m r e m 'a public gathering'; pec. to Kay. amrllmlg kiil)ii1liig minds at peace
Xak. X I l m r e m kull camd'dt min ahli'l- like rri~s, I V 34, 59-60; atrfi kaDiilleri
-wildyn idd xridti f i amr 'any gatherings of the amrllmaz turulmaz *then their minds are
I'eo~le of province when meet dir- uneory (IIcnd.)' (and hecome full of doubt)
cuss a matter'; one says i m r e m t e : r f ~ t l : suv, 290, 16; O.O, 1 , 3; usp. 103, 23;
taharraka'l-cnmd'a 'the assembly started to TT VIII D , ~ ~x1a1 :k . kaynarr egiF
move' f h f . 1107; ya&: kelse: lrnrem tep- a m r u l d ~ :rakana'[-qidr fi ga[asdnihd 'the pot
re:qii:r idd ca'a'l-'odurum iciania'al-ahadb ceased to boilm,because cold n-ater was poured
li-qitalihim 'when the enemy comes the troops in it; and one says er tl:nI: amruldl: rakana
assemble to fight them' 1 8 8 , 2 (the translations nofru~~-racr,~ wa mdln cthe breathing
make it clear that the original text had teP- ceased, and he diedp; also used of anrtlling that
revti: in I 107 and t6:rigii:r in 1 8 8 , 2). calms down (sakana) after being excited Kaf.
D amranc Dev, N.,A. fr, amran-; lit. 'in easy 1 248 (amrllur, amr1lma:k; sic in hfS.):
circumstances' or the like, Act, to F, W, I(, a.O. 1 5 3 , 4 ( ~ g l ~K) B
: barlga biitiin bolgll
Miiller.s note to II r8, 6 corresponds to a m r u l a m u l 'be sure of His existence, be at
heslIri(which is normally translated baya:gut) peace and quiet' 26; kagiil yeme amN'up
in ?he sanskrit original, ~ , ~ . ~uyg.
, b ,v r l l R: and sour mind at rest' 5760; a.0. 5826: xrll(?)
Bud. ulug a m r a n c l a r atlrglar 'great mer- Tef. amrul- Ito be at peace', S r .
chants and distinguished persolin' Kuon. 124, D a m r a n - Refl. f. of amra:-; basically 'to be
126 ( U II 18, and Osm. xlv Cmrenc, friendly, loving' and the like in a good sense,
emrence (?lmrancllmranca) occurr, in two it came sometimes to mean 'to desire, lust' in
texts where it collld have much +he same an evil sense in Uyg. Bud., possibly because
meaning T7'S I 379. Chinese ai (Giles 15) was used in both senses.
S.i.s.m.1.; N E Alt. a m r a n - 'to live in peace'
Dis. V. AMR- R 1 6 5 0 , and SW xx Anat. a m r a n - 'to loll.
sprawl' S D D 99 arc prob. reflections of the
* a m u r - See amru:, a m u r t - , amrul-. meaning of amam- (amra:-) as a I.-w. in
E imer-lfmfr- See emge:-. Mong. but NC Kzx. Cmren-JCmiren- (of a
mother) 'to fondle' R 1963, MM 141 and S W
D amra:- Den. V. fr. * a m u r (see amul). Osni. i m r e n - 'to long for, covet'; Tkm.
N.0.n.h. but an early I.-w. in Mong. art atnam- i m r i n - 'tosytnpathize with, like' are no doubt
'to be contented, at peace' (Haenisch 6, Kozu.. direct survivals. Ttirkii vrrr ff. Man. (the
99). NE Alt. a m r a - ; Kumd., Tel. R 1648, four seals put on the minds of believers are)
this object was supposed to have magic Mon. A N
qualities. Survives, more or less in the second I'reliminary note. Apart from m thcre were
meaning, in N E $or u m a y R I 1788; Khak. three nasal sounds in early Turkish: dental n ,
l m a y (sic) and NC Klr. u m a y ; the last also cuhich has srcrvived in all langtcages, guttural
means 'a mythical hird that builds its nest g, which has srtrvived in some languages, been
in the air', hut this is merely a corruption of weakened to n in others and in a few, under
Persian hrcnrfiy. Tiirkil V I I I (my younger the inflrtence of Mon,q. (sre Studies. p. 220).
brother grew to manhood) u m a y t e g ogiim strengthened to r ~ g ,g k , and palatal fi, rohich
katu:n kut~:rJa: 'under the auspices of my was already beconrirrg obsnlrte in V l I I and has
mother who is like (the goddess) Umay' I E now evolvedinto y, n or a con~hinafiorrof the fu30,
31; a.n. T 38 (haaa:)--- K o g m e n [. . .] ~ d u k
.
y e r s u v [. . . j k a n tegri:d[e: . .] u m a y
~ ~ r u a lmetathesized,
ly we Clauson, 'The Turkish
Y and Related Sounds' in Studia Altaica,
xatu:n Inscription on a tile found near Ulan Festschrift fur Nikolaus Poppe, Wicshaden,
Bator E T Y 11 161: V I I I ff. Ye in Mal. 28, a I 9 5 7 There is some difficitlty in texts in Ar.
jumble of twn separate inqcri&inns, one seems script in distingnirhing between and n g , but the
to h e ~ i nat 1. 3 b u a t l r n ~ zU m a y beg a t l m , latter combination seems to occur only when -g-
but Umay Beg is an unlikely name for a man: is the first letter of a sufix, and in Kag. words
Uyg. vlr! ff. Civ. two parties to a contract containing g are placed in special sections jm
described themselves as Ballg U m a y ikigii words containing thai sound. Some authorities,
'Balig and Umay, the two of 11s togcther' e.g. td., tried to overconre the difficulty by
USp. 5, I and 6 ; u m a y kCq tiivser 'if the rrprerenting g by n with n diacritical mark,
placenta is slow in comlng away' T T VII 27, usually three nrbscribrd dots, but this mark is
16: Xak. X I uma:y 'a thing like a small con- oftrn lacking in the surviving M S S . : in others
tainer (ka'l-hrtqqa) which comes out a woman's somefimrs seems to be used to represent 9.
womb after a birth; it is said that it is the
child's comrade (i~iI~ibu'l-wnlad) in the womb'. D a n - stern for the oblique cases of 01, q . ~ .
(Prov.) uma:yka: taplnsa: o g u l bu1u:r 'if
one worships the placenta (or limily?) one 1 a g 'understanding, intelligence'. T h e earliest
gets a son'; the women take omens (vatnfa'- note of this word is in ,Tan., but as it is
'alna) with it K a j . I 123: KIP. sv .ualri$ the basis of ag1a:- it must be mucll older.
(01-mar'a inserted above) u m a y fih. 14a. (I S.i.a.m.1.g. except N E and ?SC. See Docrfer
(xalfip nieans 'salvation', which is quite in- I 1 565. Gag. xv ff. arJ (spelt) 'aql-u fahm
appropriate, and also 'end'; the addition 'of a 'intelligence, understanding' Sun. 5 2 r 2: KIP.
woman' suggests that 'placenta' was intended). xrv see ag1a:-.
VU 2 aD Hap. leg.; possibly a Chinese I.-w.
Dis. A M Z Xak. XI a g ism td'ir yrctadiiwd bi-fahmihi 'the
V U iimzUk Hap. leg.; hardly to be connected name of a bird whose fat is used for medicinal
with S W xx Anat. UmzUk 'short pieces of purposes', if it is rubbed on the palm of the
thread' S D l > 1431. T h e difference between hand it penetrates to the other side K a j . 1 4 0 .
the m e a n i n ~ s of this word and yallg is
obscure. Xak. X I iimziik raraf !lanwi'l-sarc VU 3 arJ Hap. leg.; cf. 2 u:. O g u z xr a 9 an
muqaddam w n nrtr'axxar 'the extremity of a exclamation (harf) meaning 'no' (lii); when a
saddle-how in front and behind' K q . I 105. man is given an order he says a g a g 'no no',
Kaj. 140.
Dls. V. AMZ- S ? 4 a g See 3 eg.
D emiiz- Caus. f. of e m - ; 'to cause to suck'. E ? 5 a g See i eg.
This is the oldcst form; emgiz-, prob. a Sec.
f. of it, is first noted in Muh. and survives in 1 d:n 'breadth', as opposed to length.
one or two modern languages, and emziir-, S.i.a.m.1.g. in forms which clearly point to an
prob. a Caus. f. of it, is also noted in Mtth. and original 8-. Xak. XI & n 'the breadth' (01-'ard)
was the standard form in I<lp. (Hou. 36, 13; of anything; hence one says bu: b6:z bni:
Id. 23; K a v . 69, IS). E m i z - s.i.a.m.l.g., some- neqe: 'what is the breadth of this cloth?' Kay.
times perhaps for emglz-, except in SW 1 4 9 ; a.o. I 3 4 9 (turk): KB 138(evlig): XIII(?)
Az. e m i z d i r - ; Osm. e m z i r - ; Tkm. e m d i r - . Tef. 6 n 'breadth' 7 7 : xrv R&. ditto R I 7 2 6
Xak. X I ura:gut oR11rJa: sli:t emiizdi: (quotn.); M u h . ( ? )'ardu'l-!awb 'the breadth of
arda'ati'l-mar'atrr'l-laban li'bnihii 'the woman a garment' to:n 8:ni: Rif. 167 (only): F a g .
suckled her child (with milk)' Kay. I 180 xv ff. 6n ('with 4-') 'ard-u pahnd 'breadth'
(emuzilr, emlizme:k); a.0. III 264, 11: Sun. 117v 17: Klp. XIV Bn (erroneously
XIII(?) Tef. emiiz- 'to put out (a chrld) to marked 'with back vowel'; v.1. en) al-'ard
nurse' 77: X I V Muh. a m o f f a 'to cause to suck' daddu'l-lam1 'breadth', opposite to length f d .
e m g i z - (sic) Mel. 41, 11 ; e m i z - Rif. 132; 23: xv 'arid 'broad' (yaggl and) enlbn Tub.
(arda'a'l-walad emziir- 22, 5; emzti:r- 102): 2 5 a 4.
Gag. xv ff. Cmiz- (spelt) Caus. f. of Cm-;
makdnidan w a fir dtidan 'to suckle, give milk' 2 &n 'sloping downwards'; pec. to Xak.;
San. I I jv. 5; (Cmizdir- Caus, f, of 4mi2-, homophonous w. Cn-. Xak. XI B:n yB:r al-
pir dihanidan do. I 1 3 v 17). -hobtit mina'l-ard 'downward sloping ground'
 hence one says P:n yok Irahtn rco sn'tid 'up and l:n 'the holr, or lair, of a \vild ;~~iit~inl'.
down country' Kay. 1 4 9 ; a.0. 1114, rz (YI:$). S.i.a.m.l.g. Tiirkii v r i ~ff. ( 1 an1 a polden-
headed snake; cut 111yhclly with a swnrd and)
3 Pn 'earmark' on shccp or other animals; not 6zti:m yul intl:n bag~mt:n yul ev1:ntl:n
noted before xrv but the Ilev. V. 6ne:- is 'pull me out of the hole and my head out of
older. Survives in NE Khak. Bas. 59; NC the berries(?)' IrkB 8: Xak. xi i:n 'the den
Klr., I(zx., and SW xx Anat. en, In, i n S D D ('nrin) of a lion, the hole (ruicdr) of a snaly and
531, 770, 7 9 r KIP. siv (after 1 6:n) also used the lair (tna'wd) of any predatory animal ; also
for"! tidni'l-gnnattr 'an earmark on sheep' fd. pronounced yi:n K q . 1 4 9 ; y i n 'a lion's den'.
23 (156). hence one says arsla:n yini:; also 'the hole'
I eg an Adjectival Prelix forming a quasi- of a snake, and 'the lair' of any predatory
Superlative. S.i.a.m.1.g. as e g occasionally 60. animal with fangs o t tusks (dii ndb) is called
In spite of the fairly consistent spelling ay in yin 1115 (prov. with Dat. ylnke:, verse with
Uyi.. which is contradicted hy ey in TT VIII, Dat. ylnka: in error): Gag. xv ff. i n (by im-
there is no reasonable doubt that this was plication '\vith i-') stir& ccn xiitln-i ciitiua-
always eg. See Doerfer I 1 566. T u r k i i V I I I eg rdn 'hole, or abode, of wild beasts' Son. 117v.
ilk I N 4; eg Ilki: I E 32; I1 E 30 'first of all' 4 (quotns.): X w a r . xlv in 'hole' Qtith so:
(adverbially): Uyg. vrrl ff. h1an.-A egilkiditto K o m . xlv ditto C C G ; Gr.: Klp. al-tna&ira
M I 14. 6: Bud. Sanskrit antimo- 'last of all' 'a cave' i n Non. 5, 18: xrv (after 1 en) also
(Adj.)eg kPnki TT VIIIA.48; ag(sic)ilki TT applied (~,nn!nliq)in KIP. to 01-mnkr uln'l-wicrir
T720,2; a g baqlayukr trltagl 'its prin~arycause' 'the nest or hole' of a wild animal or the
do. 20, 3 and 7; a g b a y do. 20, 10; 24, 55; a g abodes (httyrit) of reptiles; hrnce yllan lnidiir
baglayu Suu. 348, 6; a g t u b i n d e 'finally' 'it is the hole (crtlir) of a snake' fd. 23 ; al-mnhr
TT VII 40, 143: Civ. eg 6 g r e 'first' (Adv.) i n Rtrl. 7 . 16: xv crrhr In Tuh.loa. 10: O s m .
TT VIII L.33; a n ilki TT V I I 14, 4; H I xv In 'h';;le, h i d i n ~ ' ~ l a c (for
e ' a man) in one
14: Xak. XI K B b u l a r d a e n a l t ~ n'the lowest text TTS 1379.
of these' 137, 793 (agnu:k~:),3997: Kom. XIV
o:n 'ten'. C.i.a.p.a.l.; the long vowel is shown
eg (before lahials e m ) CCI, C C G ; Gr. 89
(quotns.). by sporadic spellings of oon in Uyi., hy o:n
in K q . , v u n a , van&, v u n n a , vonna in
2 eg sun-ivrs only in S\V s ~ Osin. s hut even Cuv. Ash. 1/ 266-7 and u o n in Yakut Pek.
there described in Snttt. 143 as 'obsolete'. Most 3037. T i i r k u V I I I o n I N 7 ; 7' 26; V I I I ff.
authorities translate 'check', hut as it is often Alan. o o n Clrtms. 42; o n do. go: Yen. Mal.
associatrd with colours, 'cotnplcxion', the 26, I I ; 28, 7 ; 29, 5; 30, 2 : Uyg. V l l 1 $11. E 4,
Osm. meaning, may sonletimes he intended; S 7: is Sttci 5 ; 111 ( I 4: V I I I ff. hln~r.,Brcd.,
ynga:k, the alternative word for 'cheek' seems Civ. conrnrott: slv Chin.-UJ*. Dirt. o n Ligeti
originally to have meant specifically 'cheek- 187: Xak. X I o:n 01-'ngnm fi'l-'o(/nl/ 'the nun)-
hone'. Xnk. X I e g nl-zndd 'check'; one says bcr ten* Kng. 1 4 9 ; 0.0. 1 6 9 , 26; 219, 14: KB
klzll e g 'red checks' Kog. 140: KB s a r i &krlga 132, 998, ctc. : s t 1 1 At. (pains come) o n u n 'ten
eg 'it will make my cheeks yellow' 477; 0.0. (see at a time' 210; Tqf. 237: xrv Miih. 'ogorn o:n
klz-) 1100. 2385: ~ I I I ( ?At. ) (the prophets Mcl. 18, 9 and 1 1 ; 81, 8 and 12; R ( f . 97, 186:
have white faces, hlu~jatntnadis the eye in the F a g . : ~ vff. on (hy implicntion, 'with 0-')
face) yii o l a r krml eg b u enke m e g - e 'or they ndnd-I dill Son. 88v. 20: X w a r . xlv M N 61:
(have) red cheeks, end he is the mole on the Krp. xrlr 'ngnra o n Iiotr. 22, 7: xiv o n (with
check' 26 : xiv Alith.( ?)al-xadd eg (followed by hack vowel) 'njnra fd. 23; Uttl. 12. 12: xv
01-'arid 'cheek-bone' yaga:k) Rif. 140 (only): ditto Ko79. 39, I etc.; 65, 8 ; l'trh. 6oh. 4 etc.
Gag. xv ff. eg yavok VrI. 31 (quotn.); 6g ditto
84 (quotn.); kg giittu rua 'drid 'complexion, u:n 'flour'. S.i.a.m.l.~.Xak. XI u:n al-daqiq
cheek' Sorl. I I jv. 28 (quotns.): X w a r . X I V e g 'flour' Kog. 1 4 9 ; about 20 0.0.: slv Rhg. u n
'cheek' Qirtb 21 ; e g do. 50; M N 6, etc.: Klp. 'flour' R I 1640 (quotn.); Miilt. al-daqiq u:n
siv e g ('with -9') j!rt!lnq 'alri'l-xndd 'is used MeI. 64, 7; Rif. 163: Gag. s v ff. u n ('with
uith reference to the cheek' fd. 25; (under u-') 'anything pulverized' (ntnsirtiq) in general
bugday) e m /nnut:ri'l-xndd 'the colour of the (quotn.) and 51d 'flour' in particular (quotn.)
cheeks' do. 34. Snn. 88v. 22: X w a r . xrv u n 'flour' Qutb 198:
KIP. X I I I (after om), and it is also 'ground
3 eg with a front vo\vcl occurs only in IrkB, flour' (01-daqiqrr'l-tnafhrin) Hotr. 22, 7: XIV u n
where it might mean 'wild game' (but for this \nth back vowels) al-dnqiq fd. 23; nl-tn?rit~
a:v might be expected) or, more generally, ' k u r ' u:n Bul. 8, 8: xv ol-daqiq u:n Kav. 63,
'food' (usually a:?). Its relationship to Mong. 15; Tub. 158. 13.
ay 'wild game' (Koru. 15, Haltod 2) is obscure,
hut since the Mongols must have had their 1 09 like 1 sa:g q.v. nnd, in English, 'right',
own word for 'wild game' the resemblance the opposite both of 'left' and of 'wrong'.
is prob. fortuitous. Ag %ild game' in most Both meanings seem equally old. Except in
NE languages R I 182, Khak., Tuv., and NC scripts which carefully distinguish between O-
Klr., is no doubt a Mong. I.-w. T u r k 3 and 6 - easily confused with 1 69, particularly
vlii ff. b a r s keyf:k egke: megke: barmi:$ in regard to the cardinal points, since for
eg1:n megi:n b u l m i : ~'a leopard and a deer someone facing East iigtiin is 'East' and for
went to look for game (or food ?)and grain and someone facing South ogtun is 'West'. Rare
found it' I r k B 31 (cf. egle:-). in the early period but s.i.a.m.l.g. in both
 meanings, i l l SW or~lyin the second meaning fame' 1692; a.0. 5153: XIII(?)Trf. iin 'human
and in 'I'km. and xx Anat. SDL) 1090-1. Sce voice; animal call' 338: xrv Muh. 01-fau-t tl:n
Doerfpr 11 624. Uy& V I J I ff. Man.-A oglnta Mel. 73, 12; H i f . 176: Gag. xv ff. un ('with
tegri ybrlgerii kapagrn a q d ~'on his right ii-') rodti cua riru~Tz'voice, sound' Sun. 88v.
he opened the door to heaven' M I I 3, 6-7: 20 (quotn.): X w a r . X I I I ditto 'Ali 21: xlv
Bud. (if he perforins two kinds of deeds) ditto Qufh. 203: Kom. x ~ vditto CCI, C C G ;
tergll oglr edguli aylgI1 'wrong and right, C r : KIP. X I I I (after o:n) also a/-forcl wa'l-birr
good and bad' 7'T VI 196; similar phr. 'voice' Hou. 22, 7: x ~ iin v ('with front vowel')
do. 451 : Civ. (let him hold this amulet) 00 ol-fawt Id. 23: xv !tin (in margin hisru'l-na'am
a y a s ~ n d u'in his right palm' T7' VII 27, X: 'voices of animals') iin Tuh. ~ z b 6. ; rodd ((1)
cigi! XI 00 elig 01-ynd~r'l-yumnd 'the right t a t , p a s with $adJ minn'l-hodid 'iron rust' in
hand Kq. I 4 1 ; 3.0. (Xak.) 1 7 2 , 14 (ellg): the margin; (2) with al-bay&% 'the ordinary
KB kbdin ligdiln e r m e z n 8 soldln ogun (meaning)' in the marpin) iin do. 22a. 11:
'(God) is not behind or infront, to the left or O s m . xrv ff. iin 'sound, voice' c.1.a.p.;
the right' 18; 0.0. of ' r i ~ h t(not left) 772, 917, 'fame' not noted before X I X TTS 1744-5; I1
1857, 4056, etc.-'right' (not wrong) 536 (in 950-2; I11 729; I V 802.
antithcnio to tetrii:), 1225, 5909: XIII(?)At.
the uses of og are obscure; in senig r a h m a - 1 6 8 'the front' of anything; in the early
trgdln u m a r m e n og-a in it seems to mean period used mainly in oblique cases of which
'I long for right (~uidance)from thy mercy' two, Bgdlin and Bgre: are listed separately;
hut in I 15-16 (and 198) it seems rather to the form bgii, q.v., may be a crasis of Bgkii:,
mean 'destiny, fate', kamuij, tlirliig igte N.1A.S. in -ku: (-kt:). Survives only(?) in
biligslr o g ~o k i i n ~01 a g a r yok og a n d a SW Az., Osm., Tkm. Tiirkii V I I I ff. Man. (if
a d l n 'in all kinds of things the fate of the they go to heaven) bgti kaprgt kiln a y t e g r i
ignorant man is regret, he has no other fate 01 'its front gate is the sun and moon pods'
but this'; Tef. 0 9 'right' (not left) 237: Gag. Chrtas. 7-8: Civ. 6ziige og ig baglagil 'begin
xv ff. 09 sot tnrnf 'the right side' (quotns.) . . ., the work which confronts you' TT I 150; in
and gowdb WP rcist 'right, corrcct' VPI.121; 05 USp. 5 , 3 (ilqiin); 48, 3 ; I r 2, 7 which are all
( I ) rrist bn-nto'ltri-yi mw6b (quotn.), (2) rtist receipts piven to rcplace previous receipts, the
doddi pap 'opposite to Icft' (quotn.) Son. 89r. original, lost, document is called 69 bit18
6: Xwar. xrrr(?) o g yagakta 'on the rinht 'previous(?) document': Xak. XI 8 g al-pudddm
side' 08. I 16: xlv 00 ditto Q u ~ h"7: Kom. 'the front'; one says 01 m e n d e n 6gdiin
x ~ v'right (side); right (in antithesis to terrr); hard[: 'he went in front of me' (qndddnti)
salvatio~i'o g CCI, C C G : Gr. 177 (quotns.): Kaf. 1 4 0 : XI[(?)KRVP(they read this book)
KIP. xrv ng ('with -9') al-yaminfd. 25; a.0. do. mallknlg iigiinde 'in the presence of the
58 (1 sa:a); o g al-murraqim 'right, straight- king' 60: xrr~(?)At. Bg ( I ) as an Adv. e.g.,
forward' do. 25 : xv yon131o:g (mia-spclt ozrt) (day and night follow one another) Bg sog-a
Kav. 35, 4 ; Tidr. 39a 9 ; 73b. 8 ; rnrrstaqim o g 'in front and behind' 14 (ud-); (2) as a Post-
Tuh. 3 4 b 10. posn. e.g. (save yourself from thefire)alumdln
iig-e 'before death'; (3) as an Adj., e.g. (this
? 2 og tLip. leg ;there is no other trnce of such world is an inn at which travellern halt an they
an ahbrcviation of oga:y, and it 1s posqible that pass) Kg ark19 uzadl k o p u p yo1 tutup Bgl
this was a misunderstanding of 1 og in the kopmtq ark19 nece keqgliliik 'the caravan
sense of 'right (not wrong)', which is not noted in front has gone away, starting and taking the
in Kaf. Xak. X I on 1:g a/-nmru'l-shl zco huwn road, how can another caravan which has
qagr oga:y 'an easy th~ng', abbreviation of (alrcady) stnned be far behind?' 1 7 ~ 8 0 Tef. ;
oga:y Kay. I 4 1 . iig occurs as an Adv. and Postposn. after
Ahl. and in phr. like senig Bgiigde 'in your
jUn/it:n originally 'the sound of the human presence' 246: xrv Rbf. Q g b ~ h r Bgiinde r~ 'in
'voice', hence more generally 'sound'. ? h e the presence of Cain' R I 1202: Gag. xv ff.
mctnph. meaning 'fame' in KB seems to survive 09 m e 1 'first', etc. Vcl. 121: O ~ U XI Z (after
only in SW Osm. Although Kaj. gives the ogdun of-quddrim) the 0guz omit the - d u n
alternative U:n, iin was prob. the usual form. and say 60 Kaj. I I 15: Xwar. xrv 6g with
S.i.a.m.l.g. TLlrku vrrr ff. Man. u l u g iiniin Abl. 'before' (of time); 6 g i i ~ e 'into his
m a g r a d l 'he shouted in a loud voice' M 1 6 , presence' Quth 123: Kom. xlv 'in the presence
10; a.0. M 11145, 3 (i) (I: etin): Uyg. vrrr ff. of God' tegeri (iniinde (sic) CCG; Gr. 183:
Bud. sevigllg E z r w a iinln 'with Zurvan's KIP. X I I I maqddimtt'l- fnras 'a horse's forelegs'
(i.e. Brahma's) lovely voice U 111 34, 3 (ii); o:g aya:kla:rl: Hou. 12, 18: O s m . xrv to
k i i v d g d i n iin iiner 'a sound rises from the XVI 6g, as an Adv., and Postposn. after
drum' Stm. 375,9; 0.0. U III 13, 5 (i)(l aslg); .4bl., 'hefore' (of time and place) is common;
Suv. 346, 22; 490, 18; T T V 10, 104 and 108: occasionallv means 'superior to (something
Civ. klm an1 biitiip 'if anyone loses his voice' Abl.)' TTS I 564; 111559; I V 624.
H I 146; a.0. 1116, 29: Xak. XI iin of-$owl;
it is elso permissible (yacix) to say ii:n Kai. I 2 og 'colour', of anything. Since Chinese $4
39; U:n al-$orct, mamdrid wa maqptir 'with long (Giles 9,602), properly 'colour', is also used
o r short vowel' I 49; six 0.0.: K B iin (I) to translate Sanskrit rripa 'material form', in
'human voice' 77, 1132; (2) hird's call' 74-8; some Man. and Bud. texts 60 is used in the
(3) 'noise' 5954; (4) at1 u n i 'his name and same technical sense, instead of the natural
translatioti of this word, kiirk, q.v. Survives
only in some N E lat~guagcs and NC Klr..
Kzs.; in thcse languages it tends to mean 'the
rolling(?) dr,wt~ Iiill' T' 20: V I I I IT. Rlan. e n t l
'he came d o \ \ ~ i Clirrns.
' 1 4 : Yen. b a g r m k e l i p
e s c n h i p 'my clan came and descended in
11
complexion of the face' and even 'the face', safety' Mnl. 39, 4 (fra~nientary,duhinus text): ,
which leads to confusion with 2 e g and even Uyk. V I I I If. Man. k a l ~ g t l nk o & entlgiz 'you
1 Gg. Tiirkii V I I I ff. hlan. (the five sods are came down from the firmament' T T 111 35;
the majesty) 0g1 m e g z i 'the material form a.o.0. : Aud. b u ybrtinqiike 6 n e y a r l ~ k a s a r I
(I-lend.)' (the self, soul, strenpth, light, and 'if (hlaitreya) deigns ti) comc down to this
root of everything or1 earth) Chtios. 46: Uyg. world' T T 11' 12, 47; u l u g becjiik kusiigke
V I I I ff Ihid. beg torliig y a r u k 6 9 'five kinds Bnip sink in^ in great (Ilentl.) longing' Suv.
of bright colours' T T TI 12, 133-at
translates Sanskrit ttdmnrripn 'identity and
material form' U II rz, 19, ctc.; o g k o r k
89 615, 6-7; 0.0. PP 49, 5 ; USp. 94, 4: Civ. a91
k o d ~e r l m e s e r 'if (the patient's) fnod will not
go down' H 11 14, 119: X a k . X I 01 t a : g d ~ n
kodl: 6nd1: 'he descended (trazoln) from the
\
.
rtipn T T V I 151, etc.; Strr,. 164, zo: Xak.
X I o g 'the colour' (larutr) of anything; hencc mountain'; the - n - is changed (tnrthdnln) from
one says yn:gtl ogliig to:n 'a preen (ax&r) -1- (see 11-) as in Ar. jo!n,'go!l and knhnlknbl
coloured pnr~iient'KO$. 1 4 1 . Knf. I 169 (no Aor. <,r Infin.); (the snow)
Cne:r 'falls' (ynrrzil) II z o j , 13: K l l 6nigll
V U 3 o g (?iig) 'desolate, uninhabited, desert'. a g a r 01 a g ~ g let n e r 'what falls rises, and what
A rare word, n.o.a.b., first identilied by Bang rises falls' 1049; a.o. 210: xrrr(?) Trf. 6n- 'to
in Tirrcica (R.I.V.A.G. 1917) p. 286. T h e descend. come down' I Z F (in-): xlv Rbri. 6n-
synonymous word e:n in most NE languages ditto R z 727 (quotn.): n'itih. hnzolo 6n- Mel.
R 1 7 2 9 ; Khak. Bns. 334; Tuv. Pal. 591 and 31, 1 1 ; Rif. 115; 0.0. 8, 6 ; 9, I , 3, and 8 ; I
NC Klr. is phonetically so remote that i t is 81. 123: Gag. xvff. e n - ('with 6-' r17v. 7)
hard to connect with this word. T u r k i i VIII ff. ftirtid dmadnn mn n&il jttdnn 'to come down,
ozliik a t o g y6rde: a r l p ogu:p t u r u : kal- descend' Son. 115r. 12 (quotns.): X w a r . s l v
mi:$ 'a well-bred horse came to a standstill e n - ditto AJN 137: K o m . s l v 'to rlescend' e n -
in a desert exhausted and wilting' I r k B 17: C C I , C C G ; Gr.: Klp. S I I I nnzaln (tug- and) I
Uyg. V I I I ff. Bud. t a a d a i\g (v.1. tag) y 6 r d e e n - (?, unvocalized) Notc. 33, 16: xrv 6n-
k a n d a y o r l s a r '011 the mountains and in the nnznln id. 23.
deserts (v.1. stonv or fnreign places) wherever
he goes. T T V I I 15; tagtln 6 9 y e r d e y o n y - 1 e g - 'to bc perplescd'; n.o.a.b., but see
[ur] do,, p. 6z note 115, 2 ; s a n s a r l l g u z u n egit-, egtiir-. X a k . X I e r cgdi: taltayyora'l-
o g kiirtiikug 'the long deserts and snowdrifts -mcitl 'the man was perplexed' Knj. I 174
(ege:r, egme:k); (see manly virtue and learn
of snm,virn' U l I I z 9 , 3 5 ; o g k u r t u k o t r a s l n d a
b o l t u k t a 'when one is in the middle of deserts it hut d o not he proud; if a man boasts
and snowdrifts' Ti$. sob. 5. of his tnnnly virtue without possessing it)

M o n . V. AN-
e g m e g u d e : (sic) ege:r yntn!#a.vynr !zdlnta'l-
-itnti!intt 'hc is perplexed when it comes to a
test' 1 2 5 2 , 19 (the verse has two more syllahles
'
'to rcnlelnher, cn" mind'. Unless than it s l i ~ u l d .and the lirst xvord is rohahly
a g n u n 9.v. is an crror, not t~otcd before cor,pt): K B egip kaldl Ogdiilmfg elgin
SIII(?)hut prob. an older word. Sntr.s transla- uva '(jgdiilmiS stood in perplesity,
tion 'to understand' is prob. due to confusion his hands, 5967: osm. to xvI egu yaDu
with 1 and riot cvidcnce for an earlier at a loss9 in a few TTS 1270;
connection between the two words. Surv~ves I1 385; I11 254; I V 299.
in NIV Kar. Krlm R I 123 and S W Osm.,
Tktn. (Xak.) x r r ~ ( ? )At. m u m k e d a g - a 'be S ? 2 eg- 'to bend', etc. See eg-.
sure to remember this' 18; s o z u m n i a g - a
'reniember my words' 22; TP~. a g - 'to remem- o n - , etc. Preliminary note. Ka$. lists three verbs I
ber' 55: Gag. xvff. ag- ydd knrdan wa of this form 09- 'to fade', u n - 'to rise', and iig-
fnhrnidnn wa mrrtariflkkir ~trdair'to remember, 'to hollow otrt', but not o n - 'lo prosper' which
understand, call to mind' Sun. 50v. 8 (quotns. was well established a t an enriin date, and still
in (;a%. and Rlimi): X w a r . x ~ avg - 'to remem- srtrvives, thotigh in most languages os on-. Two
ber' Q t ~ t b 9 : KIP. XIII dokam min dikr more verbs appeared in the medieval period,
xdtiri'i-jnv' 'to remember, in the sense of iin- 'to be stubborn' ntrd 09- 'to lie in wait'.
recallins the thought of something' ag- Hou.
-45,'8: ~ I aVg - ('with -9-') dakorn fd. 24: xv I t is riot always easy in texts to decide which verb
$tnknra 'to think of (something)' a g - Ttrh. is intended and sometinrrs rchetltrr words like #
gb. 12. o g a r a n d o n u ore conjiigational forms of one
of these verbs or a longer vrrb like o g a r - or a
e n - 'to descend, come down'. S.i.a.m.l.g. Pronoun (see D onu).
except S E in a variety of forms e n - , en-, i n -
which point to an original 6-. T i i r k i i VIII o n - 'to thrive, prosper'. Certainly so spelt
b a l ~ k d a k t~a:g l k m ~ gtagdakl: e n m i * 'those in the early period, but became 09- in the I
who were in towns took to the mountains, and medieval period, possibly by false analogy
those in the mountains came down' I E rz, II with 1 og, o g a r - , etc., and s.i.n.m.1.g. with
I I ; ~ b a r l ~ k ( a?g) d l m i z yuvulu: 6 n t i m i z these and some extended meanings, usually
we cmssed the Barl~k(mountain?) and went as 09-. U y g . V I I I ff. Man.-A. 01 tlgi t a k l g u l a r 1
 ANA
k a m a k a n o n a r l a r errnip yeme Qrkeki a r ~ & s r z l t gsu:vta: u n m l g i g do. 0.36; a:tt
neg [onmaz] e r m i g 'the hens all seemed to Unme:yBkige 'as their name has not arisen'
thrive and the cocks [not to thr~ve]at all' M I (i.e. been mentioned) do. H.5: kim etad uktam
36, 8-1 I ; o n a r... .. .
onmaz onmaz ... bhavnti 'why has this heen said?' translated
o n a r do. 37, 16-18: (Bud. ongall kagtilgerip b o sa:vda: ne: yoriig iine: 'what explanation
in U I1 8, 22; 0, I efc. is a mistranscription of arises in this statement?' do. 11.6; o r t yalln
6gelI): Xak. sr K13 bilig bilse otrii k a m r ~ g iiner 'a flame rises' U I125. 2 j ; o.o. do. 27, 2 2 ;
19 o n u r 'if he learns wisdom, all his affairs Surl. 375, 9 (un); 490, 1 8 ; T T V 8, 70; PP
prospcr' 1680; similar phr. 2451 ; s e r i n s e kiqi 4 , 5, etc. (all transcrihed &I-): Civ. ktin
t e g m e igte o n u r 'if a man is patient he is iine:r 'the sun rises' T T VIII P.39; >+rug
successf~~l in all his deeds' 2612; the inter- bullt iiniip 'a white cloud rose and . . .' T T I
jections a y o n u r 'oh successful man', and a y 4-5; 0.0. do. 45, 46; in medical language Un-
k11k1 o n u r 'oh man of a successful character' means (of a hoil, etc.) 'to come to a head' e x .
are fairly common 2143, 501, 5561; a.o. k a r t t e r k Uner 'the swelling quickly comes
2353; (the theory in R 1 1 6 6 that there was to a head' H ZI 6.6 u n u p e d g u bolur 'it comes
also a form on- in Xak. is hased on mis- to a head and pets better' do. 7, 2; a.0. H I 146
t ~ n ~ l r r s t a n ~ofl i ogdl,
n ~ q . ~ in
. 4605 and o g a r (bo*); in Fnm. Arch. evdln a n - , of a sum of
(Irripcrat.) in 4265): KIP. xrv ig ogdr: money, means 'to come from the family's own
istaqdrna'l-antr 'the matter was satisfactory, in resources'; and not from a loan: 0. Klr.
good order' f d . 25 : xv islaqdma og- Tuh. gh. ~x ff. yetmi* y a y m a : iintim 'I have reached
7 ; afla!~a 'to prospcr, thrive' (yalpl- and) 09- my 70th year' Ma/. 42, 3: Xak. xr o t undi:
do. gb. 10: O s m . xlv ff, og- 'to thrive, pros- nabata'l-nnht 'the plant sprang up'; and in
per; (of a wind) to bc favourable'; c.i.a.p. Uyg. (one of the very rare refces. to this
T T S I 545; 11731; 111546; ZV 610. lanauage in Kn?.)one says 01 evke: Undi:
dahobn ild haytihi 'he went home' Kag. 1169
1 00- 'to turn pale, to fade, to wilt'. S.i.a.111 1.g. ( l i n e r , unme:k); and seven 0.0. of plants,
except SW; in SE Turki on-. T i l r k u vrrr ff. trees, etc.: KB fin- 'to spring up' of plants,
IrkR r j (3 00): Xnk. XI barqln bodu:@: etc. is common, 120, 972, 975 (2 ap), 2688,
00d1 i~i)nmosa wa dahaha Ia~unu'l-dibdc wwa 4522, etc.: of a beard 3622 (umun-): x r ~ i ( ? )
fayrihi 'the c u l o ~ ~ofr the brocade faded and Tef. u n - (of plants, etc.), 'to sprout, come up'
disappeared' Kaj. 1175 (oga:r, ogma:k (sic)): 337: F a g xv ff. iin- (-di, etc.) iki knt ol- 'to
KB yUzl k ~ z od g~d ~'his face turned red, and become twice the size' Vel. 120 (quotn.); iin-
then pale' 3845; (the sky, like a devil's face) rriyidalt 'to grow, increase' Sun. 86v. 26
k a r a r d l o g u p 'faded and turned black' 5029; (quotns.): X w a r . xrv u n - (of plants, etc.) 'to
X w a r . s ~ og- v 'to turn pale' Qr~th117 (sic; sprout, come up' Quth 123 (a-), 203 (un-):
but the word sccms actually to be 2 og- (on-)): Kom. xrv 'to come out of, proceed from
K o m . xlv 'to faclc, wilt' og- C C G ; Gr. (something Abl.)' a n - C C G ; Gr. 183 (phr.):
S 2 09- See on-. Xlp. xlv o n - (with front vowels) ntrtica 'to
grow' fd. 23: ( O s m . ~ V I I I(after Gag. iin-) the
V U iin- 'to rise', while still maintaininp con- Rirmi Turks say 09- Son. 86v. 26 (no douht
tnct with thc point of departure, e.p. (of a misunderntandinp of 2 09- (on-), the word is
plant) 'to sprout', (of a man) 'to stand up', as otherwise unknown in Osm.)).
opposed to 1 a g - 'to ascend, climb', from one
point to another. There is great inconsistency. ug- 'to dig a hole in (sonicthing Ace.); to
about the vowel, the form is o n - in Kom. and hollow (it) out'; cf. 2 US-; differs from 1 a t - ,
NC Klr., Kzx., but a n - in NE Tuv. R I 1820, 1 i:r- in that the latter imply passage through
Pal. 432. SE Tijrki Shano 28; BS 797; Jarring an object, while Bg- implies only partial
327, and S C Uzb. as well as T T L'ZZZ, so penetration. Survives only(?) in NC Klr.
iin- is pmb. the original pronunciation; see iigii-: I<zx. iigg-. X a k . XI 01 y12a:q ugdi:
1 o x - . Tiirkii vrrr ff. yag o t u n d i 'the fresh naqaha'l-xagab 'he hollowed out the piece of
grass spranp up' I r k B 53; a.o. 60 (bediz); wood (etc.)'; also used when one digs a hole
xanlrk sUsl: avka: iinmi:$ 'the Xnn's army for the foundation of a wall (etc.) (ids naqoha
set out for a hunt' 63; a.0. 49 (1 1mga:)-in usso'l-ha';!) Kaj. I 174 (iige:r, ii9me:k):
the followinp passages yun- seems to be a Sec. K o m . xiv 'to dig, excavate' ug- C C G ; Gr.:
f. of u n - ; (if onc takes a white stone and) KIP. XIV ug- (with -0-) carcroafa hi'l-naqr 'to
klz~:lsl:& s u v yilnser 'a reddish water (i.e. hollow out, excavate' Id. 25.
tint) rises in it' Toyok 16 ( E T Y 1158); a.o.
do. 22; Man. M IZI 22, 1 2 (ii) (ezuk): UyB. Dis. ANA
vrrr ff. Man.-A M I 7, 2-3 (@a$): Man. k ~ s ~ ana:
g 'mother'. Like ata:, q.v., first appears in
o r u n t a k t l a r barqaiintiler 'those who were in Uy&.,where it is still rare and 1 6:g, q.v., still
confined spaces all rose up' T T ZIZ 103-4; common. C.i.a.m.l.g., except NE where it
evtin b a r k t l n iintiler 'they left their homes' has been partially displaced by Mong. ecelice;
do. f38: Chr. neqiikln U r ~ g l ~ m t lunn u p sometimes subjected to unusual deformations,
b a r d ~ l a re r s e r 'however they went when e.g. a n n e , to make it a term of more intimate
they rose and left.Jerusalem' U I 6, 5 : Bud. affection. See Doerfn I 1 567. UyR. VIII ff.
Sanskrit abhramrrkta 'released from the clouds' Man. a n a s t n [gap] oglanl severce 'as chil-
(moon) bu:lr:ttln Unmig T T VZII B.14; dren love their mother [and father?]' T T III
medhyojalajafam 'bow in unclean water' 98-9 (babas~ni s restored in the gap, but this
 170 DIS.
is quite a modern tvi~rd and can hardly be N C lczx., ant1 in a wide range OF fornis in SM'
right): Bud. Sanskrit inatrgn!rG 'the company xx Anat. Sill) 90, roo, l o r , 104, 532, 534, 537,
of mothers' a n n l a r k u v r a g l U I1 54, I (i); 791, 7 9 3 'l'hc Kzx. phr. a n a m t n a suggests 1
6z elgin a n a s r n bliirmig 'who had killed his a connection with 01 and v. C. A TG, para. 190 I
mother with his own hands' U I11 53, g (ii); adopts this s~~ggcstion, but the nhlique stem
(no 0.0. noted): Civ. a n a t e g l r i 'the mother's of 01 is consistently a n - (with some traces of
share' U . 9 . jg, 26; bgey a n a m l z 'our step- ~ n - )in IJyg. Cf. onu:. UyB. V I I I ff. Bud. !
-mothers USp. 7X,8 (Arat's corrected text): xrv R a t n a r n g r ntltg aqarr o n n nrntl bu e r i l r
Chin.-(1r.f. D$t. 'mothrr' a n a Ligeti 130; 'now this is the teacher nanird Ratnaragr'
'mother-in-la\\ k a & n a n a R I 226: X a k . X I Srrr,. 573, 2 0 - 1 ; n r a h m a t l n t t elignlg
ann: 01-ionm 'mother' Koy. I 93; (in the [ k f i r i i n ~ l t i k i ]o n a l r a k t l n kiiziinii t u r u r
I'reface) 'the Turks call 'mother' a n a : and 'Icing Ilrahniadattas' tate chariot(?) is just
they (the (non-Turkish) inhabitants of Khotan appearing in the distance' Ci 11 22, 5-6; m e n 1

and Gnncak) call her Ilnnn: I 32, 29; and 1 2 o n a b a s a y i t d i m ' I ha\^ certainly gone
om.: KB a t n s l n a n n s l n 37; 8.o.o.: xrrr(?) ;rstray' Srr7,. 615, 14-15; otin :rt thr h r ~ i n n i r i ~
:If. n t a h i r atla b i r '\vith the sanie father of a Innp scntrnce 7'1' I' 2.4, 80; (for the
and mother' 291; Tef.ana 'mother 5 1 : X I V second mc:lnlng see onakaya).
hluh. 01-trtntti a n a : illrl. 49, 3 ; Rif. 143; a.o.0.:
X w a r . ~ I I I ( ?n)n a 'mother' 02. 8 : xlv ditto 1) o:nu: pec. to Xak.(?); apparently the Arc.
Qrrfh 8 ; Nnhr. 4, 14: K o m . xrv ditto C C I , of 01 used as a sort of Excl., hut irregular since
C C G ; Gr.: KIP. xrrr ol-irninr ana: Hoir. 31, the oblique stcni of 01 in Xak. is an-. I'ossihly
19: X I V ditto fd. 23 ('with back vowels'); Rltl. a later form of ona: q.v. Xnk. xr one says I
9 , 2: xv ditto Kav. 44, 17; T~rlr.f b . I I. o:nu: meaning ddkn 'that' and mu:nu: mean-
inp hii& 'this'fi'l-ii6ra ila''1-'nyn inino'l-o'ydn
ini: 'younjicr brother'. C.i.a.p.a.l., but in SW 'to distinguish one thing from another' Kaj.
Osm. largely dicplaced hv such phr. as k t i ~ i i k 111 238: KB o n u and m u n u occur scveral
k a r d e ~Cf. Bqi:. See Ilo~rJmI1 674. T i i r k t i times as rhymes at the end of consecutive
virr i n i m and inisi: arc common in I and JI; hcn~istichshut add little o r nothing t o the
a collective Plur. in -gii:n occurs three times; meaning; a y u r e m d i oglu111 b a r t r m e n
in I S r the spelling is clrarly inygiirinr, in II m u n u s a g a k a l d l o r n u m b a r 1 n c g o n u 'he
N I the stonc seems to be damaged beyond said "now, my son, I am going away (from
repair at this point, and Radloff's 'retouched' here); niy position and all my goods remain
sclureze simply reproduces the word fr. I S I ; (there) for you" ' I I G I ;s b z i n k e s t i O g d i i l m i ~
in I N I r the third letter is not clear in either a y d ~m u r l u b u yagllg b o l u r b e g t a p u g q i
Russian squeeze or Finnish photogmph, but o n u 'C)gdiilmi$ finished his speech and said
it is clearly not y and could well be i ; the -y- (this) "the (relations between the) b g and the
in I S 1 can, therefore, he taken as one of scrvant arc like this" (there)' 4155.
sevrr;~lninson'r errors and the word rcad every-
\\here. as n ~ i c h t he e ~ n c c t e d . ini:eii:nirn 651: 'other than (sonicthinji Ahl.), differetit';
'tny younger hrothers': vrir ff. an. inill Pqili when douhlcd, 6gi: agi:, rncans 'various,
'younger and rldcr brothers' Chtrns. I 31: diffcrcnt kinds of'; Knf. quotrs an alternative
Yen. i n i m e q i m Mol. 28, 4: a.o.o.: Uyg. rx form 69111, no douht Seco~idary,which appears
i n i m Srrci 6 : vlrr 8. Bud. i n i s i I1 I1 26, 15; in sonic mcdicval texts, and was the origin of
1'1' 28, 7; a.o.o.: Civ. ini is common in USp.: ogin/bgiin, q . x Survives, with minor phonetic
srv Chin.-Uyt. Dict. 'younger brother' i n i variations in most modern Ianji~lnpe groups,
Ligrti 157; R I 1444: 0. K l r . rx ff. i n i m not SW, in SE, S C meaning 'variegated,
e q i m Mal. 18, 2 ; a.o.0.: Xak. xr ini: al- parti-colourect', perhaps owing to a supposed
-asii'l-odor fi'l-sinn 'a younger hrother' Kaf. connection with 2 00. Cf. a d l n , a g r u k ,
I 93: KB Qqi y5 i n i 3784: F a g . xv ff. i n i iizge:. T i i r k i i V I I I ff. (how shall 1 get on)
kiiciik knrrncfaf VeI. 80 (quotns.); i n i bira'dar-i i d i ~ i m t e :a y a k i m t a : 691: 'without my cup
k~ifnkSun. r18r. f z (quotn.): X w a r . xlrr(?) and howl?' J A B 42: Man. (if ure have said)
a g a l n r l inileri elder ( h l n n ~ . I.-w.) and k e n t u o z u u m i i z n i (sic) kilnte a y d a bgi b i z
younger brothers' 0g. 331 : SIV i n i Qrrtb 59 ' w e ourselves are indepcnclent(?) of the sun
('yc~r~ng'(?)is suggested as translation, but and n ~ o o n ' Chrtns. 26-7; a n t l n ii0i bol&ty
'younerr brother' would suit the text): K o m . 'it will be different from that' T T I1 6, 25:
XIV 'grandson' (sic) in1 C C I ; Gr.:, KIP. XIV U y g . V I I I ff. Man. biligsiz [biligtln] Bgi
inirn nl-knbir yrrxcifiblt'l-sqtir an elder iidilrtuguz 'you separated (mortals) frnrn
addresses a y o u n p r (thus)' fii. 24: O s m . xv ignorance' T T I I I ~ I - 2 :6gi 6 g i k u t w a x g i g -
i n i in one text T T S I1 542. l e r n i g 'of various good spirits (Hend.)' do.
170: Chr. a n d l n 6gi yolqa 'hy a different
VU ona: an Adv., pec. to Uy& and discussed road' U I 9, 14: Bud. Sanskrit nnyntrci 6131
at l e n ~ t hin T T V , p. 32, note B 80. I t seems T T V I I I A.30; viprn#amita 'separated, parted'
f o mean both ( I ) 'precisely, exactly' and (2) 091 b a : r ~ r l a : r e:rdl do. C.r r ; 6gi Bgl 'var~ous,
(very) soon'. It seems to he the origin of a different' do. A.2, G.14, 11.8 ( 6 ~ 6age); Suv.
niodern word a n a (with other forms ene, 598, I etc.; b u r x a n d i n ogi 'other than the
a n a v ) used as an Excl. meaning 'here, here Buddha' U I I 32,65; m u n t a d a a d i n t a k i 601
you are', and an Adv. meaniny!'merely, simply' a$ iq$U y o k 'there is no other (Hend.) food
which occurs in some NE and NW languages, and drink but this' Sriv. 610, 16-17; 0.0. PP
 &ION. A N C
me at peace and safe from all grasping (evil and the like; S E Turki oggeq; N C K I ~ .
spirits)' U I1 64, 8-9; 0.0. of 6nq e s e n Tij. oggiiq, Kzx. iigeg; S C IJzh. "Ingaq. In SW
19a. 3 etc. ; (at times even of sliaht illness and the word used is rigilk which is noted from
discomfort) n e t e g 6nq m u e r k i 'how do you xrv onwards 7'TS I 745; 11 638; I V 519
supprlse that he can he at peace?' Hii~n-fs. (transcrihcd iiyiik) in plir. ktzrl 6gUk. Uyg.
1828-9; (to all men) enq tinq (mis-spelt fiint) V I I I ff. (in a list of diseases translated fr. a
b b r u r m e n ' I give pcace and rest' USp. 100. Chinese text) 6giiq a g r 1 2 IfilR 'a disease
4-5: Cir. kryn enq b o l u r 'the pain dies (Hend.) of the larynx' (Chinrsc .YPIIIrorc (Giles
down' TT 11 ' 1 22, 15; n.o.o.; dnqoccurs in T T 12,981 4,007). U 11 69. 4 ( i ) .
I 132, 212, 2 2 2 : X I V Chin.-Ujd. L)ict. t'ni
p'irrf 'creat peace' (Giler 10.573 9,310) enq 11 anqa: I<qilntivc form o f 01: properly 'as
e s e n R I 745: Xak. X I Q:nq 01-mrcrma'innu'l- much as that', hut normally in the rarly period
-sZkin 'at rcst, tranquil'; hence one says hardly more than 'thus'. 'I'herc is also, in
k l i ~ i i l 6:nqmli 'is your mind at rest?'; the early perir~d,a Sec. f. hcpir~ningwith I - of
6:nq k e n d a village hclonping to the people this and rlthrr cognate ~vords(anqlp, agaru:,
of al-hIuqanna', God curse him, now ruined etc.). 'l'h~s I S usually transcrihcd Inqe, a
Knf. 111437; erdl:g m u n d a : enq (sic) a m u l spell in^ which does occur in 7'7' VIII, hut as
'you mere at rest and tranquil (sdlim sdhin) there is also a spcllinf Inca in those tcxts, and
here' I 74, 18; KB a j u n 6 n g k e t e g d i 'the as the word survives in this form in NF: Tuv.,
world attained peace' 103; 0.n. 965, 1044, it is likely that the original form was lnqa: and
1772, etc.: XIII(?)At. tilekge t i r l l 6nq 'live at that Inqe is merely one of several examples of
peace as you wish' 415 ; Tcf. 6nq seems rather the tendency of I - to move into a front position
to mean 'comfortable material circumstances' (cf. i:q, 1 tl:g, etc.). S.i.a.n~.l.g.a a n q a and
77: xlv Muh.(?)a[-m~rsfarilz'at peace, tranquil' the like. As lnqii: always means 'thud, some
Qnq (?, unvocalized) Rif. 154 (only) (also editors of early texts have tended to 'correct'
falsely con\.erted into a verb isfnrdhn knqdi: words meaning 'thus' to i n ~ ceven when
do. 103): X w a r . xrv Qnq 'at rcst' Qrrfb 59: anqa: is clcarly written. See Doerfer I1 560.
K o m . x ~ v'at peace' enq CCG; Gr. 88 T u r k i i ~ I I Ianqa: 'thus' is comrnon in I and
(quotn.): O s m . xlv e n c (rhyming with genc) II and occurs in] T 2, 6, 8, l o (ii:gleg-), etc.;
In one text TT S I1 382. 0rtci1r 8, 1 1 ; 1.v. zo, 23; it is pe~icrallyused
near the end of a sentence or para. to sum-
VU onq Hap. Iep. but cf. onqsuz, q.v. This marize briefly what has gone hefore or, less
word ha3 been read u n q and taken to be a often, what follo\vs, e.g. nnl: kBriip anqa:
Der. N. in -F fr. *un- Rcfl. f. of u:-; indeed bllig 'when you see it (the memorial tablet)
in K R Arat consistcntlv transcribed o n - as know thus' (i.e. what has heen said in the pre- ,
u n - and took it to he such a mord, but it is ceding sentences) I S 13: ~ I I ff. I the concluding
unlikely that an Intmns. verb like u:- would sentence of each para. in I r h B begins anqa:
have a Refl. f. (though such cases admittedly bl1i:g (or bl1i:gler) 'know thus' (i.e. as follows,
d o occur), and it seems more reasonable to the omen is good or bad); a q a : t8rnI:g 'this
take this ivord as a Dev. N. in -q fr. on- mean- is what he said' Toyoh III zr. 4 and r I ; v 2
ing 'a promising' (course of action) or the like. ( E T Y I1 179): Man. neqe yiigiiriir e r t i
T i i r k u ~ I I 01
I yolln yor1:sar o n q t e d i m 'I a n q a k u s a r y a r s l y o r e r t i 'the more he ran
said "if one went by that route, it is a promis- the more he vomited (I-Iend.)' M I 7, 12-13;
ing (course of action)" ' T 24 (or, if unq, 'it is xnqa (sic) s n k l n t ~'thus he thought' (i.e. as
possible'). follnws) do. 5 , I : Uyg. v111ff. Man.-A Inca
Dls. A N C k a l t ~'just as' . . . t a k ~y e m e a n q u l a y u k a l t i
'and also just as' . . . lnqa belgiirtti 'thus he
1) a n a q Dim. f. fr. a n a : used affectionately, explained' M I 7, 2-8, 18: Man. l n q a k a l t i
'dear mother' and the like. Survives only(?) rf'ir~d. z z : Chr. (th;n King Herod) inqe t 6 p
in SW Osm. where it has developed various y a r l ~ k a do~l a r k a gave them the following
extended meanings. Uyg. V I I I ff. Bud. a n a - orders' U I 5, 3; a n q a b a r ~ p'as they went
q ~ m - a'my dear mother' U III 9, 2 (ii): Xak. thus', do. 8, 1-11: Bud. Inqa: (sic) t 6 p
XI a n a q 01-gn~jirntrr'llnti tltrd' min rtnfsihd fitno
yar1tka:dr T T V I I I H.I ; inqe: (sic) sa:ksa:r
Rn'nn~ruhatrnrinrr'l-qnr~.rn 'a small girl who has 'if one thinks thus' do. K . 2 ; 0.0. of inqe: do.
such natural intelligence that she seems like the 0 . 1 , 9 ; mqa t b p tbdt is common U I11 7, 6;
mother of the clan'; this mord is addressed U I V 28, 3 and 6 ; PP ponim; i n q a k a l t t
to her affectionately ( ' o h snhili'l-fn'a!h~f) Knf. TT I V 8, gj-anqa y e m e k u t l u g klvllg
1 52: srv 11hh.(?) (arnong ' t e r n s of relation- e r m e z r n i i m e n 'am I not as fortunate
ship') jnbihatrr'l-emm 'like a mother' a:na:5 (Hend. ; as him)' U 1117.6-7; a.0. U I V 28.5 ;
(with cim) Rif. 144 (only). e t d z l e r i g e a n q a m u n q a t u s u l u r 'they get
eniiq Hap, leg., but cf. eniiq1e:-, eniiqlen-. more o r less advantages for their bodies'
X a k . xr eniiq ~afarnfrr'l-'ajm 'a cataract film T T V1 262: Civ. aDa k l t a y s i m ~ k i na n p
on the eye' Kny. 1 5 2 . - m u n q a s o k u p 'put in it a certain atnount of
Chinese srmrk' H Z 148; lnqa sozle$timiz 'we
ogiiq properly 'larynx, wind-pipe', also used have agreed as follows' U S p 108, 5 ; 109, 4:
later for 'oesophagus, gullet' and more X a k . X I avql: neqe: a:l bllse: a d ~ ganqa:
generally 'throat'. Survives in several NE lan- yo:l bi1i:r 'however many tricks the hunter
guages, often much abraded to 6:q, 6% 8s, knows the bear knows as many ways out' KG.
I 63, 13; 332, 12: oza:kl: bilge: anga: connection between these hlong. words and
aymi:g 'the ancient sage said as follows' 1 8 8 , ingii:, which at any rate in the medieval
22; 0.0. 111 133, 8 (b6:l); 233, 16; n.m.e.; period had much the same meaning as English
no occurrence of inga:; K B (of the stars) b i r 'fief', that is 'a piece of land granted by a ruler
anga ... b i r anga . . . b l r anqa 'some . . . on condition of the performance of certain
services', and, by extension, 'the pcrson(sl
some' 129; till$ 6gdiim anga a r a sogdtikiim
'I have praised the tongue to some extent and bound to perform such services'. Whether this
at times ahused it' 184; blr anga 'a certain was the original meaning it is hard to say.
amount, for some period' 234, 9.54: XIII(?) It has been plausibly suggested that this is
At. b i r anga boc,lun 'a certain number of the word which appears in the Stael-Holstein
people' 123; 'l'ef. anga 'so (much)'; b l r ar,;a scroll, a Ichotanese Saka document dated
'a certain number of'; angaka tegi 'unt~l'; A.D. 925, in the forms' 'ijliua and 'injri,meaning
angadrn beril 'for some time past' 53: Gag. apparently 'the chief tribe in a confederation',
xv ff. a n c a (sic) dn qadr 'thapmount, so much that is the ruler's own tribe (see Asia Major,
Son. 51 v. 1 2 (quotn.): Xwar. xlv b l r anqa N.s., vol. I1 (1951). p. 17; vol. IV (1954),
. .
. b l r anga 'a certain amount . . . a certain pp. go ff.). The original meaning may have
been nearer to 'family or clan property', and
amount' Nnhc. 260, 16: Kom. xlv 'so (mych)'
anga (sometimes followed by neqe); now in particular 'a chief's own property'. See
forthwith' (sic) b l r anga CCI, CCG; Gr. Doerfer I 1 670. Uyg. vrlr ff. Civ. (two land-
37 (quotns.): KIP. xlv (under degme) b l r owners too old to work say) u r l u k i n ~ i i l e r d i n
anca: means 'some' (ba'd); b i r means 'one' ingii borlukka edlegiiqi b i r erkliig ki$i
(wahid) and a n c a 'like it' (mt!luhu) and the b6rsiin 'let them give a responsible person
two combined ba'd Id. 49: O s m . x ~ ff. v anca from the family properties(?) to the family
'so much', occasionally onca, and b i r anca (?) vineyard to cultivate it' U S p 21, 3-4; in
c.i.a.p. T T S 1 2 5 ; I1 33; I11 20; IV 22. USp. 2 2 (mid-x~v) ingu b a g g ~'a worker
in the family(?) vineyards' occurs 10 times;
D a g p N.Ag. fr. 4 a g (3 eg) 'hunter'. Rare in incii k ~ l l l u bile inqil borlukgl kezikte
Uyg., but clearly so spelt. A 1.-w. in Mong. as b a r g a b a r s u n 'in accordance with the custom
agci (Kow. 18, also agtici; Naltod 4). It is not of the family estates(?) let all the vineyard
clear whether the same word in some NB workers on the family estates(?) go in turn'
languages and NC I<tr., Kzx. is a survival or do. 25, 5-7: Gag. xv ff. inqii 'a vassal ( p p u
a reborrowing fr. Mong. Uyg. V I I I ff. Bud. adnmz) who goes voluntarily to a beg, enten his
keyikqi agql t u z a k g ~boltumuz e r s e r 'if service and works for him' Vel. 82 (quotn.);
we have been hunters of stags and wild game incu (spelt) ((I) 'pearl'); (2) mamllik 'servant.
o r trapped' U I1 8 4 , ~ - l o ; TT ZV 8, 56-7. slave'; (3) am/& wa raqbdt-i xdsra-i diwzni
'private lands and slaves belonging to the
?F anqu: n.o.a.b., but cf. anqula:-; used government' p. 117v. 15: Xwar. xrrr ingi
only in the Hend. o g d i r anqu which seems to 'inheritance' Ali 47: Klp. xv in a Golden
mean 'gift' or 'reward'. I n U 112 92, in a note Horde letter dated A.D. 1428 (they went off)
on 32, 16 it is suggested that it is the Chinese Bz 6llerin a l a 'retaining (only) their own
phr. an chrc 'to live in peace' (Giles 44 2,527); realms', with Bllerin glossed inqii 'fiefs'
the semantic connection is not convincing, but A. N. Kurat, Allin Ordu, Ktnm ye Tiirkistan
the word is prob. a Chinese I.-w. Uyg. vrrr ff. Hanlarrna ail Yarltkve Bitikler, Istanbul, 1940,
Bud. a l l yarllkazun tegri baxgl nomlamlg p. 9,l. I I : O s m . xv ingiileri ya'ni asirleri
n o m ertininig 8 g d i r l n anqusln 'may the v e kullarl 'their vassals, that is prisoners
sacred preacher deign to receive a reward (or and slaves' T T S I1 541.
gift in return ?) for the precious doctrine which
he has preached' U I11 32, 14-16; (go and kill S 2 inqii See yinqii:
the six-tusked elephant; if you do this) saga C ? a n q ~ p l m q ~prob.
p a crasis of anqa erip.
u l u g torliig o g d i r anqu b a r 'there are Occurs always in isolation at the beginning of a
various great rewards (or gifts?) for you' do. sentence, normally meaning 'this being so', or
56, 8-10. 'so much for that', less often almost 'on the
S tnga:/lnqe: See anga:. other hand, hut' or used without any parti-
cular content to mark the beginning of a new
1 ingii: n.0.a.b.; poorly attested in the early para. N.0.a.b. T u r k i i V I I I ff. IrkB. Postsctipt
period, the only occurrences being in Uyg. (alku:): Man. (you will make me a Mani-
Civ. documents of which one certainly, and chaean) mcrp 'on the other hand' (my mind is
the other two probably, date from the Mong. not yet stable) TT I1 8, 40; ( I have been a
period. There is, however, no good reason for great enemy and sinned against him) inqlp
supposing that this is a 1.-w. The only early 'but' (I will submit(?) to God and the doc-
(xrr~) Mong. word of comparable form is trine) M 111 13, 7 (iv); a.0. do. M 111 21, T (i)
ince 'a maid-servant given to a bride at her (a&:): Uyg. V I I I (after describing the events
marriage' (Hoenisch 83, there connected with of one year) anglp b a r s ytlka: 'So much for
Chinese ying, snme meaning (Giles 13.343)) that, now in the Leopard Year' Su. E 7; anglp
which is no douht the original form of inci 01 y11kliziin 'So much for that, in the autumn of
'dowry' (Kow. 280, Haltod 62). This latter is that ear' do. 8; 0.0. do. W I , 4: VIII ff. Man.-A
a Mong. I.-w. in various NE languages and angulayu kalti . . . Ingip 'just as . . . so also'
NC Klr., Kxx. There is no real semantic M I 16, I 3-1 5 : C l ~ r .(Herod gave his orden
to the Magi) inqlp 'that being so' (they set out) sacred king and the IIearers discussed these
U 1 6 , 4 ; (the flame shot up) lnqtp 'that being questions for two days and nights, on the
so' (the hlagi did obeisance) do. 8, 14: Bud. third day) b i r koziioe tegi tegrlken inqek
Inqap is common in T T VZIZ, and is the stan- katlglantt 'the devout struggled on in this
dard translation of Sanskrit tu 'but' and hi a way to the very last(?)' (thereafter the sacred
of vague meaning emphasizing the king's mind weakencd a little) T I ' I1 6, 29.
previous word; as these are enclitics anqtp 1
exceptionally occurs othenvise than as the first D Pnqgii A.N. fr. enq; 'peace, trnnquillity'.
word of the sentence; (if one wishes to be Survives in some N E languages as engill
cured of a disease) i n q ~ p'then' (one must enqiglenqigii R I 746. U y g vllr ff. Civ.
bum incense) T T VIZ 40, 19; Inqip merely Pnqglig m e g i g bultuknlaz 'no pence and
starts a new para. PP 15, I ; 24, 4: Civ. Inqlp joy are found for you' T T 1 20.
'but'(?) T T 1 79. S inqge: See yinqge:.
C anqak almost certainly a crasis of anqa: ok, D Pnclik A.N. fr. Pnq; 'tranquillity, security'.
practically synonymous with anqa: ; the paral-
N.0.a.h. Xak. XI KB (if he has a sword and a
lel form inqak occurs only(?) once, and there bodyguard) beg Bnqllk b u l u r 'a beg obtains
is a suspect form a n r a g , see below. See also
security' . . . (if the sword is sheathed) beg
inqek. Survives in NE Khak. anqox 'just that C n q ~ ky. e m e z 'a beg does not enjoy security'
amount' Bar. 27; NW Kar. K, L anqaxl 2143, 2144; a.0. 5734 (Cminlik): x~rr(?)Tef;
anqex 'only, but' R I 242; Kow. 156; S W CnqHk 'comfortable material circumstances
Az. ancag, Osm. a n c a k 'only, only just, but,
particularly'. See Lloerfer I 1 559. Tiirkti vrrr ( 1) 78. I

judging by the squeeze the correct reading V U F ogjln 'a kind of devil'; sitnost certainly
of 1.r. 17 is [Kiili G]or anqak (not a n t a k ) a Chinese I.-w., possibly representing, as
bi1ge:si: qavuvl: erti: 'Kiili Cor was thus his su~gcstedin 1'7' 111 29, note 91, wang jbn
Counsellor and Army Commander': VIII ff. 'dead man' (Gilts 12,502 5,624). N.o.a.b. Uyg.
Man. (he tore off his clothes and) lnqak (sic) vllr ff. Man. yek o ~ j l n l a 'demons
r and devils'
yiigiirti bard1 'ran off like that' 11d I 7, 17; T T ZII 91 : Bud. T T V I 59 (ybipik): Xak. XI
senig aygag anqak 01 'what you say is like ogu:j~:n (specifically so spclt) a/-&ilu'lla&
this' A f III 23, 6-7 (i): Yen. in a graffito edited yagtdl~r'l-insdn fi'l-~ndfdza 'the dernon who
in Alal. 39, 6 and amended in H. N. Orkun devours men in the desert' KO$.1 145.
Tiirk Dili Btlleten, S. 111, no. 14-15,, p. 53,
.
a n r a g Ptip . . anqag Pt 'so organiz~ng. . . D Cnqsiz Priv. N./A. fr. Pnq. N.0.a.b. Uyg.
ff. Civ. (a man will not be freed) b u
so organize' (these texts are incoherent, and VIII
the transcription and orthography dubious, P n ~ s i z d i n'from this restlessness' T T 1 80;
the only early occurrence of anqag) : (Xak.) ( a reliledy for pains in the back, breat!less-
XIII(?)Tef. (you will see it) anqagtn 'like this' ness) Bnqslz b o l m a k l g a l k u yPl igig rest-
(?); anqak (1) 'if it were not so'(?); (2) 'so lessness and all windy diseases' (see I yB:l)
long as'; (3) 'thus, in order that'; anqok (3) H I 13: Xak. X I K H Cnqsiz in an obviously
only 54: Xwar. XIV anqak 'only, however' erroneous v.1. 1871.
Qutb 8; Kom. XIV (when he had said this VUD onqsuz Iiap. leg.; Priv. N./A. fr. onq
the angcl) anqak koriinmedi 'forthwith dis- q.r.; if this is the right transcription, 'in-
appeared' CCG; Gr.: Kip. XIV a n c a k hasbu curable' is the logical meaning; unqsiz might
(so vocalized) 'equivalent, sufficient'; you say mean 'disabling', hut is improbable. Uyg.
s o n b u d l r a n c a k not translated,? 'the con- vrrl ff. Bud. u!ug torliig onqsuz serlnqslz
clusion is just this' Id. 24; (in a list of pro- e m g e k l e r i g various great incurable and
nouns, adverbs, etc.) bas 'only' a n c a k Bul. 15, intolerable pains' U 11 32, 61.
6: xv ldgayr 'not otherwise' ancak, which also
nicans silrcd 'equally' and rca!rdahtl 'by itself' Dis. V. ANC-
Trih. gob. 2: O s m . XIV to xvlr a n c a k (some-
times ancag) 'thus, so much', and the like in V U ? D Qnqik- IIap. leg.; morphologically
several texts T T S I 26; 11 33 ; 111 20; I V zz; an introns. Den. V. fr. Pnq, possibly in the I
xvrrr nncnk (spelt) in Rrirni, hamin 'exactly sense of hcing at rest becnuse insensible. Xnk.
so' Sari. 51 v. 14 (quotn. Ardtili). XI e r Cnqikti: dahabat Itrissat~c'l-racul min
sabbi'l-md'i'l-bcirid 'alayhi ka'onnnhrr mugmd
anqlk '~roaning'; cf. 1nqlkla:-. A Den. V., run nrta'odn lnnLthu cua tnqallara 'the man lost
tnqkar-, appeared in the medieval period in all feeling through having cold water poured
CaB (as Inqkir-). KIP., and Osm. fr. X I V on- on him, as if he had fainted, quivered and
wards. inqik (rnqlk) 'groaning' survives in shrivelled up' Kaj. I 243 (Pnqike:r, bnqik-
SI.: 'l'urfan dialect K. Menges, Volksk~rnJIiche me:k).
T ~ s t orrs
r Ost-Tiirkistan, SPAW 1933, XXXII,
p. 108. See Doprfer I 1 558. Xak. XI KH y a t u r 13 Pnqlen- Hap. leg. ?; Rcfl. Den. V. fr. Pnq;
inqlkrn 'he lies groaning' 4722, 5963, 6439: cf. Bnqriln-. Xak. xr K B tiimen arztl ni'mat
O s m . slv ~ n q a g(?sic) 'a pitiahle state' T T S yedig Pnqlenip 'you have enjoyed all that you
I35r wanted, l~vingin peace' 5801.
S C ingek tlnp. leg.; apqnrently a Sec. f. of D Pnqriin- pee. to K B ; apparently Refl. i.
anqak (cf. Inqe:). Tiirkti V I I I ff. hlan. (the of *Pnqer-, lntrans. Den. V. fr. Pnq; syn. w. i
 reasons which made him uneasy about his son' 'a chestnut' a n k u t Zirlr. 4h. I I (a very odd
USp. ~ o z b .11-13. translation, some words lnay have fallen out
between the two): Kar. L. pre-xx 'I am acom-
I) C n ~ s i r e t -Caus. f. of e n p i r e : - ; n.0.a.b. panion to owls' (Job 30, 29) d a (lost a n k l t
Uyg. V I I I ff. Bud. (thece many kinds of) balalarlna Zt I 235 ; ICoru. I 56: 0s'". xv ff.
t t n l ~ g l a r a g knqsiretmek t s u y 'sins of a g t t occurs in one X V text, and in ci number of
making people uneasy (or insecure)' IJ 11 87, dicts. transl~tting Ar. nrrlrdnr and I'e. rtrhdm I
56; a.o. do. 78, 38. (unidentitied), strrxdb 'ruddy poose', gozua't
(normally 'hust;rrrl') : I I I ~ giimnn (normally
hIon. A N D 'orvl') 7'7's I 28; 11 37; 111 25; 11' 28.
nndlant (the lirst proh. the uriginal fnrm) 'an V U a ~ u I tlop. leg. Xak. X I a g u t qntn'u'l-$drab
oath'; also used in the phr. a n d I$- 'to swear 'a funnel for wine'; prow. h a r t kiqlk bolsa:
(ht. to drink) an oath'. See Doerfer 11 561. ngut bediik u r i& kdna'l-noy~al so&
S.i.n.rn.l.g. except NE; a n d i$- s.i.rn.nl.1.g. .fa-+'i'l-qnin' knbir 'if the wine measure in
UyQ. vrrr ff. Dud. Kunn 14, 177 (andlk-): small, put in a big funnel' Kai. I 9 3 ( V U b a r t ,
Xak. X I a n d a/-!ralf 'an oath'; hence one says q.v., is ~nis-speltyirrt in the MS.).
a n d l k iltli/ 'swear an oath' Kof. 1 42; a n d
key yeme berii:rler 'and firmly give an 1) antn: L,oc. irf 01 used ns an Adv. normally
oath' 1 459, 6: XIII(?)7bf. a n d &-/ant iq- of place 'there', and in the earlier period, of
51-3: X I V hluh. 01-ynmin rcn'l-!ralf 'sworn time, 'then', in the latter case usually followed
undcrtakin~,oath' a n d Mel. 82, I S ; Rzj. 188; hy a l'ostpusr~. In Runic script also written
a.0. 25, 9 (ic-): Gag. xv ff. a n t (spelt) sawgand with a ligature representing - n t - ; the form in
'oath' Satl. 51 v. 10 (quotn. containing a n t Uyg. is uncertain and prob. not uniform.
iq-): Xwar. xlv a n t , a n t Iq- Qtrtb 8 ; Nahc. S.i.a.m.l.g., except SW where it has recently
265, 2; 333, 15: K o m . XIV 'to swear an oath' been displaced by o r a d a (o a r a d a ) ,in Az.,
a n t iq- CCG; Gr. 38 (quotn.): KIP. X I I I Osm., and phr. like 01 yerde in 'Tkm. Tiirkil
!tolafa a n d i p (sic) Hou. 36, 18: x ~ va n t V I I I anta: 'there' is common; anta: kbsre:
01-ynmin; hence ant19 (sic) 'to drink an oath, 'thereafter'IE 5,39, etc.; ZZEg, etc.; Ix. 19;
that is smear' Id. 24: xv fi'lu'l-qnsum lahu anta: 6trii: 'thcrcupon' T 12, 16: vrrr ff. anta:
'indol~ant'their word for "oath" is a n t ("with 'there' ZrkB 56: Man. a n t a otrii TTZZ 1o,86:
a back ro~vrl")' and the Irnperat. is ant19 Uyg. V I I I anta: 'there' common in $u.; anta:
(other conjupntional forms given) Knv. 43, 14; otrii do. S 5: V I I I ff. Man.-A a n t a btrii
iralnjn a n t bCr- do. 77, 8 : !lalofa a n t ig- Tub. M Z 9, 3: Chr. nnta 'there' U 1 6, 9: Bud.
13h. 10; yntt~inrr'l-half a n t do. 39a 8 ; ynmin. Sanskrit tarn 'there' a:nda:dn: (sic) T T VIZI
a n t do. 89b. I : O s m . xrvff. a n d , a n d iq- A.46; a:nda: do. K. I(?); a n d a (Fanta) 'there'
c.i.a.p. T T S 1 3 0 ; 1142; ZZZ 29; ZC' 26. is common; 'then' 7" V 10, 96; a n t a 6 t d
do. 8, 66, etc.; a n t a kCn do. 8, 81 ; a n t s o k
Dis. AND 'then and there' U IZ 23, 17; n n t a b a s a
'thereafter' do. 19; n n d a m u n d a 'in every
a g ~ 'at rcither large bird predominantly red', direction' S~rv.625, 10-1 I : Civ. a:nda: b a s a
originally 'the ruddy goose (Anas casarca)', T T VIZI L.33-4; a n t a o k T T VII 21, y:
but later used for other large birds. Survives 0. Klr. IX ff. anta: 'there' Maf. 11, 3: Xak.
in NE Khak. n:t 'the black direr (Anas nigra)' xt a n d a : an Adv. (!turf) meaning httndka
and S W Osm. agtt 'ruddy goose' (xx Anat. 'there' Kay. I 125; ditto 1 130; 1 109 I I I ;
a n k ~ t l a n k u t l a n g u r t S D D 104-5) There pz4 (basa:); 5 or 6 0.0.: xrrr(?) At. a n d a
may have been some confusion between this there' 244, 276; Tef. n n d a ' t w , then';
word and hlong. aggir 'black diver', which a n d a kCdfn (sic); a n d a s o g thereafter';
occurs as a I.-~v.in NE Alt. a g a r R 1184, Tuv. a n d a Bgdin 'before that' 51: xrv Muh.
a g g ~ rand NC Krr a g t r (Atras tadorna). lamma 'there' anda: Mel. 5, 7 ; 15, 4; Rif. 75,
Ankud in Son. 51 v. 29 was misread as ankur y r : Kom. xrv 'there, then' a n d a ; 'then'
and appears as an alternative to a n k u t in this a n d a o x C C I , CCG; Gr. 176: KIP. xrrr
fonn in later authorities, e.g. R 1 186. See htindlikn 'there' anda: Hou. 57, 4: ~ I Vditto
n o ~ r f e rI 1 5 6 3 U y g V I I I ff. Bud. (if they are fd. 24; htrncikn nnda: Btrl. 14, 13: xv ditto
reborn RS animals, they become) a g l t kogilrq- Kav. 35, 18; lirh. 4zb. 2 etc.: O s m . xtv ff.
g e n k i r p i 'ruddy geese, pigeons, or hedge- a n d a 'there', less often 'thither' and 'then',
hogs' Sltv. 299, 6: Xak. X I aglt al-nu!tdm 'the common to xvr, sporadic later T T S 1 2 6 ; 11
ruddy goose', it is a red bird like a goose 34; zzz 21; ZV 23.
(al-iruazz) Kay. I 9 3 :Gag. s v ff. a n k u d l a n k u t
'n kind of bird (ntrrg) smaller than a goose VU?D ogdi: pec. to KB, where it is common;
(ddz) and larger than a duck (rrrdak), variegated it nearl3- always occurs in assocn. w. t6r6: and
in colour (nblnq) with black, white and red the contexts suggest that it means 'the tradi-
tendinp towards yellow, with warm, molst tional customs (of a people)', that is something
flesh'; nlso called 'ankut, in Ar. nu!rdm Sun. fairly authoritative, but not as binding as
51 v. 29; 'ankut 'the well-known bird smaller tbrti: 'traditional, customary law'. Xak. XI
ihan a p o s e and larger than a duck, also called K B isiz o ~ d ui r m a tbrii edgii u r 'do not
nnkutpankud' do. 261 1,. 17: KIP. xrv aglt imposc evil custonls, impose good traditional
(with -g-) a bird called 01-lmnysa (so vocalized, laws' 1456: neteg t u t s a begler k 6 r 6gdi
hut ?a/-arrisn 'magpie') fd. z j : s v ohti farto tcirii bodun bo1d1 a n d a g 01 6gdi kbrii
 DIS. A N D
a n d a n 'thence, thereafter', etc., by itself and 5-10; Bgdiin kCdln s a t t g k a yulukka b a r s a r
with Postposns., is common until xvr and 'if one goes east and west trading' PP 13, 7;
sporadic thereafter 7'7's 1 27; 11 35-6; 111 m u n t u d a (sic?) l n a r u ogdiin y ~ ~ 'beyond
a k
22-3 ; 11' 24-5. here to the east' do. 37, 4-5-0l)diin kapag
'the front pate' is mentioned between the city
S ~ n d i t l / ~ n t toccurs
n several times in Uyg. ~ s t e(?, in gap) and the o r d u k a p a g 'palace
Bud., and has hitherto been transcribed intin, gate' do. 41, 1-42, 7-Sanskrit prcig 'first of
hut the quotn. fr. Strv. below shows that it all' (Adv.) i j ~ t b n 7'T VIII E.41 ; 6gtiin
had back vorvels, and there is no reasonable savltg tlrzun yurnqak kijgrillug 'honest(?)
doubt that it is a Sec. f. of andrn, which has in their speech and good and geritle in their
not been noted in UyR. Bud., cf. an$a/m$a, thoughts' U 111 73, 15-16; Civ. ogdUn
etc. It seenis probable that it survives in .
khdln . . kuntiin taktin 1.1' 1 6 ; ogdtin
indln 'the day after to-morrow' SE Tar. R I .
kiintiin . . kedln tagdtn do. 142-3; taq
klipriigniig Bgdiin s ~ g a r k t'situnted to the
1450, l'iirki B S 530; S C Uzb. and perhaps
SW ss Xnat, indi giin sanie meaning SDL) east of the stone bridge' USp. 15, 2; Bodln
791. Uyg. V I I I If.IZud. Sanskrit pciragd 'having
pone to the far shore' 1:ndtn k1dtgtl)a:
ytgak . .. ...
(gap) khdln y ~ g a k. . . UstUn
ylgak do. 30, 9-10; bgdiin yigak .. . kiin-
ba:rm~$la:r T T VIII r't.6; other examples .. .
d u n y r ~ a k . tagdin y i ~ a k .. khdin y l ~ a k
of ~ n d kldrg
~ n translating Chinese pi an 'that do. log, 8-10; ijgdiin Gerigdin 'from the
shore' (Giles 8,966 63) do. A.48 and various advanced troops' do. 53 (I) 2; a.o.0.; Q d U n
quotns. in Hiien-ts., p. 23, note 1810; l a tignlg Ikin 'with two of the front teeth' H I
brntayir r n d ~ n r n d a ka~y t e g r i g koriirqe 'as 162: X I V Chin.-Uyg. Uict. tttng 'east' (Gil~s
one sees the moon beyond the (unidentified 12,248) 6gdtin R I 1208; Ligeti 189: Xak. X I
Sanskrit(?) word)' Srtv. 44, 8-9; (thus, too, ii~diin an Adv. (harf) meaning al-quddiim '(in)
the Arhant Upasena) s a n s a r d r n lntrn yogu$ front'; the Oijue omit the - d u n and say 80; one
ertyiik e r d i 'had passed the far shore beyond says 6l)diin yorrt 'ride in front' (qtrddiim) Kay.
samsara' U 11188, 2-3 (the only(?) occurrence I I 15: KB k a m u g agnuda s e n s e n 6l)diin
in Uyjj. of yoguq, the normal Turkish word kCdin 'Thou art before all, l'hou art in front
for 'the far shore'); z n t ~ n ~ n d l n b eadg r r and behind' 8; bag1 e r d i ogdun k a m u g
ulug a y a m a k kiigiil iize 'with feelings b a g ~ r k a'his head was in front of all leaders'
of long-standing(?), deep, and great respect' 45; t u g a r d i n ese keldi Sgdiin ydli 'an east
Iliien-1s. 181~-12. wind came blowing from the sunrise (quarter)'
93; a.o. 2370 (okqt:), 5675: X I I I ( ?8gdl'n ~
D ogdun Den. Adj./Adv. fr. 1 00; '(situated) previously'; m u n d a B ~ d i n 'before this',
on the right'. N.0.a.b. Uya. VIII ff. Bud. etc. Tef. 247: O s m . xrv ff. Bgdin (commoner)/
soltun .. .
. ogdun . . kiintiin . kddin .. Bgdiin 'before' (of time), often as Postposn.
'on the left (east) . . . on the right (west) . . . after Abl., common until svr, sporadic later;
south . . . behind (north)' T T VI 94-5: Civ. fr. about sv111(payment) 'in advance' 1'T S I
ogdun ba$t 'the right side of the head' . . . 564; 11 750; 111 560; IV 625.
ogdun kulgnk 'the right ear' . . . ogdin (sic
in error) kag 'the right eyebrorv' T T V I I 34, a g d u z a medicinnl shrub, 'elecampane (Inula
4-11. helenium)'. Survives in NW Nog.; SW Osni.,
Tkm., and possibly elsewhere. Xak. XI agduz
D Ggdun Den. Adj./Adv. fr. 1 ol); '(situated) al-rcisan 'elecampane', the root of a plant which
in front'; when used of the cardinal points is dug u p (y~nbaj)and used to treat stomach-
'east(mards)'. Survives only(?) in StV XY Anat. ache in horses' Kog I 11s (prov, 'if there is
iindin/ondun 'before, already; (payment) elecampane, a horse does not die'; similar
in advance' SDD 1110. Tiirkii vlrr (you prov. in Baskakov, Nugaisko-russkiir lovar','p.
Chinese) berdin yan(?) t e g (you K~tafi) 42): Gag. xv ff. a n a u z (spelt) the plant pil-
Bgdun yan(?) teg, ben ytrdinta: yan (tic) %ti$ (Red., Iris #ormtina) in medical language
tegeyi:n 'attack from the south side . . .,
rzsan, qrrst-i panli ('Syrian cortus') and =an-
attack from the east side, I \\.ill attack from cibil-i pdn~i ('Syrian ginger'), beneficial for
the north side' T r r ; 6gdiin xagangaru: sii treating all kinds of blisters and pains nnd
yort:lln~'let us make an esp6d1tion eastwards rubbing on animal bites Snrr. 51 v. 22: O s m .
against the xa2an' T 29: Keyerde:(?) 6gdiln xlv ff. a n d ~ z l a n d u z'elecampane' in several
yantaq[~:] 'turning east at Keyer' (?place* texts, mainly dicts., of nll periods, also, rather
name) &. AT 6: vrrr ff. Chr. M 111 48, I (v) Inter, a n d u z agagt, with n r d t r a@qt as
(batsrk): I3ud. ogdiin is usually used as a alternative, is used to translate Ar. and F'e.
cardinal point; kiintin s r g a r t e g t l n ylgak words for 'cypress' and 'juniper' 7'1'S 11 36;
... ljgtiin ylgak kedin y q a k 'on the south 111 24; IV 26.
.
and nonh sides . . on the east and west sides'
TT V I 83-5; 0 9 t h kddin (VU) ylrdln inti:z Hop. leg.; this word occurs in a list
bCrdln 'east, west, north, south' do. 291; of semi-precious stones between k o k yiirfi:g
ogdiin y q a k o r u n d a .. . kiindln yigak 'bluey white' and s a r ~ : g'yellow'; it is quite
orunda .. . kedin y ~ g a ko r u n d a ... clear in the facsimile. Tiirkti V I I I ff. int1:z
t ~ g d i nytgak o r u n d a 'in a place to the east yihiig ra:g OrmlZt tljzltkg 01 'a . . white .
. . . in a place to the south . . . in a place to the stone has its origin in (the planet) Jupiter'
west . . . in a place to the north' Sue. 466, Toyok 6-7 ( E T Y 11 58).
 D I S . V,. A N D -
Dls. V. AND- pleased, satisfied' Vel. r 19 (quotns.); unat-
?E anit- Hap. leg.; the Chinese sentence (spelt) rcdi kardan Son. 87v. 5 (quotn.).
translated means 'I wish to limit (i.e. not to
prolong) my life'. In a note (p. 35, note 1373) unit- 'to forget (something or someone
v. G . suggests a connection with Ca& anlk- Acc.)'; s.i.a.m.1.g. usually as unut- but with
I,ut that is an error for tnlk-, q.v., and does some aberrant forms in N E uutu-, u n t u - ,
not mean 'to grow bigger'; the obvious word u m u t - , u m d u - ' R I 1627, 1646, 1794-5;
to use would be uzat- but the two words are Khak. undu-lumdu- ; Tuv. ut- and NC Kzx.
not at all alike in Uyg. script; a n u t - would u m u t - , the forms with - m - possibly in-
not give the right sense Uyg. vrrr ff. Bud. fluenced by Mong. marta-lumarfa- Kow. 41 I ,
kiiseyiirmen kentii 6ziim anatmagall 'I 2001. Tlirkii vrrr ff. bilge: un1:tma:z 'the
do not wish to prolong(?) my life' Hiien-tr. wise man does not forget' Tun. III a.9
1572-3. ( E T Y 11 95); Man. tegrl y6rln unttu ~ t d t
(for idtl) 'he completely forgot his heavenly
1) a n u t - Caus. f. of anu:- (to prepare, make country' Chuas. I 15: Uyg. vrrr ff. Man.-A
ready (something)'. N.0.a.b. Uyg. vrrr ff. e m g e k e m e z l n u n l t a l a m 'let us forget our
Civ. e m l n yijriindekin a n u t 'make ready a sufferings' M I r r , 18-19: Man. k a y u
remedy (IIend.) for it' T I ' I tog: Xak. XI 01 kutluglar o k t s a r l a r buyanlmln (so read)
yagt:ka: t u l u m anuttl: 'he made ready u n l t m a z u n l a r 'may the fortunate people
(a'adda) arms against the enemy'; also used who read (this) not forget my merits' do. 30,
when anything is made ready Kaj. I zrg 7-9; a.0. T T III 124: Bud. Sanskrit nvadhyap-
(anltu:r, anitma:k (sic); prov.); b u e r 01 tibalo 'whose strength is forgetfulness' u m t -
I:.?@ anutga:n 'this man IS always making m a k kiicliig e:riir T T VIII A.12; k i m
preparations (abada(n) yasta'idd) for affairs' I m n l e kiindiiz u n l t m a s a r 'whoever does
156, 13; a.0. I 114, 1 9 ( 1 ogurluk): KB not forget by night o r day' U I 1 14, 2: Xak.
kigilik k l l u r k a ktgilik a n u t 'prepare a xr 01 s6:zin unlttl: 'he forgot (nariya) his
kindly reception for those who practise words (etc.)' Kay. 1 2 1 5 (unttur, unrtma:k);
kindliness' 1690: XI[(?)K B V P razinl a n u t - b u e r 01 s8:z unttga:n 'this man is very for-
mtg 'having prepared his daily food' 3: getful (katiru'l-niryrln) of words' I 156; I 228
xrrr(?) Tef. a n u t - 'to make ready' 53: Xwar. (2 ligkiir-); three 0.0. of umt-, one (1215, to)
xrv ditto Qzrtb 9: Ktp. xrv(?) anlt- 'to prepare of unut-: KB u n l t u r 6zin 'he forgets himself'
to do something', in an abstract sense, marginal 757; 0.0. 5408, etc.: xrr(?) K B V P o l u r d a
note to Id. 23 (V. tzbudak, el-fdrak Hafiyesi, u n l t m a 'when you read (this) do not forget
Istanbul, 1936, p. 5.). (me)' 75: xrr~(?)At. (when you wear brocade)
unztma b6ziig 'do not forget your (humble)
D 6net- Caus. f. of h e : - with the same de- cotton clothing' 354; u n t t m a meni 482; Tef.
velopment of meaning. Survives only in SW u n ~ t - l u n u t - 328: XIV Muh. nasiya u:nut-
Osrn. where it is now syn. w. ene:-. Xak. X I Mel. 31, 13; Rif. I q (unu:t-); al-f&dful 'to
01 ko:yln &nett]:'he ordered the marking (bi- forget' u:nutmak 52, 7 (148 v. osa:fiuk):
-i'lJtn) of his sheep, that is that a piece should Gag. xvff. unut- (spelt) fardm171 kmdon 'to
be cut out of its ear' Kay. I 215 (bnetiir, forget' Son. 87v. 8(quotns.): Xwar. x r r ~unut-
6netme:k): Osrn. xvrrr enet- (spelt) in Ali 26: xrv untt-lunut- Qutb 98; u n u t - MN
Rrimi, gat' kardan dlat-i racriliyaf 'to castrate', 146, etc.: Kom. xrv 'to forget' u n u t - CCI,
in Ar. xafd San. 51 v. 5; &net- (spelt) in Rtimi, C C G ; Gr. 266 (quotns.): KIP. xrrr nariya
'to castrate (a man), to geld (a horse)' do. u n u t - Hou. 35, 8: xrv ditto Id. 24: xv ditto
I r7v. 3. Kav. 61, 17; 76, r ; sahd ('to overlook') ma
nasiya u n u t - Tuh. zoa. 9.
D 1 egit- Hap. leg.; Caus. f. of 1 en-:
cf. egtiir-: Xak. XI bizni: k a m u g egitti:
hayyarand bi-lani'ilzi 'he surprised us all by D aged- Intrans. Den. V.; it is not clear
his skill' Kaf. I1 274, 26; n.m.e. whether the basis is 1 6 9 giving the sense 'to
move forward' or 2 6g in the sense of 'to get
D 2 egit- Caus. f. of 2 eg- (eg-) and syn. w. a better colour'; in any event the meaning is
it; 'to bend(something), tobow (the head, ete.)'. certainly 'to recover one's health'. Pec. to
Pec. to Uyg. Bu!. Uyg. vrrr ff. Bud. Sanskrit Uyg. Cf. o ~ a i -which is practically syn. but
anavanatahrlyo, with unbent bodyMegitme: cannot be connected etymologically, since this
[gap] T T V I I I G 60; e ~ l t eet6zin 'bending word is consistently spelt with front vowelsd
their bodies' (in reqpect) U III 12, 16; 38, 28- Uyg. vrrr ff. Bud. (if a chronic invalid) n e
29; n o m l u g etozlerke y e m e egitip 'bowing yerne e m klllp B ~ e d m e s e r'whatever reme-
also to the dharmakdyas' Suv. 32, 22-3. dies he uses does not recover' Sttv. 478, 17-18;
0.0. T T V I I I A.22 (1 kg); Suv. 598, 17 (E
D unat- (una:t-) Caus. €.'of una:-; 'to make bmlk-); T T VII 40, (59 and) 64: Civ. i g t a p a
(someone Acc.) pleased, satisfied'. S.i.m.m.l.g. k 6 r s e r s e n e t 6gedmeki a l p 'if you consult
Xak. xr m e n una:ma:s e r d i m 01 meni: the omens about an illness, it is difficult for
unattl: 'I was annoyed (&) about this, but the flesh to recover' T T 1 7 7 ; isigke 6gediir
he satisfied me (ardcni) about it' Kay. I 215 'he recovers from the fever' H I 2 a.o.0.;
(una:tur, unatma:k): Qag. xv ff. unat- t e r k 6gediir 'he recovers quickly' H 116, 6
(-kunqa) r g i eyle- 'to make (someone) a.o.0.; 0.0. T T VII 28, 48; 30, r4 (agnghk).
 I 80 D I S . V. A N D -
agd1:- 'to lurk, lie in wait (for someone Acc.). invite, in several trxts 7'7.S 1 7 4 5 ; II 051 ; Ill
Survives in NE Khak.; NC Klr., Kzx; NW 729; IV 803.
Kar. I.. T ; IZaz. N 1195, 239; Korc. 156; there
is a syn., hut unco11nected verb 69- which 1) a n d l k - Intrans. 1)ell. V. fr. nnd ; 'to
first appears in KIP. xlv fd. 25 osm. w e a r an oath'. Survives only(?) in NE 'i'ijliis
s l v ff, TTS 1 5b7, and slln.ires in NC K , ~ , andrk- 'to declare oneself innocent' H 1239.
B ~ i i -rind S\V sx Anat. 6n-/iine-/6nii- SI)D T u r k i i V I I I ff. Man. yerne nece Igideyll
I 12-3 x a k . sI a v p : keyikni: agdl:dl: a n t l k t ~ n u ze r s e r 'rf we nlay .sonlcti~iicshave
illt,j/a*l-g~n;l ljyl.zaby larunso ilashi 1;- sworn falsely' Clrrrar. 100-1: UyR. V I I I ff.
-,~a'rrr<lohrr'the hunter crept stealthily up to Dud. a n d antltkmlgl taluy i)giiztle t e r f ~ r e k
antelope and it intently to catch 01 'the oath which he has s\vorn is deeper than
it'; nrld one says 01 nnr: ag(11:d~:'he crept the ocenr~'Krrort. 177; n.o. r10. 179: Xnk. X I
u p to him to catch himv K ~I ~ 3I , e r a n d l k t ~ 'the
: man swore an oath' (irolafu)
(agdcr, agd1:ma:k); 8.0. III 401, 12: F a g . Kor. 1 2 4 3 (andlka:r, an(ilknla:k); a.0. 1 4 2 ,
xv ff. agdl-(-p)/andr:-(-p) moxfi r ~ ~ ~CJ t - 11
; ~ (and): (XIV Muh. for Imlafa Rif. 108 has
ktl- hamin ediip s& dig/+ l t o make secret antka:-, which may be a reminiscence of this
investigations and eavesdrop on conversations' word, instead of a n d i : ~ -in Me[.).
Vel. 3o(quotns.); agdr- (mis-spelt egdi- ;spelt)
hamin hardan wa n,rrtnrass~djudan lie 1) a n d g a r - Trans. Dell. V. fr. a n d ; pet. to
in wait and sps on s o n . 51r. I 9 K q . where there are three main entries. Xak.
(quotns,): K ~ xlv ~ lurk'
~ andl-
. CCG; G ~ , X I 01 am: angardl: fiallofnltir 'he made him
swear an oath'originally andgardl:, the -d- was
S inde- See unde:-. elided for the sake of euphony (xiflnfo(n)) (an
Ar. parallel is quoted) Kaf. I 226 (andgaru:r,
1) unde:- D ~ V,~ fr. , fin/ii:n cto call', with andgarmn:k sic); m e n ant: a n d g a r d t m
various shades of meaning 'to call out(Intrans., ba'Iaftuhu I j r z (andgarurmen*
of human beings and some animals), to call ma:k); ant: !l~llafr~k~r 111 423
(someone Acc.)', etc. S.i.a.m.1.g. (in SW now (andgarur* andgarma:k).

Cizr~i
~ ~ . i r ' V ~ $ ~; )i a ~ ~ r i ~ U $ h ~ , " $
magrad] ,called out with a loud voice and
D a g d u r - Caus. f. i f ag-, q.v., and like it
not noted before XIII(?).Survives in the same
1119, (i): (he ordered) languages as a9-. (Xak.) xrrr ff. Tef. d a k k m
"0 remind' a g d u r - 55: F a g . xvff. a g d u r -
klm ne,, iindemeser 'that no one should
utter a sound, PP 33, 2; teDrisi iindeyil
Caus. f.; mrrtadakkir kardan ncn fahmcinidan
bdrdi ,his god called a,,d directed 'to remind; to cause to understand' Sun. 5ov.
hirn, do, 60, 6; mdni andegi[ U 11 26, 1 3 : z6: K r ~ . dakkflra a ~ d u r -Ifou. 40, 10:
O s m . xv ff. n g d ~ r (once
- agdur-) 'to remind',
Civ. undedecl ti1 'the vocal tongue' T T I
108: Xak. XI 01 meni: iinde:dl: da'dni zua in several texts T T S 36; 11123; I V 26.
ftddzni 'he called and summoned me' Kaj. I s en&=- seeemder-.
273 (ilnde:r, iinde:me:k); 3.0. 11169, I : KB
u l a r kug linln tiizdi u n d e r 6gin 'the par- D hndiir- CRIIS.f. of en- ; 'to cause (someone
tridge makes a harmonious sound and calls its Arc.) to descend' rvith various shades of mean-
mate' 75 ; elig aydt tinde m a g a klrsiini 'the ing. S.i.a.m.1.g. except SE as endir-ldndirl
king said "call him, let him come in to me" ' indir-. Uyg. VIII ff. Man.-A b u ydrde
579; 0.0. 95, 955, 165j, 5954, 6285 (in some m u g l u g u n dndiirii b a s t n d u r u y o r l y u r
cases the Vienna AIS. has inde-): XIII(?)Tpf. slzler 'you live in this world in distress,
Inde- 'to call, sunilnon' 125; Unde- ditto 339: letting yoursrlves he sent down to it(?) and
xrv Rbg. inde- 'to invite (someone Acc., to a oppressed' M 11130, 3-5 (ii): Bud. (the 500
nwel Dnt.)' R I 1447 (rluotn.): ATrrlt. nddri beggars wept and lamented) kaltl buzagusrn
uncle:- A f p l . 31,9; Rif. 115;a/-nitia'iindemak e n t u r m i ~ingek t e g 'like a cow giving birth
(sic,in error) 37, 3 ; 1 2 3 : Gag. xv ff. unde-(-dl, to its cnlf' PP 77, 3-4 (~nistranslated):Civ.
etc.) kagtr- tee da'wat eyle- 'to shout, to invite' yB1 yeltirip e n t u r d i I t m slndr 'the wind
Ve!. 120 (quotn.); i n d e - ( 4 , etc.) ditto do. blew and knocked down (the house?) and the
79-80 (quotns.); linde- (spelt) $adz zadan ('to roof beam(?) was broken' T T I 225: Xak.
call out') wa da'wat kardan, also spelt inde- XI Kaj. I 224 (rldur-): K B (if the tongue
Sun. 8Sr. 2; inde- (spelt) 'to invite', also 'to cannot speak a word, even if it is up in
invite to one's house' (ba-xdnn !olahidan), also the blue sky) dndriir o z u g 'it depresses the
sprlt unde- do. I 16r. 26 (quotns.): Xwar. spirit' 1003: XIII(?)Tef,6ndur- 'to send down
x111iinde- 'to call' 'Ali 37: xrv ditto Qutb 203; (anzala, a pcrson or rain)' 125: F a g . xv ff.
hrahc. 389, 2: Kom. srv 'to call, to invite' dndur- (-di, etc.) da'oot et-, Itagtr- we bir
unde- CCI, C C G ; Gr. 270 (quotn.): K l p ~ nesneyi yoharrrdan agnffa Pndur- 'to invite, to
X I I I ndd6 nminn'l-rnrrtrddfit fifalab min taqalpd shout, to send something down from above'
l~rtdririhi'to call, in the sense of requesting Vel. 80 (quotn., the tirst two translations
someone's presence' tinde:- (not vocalized) due to a niisreading of fnde- (Unde-)); dndiir-
Horr. 44, 3: s ~ iinde-
v da'd Id. 24: s v iinde- Caus. f., furiid dmardan 'to cause to descend'
n&iZ Knv. 9, 17; da'd mitta'l-da'zcn iinde- Son. I I g r 27 (quotns.): X w a r . X I V dndiir-
Ttrlr. 160. 9 ; tnlahn mitla'l-daln'rcn iinde- do. 'to send down' Qrrtb 59: K o m . X I V 'to send
24% 2: O s m . XIV,xv iinde- 'to call, summon, down, to lowel.' endir-lendiir- CCI, C C G ;
 TRIS.
Cr. 88 (quotns.): Kip. x ~ vCndiir- nnzzola D iigtiir- Iiap. leg.; Caus. f. of ilg-. Xak. X I
'to cause to descend' fd. 22 (under altagu); 01 a g a r y1ga:q iigturdi: a~qabahu'l-xojob'he
xv do!~dara 'to roll (something) along' endlr- ordered him to hollow out the piece of wood'
Tuh. 16a. 3: O s m . xrv indiir- 'to send down Kaj. 1 290 (ilgtiiriir, (i0tiirme:k).
(something Acc., to someone Dot., from some-
where Abl.)' T T S 1385; 'to humiliate (some- D iindeg- Recip. f. of iinde:-; 'to call out to
one)' I V 43 I . one another'. S.i.s.m.1. Xak. X I oi anlg hirle:
iindegdl: tatrnda.va 'the two men called to one
D egtur- Hap. leg.; Caus. f. of 1 eg-; cf. another' Kaj. 1 2 3 1 (iinde9U:r. iindegme:k).
egit-. Xak. X I erni: egtiirti~:hoyyarn'l-rncril
fi amrihi ma adhojahu 'he surprised and he- Tris. AND
wildered the man ahout his business' KO$. I
290 (egttiriir, egttfr1ne:k). I) antaqa Hap. leg.; Equative f. of anta:;
presumably 'more or less there, nearby'.
VUD iintiir- Caus. f. o(iin-; 'to cause Uyg. V I I I ff. Chr. iitru antaya b i t k u d u g
(something Acc.) to rise from', etc. Survives belgiirti 'then a well came into sight nearby'
with the same phonetic changes in the same U 1 8 , 8-9.
languages as iin-. T u r k i i vlrr Bo1yu:ka: t a g D a n t a d a Loc. f. of anta:; apparently used
iintiirii: tegdimiz 'wc reached Bolgu as dawn
only with Postposns. of time, presumably
broke' (lit. 'making the dawn rise') T 35: because anta: had become so stabilized as an
Uyg. vrrr ff. Mam-A M I 13, zo (agtur-): Adv. meaning 'then' that its Loc. character
Man. T T lII 122 (1 a:l): Bud. (he gave them had been forgotten. N.o.a.b. Tiirkii VIII ff.
provisions for their journey and) uzatlp Man. a n t a d a kbsre 'thereafter' Chuos. 172:
iintiirdi 'saw them off and started them a n t a d a t a (-ta at the beginning of a new line,
(on their journey)' PP 28, 5; a.0. do. 31, 2; ?dittography) b e r u 'since that time' do. 1 16-
kiiqin u n t u r g e y biz 'we will muster our 17: Uyg, vrrr ff. Man. a n t a d a k e n 'thereafter'
strength' U I1 25, 13-14; a.o. do. 84, 12
and T T I V 8, 60 (lu:); etoz iize y a r u k M 11 7, 15: Hud. Sanskrit rota 'thereafter'
a:nda:da: 1:na:ru: TT VIII A.46; a n d a d a
iintiirmig kergek 'one must cause light to rise k e n Suzt. 598, 18; a.o.0.
over the body' T T V 6, 29-30; 0.0. do. 6, 35;
lo, 102; 26, 85-8; U III 85, 9 (I a:l): Civ. (the ?Santakl'a See anyakrna:.
physicians must) bilge biliglerin untiirup
inygelep 'muster and refine their skills' H I1 F enetkek 'India, Indian', fr. Sogdian 'yrttkk.
8, 26; (PU) Tugkuka unttirgu bordln 'from N.0.a.h. UyR. V I I ~ff. Bud. enetkek yerige
the wine to be produced at Tu$ku(?)' USp. 'to India' Suv. 3, 16; enetkek tilindin 'from
71, 3 ; 0.0. do. 28, 4 4 (2 u r u g ) ; 115, 18; [gap] the Indian language' do. 343. 5 ; a.0.0.: Civ.
agzlndln ta:gga:ru: iintiirii:r 'he brings up H I1 20, 71 ; 31, 194: xrv Chin.-Uyi. Dict. hsi
(his food)' T T VIII 1.3: Xak. xr tegri: o:t t'im 'India' (Giies 4,031 I 1,208) enetke (sic)
(sic) ti:ndiirdi: 'God made the plants grow' R 1 7 3 2 ; Ligeti 134.
(anbnto'l-nnbdt); and one says, in Uyg. (cf.
iin-) 01 an]: evke: iindiirdi: ogxag.ahu ild'l- D ogdunkr: N.1A.S. fr. ogdun; n.0.a.b. Uyg.
boyt 'he started him off on his way home'; vrrr ff. Bud. ogdunkl tizin qakilip 'bendlng
this is an Uyg. meaning (lugnt) and the Oguz the right knee' Suv. 36, 16-17.
do not know it Kq.I 225 (iindiirur, iindur- D o f ~ d u p k iN.1A.S. fr. 6gdUn; (of time)
me:k): xrrr( ?) Tef. tinddr- 'to make (a plant) 'previous ; (of place) 'front'. N.0.a.b. Cf.
grow' 339: Gag. xvff. u n d u r - Caus. f.; ogdiirti:. U y a . V I I I ff. Civ. Bgtunki 'previous'
ruy5nidon 'to cause to rise, grow', etc.; also in (moment) T T VIII L.29: Xak. X I Kag. III
the meanings of oxad-i haqq 'to levy taxes'; 14 (yal12): XIII(?) Tef. iigdunki 'the pre-
and snbz kardon horf 'to confirm a statement'
San. 87r. 14 (quotn.): X w a r . xrv undiir- 'to
raise' Qrrtb 123 (iittdiir-); 204.
1) ogdiirti: Adv. fr. 1 o g ; 'in front, in the
?E BgdUr- Hap. leg.; this word has been read east'. N.0.a.h. Uyg. v~rrff. Bud. bgdiirti
in KR 5971 ; the -9- appears in all three MSS. tart(t)l 'they dragged (me) forwards' Suv. ro,
and the Vienna MS. (in the Mong. Official 8 9 : Civ. (the powerful enemy that was moving
Alphahet) has a front vowel, but this last is in the west has gone a~vas)a g d u r t i tepremig
not conclusive. Obviously it cannot be iigdiir- ; o t yallnt 6qti 'the flame of fire that was
the alternatives are to assume that the vocaliz- moving in the cast has gone out' T T I 123-
ation is wrong and read ogdur- Caus. f. of 124; s u v adasr saga Bgdiirti u t r u kelir 'the
1 OD-, which survives in some NE and NC danger from water comes to meet you in the
languages, or assume that the -9- is wrong east' do. 174-5.
and read iindiir-, which makes better sense.
Xak. xr KB (he could not get to sleep) yana D a:ndlrdln occurs three times in T T VIII;
turd1 anqa b u oldurdl-a s a n g tag a t a it is ohviously an Abl. and ultimately derived
ketdi ogdurdl (or tindiirdi)-a 'he stood up fr. anda: hut the second svllable is in-
for a little and then sat down; the yellow dawn explicable. Uya. vrrr ff Bud. Sanskrit tatas
broke and made him losk pale (or made him 'thereafter' a:ndrrdln TT VIII A.9; tasmdf
get UP)' 5971. 'from that' ditto do. A.22; a.0. d ~ C.17.
.
 Tr1s. V. AND- which represents both nn'o~rr ' a o ~ ~ dand' hi'sn
D a n u t u l - Hap. leg ? ; l'ass. f. of a n u t - . 'bad'; henze one says a y l k cdgil: ni'mo'f-joy'
and a y l g y a v u z ne:g hi'ro'l-jay'; thig Adv.
UyR. ~ I I ff. I n r ~ d . (Sanskr~t I(15t) a l k u adds emphasis to ~ o o detc., (ynd.~tr/m'kidn(n)
u & u r l a : r uze: a:nutulmlg ?:rut- 'he is pre-
pared for all emergencies' T T V I I I G.8. fi'l-xnw rcn juyrihi) Knf. I 84; KU a y ~4599
(kovtlag).
PL!I> nglttlr- Hap. ICE.; the brainning ofthe
word is clear, hut the s u g ~ e s t e dmeaning 'to D a n u k Intrans. Adj, fr, a11u:-; 'rracly' and
cause to how' is plausible, and in that case the like. S.i s.m.l.p., usually as a n ~ kand with
egittiir- Caus, f. of 2 egit- mipht he expected. somc extended meanings. Sce Ihrrfrr 11 g h g .
L'yg. V I I I ff. Rlan. t o l p s n n s a r l g sizige UyR. V I I I ff. Ilud. n n u k t u r u r b i z ' w e stand
a n k r t t r r t ~ g z 'you have made the whole rendy' (at all times, awaiting the king's con+
snntsdra bow(?) to you' T T I11 78. mands) U III 28, 16; a n u k b o l y u k 01 'he is
ready' (to go to King Silltlitya) Eiiien-ts. 257:
D o ~ e d t u r -Caus. f. of o g e d - ; 'to cure (a Civ. y a r l m ~ r l c y e r i n a n u k u n t u t d u m
disea~e Acc.); t o cure (someone Acc., of ' I have received half a jtk of his land ready (for
something Ahl.)'. Pec. to UyR. Bud. Uyg. cultivation)' USp. 28, 3-4; in USp. 98, 14-16,
V I I I ff. Bud. (they all came and begged him) a list of property to he shared between an
iglerln a g r l g l a r l n ernletgeli ogedtiirgell adopted son and any subsequent children is
'to treat and cure their diseases' Suo. 597, 20- almost illegible, but might reed m e n i ~ n l g
21; o l a r n ~ b a r r a igindin agrrglndrn (dittography) e v u m t e k i b a r k ~ m t a k tnegti
o z g u r u r iigedtortir e r t i 'he was saving and k l m i r n n i o r p a k (metathesis of o p r a k ? ) a n t k
curing them of all their diseases (tlcnd.)' do. s r n u k b a r t m bolguqa b o l s a 'whatever
585, 15-17; 0.0. 59.5, 19-20 (alku:); 597, 3. property of mine, clothing ( ? ) and household
poods, fit for use or broken there are in
Dis. AN(? my house (Ifrttd.)': X a k . X I a n u k ne:g
afilg Adj./:\dv. meaning hoth (n) 'e.xtrcnie(ly), nf-~oy'ri'l-!I{& 'a thing which is ready' Kaf.
excessive(ly)' and (b) 'cril(l!.)' and the like, I 68 (prov.); 0.0. I 18, 2 ; 93, 5 (particularly
~o practically sy. w. yavlak. I t is not clear applied to food ready to he served): KII h f r
whether (h) evol\-cd from (n) or vice versa. t a n u k r a n u k 'one witness to it is ready to
N.o.8.h. T i i r k u vlrr 01 arntl: afilg yok hand' 1 5 ; O . O . 99, 552, 653 (kufiiir-), 783
Tiirkii n a g a n ' t h a t prcscnt good (lit. 'without (uquzluk), 5844: srv Rig. a n u k It I 234:
( 4 ' ) Tiirku xnFntr' I S 3, 1I N 2 ; afilg bilig Muh. rnrclra~yn' ('prepared') trio !tfidir anu:k
111 biligin) a n t a : 6yu:r e r m f g 'then they Mrl. 83, I ; Rij. 188: X w a r . x ~ va n u k ditto
began to think evil thoughts' I S 5 , I1 N 4; Qtrth 9; Nollc. 293, 1 1 : KIP. x ~ va n u k al-
aiilg kiqi: 'evil men' I S 7, I1 N 5 ; bilge: - i t a i r . . . and when a man wants a present
Tofiukuk afil:g 01 o z (sir, quite clearly, but he says to his friend a r r n a g a n nieaninl: 'where
?error for uz) 01 'the Counsellor Tofiukuk is is the present?', and his friend replies a n u k
evil and (cunning?)' T 34: VIII ff. in I r k B t u r hn'dir id. 23: xv h g i r a n l k Trrh, 13h. I .
at the end of each para. the omen is usually
descrihed as 'pond' or 'bad', hut in 5, 11, 18, 11 rna:g Dev. N. fr. *~na:-. An early I.-w.
55. 64 it is afil:g erlgii 'extrcnielygood', and in in Monp. as in08 'intimate friend, confident,
2 , 36 afi1:g yavlak 'extremely had'; aiil:g (royal) favourite', and the like (Harnisrh 82,
klllnq1r:g q l m n u : 'the evil doing denion Koiu. 276 (htnk)); the word docs not occur in
(Ahriman)' Toi~nkI v. ~ - 4 ( E T 1 ' 1 1178): Man. any Xak. Iilnguage and it is proh. that a11 thc
nn12 (sic) klllnF1~gqlrnnu (;lit,os. I .+,18;o.o. post-Uyg. occurrence.? at-e rehorrowings fr.
of a n r g 'evil' do. I 28; 236, 298; a n t g y a v l a k Mong.; those with final - k almost certainly are.
biligin 'with extremely evil intentions' do. so: S.i.a.ni.1.g. See Doerfer 11 668. UyR. V I I I ff.
IJyR. \.III ff. R1an.-11 ' a y ~ g burgap] b o l u p Rlan. and Bud. only in the phr. u m u k m a $
'i)econiing very . . .' A1 1 3 5 . 8 (possibly ~ U S U 'something,~ or someone, desired and trusted ,
'grieved'): Rlan. a n @ i i g r i i n ~ i i t i i g'extremely see u m u g : Gag. xv ff. l n a g hi-toknllr~f olnn
happy' Af 1 6 , 17; a n l g klllnq T T I1 6, 23; rnu~(7jiih 'a friend with whom one docs not
a y l g 'evil', esp. in the phr. a y i g k r l l n ~is stand on ceremony'; l n a k ndyY!It ur muqnrrnh
common in T T 111 lo, 70, 136, etc.; ay1 'a royal representative or senior minister' Vrl.
terkki'e t u y u n u p 'very quickly acquiring 83: l n a g j l n a k naditn wn rqfiq ccn nrusnhih
perception' do. 120 ( a y ~seems to be an un- 'friend, comrade, intimate' (quotn. for m a g ) ;
usually early example of the elision of -g; it the Rtinli author (i.e. Vel.) distinguished
occurs only as an Adv.): Chr. a y l g k r l m q l ~ g between the meanings of m a g (translated as
U I 9, I I ; a y l k e d ovkesi k e l t i 'he became shove) and ~ n a (ditto), k and Nadar 'Ali and
extremelv angw'do. 9, 16: Bud. a y t g 'evil' esp. Nnphi followed him; and also, in the realms of
in the phr. a y l g klllnq and a y ~ go g l i 'evil- the Turkish .rdns (satodnitr-i Ttrrk), the name
minded' is very common PP 2, I ; 3, 7, etc.; of a hereditary oRice (manpb) which they
TT IV 4, 5, etc.; TT VI 196, etc.; a n l g give as a distinction (ixtiflp) to m~cqarrabdn-i
(sic) kijrksiiz 'extremely ugly' T T VI 443; mtip+ib San. r 17v. 8: X w a r . X I V 1 n a g 'friend,
m u n d a r n a r u a y t~r a k e r m e z 'it is not very intimnte' Ql~rb2 0 5 : R o m . xlv 'tn~stworthy.
far from here' U IV 16, 156; 0.0. of ayl do. faithful' rnnkfrnax C C G ; Gr.: KIP. x111 al-
48, 98; Hiirn-rs. 287 (kodr:): Civ. a y r g k111n$ -fadig 'close friend' 1na:k ( T k m . do:st, taken
H II z z , 14: Xak. XI a y l g an Adverb (hf) from the I'enian) Horr. 26, 12; (opposite to
 DIS. ENG
'enemy' ya:Rt:); 32, 101 xv xdrf 'senior royal Din. E N C
minister' l n a k 7'1rh. 14a. 9: O s m . xlv m a g ; ?D egek perhaps crasis of *eggek Den. N.
xv l n a g l l n a x ; xvt l n a k in several texts, fr. 2 eg, cf. yaga:k; originally, rather hroadly,
originally 'the confider~tialadviser of a mini- 'lower jaw, jawbone, chin', later, more
ster', latrr not much more than 'reliable' specifically 'chin'. S.i.a.m.1 g. usually much
T T S 1 3 5 0 ; 11538; I'II 372; I V 427. distorted, in NE usually ek1e:k; SE fggek;
tnga: 'vile, worthless'; pec. to Xak.; thc alif NC e:k/iyek; SC l y a k ; N W lyek; in S W
is unvocalized in Kay. but all MSS. of K B have Tkm. egek; xx Anat. various forms eyeklenek,
1:nga:. Xak. xt tnga: e r 01-racrilu'l-rod1 'a vile etc. (in Az., Osnl, usually qene fr. Pe. @nu). See
man'; and anything worthlcss (stfqil) is called s a k a k . IJyg. vrlt ff. \,Ian. T T II 16, 15-16
tnga: Kay. I 128: K B s a r a n l t k t a lnga negli (opra:-): Xak. X I egck a[-rn-dtfdn rca'l-
b a r a & n 'what othcr thing is there that is -janikdn tnin canbatayi'l-fam 'the two jaws and
viler than miserliness?' 1672./ the junctions of the jaw eachside of the mouth';
egek ni-xaytu'llndi tajudd bihi'l-mar'a ximi-
rahd wa miqna'atahd 'the string with which
D ~ S V.
. ANC- a woman fastened her veil (Hend.)' K a y . I 135
D oguk- Emphatic f. of 1 o g - ; pcc. to Kay. (there is no other trace of the second meaning,
Xak. XI e r yti:zl: oguktl: 'the man's face which is perhaps a metaph. use of the first):
became pale' (sahuma); and one says barqtn Ijag. xv ff. egek eyek zanaxdtfn ma'n&'ni
o g u k t ~ :dahabat [ardwatu'l-dibk wa nahwihi chin' Vcl. 31; dgek ditto do. 83 (quotn.);
'the brocade (and the like) lost its freshness' e ~ e ('with
k -0-') zanaxddtr (quotfi.) ;the author
Kay. I 216 (oguka:r, ogukma:k); in a of the Mu'ayyidri'l-fu#ala mis-spelt it &gel Sun.
duplicate entry in 111 394 the first sentence 118r. 2: X w a r . X I I I eyek 'chin' 'Ali 49: xrv
is translated 'his face ,became lean ((inmara) dgek 'chin, lower jaw' Qutb 51; (whoever
becaunc of illness, etc., and the second 'the undertakes to keep his tongue) i k i egeki
brocade lost its freshness, brightness, and a r a s l n d a k t 'between his two jaws' Nahc. 382,
sheen' (tardwairihrc wa nndCrattrhrr wa md'ulru 3: Ktp. xtv enek ('testicles', and also) al-daqan
wa rawtraqrihu). 'chin' fd. 23; egek (with -9-) a/-daqan do. 25:
xv al-hand 'lower jaw' enek Kav. 60, IS;
Tuh. rzb. 5 ; in Tub. 3b. 5 mentioned as one
of the words containing -9-: O s m . xrvff.
egek 'chin', etc., c.i.a.p. TTS 1 2 6 8 ; I 1 383;
T r i s . ANC 111253 ; I V 297.
I) a n u k l u k A.N. fr. a n u k ; n.0.a.b. Xak. xr
e n u k 'the young of a carnivorous animal, cub,
a n u k l u k al-isli'rlrId fi'l-rtmrir 'readiness in
affairs' Kay. I 150: X w a r . xrv anuklrtk'readi- puppy, etc.' Survives only(?) in NE Tuv. and
ness' Q~ctb9. SW Osm. and xx Anat. (enik/bniik/oniik).
Uyg. vrlr ff. Bud. eniik '(tiger) cub' Suv. 610,
D lnagslz Priv. N./A. fr. m a g ; noted only in 3 and 7: Xak. XI e n u k yiblu'l-asad 'lion-cub';
Uyg. Bud. in the phr. umuRsuz ~ n a g s ~ z .and the younR (zunlad) of a hyaena, wolf or dog
Uyg, vrrr ff. Bud. irinq [yarlltg u m u g s v z is called eniik; and isndnu'i-ialaq 'the teeth
lnagslz 'miserahlc, destitute, with no object (i.e. wards) of a wooden lock' are called
of desire or tnrst' U 11 4, 6-7; 0.0. U III kiritllk enii:kl: (sic) Kay. I 72: tag. xv ff.
16, 21 ; SIIZI.587, 3. 6 n u k (spelt) bnc<a-i sihd' wa kildb 'the young
of beasts of prey and dogs', just as 'lamb' and
I 1 onakaya: presumnhly a corruption of the like are called k u z ~ ,'calf' and the like
*onak~fia: Dim. f. of ona:. N.o.a.b. Uyg. buzaw, 'donkey-colt' and the like x u d u k ,
vltr ff. Bud. onakaya olgeli 'on the point of 'piglet' cocga, 'the young of elephants' and
death' Srrv. 603, I I ; 609, 22. the like bala, 'game-bird chicks' qorpe and
other 'chicks' y a w r l Son. 1181. 10: Tkrn.
T r i s . V. ANG- xrtr carwu'l-kaib 'puppy1 e n u k (mis-spelt
etuk; KIP. kiiquk) Hou. I I , I O : Ktp.xrv eniik
D anuk1a:- Den. V. fr. a n u k ; 'to prepare 'the young (carw) of a beast of prey or a dog'
(something Acc.), to make (it) ready'. Survives Id. 24: xv carw (kilquk, u r u k and) e n u k Tub.
with the same meaning in NW Kaz. anukla- I I ~6.; e n u k is also one of the translations of
R I 231, and with the meaning 'to explain, kalb do. job. 6: O s m . X I V , xv e n u k ; xv ff.
make clear' (fr. the modem rneaninp of a n u k enik 'lion cub, puppy, etc.' and even 'young
in those languages) in NC Klr., Kzx.; NW snake' in several texts TTS I 269; I1385; 111
Kk. antkla- ; NW K r ~ ma n u k l a - R 1 7.31. 253; I V 298.
Xak. X I 01 nnuk1a:dl: ne:gnl: wacada'l-gay'
hadir mri'add fa-axadahu 'he found the thing S inek See ingek.
ready and prepared and so took it' Kay. I
305 (anukla:r, anuk1a:ma:k): KB (Illimke VUD ogik pec. to Kaf.; in the second rnean-
h z l i ~$1" a n u k l a p yorl 'go your way, pre- inp, the second syllable carries both kasra and
paring your soul sincerely for death' 1476: datnmo the latter prob. added later. Ka~.'s
Kom. xrv 'to prepare' a n u k l a - C C I ; Gr.: etymology is implausible; prob. a Dim. f. of
KIP. xrv ( s n u k al-hddir, hence) anuk1a:- ' 1 69, 'little front'. Xak. XI 6gik al-yud&'lla&
ahdata'fd. 23: xv nbdara anlkla- Tuh. gb. 12. yutaxxddi'l-mar'a min ga'ri'l-'anr ztira(n) 'a
 false fringe nhich a woman makes of goat's 539. X a k . xr eniikliie a r s l a n labwa dcit arbd
hair'; also called a g i k y6rgeye:k; its origin 'a lioness with cuhs' Kaj. I 153.
is ogi: meaning t a y r 'other'; Bgfk ndncib1rvI-
-rt.irdda rcn cidciniha miti horir 'the silk tails D 1"i:gii:n Ini:.
(i.c. fringcs) of a cushion and its ears (i.e.
tassels)' Kaf. 1 13s. T r i s . V. ENG-
? S iigiik See Kgiiq. I ) rniikle:- Ilcn. 1'. fr. e n i i k ; (of a I7rnst of
prey, dc~q, etc.) 'to g i \ e hirtti to )-oung'.
(L)) ingek 'cowr-';apparently 1)cn ( ? ) N. fr. S u r v ~ v r dIn srx Orm. hut now ohsnlete every-
*in, cf. inge:n; it seems proh. thet these hvo where(?) tIy2. vrlr ff. Ilud. yagl eniiklemig
nords have a commnn oripin in the remote h i r tlgl b a r s l g 'a tigress that hnrl just pivcn
past; S.i.a.ni.l.p. as i n e k , and the likc. Ttirkii hirth' Slrts. 609, 16: X a k . xr at enuk1t:dl: 'the
vrrr ( I led (the people) . . . to the Otiiken bitch pupped' (aoot); and one says n r s l a : ~ ~
mountains) i n g e k koliikin 'with(?) the cattle enuk1c:di: 'the lioness had cuhs' (ajholat)
and bageape animals' T 15: V I I I ff. I r k B Kag. I 308 (eniikle:r, eniik1e:me:k); am. III
41 (buza:gu:la:-): 1Jyg. vrrr fT. Bud. i n g e k 92, I T : O s m . xrv, xv enikle- in two texts
yak1 siit b i r l e 'with cows butter and milk' T T S 1 2 6 9 ; 11385.
Surs. 596, I ; a.o. PP 77, 4 (kndur-): Civ.
ingek y a g l T T I'II 26, 13; H 1 77, etc.; D entiklcn- Ilap. leg.; Ilrtl. f. of cnuk1e:-.
N II 12, 99, etc.; 0.0. 7'T Y I I 22, 17; USp. 55, X a k . xr t t enuklendi: 'the bitch hecame the
3: xrv Chin.-Uyt. Dict. 'cow' i n e k l.i,q~ti157; mother of puppies' (ddt circi') Kay. I 294
R I 1442: X a k . xr i n g e k al-bnqara 'cow' Kay. (cniikleniir, eniik1enme:k).
I I I I ; 0.0. III 91, zz (buza:gu:la:-); III 121,
7 (2 k i i : ~ ) :K B 5372 (u:d): ~ I I I ( ?Tpf.
) tteve V U D Ilglklen- Hap. leg.; Rcfl. Ilcn. V. fr.
ingeki 'femalc c ~ m e l ' 125: xlv hfuh.(l) bgik. X s k . XI ura:gut Sgiklendi: nado'ati'l-
nl-hoqam i:ne:k 11fd.71, I (only): CaR. xv ff. -mor'n hi-fird[t] [irritt ,w'r added in margin]
inek (spelt) nrrida grirc 'cow' Snn. I r8r. I : 'otiz (RIS. R o y ) nnraorcroirafn(n) (rir) 'the
ORuz xl i n g e k a/-rrtr!d ntina'l-solo'hij 'a femalc woman put on a false fringe of goat's hair'
tortoise' h'rrl. I I r r: X w a r . xrv i n e k 'cow' Kog. I 31 I (bgilrleniir, iigiklenme:k, MS. in
Quth 59: K o m . xrv 'cox\.' i n c k C C l ; Gr.: error iiy1,ili:trto:k).
Ktp. xlrr 01-hnqarn i:ne:k Norr. 14, 1 9 : xlv
Inck ditto fd. 24; Did. 7 , 9 : s v ditto Knr.. 62, 2 ;
Ttrlt. 7b. 6. YU a911 per. to Knj.; as the basic meaning i3
(D) i n g e m 'female camel'; apparently Den. very', it is tempting to read r g l l and connect
(?) N. fr. *in, see Ingek. S u r v i ~ e sas i n g e n the word with 1 cg, but the (preposterous)
and the like in NE Tuv.; SE Tiirki, Sham, suggestion in I 135, 19 that a l a g is a meta-
Jarring; NC Klr., Kzx.; NJV Kk. T t i r k i i thesis of this word points to ngll. X a k . X I
rrll ff. I r k B 5 (botu:la:-): X a k . xr inge:n
ag11 a q u k k a p u g b5b f i f r r ? r cidda(n) 'a wide
al-nn'qa 'female camel' Kay. I 120 (prnv.); a.0. open door' Kay. 1 9 4 .
I 289. 19 ( ~ g r a n - ) :x r r ~ ( ? )Trf. i n g e n ditto S a g u l See n m u l .
125: X I V Mirh. 01-niiqa i:nge:n (-g- marked)
hfel. jo, 7; Rlf. 172: q a g . sr IT. I n g e n (spelt) D 1na:l I'ass. N.1A.S. fr, *~na:-;etyniologicslly
n6qa rca putlrr (quotn.) also abbreviated to it must originally have meant something like
i n e n Sort. r r8r. 4 : l n c n yirtur at,hreviation of 'trustworthy'. hut in practice it srenis to he
i n g c n do. 1171.. 12: X w a r . xrv i n g c n ditto used only as a title of ofice; K n ~ . ' aspecific
A'nhc. 73, 16: Klp. s r l r 01-ndpn i:nge:n Hoit. explanation wnuld fit this well, but shows that
14, 13: xv hrr.\ti 'thc Bactrian camel' b e s r e k by XI the etymological meaning was forgotten.
(RIong. I.-w.) rcn'l-rm!<i irrinhrr 'nnd the female' [)ye. vlrl ff. Ilud. l n a l occurs 14 times as an
i n k e n Ttrh. jb. 5 ; trdqn (ti51 t e w e ; in rnnrgin) eletnent in Fropcr Names in the lists of distin-
i n g e n do. 36b. I : O s m . xrv l n g c n ditto in one ~ u i s h c dpersons in the third 'pfahl' Pfahl. 22-4;
text T T S I1 384 (rngen). usually at the end of the name, e.F T e g r f d e
b o l m i q l n a l (1. 14) but sometimes at the
T r i s . ENG beginning if the punctuation is right e.g.
(D) 6ne:gii: 'colic'; n.0.a.b. Prima facie a I n a l Tor (I. 35); the word is almost certainly
Dev. N. in -gii:, the obvious connection is a title; the main list of six inals (11. 15-16)
with e n - , hut the -e:- is hard to explain comes after the names of two segiins ('army
morphologically; not connected with h e : - . commanders'); u p a s ] (VU) T e r b i Inn1 'the
UyR. vrrr ff. Cir. (if one drinks the medicine lay-brother Terbi Innl' T T V I I 40, 9: Xak.
and pces to sleep) knegii a g r ~ gk k t e r 'the XI l n a l ism httllfatd ummuhi~xdt~i?irca abiihrr
c o l ~ cpains pass away' H I 20; a.0. do. 16: sliqa, ha& hrrwa't-afl 'a word for any youth
X a k . xr ene:gii: ism &' ya'sud mirqdbilafa'l- whose mother is a princess and his father a
-surra ka'l-qiilanf 'the nerne of an illness like commoner; this is the oripinal meaning (i.e. of
colic which attncks the region of the navel' the title?)' Kag. I 122; VU T a p a r ihn 1na:l
KO$. 1 1 3 7 . 0 : min ~ nirrliik Qifrliq '(the name of) the son of
1nn:l O : z , one of the kings of K~pcak'I 361:
D entikltig P.N./A. fr. ~ n t i k .Survives only G a g ( ? ) xlv ff. according to Ha~idu'l-din (early
(?I in SW xx Anat, enikli/ennikli SDD 538- XIV)one of the rulers of the Krr&z was U r u e
 D I S . V. A N L - 185
I n a l ; Abti'l- Razi (xvr) repeating this state- D u n l u g P.N./A. fr. iin; lit. 'having a voice'.
ment added that the title lnal ayong the S.i.s.m.l. w. phonetic changes; in S W Osm
K1rgl-z corresponded to pddiidh emperor' it has come to mean 'famous'. Xak. X I K B (for
among the hlongols and Tajiks R I 1441 the post of Grand Vczir a man must he good-
(P. de C. 138). looking, clean-shaven) togan e r s l g Unlllg
s6zi belgiiliig 'as brave ar a falcon, with a
VIJ lnll$ Ilnp. lep.; prob. like some other plant good voice and clear speech' 2458.
names, a I.-w. Xak. xr igllq 'a mountain plant
(nnhr) like garlic (al-{rim) eaten with roast meat' I1 iigliig I'.N./A. fr. 2 iig; 'coloured'; nor-
(01-$in') Kag. I I 15. mally with a preceding word indicat~ngthe
colour. S.i.s.m.l. w . nhol~eticchanges. U Y ~ .
V I T I ff. B U ~ . sar12 &gieg 'ye~~o&Ico~oured'
1) a g l a g ( a g l ~ g )n.0.a.b.; P.N.IA. fr. I a g ;
'possessing understanding'; the cognate word Suv. 28, 14; 0.0. do. 28, 17ff; 7'T V 6, 22;
a g l a k Dcv. N. fr. ag1a:- 'understanding' T T VIII G.64(altu:n); PP 17,4; U I1140,36
s.i.s.m.I., though less comMon than ukug. etc. Civ. qlntan ogliig 'sandal-wood coloured'
Uyg. vrll ff. Man.-A koni k e r t u aglag H 11 30, 153: XIV Chiit.-Uyg. Dict. yen s t
toriiliig 'having an upright, true understand- 'coloured' (Giles I ~ ,10I 9,602) 8gliig; shun s t
ing and code of behaviour' M I 26, 14-15: 'flame coloured' (Ciler 9,707 9,602) g a m s e
( F a g . xv ff. a g l a k fahril wa idrdk 'understand- oglug Lixeti 190; R I 1207: Xak. XI Kaj. I
Inn. ~erceution'San. ~ r 5 ).: KIP. xlv a g 1 ~ :
Dis. V. ANL-
D egllg P.N./A. fr. 2 eg; normally with a D Qnil- Pass. f. of Qn-; used only in Imper-
preceding word connoting colour, 'having . . . sonal constructions. Survives in this usage
cheeks or complexion'. Survives only(?) in only in S W Osm. Xak. XI in a para. on the
S W Osm. Xak. xr K R klzgu eglig 'with Impersonal use of the Pass., t a g d l n enildl:
ruddy cheeks' 4524: G a g xv ff. (under eg) nuziln n~itra'l-cabal'a descent was made from
kuyag egtlg 'with cheeks like the sun' Vel. 31 the mountain' Kag. I1 130,28: XIII(?)Tef. (on
(quotn.); kuyag eglig (sic) ditto San. I 18r. 7 the last day) yQrke enitlur 'a descent to earth
(same quotn.); Xwar. XIV $Qqekeglig 'flower will be made' 126.
coloured' Qirtb 51 ; a1 6911 'with scarlet cheeks'
do. 60: K x p xrv b u g d a y emlu: (sic) asmar D ogal-logul- 'to recover from an illness';
'swarthy' (lit. 'wheat coloured') Id. 34: O s m . the two forms are used indiscriminately, ogul-
xv, xvr b u g d a y e g i u / e ~ l iin two texts T T S II being the older but no doubt a Sec. f. with
381 (under en). .
labial attraction:. ~resumablvPass. f. of *ona:-.
cf. ogar-. Practically syA. w. 61~ed-,q.v.
- .
D eglik A.N. (Conc. N.) fr. 2 eg; 'red cos- S.i.m.m.l.g. Uyg. vrrr ff. Bud. T T VI 216
metic, rouge'; not qsed for 'white cosmetic' (1 a d m - ) : Civ. iglig e r s e b a t ogulur 'if he is
which is opo: or kirge:n. S.i.a.m.l.g., except ill he recovers quickly' T T V I I 28, 28; do. 4.5
SC(?), w. phonetic changes. Uyg. V I I I ff. Civ. and 55; in do. 48 ogedur is substituted for
u l u g kiqlg eglik, 'a large and a small packet b a t ogulur; a.0. Suv. 19, 6: Xak. XI sake1
of rouge', occurs twice in lists of ~ o o d bought
s o g u l t ~indamnla'l-marid
: 'the invalid rkcovered'
for a bride in Fam. Arch.: Xak. xr eglik and one says 1:g ogult!: istoqZmo'1-amru'l-
al-raxf wa hrtwa ~ibf ahmar yir!ld bihi wara- -mrrgawwaZ 'the confused matter was put
nritu'l-trisri' ' r o u ~ e ,that is a red dye daubed straight' Kay. I 2 1 6 ( o g u l u : ~ ogu1ma:k);
, the
on women's cheekbones' Kay. I 115: X I V same text, but with o g u l d ~ :I11 395: XU'(?)
Rbf. eglik A. Uattal, hi-Illuhennd LGgati, At. baxillik ogulrnaz (two MSS. ogalmaz)
Istanbul, 1934, p. 29; Muh. xidcibu'l-hdcib i g 01 'avarice is a disease that does not yield
run Izatnratu'l-xadd 'cyelhrow paint and rouge to treatment' 253: Gag. xv ff. ogal- (spelt,
for the cheeks' egli:k Mcl. 63, 15 ( R i f . 162 has 'with -9-') bih gudan wa r i h k t yciftan wo
ka:$l~k for the first and egH:k (mis-spelt iltiydm ydfian 'to get better, recover one's
egi:lik) wa miilr~htcfor the second, and adds health, be cured' San. 88v. I (quotn.): Kom.
a k eglik baydd~r'l-'ar~is'a bride's white (cos- xrv 'cured' ogald! C C G ; Gr. (?as a Dev. N.):
metic)'): Gag. xv ff. 6glik 'the red colour KIP. xrv ogul- (with -g-) ta'8fd91-marid rca
(kratl r e g ) which women rub on their faces' bari'a'l-curh 'of an invalid to recover, of a
Vel. 84 (quotn.); eglik 'rouge (f&a wa wound to be cured' fd. 25: xv istakanu 'to be
gtrlg~inn) which women rub on their faces' eased' (in margin in~alaha'to be put right')
San. 118r. 8 (quotn.): KIP. xxIr al-hamra ongut- Tuh. 6a. 13: O s m . xrv ff. ogul- 'to
'rouge' which women put on their faces recover, get better' c.i.a.p.; ogal- twice in xv,
eg1i:k; and they have a vegetable (nabdtiya) xvr T T S I 546; I1 732; 111 546; I V 6x0:
rouge; it is a plant (al-hasiga) which is grown xvrrr (after C a b entry) and in Rrimi BgCil-
in our country with the aromatic plants (al- with damma San. 88v. 2: agtil- in Rrimi bih
-riy@in) and which we call al-yamaniya; sudan' do. 88v. 18 (quotn. F~r&ifi; the (erro-
kbrti: eg1i:k 'genuine (al-yddiqa) rouge' Ifoou. neous) front vowels are deliberate).
18, 1-4: XIV enlik (misvocalized enilik, under
-n- not -9-) 01-tzantra li'l-nisd' fd. 24: OSm. D UgU1- Pass. f. of ug-; 'to he dug into,
xvr ff. egllk 'rouge' in several texts T T S 111 hollowed out'. N.0.a.b. unless N C Ktr., Kzx.
254; I V 298. iigB1- used in the Ger. with verbs meaning 'to
 D I S . V'. X N L -
look, to read', ctc., to connote 'fixedly, in- NE I<hak, iignen-; N C 1<1r., Kzx. BgdKn-i
tently' can he taken as a survival. X a k . xr the hasic vrrh Bgne-l6gdB- also exists in these
y l g a : ~ilgiildl: nrtqirn'l-.rnfnh 'the piece of languages. X a k . X I Clziim iiglendi: tnlarr-
wood (etc.) \\.as hollowed out' Kny. I11 395 runnn'l-'inoh 'the grapes hecnme coloured';
(ilgiilu:r, ugii1me:k): KIP. s v mrrcnrorvof 21-0 used of a man when he rccovers his c o l o ~ ~ r
'hollowed out' ilgllmiq Trtlr. 34b. 3. (tnlnrcrcnno) after an illness Knj. I 281) (iiu-
lenii:r, 6glenme:k).
L) agla:- Den. 1'. fr. 1 a g ; 'to understand'
with the same shades of meaning as the Eng- Tris. ANL
lish xvord. T h e normal early ~ v o r d for 'to
understand' was u k - , and agla:- was very rare, 1:. inilgii: this word has hccn rc;~din two in-
which perhaps explains why Knj. thought it scriptions and translated ill various ways. It
was ~pccificallyOkuz. S.i.a.m.1.p. often much does not cxist. 'I'iirku vrlr tegri: y a r l ~ k a -
distorted, e.g. NE: ogna-, etc. ('riirkii V I I I the d u k Uqun m e n kazgancluk Uqiin tlirkU
word nglor read at the end of T 34 (see afirg) b o d u n kazfianmrg e r i n q ini: iilgii: bunqa:
in Radlov's edition is a figment, the photo- baqlayu: kazganmat1:n tiirkii b o d u n ol-
graph in Aalto's edition shows no sign of teqi: erti: 'because heaven was gracious and
it): Uyg. V I I I ff. Chr. (the Magi seeing this because I gained (victories) the Turku people
\vonderful manifestation) a g l a p bilip 'under- gained. If my younger brother when he died
standing and knowing (its meaning)' U 18, 16 had not gained so much by his leatlership the
(the word is damaged but the reading fairly Turkii people would have died' I 1 E 33 (Inl:
certain): ( 0 . Klr. I X ff. the reading aglar Klgii: is reasonably clear in the Finnish photo-
in il.lol. 41, I is certainlv an error, prob, for graph, hut has been read nren inilgii: with m
ucii:n): (Xak.) x ~ Mrrh.(?)fahima
v 'to under- for the first 1 and n for the 6): V I I I ff. Yen. in
stand' ag1a:- Rif. 113 (only); nl-dikr 'ro re- Mnl. 28 a very obscure text, apparently con-
member' a n g l a m a k (sic?, unvocalized) do. sisting of two separate inscriptions read as one
123 (onlv): Gag. xv ff. agla- (spelt) falrntidc~n and largely unintelli~ihle,11. 4 and 5 , which are
Snir. 501' 27 (quotns.): ORUZ X I 01 s3:ziig among the more intelligible, are read e r
ag1a:dl: 'he understood (fahimo) the state- e r d e m uqiin i n i m e y i m u y a r l n ticiin
merits (etc.)' Kay. I 290 (agla:r, agla:ma:k): beggii:min tike: berti: tiirt enel@:(?)
X\var. x111 aqla- 'to understand' 'Ali 26: xrv e r t i m i z bizni: e r k l i g adlrt(t)l: (or a d ~ r t l ?)
:
ditto Qrrth 0: K o m . xlv. ditto C C I , C C G ; 'brcause of my(?) manly qualities, a1111because
Gr.: KIP. X I V ( ~ !rlictz
g a fence, partition'; of (the ahilit!.?) of my elder and younger
one says brlnun a g y o k d u r wrri li-hdgd l16ciz; brother, they erected my rncmorial stone; we
and ol-fny'rr'l-itrnflzrinr 'a thing which is under- were four . . . (nfnl. 'we had four younger
stood' is called aglu: that is dri Irliciz, derived brothers', which is irnpossihlr), the lord (of
from the previous wrird, because that rvhich is the under\vorld) parted us'. Here too n seems
understood is distiripuishcd (tnnra~yaza)from to be a riiisreading of 6, 6lgii: might mean
that which is not (gnyrihi)) hence one says here 'destined to die'.
agla- 'to understand' fd 25 (ag 'fencc, parti-
tion' is otherwise known only in S W s x Anat. T r i s . V. ANL-
aR/:ln/a~ 'a boundary between two fields' 1) ana:la:- Hap. kc.; Dcn. V. fr. ana:. X a k .
SDD 72, 99, 103; it clearly has nothing to do xr 01 anl: ana:la:d~: sarrir~u?lrd li-nnftilri
with 1 ag): xv fnlzinm a g l a - (spelt atlo- bi-gaytr tct~rtnrun nnsohnhd illi'l-rrrrr~imo'he called her his
nmagnrinn 'with a nasalized iayn') Kav. 26, 6; own mother arid traced his female parentage
fahirim agla- 7'zr/r. z8a. 9. to her' KO?. I 31 I (ana:la:r, ana:la:ma:k).
D egle:- Den. V. fr. 3 eg, q.v. N.o.a.b.; 11 ag1:la:- I k n . V. fr. *agr:, onomatopoeic;
a g n a - l a g d a - in several NE languages R I 'to bray'. One of several onomatopoeic Verbs
1x8, 193, Khak., Tuv. seems to be a I.-w. fr. of this general f o n n ; prob. the origin of ag:rda-
RIonq apno- (Kozu. 14, Halfon 2) rather than NC Krr. 'to shout, scream'; S W xx Anat. (of
a si~r\.i\alof this word. T u r k i i vlrr ff. b a r s a buffalo) 'to bellow' S D D 1 0 3 ; parallel
k6yi:k egteyii: megleyii: barml:g 'a leopard mcdirval form* are added below; inle-
and a stag went looking for xv~ld game (or (igle-) still survives in S W Rep. Turkish. Xak.
food?) and grain' IrkR 49. X I egye:k agl:la:d:: nnhaqo'l-himtir 'the donkey
?E igle- Hap. leg ; Pelliot read this word in brayed' KO$. I 311 (ag~:la:r, agl:la:ma:k):
the text below and translated it 'to bend', con- KIP. xrv igle- (with -9-)nnnn 'to moan,
necting i t with 2 eg- (@-) which is morpho- groan' fd. 25: xv nnnn iqle- Tiih. gb. 6: O s m .
logically impossible; it is no doubt a mis- yvr11 igle-/igilde- in Rrimi ndio'nn ufn zZridnn
transcription of Irk1e:- q.v. IJyft. vlrr ff. Bud. to groan, lament' Son. r 17r. 2.
(then the bull came out at the head of the herd;
he made the prince lie down flat and) tiirt Dis. ANM
a d a k r n igleyii (read irkleyii) kiiHtdi t u r d 1 S e g i m See e g i m .
'bending (substitute 'stamping with') his four
legs stood shading him' PP 65, 5-6. ?E a g m r n n.o.a.b.; all occurrences are in the
AbI. and in rather late block prints, and as
D iiglen- ReR. Den. V. fr. 2 6 9 ; 'to heconle the forrn is uiiusual and unlikely, it seems
coloured, to recover one's colour'. Survives in possible that it is an error for agma(t1n) Neg.
 DIS. ANN 187
C;er. in - m a t l n (o. G. AT(;, para. 340) fr. worthy', and normally so used fr. the medieval
ag- 'without noticing it, inadvertently'. Uyg. period onwards. In the early period it was,
vrrr ff. nud. (if anyone sees the spell fastened like inal, used normally (or only !) as a title
to the top of a pole) azu yaktn t u r s a r of office, 'confidcntial minister' or the like, not
agmtnttn ( ? a g m a t i n ) antg koligesl tegser necessarily of very high rank; in this meaning
'or stands near it antl, u,ithout noticing it, gets it survived a long time and was current, for
into its shadorv' IJ 11 39, R7-90; (if someone example in the Selcuk empire, sometimes for
recites this spell in the ears of) agmintin quite junior officials. Survives only(?) in SW
( ? a g m a t ~ n )y11k1 ajuntnta b a r m t g kug- Osm., 'I'km. For the longer form with final
iarnlg keyiklernlg 'of birds or quadrupeds euphonic -u: cf. 6griinq/tigriinqu:. See
which havc inadvertently hecn rehorn as Doerfer I 1 669. 'Tiirkii vln ff. Yen. 61 Bgesi
animals' do. 43, 12-14; 0.0. SIIV.169, 8 ; 177, Inanqu: bllge: part of name or title Mal. 26, i ;
16; 227, 7; 424, 21 ; 7';~. 4c)Ix 2-3. e r d e m i m iiqiin inanqu: (sic) a l p (or inan-
qu:lar?) islnde: (end of line) 'because of
1) o n m e n See Brmen. / my manly qualities (I was enrolled?) among the
ministers1(?) do. 29, 6 ; u r u g bagi: ertim
Tris. ANM inanqt: e r t i m 'I was head of the ( u m g is
V U ? F anu:ml: I-lap. leg.; proh. a 1.-xv, clear, possibly for UrugU: q.v., a clan name, or
!?Indo-European). Xak. X I anu:mi: a/-cu&im a mason's error for u r u g 'clan') and their
elephantiasis' Kay. I 137. minister' do. 32, 15: Uyg. vnl ff. Bud. (in a
list of Proper Names) 61 inanq t i r e k Pfahl.
1) oga:muk Map. leg.; Den. N./A. fr. 1 00; 23, 20: 01 odiin i n a n ~ l a r ! buyruklarl
cf. so1a:muk. 'rile word obviously means x a n k a lnqa t6p otundiler 'then his ministers
'right-handed'; &$.Is translation must be an and officers ventured to address the king as
inadvertent error for af-ajlman. Xak. X I follows' PP 8, 7 ff.; begke iqike Inan$
ona:muk e r nl-mculu'l-aysnr 'a left-handed tayanq bolgali kiiseser 'if he wishes to
man' Kaj. I 162. become cunfidential minister and t a y a v
(q.v.) to the beg and his consort' TT VII 40,
Dis. ANN 51-2; ol Ku t a o atlig b e g bagln manqlari
D anrn Inrfv. of o l used as an Adv.; 'there- 'then his officials with that beg named (PU)
fore, therchy'. N.0.a.h.; anin in the Ktp. de- Ku tao at their head' (and everyone in his
clensions of 01 (11~11.52, 9 ; Ijrrl. 15, 4; KO,;. house, great and small) Suu. 17, ~ e r i Civ. :
34, 5 ) i3 a Sec. f. of the Gcn. a n q . Tiirkti t a k i 6lke x a n k a inanq bolguka 'and when
V I I I ff. Man. a n t n k o r k d i 'he was therefore you become a minister of the realm and xan'
afraid' TT I1 6, 32: Uyg. ~ I I ff. I Man. a n i n TT I 188: 0. Klr. r x f f . i n a n p : kiiliig
(at thc heginning c ~ fa sentcncc) 'thcrefore' qiggi: ben '1 nm Inancu Kiilijg Cigvi' Ma!.
TT 11 17, 72: Chr. (the horse could notcarry 24, 5; 61 m a n p : do. 25, 5: Xak. XI m a n q
it) anrn kCgeqti1er 'they, thcrcfore, took 01-mrr'tamad wn ~ninhuyrrsammd inanq b e g
counsel together' U I 8, 4: Bud. Sanskrit ayi'l-amiru'l-mu'tamod 'trusted, trustworthy',
rnsntrid 'therefore' a n t n TT VIII 0.36; hence the title inanq beg, that is 'trusted
(some people slnuphter animals and sell their chief' Kaj. I 133; 111 450 (du licated): KB
flesh and hlond) antn 6z Igldiir 'and thereby m a n q kilmagn d u n y i ko&a senl 'the
maintain themselves' PP 3, 5 ; a n i n a n t a g world will not keep faith, it will let you down'
t e t i r 'it is therefore so called' TT 1' 24, 79-80; 1091; (a ruler must share his secrets with his
0.0. do. 26, 81; Suu. 401, 9 : Xak. X I bo:dun vezir and his secretary. . .) a y begler inancx
anin iirkilgu:r 'the people arc thcrefore soziig kizle b e r k 'oh confidential ministers
(fi-acnlihi) panic-stricken' Kay. I 155, 19; and of rulers keep your secrets firmly' 2683; (in a
seven, or eight 0.0.; n.m.e.: K B a n l n o t r u list of various offices) m a n q beg 4068: xrv
begler bediitiir kiiqin 'thereby then, he in- Rbg. a d a m l i a r lnanql 'one on whpm men
creases the strength of thc hrg's 401 5 ; a.o. 221 I : rely' R I 1362; Muh. a[-likka reliance'
Gag. x v ff. Vel. 32 lists antn (spelt nnn) trans- 1:na:nq Mel. 54, I ; Rif. 1 5 0 : Gag. xvff.
lating it oirig iirtrn 'therefore' and supporting it i n a n c (so spelt) bZwar 'belief, trust'; also the
by a quoin.; San. 52r. 10 (s.v. anl) says that thc name of a go\,crnor of Ray in the reign of
correct reading in this 1-crse is an1 and that Malik Anlan whose daughter was married by
VeI. got a n l n from a faulty MS. and gave it Muhammad Ildegiz; their son mas Kutlug
an 'invented' (ixtird'i) meaning; the spelling f n a n c San. I 17v. I 2: KIP.(?) xv amdn 'trust',
is unusual, but a n i n 'therefore' suits the con- etc. (tiizerlik: in the margin in a SW(?) hand)
fext better than anr, and may well be right; mane Ttth. 3b. I I.
In any event Vel.'s translation shows that the
word was still known in early x v ~ . D onunq Ordinal f. of o:n; 'tenth'. S.i.a.m.1.g.
in the later fonns onlnp/onuncu and the like.
S enin See e$in. T i i r k u VIII onunq a y '(in) the tenth month'
n 2 idi:.
l ~ e See II S SO: V I I I ff. Man. onunq 'tenth (para-
graph)' Chuas. 206: U y g . vrlr onultq ay $u.
S 8gin See 801:. W 2: vrlr ff. Civ. onunq (once onins) a y is
common in the documents in USp.: Xak. XI
D inanq Dev. N . / A . fr. Inan-; etymologically onunq yarma:k al-dirhamu'l-'tisir 'the tenth
a N./A. meaning 'reliance, trust; reliable, trust- dirham (etc.)' Kaj. I r 33; I11450 (duplicated): .
 r 88 DIS. A N N
KH the form used in the list of Chapters in the dubious): X a k . X I KB klglllk k111g11 Inan-
Vienna hlS. is onunq. ql1g aka 'humalie. trustworthy, and ene err):^^'
2321 : X I I I ( ? At.
) nege m e l n a n q l ~ gkg e r s e
Dls. V. A N N - y a k l n 'ho\rever reliable and close a friend
tnay he' 174.
L) a n u n - Hcf1. f. of anu:- ; 'to prepare oneself
(for s < ~ n i e t h i nDnt.,
~ or to do some thin^ 1) Inanqsrz I'riv. N.,'A. fr. Inanq; 'untl-urt-
(;erund in -gall:/-geli:)'. N.0.a.b. UyR. worthy, treacherous'. N.o.a.l>.; the entry c a t .
V I I I fT. >Ian.-i\ 11f I 14, 4-5 (6:t-): h4an. T T inanqsiz (sic) in R I 1441 is not confirlncd
I 1 1 7 , 60-3 (alku:); a m r n t t m l z sizige 'we hy any otlier Gag. nuthority. X8k. X I KU
have prcparrd ourselves fnr you' T T I11 3 : ~ n n n q s l zt e m e e m d l siignie n t e n i 'do not
X a k . X I 01 ya:gl:ka: a n u n d l : 'he made ready now call me untrustworthy and curse me'
(istn'ndda) for the enemy' Kas. I 2 0 6 ( a n u n u r , 1091 ; Inanqslz a j u n 'this untrustworthy
a n u n m a : k ) ; islzlikig (sic ?error for isiz- world' 6629; a.0. 670: xlv Mtih. nl-xd'in
likke:) a n u n m a : id tosta'iddannn li'l-garr 'treacherous' 1:na:nqslz Mrl. 54. 1 (n~is-spelt
'do not prepare for wickedness' (i.e. do not ~:nn:nrrz); Riy. 150.
assume that people will be wicked) III 161,
3; ( I I 14. 19 see 1 o g u r l u k ) : KB ykgiiqi Dis. A N R
anundl anuk tut agl 'the eater has prepared igir 'dusk3, the half.liKht l>rtwrrll day alld
f i t&" , ! inight at sunset (and prnii. also at dawn). Cf.
m i r . Survives in several h'l larigrlagcs as
death has prepared itself for ~ 0 1 1 ' 1405; 0.0. jgir/l:r, .=tc,; NC Klr, lglrtllgir, i g l r t and
3530 and spurious verse in Vienna M S . after ? l m l r ; K ~ lgir ~ and
. several NW lanRuages
1183: ~ I I I ( ?At.
) 209 (1 a$@). ac i g i r / i ~ $ i r and the like, 11sual1~only of
evening dusk. Uyg. V I I I tf., Bud. kiin l i n e r
11 Inan- (lna:n-) ~ ~ f f ,l of ,
rely on (someone Dot.)'. S.i.a,m,l.g,, srIme-
cto trust,
-
ugurda . . i!lir ugllrdn at sunrise . . ., at
tinlcs for helic,.e (sntncthing duck' 7'1' 1' 8, 70-6: Civ. (in a calendar
.riirkii\.r1lff, $Ian. b u r x a n l a r k a l n a n t l m l z "f 4 . 0 . 1368) (the planet n'lercury) i ~ l r d e
tayHnttmlz have trusted a n d relied on kiiziiniir 'becornes girihle nt dusk' I'T V I I
prophets' (sic?, not *nuddhas- in M ~ ~ , I), Z Z : X a k . X I igir al-strdja "dusk', that is a
,-hrIas, 75+: uyg. v r l r ff, ~ ~ sizige d , mixture (istila!) of light and darkness; in
l n a n l p 'rclylng on you' U I I f 35,. 34; bu O g u z Imir K a ~ .I '>+.
s a v k a l n a n l P k b r t g i i n i i ~ trusting and D o n a r ~ i ~ t ~ iform b ~oft oi: n~; 'ten
~
belie\ving these words' USp. ~ o z b .27; 0.0. Sumives only(?) in N C I<zx. R 11043, some
do. roo, 8 ; liiien-ts. 206r: CiY,BZ kentilgke NW l a n ~ u a g e sand S W Osm. T i i r k t i V I I I ff.
lnangl1 'rely on yourself' TT I 40-1 ; O.O. Man, onar erke bit bir e r bag1
do. 80, log; see also I r a n - : X a k . sr m e n aga:r put one man head of each ten
l n a n d l m i'fonmdttr 'olayhi 'I relied o n him' O n a r ' l i '3.
Kaf, I zof, (Ina:nur (sic), lnanma:k); ya:y men' TT I' lo, 9I-" Xwar'
korkige: I n a n m a : 'do not trust or expect any 1) o n u r See on- KD.
good from (15 ta'tamid ma 16 fnrcrc .uaj.r) the
heauty of spring' 111 161, r : K O a n a n m a D iigiir apparently dcr. fr. 1 09, hut morpho-
m a g " 666; 0.0. 668, 2374: XIII(?)At. 6gim logicallv dificult. Survives in N C I<lr. SoUr
tCp Inatllp s i r r a y m a s a k m 'do llot tell a 'the skirt of a robe or coat; needlework on the
secret, saying "he is tny friend" and trusting front of a woman's dress; a dress thus orna-
him; keep it to yourself' 173; Tpj. Inan- 'to lnented'. and S\V Osni. Sgiir 'advanced,
heliere (in God)' I zg: G a g . xv ff. Inan- superior, eniinent'(R?d.); 'well educnted; (of an
bcrmr knrda7, 'to belieye in' s ~1 1~ ~ .animal) dotnrsticated'(S~~rrii);
5 ~ .17 in Rep. 'l'urkish
(,+,"tn.): X w n r . xlrl Inan- 'to I>clieve in' this is spelt o n u r (unless this is merely French
Ali 39: xrv I n a n - 'to trust' (this world) honner~r). Uyk. vrll ff. Civ. iq ngiirde
Qrdfb59: K o m . x ~ 'to v believe in' (God, etc. I s l r s a r 'if (a mouse) bites (a hnlc) in the inner
Dot.) m a n - C C I , C C G ; Gr. 273 (quotns;): skirt' . . . t a g Sgiirde l s l r s a r 'if it bites (a
KIP. srlr raddaqa rnirr ta:diqo7/-kal8m to hole) in the outer skirt' T T VII 36. 8-17:
believe, in the sense of believing a statement' p g . xv ff. a ~ f i r(spelt) glifa-i daman-i qabri
m a n - Hou. 41, 16: xlv I n a n - fnddoqa rua the corner of the skirt of n robe' Snn. 89r. l o
amatto 'to believe, trust' 111. 24: xv ditto Ttih. (quotn.).
22b. 7, a.o.0.: O s m . xv l n a n - 'to rely on (a
promise)' T T S 1 3 8 3 . iigiir D ~ N, ~ fr.
, iiD-; e t y I n o l o g ~ c a ~ ~ y
'something hollowed out', in practice usually
'cave' o r similar cavity. Survives usually as
Tris. A N N iiggiir or the like in N E Ttlv.; S E Tiirki
S ~ n a n q u : See lnanq. Slinm, BS, Jarring and NC Ktr., Kzs. Uyk.
vrrr ff. Man. i i g i i r l t ~ t e k i(spelt iinkii-) ye$
D ~ n a n c l ~ P.N.14.g fr. Inanv; 'reliable, o g j l n l a r 'devils anu demons in their caves'
trust\vorthy'. N.0.a.b.; the entry Gag. inanqlik T T I11 91 : X a k . X I tigiir nl-knhf 'cave' Knz.
(sic) in R I 1441 is not confirmed bv any other 94: K B b u a g z t g m i r 5 l l tigUr sanz t e g
Gag. authority. Uyg. IX ~ n a n q l ~III e C 7 this mouth of yours is just like a cave' (when
( E T Y 11 38; on the edge of a fragment; the words come out, it is like the chilly dawn
wind) 2684; ligtircle t u r u g l i 'living in a cavc' sentence ( y a g u r u k ~is also Hap. leg.) in a series
4766; iigiirde evi 6155: XIII(?)Tef. liglir of sentences describing the effectr of an evil
'cave' 339: X w a r . xrll fgiz (sic) 'hollow,cave' omen, and the meaning is uncertain. Uyg.
'Ali 47. no dotlht an error for this word: xiv vrrr ff. Civ. (the swan has flown away and does
UgUr 'cave' L)utb 123; Nahc. 292, 8 ; 342, 17. not settle on the lake; the child does not come
to its mother(?); your wife I S depressed)
D a w e : Den. Adj./Adv. fr. 1 6 9 ; used both of y a g u r u k ~igi iize k a p ~ g l gUgUrser [gap] u r
time and space, and implying hoth motion and perhaps 'if someone has your door broken
rest; in the earliest period apparently only as a through on his secret I>usine%s'T T Ir17-18.
cardinal point 'in the east, eastwards', later 'in
front, forwards; fornlerly', and (with a pre- VU(1)) agra:-11gra:- 'to whine, scream,
ceding Gerund or Abl.) 'before'. Cf. iigdiin. bellow', and the like; proh. Den. V. fr. an
N.0.a.b. Tiirkii vrrr Q r e : kiin tugsikda: 'in onomatopoeic *agrr/ig~r, the latter still
the east, where the sun rises' I E 4, 11 E 5; existing as an onomatopoeic for creaking or
ogre: 'in the east' 11 S 13; 10, 14, zo; (he grating sounds in some NE languages. There
killed many of the people) berye: T a v g a ~ i g is great inconsistency In the vocalization of this
(Igre: K ~ t a f i ~ylrya:
g Oguzig 'in the south verb and its derivatives; the R I S . of Kay. has
Chinese, in the east Icitans, in the north 1gra:-, Igrat:, igran- but agrag- mainly of
Okuz' T 7 ; ogre: kiln tugsiklga: Ongin 2: the female camel. S.i.a.m.l.g., in a wide variety
vrrr ff. Man. y6r tegri e r k e n o g r e 'before of forms, some with inserted velar -g-, some
earth and heaven existed' (J'httas. 162-3: Uyg. trisyllabic like NC aogira-, and some with
v r r ~agre: 'in the east' $u. N 6; S 7: V I I I ff. front vowels e- or I-. Xak. X I ingen Igrasa:
Bud. Sanskrit <an)ligatprirvnm 'not having botu: boz1a:r 'if the female camel calls
come previously' ngre:tin be:rii ba:rrna:tu- (bannot), the colt bellows (rag'r?) in reply' Kaf.
k u g T T V I I I A. r ; prtig bodhe 'before en- I 120, 18; n.m.e.: Gag. xv ff. 10ra-llgran-
lightenment' bodhisvinde:(?) ogre: do. D.5; (spelt) ndidan 'to lament', followed by a long
ptirwakarmwa 'like previous action' (i.e. action passage saying that the Ru'nzi author (i.e. Vel.
in a previous incarnation) ogre: a:junda:kt S.V. ~ g r a n - )spelt the word with front vowels
k l l ~ n q[gap] do. F.15; U 1123, 13-14 (1 6 : ~ ) ; quoting the Muhdkimatu'l-lgatayn which he
and many 0.0.: Xak. X I e r ogre: yattl: himself had not seen, but that in his ex-
irtalqri'l-mcul 'alti qaftihtr 'the man lay on his perience it had hack vowels San. 117r. 2
back' (i.e. face upwards) Kay. 111 378 (see (quotns.): Xwar. xlv igre-(-rnek etc.) 'to
tagre:). lament' Qutb 60; lgra-(-p) do. 206; VU lure-
ditto M N 376; Nahc. 73, 16 ( b o b ) : KIP.
S egrek See ergek. xv za'arn'l-asad (of a lion) 'to roar' VU
a g r a - Tuh. 18b. 6: O s m . xrv ff. agra-lrgra-
Dis. V. ANR- (sometimes spelt igre- in I and I I , but the
S egir- See egir-. Infirs. are all -rnak) 'to roar, bellow, howl,
etc. ;c.i.a.p. TTSZ29,386; 1140. 543; 11127;
1) o g a r - Caus. f. of *o~R:-(?), cf. ogal-; 'to zv 30.
make (someone or something Acc.) better, to
put (it) right'. S.i.m.m.l.g. UyR. vIlr ff. Bud. VUD agrat-llgrat- Caus. f. of agra:-/~gra:-.
b u r n u g u m u z n i a m t i k i l ~ n ctegrisi ogar- S.i.s.m.1. Xak. X I 01 an1 I o r a t t l : arannahu
z u n 'now let the god of action (i.e. Sanskrit rnina'l-ranin 'he made him moan, groan (etc.)'
karma, which operates to inflict retribution for K a g 11357 ( ~ g r a t u : r ,~ g r a t - m a : k ) : Xwar.
past misdeeds) relieve our distress' Suv. 7, x ~ v igret- 'to make (someone) lament'
11-rz; a.0. Ifiien-ts. Briefe, p. 30, note 1870, Qutb 60.
27: Xak. XI(?)Kaf. I 2 4 4 (&pel-): KB ked
bglIig k e r e k b e g o g a r s a Igi 'a beg must be VUD agran-llgran- Refl. f. of agra:-11gra:-
very intelligent if he is to manage his affairs and synonymous with it. S.i.s.m.l. Xak. XI
aright' 1989; t a p u g u g o g a r s a b u yagltg 1nge:n grand^: !~annati'l- nriqa wa g'ayruhu
klcig begige y a g u d i o g a r d ~kegig 'a youth Kay. I 289 (lgranu:r, 1granma:k): g a g .
like this, if he does good service, draws near Igren-(-dl) dard ile yap yap gizliice @La- 'to
to his beg and secures access to him' 4042; soh quietly for pain' Vel. 81 (quotn. Mtrhaki-
0.0. 1990, 3988. 4265, 5653: Gag. xvff. matu'l- hrg'atayn, giving this meaning for
o g a r - (spelt, ' w ~ t h-9-') rdst kordan kdr 'to put igremeklslgremek); q r a n - San. 117r. 2
a matter right', in Ar, ifabut Sun. 88r. 15: (see rgra:-) O s m . XIV ff. several occurrences
Xwar. xrv o g a r - to correct (someone)' of agran-/loran- are included underagra-/
Qutb I 17: Kip. xrv ogar- (with -9-) q a w a m a Igra- q . ~ .
gayrahu 'to set someone aright, to rectify'
id. 25 (this entry immediately follows that of VUD agrag-Iigrag- Co-op. f. of agra:-1
2 00- (on-), istaqritna, with the (erroneous) igra:- S.i.s.m.1. Xak. xr og1a:n agraqdl:
implication that it is the Caus. f. of that Verb): (sic) adiyati'l-fibydn 'the boys were hurt' (sic,
OSm. xlv ff. o g a r - 'to improve, correct, put i.e. screamed) Kag. 1289 (agragu:r, a g r a t -
on the right road'; c.i.a.p. TTS I 543; 11729; rna:k, sic in MS.); saqlrp suvr: agragu:r
111554; I V 608. (?, alif unvocalized) 'their (the clouds') water
pours down and makes a noise and murmur'
D iiglir- Hap. leg.; if authentic presumably (rawt wa xarir) 1258, 4; a k l n a k a r agragu:r
Caus. f. of ilg-, but it occurs i l l a very obscure 'the torrent flows with a groaning plaintive
sound' (bi-onin rua hanin) 111 39, 15; (Irdl: Tef. a g r u r a k bnrdr 'went forward' 55: Gag.
bulrt rgragu: (sic) 'the cloudr rose noisily' xv ff. n a r l ote in the meaning which it has in
(zacld') I11 398. 24: Xwar. xrrr igreg- (sic?) andan otelandon agaru 'beyond that' Vel. 390
'to weep to~ether''Ali 47. (quotn.); nnr1 (spelt) dn fnmf 'in that direc-
t ~ o n '(quotn.); n a r ~ r n kdn {araffar 'further
on in that direction' Son. gzr v. r r : Kom. X I V
T r i s . ANR a r r 'onwards, tuwards' CCI, CCG; 7. qr
1) agaru:/lgaru:/rnaru: Directive f. of a n - (quotns.): Kip. urv a/-ha'i~f ntbta'l-fny Infir
(01); ctyrnologically 'up to that (time or place)' ilnylti 'further than the thirlc at nliicli you
but from an early period used R P a Postposn. point' a n g a r u (and 'nearer than it towards
w. the Abl. meaning '(from then or there) you' berii:) Btrl. 14, 7: xv (too minn'l-ijdm
onwards (to some indefinite point in space or and of the demonstratives li'l-qnrib ay hund
time)'; it therefore became associated anti- for 'near, that is here' b e r i arid) li'l-bn'id ay
thetically with bkrii: meaning 'on that side, hundko for 'far, that is there' a r i Trrh. 4za. lo:
there', as opposed to 'on this side, here'. T h e O s m . xrv ff, a n a r u at any rate till xvt/agaI+l
phonetic history is complicated; the parallel fr. xvr onwards (I) 'on that side, beyond' (as
form with I- is normally spelt lnaru: (the only opposed to berii), (2) as Postposn. after Abl.
occurrence of ~ n g a r u :seems to be in Uyg. 'beyond, on the other side of', of place and
vrrr); in Xak. the only fonn seems to be rarely of tirne; c.i.a.p. T T S 1 2 4 ; 1I 33; 111
naru: (agaru in KB 6110, Vienna MS., 19; IV 21.
is a false reading) arid this survives in S E
Turki, Show (nari) B$ (nPri), Jarring D ogaru: Ilirective f. of 1 00: 'towards the
(narilnerl), and S C Uzb. (nari); a g a r u right (side)'. Survives only in some NE lan-
(later agarl) still survives in S W Tkm. a g r l guages, R I 1028 (various forms) and Khak.,
and xx Anat. a n a r r S U U roo, but elsewhere Bas. 126, whcre it sometiriles tncans 'right (not
the word has been abbreviated; in N E the wrong)'. Uyg. vrrr ff. I3ud. (the eniblcms on
fonns arc a n a r / ~ n a r / o n a r / a : r and
~ even a:r your head-dress) ogaru evrilrp t u r u r l a r 'are
(cf. the Khak. ~ h r a:r . be:r); in S E Turki turned to the right'; o g a r u tegzinmek k111p
Sharc has ar1 as well as n a r l : in N C the forms. 'making a turn to the right' U 11 41, 17.
often with rhyming forks of berii, are D 6gre:ki: N.1A.S. fr. ogre:; 'previous', rtc.
ar/arl/eri and in NW arJa:rl. Tiirkii VIII N.0.n.b. Tiirkii vrrl T 17 (beryeki:): Uyg.
(let us make an expedition eastwards against vrrr ff. Uud. tigreki bilge: ba:xqrla:r 'wise
the Turku .ragan) agaru: sii:lemeser 'if we teachers of old times' T T VIII H.4; a.0. do.
do not march in that direction' T 20: Uyg. A.16: Civ, ogreki Pl(1)igler 'former kings'
vIIr Tiirkii bodun anta: ~ n g a r u :(sic) yok T T 1 9 3 ; (take one in ten from these stones
bold^: 'the Tiirkii people from that time on- and) 6gre:ki ta:gka: k a t 'add them to the
wards ceased to exist' $11. N lo: ~ 1 1ff. 1 previous stone' T T VIII L.17.
Man.-A a z innru b a r m l q 'he went a little
further' M I 35, 4 and 12: Man. m u n t a d a Dls. A N S
l n a r u 'from now onwards' 1 V 111 25, 9 (iii); P U iges Hap. leg.; Xak. xr a man who is
slzinte rnaru qeqilip 'being parted(?) from constantly glancing right and left, as if he were
YOU' do. 25, 11 (iii): Bud. (not very far)
a stranger (a'canti) is called iges kiql: Kaj. I
m u n d a I n a r u 'from here' U IV 16, 156; 94 (sic, listed under -S).
l n a r u berii a n d a m u n d a 'that way and this,
here and there' Suv. 625, to; berii . . . l n a r u D ngslz I'riv. N./A. fl-. 1 a g ; lit. 'without
U I I I I , 10-1 I :b u kiinde l n a r u 'from this day understanding'; later it came to mean (I)
forward' U 111 65, 2-3 (ii); Hiien-ls. so; 0.0. 'without understanding, ignorant, stupid',
T T 17111 :1.46 (anta:da:); do. N.1 I ; PP 37, (2) '\vithout thinking', hciicc eithcr 'sudden,
4-5 (ogdiin)-agaru also occurs, but much suddenly' or 'niechanically'. S.i.a.m.l.g. except
less often, and has hitherto been misread NE.Uy9. v111ff. Bud. (you completely refuted
agoyu; (Tripitnka Acarya) y a n t u t beleg hirn) b u y e m e agsrz uyatip u t s u k u p 6zin
beklep a g a r u I n a n p r a b l a q a r ~ k a bitig bilindi 'and he admitted himself to be without
k11d1 'packed up a return gift and further- understanding, put to shame and defeated'
more composed a letter to Jiilnaprabha .
Hiien-ts. 1802-3; (I will make alI the rivers .'.
A c ~ r y a Hiien-is. 1859-60; o.o., normally .
trees. . .'plants.. agslz kortle seviigliig ...
meaning 'furthermore, thenceforward', in note 'unbelievably(?) beautiful, lovely' (agreeably
on that passage (Hiien-is. Briefe, p. 28); Strv. coloured, fragrant, etc.) SIIV. jz9, 11: Gag.
28. I I ; 45, I I : Civ. b u kiinde s n a r u USp. xv ff. a g s ~ z / a ~ s r z (spelt)
~n ( I ) hi-'aql wa
88, 23; 107, 8 (and. with k u n I 16, r I): Xak. nd-firham 'without intelligence and under-
xr naru: a particle (!rurf) meaning of-ciha standing' (quntn.), (2) tit-gah8tr wo idfil
'direction'; hence one says naru: b a r 'go in 'suddenly and'una\vares' Son. szr. 3: X w a r .
that direction' Kag. I11 223; 0.0. 1 199, 6 xlv anslztn suddenly' Q~rtb 8; a ~ s u z u n l
(atrn-: translated &iliha'i-c6nib 'in that direc- agstzda ditto do. 9: K o r n . xrv 'suddenly'
tion'); 1 3 5 2 , 13(tmnslated l)a'd~rltr~ 'thereafter'); ansteln CCG; Gr. 38 (rluot~~.): KIP. xrv
I1 140, 19; 193. 5: K B b u kiinde n a r u 597;. a n s l z (sic) al-2afI11 'suddenly, unawares' Id,
m u n ~ g d an a r u 'from here onwards' 4070; 24: O s m . xrv ff. 'suddenly' in several fonns,
(there is also a N./A.S., e.g. m u n i g d a riaruki xrv agsuz/agsuzda; xv a g s u z ~ n / a g s ~ z d a ;
, . . yo1 'the road froni here on' 4876): ~ I I I ( ? ) xvr anslz 1'7's I 30; I1 41 ; 111 2 8 ; 11' 31.
 ANZ
D Ogsllz Priv. N./A. fr. 2 6g; n.0.a.b. Uyg. ff. Bud. iintigllig yolug tUz b l g ~ n t a $ ! I
YIII
VIII ff. Man. (then that realm, city, or country levelling(?) the rising road' Suv. 244, 21-2.
becomes) Bgsiiz rneglz[siz k i i ~ l s i i zkiisiin-
s u z 'colourless, unbeautiful, and powerless Dis. ANY
(Hend.)' M I11 37, 16-17 (i). 1 oga:y basically 'easy', hence, later, 'ea3y to
get, i.e. cheap'. S.i.a.m 1.g. (in SW only 'Ikrn.;
Dis. V. ANS- in Osm. 'easy' is kolay, not an old word) w.
D 6nse:- Hap. leg.; llesid. f. of en-. Xnk. X I many phonetic changes, e.p. NE ogdayl
e r kutii:dln Cnae:di: 'the Inan intended and ogdoy, Khak. o:y; NC Klr. lggay/rgtay/
desired to descend (yantil) from the roof' ogoylogtoy. Uyg. vrIr fT. Civ. (after a
prescription for difficult parturition) ogay
(etc.); the - n - is changed (n~trbdala)froln - I -
Kas. I 278: knse:r, 6nse:rne:k). t u g u r u r 'she gives birth easily' H I 118: xrv
Chi71.-Uyf. Dict. i 'easy' (Giles 5,497) ooay
Dis. AN$/ Ligeti 187; R I 1026: Xak. xr K ~ J I . 41
(2 og); n.m.e.: K B l u l i n ~ lkbni e r d i k11k1
D dnig N.Ac. in - 8 fr. dn-; 'descent', and ogay 'his conduct was upright and his charac-
sometimes as a Conc. N. 'declivity, down- ter easy' 407; similar phr. 325, 674; a y ~ t m a k
slope'. S.i.m.n~.l.g.Xak. xi KB dnlg 'descent' ogay bold1 'it was easy to ask questions'
$,fairly common, usually in antithesis to a&$ 1907: (xrrr(?) At. ogayltk 'easy to do' 237):
rlse' 903, 1050, 1087 (agiq), etc.: srv M~rh. Gag. xv ff. ogay iki kot olur 'folded double'
al-hud~ir'slope, dcclivity' h i $ Me[. 74, 13; (quotn.); waqqiya 'ounce' (quotn.) Vel. 120:
Rif., 177 (mis-spelt): Kom. xrv 'valley, de- ongay (spelt) arzdn wa pahd-i andak 'cheap.
clivlty enig C C I ; Gr.: KIP. XIII al-hadora low priced' (second quotn.); the 'two R h i
'declivity' (opposite to 'acclivity' yokug) dnig authors' spelt it ogay and translated it 'ounce',
Hou. 6, 15: x ~ vBnig al-hudur (and the oppo- quoting the same sentence; Nafiri followed
.
site is yokuq 01-~a'tid) . . dnig al-nuztil them and also invented (sdxta) the meaning
'descent' Id. 24: xv hadara Cnl$ Tuh. 12b. I I ; 'folded in two' Son. 89r. 2 (Vel.'s spelling is
a.0. ma. I (a&). the better but San.'s translation clearly right;
D iinilg Dev. N, fr. Iln-; survives only(?) in 'ounce' may be some muddled recollection of
NE Tuv. Iiniig 'plant, crop'; it is doubtful Latin uncia; 'folded double' is inexplicable).
whether this word has been correctly read in VU 2 ogay 'the planet Jupiter'; possibly, like
the text below; in most late Uyg. scripts Uniig some other names of stars in KB, a I.-w.; the
and 6rIig are practically indistinguishable, and phr. for 'Jupiter' in Kaf. is kara: kug. Ogay
6rUg would seem to suit the context better. reappears in $S 42 translated miiJteri, bircir,
Uyg. vtr1 ff, Bud. (until those who hold this both 'Jupiter'; it is not known where $5' found
dhdrani) iiniig (?6rii$) yolka tegginge 'reach this word. In SW xx Anat. Bngay (nc) 'Jupiter'
the rising road' Suv. 361, 5-6. SDD I I 11. Xak. X I K B anzgda b a s a keldi
iking ogay 'after him came Jupiter in the
. AN$:
D ~ SV. second place' 132.
D dnig- Hap. leg.; Rccip. f. of Cn-. Xak. XII
01 m e n i g birle: ta:gdln 4nlgdi: bdrdni T r i s . ANY
0'1-nuztil tnina'l-cabal 'he raced me down the E agayu See agaru:.
mountain' Kq. I 190 (dnigU:r, 6nlgme:k,
MS. in error -ma:k). E bneyii See E one:-.
S egl$- See egig-. VU(D) Bge:yiik Hap. leg.; Den. or Dev.(?)
N./A. but not ohviously connected w. an
D unag- (ma:$-) Recip. f. of una:-; 'to reach known meaning ofiig or lig-. Xak. XI 8ge:yliE
n satisfactory agreement (about something (sic in MS.) ne:g al-gay'u'l-xds~ bi'l-jav', wa
Ace.)'. Survives only(?) in SE Tiirki, Skatu, klrll gay x u s ~ nbihi'l-raculfa-hrtua lahrr 6ge:yiik
BS., and NC Krt. Xak. xr bu I:$@ ola:r 'anything xvhich is peculiar to something else';
k a m u g unagd1:la:r tarddnw hido"/-amr 'they and anything which is the private property(?)
all reached a mutually satisfactory agreement of someone is called his oge:yiik Kay. I 162.
about this affair' Kaf. I 190 (unn:$u:rla:r,
unagma:k). ?Einiyrgu:n See ini:.
D liglig- Hap. leg.; Co-op. f. (in the sense of Dis. ANZ
total action) of iig-. Tlirkii ~ I I ff.
I (a falcon a91z 'a stubble-field'; later perhaps also
swooped on a hare, but just missed it; the 'stubble'. Survives in N C Klr. and S W Osm.
falcon's tnlona were skinned and) tavrggan and xx Anat. (Tlirkli vrrr ff. Yen. it is un-
teri:si: iigU:giipen yilg0:rU: barmi:$ 'the likely that the reading aglzga: in Mal. 48, 6
hare ran off with its skin thoroughly lacerated' is correct): Xak. xr aglz al-cill, wa h u r c ~
Irk B 44. sriqu'l-burr rua gayrihi ba'damz hufidu 'a field
of wheat or other (cereals) after it has been
T r i s . ANQ reaped' Kaf. I 94: Gag. xvff. a012 (spelt,
D ilniigliig Hap. leg.?; I'.N./rZ. fr. iiniig, 'wtth -9-') mahall-i zirz'at ki [~dril-iI n triza
q.v.; prob, a misreading of hriigliig. Uyg. raf' fudu wa xdfdk-i En bar mmin mdnda
 nrs. A N Z
b+d 'arable land from which the crop has :][I(?) At. e r (spelt erlh) is common; Tef.e r
recently been reaped and the stuh1)le left on man, fighting men' 78: srv Af11h. rncrcl e r
the ground' Son. 52r. 7: Osm. srv ff. agtz is Mpl. 6, 16; Ri/. 78, a.o.0.; ol-zarrc 'husl~and'
used in several dicts. tc, trn~lslate<\r. and Pe. 4:r 49, 10; 144 (tllc word is spelt both rr and
words, nlost of which nlearl 'stubble' rather h r , the latter conitnoncr): Gag. xv IT. Br rr
than 'a stuhl~lefield' 7'T.S 1 2 8 ; 1139; 11126; ya'ni nrard 1'rI. j j ; 6rleren (spelt) inard
I i729. (quotr~.w. Bretl); and mctaph. k d d a innrdGrr
'free men' (quotn. w. firen) Snit. 9yr. 16:
Xwnr. ~ I I I ( ?e )r (usually spclt Pr. OIICC, 314.
?yPr) occurs several times in Of.: x ~ ev r 'man'
a:r 'ai~hurn, bay (coloured)'; pec. to Kay.;
Qutb 21, 57 ( P r ) : K o m . xrv 'man, ninlc, hus-
pract~callvsyn. w., and ~ e r h a p sa Sec. f. of
o:r. Xak. X I a:r bori: a/-dahtc' 'hyaena' \,and' e r C C I , C C C ; Cr. 89 (quotn.): KIP.
~ I I al-rocrrl
I e r IIorr. 24, 17: xrv ditto fd. 9:
(verse); a:r ne:g 01-larcnrc'l-ofhob 'auburn or
xv ditto Kav. j9, 14; Trch. r6b. 7; zaruc e r
bay colour', also called arsl:l (sic in $15.) Ttrh. r 71, 12 (a.o.0.). : O s m . xrv ff. e r usually
bi'l-ziydda 'with a suffix' Kaj. 1 7 9 . 'husband', les5 often 'man, fighting man',
1 e r 'man', originally merely 'a human male', c.i.a.p. T T S 1 2 7 0 ; I1 387; 111256; I V 300.
later in such specialized meanings as 'male S 2 6:r See y6:r Xak.
(not fernale); a fighting rnan; husband'. See
eren. S.i.a.n~.l.~. Tiirkii vrrr tBrilip yetmlg 1 I:r (or t r ? ) 'song'. T h e prosthetic y- in
e r bolmrg 'when they assembled, they be- Uyg. and Xnk. is clearly secondary, as in other
came seventy men' I E 12, I1 E I I ; i n i m Kiil words like ~rrr:k,since ncarly all modern lan-

I
TBgin e r a t b u l t ~ :'my younger brother Kiil guages which convert y- to j- have I r ; sur-
TCgin received his adult name' I E 31 (er a t , vives in NE Khak., Tuv. I r ; NC I h x . I r ;
fairly comtnon in early epitaphs, was the name N W Kumyk, Nog. y l r ; SIV Osm. i r ; only
given to, or assumed by(?), a man when he NC Ktr., NW I<k. have j l r ; in some modern
grew up, in place of his childhood's name, languages also 'tune, epic, folk-tale', etc. See C,
which is seldom mentioned); ei(1)ig~e: e r 1r1a:-. Uyg. vlrr ff. Bud. l r l n oyunln l r l a y u
t u t d t m l z 'we captured about fifty (fighting)
men' T 42: V I I I ff. e r 'a nian', often qualified,
e.g, bay e r 'a rich man', is common in IrkB 5,
bodiyu 'singing their songs and dancing their
dances' T1' X 1~~-5-y1rtg taglayu 'ad-
miring the song' PP 71, 3: Xak. X I y l r
!
7, etc.; b e g e r do. 5 therefore presumably al-tint' 'a song'; one says y l r ytr1a:dl: 'he
means rncrely 'a beg': Man. 01 tiiziin e r 'that sang a song'; this is generally used of love songs
good nian' M I 5 , 12; 6, 20; a.0. T T II 10,
91-2 (onar): Yen. e r and e r a t are fairly com-
mon hfal. 26, 3 etc.; 26, 13 etc.: Uyg. VIII
e r '(fi~hting)man' is common in Sir. B 4, 10,
11, 12, etc.: I X o g l a n l m erde: m a r l m l n q a :
(al-$azal); and one can also say Ir, initial alif
being substituted (for yd') Kay. 111 3 ; yl:r
a[-faza! run'!-iiird' 1x1 143; 0.0. I I 14, 9
(kog-); 135. 19 (kogul-); 111 131, 4 (2 ku:g):
srv Mlrh. 01-gind' yl:r Me/. 63, 4 ; Rif. 161:
I!
Ir

I
bol 'my sons, when you grow to manhood(?), Gag. xv ff. ylr xnuGnandagi wn ramt-i dhang
become like my teacher' Strci 9 (but the correct s~nging, melndious sound' San. 349r. 22:
6 .

reading of Strci 7 is m a r l m a : yiizer toru:g K o m . xrv 'song' Ir CCI, C C G ; Gr. 273

b e r t i m 'I gave my teachers a hundred bay (cluotn.): KIP. xlv 1r ('with front vowel', sic)
horses each', not yuz e r t u r u g 'a hundred Id. 10: O s t n . xrv ff. lr (once, xrv ylr) 'song',
ruen and a dwelling'): v ~ r rff. hTan.-A e r l i c.r.a.p. T T S 1 3 5 1 ; I1 498; 111342; I V 393:
uzuntonluglt: 'men and women' M I 16,
15-16; n e e r s e n 'what n u n are you?' 144 I
xv111 Ir in Rtinri, ncrlid 'song' Son. 99r. 20.
V U 2 I r Hap. leg.; prob. a mere onolnato-
E
33, 19: hlan. Inqa k a l t l e r 'just as a man' (who
blows into a bladder) I17inrl. 23: Bud. e r both poeic, hut there may be some conncction with
by itself and with a qualifying Adj. or Noun, rlr. 'dr 'shame', much used in some later
e.g. beg e r 'a beg', avq1 e r 'a cook' is com- Turkish languages. See I r r a . X a k . X I I r harf
mon; in T T VIII 0 . 2 0 the translation of yukitd bilri 'ani'l-!tach 'a particle alluding to
Sanskrit bharteva 'like a husband' is very shanie'; hence one says e r 1r boldl: I~acila'l-
tentatively read he:re t e g : Civ. e r kiqi e r -racul 'the man was ashamed' Kaj. I 36. I

1
islge ked bolayln t 6 s e r 'if a man wishes
to become sexually ~ o t e n t 'II I 75; a l t t e r VU 1 i:r 'awl, drill'; n.0.a.h. Uyg. vlrrff.
k o m i i r b o r l u k u m n t 'my vineyard in which Bud. o t l u g ir 'a fire-drill' U I1 1 0 , 22: Xak.
XI i:r al-nrilqah 'a drill' Kay. I 45.
six men (are required) for digging' USp. 1 3 , 4 ;
:1
a.o.0. (but it1 do, 22. 5 (xrv) the correct read- S 2 ir See 1 ytr. I
ing is h a r (Pe. I.-w., not er) b i r k i ~ 'every
i
single man'): 0. Klr. rx ff. e r and e r a t are o:r a word used to describe the colour of an
common Mal. 2, 3 etc. j z, 5 etc.: Xak. XI e r animal's coat, the meaning varying from lan-
01-roc111 'nmn'; yrtcmn e r e n tun hddd $ddd guage to language. Survives in N E Tel. o r
li-annn sirnatn'l-corjr' -1a:r 'plural e r e n ; this 'greyish' R I 1047; NC Kzx. o r 'dark rcddy

-
is irregular because the sign of the plural is
-1a:r' Kay. 1 5 . very common in Kay. KB
e r a t bold, i ~ ~ l kea rn a t ~yiigi 'tnen and
brown' R I 1047; MM 262. Two words ending
in -z have been entered here, since no such
words with this meaning have been noted
horsea are the wings nnd feathers of begs' 3005; elsewllere. See a:r. Xnk,. X I o:r a t faras
e r a t 'troops' 2138; and many 0.0. of e r : ha~*~ia'l-ngqrrr
ton'/-krrniayt :I horse ~vitha coat
 M O N . V. A R -
between chestnut and hay' Krry. 1 45: xrv Nalrc. 160, 16; 161, 1 : Korn. X I V a r m a y l n
M u h . ( ? )(in the list of colours of horsc's coats) 'untiring' CL'(;; Gr. 39 (quotn.): KIP. X I I I
a/-samand 'dun' o:r (spelt o:z) Rif. 17 r (only): ol-ta'b a r m a k liou. 27, 14; ta'iha a r - do. 34,
Klp. xrv a z (sic) al-asjnr minn'l-xojl '(of a 12: X I V a r - ('with back vowel') ra'iba Id. 9 ;
horse) yellow' Id. 1 2 (prol,. an error for o:r or m'iba o r - (sic?) n~ll.37r.: xv ta'iho a r - Tuh.
a:r but entered under a/$-zay). gb. 6 ; 'ayja (yorul-; in margin) a r - ?ha. 13:
O s m . x ~ vff. a r - 'to be tired, exhausted',
1 6:r 'height, high, high ground'; N.!A. c.i.a.p. TTS 1 42; 11 52 (arr-), 55; I11 38;
homophonous with 1 6:r- hut perhaps not IVqr.
connected since the exact connotation is
slightly different. Not noted before the medie- 2 a:r- 'to deceive, trick'. 'I'he suggestion in
val period, hut older since it is the basis of Ifiien-tr. Bricfe, p. 29, note 1867 of a con-
6rle:-, orlet-. S.i.a.m.1.g. except SE. Gag. nection with ara: is unconvincing; some
xv ff. 6 r k / o r ('with 6 - , not u-') yokuy z'e remote connection with 1 a:l is possible.
yokartr 'high ground, upwdrds' VeI. 102 N.0.a.b.; replaced by aha:-. T u r k t i V I I I
(quotn., the first form due to a tnisunderstand- sitqlg s a w n y ~ m q a k a g l n a m p 'tricking
irig of the Lint. orke); o r ( I ) btrlarrdi 'high (people) with their honeyed words and
ground' (quotns.); (2) n~etaph.,tarnj-i bdld-yi luxurious treasures' I S 5; I1 N 4: Uyg.
db ma sanrt-i ruazidan-i nasirfr 'upstream, up- vrlr ff. Man.-/\ (the hurnarr body is created
wind' S a ~ t 70".
. 18. entirely) teven kiiriin a r m a k a n a z g u r -
m a k a n 'by tricks (&lend.) and deceit (Ilend.)'
VU 2 6:r 1l;tp. leg. Xak. X I ii:r('witli a f y n t M III 9, r I - - I (ii);
~ a.o. do. 29, 5 (ii) (1 yov-):
vowel') nra/rallrr'l-xd~iratayn mina'l-qabd' the Bud. U I 1 7 7 , 2 6 ; 86,43, T T I V 10, 5 ( l YOV-);
waist of a robe' Kay. 145. ,SUV.135, ~o(eziigle:-):Xak. xr 01 an]: a:rdl:
gorralru 'he deceived him' Kaf. 1 172 (a:ra:r,
1 iir 'a long time, a period extending far into a:rma:k); a r d ~ (sic): senl: kt:z 'the girl de-
the past'. Survives only in NE Ka$., Koib., ceived you' (xada'atka) 1412, 21 ; a.o. III 62, 3
Kiier., Sag. R I 1824; I<hsk. and Tuv. (1 yov-): K B m k n i a r d ~dunyS 'the world
T t i r k u vrll ff. Man. iirke uziiksiiz e m g e t i r - deceived me' I 172.
b i z '(if) for a long time continuously we cause
pain' (to the light of the five gods, etc.) Ckuas. 1 e r - 'to be' (something, somewhere, etc.),
315: Uyg. vrrr ff. Man.-A M 1119, 6 (ugrk); necessarily accompanied by a Predicate; it can-
do. 25, 11 (i): Dud. kiiden iir t u r s a r yara- not be used by itself to mean 'to exist' (for
m a z 'if a guest stays a long time it is in- which see ba:r), but is often used as an Aux. V.
convenient' PP 69, 3. after Participles, etc. of other verbs. In the
earliest period it was conjugated completely,
S 2 tir See iiyiir. but the -r- began to be elided fairly early,
and after that the tenses formed by attaching
suffixes with initial vowels became obsnlete
Mon. V. AR- and were replaced t,y the corresponding tenses
1 a:r- 'to be tired, exhausted, weak', some- of bol-101- in some languages and 1 t u r - in
times with implication of weakness for lack of others. However, some tenses, usually without
food (cf. nruk). S.i.a.m.1.g.. often in a length- the -r-, s.i.a.m.1.g. T h e unusual very early
ened fnrnm a r l - / a m - . 'Tiirkii vrrrff. e r Gerunds(?) e r k i , e r k e n , e r i n c are listed
sllke: barmi:$ yolta: at!: armi:g 'a man separately. Tiirkii vlrr; vllrff including
went on an expedition; on the way his horse F n . and Yen. e r - , 'to be', and as Aux. V.,
l~ecsme exhausted' I r k B 35; a.o. do. 17 is very common: Uyg. vlrl; vlrr ff. Man.-A,
(3 69): Uyg. vlrr ff. Bud. yBrlerig kezip Man., Bud., Civ. ditto; in TT V l l l spelt e r -
a r t p 'traversing places and hecoming tired' or, less often, e:r- never Br- : e:se:r(forerse:r)
U 11120, 5 (i); nrltl a r m a d l 'he did not be- occurs once: Xak. XI 01 anda:& erdi: kadd
come at all tired' U I V 22, 273: Xak. xr e r kana 'he was thus' Kaf. I 164 (erii:r, erme:k);
a : r d ~ :'the man (etc.) \\,as weak' ('ayya) Koy. 8.0.0.: KB ditto: n~rr(?)At. ditto.; Tef. err-l6r-
I 172 (a:ra:r, a:rma:k); al~rnljgkorii: ditto 78: xrv Muh. kana i:di: and also erdi:;
a r m a d l : (sic) 'when he saw a creditor, he was md kdna 'it was not' yo:k erdi: and also
not so tired (that he could not avoid him)' I deyii:l i:di: Mel. 19, 16; Rif. 99 (the alter-
1 4 9 ~ 2KB : (I have made this long journey and native translations suggest that, in Mrih.'s
come to you) e m g e p h a m a r t u k a r l p 'in terminology, e r - mas the fonn used in
pain and very weary' 837; a r l p kal- 'to be Turkistan, i.e. late Xak. and i:- the form used
tired and lag behind' 3702-3: XIII(?)At. (the in 'our country', i.e. early Az.); it is added that
miser) a r m a z o s a n m a z b o l u r 'does not get most tenses of 'to be' are supplied by bol-,
tired or dfspondent (piling up money)' 309; er-/i:- surviving only in some: Gag. xv ff.
T P ~a.r - to get tired' 5 s : xrv Muh. ta'iba some individual forms, Prdi, etc., are listed in
'to he tired' a:r- Mel. 24, 5; Rif. 106; al-ta'b, Vel. 50-4 and translated idi, etc.; 'to he' is not
n:rmak 34, 10; 1x9: Gag. xv ff. a r - (-dl, listed as a Verb in Salt., but various forms like
etc.) yorul- 'to be tired' VeI. 11-12; a r - Qrdi, Pdi are listed among the Nouns: Xwar.
xasta gudan 'to become tired'; also pronounced xr11 6r- 'Ali 27, 6- do. 35: xrrr(?) Br- 'to be'.
h a r - San. 3 3 v 8; h a r - xasta con mztida gridan and as Aux. V. is common in Og.: X I V Pr- is
'to become tired and exhausted' do. 323'. common, Qurh 51; M M 66, etc.: Kom. xrv
24 (quotna.): X w a r . xlv or- ditto Qrrfh lo; e r - and more often e - occurs in CCI, CCG
H
 V. A R -
in various fonnq listctl at Icncth in Gr. 89- y a l l r t n n k o ~ z t nu z u n iidiin k n t i j i l a n t n a k l a r i
qo: K i p . sr11 iili: (~)arti;~lly c ~ ) t ~ j u c n t c dis) n iize ' i r ~ their Ionc-crrr~tin~rc~l cli'cirtr to carry
'I'urkish n o r d (1nJ;o) cnl-rcspnndit~(:to krittn c,ut tlir t:iuks (prrrcril)rrl) in t l ~ c Jitakas
Ilorr. 50, I I ff.: XI^ (under 'oltf ;tlone') idi: w i t h o ~ t pcttiilr
t bored or n a u r a t c d ' Stro. 235,
Incatis both arraln 'to send' (see I:@-) and 10-12: X a k . X I e r i:rdl: ir~nrcl~nfa'l-rurtrl, cucr
krirrn; in tlie first scnse it I S conjugated 11t1r~7n111ir1qiI/ntr'l- ~rr~r'~irr(rsa 'the nxln 111nped
(rnnta~arrofa), but ill the scconrl only in the for lack of cotnpnriy' Kap. I I 72 ( 2 i:r- follows) :
I'erf. (01-vrlrr<li)td. 7 : xv there arc three fornls KU t a p u g k n y a k t n t u t m a g s I r r n e d i n
(Itrfo) for kcinn & d l , idi:, -di: k'au. 27, 19(with 'keep close to me in my service without heing
exa~nples);idl, etc. are common in Ttrh. bored' 592; ( I have been very folid of you, but)
i r e r s e n m P n i 'you are bored with ine' 714;
2 Qr-'to reach, arrive; to meet(?)'. T h i s verb 0.0. 697, 5671, 6628 (yalk-): X w a r . xlv I r -
is \\.ell established in several medieval lan- 'to be bored' Qtcfb 60: KIP. xiv i r - ('with a
guages and s u n i v c s in SW Osm., Iwt in the front vowel') dacara 'to Ire bored' Id. 10.
early period is so overshadowed hy 1 e r - that
it is difficult to identify, particularly since its 2 i:r- 'to triakc a notch, o r breach, in (sonie-
I'erf. can hardly he distinguished from that of thing .4cc.)'. Very rare, n.o.n.h., ;rlmoqt syn.
e r t - . I n the early period there is a phr. e r - w. 1 o t - 'to pierce' and iig- 'to hollow out'.
b a r - nhich seems t o mesn 'to hchavc in an Cf. i:ril-. X o k . X I 01 t a : m i:rdi: 'he tnnde
independent, insubordinate fashion', and can :I Ixeach (!alorrtn) in the \rail' K a ~ . I I 72
hardly he an idrom of 1 e r - . In this sense it (i:re:r, 1:rme:k): K1p. s l v i r - oz(i1a ' t o cause
may he the hasis of e r k , q.v.; the snlue mean- to \\-:111e'( ? ,s r e i:rll-) !,I. t o ,
ing scclns to survix-c in N\V Kop. e r i i v (a
Nog. Infin. form) 'frecclon~,liberty', ant1 NW o : r - 'to niolv (grass, cet,), to rcnp (crops)', and
Kk. e r - 'to f o l l o ~ to ~ ; meet; t o amuse oneself' tlic like. S.i.a.11i.l.g.; not always easy to
is also cont~ected. See 1 Q r t i i r - , 1 Criq-. distinguish fr. ur- in written texts, hut 1x1s
T u r k u V I I I t e m i r k a p ~ g k a : Q r t i m i z 'we lotlg 0:- and Aor. o:ra:r. X a k . xr 01 o:t
reached the Iron Gates' T 45 (not from ert-, (sic, in error) o:rdl: qala'a'l-hugif 'he cut the
which occurs as e r t ( t ) i m i z and e r t u : in T 4 4 ) grass'; also used when one rcaps a cereal
-Karluk b o d u n e r u : r b a r u : r e r i k l i : y a g i : crop (!tosnda'l-zar'), etc. Kay. I 172 (o:ra:r,
boltl: 'the I<arluk people, behaving in a n in- o : r m a : k ) ; same phr. I 14, 11; 11145, 4: K R
dependent fashion, hecame hostile' I N I ; 1393 ( 2 o t ) : G a g . xv ff. o r - ( - a r , etc., with
the same phr. ~ v i t h~ U I J S I 'careless,
Z thought- o-') hir- 'to cut, reap' 1Jrl. 103-4 (quotns.);
less' inserted after b o d u n IZ E 29; xaganxga: o r - (by implication 'with 0-') dirarc Izardan 'to
e r r n i q barn119 e d g u : elige: kentii: yagrltrg reap' Son. 66v. 21 (qucrtns.); X w a r . xlv o r -
'you misbehaved against your xn&w~and your 'to reap' QrrtB 118: Kip. s v !to~ja 'to mow'
independent(?) good realm' I E 23. I1 R 19: Ttrh. 1313. 9.
V I I I tf. a d ~ k l l :togu:zli: n:rt uze: sokuqmi:q ur- distinguishable from o:r- by its short
ern1i:q 'a bear and a hoar met (Zlend.) one rvmrl and Anr. u r u : r ; c.i.a.)>.:l.l. 1;rotn thc
another on o mountoin ridge' I r h R 6: Uyg. earliest period it hnti two distinct rticeninga
vtlr [gap e r ] t n i $ b a r m i 5 [gap] $11. N 2 ; linkcd by the. fnct that l>ntli involve use of the
3.0. dc). P .' 2 (yip?:) V I I I ff. h1:in.-I\ I 14, nrnls; ( I ) 'to piit ( s o m c t l l i ~ tArr.,
~ [in s o ~ n e -
12-14 (ogul): Bud. e r i i e r u t~anslating thing L)nf. or Lor.)'; (2) 'to strike (someone o r
Chinese rhieit 'gradually' (Gilrs I ,629) occurs something Acr.)', from which, esp. the first,
several times in Hiirrr-ts. e.g. (the weather) a wide r:lngc of idiomatic mear)inas has d e -
e r i i e r u i s i g b a v l a d l 'has gradually begun t o velopcd. 'l'hosc scholars who have tried to
get warm' 1Y82, see alvo note 1870, last para.: discritninate 1)etween thcse two nleal~ings
(Xak.) X I I I ( ? )Trf. mags f o r y f i t ~ Brgilr~ 'come ( e . ~ I'rof. Prlliot) by spelling ( I ) or- and (2)
to my help' (cf. the Persian pllr. (ha-)farydd trr- were unquestionably mistaken. T U r k i l vrrl
rasidon 'to come to someone's help') 126: yelrne: k n r g u : edgi1:tl: urgxl 'set up a proper
G a g . s v tf. 6 r - (-ip, etc.) erij- 'to reach, arrive' (system of) reconnoitring patrols and watch
Vel. 54; 6 r - occurs both as an Intrans. and towers' T 34; a.0. I S 10-1 I , ZZ N 8 (01sik)-
'I'rans. Verb ( h i m wa ~nutu'addi),rasidan rua yarlk1:nta: ya1ma:st:nta: yiiz a r t u k o k u : n
rusdnidmt 'to arrive, to cause t o arrive' Son. u r t l : '(the e n e n ~ y )hit hitn with rtlore than a
y7r. 23 (quotns.): X w a r . x ~ r r ( ?6) r - 'to reach' hundred arrows on his annuur and quilted
'Ali 54: K I P x ~ r radraka 'to reach, attain' e r - coat' I E 33; 0.0. I B 36; Zx. 21: V I I I ff,
(unvncalized) Hotr. 37, 4: X I V Qr-('with front o y m a : e r oR1ani:n kisi:sl:n t u t u g u r u : p a n
\-owel') ndraka fJ. 10: O s m . xlv ff. er-18r- 'a gambler(?) putting u p his children and wife
'to reach, attain', in rarious idioms, c.i.a.p. as a stake' I r k B 29; k u s u : ku* kana:tl:ga:
TTS I 273; 11 393; 111 260; Z V 304; XTIII u r u : p 'putting (himself) on the swan's wings'
(after Ca& entry) 'this verb is used in Rtimi do. 35; yng1:lma:zu:n t 6 p b i l g e g u r t c 'he
with hoth back and front vo\vels' (sic) San. set u p a wise man telling him not t o make
9 7 r 23. mistakes' Ttm. ZII a. 6-8 ( E T Y 11 94)-
1 i:r- (?Q:r-,see i r i k - ) 'to mope, feel lonely o r kidi:zi:g s u v k u : s u k m i : ? t a k i : u r k a t i g d i :
bored'. N.0.a.b. unless it s ~ ~ r v i v as e s a Trans. ba: 'thrust tlie felt in the water and bent it,
V. in SW s x Anat. Ir- (sic) 'to annoy, o r tie it firmly' I r k B 33; 0.0. do. 35, 40: Man.
worrv (someone)' S D U 774, U y g . vlrr ff. d i d i r n i n b n g l ~u r~d i (the king.) 'put his
~ u d . ~ c n t i k l i qg l e r i g biitiirgeli i r r n e k s i z l n crotrn on his head' T T II 8, 6 7 ; n o m t6rU
 M O N . V. A R -
u r d l 'he e s t a l ~ l i ~ h ethe~ l doct~-ineand rulcs' cle;~redup, apply certain drugs) e t 6rgIllllk
do. 1 0 , < ) I ; :I.$>,(/,I. 10, 0 2 ( m a r ) - - n e q o 'so that the flesh can g r r ~ wup' II II zo, 7 - 8 ;
u r t u m u z y o n l u m u z c r s c r 'if n c have su:vsn:ltk 6:re:r 'thirst s~rpcrvenes'7.7' V I I I
sornehow struck o r wounded t h m l ' (Iltrms. 1 . 1 2 : X a k . xr b u l l t o:rdi: 'thc cloud rose'
88-9: UyR V I I I ff. Man.-A igige u r m l g e r d i ( n a j a ' o ~ ) ;and one says ko:y 6:rdi: 'the sheep
'he had put (the forvls) in it' M I 36, 3: hlan. got up' (n.lhn$at) out of its sheep-fold and was
y e m e t a t l g l l g e d g l i y l d tiilsiig u r u r driven towards its pasture; also used when it
k i l y i l r l e r ( ? ) 'and p u t u p and hurri pleasant, grazed hy itself at night (~tofajattahta'l-lay/)
fragrant incense sticks' Wind.'35-7-yeklerig Kag. I 173 (o:re:r, S:rme:k; MS., in error,
u r g a y 'he will smite the demons' .lf I11 37, ormo:h); 0.0. I 257, 22 ( o r l e n - ) ; 111 398, 24
6 (i): Chr. b l r k a p a n d a u r u p k i g i i r d i l e r ( a g r a v - ) : KIP. X I V or- ('with front voxvel')
(the magi) 'placed (their offerings) on a dish nabnta 'to sprout', in the sense of the sprouting
and brought them' U I 7 , 4 - 5 : Bud. u r - is very of beans and the like fd. 10.
cornmon.~for'to put, sct up' and the like PP
34, 3 ; U II 9, 1 2 ; 39, 80-7/.~11v. 21, 1 2 ; 129, 2 o:r- 'to plait'; also u ~ e metaph.
d for building
8 ; T T V lo, 109; for 'to strike' PI' 17, 6 em.: a wall with bricks; S a m i 199 says that in Osrn.
Civ. i k i r e r ta:$ a : I ~ ph i r n i u r (so spclt) 'take iir- is used to describe any process of plaiting
two stuties for each and put one down' 7'1' o r knitting, but not weaving on a looln.
L7111L.13, a.o.0. in this text and l i I. I I : X a k . S.i.a.m.l.g.; see tok1:-. X n k . X I 01 s a q 6:rdl:
X I e1iginde:kl: ne:gni: y6:rde: u r d ~ :'he put
rnmala'l-gn'r roa namcnhtr 'he plaited (Ifend.)
(ma~ia'n) the thing which was in his hands on the hair'; also of other things besides hair Kay, I
(pri)v.)-ol kll1111 u r d l : 'he heat 172 (G:re:r, B:rnie:k); (after 1 o x - ) and one
(dnmha) his sl;~vc,etc.' KO$. I 1 6 5 (uru:r, u r - says 01 s a v d l g 8:rdl: ramala'l-qqf'a wa'l-qirfdla
r n a : k ; this entry is among the V.s w. a short 'he plaited a hasket (Elend.)'; also used of any-
vowel but is everywhere spelt u:r- in the hlS); thing that is plaited by hand from curd
and many 0.0.; K B u r - is vcry common o r palm-leaves I 173: xtv Muh. ja'r mad/rir
in both senses, e.g. t s r i i e d g u u r m l g k i ~ i 'plaited hair' 6 : r m i ~s a c Me!. 45, 6; Ri/.139:
y k g l e r i 'the bcst of nien have laid down a good G a p . xv ff. or- (by implication 'with o-') d6
code' 252; k i t S b a t 1 u r d u m K u t a d g u B i l i g {iz-rci ba-ham tdbidan roa bdftan 'to twist two
'I have given the hook the name Kutad&: things together, to plait' Son. 66v. 22: KIP.
Uilig' 350-urdl n a w b a t t u g 1 'the sentry beat X I I I dafara'l-ja'r o:r- (misvocalized ewr-)
his d r u m ' 86: x r ~ ( ? KBVP ) x a z i n a iqinde HOII.36, I : X I V ijr- both band 'to build' and
u r u p k i z l e m i g 'he put it i n the treasury and dafnm fd. 10 (misdescribed as 'with back
hid it' 1 7 : ~ I I I ( ?XBPP ) at l a q a b u r d ~ l a r \'owcl').
'they .qalTe it the.name and title' 18-19; At. 1 iir- 'to blow (a trumpet, a fire, etc. Acc.);
b i l i g d i n u r u r m e n s o z i i m k e u l - a 'I lay to blow (into something Dat.)', occasionally
a foundation of m y words in uvisdorn' 81 ; without an Object. S.i.a.m.l.g.; S E T u r k i
b o o u n mS1llk e r k e u r u p y i i z l e r i n 'the h i i r - ; in S W only(?) xx.Anat. S D D 1435.
people set their faces townrds the wealthy man' Uyg. v1rI ff. hRlan. I n p k a l t ~e r k i m y61
421 ; :i.o. 461 ; 7'rf. u r - 'to strilic; to put', etc. kiiqige t o l k u k u j : i i r e r q e 'just like a man
i s comtnon 329: X I V Miil~.(?)(I,tmbn u:r- I t i f . who inflates a bladder hy the force of wind'
75, etc. (only); u r - 120, etc. (only): G a g . xv lr. Wind. 22-4: I3ud. (just as fire is produced by
u r - ( - a r , etc.) rrr-, zndri?r ina'ndsina 'to strike' a fire drill, dry tinder and) e r n i g q a k m r g l
C'cl. 103-4 (cluotns.); ur- ('with U-I) zadan i i r m i ~ (n~istranscribed
i 6 s m i ~ i )'the vigorous
Snn. 6hv. 21 (quotns.): X w n r . xlrr u r - 'to action and blowing of a man' U II ro, 23-4:
strike' 'Ali 28, 29: S I I I ( ? )ditto Of. 38: X I V Civ. (if anyone says that anything is false o r
ditto and various idioms M N 100, etc. : K o m . lacking in xny statement and) a y a k i i r i i p s b z i
xrv u r - 'to p u t ; to strike', and in idioms C C I , q ~ bno l s a r 'if after blowing in a c u p (as a form
C C G ; Gr. 266 (quotns.): Ktp. X I I I !/nmba of solemn attestation) his words prove to be
w u r - (sic) How. 52, 20: X I V u:r- daraba Id. 10; true' USp. 40.7-8; 41,6-7; the phr. b u r u n d a
&rahn w u r - B1i1. 563.; xv daraba u r - Kav. i i r - 'to blow (something) u p the nose' occurs in
7, 1 3 ; 8, 16; 74, 19; Tith. 233. 11 a.o.0.: O S ~ . H II 20, 4-5 and 18 and 23; in H I the word
xlv f f u r - with a rather wide range of meanings occurs several times, mistranscribed yiir-, e.g.
c.1.a.p.. consistently spelt rrr- not z r ~ r -T T S I b o g a z igige i i r s e r y a r ~ l u ar g l z d l n iirgil 01
723; I1 928; I11 710; I V 784. 'if one blows into the throat, (the swelling)
bursts; one tiiust blow it out of the mouth'
1 o:r- practically syn. w. iin-, q.v., from which 188-9; 0.0. 130, 131, 185 (karnsg): X a k . xr
i t can hardly be distinguished i n badly written 01 o t iirdi: nafaxa'l-ndr 'he blew on the fire,
Up$ texts; 'to rise', usually while still niain- etc.' Kof. I 164 (2 iir- follours); tilkii: 8:z
taining contact with the point of departure, i:nke: tirse: u g u z b u l u r 'if a fox breathes
e.g. (of a plant) 'to sprout'; often used metaph. hard (clabaha) into its ourn hole, it gets the
Survives, sometimes in the extended form mange' I 55, I ; 1115, I 5 ; kill iirgiinge: k & z
o r t i - , in NC Klr., Kzx., and SW xx Anat. iirse: y6:g a[-fath fi'l-cnmr xayr mina'l- fat!^
I r 1 8 ( 6 r u - ?); 143.5 (iirii-). See Brii:. U y g . fil-ramdd 'blowing on live embers is better
VIII if. R1nn.-A A4 I 16, 1 2 (kng); do. 17, 16 than blowing o n ashes' I 337. 12: XIII(?)Tef.
(evln): Bud. kijgliirnde rnqa s a k t n q o r d i u r - 'to blow (bellows, etc.)' 338: xlv Muh.0)
'the following t l ~ o u g h t a r i s c in my mind' ;afi'.va iir- Rif. 116 (only): G a g . xv ff, iir-
U 11. 5. 13-14: Civ. (rvllcn the abscess has ( w ~ t l iii-, not 6-', but mis-spelt with hack
 RION.
vowel), also h i i r - dainirlnir 'to I,lo\\' .To11. 66v. r\ 01 t:lklgu k u S e r a ' ; t l n v n ~ tllosr fowls'
2 1 : X\s7ar. Z I Y (the \vise nlan s:li<l 'give m e M 1 36, 6 7 ; am. (lo. 10, 2 (acjn:); d l n t a r k a
your hand') t a k l elgige a g z l b i r l e i i r d i 'and a r a 'among the Elect' A I 111 30, 1 1 (sic?, tlre
blew ~ n t ohis hand with his nlouth' Nahc. 231, only casc of a r a : after Ilat.): Marl. y a l e g u k l a r
1 4 : KIP. Z I I I nofaxn iir- (misvocalized mur-) a r a 'aninng rncn' T T I11 22: Bud. Sanskrit
tlorr. 16. I : X I V iir- ('with front vowel') nnfaxa nnforfi 'hetween' a:ra: 7'7' 1,'111 (;.I-ara:
Id. 16;snfnrn ('to ~vhistle')rcn nqfrr.\.n i i r - Utrl. also appears for thc tivnt ti~tiein oblique cases,
54. v.; 8 ; . v.: s v a/-nofw iirmelc Knv. 61, 1 5 ; e.g. toy1nla:rnlg a:ra:slnda: 'among the
;rafn.rn iir- (with front vowel) do. 76, 1 ; T ~ i h . monks' do. A.24; similar phr. do. 11.5, y ; U I11
37% 4 : Osm. xlv to xvl i i r - 'to blow' in 1 3 , 6-7 (ii), etc.-aradln a j u n 'the inter-
ses-era1 tests I'TS I 747; 11 955; III 732; I V mediate state' U II 81, 69-70: b i r k i y e (sic?)
80.5. a d r r l m ~ $ d l nb e r i i a n l o a r a on y ~ bold1
l 'it
is ten years since we partetl' Iliien-ts. 1867:
2 iir- (of o dog) 'tn lurk, ho\\fl'. S.i.a.rn.l.g., Civ. kigi a r a 'aniong men' 7'7' I 160: b a l l k
son~ctimes as iirii-; in S E 'Tiirki hiir-. a r a ' w ~ t h i nthe city1 USp. 88, 43: k t s l r l n
I hlan. M 11145, I (i) ( ~ t ) U
'l'iirkii ~ I I if. : yg. u r u g l n a & a~r a s l (sic, dittojiraphy) n r a s l n d a
~ I I ff. I Civ. ~t k a r l b o l s a r y a t l p i i r i i r 'when tiitiizgii 01 'he nlust fumigate between her
a dog gets ol<lit harks lying down' T T 1'11 42, thighs n i t h kisrrin seed' I1 I 22-3: 0. K l r .
6: X a k . X I l t iirdi: nnbnl~a'l-hnlh 'the dog IX tf. b o d u n a r a : 'among thc people' 1\.I(i1. I j,
barked' K q . I 164 (iire:r, iirrne:k): ~ I I I ( ? ) 3 : X a k . X I a r a : euns!tr'l-~ov' 'the middle of a
Tef. iir- 'to hark' 339: s r v Mrrlr. nil~rilru'l-kalb thing'; hence onc says kigi: a r a : k i r d i r n 'I
ii:rrne:k dld. 7 3 , r I ; Rif. 176: G a g . xv ff. went in aniong the people' (bnyno'l-qaeuin)
i i r - ('with ii-') farydd knrdan, rcii in maxyis-i Kaj. 1 87; similar phr. I 317, 7 ; 51 I , 26
faryfd-i sag 'to howl, in particular of a dog, to (iiliigliig); 528, 1 8 ; I1 17, 6 ; I11 60, 8 : K R
howl, in Ar. nil)ii?t Son. 66v. 23: K o m . X I V k i i y e r o t a r a 'in the middle of a blazing fire'
'to bark' i i r - C C G ; Gr. 270 (quotn.): KIP. 1483; a r n ... a r a 'at one t i m e . . . at another,
x~v iir- ('with front vowel') nabatla Id. 10: xv 177 (ogdil-); 400-2; 735 : XIII(?)K H P P a n l a r
nahnita ( u l u - ; in margin) u r - T ~ i h 37a . 8. a r a 'between them' 36; At. k i g i l e r ara 75;
a.o.0.; Tef. a r a in phr. like b i z i g a r a and with
S 3 iir- See iidiir-. Poss. Suffs. in the Loc. is common 56: G a g .
xv ff. a r e nrasinda VeI. 16 ; a r a miyiin wa
Dis. ARA ruasi 'middle, centre'; also called a r a l l g ; also
a r a : (?a:m:) dificillt to pin down gratnmati- used in the meaning of a r a s l d a (for miyiinay
cally; there does not seem tcr be any record of Son. 36v. z ; various other phr. like ara a y l
it as the suhject of a sentcncc or in other con- 'the month of Qawwil', a r a s ~ t l a , a r a s ~ d a
texts in which it could be regarded as an ordi- m G n / a r a m 6 n are listed: X w a r . X I I I ( ? )
n a w Koun. I n the early period it is used only o g b u y a r u k n u g a r a s l n d a 'in the middle of
as a l'nstposn. meaning 'betweell (two places), this light' 05. 5j ; a.o. do. 162: X I V a r n 'among'
among (a number of people)', and the like; but Qritb l o ; MN 7, ete.: Korn. xrv only in the
f i r . translates it as a Noun and does not de- form a r a s l n d a 'amotiy', etc. C C G ; Gr. 39
scribe it as n liirtf. Later it scerns to he used (quot~is.): KIP. st11 brryii a r a : Ilori. 53, 13
almost only in the Lot., either with a preceding (also quoted with l'oss. Sufis. in Lac. and Abl.):
Pron. Adj., e.g. b u n r a d a 'in this locality', X I V a r a : h a p Id. 1 1 ; bnvn with I'oss. Suffs.
or with a l'oss. Sufi. e.E. a r n m r z d a 'among a r a : with ditto; o l - h a y a r a : Rnl. 14, 5-7:
u s ' or with a 3rd I'ers. l'oss. Suff. and a pre- s v am hnyii 7'irlr. 73b l o ; a r a s l n d n .
ceding Nuun. e.g. o g b u y a r u k n u g a r a s l n d a a r a g l z a do. 74a. 5, 7: O s m . xlv ff. a r a
'it1 the tlliddle of this light'. Nornlally used c.i.a.p. ; as early as xrv it means 'place' ill plir.
of space, less often of time. S.i.a.m.1.g. T h e like b u a r a d o and 'time(s)' in phr. like h a r
spelling a:ra: in I r k B and TT TJIII (SW a r a d a 'at all times'; a r a ... ara occurs In
T k m . a : r a ) is prob. the original one. T i i r k i i xv, svr, and a r a as a Postposn., e.g. x8nkHh-i
V I I I (when the blue heaven was created above ' a ~ qara 'in the temple of love' down to xvx
and the brown earth below, marl was created) TTS 1 3 2 ; I1 46; 1113 0 ; I V 32.
eki:n a r a : 'brtween the two' I E I , E II z ; VU a r r a (sic) Ilap. leg.; onomatopoeic. X a k .
similar plir. I E 2, I1 E 4 ; Ongiit l o ; (then to xr arra al-bawl 'urine'; an Excl. (harf)
the north of the Chinese) T a g ( ? ) Oguz ara: addressed to a donkey to encourage it to uri-
yeti: e r e n ya@: b o l m ~ g'seven men among nate; it is repeated two o r three times and (the
the 'Tag(?) Oguz hecame hostile' Ongin 5 : donkey) urinates. This agrees (rucijuqnt) with
~ I I ff.
I kamu:$ (sic, error for kaml:$) a:ra: AT. because 01-arr means 'copulation' (al-
(sic) 'among the reeds' I r k B l o ; k a m l : ~a:ra: -cimii') in .4r. Kirj. I 38.
do. 38: (man \vas unhappy and the sky cloudy)
b u l l t ~ :a:ra: kiin t u g m i : $ b u s a : n c a r a : (sic) an: a large stinging inscct, 'bee, wasp, hornet'.
m e g i : kelml:$ 'the sun rose among its clouds, S.i.a.m.1.g. w. minor phonetic changes (a:r.
joy enmetin the midst of grief' do. 52: Yen. 61 a r a , etc.); in some the particular kind of insect
ara:cln: from within thc realm' 1WaI. 30, 4 ; is defined by an Attrihute, e.g. Osm. b a l arlsl
el a r a : do. 32, 10: U y R y111 Y a r q Agu:llg 'honey bee'. X a k . XI a n : al-zaribrir 'hornet,
a r a : Yit(?) b a g l n t a a r a : between Yarq and wasp', etc. T h i s agrees (rucifnqot) with Ar.
Agu:l~gand within the summit of Yit(?)' Su. because nl-ary means 'honey' (al-'asal) in
If.' G (text damaged and dubious): V I I I ff. Man.- Ar., hut in 'I'urkish 'the source of honey' (ti15
 D I S. A R A
ynfnrual/ad[r'I-'awl nrinhrr); and the Ciail brothers. three sons, and three daughters'
'I'urks call 'honey' arr: yagl: samnu'l-nahl Suci 6: v~rrff. Bud. kenq urr kenq klzlar
'bee's oil' Koj. I 87; 0.0. II 329, 10 and 'young boys and girls' U II 20, 20; tegri u r l s l
13; III 156 (bad); 276, 19: xrrr(?) At. 'asxl 'a son of a god' (Sanskrit rtrvaputra) do. 28,
knyda e r s e bile arrsr 'wherever there is 6 (ii!; 29, 1 6 ; a.o. Suv. 597, 23; Civ. urr ogul
honey there is a,l)ec with it', 439: xrv Mrrh. a/- kelurgey 'she will bring forth a son' T T VII
-2nnhtir arr: A4el. 74. 8 ; Rif. 177: Gag. uv ff. 28, 18; u r l oglanllg evqi 'a woman with male
a r l (spelt) znnhtir San. 37v. r r (quotns.): children' Ef 11 18, 65: Xak. X I urr: al-dakar
X w a r . x ~ va r r 'bee' Qt~rbr I ; A.IN 10: Krp. mina'l-arclad 'a male child'; one says u n :
X I I I nl-na!tl aru: Hou. 10, 11: xrv aru: both oQ1a:n 'male children' Kay. 1 8 8 ; a.0. I 25 I , 9:
al-nahl wu'l-zonbrir: and if they mean 'bee' KB ay ersiR- urr 'mv bra\.e bnv!' . -1872.
-
specifically (hi-'aynihi) they sa; ba:l arusr:
i d . l o ; al-no/l[ aru: (01-oanhrir kokiin) Bul. VU 2 u:n: n.0.a.b.; JrkB 40 is a cryptic para.
r I , I : xv Kav. 62, 19 (ba:1) which continues 'he walks alone striking and
cleaving precipitous rocks with a broad arrow-
VU l r r a (sir) ononlatopoeic, cf. a r r a ; see headv;nearly every word i n it begins with y-,
2 Ir. Pee. to Kaj. Xak. xl 1r1-a fll-!tac/a which may explain the curious use of words;
'shame'; yldxaffaf j.u!aqqa[ 'it is made both this word obviously means 'ravine' or the like.
light and heavy' (?w. - r - and - r r - ) Kaf. 1 3 9 ; Tiirkii vrrr ff. t a l r m (?error for tellm) url:
a.0. I 3 2 2 (1 t a x ) . yarrnqa: 'until he cleaves many ravines'
V U Irii: 'omen, sipn7; often itl klend. irii: IrkB 40: O k u z xr (under terIo q.v.) terlg
belgu:, Vocalization unccrtair,; I',N,/A. irii- U:": a/-faccu'l-'nmiq 'a deep ravine' Kaf. 111
liie. , . but survives in Yakut as ~ r a, l ~ r .a : . 37Ot lo; n.m.e.
-, 0.v.. ~

PcR. 3808, and is a I.-w. in Mong. as irtrrro oru: (?ore:) 'a storage pit dug in the ground'.
(Kow. 321) W. a N.Ag. iru&yi, see Dorrfer in S.i.a.m.1.g. except NW, SW with vari-
C.A.J. X, pp. 55 ff. UyR. v ~ r rff. 3Ian.-A ations in the final vowel (-a. -0, -u) which
yavlak irii eriir 'it is an evil omen' M 135, 3: suggest an original -0:. See Doerfer I 1 592.
Bud. tiikel t 6 r l u g yavlak irii belgiiler 'all Xak. X I o r u : 'a hole (a[-hr~fra) which is
kinds of evil omens (IIend.)' TT VI 60-1 ; dug for the storage of wheat, root vegetables
V I I I 0 . 5 ; e r m e z irii belgti kozunser 'if (01-salca~n)and the like' Kaj. I 87: K B isizig
false omens (Hend.) appear' TT VII 40, 39; y a q u g d a o r u d a k e r e k 'you must put a bad
0.0. of irii belgii U I V 24, 13: Suv. 185,s-6; man in a sack or a pit' 5549 (see aya:-): Gag.
315, 14-15. etc.: Civ. negiig yiirip ( ?so read) xv ff. o r a (sic) taxzl kriyrlst 'a grain pit' Vcl.
i r u l r k l a s a r 'if one seeks hy divination for an 104; o r u ~ 5 h -$alIa
i ditto San. 7 1 v . 7: KIP.
omen to explain sornething' T T VII 28, 6. xrv oru: al-nzattnz2ra 'storage pit' Id. 10; ditto,
VU?I: u r r a (sic) H ~leg.; ~ possibly
, a corrup- but o:ru: Bul. 3, 16: xv cuhb 'pit' o r u Tuh.
tion of the Ar. word. Xak. XI u r r a at-udra 123. 3.
fi'l-ricd 'hernia' Kay. I 39. S ore: See iirii:.
orl: 'shout, outcry', etc. No doubt the hase,
of orla:-, and so to be spelt with o-. N.0.a.b. D arii: (oro:) Ger. of 1 6:r-, normally used as
X a k , XI O ~ I : al-,rijrd!a wn'l-calaha 'shout, an Adv. meaning 'upwards' (in KI3 there is
outcry'; (prov.) ort: kopsx: oku$ ak11gu:r even a Comparative f. oriirek), particularly in
i ~ i a ruaqa 0'1-jnrfix ictanrn'ari'l-'njiro ilayhi the phr. (irii: t u r - , properly 'to rise to one's
li-ytr'irtti'l-mrix 'when the cry for help is feet', but sometinies 'to stand upri~ht'.In the
raised, the tribe rallies to it to help the man medieval period it also came, usually as ore,
who raises it' Kag. 187; a.0. 111227 (krk~:): to be used as a Noun mcaning 'height, eleva-
xrv Mtrh.(?) al-(iocca tua't-~alabn 'shouting, tion; an upright, pillar, support', and survives
hubbub' o:rl: Rij. 146 (only). with such meanings in SE 'Tiirki B$ 773;
N C Kxx. n4fi.l 496; SW Tkrn., and perhaps
VU 1 urr: 'male child, son'; unlike ogul, elsewhere. As an .4ds., usually in the phr.
exclusively masculine. Not noted later than iirii: (also ore, or6) t u r - s.i.a.m.1.g. except
Sak., but common until then. Tiirkii vrrr SC(?). Uyg. vrrr ff. Bud. Sanskrit tittis!hata
beglik url: og1i:n (sic) kul krltr: 'their sons, 'rise to your feet' o r 6 duru:gla:r TT VIII
who were fit to he begs they made slaves' II E 7 E.46; Brii tikrnig erdi nornlug tug112 'he
(and I E 7 with boltt: in error for krlt~:);a.0. has planted the banner of the doctrine up-
I E 2 4 , I I E 20: vrrr ff. Man. the nature of the right' Hiien-tr. 1909-lo; iirii kodl 'upwards
sin in Chrms. I 16-17 is obscure, and the text and downwards' U I I I 3r, 8 ; 44, 4 (i!;, T T
alnlost certainly corrupt; oziin looks like an X 438; o r u n l a r r n d ~ n o r u t u r u p rlsrng
error for a j u n and oz bolup is unintelligible; from their seats' Suv. 182, 6-7: Civ. Brii
(if we have sinned) ilki iiziin b u 6ziin kodl USp. 67, 4: Xak. xr Kuj. III 382, l o
uzuntonlug u r ~ l a r6 z bolup 'in a previous (@die): K R t6rii birle a t l n k o p u r d l BrU
incarnation or the present incarnation by . . . 'by his code of laws he raised his reputation'
w\.omen and boys': Yen. url: oglan 'sons' 103; similar phr. 269; (the planet9 move)
Alal. 26, 2; yCti: url: o g u l iiqun tike: kayusr o r u r e k kayust k o d ~130; turd1 iirii
b e r t l m i z 'we erected (this memorial) for his 519; 0.0. 438, 3725: xnr(?) Tef. 8re/6rii
seven sons' do. 48, 9; Uyg. rx i n i m yCti: t u r - ; o r e 'pillar, support' 248. 250; xrv Rbg.
urlm iiq k m m tic erti: 'I had seven younger o r e kop- 'to rise to one's feet' R I 1217
 200 I'RIS.
man's Iicliaviour is had) e r e J i a z o l k o r
1: a r u : l ~ a : t ilap. kc.; no doul)t an Indian r i k i i n ~ lu z u n 'his happinrcs in slight and his
I.-w. X a k . X I aru:ba:t 01-tamrlt'l-lri~tdi'tama- repentance Iona-last in^' g z h ; o.o. 424, 677,
rind' Kag. I 138. 937, 2150, 3672 ( s a l l n - ) , 5208, ctc. (in 5208
i'ienna RIS. rrin(.): s r r ~ ( ? ) 7 ' ~ f . u g t l m a x
I) n r p a g a : n Den. N. fr. a r p n : ; 'wild barley', t u r g u l u k vrlnqii m i ~ l i t nicnn 'paradise is
n plant uf the \\-ilri oats type. S.i.s.m.1. X a k . permanent lin[>pincss' (13ornvkn1. translates it
XI a r p a g n : n nohr ha-lro!'(rti'l-jn'ir ynnbrrt 'rcsidcnce', taking it as ;I I)c\.. N. f r . 'rritr-
~rrrrmrrlrilrcn In lrohh lnlrrt 'a plant ~ v i t h the Retl. f. crf 1 e r - , hut this is tint vcry plar~cihlc)
appcnr:lnce of liarlcy n hich grows secdless 81.
ears' Kar. 1 140: Gag. s v ff. a r p a g a n 'a small F o r u q 'a religious fast'. See brrqa:k.
p13nt which pro\\s in the open country
(snlrrdhd) and forms an ear (.rfitn) like barley' F arGa 'juniper'. See a r t u q
Sun. 36v. 26. (1)) arC1: 'saddle-hag'; proh. a crasis of
I) a r p a : s l z IIap. lep. in a prov. undcr a r p a : * a r t q ~ : , N.Ag. nf a r t . I'ec. to Iiap.; hlalov in
fr. ~ r h i c hit is the Priv. N./A. X a k . X I a r p a : - the index to USp, suggested that a word in
s l z a t ag1i:ma:s 'a Iiorsc cannot pet ovcr the USp. 3, 4 read nrrar was connected with this
pass until it has had a feed of barley' (hattd word, h r ~ tactually it occurs in a transcription
tnqdnmi'l-p'ir) Kag. I 123, 19; n.m.e. of a n Ar. phr., ~ r d rlroqqr, 'amount d u e for
rent'. X a k . xr arql: nl-!raqihn 'saddle-hag'
1) arvlgGi: N.Ag. fr. arv1.y; 'spell-hinder. Kn?. I 124; 0.0. I 231, I 4 ( a r t t g - ) ; 250, I I
sorcerer'. Surb-ivrs only in N E Tel. a r b ~ g q l ( a r t l n - ) .
H I 338; in somc other Innguapes the word ?F a r j u : 'jackal, or hyaen;l(?)'; n.n.a.lr. 'I'he
uscd i.; a r h a g q l o r the like, der. fr. a r b s 2 a -j- suppcsts a f o r e i ~ n( ?Sogdian) origin. 'l'hel-e
li~terI>e\.. N. fr. nrva:- first noted in Ca.@. does not seem to he a native word for 'jackal',
UyR. vlrl ff. Bud. a r v l g q l l a r b e g i 'the chief most languapcs using 1%. jafal. X a k . X I a r j u :
of the sorcerers' U 11; 20, 230; a.o. T T I.' 12, 'with -j-' ibrz rim< 'jackal' Knj. I 127: xlv
128. Alrtlt. 01-dabri' 'hyaena', in Turltistnn a r j u : ,
in 'our country' (~lzcrhnyjan)a r g u : illel. 7, 13;
T r i s . V. 4 R R - Rif. 79; a.o. 72, 5 ; 174.
D arpa:la:- Ilen. V. fr. a r p a : ; 'to eat barley,
feed with barley'. Survives only(?) in SW S o r q i i g See 2 orgiiq.
Osni. U y g . V I I I ff. Bud. n e y e p a r p a l a p
e d g i i l e r k c y a k l n kalg11 'eating something(?), T r i s . V. ARC-
and rating barley remain close to good men' L)F arji1:la:- Den. \:. fr. a r j u : ; n.o.a.h. Prob.
lisp. 46, I and f (a short very obscure text, uscd only in the Ger. Uyc. V I I I ff. Civ. e r k l l g
prrhz~ps tnistranscribctl): X a k . sr 01 atln x a n n l g y n r l ~ g a~r j u l a y u (niistranscribed
i~rpa:ln:dl: aq~innrnfamsnhri'l-io'ir 'he fed nrhttln,vn) t u r u r c v i g d c 'the orders (?sir) of
his l ~ n r s rv i t h l~arlcy'Kng. 1 3 1 6 (arpa:la:r, the king of the underworld stand like jackals
arpn:ln:ma:k). in !our liousc' T I ' I 2;: X a k . sr (after arju:),
and they sny of people whrn they crowd
1 ) arpn:lnn- Hap. Ice.: Itrfl. f. of arpa:la:-. round (br~flri)sonlcthing k i ~ i arju:layu
: kurl:
X n k . xr a t a r p a l a n d l : (sir) 'the horse had (sic, ?errr>r fnr t u r r l ~ : ) 'the people crowdcd
h;~rlc!' h-nf. 1296 ( a r p a : l a n u r , : i r p a l a n m a : k (i3rlnlmtrro) round it, as iar:knls crowd rnllnd
.sic). :I t i ~ a nto cat him' h-ag. 1 127, 20; arju:Iayu:
e r a v a : r transl;~tcd'thc crowd of nien round
Dis. ARC liini were like ,j:~clials,because if they find a
1.' e r e j 'happiness, hliss'; corruption of Sog- man alonc they surround him and eat him'
di:~nrj.z (pronnunccd r t j ) , same meaning. In 111 401, 24.
this spelling pcc. to K B ; for some unknown
reason, perhaps confusion with i r i n q which D F e r e j l e n - RcR. Dev. V. fr. e r r j ; 11.0 a.b.
X a k . xr IiB bl(1)ig e r e j l e n s i i f l k e yetiirsii
has exactly the opposite meaning, it became
corrupted to f r i n q / f r i n j . in which inrni 11 b l l i g 'may Your RIajesty live happily and
appears in Kaj. ant1 sonietimes in the Vienna bring wihdorn to tlic I-calm' 58'14.
AlS. nf k'B. Surviws in most NI< 13npuages as
trls/rts R I 1368; 111 719; Khak. Iris; NC RInn. ARD
l i ~ r . ,Kzx. l r l s (and I<zx. r t s in I i I I I 7x9); a r t ( ? a : r d ) originallv 'the nape of tlic neck';
SC' IJzh. n r o z ; NW IZaz. u r a s R I 1655; hence ( I ) 'a ~iiountainpass o r col' (like the
SW ss Anat. a r a z l u r a z SDD 109, 1420. nape of t h e neck a depression hetmeen two
S a k . X I e r i n q al-tnnoUrrnr wn'l-tnqolluh elevations); (2) 'the hack o r hinder part of
fi'l-ni'ntn 'happiness, enjoyment; reverse of anything'. I n (2) it was syn. w. a r k a : q.v., hut
fi,rtutic'; in some languages (Irrgiit) pronounccd for Adv. expressions meaning 'hehind' a r t
P r i n j Kng. 1 1 3 2 ; 111 449 (duplicate entries; the \\.as used in preference to a r k a : . 'l'hc I>irec-
second meaning, if correctly translated, seems tive f. n r t g a r u 'hsckwards' is not noted
t o helong to lrinq): Kl3 e r e j k o l s a e m g e k hefore t h e n ~ r d i e v a l period. S.i.a.m.1.g.; in
t e g i r o l iiliig 'if he asks for happiness, pain Sli' Osm., 'I'ktil. (a:rt) before Suffs. beginninp
comes (instead) as his portion' 432; (I see that with vo\vels a r r l , ~ v h i c h may rcprescnt the
 R I O N . V. A R D -
original forni. ' r i i r k u V I I I ff. a : r t uze: 'on a S.i.a.m.l.n., in SIV only 'I'krn. T i i r k t i vlrr
mountain pass' I r k n 6 (2 e r - ) : I l y g . vllr ff. (the next day) ortqe: k l z i p keltl: s u ~ i i g d i m l z
Bud. a r t h a s u t bnl- 'to back, support 'they came (against us) f l a m i n ~like a con-
(someone Dot.) Suv. 127, 21 ; 409, I I ; a.0. flagration, and we fnupht' T 40; UyR. v l r ~ff.
U I V X, 38 (1:c-): Clv. (a man who un- Bud. inqa k a l t i t e m l r l l g t a g d l n o r t y a l ~ n
expcctcdly I~cconiesfanlr~us)a r t s a y u m a y a - i i n e r e r a e r 'just as flames (Hend.) riqc frnm
k a y u r 'dcfccatcs on cvcry mountain pass' the Iron Mountain' U I1 25, 25-7; okiin-
T T VJI 42, 5: X a k . X I a r t s a q yo'rrr'l-qoffi m e k l l g i l r t iize o r t e n i p 'blazing w i ~ ht h r
'the bark hair', because a r t is al-raqaha 'the flame of repentance' U I l l , 5 , 1-2; ilrt ya11n
nape r ~ fthe ncck': a r t (11-'aqnha fi'l-rihril 'a T T 1'10, 91 and 93; 1 2 , 1 2 1 ; T T X 3 4 0 , 360;
mountain pass' (prov.) Kaj. I 42; 1 247, 18 6 r t o t l u g clyan 'a meditation on flame and
(agrul-); 277, 3 (2 agsa:-)and 5 0.0. translated fire' T T V 10, 116; art y a l l n l ~ g'flaming' do.
al-'aqaha: K B k a y u art a g a r k v r ilgiizler 8, 65: X a k . X I o r t a/-hariq 'conflagration.
k e ~ e 'some
r climb over m o u r p i n passes and blaze' KO$. 1 4 2 : G a g . xv ff. o r t yu'la-i i i t a ~
cross rivers' 1735: XIII(?)Tef. a n l o a r d i n d a l 'flame'; and they also use the word when they
a r d i n d ~ n'behind him' 56; a r d r n q a / a r t ~ n q a set fire to one end of a prairie (fahrd), and it
'hehind' 57, 60; a r t g a r u l a r t k a r u 'back- goes in front of the wind and burns off the
wards' 59: xrv Muh. 'the hindquarters of a whole prairie Vel. roo (quotn.); o r t (spelt)
horse ( k ~ l ;In the margin of one RIS.) a r d itm-r ctns a z hiriyi dtor 'a generic term for
Mel. 69, 14: Gag. xv ff. a r t (spelt) 'aqnba wa fire' Snn. 71r. 3 (quotn.): O s m . xvr 6 r t 'blaze'
rdh-i tang ('a narrow road') San. 36v. 26; a r d in one text T T S I 5 4 9 (mis-spelt orl).
(rhyming with kdrd) 'aqah 'back' do. 3 7 r 2 ;
a r d i n c a a z 'nqaba~ 'behind him' do. 37'. 3 M o n . V. ARD-
(quotn.): X w a r . x ~ r ~ ( (the ? ) army was pro-
tccting) 01 biirlnig a r t l a r l n 'the hindquarters art- Preliminary note. There are two ~ r r b sof
o f that wolf' Of. 152: xlv a r t k a r u 'back- this form; one, Trans. 'ro load (baggage, ~ t c . on
)
wards' Quth r r, Nahc. 93, 4 ; (if Yusuf's shirt (an animaL etc.)', the Pass. and ReJI. f.s ofdrirh
is torn) a r t y a n d i n 'in the back' Nahc. 362, 7 ; in SW ,Yx Anat. show tho! it was originally
a r t l g a 'hackwards' do. 93, 5 : K o m . xlv 'back, a r d - ; the other, Intrans., 'to grow big~er,in-
behind' a r t C C I , C C G ; Gr. 40 (quotns. in- creas~', which was always art-, since its der.
cluding a r t l n q a / a r t u n $ a ) : KIP. xrv a r d ,
also a r t , xalf 'behind' Id. 10; snlf a r t u n c a f.s like a r t u k are spell witii -t- in all modern
Bul. 14, 4: xv (in a list of Advs. describing languages. The first is first noted in Osm. XVI,
directions) ward' 'backwards' a t k a r i : hi-gayr but its Pass. and Rep. f.s are noted in Xak. XI;
rii' 'without -r-' (i.e. for a r t k a n ) Kav. 35, 5; the second is noted fr. a n ecrrly period.
art rcnrd' lirh. 7 3 b 9 (with Poss. Suffs. do.
67a. 3 ; 74a 7, 11); xalf a t k a r ~do. rqb. 6; 1 art- ( a r d - ) 'to load (something Acc.) onto
71a. 7 ; ta'axxam 'to be behind, late', etc. (something Dat.); to load (an anirnal, etc. Acc.)
ritkari k a l - do rob. 2: O s m . X I V ff. a r d with (something bile, etc.); to put (somcthing,
with I'OSS. Suffs. and a r d l n c a , both mcaninn e.g. an arm) round (something, r.p. a ncck)'.
generally 'hehind', c.i.a.p. T T S 1 33; 11 47; S.i.a.m.l.a.; in SW only xx Anat. a r d - / a r t -
111 32-3; I v 34-5. S D D 111. 117. O s m . svr a r d - 'to nut (an
arm Arc.) round (a neck Ilat.); tn p t ' ( a gar-
VI! 4 r t pee. to U)-fi. and only in the phr. e r t ment Arc.) over (a shoulder Do!.)' in two texts
b t r t ; prnl,. a nicre jingle with bCrt, q.v. T T S J I 4 8 ; 111 33.
Tlyg. V I I I IT. 11uf. Crtl h e r t i agir b o l u r 'his
taxes are heavy T T V I 1 1 ; and see note 2 a r t - 'to become bigger, increase; to he, or
thereon with 0.0.: Civ. Brt b e r t a l m a d ~ n become, exccssive'. S.i.a.m.l.g. T i i r k u vrrr ff.
'without levying taxes' USp. 88, 41-2; bll Yen. artzu:n 'may it increase' is read three
y k r n i g negii y e m e e r t i b e r t i y o k 'this land
times in Mal. 48, 4 and 5, but the text is
is not liable to any taxes whatever' USp. chaotic: U y g , V I I I ff. Civ. (the income from
108, 20-1. certain propcrties is to be used for stated pur-
V U u r t Hap. Icp.; Atalny points out that in poses) a r t r n l v t n k B g e ~ i p i ~ l e t z i f n l e r 'let
SW xx Anat. (scc S D D 783) 'the eye of a them employ what is in cxcess(of these require-
needlc' is called i g n e y u r d u ; this might ~vell ments) by mutual agreement' IISp. 88, 28:
he n corruption of this word, but this word X a k . XI a r t t l : ne:g 'the thing bccame bigccr
cannot be a corruption of y u r t , q.v., the mean- (zndn); and one says a n l o eye:gii:si: a r t h :
inn of which in Xak. would be quite in- zfidn dila'iihri rcn humu kirio'ya 'ani'l-tn!drc.lrl
appropriate. l'hcre is another possible trace of 'his ribs expanded', a n idiom for arrogance
this word; in SS 29 the translation of o r t , etc. Kay. III 425 ( ~ r t a : r , a r t m a : k ) : K B k u t i
includes the words zchir, nftr 'poison'; this k i i n d e a r t t i his good fortune increased
might be a misunderstanding of samnr (see daily' 438; 0.0. 618(e:d), 736, 1043, 1062, etc.:
Ka,c.'s translation) the normal meaning of XIIT(?)At. a n i n k u n d e a r t a t u r u r b u blda'
which is 'poison'. X a k . X I u r t satnmrr'l-xiyZf 'therefore this heresy increases daily' 404; TPf.
'the eye of a needle' Kay. 142. a r t - 'to grow bigger' 59: X I V Muh. zdda.
kalura 'to become bigger, more numerous'
6 r t 'flame, conflagration'; more specific than a r t - Mrl. 26, 13; Rif. ;o9: q a g . xv ff. a r t -
1 o:t 'fire in gencrnl', practically syn. m. yalln. viydd judatr 'to increase' Sair. 3 5 r 5: X w a r .
(quotn.): (jag. s v ff. o r e (spell) srrtrirr 'pillar' in S a k . ic prosthetic. Survi\.es orllx(?) in sorrie
Snn. 71 v. 24: X w a r . strr(?) o r e d u r - 'Ali 50; N l i lanpuages a s ~ r n - I r a - I? I 1365; IIZ
xlv o r u t u r - Q ~ t t b200 (n~is-spcltrrrrr); Nahc. 707 and I<bak., and S W x r Anat. S D I ) 772.
240, 13-14; 399, I S ; o r u k o p - do. 287, 10: X a k . X I y1ra:dl: ne:D hn'rmh'l-gay' 'the t l i ~ n g
KIP. st11 01-rirnqn'm 'standinp still' (opposite to nSncdistant' k'nj. 111 88 fyrrn:r, y ~ r a : m a : k ) ;
01-lrornkn 'movenlent' t e p r e g ) iiru IIorr. 26, kii:tclen y1ra:sa: kAr~iilclci~y e m e : y i r n : r
2 1 ; (@nn f u r - ) and you say to someone 'out o f sight, nut of mind' 171 366, 1 2 : ICf?
you order to stand (hi'l-qi.~~irrr) orii: t u r g l l do. y l r n d l r n r n i ~ d i t lyigitlik at1 'the clcscrip-
43, 5 : zrv o r u : nighn ti-qij~irn'a way nf stand- tion "young man" has (lonp zincc) pnscccl fro111
in^ up' lri, I I : s v itis/~~trr'I-qi~drir tirii (and mc' 375; ('10 not take pnrt i r i clrlr:luchcs) y t r a
t i k ) l'rrlr. 36a. 8 ; (in explaining the use of idi 'keep a\wy' 5263; 0 . 0 . 156, 2 ~ 2 S: I V ilJrrh.(?)
for kdnn) one says bi t u r m l u d i , b i t u r u p t u r nh'ndo 'to he rct11otc, to remove' (k6:tir-, in
i d i , bi o r e t u r u p t u r i d i kCna1l-anrir qd'irn margin) 1:ra:- RiJ 102 (only): X w a r . xrv
mrtntosib 'the beg was standing upright', y l r a - 'to I,e distant' Qrrth 01: O s m . X I V and
hecairse o r e tirrr.rtnjgn bi-nighnti'l-qiydm 'is xvlr I r a - 'to hc distant' occurs twice and y l r a -
specially used for a \ray of standins up' do. oncc (XI\.) TT,S 1 3 5 3 ; 11 500.
67b. 1 1 IT.: O s r n . xlv to xvrr iirii tlur-
c.i.a.p. T T S 1 7 2 4 (urrr); II 756; I I I 567; I V irk-/irii:- 'to drcny, rot, putrefy'. Survivcs as
630; iiru '3 height' once in svr I V Ozg. i r i - (\vhich pro\.cP thnt the [ l y e , y - is pros-
thrtir) only in sc\Tral Nf: Ianguayrs fl [ I 437,
Dis. V. .\RA- lihak. and 'l'u~.. : ~ n dnlcri in NC: I<lr., I<zx.
I J y c . V I I I f f Rlan. ac_l[urt]~(?) e r n i y i r u p 'his
a n : - 'to he, or hccon~c,clean, pure'. S.i.s.tn.l., chceks and lips (begin to) rot' T T 11 16, 14:
hut rare. I I y e . v r ~ rff. RInn. :hrlmlg i-.iioiilliig I3ud. y i r i i m e d i n a r t a m n d l n '\\itflout decay-
k u t l u j i l a r 'blessed beings with pure minds' in^ o r gning hacl' Srrv. 530, 3 : X a k . X I y1Rn:y
T T I11 rzo: I3ud. a : r w 'he is pure' TI' Tz'III iri:di: 'the n-~)url(etc.) rotted' (hnliyo) because
A.45 (no Sanskrit equivalent); k i j z o m a:rl- of its great age; also used of hones when thcy
m a : & 'my eye mas not clean' do. C.17 (ditto): rot Knf. III 252 (iri:r, iri:me:k; in all forms
a y a g (sic) k111nqlar1 at-1~11 'their rnisdeeds the nlif is vocalized 00th with I;nsm and
x-rrc \ ~ a s h c d away' T T I l l 4, 15 ; a r x m a k dnnr~nn);eggij: e r siigiiki: iri:r (misvoc:~lizrd
s i i z i i i m e k 'to become clean and he purified' r,-i:r) atl: ka11:r 'the gnwl man's hones rot
Srte.. 63, 8-9; 0.0. T T I l f 12,40, etc. ( a l k t n - ) : (fabln) but his namc rcmains' 111367, 23.
Civ, k i r i a r l m a d l n 'without its drrt being
cleaned off' Ii I 66; i r i g a r t r 'the pus clears S i i r e - See iidre:-.
up' H II 12, 98: X a k . xr arl:dl: ne:g 'the thing
n a s clcan' (?nzr!fa) Kny. I 7 1 252 (arr:r,
ar1:lna:k): k I j b u e r i i l m e k i n ~ ta r l m a z ? F a r p a : 'hnrley'. S.i.:r.m.l.g. with minor phrl-
k i r i 'this man's (nior.ll) unclcanness is not nctic variations. I'r,sqil>ly an Indn-European
rlr:~ne<loff until he dics' 876; n r l g s r z n i (?'l'r~klrari;~n) 1.-IV. Scc Dorrfcr 11 445. l y &
ynlqrlk s u v u n y u p a r r r 'nlan washes his \,rrr f t hlan. n r p a q a s n q ~ i m l g 'scnttel-c(l
(physical) unclcanness olf with Ivatcr, and Iikr harlcy' 'If 111 40, -J (iii): Civ. a r p 1
hecomcs clean' 2108: srlr(?) 111. n e t o r l u g talkn111 'h;lrley nlml' E l 71 12, 01; :~.o. H I
ar19si.r. n r w y u m a k l n 'all kinds of unclean- 71-2 (ugre:): X a k . xt a r p a : nl-jn'ir 't,arlcy'
ness arc clmnetl OR'by washing ' I I r ; 0.0. I 12, IGy. 1 17.3 (PI-ov.): and 3 0.0.: ICN k n r l n
32s; Trf. a r t - 'to 1.c clcan' 57: srv ill~rh.(?) tocjsn n r p n y s l!;11~;7 h i r 01 'if thc I,clly is
trilrrrrn 'I(> I,c clean, purc' nr1:- Rjf. 130 (only): full, I>;irlcyo ~ r ds\r.cct-rncats arc n ~ u c l tlic
l same
(jag. s v tf. a r l : (-p) pak e.r nrr 01- 'to be clean thinc' 361 I ; 0.0. 3612, 4765, 4769 ( a q l m ) :
and pure' IrrI. 1 2 (quotn.); a r l - l a r l l - (spelt) S I I I ( ? )Trf.nrrpn 'harlcy' gc): srv ltfrrh. 01-m'ir
prih srn tnrrpfld ~rrdnrr ditto Snrt. 33'. 24 a r p a : n l d . 77, 1 3 ; Itif. I S I : (:fig. s v ff. a r p n
(quntns.): KIP. sv !~lrrrro a r u - Trill. z+a. 5. ('with -p-') r n i o 'harlcy' (alsr, the nnmc of a
erii:- (nf ice, fat, n a x , ctc.) 'to niclt, hccome rulrr of the i!ousc of Ciqpis) Snn. 3 6 ~ .25:
liquid'. S.i a.rn.1.g. \v. somc cxtcndcd mean- X w n r , x l r a r p a 'harlry' @ttO 1 0 : K o m . hrv
ings, usually a s e r i - hut \\,. some odd forms ditto C C I ; (;I..: KIP. X I I I 01-jn'ir a r p a : lforr.
(1, 1 0 : xlv ditto f d . I r ('with - p - ' ) ; 11111. 6, rg:
like ST: 7'urki n r u - Jnrrit1.q 219: occasionally
confused with irk-. X a k . st 4-a:c erii:di: s v ditto Knv. 61. 1 2 (spelt nrjn to rcprescnt
ciahn'l-.~nmn'the grease (ctc.) nlcltrrl' I h f . ZII -0-);Tlfl~.20b. 10.
252 ( e r u : r , erii:me:k); a.o., same phr. II VU?I' irvi: 11.o.a.b.; if the plant name is thc
198, 26: X I I ~ ( ?Tef.
) e r i - 'to melt' 81: S:a& original meaning no doubt a 1.-w., but therc
s v ff. eri-/Prll- (spelt) ~rt&.vtagrrdnn 'to be is no inlmcdiatcly obvious Sanskrit original.
melted' Snn. 97v. I (quotns.): X w a r . X I I I X a k . X I irvi: kula:k nl-rtdnu'l-nrrr'nlln10111'l-
e r i - 'to melt' 'Ali 39: K o m . srv 'to melt' i r i - -!rajr 'a long tapcring ear'; irvi: 'an I n d i m
(sic) C C G ; Gr.: Klp. x ~ ve r i - ('with front remedy (dorun' hindi) used for treating sick
vo\~cls')&iiin Id. 1 0 ; a.0. do. 57 (SIP): s v peoplc' K-0s. I 128.
&ib?baPri- Ttrlr. 16b. 3.
S(E) i r b i q See irbiv.
Ira:- 'to be distant; to keep :in.av (from srime-
tliit~p'4hl.)'; rare, but the N.1R.S. 1ra:k is D u r p e k N.'A.S. fr. *iirpe:-; 'dishevelletl,
cornnion, and its spellincs prove thnt the y - s h a z ~ y ,hriatlitlg', :111<1 the likc. Sur\,ivcs only
 ARB-
( ? ) in NC Klr., Kzx., and perhaps SW xx but the likeliest explanatton is that both are
Anat. o r p c k 'a large mushroom' S U D I r 16. Den. \'.s in -e:- and - c r - respectively fr.
Xak. X I iirpek (the - p - has three subscribed *ilrp. 'I'he modern forms iirpey- and the like
dots, possibly two of them added later) which survive in NC Klr., Kza. and N\V Kar.
a/-az'a! mino'l-hayawdn wa'l-n8s 'shaggy of T., Kk., and Noa. seem to go back to *iirpe:-
heast nr man' Kay. I 103: X w a r . x ~ vba9t rather than iirper-.
iirpek b o l s a 'if hi3 hcad is dishevelled' Nnhc.
380, 13; a.o. 400, 11: K o m . xiv 'crisp, crinkled' D Brpct- llap. leg.; Caus. f. of brpe:-. Xak.
iirpck CCC;; f;r.: Klp. xlv iirpek al-~a'afn X I 01 yrga:q 6rpetti: 'he gave orders for the
'a ctlrl or lock of hair' fd. 1 1 : Osm. x v ~ wood (etr:.) to he sawn with a saw' (bi-nofri'l-
i i r p ~ k'dishcvellcd' in one text ?'7',5'111 733, - x a ~ a b ma gayrihi bi'l mittpir) Knf. I 260
(6roetiir. 6roetme:k).
D arvlg Dev. N. fr. arva:-; 'a magic spell,
or charm'; used to translate Sanskrit dl~hrani. D tirpet- Caus. f, of *urge:-; 'to make (the
Became a I.-w. in Mong. as/arbis/arvis Kow. hair, etc.) dishevelled'. Survives as iirpeyt-
157, 164 (translated 'knowledge, erudition') and the like in the languages listed under
and survives only(?) in NE Tel. arb19 'witch- *iirpe:-. Xak. xr e r baqln iirpetti: 'the man
craft, incantation' R 1338. U Y ~V.I I I tT. Man. ruffled (sawa!a) his head (etc.)' Kaj. I 259
M 11 5 , 9 ( a n t a g ) : Dud. in T T 1fI 46s a r v q (iirpetur, iirpetme:k; RIS in error - m : k ) .
n o m b i t i g represents Sanskr~tdhCranisrifra;
the phr. dar(n)nr a r r t g occurs several times D a r v a l - Flap. leg.; Pass. f. of arva:-. Xak.
in T T V ; in Pfahl. 8, 1 3 Arvlg (niistran- X I arvlg nrvaldl: rrrgiya~r'l-rirqyo 'the spell
scribed Arvtk) T e g r i l n fen~nlcI'rr~per Namr; was cast' Kag. I 249 ( a r v a l u r , arva1ma:k;
0.0. T T V I 373-4 ( n o m ~ l ) U ; I I 58, 3 (ii): a r v l g mis-spelt arkrj).
X a k . xr Kaj. I 249, rz (arval-); 283, 1 9 D &pel- Pass. f. of 6rpe:-; n.0.a.b. IJya.
(arva:-); n.m.e.
VIII ff. Bud. (in a fragmentary text) k ~ n d a :
PU irbig 'the Siberian panther, Felis irbis'. pa:rml$ erpe:lkiiltig (sic) 'having gone to
Became a I.-w. in hlong. as irbis (Kozu. 324, the torture he will be sawn' Z'T VIII G.61:
llaltod 72) from which the word entered X a k , xr y t g a : ~ Qrpeldi: 'the wood was
European zoological t e r n ~ i n o l o yand was re- sawn u-ith a saw' (ntrgira . . . bi'l-minjCr); and
borrowed in N E Leb., Tel. i r b i s R I 1471. in the prov. aga:key (so spelt, but obviously
N E Tuv. irbig prob. preserves the original corrupt, perhaps read oga:rlp) Brpeldi: 1:g
pronunciation, but it might have been Irpiq. rtrida'l-amr bi'l-islah fa-nuyira ya'ni ttfsida
All the early occurrences are in Uya. where the 'it was wished to improve the business but it
alphabet is so ambiguous that the final sound was sawn, that is spoilt' Kag. I 244 (drpeliir,
is not quite certain; it was certainly not - S and 6rpelme:k).
both -q and - 2 arc itnprohable. Uyg. V I I I ff. ?D iirper- 'to hristle, stand on end', of hair,
Dud. irbig is included in lists of savage beasts and the like; perhaps Intrans. Den. V. fr.
with 'lion, leopard', ctc. in T T V I 116; Suo. *iirp, cf. * ~ r p t : - .sun rive^ only(?) in SW Az.,
331, 23; 599, 16; 610, 13; irbig k u d r u g ~ Osm. Xak. xi e r iirperdl: tanaffasn'l-rare1
translates Chinese pao wei 'panther's tail' wa'zbn'arm mina'l-$n$ab n7u li'l-qitzil 'the man
(Giles 8,697 12,601), the name of a constelln- panted and bristled with anger or in a fight';
tlon T?' V I 93; in U I V 44, 6 and I I appa- and one says taka:gu: iirperdi: taqazzu'a'l-
rcntly spclt irbiq. - h k Ii'I-qirzil 'the cock fluffed out its feathers
for a fight'; and one savs an19 yi:nl: tirperdi:
iqra'nrm rildtrhrr 'his skin had gooseflesh' Kay.
V l s . V. ARB- I 217 (iirperiir, iirprrme:k): O s m . X V I I I
arva:- 'to make magic, cast spells'. Survives, iirper- (spelt) rriyidnn-i snbza 'of a plant.
generally as a r b a - in some N E languages; to sprout'; and metaph. rCs/ yrrdarr-i mtiy-i
SE Tijrki; N C Klr., Kzx., and as a v r a - in S C andcim ecn dnmidan-i m!!-i nnru mIt8n 'of the
Uzb. Xak. xi ka:m arvrg (later niisvocalized lifiirs of the body to stand on end, and of a
a r v q in the MS.)arva:ds: rnqzi'l- ka11in rrrq-~~a young heard, to sprout' Son. 70s. 17.
'the sorcerer cast a spell' K a . I 283 (arva:r,
arva:ma:k): Gag. xv ff. a r i a - ojsrin kardan D arvag- Co-op. f. uf arva:-; 'to say spells
'to make magic' San. 34v. 23. together'. S.i.s.m.l. like arm:-. Xak. xr
ka:mla:r k a m u g a r v a q d ~ : haynnmnti'l-
6rpe:- Hap. leg., but see Brpet-, Brpel-. -5ahana bi-knlzim 'the sorcerers (all) mumbled
X a k , X I o l y~ga:q6rpe:di: 'he sawed (nasara) (certain) words'; also used when they cast
the wood'(etc.); and one says 01 ~ : g @Qrpe:dt: spells for ulcers (mqam min sa'fa) and the like
afsada'l-amr li-mri arrido ijlEhahlr 'he spoilt Kag. I 236 ( a r v a ~ u r ,arvagma:k).
the business in trying to improve it' Kay. I
271 (&rpe:r, 6rpe:me:k). I) iirpeg- Co-op. f. of *iirpe:- survive$
only(?) in NC K z x . Xak. X I e r e n iirpegti:
?D *iirpc:- 'to beshaggy, dishevelled', nnd the togn"aha'1-abfdl wa'zhn'arrri fiadabn(n) 'the
like, is not actually noted but must be the I>asis warriors bristled (EIend.) with rage'; also used
of iirpek, iirpet-, iirpeg-; its relationship to of other people K ~ ~ y 1. 229 ( i i r p e g k r , iirpeg-
the practically spnoilyrnous iirper- is obscure, me:k; verse).
slrr a r t - 'to ~ncrcasc' ',4ti 29: xlv ditto MAr i i r t - 'to covcl-, ronccnl (something Arc.)'.
483, etc.; Qirfh facsimile 8Sv. 2 1 ; qgv. 12: KIP. Survivcs in N W Iiaz. and S W Az., Osm.,
x~v a r t - zrida fd. l o ; zddn'l-$0:' nnjs:~hu'the 'I'krn. Uya. V I I I ff. Dud. y P r l g i i r t u p 'cover-
thin^ increased of its own accord' s r l t l : But. inp the earth' 'I'?'1' 6, 45-6; Sanskrit
45r. : s v zado a r f - Knv. 78, .f : O s m . x ~ v arta prn/irrh(i(l~yoti'it covers' u r t e : r (sic, perhaps
d u r - 'tn po on ic~crcas~ng ; xvr s r t a v n r - the orifiinal protluticietio~i) 7'7' C'III G.60;
ditto 7'TS I 43. y q u r m a z r n e n baturrnazmen iirtrnezmen
I
k l z l e m e z m e n 'I do not hide, suppress, cover
1 e r t - nnrtnally Intrans.,'tn pass' it1 all the usual over o r conceal' (my sins) Suv. 138, 1-2: X a k .
meanings of that English word r.g. (of time) 'to xr 01 Brttl: ne:gnl: 'he concealc<l (rotnro) the
pass'; (of an ~llness)'to pass off'; (of physical thing' Kay. 111 425 ( o r t e : r , 0rtrne:k): K B
nlovement) 'to pass'(frnm one place to another); (clothing) etijz o r t g i i 'to cover the I,ody' 4773;
occasionally 'I'rans. 'to pass' (e.g. a place); i n ki$i ' a y b ~a q m a s e n i i r t u p y l t u r 'do not I
a few passages in UyR. Bud. it is a 'I'rans. with rcveal a man's shame; cnver it u p and suppress
'sin' o r the like as Ohject, and in this case jt' 6096; tiglcle u v u t k f t t i i i r t r n e z y u z i n
seems t o mean 'to commit persistently' (the women have lnst thrir mndcsty and d o not
conclusion in T T I [ / 14, nrpte A . I I that veil thcir facrs' 6474: ~ I I I ( ?Try.) iirt- ( I ) 'to
this must bc a different vcrh IS irnprohnble). cover (something Ilot. o r uze) with (something
Survives only(?)in lnost NJi Ianpuapcs. T h r - Acc.); (2) 'to suppress, i.c. f ~ ~ r g i v(sins c Acc.)'
k u V I I I ( I niol~ilizedthc ormy o f thc On O k ; 248: x ~ vAfith. jn!fA 'to cover, conceal' ii:rt-
\re, too. took the ficld nnrl) a n l : e r t ( t ) i r n i z Aid. 29, 7 ; I < I ~ . nl-to?!iyn i i r t r n e k (spelt
I 13;
'\retit past t h e ~ n ' . . . (grc~j:r:~phicnl nnme) -1rrrrk in crror) 36, I ; 121: X w n r . X I I I iirt-
t a g r g e r t u 'poinp pnTt the . . . tnountain' 'to covrr' 'Ali 28; S I V ditto Qrrlh 124; MN I
' I ' J ~ ;vllr ff. Rlan. h u e t o z d e n e r l l g l i 'when 132; 'to suppress (sins)' Nnlrc. 240, 7: Klp.
he passes from this body (i.e. incarnation)' xrlr sotorn tnj3rok iirt- (vocalized uriit-) Iloir.
111 III 17, 2-3 (i); 18, 13-14; a.o. T T I1 36, 12: Z I V Art- ('with front vowel') gaff5
15, 7-8 (erki:): U y g . ~ I I ff. I Dud. Sanskrit fd. 1 0 ; UttI. 67b.: s v ditto Ttrf. 27a. 12 (spelt
rrpdtic,rttri 'those who have passcd away' oriif-). I
ertmig1e:r TT V I I I A.7; drirafigci 'difficult
to pass' a l p ertgu1ukle:r do. A.14; k a l t ~a l t ~ Dls. ARD
k u n e r t l p b a r d 1 'when six days had passed' D o r u t Pass.(?) Dev. N./A. fr. o x - ; lit.
PP 20, 1-2; k a l ~ ns a t l g q l l a r y o l a y u e r t g e l i 'reaped', in practice (grass) 'which has been
s a k ~ n s a r'if a company of merchants con- reaped and left out on the ground to wither'.
template passing(through, a r a , hostile peoples) Pec. to Xak. X a k . XI o r u t (unvocalizrd) o t
in the course of their journey' I<iran. 43; 0.0. 01-dorcil tca htrrvn'l-ttnhfrr't-'nnri 'limp withered
11 I1 22, 22; 81, 69; U III SS, 3 ( l n d l n ) ; pmss, that is Inst )-car's grass' I(o$. 1 5 0 ; o r u t
Iiiien-ts. 234, 2116; T T I'III , . J . I ~45. , etc.- otan y a v u r t l ~ : jinmorn't-nohrtr'l-!ari~~r~'I-do-
iilut o l i i r m e k k a r m a p a t t i : llzntl c r t s e r 'if rcilo'l-lrntrrid 7cn hrr~cn'l-trohtrr'l-'nnri 'the fresh
hc persists ior a long time in thc sin o f killin?' grass has covered the limp ragged grass, that
I? I11 4, 13-14; o n k a r m a p n t e r t m e k a y l g is lnst year's grass' 11 79, 1 9 ; kuyiirdl: o r u t
kllrnq 'the xr-ickcrl deed of pcr-si~tir~g in the (voc;~lizccl nrrrt) o t (the fil-c) '11:ls hurnt thc
tensins' U I V 4 o , 190-1; a.o. '1'TIV.+, 11-12: limp withrrcd grass' I1 133, 15: K R s n k a l
Civ. a d a s 1 e r t e r 'its dancer passes over' TT b o l d ] y a z k ~gulaf t e g o r u t 'my heard has
1'11 14, 21 and 32, rtc.; n.o. T T I 4 5 (u2ra:-): 1)rcoilic withrrcd like a spring rl)sc9 5639;
S n k . X I iicjleg e r t t i : nr,~~~ri'l-zo~rr,ii~ 'time s:llne phr. 'my hair' 5697.
passed'; and one says e r evltldcn e r t t i :
cdwozo'l-rnrrrl min baytihi 'the man passed out f r t e : 'the early morning'; in the carly period
of his house', also used of anyone o r anything usi~allyassociated with 1 t a n 'dawn'; in thc
which ?node rmn cdruazn 'an mnrcdi' I(o$. III medieval period it developed two contrary
. + z j (erte:r, e r t m e : k ) ; (if difficulties arise, meanings; ( I ) 'carly tomorrow morning; to-
he patient) e r t e r (sic) teyii 'saying "they will morrolv'; (2) 'earlier than this', i.e. in the past.
pass" ' I11 233, 15: K I I 01 e r t e r 6 d u n 'at the S.i.a.rn.l.g. with variations in the initial vowel
time when hc passes on (to th,e next world)' which point to an original Qrte: and sometimes
1 9 ~ 5 :Gag. xv ff. after a r t - to increase' a with - n ( e r t e n , etc.). Cf. 2 y a r l n . U y g . V I I I ff.
second meaning tnyy ,ctldnn 'to be crossed, I3ud. t a ~ d as a y u 6 r t e t u r l l p 'rising early
traversed' is added wit11 a quotn., clearly a every morning' USD. 60, Ia. I 5 ; 0.0. Snv. 4, 9
mispronunciation of e r t - Son. 3 5 r 5. (olutqi:); IIiirn-is. 1966 ( a a t u r - ) : Civ. t a g
e r t e TT V I I I , 24, and 31: X a k . X I Qrte:
\IUD 2 ert- in U y g . ~ I I ff. I Bud. Hiieil-ts. 01-brrkra 'thc early morning' Knr. I 124: KB
1981 the C!inese phr. fn chiatig (Giles 3,366 t a p u g d a k ~ y i l m a d le r t e t u r u 'he did not , ,
1,212) lit. dltnrtnn general' i.e. 'a monk of fail ill his duty, rising early in the morning'
outstanding character' is transhtyd n o m 607: XIII(?)At. b u mB1 k e l s e e r t e b a r u r bZiz
e r t g t i s i 'leader(?) of the dr)ctrinc, chiang k f q e 'if this wealth cotnes early i n the morning
being taken as a verb 'to lead'. If this is so, it goes away again late at night' 184; Trf. e r t e
e r t - scenis t o be the Cnus. f. of 2 6 r - and pre- 'in thc carlv morning' 83: xlv Af~rh.al-cndri 'to-
sunlahly survives in NC 1Cz.t. 6 r t - 'to take morrow' Prte: 11fel. 80, I ; Ri/.184; layla god
(sonleone) with one, allorv (him) to follow 'ionlorrow night' Brte: gecesi: 80,,9 (Hv.
y a r l n tiinle:): q a g . xv it. P r t e hy ~tselfand in
185
one' R 1 7 9 0 ; MIM 144. 1
 phr. like d r t e c a g d a all translated n:r.elhi ordu:f! hasdl: 'hnstile 0 g u t attacked the
zo~nanda we nxrrl ger~nlerzle qoditn grl~nler royal camp' I N 8 ; orr1u:g bermedl: 'he did
'in the (remote) past', (quotns.), rjne containing not surrender the royal camp' I N 9: vrrr ff.
h n r tnrj Q r t e ; and Prte also means ynrrnhr x a n 01u:rlpan ordu: yapmt:? 'the son came
giin anrl ~.nrrrrhr $nhdir 'tomorrow; tomorrow to the throne and erected a royal residence'
~tlornina'(rluotn.;.) Vc!. 50; Prte (spelt) ( I ) I r k B 28; a.o. do. 34: Man. ikl y a r u k o r d u
sribiq 'formrr' (quotns.); (2) awwnl Icaqf 'time igre 'in the two palaces of light' Chrras. 15:
past' (cluotns.); (3) metaph. (sic) ihfidd-yi rrihh Uyg. (VIIIo r d u : in $u. E 8 is an error, see E
'the start of the morning', just as a k g a m is akslrak): vllr ff. Man.-A O r d u k e n t geo-
nrurt.al-i jab 'the heginning of the night' graphical namc M 1 2 6 , 30; 27. 6 (see Xak.):
(quotns.) Son. 99r. 22; erteg nrc.rcnl-i rubh Man. Iki y a r u k o r d u M 1 29, 9; 30, I ;
do. 9 9 ~ .3 : X w a r . XIII(?)a n d l n sol) Crte anoqagan o r d u t a t u g k u iiqiin 'in order to
boldt tag Crte gagda keldl 'after that it was be born (again) in the palace of immortalitp'
the early morninp, he came parly at dawn' T T I11 140; similar phr. do. 165; a y tegri
0k. 31-2; 35-6; 0.0. 222, 331: xiv e r t e 'early' o r d u s ~. . . kUn tegri o r d u s ~'the heavenly
Qirfh 51 ; (he used to pray) tiinle (ro read) mansion of the moonisun god' M I11 7, 6-7
e r t e k e tegi 'at night until early morning' (v): Bud. a y tegri o r d u s t T T V 4, 5; tugrt
Nnhc. 233, 16; (no one knows) iidam oRlt o r d u d a k l m a y t r l 'Maitreya (nuddha) in the
e r t c nQ k l l g u s ~t u r u r 'what a man is going
to do tnmorrow' do. 234, 10: K o m . X I V 'early,
Tuvita palace' T T I V lo, 31; o.n. PP 39, 3;
42, 7; 43. 5; U 25, 19;,USP., 30%3-4 etc.:
-
in due ,time', e r t e ; 'in former tirnes' e r t e Civ. o r d u celest~al mans~on' ( ~ na calendar
g a k t a ; dawn t a n e r t e CCI, CCG; Gr. 93: rext) T T VII 4, 1 etc.: xiv Chin.-Uyg-. D~cI.
KIP. X I I I hirkm Qrte:, also uscd for a/-2nd 'to- ktrng 'palace' (Giler 6,580) o r d u 1,igeti 188;
morrow' Iforr. 28, 13: xrv Crte: ol-zari fd. 10; R I 1072: Xak. X I ordu: qnpbatit'l-malik 'a
finda(n) Qrte: (also tanda:, yarln) Brtl. 13, 6: king's capital'; hence the town of KHggar is
xv sni~nr 'dawn' Q r t e Tfrh. 19a. 4: O s m . called Ordu: k e n d that is 'the residence and
xrvff. e r t e p r t e c.i.a.p. in numerous phr.; capital of the kings': O r d u : a qo:aba near
at first 'early morning', by XVI usually 'to- BalisH&in; and Ballsii@n is also called Ku:z
morrow'; no trace of 'former times' T T S I Ordu: from this; o r d u : bagr: ismu'l- farrat
274; I1 393; 111261; IV 305; e r d e n 'early' li'l-mulrik 'the word for the kings' personal
occasionally in XV,XVI,11 389; 111257. servant' Kap I 124: K B kelip tegdi Cl(1)ig
t u r u r o r d u k a 'the king arrived and took
ordu:, ortu: Preliminary note. This i.r one of up residence in the capital' 487; karqt o r d u
the feru caws in ruhich two words se~nantically t u r a 'the palace, the capital, the fortress'
diflercnt are, a t any rate in Tiirkii and Xnk., 5263; a.o. 310 (iikiil-): xrr(?) K B V P k a y u
kend, ulug, o r d u , kargr, yPr-e 'every town,
rtiflcrcnfinfed plronrfically nrily hy the difference country, capital, palace, and place' 26: x ~ v
bclturcn - r d - nnd -rt-; in lJy,@.,oruirf~to tkr Midz. drirrl'l-rimlik 'royal residence' ordu: Me/.
nrnbigrrity of the scrifil, otily the contest can 75, 15; Rif. 179 (adding rcn lrallairihu 'and
drcide ruhich roord is intended. Tlrr second is his quarter of the tom-n'): CaR. xv ff. o r d u
sfirll o r t o in 1.7' VIII, arrci tirrfncf thnr irr nrozf (spelt) xayinngZIt-i solZ!irr 'royal encampment'
ttroderf~1atrguclg.r~bolh words now etrd ill - a (quotns.); o r d a (spelt) linmm, ya'ni xdna ki
strg,:'rsts that originnlly both cndrd in -0:. I t is zandn-i snld!itr run akdhir dar dncd bcijnnd 'the
proh. thnt flrr words, rt~tcrrrinr 1 otrd 2 ordu:, harem, that is the residence of the wives of
ltrrrre a comnion origin, birt as thc~) lrnd deweloped kings and nobles'; o r d a begi his-i rafid-i
!taram 'the white eunuch of the harem' San.
qriite diffcrrnt nr~nningsby xr thry have hcm 71r. 14 (orda is proh. a reborrowing from
enfcred separntdy; - r d - ic an rrnrrsrinl comhina- Rlong.): X w a r . xlrl khl o r d u k a 'come to the
tioti of soccnds in Tiirkii nrld suggests that this is royal residence' 02.255; a.o. 270: xrv o r d a
n I.-ro., cf. 2 kargl:. (sic) 'palace' Qrtih I 18: Kom. xrv 'royal court'
o r d a (sic) C C I ; G r . : Osm. xrv, xv o r d u
1 ordu: (ordo:) originally 'a royal residence', (once ordr) 'encampment' in Dcde (Rorsi, p.
that is 'palacc' or 'royal camp' as the circum- 343; orda in T T S I 5 4 9 is a mistake); 'military
stances demandrd; in the religious (nu!. and camp' in two texts I11 548.
Man.) texts also 'a heavenly mansion . An 2 ordu: (ordo:) 'the hole of a rodent, etc.'.
early I.-w. for 'palace, royal camp' as ordo in Survives as o r d a l o r d o in NE Dar., Tel. R I
Mong. (Haenisch 125). Survives in NE Tuv. 1072, and IZhak.; NC Ktr., Kzx. R I I O ~ Zand ,
o r d u ; S E Tiirki orria Show 20, 133 761, Jar- N W Kk. Xak. XI ordu: niifiqd'u'l-yarbri wa
ring 215 (with See. f.a); N C Klr. o r d o ; I b s . hucru'l-mabr a n maskan krrN haymiin tahta'l-ard
o r d a ; S C Uzh. Orda; NW Ick., Nag. o r d a ; 'the hole of n jerboa, the burrow of a marmot,
SW Az., Osm. o r d u , 'I'km. o r d a . In S\V Az., and the subterranean abode of any animal'
Osm. it came to mean 'a royal camp', thence Kaj. I 124.
any 'military camp' and finally, in military
terminology, the Iar.eest type of military forma- ortu: (orto:) orininally 'the middle, or centre,
tion, 'army'. Elsewhere it retained its original of anything', hence 'situated in the middle,
meaning, but there nre indications that in medium, n ~ i d d l i n ~ 'with , some extensions
some languages i t was rcborroaed fr. Mong. af meaning, esp. in S W . S.i.a.m.l.g., almost
See Domfer 11 452. Tiirkii VIII O g u z ya&: always as o r t a , with one or two forms with
 DIS. ARD
e r i i r 'it is cxtrctnely numcrnus' Y.7' II 8 , 61 : 'six ~ r hof land held in common with Mchmed
U y R vrlr if. Man.-A h8g ytiz a r t u k ~ekl Moqkol the true debtor' (the last two words
otuzunq y ~ l k a'in the ~ ~ 2 year' n d M I 12. might be another Proper Name); in OSp. 30,
15-16: I h d . a r t u k in 1'7' V I I l spelt a r t o k , 7 o r t a k l looks like a N.1A.S. in -k1 'situated
a r t t o k , a:rttok, is very common; ( I ) in in the middle', but o r t u k in 30, rz seems to
numerical cxprcssions, c.g. otuz a r t u k ulug be this word, meaning obscure: Xak. X I o r t u k
81 u l u g l a r ~ g'more than thirty great realms al-garik 'a partner' Kay. I 9 9 (prov. see a r t u k ) ;
and countries' SIIW. 3, 20; blr a y a r t u k bori:nig o r t u k (vocalized ortak) kuzgu:nnug
'more than a month' PP 68, I ; (2) meaning 'a ylga:c ba:ptnda: 'meaning "the crow is the
largc amount', e,g. k a m u g tlnllglarka partner (yujdrik) of the wolf in hunting and
a r t u k a s @ k ~ l u m a e a y m e n 'I shall not he what the crow catches is (put) at the top of a
able to do a great deal of good to all mankind' tree" ' 1430, 28; o r t u k bolup biligdi: 'he was
PI' 34, 6-7 a.0. do. 67, 8 ( a ~ l n - ) (3) ; with my partner (jdraka tnu'i) and knew me inti-
some suggestion of excessive~css,c.g. i g k e m mately' 111 71, 17 (the first and last clearly
e m g e k l n a r t u k b u l u p 'fi d ~ n gthe p a ~ nof vocalized orfuk, the second and third ortak):
his illness (tiend.) excessive' U I11 35, 19-20; K B (a servant) beg1 birle o r t u k 'in partner-
( 4 ) i r ~TI$.46a. 3 ff. there is a string of iden- shrp with his master' 2997: XIII(?)Tef. o r t a k
tical phr. in which is seems to represent a step 'partner' 238: xrv hfrth. nl-jarik orta:k Mel.
in amount t e p r e d i a r t u k tepredi tiizii 49, I 5 ; Iiif. 144: Gag. xv ff. o r t a g l o r t a k (hy.
t e p r e d l 'he moved, he moved more, he implicatir~n 'with o-') yrrrik ma ral~irn('asso-
n~clvedas much as he could1: Civ. (if a parti- ciate') San. 711. 9 (quotn.): Xwar. x ~ ov r t a k
cular remedy is applied) a r t u k epgii bolur 'it 'partner' Qrdb I 19: Korn. xlv 'partner' o r t a k
brcomes much better' H I 133; a r t u k iqser CCI, Gr.: KIP. xrlr 01-yarik orta:k Hau. 32,
b o l m a z 'if he drinks more than that, it does I I ; 41, 6; ~iiraka mina'l-yirka ma' gaqrak
not help' do. 171-2: Xak. X I a r t u k of-ziyzda orta:k bol- do. 41, 5: x ~ vo r t a k ('with back
'an increase, an excessive amount' Kay. 2 9 9 ; vowels') 01-jarik Id. I I : xv yirka o r f a k Tuh.
o r t u k e r d e n a r t u k a1ma:s 'a partner does zIa. 10; muwtisi~a 'mediation' o r t a k do. 35b.
not take too big a share (ziydda fil-qisma) from 3 : O s m . xv o r t a k (in phr.) 'partner' in two
his partner' I 99, 5; a.o. 11 137, 6 (kosiil-): texts TTS I1 735; I V 612.
KB iikiig s 6 z d e n r t u k a s @ k a r m e d i m
'I never saw much advantage in verhosity' 171; D e r t i g Hap. leg.; Conc. N. fr. 1 e r t - ; lit.
id1 a r t u k e r d e m k e r e k iig bilig (a world- 'something over which one passes'. Xak. xr
conqueror) 'needs a very large amount of e r t l g 01-!ariqrc'l-ntasltik 'a beaten track' Kay. I
manly qualities, intellect, and knowledge' 103.
281; o.o., similar meaning, 629, 758, 837 (1
a:r-): XIII(?) At. a r t u k t l l e m e 'do not ?D ilrdek a generic term for 'duck', particular
ask for more' 190: Tef. a r t u k 'very great; varieties being distinguished by qualifying
superior'; i k l iiq. yilz a r t u k 'over two or three Adjs. or Nouns. Exceptionally Kay. consis-
hundred (years)' 60; a.o. 72 (egsuk): X I V fently translates a r d e k 'goose' and ka:z
Mrth. 01-ziyzrfa a r t u k Me!. 54, 14; Rif.,r51 : duck', but this must be an error. Morpho-
Gag. xv ff. a r t u k (nnd a r t u k s ~ ) zrylna logically perhaps Dev. N. fr. 1 o:r- (the bird)
wa ajsrin 'excess, nhundance' San. 36- 27: 'which rises' (from the water). T h e meta-
X w a r . xltr a r t u k r a k / a r t u g r a k 'more' 'Ali thesized fnnn in Suv. (of which the hlS. is
rg: X I V a r t u k 'more, superior (to others); XVIII)muqt be a Sec. f.; it survives as odiirek
cxccss' Qrtt11 I I ; M N 173, rtc.; h'ahc. 41 I , 15: in NE 'l'uv. and the ccccntric forms in Xwar.
K o m . xrv 'extremely, excessive(1y); (with prc- and IZlp. may also go back to it. S.i.a.m.l.g.,
ceding Ahl.) more than' a r t u k l a r t u x CCI, normally as o r d e k and the like. See Doerfe~I1
CCG; Gr. 41 (quotns.): O s m . x ~ v f f .a r t u k 450. Uyg. V I I I ff. Bud. (oxen, sheep, swine)
(once a r t u x ) consistently till xvr, sporadically k a z Bdirek t a k l g u 'geese, ducks, and poultry'
thereafter, then a r t l k , c.i.a.p.: normally with Suet. 4, 12: X I V Chin.-Uyf. Dict. 'duck'
preceding Abl. 'more than'(occasiona1ly 'other o r d e k Ligeti 190: Xak. sr o r d e k a!-izcazz
than'), also by itself 'abundant, superfluous'; 'goose' Kay. I 103 (prov.); 1222, 18 (yu2a:k)
b i a~r t u k 'over rooo' in xlv, y ~ al r t u g u n and 4 0.0.: K B o r d e k in a list of birds 72:
'over a year' in xv TTS I 42 R.; I1 56 ff.; I11 xlv Muh.(?) al-bop 'duck' o r d e k Mel. 73, 5
~ Q R .1; v 4 2 f f . (added to the text in one MS. only): X w a r .
Brdek 'duck' Qttth 123; e w r e k ditto 23;
D o r t u k (ortok) apparently Den. N. fr. 6vrek ditto 62; bvek? ditto 53; iivrek ditto
ortu:, but the function of the Suff., normally 125: T k m . X I I I al-bat) 6:rdek Hou. 10, 6 :
Diminutive, is obscure; 'partner'. Recame xrv 6 r d e k 01-bag Id. 10; KIP.(?) e w r e k
o r t a k at a fairly early date (the MS. of Kay. al-ba!f wa'l-axdar ('green') do. 26; al-halt
where the scribe tended to substitute the later e w r e k (unvocalized)/yordek (sic) Bul. I 1, I 3 :
form must have been written during the transi- xv ha! o r d e k Ttrh. 7b. 3.
tional period). S.i.a.m.l.g., o r t o k in NE Alt.,
Tel. R I 1071 6 N C Klr. and o r t a k elsewhere. D ortiig Conc. N. fr. a r t - ; originally 'cover-
See Doerjer I1 446. Uyg. vrrr ff. Civ. o r t u k ing' in general (Uyg. Man. 'covered' may be
seems to occur in two damaged and obscure the Pass. Dev. N./A. in -iik, 'covered' not
texts; in USp. 55, 26-7 M e m e t Moggol q.ln, otherwise recorded); in modem languages
btekqi bile o r t u k a l t l qtk yCr might mean usually more specifically 'head-covering, veil'.
 DIS. A R D
Survives in SIC Tar. ortu: R 1 1236; NC 1<1r. srv (VLJ) irtlin (rlR'I unvocalizcd) nl-/)n\.rlor
u r t u k ; SC Uzh. u r t u k Hor. 4x0 (tlescribed 'threshing-floor; bnrn' 111. 10.
as 'literary', ?niistranscr~hrd):S \ V A z . , Osm.
o r t u ; 'I'kni. o r t u k . l i y g . V I I I IT. Man. 01 1) o r t l i i g J'.N.!A. fr. i i r t ; 'I)l;~zing,flaming'.
y a r u k i i r t u k (?sic) s n y u 'every time that N.o.a.1,. (Jyg. ~ I I ff. I Iluil. nvlg t a r n u d a k ~
a r t l u g y a l l n l ~ gy k r d e 'in a Idazing (Ifend.)
light is obscured' (the mansion of the moon
~ o isd near the mansion of the sun god) M III place situated in the nrici hell' T?'I V 10,
7, 5 (v): Bud. iirttig t ~ d r ~ l a r t'coverings g 25-6; ortliig (sic) tarnu:da:kl 'situated irl
and obstacles' U 11 33, 5 ; 42, 9 : Civ. i i ~ the blazing hell' T T V l l l N.12: X w a r . s l l r
ktcjlglig b i r klcjlgslz t o r i o r t u g u g b k r d i m ortlii 'fiery' 'Ali 46: Korn. S I V 'flaming (hell)'
'I gave four coverlets, threc with Oordcrs and o r t l i / o r t l i k CCG; G'r. 184 (quotns.).
one without' USp. 79, "-12: Xak. X I o r t u g I) e r d e r n Den. N. fr. 1 e r ; etyrn~~logically
'the covering' (nl-nttra) over anything, for 'manlv qualities', csp. 'bmvcry', hut more
example the saddle-cluth (01-Rrijiyn) over a commonly used in a broader s c ~ ~ for s e 'good-
saddle, and the brocade (nl-dibu'c) which is ness, virtue, good qi~alities' and sometimes
laid on the tombs of notables; and also g-i!ci' applied to things as wcll as pcr~plc.In liyk.
kt111 p y ' 'the cover, lid, roof', ctc. of anything sonietimcs appeal-s mctathcsized as e d r e m .
KO?. I 103: K H b n y a t t a p @ b a r q a k e r e k An early loan-word in Rlong. where it xvns
S r t i i g u n 'God's \vorship must always be originally i~sctl for 'cr>~npctcnce,cliiciency,
p e r f n r ~ ~ i eunder
~l cover' 3919; m a o n 6 r t i i g capahility' (Ilnr~rrisck 44) and lntcr also for
e r d i bu sijzler neFe kiitiirdu!) b u lirtiig 'w.isdor11, kno\vlcdge' (Koru. 260, Ilnlrod 60).
s e n aydtg a q a 'these words were some- NI.: 'Tur.. e r t e r n 'knomledge, scicnce' I'a/. 587
what obscure to me; you have removed this is n o douht reborrowed fr. Mong., but SW xx r
obscurity and spoken explaining them' 5818: Anat. ertletn/erden 'virtue, excellence' S D D
srll(?) Tef. o r t u g 'covering, curtain', ctc. 249: 542 is a direct survival. See Doerfer I1 451.
nrv i2lttlr. (among words relating to buildings) 'riirkii vrrr alp: e r d e m i : 'his bravery and
01-ti!<' 'the roof' e w o:rtu:gI: Me!. 76, 3 ; manliness' IT. 4 ; 0.0. do. 7 and 12: V I ~ Iff.
Rij. 179; (among furnishings, etc.) 01-nif' e r d e : m occurs several times in the Toyok I
'leather floor-covering' 6:zgii:g 67, 15; 6:r- docr. (ETI' 11 57-9) as a technical term for
gu:g 168 (both corruptions of 0:rtii:g): Gag. 'the magical quality, virtue' of a precious stone:
xv ff. o r t u k ('with -k') &tdlii . . . maxfi Yen. phr. like e r d e m u c u n and e r e r d e m
mn'ndstita 'hidden, concealed' Vpl. I O I ; u ~ i i n'because of his manly clualities' are
ijrtuk liircif cca ptijti ki ba-brila-yi xmud common Afal. 29, 4 and 7 etc.: U y a . V I I I ff.
pufn~rd'a covering or garment that people &Ian.-A y6ti torliig e r d e n ~ t ev l r u 'by means
drape over themselves' San. 71r. 2: KIP. of his (Xormuzda's) severi kinds of (~nagic)
x ~ viirtu: (so read, most MSS. in error ortuk) powers'MI15,17--18: bran. e r d e m sevinq'tllc
rrl-Ri!A' fd. t o : xv(?) in tnargin in S W ( ? ) hand special virtue and attractiveness' (of the \I1ind
01-gitu'' iirtu Ttrh. 26b. 6. God) Tl'irrd. 4, 24, 44: Dud. k u a n $1 ~m p u s a r I
k u t a d m a k e r d e m i 'IZuan-$1 In1 Huclhisatt\~a's
1) 6rtgii:n Conc. N. fr. o r t - ; ctytnologically power to bcsto\\r good fortune' KII~IN.60;
'sotncthing covered', in practice 'haystack' similar phr. 71, 218; ertlernke (v.1. e d r e m k e )
and the like. Survives only it1 NK Qor R I t u k e l l i g e r d i l e r 'they were perfected by thc
1842 and Kh:~k. iirtiin 'thrcnlring-Roor'. 'The (magical) prr~vcr'(of the great dlriirrr!~i)7'7' V I
status of the KIP. word is uncertain; it may be- 352; kentiiniig y n r u k kuqliig boguliig
long here. but RIong. irtder 'balcony, raiscd plat- e r d e m i n (v.1. e d r e m i n ) 'by his own bright,
form' (Korv. 279, FIaltod 62) was borrowed, as strong, n~agic power' do. 354; n.0.0.: Civ.
i n d i r l ~ n d l r ) in some NW languages to o t n u g e d r e n l l 'the virtue of the remedy'
represent 'threshing-floor' and is listed in I11 11 6, I : 0. Klr. 1s ff.e r d e m and e r e r d e m
Ko~ii.s ~ vGr. 273; it sunives in NW Kar. are comnion A%/. 2, 3 ; 5, I ete.: X a k . SI
R I 1364, Koru. 194 and in Sly xx Anat. e r d e n ~ul-odnb run'/-ntanqaba 'refined man-
S O D 771 (from one place only); the KIP. ners, merits' Knj. I 107 (prov.); 11 343, 19
word might be a metathesis of this. Uyg. (ogul-); about a dozen 0.0. translated al-adab,
V I I I fT. Civ. in a contract for the sale of land 01-mairqnba or both; exceptionally in I 2 5 2 , 18 I
USp. IOU, 18-20 the boundaries are described translated al-[~iknt rurr'l- 'iltn 'wisdom, know-
as: E. B u r x a n k u l l n l g o r t g u n ; S. 'the big ledge': ICI3 e r d e m is fairly common in the
road'; W. 'Tagut's land'; N. B u y a n ~ u k n u g same meaning ns in Knj., e.g. (God created
o r t g u n ; it must here mean 'stackyard' or the man, and cllose him) a g a r bGrdi e r d e m bilig
like: Xak. SI 6 r t g u : n al-;cubrn 'a heap (of cut 08 u k u $ 'He gave him refined manners,
corn and the like)' Kaj. III 412; s o n d l l a : ~ kno\vledgc, intelligence, and understanding'
*:$I: errne:s 6rtgii:n tepme:k 'it is not the 148; similar phr. 278, 465; in 284-5, 672-3.
wren's job to thresh the stacked corn' (daqqrr'l- 683 it mcans 'merit, virtue', a s opposed to
-ktrds) 1 526, 22: s a b a n d a : s a n d r q , bolsa: m i i n 'defect, vice': XIII(?)At. a y a gHhlln
ortgii:nde: irte:$ bo1tna:g 'if there are e r d e r n l e r i n s a n a g a n . 'oh you, who (try
quarrels at the plough, there will be no dis- to) count niy king's virtues' (can you count
putes fi PBlati'l-subra wa'l-ktrds I 402, zo; the grains of sand?) 59: Gag. xv ff. 6 r d e m
Jrdlnta'l-ktrds I1 214, 5 ; maqtu'l-kuds 111 416, sipdhilik wn silcih~rirlukmahrirot 'skill in mili-
23; these n ~ u s all t mean 'when the crop is being tary matters and the use of arms' Vel. 51
stacked': S I V iTltrh.(?) Rf. 150 (2 ot): Klp. (qi~otn.);ertlern (?;pelt) ftrfriirt-i frrrrisiynt rcn I
 D I S . V. A R D -
ridfib-i rindkiknri 'thc scirncc of chi\.alrv and Dls. V. A R D -
the niiliiary arts' (quotns.); the Rzinti &ltlior 1) a r l t - Cnuc. f. of art:-; 'to clean, or purify
(i.e. Vel.) in one plnce rcad 6rdern a? ryriini (something Acc.); to cleanse (something
(spelt) and indcxed it under nlif mnftriha and Acc.. of dirt, ctc. Abl.); 'to clean (dirt, etc.
in another place rcad it as Prd~tnand indexed Act.) off (something Ahl.)'. S.i.a.m.1.g. w.
it under alif mnks~irn;and in both places gave minor phonetic changes like a r t - in some NE
the followine quotn. (quoted) as an example; and NC l a n ~ u a ~ e sUyg. . V I I I ff. Man. (like a
Nasiri followed him and rccognizcd cyriinr man who sweeps) a r l t i r 'cleans' (and sets
and Prdem as synonyms, and gave them this in order a house) Wind. 35: Bud. Sanskrit
meaning; both were in error Son. 99v. 3 (the nirdhdnfamalG 'whose impurities have been
quotn. does in fact occur twice in Vel., but wiped away' a:ritmrg kirligle; T T VIII
not under drdcm, it occurs under eyrum and E.48; a r r g s ~ z l a r ~anr i t l p 'wiping away his
iiriim spelt with alij ma&mitna): X w a r . X I V dirt' (on the body of the sick monk) U I11 38,
e r d e m l e r d e m 'manliness' Qlltb 21, 51 : 20-1 ; kligiiliig siizer a r l t u r i i ~ i i n'because
K o m . xrv 'virtue, sltill' erdern CCG'; Cr.: it purifies (Hend.) the mind' TT V 26, 98;
KIP. xrv e r d e m al-fadila 'virtu?, cxcellcnce' kentii iiziirniiz a r l p a d l n a g u g y e m e a n t l p
Id. I I : xv (~on'n'art' peqe (Persian payjh)); 'being ourselves pure and purifying others'
$ri!lib frrnrin 'master of sciences' (peqek5r and) USfl. 101, 13-14; 0.0. SUV.130, 11-12; 140, a
Brdem iycsi 7'1th. 228. 6-7; Osrn. xrv, xv 2-3 ( a l k ~ n d u r - ) : Xak. xr o l t a r ~ garlttl:
c r l i k e r d e r n l 'manly virtues' in two texts, and riaqqri'l-!rin!n 'he cleanscd the grain' (etc.); and
e r d e m 'military skill' in one TI'S I11 257. one savs ol ku:zl: arlttl: naza'a xusvata'l-
1) e e r t i m N.S.A. fr. 1 e r t - ; 'transitoriness', haraq 'hc castrated the lamb' (etc.); all; used
see ertirnlig. when oric circumcizes (xaftana) a boy KO$. I
208 ( a r l t u r , ar1trna:k); 0.0. I 154, 23 and
D a r t m e n Conc. N. fr. o r t - ; 'roof' and the several in I1 319-22: K B Sziigdln a r l t g l l
like. Survives only in S W xx Anat. 'the upper y a z u k u g miiniig 'cleanse yourself of your
surface (of something)' SDD 1117. Xak. X I sins and faults' 1440; 0.0. 4407, 4997, 550s:
i j r t m e n ol-sa!!~ 'a (flat) roof' Kaj. III 412: xrrr(?) Tef. a n t - 'to cleanse' 58: xlv Muh.
~ I I I ( ? Tef.
) 6 r t m c n 88 ( b a d y ) (and 248). afhara 'to cleanse' a r i t - MeI. 28, I I : Rif. 103;
P U ? P a r d u n (or a r t u n ? ) 'cumin', or the like. !ahhara ditto 40, I S ; 112: Gag. xv ff. a n t -
pdk kardan ditto Son. 3 4 r I S (quotn.): X w a r .
N.0.a.h.; prob. a foreign word. Uyg. VIII ff. x ~ vant- 'to cleanse, purify' Qrctb 12: Kom.
Bud. (PU) vlbuni a r t u n corrcsponds to
XIV 'to wipe (something Aec.) off (something
yawani 'Cnrum copticum' in the Sanskrit tcxt Abl.) a n t - C C G ; 'cleansing' a r t ~ m a k(sic?)
and ma ch'in (G'iles 7,576 2,092) 'cumin,
:~mmium,pipercula' in the Chinese translation C C I ; Gr. 42 (quotn.): KIP. xrv a n f - nozzafa
Suer. 476, 12: Civ. a r d u n T T VII zz, 10;
'to cleanse' Id. 10; Bttl. 87r.: xv q a p r a ('to
~ c e l ' )wa ilazzafa a n t - Tuh. ?oa. 7: O s m .
11I 15; 11I1 8, 38 a.o.0. xrv ff. a n t - "&illy 'to wipe (s&ething Ace.)
S e r t e n l e r t e g Scc Brte. off (something Abl.); c.i.a.p. T T S I 39; I1 53;
11136; 11' 38.
S o r t u n See ortu:.
D e r e d - Intrans. Den. V. fr. 1 e r ; pec. to
75 erdeg N. of Assn., ?fr. 2 6 r (yB:r), pec. to .%j. Xak. xr ogla:n eretti: 'udda'l-?obi
K U and used only in conjunction with othcr mina'l-riedl 'the boy was reckoned to be a
similar words; in 1697 glossed yerdey in thc mnn'; originally eredti: but assimilated, just as
Fergana MS.; since Kng describes y6:rdeq one says a/-nrrrddakir (i.e. for mudtakir) from
as ORuz and mentions 2 6:r as a Sec. f. of al-&kr Kq. I 208 (erepu:r, eredme:k); a.o.
y6:r in Xak. this is possibly correct, since I 206 (atat-).
'fellow countrytnan' is a likely meaning in the
context and the meaning of a N.of A m . fr. D eriit- taus. f. of erii-; 'to melt, liquefy
1 e r is not obvious. Xak. XI K B 1697, 2276 (something Act.)'. S.i.a.m.l.g., usually as
(adfig). erlt-. Xak. xr 01 w:P eriitii: 'he melted
D irteg N.Ac. fr. M e : - ; etymologically (adfiba) the fat' (etc.) hs. I 208 (eriitur,
'search' or the like. I'ec. to Kay; Xak. XI irteg eriitme:k): xrrr( ?) Tef. 81 (dubious; Bor.
01-tafn!rhur wa'l-mrcfriIaba yaqa bayna'l-qomt~t enters the same quotn. under a r l t - and erit-,
ji fay' 'a close scrutiny and calling to account as the Object of the verb is a l t u n k u m i g
w h ~ c h takes place in a tribe about some- kZnlar1n1 'gold and silver mines' the first is
thing'; hence pne says irteq k o p d ~ :Fhca'l- the likelier): xlv M ~ I /a&bo
z. eri:t- Me/. 22, 5;
bnhg wa'l-iaJa!lhtrf 'an investigation and clnse Rif. IOZ : Gag. xv ff. &it- Caus. f. ; g~rdrizfi-
scrutiny was started' Kaj. 1 9 7 ; o.o.I402, 20; nidan 'to melt', in Ar. ad&a San. 97v. t q
II 214, 5; I11 416, 23 (the same prov.. see (quotn.): KIP. XIV ( s i z d ~ r -adriba) this in the
8rtgii:n; translated a!-rnrr~ricara 'quarrel, dis- ?tab Beylik, but our master Faxru'l-din said
pute' in I and al-mcxdpnma 'mutual enmity' in this is wrong, a&ba is erit- because dZba is
II and III). eri-, while srz- means nadico finajsihi "to be
fully ripe" or the like' Id. 57.
PU?F a r t i z (or art]$ ?) Hap. leg.; unidcnti-
tied, prob. foreign. UyR. V I I I ff. Civ. a r t l z in D I m t - Caus. f. of Ira:-; 'to send (someone
a list.of drugs II I1 20, 79. Ace.) away, or far away'. For the phonetics see
 D I S . V. A R D - 209

only(?) in N E Khak., 'I'uv., and KC Kzx. X a k . O s r n . xvl ortiil- (of 3 port) 'to be storm-
xr 01 biik ortetti: anrora bi-tahriqi'l-aroma bound' 7'TS I1 568.
'he gave orders that the thicket should he
burnt' Kaj. I 260 (lirtetiir. 0rtetme:k). artla:- (ardla:-) I)en. V. fr, art (ard).
Survives in N E 'ruv. a r t t a - 'to step over (the
E a r t a l - See a r t a t - Xak. back of something)', S W xx Anat. a r d l a - 'to
follow up (something)' S D D 111. Xak. X I 01
1) a r t & (ardrl-) Pass. f. of 1 a r t - ( a r d - ) ; 'to anl: art1a:dt: rafa'nhrr 'he slapped him on
be loaded (on to something)' and the like. the back of the neck' 111 443 (art1a:r.
Survives as a r t r l - in N E I<hak.; S E 'l'iirki; art1a:rna:k).
NC I<lr. and as a r d r l - in S W xx Anat. S D D
I I, xak. er at ii:ze: artrldl: nlqdsl-raclil D art'"- (ardln-1 Refl. f. of 1 a r t - (ard-); 'to
na~sohti 'a/d'[-forns man threw himself load (something Acc.1 fljr, or on to, oneself'.
across tile horse, i n such a way that half his Survives as a r m - in N E Alt., Tel., Khak.,
body was one of it a n g t h e other half the 'ruv.; S E 'riirki and N C Klr., Kzx., and as
other one saps taga:r egye:k ii:ze: a r d l n - in S W xx Anat. S D D I I I . Xak. XI e r
artlldr: 'the sack was londed (/~irinilnt)on to the a r ~ l S 1 nart'nd': 'the man loaded (hamala) his
donkey* K ~ I ~244, (artllu:r, artllma:k):
G a g . x v ff, artll- increase3 f r 2 . art-3,
saddle-bag on the pack animal'; also used of
other things Kai. I 2 5 0 ( a r t r n u r , art1:nma:k). .
taklipri knrtlun tca qa!m zadalr 'to bustle D 6 r t e n - lzefl. f. erte:-; 'to blaze, burn
about, t11;1ke hnstc' Son. 35'. 24 I f . ; this (Intrans.); to be Ilurot'. Survives in much the
is a curious mistake, the translation having same languages as arte:-, ~ i i ~ kv Iil lj ff. u l u g
apparently been falsely deduced from two e v 6rtenmi:g 'a big house was burnt down'
quotns.; one is t4giz eyleben q a t * u t a g I r k s 9 : Man. M I11 7, I 1-12 (ii) (sagurul-);
a r t l l l p 'crossing the ocean and throwing k u y i i r g e y i j r t e n g e y s e n 'you will be burnt
himself over the mountains' (mistranslated ( ~ ~ ~do,d 23, ~ u y g . v r l l tf. ~ ~ tort
. ) (ii): d .
'hurriedly crossing the ocean and mountains'); y l g a k i j r t e n d j 'the four qua*en of the world
it is said in 35v. 5 that Vel. read a r t a y l p or
a r t a n l p and invented a verb a r t a - / a r t a n -
u
burst into flames1 111 40, 164; o.o. u 118,
27 (ediz); 1115, I-2 (ijrt); TT I V 4, I : Civ.
meaning 'to cross'; in fact, although the read- k a r n l etijzi ortelltir 'his stomach and whole
ing is faulty, the translation is about right; the body feel as if they wer burning' HI1 22, 30:
other is b u k o r i i r h e r k l r p i k i r n k e a r t l l l p Xak. ortendi: ne:g. the thing was burnt'
b i r q a t r a yag (not translated) which clearly (i!itaraqa); and one says bullt ortendi: 'the
means 'this man sees a drop of moisture loaded cloud was red (o?llnnrraf) after the sunset'; the
o n each of my eyelashes': Osrn. xvr Ar. ~~~k~ take by this ~ a g 1. 251 (Brte-
01-rnn!laq translated 'an animal which is let niir, o r t e n m e : k ; prov,); a,o, 11 r33, 16:
loose after its halter has been put round its Fag. xv fi. Grten-(-"r) 'to be burnts, of
neck'(yuIar1 b o y n u n a ardilrnlg) T T S I I 4 7 . something which is burnt so completely that
no trace of it is left Vel. roo (quotn.); o r t e n -
13 irtel- Ilap. leg.; I'ass. f. of irte:-. Xak. XI ReR, f , ; slixta ?,,dan ctn he burnt, sari, 6sv. 22
irteldl: nc:g fri?r?ri!a 'aiii'l-gay' wa !rrliba 'the (quotns,),
thing was inquired for and sought' Kag. I 2 4 5
(irtelii:r, irte1rne:k). D o r t u n - Refl. f. of i i r t - ; 'to cover oneself, be
covered'; survives only in SW. U y e . V I I ~ff.
1) hrtel- Pass. f. of i5rte:-; 'to hc sct on ~ i , . ortiinrnig g r a h l a r 'the five hidden
fire, burnt'. Survives only(?) in N E Khak.; N C planets (sanskrit I . - ~ . ) ' TT VII I , 5 and 75:
Klr., Kxx. X a k . X I biik orteldi: rilrriqati'l- chin,-u,,f, ~ i ~jou t . t7ien 3,723
&y!ala 'the thick tangled trees were burnt' I I ,208) 'a cloudy sky' terJri ortiinmi$ Ligeti
Kag. I 24s (ortelii:r, 6rtelrne:k). 1 9 0 , R I 1239: X a k . X I u r a : g u t yii:zin
o r t u n d i : safarati'f-mar'a wachaM t~.okadZliko
D Brtiil- Pass. f. of o r t - ; 'to be covered, con- id,- satarat; corrupt, rafara means
cealed', also in the early period 'to be put over .to unveil', ?read satarnti and add goyrohrl at
(iize: something) as a covering'. Survives in the e n d ; cthe ,voman hid her faces, also used
the same languages as art-. Uyk. VIlI ff. Bud. ,,,hen she hides anything KO?. I 250
Sanskrit nivrtdndnl 'of those who are covered' (ortiiniir, ijrtjinme:k): xllI(?) ~ ~ ertiin-
j ,
urtiilmigle:rke: (sic) T T V I l I A.15; bilig- <to cover oneself' 250: X w a r . xlv ditto Nahc.
s i z l i k k a r a r ~ g uiize kogiiliirn o r t i i l u p 'my 31, 7: KIP. xrrr istatara 'to hide oneself'
mind being covered with the darkness of ortiin- H ~ 36,~ 12: ~ xv. tago!!~ ditto. (yapln-
ignorance' Srrv. 101, 16-17; similar phr., but ~ ~ ~ ~,,h.i i 5,~ -
mis-spelt orliitiip do. 136, 17: Xak. X I 1:g e r
tize: ortiildl: ublrima'l-ainr 'alli'l-racrtl 'the D a r t u r - , ete. Preliminary note. I t is morpho-
thing was put over the man as a covering'; logically almost impossible to distinguish betrceen
and one says k6:k Zrtiildi: 'the sky was over- the taus, f,s of a:r- art-, only*hose of
cast' (togayyamat); wa osluhlr kull yay' srrtira 2 a:r- and 2 a r t - occur in the early period.
tohtn,l-gay3 (it is used of) anything
that is concealed under something K ~I ~ A. r d u r - Caus.f. of 1 a:r- 'to tire(son1eone) out'
244 (Brtfil":r, 6rt{ilme:k); second phr. is first noted in XIY Muh. Rlel. 41,ra; 4 2 , 2;
repeated I 139, 18; I:* Grtiildi: 'the thing was Rif. 1.32 and srrrvives in NW Kaz. Artt1r-l
obscure, a m h i ~ u o u s ' (iltabasa) I1 237, 13: a r t t u r - flrr Carts. f. of l a r t - ( a r d - ) e.rirts in
 ~ m e r a lNE, SE, and NC lnniguo~es,hrrt is not passctl (our liveq?)' tJ 111 I 6 , 2 ; iiq y a v l a k
tinted hrforc SIX. y o l d l n e r t i i r g e l i u m ; t k n i ~ (a cause) 'of
be in^ al>lr tt) pass by ( I . c . avnirl) the three
1) 1 a r t u r - Hap. leg.; Caus. f. of 2 a : r - ; evil roads' '1'7' V 22, 32; e r t i i r r n c z i i n 'let
cf. the quotns. under that \ ~ o r d ,and a r t r z - . (Silabhadm) not allow (tfilcil-tsang) to pass
T i i r k u V I I I siiqig savr:ga: y ~ r n ~ a@:sl:ga:
ak (us) by' Hiirti-rs. 309: Civ. e r t i i r m i ~ke:re:k
n r t u : r u p fikii:q t i i r k u h o d u n u l t i g 'letting 'one niust pass (the tirnc)' 7'3' 1'111 I.rH: i
your~elvcshe tricked by their honrycd words X a k . X I n n l g yn:zukrn ertiirrll: ' h c par-
nnd l u ~ u r i o u streasures mnny of you 'I'iirkii doned (safa!ro '1111) his sins'; and one says
people d ~ e d I' S 6; I1 A: 5 . a n t 9 1 : ~ 1 ne r t u r t l l : 'he authorized (nmzu)
his affair, that is lie nyrced t o it (qabilohir)';
U 2 n r t u r - Caus. f. of 2 a r t - ; 'to cause also used o f an? one who overl<~oks s~~ll~ctl~ing
(something) to incrcasc, grow hipycr', with (c<irt,ozotoy' 'or1 itrrrrcdi') l i o j . I 2 2 0 ( c r t i i r i l r ,
various extended meanings, esp. in Sit'. ertiirn1e:k); a.o.(?) 1 219 ( n r t u r - ) .
S.i.a.m.l.g., usually as a r t t ~ r - j a r t t u r -X a k .
X I o:n y a r m a : k iize: bi:r a r t u r d r : zdda L) u r t u r - Calls. f. of u r - ; with a correspond-
rcd!rid 'nlii 'agora dariiitim 'he added one more ing range of meanings. Survivcs as u r r l u r - in
on top of the ten silver coins'; and one says N E Khak.; N C I<rr.; S C Uzh. ( u r d l r - ) , some
e r nrturtlr: 'adc'l-roctrl?arcrnhrr 'the rrlan gave NW languages and S W 'I'km. and v u r d u r - in
himself airs'; (verse) keldl: berii: a r t u r u : SW Az., Osrri. T i i r k u V I I I iqi:n tapr:n a d l n -
b6:rdi: 6:lin (VU) ertiirii: 'he came towards G I bec_liz
~ u r t u : r t l m '1 have vnrinus decorn-
us with an enormous army, boasting and giving tions p1ocecl inside and oiitside' (I<ul l'egin'n
himself airs (yaylaf rua ya'dii tawrahir); then tomb) I S 12: U y g . V I I I H . Rud. b e d i i k
he surrendered his realm to us' (the third and kaglllarda . .. u r t u r u p 'having them placed
sixth words are vocalized the same, but must on large waggons' U I11 40, 28-9: (Xak.)
have different meanings; the first is obviously xrlr(?) Trf. u r d t r - l u r d u r - 'to ordcr t o p u t
e r t u r u : 'bunsting'; the second is not speci- (something Arc., into snnicthing Dot.)' 331:
fically translated, but the likeliest explanation SIV H h f . u r d u r - 'to Ict oneself be henten' (with
is thnt it is the Ger. of 2 e r t i i r - 'Irtting it pass sntnething birle) R IrO7z(quotii.): W E . xv if.
to us') Kay. I 219 ( a r t u r u : r , ertr1rma:k): llrclur- ('with U-') inodr~rhsrixtan 'to cause to
K R (lie went every day) t a p u g a r t u r u 'giving be beaten' Son. 67v. z z : X w a r . xrv u r d u r -
more and more service' 610; ~ u k u rk l l s a 'to ordcr to put (sonlcthinq Arr., on some-
ni'tnnt b a y n t a r t u r u r 'if (a man) gives thing iize)' I,)irrh 19~1:C)srrl. sv u r r l u r - 'to
thanks, God increases His favours to him' 756: order that (a country Acr.) shoultl I)e nttaclced'
X I I I ( ? )At. a k l l l k v a r a f cSh c a m s 1 a r t u r u r in one test TTS III 710.
'generosity increases a man's honour, dignity,
and grace' 258; Tef. a r t u r - 'to make greater' D o r t i i r - I13p. leg.(?); Cnus. f. o f 1 6 : r - ; 'to
60: G a g , xv ff. a r t u r - z i y d kordan 'to in- jirow(a plant, etc. Acc.)'. Uyg. v r r ~tf. Rl:~n.-A
I
crease (Trans.)' Snn. 3;r. 24: X w a r . xrv ditto M I 14, 10-11 (1:).
Qirtb I I : K o m . XIV 'to surpass' artlr- C C G ; 11 a r t a g - Co-op. f. of nrta:-. Survives only
Gr. 2.: K I P , X I I I zdda a r t u r - Ifnu. 40, 14: ( ? ) in A'E Sag., 'I'cl. a r d a v - / a r t a ~ - 'to fall
xrv (the Perf. of a r t - is a r t t l : , this is Intrans. out with one aunther' R I 309, 322. X a k . X I
(nl-Iiizim)) but in the Trnns. (01-ntirta'aridi) y e l ~ u kiqin a r t a g d l : fasoda'l-ntiis ba'drrhrrtn
you say a r t u r d l : fd. 10; (after a r t - ) zrida bi-rrr'ya 60.4 'some of the people hccarne cor-
fi'l-yay' 'to increase the quantity in something' rupt in the view of thc others(?)'; also used of
a r t u r - Btrl. 45r.: s v zcido n r t l r - 7'rrh. 18b. ;I nrlrnber of things (kirll yny' Iralir) ~vliensonle
4: O s m . s t v to x v r ~a r t u r - occurs in a few r ~ them
f hccomc corrupt arnolig the rest KIIF.
tests TTS 1 4s; 11 58; 11141. I 230 ( a r t a q u : r , a r t a g m a : k ) : 191: nnrg
n r t n g r p ~ I I F I I I an~rtihtr
~ ~ 'his alli~irs detcrio-
11 e r t i i r - , etc. Preliminary note. A s iii !he case ratcd' I 1 210, 4.
of a r t u r - , verbs of this fornr ntay be Cans. f.s of
1 e r - , 2 6 r - or 1 or 2 e r t - , birt aN early fortus D a r t l g - (artlr$-) Co-op. f. of 1 n r t - ( a r d - ) ;
seem to be esplicnble or Cnrrr. f.s of 2 e r - , rchich 'to help (solncor~cDot.) to lonrl (something
is rore, or 1 e r t - ruliich is trot tirrich conttnorier. Arc.)', and thelike. S.i.s.m.l. XaB.:ir o l m a g a :
arql: artlgdr: 'he helped me to load (a'Znani
D 1e r t i i r - Caus. f. of 2 & r - ; 'to cause to arrive,
bring t o a successful conclusion' and the like.
'alo ilqii' .. . rca ilanrlilii) the saddle-hag on the
baggage animal'; also used for 'to compete'
Sunrives only(?) in S W Osm. e r d i r - . T f i r k i i K a f . I 2 3 1 ( a r t t g u r , art1vmn:k).
V I I I t o k u z : n ~ a y yCti: o t u z k a : y o g ertii:r-
t i m i z 'we brought the funeral ceremonies to a D e r t i v - Recip., etc. f. of 1 ert-. Survives
conclusion on the 27th of the 9 t h month' I only(?) in NE I<hak. Bas. 63. X a k . X I 01
NE; similnr phr. I I , S 10; a.0. I E 40 (iikiin:-). m e n i g birle: ars1a:nden e r t i v d i : 'he com-
peted with m e in getting past (fi'l-mtrcciwaza)
D 2 e r t i i r - Caus. f. of 1 e r t - ; 'to cause t o the lion', o r anything else that is feared Koy. I
pass, pass by', etc. \vith various extended 231 (ertlgii:r, ert1gme:k); in the para. o n the
meanings. Survives as e r t t i r - l e r t t i r - in most river E r t l q , I 97, it is said thnt the tianie is
NE languages R I igf,-I<hak., T u v , and per- taken from the word e r t l $ mcntiing hdrini
haps NC Kzx. (I? 1 ,93, not AZM). U y g . fi'i-inrrrZhnrn 'competc with I I I C in rrossirlc', no
V I I I if. I3ud. [gap] r r t i i r i i r e r d l c n i z 'we havc <li)ul>t:I falnc rtyti~nlopy.
 TRIS. ARD
D Irteg- Co-op. f. of irte:-; n.0.a.h.; SW xu syllables after a r k a q a k ; possibly a I.-w. Xak.
Anat. Irteg- 'ti) quarrel, push one annther X I ordu:ta:l al-niirn in one of the two lan-
ahout' is a Sec. f. of iirtev-. Xak. X I ola:r guagcs (Irr$ofnyn, ?"i'i~rkish' and Obz/Klp.)
bu: soziig irtegtl:le:r ~njahhn~rih ~ i ~ i z ' f - Kay. I 124: ardu:ta:l ul-n~ira1145.
-kaldm 'they scrutinized this statement', or
affair, or something else Kar. I 2 3 0 (irtegu:r, D a r t u k l u k A.N. fr. a r t u k ; 'abundance, ex-
1rlegme:k); a.0. 1230, 4 ( I 6 : ~ ) . cess', and the like. S.i.a.m.1.g. except NE(?).
Xak. X I y a r a g bulup yagugdl: artuklukrn
1) iirteg- Ilecip., ctc. f. of 6rte:-; lit. 'to burn sakllgdi: Kay. says that this describes a man's
one another, to burn (something) tr~gethcr', partner who hid something from him after
and the like. Survives in NE Khak.; NC I<lr.; they had made a joint profit, and gives a
NW Kaz. (urteg-), usually for 'to he angry translation which is not wholly intellipible, the
with nne another' or the like (and scc SW words must mean 'he found an opportunity and
irteg-). Xak. X I bo:dun bi:r ikind1:nlg approached me, he stripped off the surplus
evle:rln iirtegdi: 'the pcopK burnt (aitraqa) (i.e. profit)' Kaf. II go, 9-10; n.m.e.: xrrr(?)
one another's houses'; also used for 'to com- Tef. a r t u k l u k ( I ) 'an additional amount';
pete' and 'to help' Kay. 1 231 (ortegii:r, (2) 'outrage, excess' 60: O s m . xrv to xvrr
arte$me:k); O g r a k bile: ortegip 'competing a r t u k l u k 'excellence, surplus, superiority
with the Oijrak in burnit~g (each other's (over sotneonc, iizere)' TTS I q j ; 11 58;
property)' 11219, 5 (thc tr~n913tio1li l l Kay. is I11 41.
obviously wrong).
D ortuklrrg (ortoklug) P.N./A. fr. ortuk.
I> ortiig- Ilap. leg.; Co-op. f. of iirt-. Xak. Survives in NE Alt., 'i'el. ortoktu: R 1
sr ola:r bu: 1:91g o r t i i ~ d l :'they mutually 1071 and NW Kaz. u r t a k l ~ kboth meaning
agrced to conceal (tawd?a'li 'aid safr) this 'jointly owned' and the like. Cf. ortulug.
affair'; also used for 'to help someone to hide Uyg. V I I I ff. Man.-A m e n 01 edgii megike
or concenl (tcigfiya.. . wa saw) something' Kaj. o r t u k l u g u bolayan 'may I become his fellow
I 230 (iirtUau:r, 0rtugme:k). participant in that good jny' IM I 12, 10-11:
((Xak.) ~ I I I ( ? )Tef. artaklzk 'incitement'
I) a r m - Hap. leg.; Caus. f. of 2 a:r-. Cf.
1 a r t u r - . T u r k i i v r ~ rff. Man. t e r t r u yana 238).
igldeyii tegriqimen nomqlmbn t e g m e k e D a r t g a r u See a r t .
artrzrp 'letting (myself) be dcceived by one
who says falscly and iultruthfully "I am a man D a r t u k r a k Comparative f. of a r t u k ;
of God ond a preacher" '. Chttns. 135-6. mainly used as an Adv. meaning 'extremely,
excessivelv'. S.i.s.m.l. T u r k u v111 ff. Man.
T r l s . ARD (gap) a r t u k r a k d r n t a r l a r (gap) meaning un-
certain T T 11 8, 71 : Uyg. v r ~ rff. Bud. (the
1) arltl: perhaps Ger. in -I: fr. a n t - , cf. pleasant flavours in my mouth have dis-
u1a:tl:; ctylnologically it should tncan 'cleanly', appeared and) a r t u k r a k aqlg bolup 'become
but normally means 'completely'; usually, but excessively bitter' U III 37, 31-23; a r t u k r a k
not, as in~plicdin o. G. A T G , paras. 214, 354, basutql 'extremely helpful' T T V 22, 20;
invariably, used with a Neg. Verb. Tiirku a r t u k r a k k o r k s a r beligleser 'if he fears
V I I I ff. Man. b i r a y k ~q a x ~ a p a t l gedgtiti:
t u k e t i a n t 1 t u t u u r n n d ~ m l ze r s e r 'if we (Hend.) excessively' Suv. 141, 7 ; 0.0. Srrv. 70,
20 and 21 ; 74, 23; 148, 15; USp. 60 IZa. 4
have been unable to keep one month's com- etc.: Civ. a y tegri a r t u k r a k y a l t n d l 'the
mandments rvcll, perfectly and complctcly' moon shone particularly brightly' T T VII
Chucn. 282- Uyg. V I I I ff. Rud. a m r a n m a k 30, 5-6: X w a r . SIII(?)(the child drank the
ntzvanl o k r d a a n t 1 b u l t u k m a z 'the first milk from his mother's breast but)
passion of (sensual) Ir~veis compIctclp lacking m u n d l n a r t u k r a k iqmedi 'did not drink
in them' T T V 16, notc A.39, 4; 0.0. U 11137, more than this' Og, y-ro: KIP. xv kg a r t l k r a k
33; 5 5 , 3 ; U Z V z 2 , 273 (1 a:r-),ctc.; i n I'T V ld az-vad tiiinhic 'more than anything else'
26, 109 the word e r t i (quite clear in the fac- Trrh. 55b. 11: O s m . xrv, xv a r t u g r a k 'more
simile) is prob. a scriptio defrctiun for arltt, abundant' and the like in several texts T T S
(if one has to get on without an army or food 1 4 3 ; 1156; 11139.
it is alright but) kirtgiincug e r t i (?arltl)
t l t s e r l d a l a s a r b o l m a z 'if one completely D ortugliig P.N.1.4. fr. o r t i i g ; 'concealed,
( ? ) renounces and abandons confidence, it is covered'. Survives only(?) in SW Osm. or-
not': Civ. a r t t l y u p 'washing it clean' H 11 tiilii. Uyg. vrrr ff. Bud. ortiigliig kizleglig
20, 6. a g l r aytg k ~ l ~ n q t m'our ~ z hidden (Hend.)
S o r u t g a See ogurga:. grievous misdeeds' USp. 101, 20-1; kop
t o r l u g t s u y d a irinqiide ortiigliig yazuklug
P U ? C ordu:ta:l al-ncra, presumably 'depi- b o l m a l l m 'may we not become covered by
latory paste', the normal meaning. Pec. to and guilty of all sorts of sins (Hend.)' T T
Knf. and entered twice, once, with a datnnta I V 14, 64-j; a.0. Suv. 37, 18: (Xak.) xrrr(?)
on the nlif, aniong dissyllahles between ordu: Tef. ~ r t i i g l u g / d r t i i l u g 'hidden, secret' 249,
and egtlii, which would imply that it was 250: Gag. xv ff. ortukliik ('with - k - ,
R compound \vord. and once, with a fnt!ia -k') Crtiilniig Vel. 101: X w a r . x ~ vortilgliig
un the nli/ :lnrl -d- for -rl-, nrnnnp the tri- soziim 'my secret words' Nnhc. 421, 7 ; a.0.
 212 TRIS. ARD
do. 57, 5 (ak-): O s m . str,svr iirtiilu 'hidden, Rfan. r d n i d c ( ? lit) yi.g 'Ixttcr t l ~ a na jclvrl'
secret' in several texts T T S I11 566; I V 629. It1 I1 7, 6 - 7 ; LO. T'1' 7'11 02-3 ( n e a t - ) : Chr.
e r d i n i b 6 r u p e r m i $ 'he Cave us :I prrcious
D o r t g i i s u z Hap. Icg.?; Priv. N./A. fr. thing' U I 8, 18: I3ud. q l n t a m n n l e r d l n l
*Brtgii, prob. a metathesis, nrrtrr ,qratia, of b u l s a r 'if he finds thc ci~rttiwrn!~ijewel' P P
Brtlig, but a possible Dev. N. fr. iirt-. Xak. 7-8; etiizliig n ~ r l r k ~ ~ r z l e r c l a iksrl g
X I K R e$lttl tiizii x s l q nnl iirtglisuz 'all ~ t ~ i i ~ e r e l i n i g t z l c (Ilc
r l i ixvill .;tc,al : ~ r ~r;lrry d
the people listcnctl to I~iin\\-itllr~utcnnceal- sway) 'yt,ur p t v c i o ~ ~SOIIIX, s \ \ I I I C I I : I I C it1 tlir
ment' 2685. treasury r)f your body' U I I I 14, 10-12; and
D ordului: P.K\;.iA, fr. orclu: ; noted only in many o.o., csp. in such phr. as riom c r t i n i
used instcad of n o m bltlgi for S:~tiskritsrilro:
Uya. vrr1 ff. Civ. in two astrolnp~cal texts X a k . xr erclini: nl-d~rrrrr'l-~,rrtirn ';I 111ntc11lccs
T T VII 13 and 18 where it nicans ' l l a v i n ~ ,
pearl'; hence on? calls a \von~:ln crtini: iizuk
or belonging to (such ant1 such) a heavenly meaning 'having a body like a tnatchless pearl',
mansion'.
the - d - be in^ ci,ntractcd into (rrd@inatf i ) - t - ,
D o r t u l u g Hap. leg.; syn. with, and prob. a as one says nrrrdJahir for nrrlgftokir KO?. I 141
misreading or tnis-spelling of, o r t u k l u ~ ;if (clearly both forms with - t - and - d - were cur-
not. I1.N./A. fr. ortu:. U y a . vrrr ff. Civ. Sat1 rent, but thc 'rspl:~nation'is absurd); :I.(>.1 7 1
Y a r e k n l g o r t u l u g m a 1 'go(~ds
jointly orvnetf (iiziik): KU N u n m e g z i holtll u r u t ~e r d i n i
by Sat1 nnd Yarak' USp. 62, 2. 'the cornplesif~nof thc xvorld hccan~c(like) a
\\-l~itepearl' 3x40: X I V nlrrlr. (11-rltrrr erclcn
D e r d e m l i g P.N./A. fr. e r t l e m ; 'possessing hfel. 77, 8 ; c r d u n Rif. 180: X w a r . Y I I I ( ? )
manly qualities, brave, virtuous', ctc. Survives (gold, silver, rn:uny ruhics) k o p t c l i n ~erctini-
only(?) in N E Tuv. e r t e m n i g 'learned, edu- l e r 'very many jeit-els' 02. 120; 3.o.o.
cated', and SW xx Annt. e r d e m l i 'capable,
dextrous'. S1)D 542. Tiirkii V I I I ff. I r h B l o I> ertigii: T)F\-. Aclj./Adv fr. *ertin- Refl. f.
(alp): Yen. ( I could not remain with) e r d e m - of e r r - ; hut used only as ill1 Adv. q~ralifying
l i g i m e 'my brave (followers)' Mal. 28, I ; n.0. Adjs. a r ~ dV.s and meaning 'extrcnicly. very
do. 48, 8: Uyg. V I I I ff. Man.-A t u k e l e r d e m - much'. Cotnn~onin IlyR but not noted latcr.
l i e 'perfectly virtuous' (one of the epithets of T u r k i i vrlr ertigu: u l u g t6rii:n 'with n very
a high Manicharan dignitary) 1l1I 12, 18: Bud. great cerenlony' II N 0 and 10 (of a \\cdding);
0.0. 1 1S 14 and 15 (nicaning obscure): V I I I ff.
eggiiliig edre:mli$le:r (sic) 'good and vir-
tuous men' T T V I I I El.10: Civ. e r d e m l i g Man. e r t l g u ogriinqulug 'very jr)yful' 1 ' T I I
k i ~ 'ai virtuous, o r worthy, man' 7'7' V I I 42, 8, 54: Uyg. v111 ff. Chr. 11 I 8, 4-5 ( R ~ I I ) :
I : (Xak.) xlv Mrrh. nl-nrnsfa'id(1 hi'l-a'miif
Bud. Sanskrit rtchaha 'very tnany' e r t i g u u k u $
(Rif., !?/-fay') 'a capable man of affairs 7'1' V I I I D . + o ; U I I 1 5 , 6 ; 16, 15; etrigii(sic)
6:rde:mlig MPI. 56, I ; Rif. 153: KIP. xlrr a:rri:'very pure' 7'7' V I I J G . z o ; 0.0. \\-it11Adj.
a[-'cilim dti'l-fadila 'virtuous and wise' Crdem- F P 3, 8 ; 16, I ; 26, 5 ; 38, 8 ; T?' 1'11 40, 32;
lu: Ilon. 26, I : O s m . srv e r d e m l i i 'brave' in Slm. 530, etc.-ertigii k a t l g l n n ~ p'nlnking
one text T T S 1271. great efforts' U 111 35, z q ; 0.0. do. 37, z
(agr1:-); Srlv. 141, 4-3 (up:+).
1) e r t i m l i g P.N./A. fr. * e r t i m ; 'transitory, D o r t u n k l : tIap. Icg.?; N./A.S. fr. o r t u n
fleeting'. N.0.a.b. Uyg. vrrr ff. Man. T T III (ortu:); 'situ;~tedin the ~niddlc,intc~.nirdiate'.
50 (ilin-); do. 137 (etiiz; in this case A.N. in
-1ik). Replaced in the ~ncdievalperiod by o r t n n c a l
o r t a r i c ~(Cag., S(rrr. 71r, r I ; lirp., 7'1rl1. 38a. 9 ;
L) e r d e m s i z 13riv. N.I.4. fr. e r d e l ~ l ;'lacking OSIII., T 7 3 I 550; I1 736) wllich still survives
in manly qualities, bravery or virtue'. N.0.a.b. in N C ICzx. ortnltvl; SW O a ~ n .ortatica,
Uyg. vlrr fl'. Civ. T T V I I 42, I (uldag): Tkm. o r t a n c l . Uyg. vlrr ff. Bud. ilk1
X a k . XI e r d e m s i z d e n k u t qerti1ii:r 'good e t a z l e r d e o r t u n k l k h k i etijzlerde 'in their
fortune is ~vithheld from the man without first hodics (i.e. incarnations) 2nd intcrn~ediate
nierits or refined manners' (allnJi la n~anqoba and last bodies' Stro. 134, 1-2.
ccn Ici adab ma'alt~c)I1 229, 22; 0.0. III 211, 3 DF e r t i n i l i g P.N./A. fr. e r t i n i ; 'jewelled, full
($a:); I 252, 19; n.m.e.: xrv Mlth. a[-daxil ofjeu~els'.PCC.to Uyg. Bud. Uyg. VIII ff. Bud.
fi'l-a'ttrG1 (Rq., a/-xilw inhra'l-fay') 'in- e r d i n i l i g o t r u g 'the islalid of jewels' PP 33,
experienced in affairs' 6:rde:msiz Ma!. 56, 3 ; 7 ; T T V 26, 91, and 94; e r d l n i l i g o r u n l u k
Rif. 153. 'a jewelled throne' 11 ' ' 46, 2 ; a.o.o.
aru:du:n See a r u m d u : n .
T r i s . V. ARD-
F e r t i n i , etc. 'jewel', more vaguely 'precious D a r t u q l a n - Ilep. lea.; TleH. Den. V. fr.
(object)'; fr. Sanskrit ratno through some inter- a r t u q . X a k . XI tn:E: artuqlnndr: 'the tnoun-
mediate language, prob. Sogdiari rtny, with tain was covered with junipers' (01-'or'or)
prosthetic e - ; the phonetic evoIution fr. -rt- Kay. I 3 1 2 ( a r t u q l a n u r , nrtuq1anmn:k).
- r d - is obscure, oning to thc ambiguity of the
Use. alphabet, but the word hecanie a I.-w. in D, n r t u k l a n - Ilcll. f. of artuk1a:- (which
Mong. as e r d e n i (Korc. 7.59, Haltnd Go); the s.~.s.m.lwith a wide rsnpc of niconinps); 'to
only niodcrn form NE Tel. e r d i n e R I 795 give oneself airs'. Survives \\,it11tllc same mcan-
is prob. a reborro\ving fr. Along. Uye. V I I I ff. ing in NE 'I'rl. I< 1 3 1I and 1Chak. a r t ~ k t a n - .
Xak. X I c r i ~ r t u k l a n d ~'nde'l-rnrr11
: tnwrahrr rods?) and after scrutinizing their omen'
'the nlan gave himself airs' Knj. I 3 1 3 ( a r t u k - (rather than 'the dice'-he said) lliirn-1s. 37:
l a n u r . artuklanma:k). Civ. t r k is the technical term for the Chinese
hexagrams in T T I ( r 4 , etc.), and also for the
U 6rte:le:- Den. V. Ir. brte:; r~ri~inally 'to do omens stated i n short sentences in ~1 28
(something) early', with snrnc extended mean- ,!( etc.): x a k . Irk a[-hahdna uro*l-fa cL.a
i n p later. S~rrvivcsin NI.: 'I'IIv. I'd. 587; N C rxmrll~[-damir 'divination, omens, and
I<ir. and S W Osrn. Xak. X I c r 1:gka: 6rte:le:- elucidatingsecrets~,yaJ,I 42,
dl: Irukknra'l-racul li'l-nmr 'the man started
early on the affair' Knf. I 316 (brte:le:r, S u r k See 1 uruk.
brtele:me:k, corrected from -mn:k): xur(?)
Tqf. ertele- same meaning 84: O s m . x ~ vto Dis. ARC
svr ertelc- 'to get up carly' in a few texts D 1 a r l g N.1A.S. fr. an:- 'clcan, pure', lit. and
TTS 1 2 7 4 ; I1 394. metaph. ; sometimes also used as an Adv. like
t
I) ortu:la:- Den. V. fr. ortu:; S.i.s.m.l. with arrti: for 'completely, thoroughly'. S.i.a.m.1.g.
variatirms in the middle vowel, usually mean- m. phonetic changes in the second syllable.
ing 'to reduce by half, split duwn the middle', T u r k u vrrr arl:g uvuti: yeg a proverb
and the like. Xak. X I e r y a : y n ortu:la:d~: quoted to justify a military retreat, perhaps
tnnns$nfa'l-mctil min 'zimrihi 'the man reached 'modesty becomes the pure man' T 37: vrlr ff.
middle aj:c' I b y . I 316 (ortu:la:r, ortu:la:- Man. a r i g d ~ n d a r l a r'the pure Elect' Chuar.
ma:k). 66-7; a r ~ gbaqag baqap 'keeping a pure
fast'do. 247;0.0.do.217.245; T T I I 6 , 2: Uyg.
1) ordu:lan- IIap. les.; ReA. Ilcn. V. fr. vrrr ff. Man. a r i g yollarda yortp 'walking in
1 ordu:. X a k . xr beg b i r yb:rig orc1u:landt: pure wnys' T T III 164-5; a.o.0.: Bud. iki
'the beg c h o ~ e(itt(~.rn&~)
a place for himself as a r i g k ~ z l a r'two pure maidens' PP 41, 2;
his capital' (qn~obo)Knr. I 296 (ordu:lanur, a r r g by itself and the Iiends. a r ~ gsiiziik
0rdu:lanma:k); a.0. I1 294, 24. (as in TI' V 6, 22) and suziik a r ~ g(as
in do. 6, 24) 'pure' are very common; the
11 arltill- Rcfl. f. of a r i t - ; 'to clcan oneself'. spelling in T T VIII is a:rlg; see also 1 t u r u k :
N.0.a.h. 'Turku vlrr ff. Man. y u n t i aritintt Xak. xr a r t 8 ne:rj 'anything clean' (mzif)
'he rvashed and cleaned himself' M I 7, 21: Kay. 1 6 3 ; 0.0. same translation 1 6 6 , 17; 342.
Uyk. V I I I ff. Bud. a r ~ yp u n u p aritrnlp U I I 4; a r l g (of 'gold') xdlis 'pure' I 376, 25; in
42, 3 1-2; a.u. SIIV. 478, 20. six other passages a r r g means 'completely,
D aritlv- Co-op. f. of a n t - ; survives only in thoroughly', e.g. alp1a:r a r ~ ga l k ~ s u r'the
N E Khaki ardis-. Xak. XI o l m a g a : t a r i g warriors completely destroy one another' I
a r ~ t i ~ d the : helped me to clean the grain' 237, 23; 0.0. 1103, 2: 230, 3; 241, 23 ( W S - ) ;
(.fi!ntrqiyati'l-!rin!n)I G g . 11322, 16 (in a gram- I1 328, 16; I11 41, 18-arm9 ne:g al-jay'u'l-
matical section); n.1u.e. naziJ ciddn(n) rua'l-ta~did li'l-mubdlafa 'an
extremely clean thing', the double - r r - for
emphasis I 143: KB a r i g bolsa Bzl 'if his
soul is pure' 722; 0.0. meaning 'pure' 831,
1 a r k 'excrrment', esp. 'human excrement'. 3899; (God created innumerable beings) till
Survives r)nly(?) in NE I<hak. arlx. Cf. birle t e g r i g o g e r l e r a r l g 'they greatly
1 bo:k. Xnk. X I a r k al-'ndira 'human excre- praise God with their tongues' 1022; b u
n > c ~ ~andt ' ; 'iron slag' (.rnhnl~r'l-i~ndid)
is called k u n k i m o k ~ s a01 a r l g (so read) bilir
t e m i i r nrkr: Kni. I 42: X I V M I I ~ . ( ?a[-@'it
) 'whoever reads today, he knows full well' 259:
'dung' (bo:k, in margin) a r k I<$. 142: KIP. XIII(?) Tp/. a r r g 'pure, clean' 57: xrv Muh.
xrrr a/-'nclirn (bok, also called) a r k (mis- al-tdhir 'clean, pure' a m : Aiel. 55. 5; a m k
v<~c:~lizcd ork) run humn 111g.a 'it is a dialect (with -i: below the -k) Ri/. 152; al-bikr
wnrd' Ilorr. 21. 19: xrv a r r k (so vocalized) al- virgin' (opposite to al-lay-vib 'married woman',
-,~rtrtt''cxcrerncnt' fd. I 2. erikmig) aru: kr:z Rif. 149; ari: k1:z
S 2 a r k See 1 a r ~ k . 150 (only); Rb2. a r i g 'clean' (clothes) R I
269 (quotn.): Gag. xv ff. a r ~ g l a r l k art
I r k originally a Conc. N. 'dice, sticks, etc. rca pdk Vcl. 12 (quotns.); a n pdk ma mrrsaffd
used for casting lots, divination, etc.', thence 'a 'clean, pure' Son. 37v 12; a r t g ditto 15
magical figure, hexagram', and the like; thence (quotn.); a r ~ kditto 21: X w a r . XIV a n g
abstract, 'an omcn, taking omens, divination, pure' Qrttb 12; MN 10; Nnhc. 232, ro; 277, I:
etc.' It is listcd in R I 1370 (quoting Zotkcr) K o m . x ~ av r l 'clean' C C l ; 'pure, holy' CCG;
as a S W Osnl. word meaning 'luck. fortune' and a r o v 'clean, guiltless' C C G ; Gr. 40, 41
survives in this meaning in SW xx Anat. (quotns.): KIP. X I I I nl-nazif a m : Horr. 27, 17,:
~ r R / t r k / t r t k / ~ r gS~DnD 772-4. NC I<ir. ark x ~ varl: al-nazif; a r ~ gmutahhar 'cleansed ,
'comfnrt, a peaceful life' can hardly be the and it is equivalent (rdci') to arl: in the sense of
same word. T u r k u V I I I ff. b u I r k bagcnta: al-nazif fd. 10: xv al-nazv(rnis-spelt al-rind/)
'at the beginning of thin ornen' IrkB 57; b u i r k a r u : (nlisvocalized oru:) Knv. 64, 17; !dhir
b i t k g 'this book of omcns' do. Postscript. Uyg. a r u Tuh. 23b. 7 ; nazif a r u do. 36b. 5: Osm.
v1r1 ff. Dud. (he asked for a piece of chalk, took xrv ff. a n , occasionally in xrv a r u 'clean, pure'
it and drew a pattern nn the ground) ~ r ska ~ t l lit. and metaph., c.i.a.p. T T S I 39; 11 49;
Irkin k8rmigdin k e n 'threw the dice (or 11133; 1V3$.
 2 a r i k 'copse, wood, forest, jungle'; sornetirnes t r a k t a : b i i l s c r 'if one trirs to d i s t i n p ~ ~ i s h
usrcl in Ilend. 1 ~ 1 t hs i m e k , q.v. Survives betmecn a Ic;ln ox and a fat ox frnm afar off'
only(?) in PU'E Ichak., l'uv. I J y R vrrr ff. Dud. T 5-6; s r a k and y a g u k seem to r,ccllr in anti-
Sanskrit i7rn!1yn 'livinp in a wood' ar121nta:kt thesis on a b(z//lfl/ 1Z7')' 11 164: U y e . v111ff.
T7' 1,'111 1J.8; unnnsn!rde "in the forest' Dud. U I V 16, 156 ( o A ~ g )(48, ; y8); t r a k t i n
n : r ~ g t a :do. C . 4 ; a r l g t a : do. G.3; n.o. U III 'from afar off' PI' 38, 4 ; l i 1I 2 2 . 6 ; U ?If
55, 2; nrifi s i m e k same meaning( ?) U III 10, 58, 8 ( i ) ; 0.0. 1J.Sp. 103, 1 8 ; T T VII 40, 67:
13-14; 58, 6 ; U I V 4 4 , 25; U S p . 105, 1 0 ; SIIV. C i r . r r a k is cntiuiion in 7'7' 1'11; , y l r a k
529, 5 etc. (sic?) b a r m i ? k i ~ kelnii$i i s a r p 'it is d ~ f i c u l t
VLr 3 a r ~ f Ilap.i leg.; precc~lcsI a r i g , and so for a Inan \\-lio 11:is pr)!le f:ir away to conic
T T I 78: X n k , xi ytra:k y f : r 'a distant
cnrrrctly ~ocnlizcd hut smia~iticallyclose t o (hn'id) place'; :~lsoused for anytl~ingdistant
1 u r i l k . U ~ r s g a nX I a r ~ g~=rirrr'l-sihd' 'the
from friends (01-irmn), etc K a ~ 111 . 28 (verse);
rope I ~ o u n dround a (felt) tent' Kng. 1 6 3 . 11129.4 ( u g r a : Q ) ; 2nd two 0.0.: K n kiiziim-
a r i k 'an irripatinn canal'. S.i.a.rn.i.~. See de y ~ r a ks e n kiiljiilke y a k ~ n'you are far from
L)orcf~rI 1 469. X a k . X I a r l k 01-nnhr (here) my eves but nrar to my thrrughts' 1I ; 0 . 0 . 527,
'irrigation canal' KO?. I 6; (prov.); I 302 781, etc.: X I I ( ? )K D V I ' y l r a k 'afar' 48, 49:
(aRrz1a:-); 1 3 8 2 ( k a z u k ) ; a.0.0.: X I I I ( ? )Trf. X I I I ( ? At.
) y ~ r a kt i i r 'krcp alvav' (from liars)
a r t k ditto 58: (jag. s v r i . a r ~ g l a r l k'a water 153; Trf. i r a k / y i r a k 'clislnnt; eutrcnie' 120,
course (slr yell) dux to provide a flow of r\ ater', 158; I V 11?1rlr. 111-hn'id 1:m:k ill(/. 83, 9 ; Rif.
for exnmplc :i n?ill-race(rir~irmeirnrr,?r) lz'rl. I 3 189; a.0. 26, 14 ( a t - ) : c a b uv if, y i r a k
(quntns.); arljj irrrhr Sntr. 371.. 15 (quotn.); drir 'dizt:int3 Sn:r. 340r. 25: X w a r . s i v y ~ r n k
a r ~ k'the same as a r ~ g 'do. 2 1 ; a r g l a r k ditto ()rrth o r ; ~ r a k[lo. z,oh; y l m k MN roo,
ahhreviation of a r l g / a r l k n,ll~r 37r. zo rtc.: ~ r n kA'nhc. 115, 1 4 : K o m . xrv 'distant'
(quotn.): K t p , xrv n r k 01-nn11r (and ol-nahr rralc/lrax C C I , C C ; Gr. 274 (quotns.):
(if takcn as 'river') is callcd ~ r m a k )Id. I I ; KIP. X I I I 01-Rn'iii(opposite to nl-qnril~y o w u k ,
nl-nnhr (intcr nho) a r e Btrl. 4, 13: xv y a k ~ t ~ ) ~ r a : k IJorr. 25, 12: xrv y l r a k
nl-nnhr a r t k (and tr:ik (?error), ~ r m a k , 01-hn'id fl. 93; xy dittn Ttrlr. 8a. 6 : Osm.
iizen) 7'rrlr. 30.1 j : O s m . s ~ ff, v a r k (the s r v ff. ~ r a k(ocr.as~nnally r r n f i / ~ r a xdown to
standard modern form) in one xrv and one xv XVI)'ilistant'; c.i.11.p. 7'75 I 352; 11498; I11
text, a r l k once i:i XI? and a r l k once in xvl 3.12; I F 393.
T T S I 39; 11;I ; I11 37.
D a r u k (a:rok) Pass. N./A.S. fr. 1 a : r - ; u r u g I'rrlitninai-1- riotc. As n N..4c. iri -R fr.
originally 'tired out, exhausted', hence 'ema- u r - occrcrs tzcicc in ]<a$., brrt nthrrrcisr tneails
ciated, weak for the lack of food'; in the latter ' s r d , pip' with SOJIIC r . ~ t ~ i : ~ Iiilcniiiitps.
r(l 111 t h i ~
sense normally of animals. S.i.a.ni.1.g. usually srtrsc trr~lihrlyto bc n Dn:. N. ,IF.u r - rvrit iit i t s
as a r ~ k U . y g . v ~ r rff. Bud. yi.2 x r o k 'veryex- vrrn~riirflqj' 'to p t ~ t 11n(/ ' tlrr / i k .
harlstrrl' 7'7' 1'111 N.14: s i z n r u k s i z 'you arc
tired n u t ' I ' P i 5 . 4 ; 0.0. do. 37, 1 ; lliiot-ts. 1914: I> 1 u r i ~ f iN.i\c. in -k fr. u r - ; ';I I)c;ititip'.
X a k . S I a r i ~ ke r 'an e s h ; ~ ~ l s t e(nttr'yi)
d man' N.o.n.l,.; cf. 1 u r u g l u g . X a k . xr 01 kultll
h-or. 1 6 6 ; 0.0. satiie translation 1 2 5 9 . 8 ; 298, u r u g n r t l ~ :d(rroho 'ohcl~~lrrl <lnrh iiirrh~il~ijfilri
ro (ii:glen-); 1128, 3 ; a z u k l u g n r u k e r m e : s 'he gavc his slave a scvcre heating' Kng. 1.7: 4 ;
';I xr-ell-fed man does not tire (13 yn'yi) on a
siniilar phr. I 386, 16; hoth as gramniatrcal
joitrnry' I rqS, I : xrv J?rrh. 01-itolrif 'emaciated' examples.
n : r u k ;11~1.48. 12; Rij. 143 (tiiis-spclt 11:~~:); 2 u r u j : n~.iginnlly a Conc. I\'. 'sccd, pip,
01-lmzif 'thin, out of condition' a : r u g 65, 14; kernel', h u t with niet;~pli. cstcnsions likc
a r u k 16.5 (also 143, 152); Iinziln n*o trn!rifn 'progeny, dcsccndnntn', and cvcn 'cla~i', i.e.
arulc bol- r 16 (R.leL. nrug1a:-): G a g . s v ff. descendants of a common ilnrestnr. S.i.n.11i.l.g.
a r r g I@nr 'thin, emaciated' Son. 3 7 ~ . 17 in xrariot~sfnrnls ( u r u f i / u r r ~ k / u r u ,ctc.). See
(quotn.); a r t k same as a r ~ do. g 21 ;O g u z / K ~ p u l u ~ Scc . Dorrfer 11 465. l'iirkii V ~ I IfT. Ycn.
X I a r l k 01-nmlzzril 'ernaciatcrl' Kay. 1 6 6 : K o m .
possibly r)ccurs in Alnl. 32, 15 (Inan$): Uyfi.
srv 'eniaciatcd' a r t x C C I , CCG; Gr.: Ktp. vrrr H. Mnr1.-I\ Af I 17, I 4 (evin): Durl. y a n a
T I I I 01-ha:il(oppnsitc tool-snmin s e m i z ) a r u k b u r x a n k u t ~ g au r u f i t n r t g k e r n i s m i 9 b o l u r
lfntr. 27, 18: s t v al-irmhzril a r u k i d . I I : s v 'and will throw sred and grain before thc
hnzil a r i k Trtlr. 37h. 12: O s m . s r v ff. a r u k majesty o f t h r nudrlha' T T VI j 5 4 - 0 g ~ I 1
'lean, crnaciatctl' in sonle x ~ v xv , texts, a r i k fr. k l z ~l t r u g ~t a r t & b a a r r b v ~ i i k iikiig i 1,olur
xrv onwards T7'S1 3 6 ; 1150; 11134; I V 36. 'his sons and dxlyhtrrs, progcny (klcnd.)
1) 1ra:k N./X.S. fr. I r a : - ; 'distant, far all-ay'. hlood relations atrd relations hy marriage
S.i.a.m.1.g.; l r a k is the only form in SW, and, becnmc numemus' do. 105; 0.0. do. 205
with r a k , in NE, and occurs in all other lan- (alkrnq); T7' 1/11 40. 127; Civ. k e n d i r u r u &
gunae groups; y l r a k is an alternative form in 'hemp seed' T T I U I 14, 49; n a r a u r o g r
three of them, c ~ r a konly in NIV. T h i s proves 'pomegrranate pips' H 1 3 ; om. do. 22, ror and
that the y-, where it exists is secondary and II II(cotnn1on); b u yCrke n e q c u r u g b n t s a r
prnsthrtic. T i i r k u vrri :rnk b o d u n u r ! anqa: i k e g i i t e g i i n t i i r u p t n r t r l ~ ~ z ' w l ~ n t equan-
ve~~
yagu:tt:r e r m l ~'thus the? brought distant tity of seed is pla~lct-din this ground, we will
people ncarcr to theni' I S 5, I1N 4; a.o. I S 7, raise and produce twice that anrount' USp. 28,
11 N 5 ; t u r u k b o k n l ~ : s e t n i z b u k a l ~ : 4-6-men Satlnntg ngntn l n i m u r u g u m
 D I S . ARC;
t u g m l g l m o g u l u m iizliigiim (?soread) 'my, 'bound my neck with a rope' SIIU. 7, 19: Xak.
Sada's, cMcr and younKer hrothcrs, proneny XI u r u k 01-galan 'rope' Kal I 66; six 0.0.
([lend.), sons ant1 hlood-rrlatir)~~s(?)'USp. translated al-habl 'rope, cord': XIII(?)Tef.
1.3, 12: srv Chin.-Uyi. 1)irt. rhrrn~ 'seed, u r u k 'rope, cord' 60 (?mis-spelt arrih). 331:
progrny'((;ilrs 2,886) u r u g t u k u m I<I 1658; O p u z sr u r k abbreviation (taxfif) of u r u k ,
rh'itr rh'i '1,clotions hy marriage' (Gilrs z,oRr like 'ung, 'untrq Kaj. 1 4 2 .
1,018) u r u g t a r r g Liqcti, p. 275; Xak. xr
u r u g !rahh kt111say 'thc sccds, pips of anything'. S 2 u r u k See u r u g .
and 111-brrdr 'ccrcal sced' is callccl u r u g ; liencc a r k a : originally 'the back' of a person, animal,
one says urup, ckti: 'he sr~wrd sccd'; and or thing; hence metaph. 'a hacker, someone
mctaph. al-nq6rib 'rclativcs (by marri;~gc)'nrc who stands bchind and supports a person'.
called u r u g t a n g (I&-spclt torrk) K o j . 1 6 3 ; S.i.a.m.l.g. Uyg. vrrl ff. Man.-A y e m e a m t ~
a.o. 1440, 14 (z!mnza:): KII ay eclgii krlinq bolzun e s e n g u a l k ~ gtiizu n o m a r k a s ~ g a
agll eggii u r u g 'oh propen of good conduct 'and now let there be well-being and praise to
and good stock' 108; k n d u g egriler isiz all supporters of the (true) doctrine' M I 27,
u r g i b o l u r 'a11 crookcd things havc evil I I ff.: Bud. o:t ogliig s a p a r k a s ~ n d a yad~lu
progeny' 806; kiikl e d g u bolsun u r u g h a m t u r u p 'his flame-coloured hair hanging down
t a r l a 'lct hcr lineage he good on hoth sidcs his back' U I V lo, 67-8; a r k a b6rip 'turning
of thc falllily' 4476; a.o. 1y50: xrrr(?) 'I'cf. his back' (on the light (Dat.) of the gods) T T
u r u a 'sced' 331: srv n t ~ t l ~01-bndr
. u:rug 171 273; tiiz k ~ g u l l i i gb u r s a g k u v r a g l a r l g
Alr~l.78, I ; Ri/ 181 : Gag; xv ff. u r u k kayag ilti a r k a klldlm e r s e r 'if I have caused dis-
.uisirir qnrvrii 'rclativrs, clan ; since these words cord in level-minded religious communities
arc not uscd scpnratcly kaya$ is addcd in this (Hcnd.)' S~tv.134, 12-14; similar phr. T T I V
entry; u r u g l u r u k is used for a man's sons, lo, 20: Civ. s u s g u n i a r k a s 1 t u t u q u r '(pain)
Iirothers, and closc relations, like (PC.)xroiy and grips his shoulders and hafk' T T VIZ 25, 4:
k~y%$ for thosc who arc the xwir of xmifd- Xak. X I a r k a : al-zalir the hack'; a r k a :
rualrdo that is the sons and brothers of relatives, a/-zahiru'lladi yu*dminukji'l-dowdhi 'a backer',
like (I'c.) tobdr Vcl. 98 (quotns.); u r u a / u r u k who helps you in difficulties' Kny. I128(prov.);
( I ) xnci~ mn tnbiir 7oa nraitslihdn wn muto- a.0. ('back') I 139, 6 : KB b a y a t o k bolu
'nllirlrin' (q~lot.);(2) bndr-izirii'nt (rguotn.) Son. b 6 r s u a r k a y6lek 'may God give you abun-
71 v. 10; u r u k kayag Hcnd. (nz ittibd'at), nasl dant backing and support' go; a r k a 'backing'
run tnh~irwn xrnij6tz (quotn.); u r u k k a y a ~are 1697-8; a r k a yalek 116, 1045: X I I I ( ? ) Tef.
used linked together, kaya$ is not used in a r k a 'back, backing' 58: xrv Muh. al-zahr
isolation, hut u r u g can be do. 14: X w a r . arxa: Mel. 47, 13; arka: Rif. I 14; al-mimad
s r r ~ ( ? )biznig urrljilbiz seuig ~ g a q u g n u g 'couch' a r k a : y a t a k Rif. 168 (only): Gag.
u r u g i bolmig holup t u r u r 'our progeny are xv ff. a r k a prep! 'back', in Ar. zahr San. 37r.
the secd of your tl-re' 02. 191-3; a.n. do. 327: 22: X w a r . xrv a r k a 'back' Q~ttbI I : Kom.
xiv u r u g 'secd, dcsccndants, progeny' Qrtth xrv 'hack' a r k a C C I ; Gr.: KIP. xirr al-2nhr
109; P I N (14; hlnkltada u r u g l m k a d a g ~ m wa'l-mtisd'ada "hack; support, help' arka:
(sir) b a r ' I havc childrcn and kinsmen in Hon. 21, I ; n'dnn 'to help' arka: b8r- do. 34,
Mrrca' h1olrc. 48, 1 5 : K o m . x ~ v'progcny' 20; .s(irndo 'to support, help' ditto 40, 17: X I V
urugluruk'prt~gcny'C C G ; (;r. zbh(quotns.): arka: n l - ~ o h rfd. 1 1 : uv ditto Kav. 60, 17;
KIP. srv(?) u r u k 'a clan, thc drsccndants of Ttth. 24a. I I : O s m . xtv ff, a r k a (once in xrv
a sin& ancestor', marginal note to Id., a r x a ) (I) 'hack'; (2) 'hacker, helper'; c.i.a.p.
tzl)udak, L?l-idr6k Ilo~iycri, p. 49: O s m . hy itself and in phr. TT.7 I 3 9 ; I1 54; III 37;
slv to svi u r u g l u r u k 'propcny' in several I V 38-9.
tcxts, 'sccd' in one T T S I 550 (orctk), 725;
11929. a r g u : 'valley'; as a Noun n.o.a.b., but noted
as a geog. name in M I 2 6 , 25 and 29; 27, 5
o r u k (orok) 'path'. Survircs in severnl NIS as wcll as in Kay. Uyg. vrir ff. Man. a r k u (sic)
l ingungcs R I 1050 (orak), 1054 (orok); t a g l a r l g y a y k u r t u r 'he makes the valleys
Ichak. o r a x l o r g a x ; Tuv. o r u k . T u r k u vlrr and mountains re-echo' T T ZY ' 84: Bud.
b i r a t oru:kr: e r m i v 'there is (reported to iitrii a n u p a d a t y u l s u v l n fitgurdi tavgac
be) a path fnr one horse (at a titnc)' T 24: Clinig sekiz u l u g a r g u l a r l n d a 'then he let
Uyl:. vrrr If. Man. T T I I I 46 ( I uq): Bud.(he the waters of the Anupadat spring pass into
di.signrd to show erring niortals) kijni yo1 eight great valleys in China' Hiirn-tr., Briefc
o r u k 'the true path' T T 1'1 236; similar phr. 41, note 2104; a.0. T T I X 22, note 77,s: Xak.
Suv. 160, 2 : Civ. yo1 o r u k T T I 21: (Xak.) xr argu: al-lihb mn hrrwa bayna'l-cabaln~rr
x~rr(?)Tef. o r u k 'path' (metaph.) 238. 'a valley between two mountains'; hence the
country (a!-bilzd) between Ti& and Bal5sHan
V U ? D 1 u r u k 'rope'; n.0.a.b.; prob. a Pass. is called Argu: because it is between two
Dev. N. fr. u r - in the scnse of something put mountains Kaj. 1127.
onto something else; the modem word u r u k
in several NI? languaces R I 1658-9, Khak., *arku: See a r k u p , arkuru:, argu:la:-.
'Tuv. niraninp 'lasso' 2nd the l ~ k csecms to he
a Scc. f. of u k r u k , q . v , rather than a surv~val V U urga: Hap. Irp.; the translation does not
of this word. Uye. vrir ff. nud. (one of the make it clear whether it is a generic term or the
three. tlc~nons)u r u k iizc boyunlmrn bad1 name of a specific kind of tree. Oguz, Argu:
 D I S . V.
Survives in NII several dialects a r g r s l a r k l s ( a r k a : r , a r k a : m a : k ; the theory, though prima
R I 30-1; I<hak. a r g l s 'travellinr: com- facie improbal)lc may he correct, see k a r g a n - ) .
panion'; N C Kzx. a r k t s ditto R I 2 9 3 (not in
MM); S W xx Anat. ( a r k 1 3 S l l D 115) e r k i g rrRa:- 'to shake, o r rock (something Acc.)':
'caravan' 546. See Ilocrfrr 11 460. T i i r k i i vrlr survives only(?) in N C Klr., Kzx.; it also
( t h e l l a s n ~ ~idikut
l ,wan my suhjrct) a r k 1 3 existed earlier in S W Osni. hut has there
I d m a z tCyin s l l l c d l m ' h e c a ~ ~ shcc sent no been d~splacedby the Freq. f.(?) ~ r g a l a - .It is
envoys, I c a n ~ ~ a i j i t ~against
ed him' II E Z E ; ; dificult to connect this verh semantically with
( p p ) a r k r g l : k e l m e d l : (ro rrad) 'no cnvnye ~ r g a : g ,hut there is a N E T u v . verb r r g a y -
came' I1 I? qr ; a.n. I .S 8, II N h (I:<!-): U y c . 'to he crooked' I'al. 570, and this suggests that
vr11 f?. 1Zud. (then King Mahendrasena) t o r t there was nriginally a second verb *rrga:-
ylgakttn kelmiq ark13 y a l a v a ~ l a r okrp with this meaning. X a k . XI 01 y i g a : ~rraa:dr:
'summoning the envoys and amhassadors who hazza'l-yacaro mn najndahd li-yosquf !amaruhu
had come from all four cor erq of the world' 'he shook (Hend.) the tree so that the fruit
U II z r , 17-18; om. a r k i g a r k i g same mean- should fall'; also used of other things Kay.
ing U III 29, 2-3 (r:d-); do. I I ; a r k i g do. 29, I 283 (1rga:r. 1rga:ma:k); 0.0. translated
14; 30, 20; Hiien-ts. 12. 235-6, 1886: X a k . xr naf& 111316, 15; 321. 16: xrrl(?) Tef. ~ r g a -
ark19 01-'ir 'caravan' (prov., ark15 translated 'toshake'(a tree) 129: ( X w a r . x r v ~ r g a - l y i r g a -
a/-sa/r 'traveller'): a r k 1 3 the word for 'an Quth 91, 206, and Kom.xrv y i r g a - CCG; Gr.
envny' (a[-murril) to people from onc's native 133 both meaning 'to enjoy oneself' have no
country (ai-ntarutit~); hence one says a n i g connection with this verh hut are Sec. f. of a
a r k r g i : keldi: cd'a rosrilithir; also used in the 1.-a. fr. Mong. cirga- (Hamisch go) same
scnse of nl-riscila 'a mission' Kay. I 97 (in I meaning): Krp. xrv Ira:- harraka fill-mnhd run
249, r z arkljt: is an error for arvigr:): K D md ncisabah~r'to rock in a cradle' and the like,
X i t a y ark131 y a d t r t a v g a q e d i 'the caravan also pronounced 1rga:-, which also means
from China distrihutrd Chinese mares' 68; hazza Id. r r : O s m . xrv to xvr r r g a - 'to shake
0.0. 1386, 1443, 5307, 5546 (Im),,.5754: x r ~ ~ ( ? j (something)' in a few texts T T S I 353; I V
At. ark15 'caravan' 179, 180 (1 09): x ~ vR k . 394.
a r @ g 'caravan' R I 301: G a b xv ff. a r e 1 9
nr~~'ii~nala-ikolln 'trade in foodstuITss' .Son. 37r. D t r g a t - Caus. f. of 1rg.a:-; properly 'to order
20: K l p . xrv(?) a r g l ~'caravan, the transport (something) to be shaken', but from a fairly
of men o r goods by horse and mule', marginal early date usrd in the same meaning as, and i n
note to Id., lzbudak, El-idrdk flnyiyesi, p. 6: place of, irga:-. S.i.s.m.1. w. some phonetic
O s m . xlv a r g r g 'caravan' I l ~ d eQorqut, ed. changes like N C Kzx. wit-. X a k . xr 01
Rossi, p. 332. y i g a : ~rrgattr: an/a&'l-sacara ma fayrahd 'he
had the tree (etc.) shaken' K a j . I 2 6 3 (verse;
n o Aor. o r Infin.): X I I I ( ? )Tej. ~ r g a t -'to shake
(someone)' 129: G a g . xv fT. t r g a t - cunbdnidan
1 arka:- 'to se:trch, in\-estiaate', etc. hl.n.a.h., 'to shake, rnove (something)' Sun. 98r. 17
hut n o doubt the earlier form of the synony- (quotn.).
mous SW Osnl., T k m . word a r a - , which is D irgal- P a s f. of ~ r g a : - ; 'to be shaken,
not traceable earlier than Son. 34r. 18 where it to sway', and thc like. Survive: only(?) in
is treated as a CaC. word translated mijdn-i N C Klr., Kzx. I l y g . V I ~ ff.I Hud. 1 l g a q l a r
(izi-rZ ta/a/t/~tcf kardnn 'to make an investiga- l r g a l u r 'the hushec and trees swav' S t r t r . 621,
tion into s ~ ~ m c t h i n ghut ' , illustratrd only by a 5 : Civ. a r t y siigiit h u t r k ~yiiz t o r l i i g i n
Rrittti quotn. (Xak.) X I I I ( ? )At. s e n i g b i r l i - i r g a l u r 'the stem of the juniper tree sways
k i g k e d a l i l a r k a g a n 'anyone. who seeks a in evcry direction' T T I 165-6: X a k . xr
proof of 'I'hy uniqueness' 7 ; (the Prophet) yrga:? rrgaldr: 'the tree was shaken' (nu-Fda);
b i l i g q i n d e e r s c s l z a r k a l ) tCdi 'said seek also uscd of anything that is shaken (hrizza)
knowledge (even) if it is in China' 104: O g u z Kay. I t 4 9 ( ~ r g a l u r ,1rgalrna:k): K o m . 'to
XI 01 a n l o e v i n n r k a : d ~ : bafm!a md f i baytihi b e shaken, to sway' rrkal- CCG; Gr.
run talohahrc ma f n / i a y mti Fannn filri 'he en-
quired what was in his house and searched it D irkla:- Den. V. fr. I r k ; 'to cast lots, consult
and investigated what he thought was in it' the omens'. Survivcs onl!.(?) in S\\' Anat.
h-ay. I 2 8 3 (2 a r k a : - follo~rs). r r i k l a - S D D 773. UyE. vlrr ff. Civ. T T CI'I
28, 6 (irii:) a.o.0. in this text: X a k . xr k a : m
2 a r k a : - a rhyming jinele not uscd in isola- irk1a:di: tnknlr~rann'l-kcitin mtttafa'ila(n) .Ti
tion; n.0.a.b. X a k . X I (after 1 a r k a : - in the jay' 'the magician made magic cnnsultinrr the
same para.), and one says 01 anl: karaa:di: omens about something' Knfi 111443 (1rkla:r.
arka:dl: la'nnnhlr rua (lakora masd'atahtr 'he 1rkla:ma:k).
cursed him and spcike of his wickedness'; used
as a Hend. (tnrrzdaruica(n)) and not hy itself; D i r g a n - Hcfl. f. of ~ r g a : - ;'to shake, sway,
taken from their word for 'praise' (a/-tone') rock', etc. (Intrans.). T h e commonest member
a l k l q ; since it was used frcq~rentlyin a Fiend. of the protrp, s.i.a.m.l.fi. X a k . xr y l g a : ~
alka:- also acquirerl a pejorative meaning r r g a n d l : ilttazzati'l-yocara ma taharrakat
(crc'ila fi'l-yarr); and since it wan originally 'the tree (etc.) shook and rocked' Kai. I 254
laudatory the -r- was substituted for -I-,. (1rganu:r. 1 r g a n m a : k ) : G a g . xv ff. 11rgan-
as nrql~tifbecame ?nnr$tis in Ar. K a j . I 284 (-rp) irgala- Vel. 54; @an- Refl. V.,cunhidan
 'to moue, stir' Son. c)X\*. 2: X w a r . xrv t r g a n - ur&iq~ (Sort. 71r. IR) \vhicli 111i1yhe cvnncctcd
'to shake' Qleth 206: K I P . xv irthnzzo r r g a n - c t v n ~ o l o ~ i c a l l yand a i.9.1r1.1., inclirdinfi. NC
7'1th. 61,. j: Osm. XI\'if. 1 r 2 a n - (in svr 1<1r., SC t1zh., S i t ' '1.k11i.; in other t ~ r ~ x i e r n
~ k r n n - .I r k a n - , rrari- also occur) 'to move, Iangunpes ~licplncccl h y for~npof ka:tr~:ri and
s\vayV;c.i.2.p. 9'I'SI 3 5 3 ; I 1 500; 111 344; the fir. I.-\v. 'arcrnf, hut ~tis possililc that words
I v 395. in some K I P . texts (Hnrc. 25, 2 ; td. z ~ 7'1th. ;
nh. 13) anil clcewhcrc which have hren clc-
1) n r g u r - Caus. f. of 1 n:r-; 'to tirc (sor~leorie) scril>ed as. or tnkct1 trr hc, 'nrrrn~written wit11
out'. I'cc. to KII,~.X a k . X I 01 a t l n a r g u r d ~ : initial nlij in-tend of 'nyn arc actuallv Inter.
a'y5fnrnrnht1 ' h r tired his horsc out' Kaf. I ci)l~tmcted forms nf ura:Cu:t. X n k . S I
225 ( s e n e ; a r g u r u r , a r @ , u r n i a : k , sic, not ura:jiu:t re/-nrnr'n 'wornsn' ling. I I 38; ahnut
-far-, in RIS.); a.o. 1486, 14. 60 o.o., all spelt ura:gut: X I I T ( ?Trf. ) ~iragut
I> a r g u r t - IIap. lep.; merltir~ned only as is 'rvonian, wife' 3 . ~ 0 :xrv Rl@. u r a g u t l u r a w c ~ t
the standard \\.ord for 'rr.nmwt' in the rarlicr
example of a Caus. f. of a Caus. f.; cf. a r g u r -
t u r - X a k . 11 a n r g a t r n a r k u r t t l : ?ramola'l- hlSS. (in the later oftrn rcplacrd hy x a t u n )
-inrcin 'OM i'>'ci1forosihi 'he urged the m a n to
R I r h j r - j (addinj: that it is 31-0 common in
Z n n r . ) : ' l i ~ p .\;!v u r n g u t 01-nznr'o fcl. g .
tire his horsc out' Kay. I 229, 1 3 ; n.m.e.
D a r k a g - wholly irrecular Co-op. Ilcn. V. fr. I> ar1211k A.N. fr. 1 a r ~ g 'clrant~css, ; purity'.
a r k n : ; surx-ivcs ~ ~ r l l y ( ?in) NI' 'I'uv. a r g a v - S.i.11i.tn.l.~. \+*. phonrtic chanpcs. X a k . x i
'to lift snrncthing heavy tcr~ethcr'.U y S . V I I I If ~ ' I rqo: KII
a r l g l r k nl-,rrrp/i[#r ' c l r a t ~ t > r s/in$.
I h ~ d .Sanskrit h n s t n s o r n l n g n i l z 'by the act (a rnnn fit tn IIC :I l~r,q)rcjuk 01 I>II b e g l i k
of clasping st>mcr>neclo-cll' i ~ r k a : g m a : k iize: n r ~ p l l l ct i l e r '11islics lor this hlcsscd prvsition

T T V I I I C.t I : X a k . xr ol a n q birle: yiik of b ~ fand i for purity' ryho; xlrr(?) 7?f.arr@,l~lc

a r k a ~ t s : ~ r o n ~ n l onfo'o/crc'l-Ilirni inuzrihnra- ' p i ~ r i t y (' ? and mctaph. 'alms') 57: Gag. xv ff.
m(it), rcn hrr~coor1 ~ n r ' o llirrll uZ!lid nrinlrt~fnZ ar1E11g (sic) pcki rca tohrirrrt 'cleanness,
;ohrohrr li-sri~ihilri'he carried the hurdcn o n purity' Sntr. 3;r. om. 19: x ~ v'purity,
his hack xi-it11 I ~ i n i ,that is cach of them made chastity' a r u v l ~ xUCG; Gr. 41 : Osm. xrv ff.
a hack for the o t h ~ r ' I 237 ( a r k a ~ t ~ : r , a r r l l k 'clcan-iess, purity; innocence', etc.;
a r k a g m a : k ) ; a.o. 1395, 3 (yuzkev-). c.i.a.p. I'TS 1 3 7 ; I 1 52; I11 35; I V 3 7 .
,
D ~rii,nq-Co-op. f. o f lrga:-; 'to shake (some- I> a r l k l ~ gP.N./A. fr. a r r k ; 'having an irriga-
thing) togethrr'. Survives only(?) in NC Klr. tion canal' and tlic like. X a k . X I a r t k l l @ y6:r ,
X a k . XI 01 n ~ e n i gbirle: ylga:q t r g a g t l : 'he o r d &it nolrr 'irrirnted Innd' K a j . I 147: xrv
shook (nrifada) the tree in co-opcration o r RbE. ~ u l u ga r r k l l k (sic) yo1 'a road running
competition with me' KO$. 111 322, I ; a past water nod c:\nals' R I 271: qag. xv ff.
Kra~ii~naticnl cxnmplr, n.rtl.e. n r r g l r g s u ( s i c ) Zh-i ~rtrlrr 'cnnnl \\rater' Snrr.
37'. 20 (qllrItIl.)
T r i s . AHG 1) a r u k l u l t A.N. fr. n r u k ; originally, and
1'111) a r k u c r : Hap. leg.; listed hctween correctly, 'cshaustion, f n t i y c ' , h u t fr. the
u m d u q ~ : and e r d i n i : which excludes the Rledie\-11 prr-inrt onwnrcls Ir:~nncss, cm:lcin-
possibility that it is an rrrnr for * a r k ~ $ y r : tior,'. S.i.:~.rn.l.g. X n k . sr r t r u k l u k nl-i'3~i'
a word which micht be cxpectcd in this sense; 'eshnustion, prost1.11tion' Kof. I 150; (if a
it sccms rather to be connected with argu:la:-, guest cotncs, put him up) t ~ n s l n n q a r u k t u k
and is presunlably n N A p . fr. * a r k u : (or I ~ o f ~ ~ i y o s t n 'so r i / tthat he can recover from his
*argu:, hut not the n r g u : listed nhove) \vhicli e s h ~ i ~ s t i ~I I~ n316, ' 10: c a b xv ff. nr1811jj
secrns to he also the hnsis of n r k u r u : X n k . (sic) Idtori 'thinnrss' Sort. 37v. 19: K I P . xv
xr a r k u q l : 'an intermediary (01-rnrrtowossit) htei-<lo 'emaciation' a r r k l ~ k 7irlr. 49h. 7:
hct\vcen two people, and thc tnessenger (nl- Osm. s v ff. a r t k l t k used in several dicts. to
-rosril) hct~vcenthe relatises of the two parties translate Ar. and Pe. v ~ l r d smeaning 'cmacin-
t n a prospective marriage' Kn$. I 141. tion', ctc. TTS I 3 7 ; I 1 52; 111 3 4 ; 117 37.
X'U ? D a r k a ~ n kHap. Ira.; in a scctiori headed D * ~ r a k l r kA.N. fr. l r n k ; n.o.a.h.? X a k , X I
nf'dlil which requires a long second vowel, and y l r a k l ~ ka/-hn'd 'rlistancr, rernotencsci' KT..
completely unsocalizerl; perhaps Den. N. fr. I11 51: X w a r . xrv y l r a k l ~ kditto h l N 146.
s r k a : . X a k . xr a r k n y a k the word for an
instrument (rila) for pouring n~edicineinto the D 1 u r u g l u g P.N./A. fr. 1 urup,; survives
corner of the m o u t h ; it is in the shape of a only(?) in SW Osm. u r u l u (vulcarly w u r u l u )
saucer (01-rtrkrrrrocn) and has a spout (mat'ab) 'struck, wounded' Red. 248. X n k . xr u r u g l u g
Knj. I 1 4 4 n1tu:n a/-~ahobrc'l-rnarcdti''minted gold (coin)',
ctc. Kof. I 147: KB in 60.33 (see gatu:) yiiz
\-I'(U) ura:Ru:t '~voman',more specific than u t r u u r u E I u @ proh. tncans 'erected facing
tigi: \vhicli is also used of animals; morpho- II~C..
lopically n Dev. N. in -2u:t; noted only during
a limited period h u t very c-nnnion during that D 2 u r u g l u g P.h-,/A. fr. 2 u r o g : 'of pood
perir~rt,during which it diapl:lced evqi: and fnrnily'. L ; i ~ r ~ i \ rorily(?)
s in N W KIIZ. 11ru:Il
the phr. u z u n t o n l l g , nncl W:IS used in pnrallel Ii I 1322. Stbk. X I KH (a vczir) u r u g l u g
with ig1e:r (l4i:); in C R ~it. was displaced hy k c r e k h a m s o k l n t r k kiini 'rrrust hi. of good
 1 ' R I S . V. ARG-
family, thoughtfill,and upright' 2186; u r u a l u g a r l g s r z I'riv. N./A. fr. 1 a r l k 'unclean,
t a r l g l r g 'well-born o n 130th sides(?)' 4496 r m p ~ ~ r euncleannes~,
: excrement'. S.i.s.m.1.
(cf. 2 n r u a ) ; o.n. 2197, 4488: xlrr(?) 7>/. 'l'UrkU vrrr ff. hlan. (of a corpse) a r r g o ~ z
u r u g l u g (of fruit) 'prowing' (or rnorc proh. y a v l ~ k'unclcnn and unplcacant' M 1 5 , r o :
'bearing seed') R I . Uyfi. vlrr ff. I?ud. Sanskrit airtci 'uncleanness'
arrfjslz T T V I l l 0 . 3 5 ; o.o. U 111 35. 20
I 1 u r u k l r r k A.N. ( ~ o r i c N.)
. fr. 2 u r u Q ; s r ~ r - (aRna:-); 37, 4 : Civ. a r ~ g l s r z'excrement' If
vivcs o n l y ( ? ) in SfS 'I'iirlci ( o f gr:iin) 'krpt for I 1 27, 145-8: X a k . X I KB y a n a b l r arrp,n~z
rrsc as secd' R.7 789, hut see u r l u k . X a k . b u k11k1 u t u n 'and another (evil thinp) is an
X I u r u g l u k b u g d a y 01-hrrrrtr'lladi t r ~ ~ r r . u i r n impure and wicked man' 341; 0.0. 831, 2108
li'l-hndr 'seed wheat'; also used for any kind ( a m - ) , 2194, 2198: X I I I ( ? )At. 111 (ari:-);
of sced (An& uw hozr) K a j . I 149: G a g . xv ff. Tef. arrlgslz 'unclean, uncleanness' 58: xrv
u r u ~ l u f i ~ u r u k l u(sic)
k xmigi rrn qnr51)at too Afuh. a/-nocis 'filthy' (opposite to 'clean'
inlisG1~ 'kinship, rrlntionship' S n r ~ .7 r v . 1 2 a r t g ) a r ~ g s r znfel. 55, 5 ; Rij. 152: K o m .
(quotn. ; another translation d r i d a n i 'rraping' xrv 'impure' a r l k s u z C C G ; Gr. 42 (quotn.):
is addctl; it scems to inrply a prontincintion O S ~ xrv, . xv a r l s u z 'impure' in sc\-era1 texts
o r u g l u k and is prob. only a 'dictionar!. word'). T T S 1 3 8 ; 1153; I11 36.
V1JIl u r u k l u f i IJap. l e ~ . I'.N./A.
; f ~ I. u r u k . I) a r ~ t k s u zI'riv. N./i\. fr. a r u k ; n.n.a.h.
X a k . ?:I urukluii, k o w a : (rir) (inlzc $ti !irihl U y g . vlrr ff. I3r1~1.a r u k s u z kiigiilin 'with an
'a htrckct with s rr~pc'K n j . I 147. untiring mind' I J I11 80, 1 0 ; U I V 22, 273.
VITI) u r u k l u k I I n p Irq.; A . N . (Cone. N.) Tr. I1 urufy.uz Priv. N./A. fr. 2 u r u k ; n.n.a.h.
1 u r u k . X a k . X I u r u k l u k y u : ~'\%<](]I
\\hich X a k . xr I<B u r u g s u z k i q i l e r a r r g s r z bolrrr
is destined t o h c made into a ropc' (nl-!rob[) 'men who arc not well-born (tend to) bccorne
Koj. I 1.50. impure' 2194.
11 *trrgrllug IIap. leg.; I'.N./A. fr. a r g u : . 1) a r k a : s i z Priv. N./A. fr. a r k a : ; '\-iithout a
Uyg. vlr! ff. Man. a r l c u l u g (sic) t a g @ 'the backer, or supporter', etc. Survives only(?) in
mountain surroundcd ( o r 'with its sides cleft'?) S W Az. a r x a s t z R 1 294; Osm. a r k a s r z
by valleys' TT I X 77. R I 2 9 1 (only ?).X a k . xr arka:si:z a l p $eri:g
s1yu:ma:s 'a warrior cannot hrealc (the
E a r k u l a y u See arju:la:-. enemy's) ranks without a backer to help him'
(iNii bi-zahir jti'iiwinuhtc) I<a& I r z j , 22; 128,
?F ura:Rii:n a kind of d r u g ; prob. a I.-w. of 13; n.m.e.
Indian origin. X a k . xr ura:gu:n rln7uri1 hi~tdi
yritndfirui bihi 'an Inclian drug used for nicdi- U a r t g s l z l l g I'.N.!A. fr. a r i g s t z and synony-
cinal purpnses' K a r . I 138: K I ) occurs in 772, m o u s with it. N.o.a.h.; t h e A.N. a r r g s l z l ~ k
789, H14,.8r5 (aq1:-), its hittcrness often con- 'impurity' is noted in (Xak.) xrlr(:) TE/. 58.
trasted mrth t h c sweetness of sugnr. U y g . vrrr ff. Bud. mcdl~ynttornknpmfintont
'like a n unclean hell' r . r l ~ s ~ z l t ?p r e k k a
?U a r k u r u : perhaps Ger. of * a r k u r - 1)ot. V. (?read p r e t k a , Sanskrit prefn 'ghost') o x g a t l
fr. *arku:, scc a r k u q r : ; 'crosswise, slanting', T T V I I l D.34; nirrci~l~ntirasrno 'by a rnani-
and the likc. In the early period an Adv. somc- fold impure strcam' a s ~ g s r z l i ka k i n Uze: do.
tinicn associated with t u r k u r u , q . ~;in . nlnclrrn 0.35.
times also an Aclj. 'transverse, perverse, in-
conpnro~rs',ctc. Survives in N E Ilar. a r g u r u T r i s . V. ARC>-
R I 302; 'l'cl. n r k r y do. 392; N C IGr. a r k 1
t e r k l ; I<zx. ark111; S\Y Osm. a r k u r u / a y k t r ~ ; D a r k u k l n n - IIap. Irg.; ReR. Den. V. fr.
a r k u k . X a k . X I e r a r k u k l a n d r : 'atci'l-racul
xx Anat. a r k i r ~ S D D 115; a v g i r r do.
127; a y k t r i / a y k i r t d o y k u r u do. 138. UyR. ,fiqabCli'l-omr :cn l~arrrrto'the m a n was insolent
vlrr ff. Hud. k a l t t y e r t l n q i i d e a r u y ( ? , spclt a n d refractory wlicn lie received the order'
rriizi) a r k a g i i k i g i i a r k u r u t u r k u r u k a v ~ u - K q . I 315 ( a s k u k l a n u r , a r k u k 1 a n m a : k ) .
r u p 'just as in this world t h e warp and the D a r l a l a : - I l c n . T'. fr. 1 a r r g ; lit. 'to make
woof Erasp one another cross\visc' (and he- ( s o ~ n c t l i i n ~clran',
) Ixrt, a s a n t - already hns
come a single fabric) TT lTI 390-1; i i s t u n that meaning, usunlly used with specialized
~ l t r na r k u r u t u r k u r u a g t a r r l u t o g t a r r l u meanings. S.i.s.m.l., sonietimcs much dis-
e v r l l i i t e v r i l i i 'twisting (Hend.) and turning torted, e,g. N E a r d a - t a r l a - R I 320, 302.
(Hcnd.) u p a n d down and across' Strv. 133, X a k . s r 01 kuzl: ar1gla:di: naza'a xrriya
2-22; 8.0. TAT I V 2.53. 57-8 (1 6 t - ) : Civ. /ratnolihi 'he castrated his lamb', o r something
kayu kunquylarnrg karnrnda okul a r k u r u else; and one says o l y a r r n a : k r g arrg1a:dr:
t o r u p t u g u r u u m a s a r 'if a child lies crnsq- iltaqnfn aczcndi'l-dnr5hirn 'he picked out the
\vise in a woman's \volnl> and cannot let itself best silver coins'; also used of anything when
he born' T T 1/11 27, 15 : (Xak.) xrrr(?) 7bf. one chooses t h e best of it (i.rtara tninhu
a r k u r u 'cmsswise, across' 59: K o m . s ~ v ntrqrZzgataitu) Kag. I 303 (artgla:r, ar1gla:-
t u v r a m i a r k r ~ m r 'straiRht' (toguru:) or 1na:k).
crookecl?' C C G ; G r . : O s m . # srv fT. a r k u r u
(down to XVII)I t t r k r r t (fr. XV) cros~;misc',CTC.; D a r u k 1 a : - I k n . V. fr. a r u k ; originally 'to
c.i.n.p. . T T S 1 4 2 ; 1154; Ill 38; I V 40. rest mhcn cxhaustcd'; s.i.a.m.1.p. w. some
 TRIS. v. A R C -
phonrtic c h n n ~ e s ,r~sil:~lly\titti the meaning t u r d r : nnrorn hi-i'~ri'i1ri "llc ordered that hc
'to hc weak, enlnciatcd' and the like. U y g . shnuld he tircd out" ' Iirrr. 1 2 2 0 , 1 6 ; n.1n.c.
~ I I ff. I Bud. s l z a r u k s i z a r u k l a ~'you are
exhausted; take a rest' P P 5 5 . 4-5: X R ~ X. I I> u r u g s ~ r a t - Ilap. leg.; Calls. I'riv. Den.
b e g aruk1a:dl: nrorrr~nn'l-ornir mina'l-tn'nb \r, fr. 2 u r u g , T i i r k l i V I I I T i i r k i t b o d u n
'the beg took a rest hecause he was exhausted'; Blii:reyi:n u r u g s ~ r a t n y i : n ' I \\ill kill the
t h ~ s is an expression for 'sleep' (01-natum) 'l'iirkii prcrpfc and dr,pri~.ethcrn of projieny'
in the court language (Irtgfiti'l-stqdniyr~), the I E ro(1I K O ) .
oriainal meaning is 'he rested because of
exhaustion' (istarriha mittn'l-kolZln) Kay. I M o n . ERG
304 ( a r u k I a : r , aruk1a:ma:k): S I V Mrth. e r k has two basic meanings,(i) 'authrrrrty' that
da'ufn 'to be weak' -drugla:- A f e l . 28, 5 (Ri/. is the power to inlpose one's will o n c~thcrs;
1 1 I yavr1:-); hasala wa nn!roJa 'to be thln, (2) 'free-will, independence' that is freedom
emaciated' a r u 2 l a : - Me/. 32, 7 ( H i f . I 16 aruk to dccidc for oneself w i t h w t bcitig suhject
hol-): KIP. s l v a r u k l a - finrnrn 'to he to tllc authority nf others. I t liecatlie : I ~ I early
emaciated' f d . I I : s v hnrnln a r r k l a - Ttth. I.-\\.. in RI011g. as rrkr (Ilnrnirch, p. 45) ;111d
38a. 6 : O s m . s l v , s v a r u k l a - ; xv ff. a r l k l a - s.i.a.tn.l.g, in a irarirty of forms, e r k l e r l k ,
ditto in se\-era1 texts T T S 1 3 7 ; 1151 ; 11134; etc. snmctirnes with a leqs precise mraninp,
I l f 36. 'streny?tli, power', znd the like.. T l i r k i i vrll ff.
I) urug1a:- 1)en. V. fr. 2 u r u g ; si~rvives hl;+n.(if n-c sav that the sun and rnocrrl die, o r
only(?) in S E 'I'iirki; 'to sow seed; to swarm; that they r r s e ~ a n dsrt i n \ . o l ~ ~ n t : ~ ror)
ily e r k i
(of a crop) tn fornl ears' Shnru 21-2; R$ 789. b a r e r s e r t u g m a z r l n 'if they havc frcc-will,
X a k . a1 01 kebe:z u r u g l a : d ~ :nnzo'a llabbn'l- let t l i e ~ n refrain froin r i s i n ~ ' (,'l,rtos. 24-5:
CJyE;.~ I I ff. I Dud. ( I could not prcvcnt hirn)
- ~ I I ! I I 'nnhri 'he cleaned the cotton lint of seed';
also used for e s t r a c t i n ~the stone fronl any c r k l m t i i k e m r d l 'my authority \\.as not sufti-
kind of fruit K a f . 1 3 0 3 ( u r u @ a : r , urug1a:- cient' PI' 27, 4 ; e r k i m q e t n p t m q a i $ I e d l m
m a : k ) ; a.o. III 346, 27. e r s e r 'if I have acted as I chose and pleased'
Srrc. 136, I ; the word also occurs fairly often
!) arRu:la:- Hap. leg.; so spelt, a 1)en. \'. h u t in tlie phr. e r k t i i r k 'free-will (or indcpcn-
semanticallv connected not with a r g u : b u t dence) and maturity' c.g. (as a result of that
with *arku:, cf. a r k u q l : , a r k u r u : and more perception-Sanskrit vcdana) a j u n l a r k a e d
remotely with a r k i g . X a k . xr ol i k k l : kigi: tavarka erkke tiirkke azlanmak t u r u r
a r a : argu:la:di: Inarm bayna'l-rncttlayn rw 'desirc (Sanskrit trs!rci) for rebirth, inanimate
joqqnhrrmci 'he went to and fro between the two and animate possessiuns, independence, and
men and mcdiated between them' Kog. I 3 1 7 maturity arise' U 1I 10, 14-16; 0.0. T T I V 4.
(argu:Ia:r, argu:Ia:rna:k). 4 (esiir-) and in a recurrcnt phr. in Ti$. rga. 5 ;
zoa. 6 ; 21b. 2 ; 253. 6 ; zha. 7 etc.: Civ. (in a
L) a r ~ k l a n -Hap. Icg.; Refl. Ilen. V. fr. a f r k . favoul-ahlc omcn) e r k k e l d i 'you have
X a k . xr su:v a r ~ k l a n d ~in!n'nho'l-nrfi'
: the acquired a Iargc measure of indcpecldence'
water lsns canalized'; :~lsoused of land when 7'T I r z r ; e r i k k e (.rir) t e g l r 'tic attnins inde-
it contnins hanks nnd channcls likc canals pendence' 7'7' 1'11 34, 6 ; (in a rlocument
(rrirr+f rm o.r-did kn'l-nnlrrir) Kny. I 294 dcscrihing arlanjieinents for the cultisatinn of
( n r t k l a n u r , ar1klanma:k). n vincvard) [gapjyl-knra M i g - k n r a t k e g i i
I) * ~ r a k l a n - Hap. Icp.; Jiefl. 11cr1. V. fr. e r k y h k '(tlie owners!) . . . yi-kara ancl
1ra:k. S a k . si e r ye:rig y ~ r a k l a n d 'the ~ : man Min-knra are hc)th nn l n n ~ e rable to manage
reckoned that the place was distant' (ha'id) their own atTairs(?)' I I S p . 21, 2 : X a k . S I e r k
KO?.III 11s ( y l r a k I a n u : r , y l r a k 1 a n m a : k ) . a/-snl~nrm rcn tznjcidu'Cot~rr 'political power
and effective authority' Koy. I 43: K B b a r
1) u r u g l a n - Hap. leg ; Reg. f. of urug1a:-. e r s e y a z u k u m k r n n e r k s a g a 'If I have
S a k . X I t a r r g u r u g l a n d l : ~n'nqndn hobbu'l- sinned, punish m e ; you havc authority' 639;
-zar' 'the cereal crop formed seed'; and one a j u n e r k i b u l d u g 'you have acquired author-'
sa1.s k e b e : ~u r u g l a n d l : 'the cotton formed ity over the world' 940; (your father was h g
secd'; also used of any frult Kn& 1 293 hefore yuu) e r k t i i r k t h e 'enjoying indi-
( u r u g l a n u r , urug1anma:k). pen<lence and maturity' 5 1 5 1 ; oo. 942, 1784
1) a r k a l a n - Itefl. ])en. \'. fr. a r k a : ; 'to use fr.
Gag. s v P r k i.vtiy5r irfrce-will, lihrrty to
(someone o r something Arc.) as a backer'. choose' r7rl. 5 I (qrlotns.); P r k (spelt) i.~fiyrir
'This and a r k a h - s.i.m.m.l.g. X a k . XI 01 ?on qrrdrnl ('power') Sari. c)9v. z r (quntn.):
m e n i : a r k a l a n d ~ :ittnmdnni li-rrofsihi ;nItir S w a r . xlv c r k 'authorit?, influcnre' Qrrth 21
'he took me as his hacker'; and one says (s.v. e r k l i g ) ; o z k u l u t~u r u r n e c r k t b o l e a y
o l tn:gnt: a r k n l n n d ~ :istnrmdn ln/n'l-mbnl 'he 'he i s your own slave, what lihcrty of actinn
made the mountain his support' &J. I 297 . 8: K o m . s l v e r k ( I ) "
\\.ill h o havc?' h T a l ~ r360,
( a r k a l a n u r , a r k a 1 a n m a : k ) : O s m . xvr ff. 'power, authority'; (2) 'free-will' CCG; G,r.
a r k e l o n - 'to gain support, lean on (someone)' 92 (quotns.): O s m . x ~ ve r k 'authority' In
in several texts T T S I 40; 11 54; 11' 39. l'rrnrrs; s v 'liberty to choose hct\\.een ( a r a -
slnrla) two things' in Ent. T T S 1 2 7 2 .
D a r g u r t u r - Hap. leg.; Caus, f. of a r g u r - .
X a k , xr after a r g u r t - , q.v., 'and there is I r k 'ram': rare and prob. always \r. some
another form (ecnch) for this, one says a r g u r - more spccitic meaning like 'three-year-old
 ERG
ram', ;IS oplx~sedti, kocga:r, (1.v.; survives in X w a r . s ~ viirk- dittl~Quth 124 (/irk-), 204:
Nl< K o i l ~ .SOR.,
, 'l'cl. irlk/irk 'ri1111'R 11450, KIP. xrv tlrk- (v.1. tirlik-)cufala 'to bescared'
1464; NC Klr. Irik 'three-yrar old castrated Id. 12: xv ditto Kar,. 9, 7: cafala tiriik- Ttrh.
ram'; S W xx Anat. i r k ditto SI>L)796; a I.-w. I za. 8; townhhama wa rafola ditto gb. 6.
in M o n ~ .a3 i1.p 'castratrd rilm' (Koru. 326,
lioltod 71). Xak. xi Irk nl-dn'n minn'l- Dis. ERG
-2nnatn r u a hrrwa id5 fo'nnn Ji'l-rrihi'a 'a ram erig, etc. I'reliminary note. Kag. lists a number
approach in^ his fourth year' Koj. 1 4 3 : KIP.
xrv ('ran]' kogka:r/koq) a/-.mfi inina'l-,$anam of words spelt alif-rP-kif, but the vocalizafion of
iiziik (no douht error for this word, vocaliz- the printed texts and editions is not r ~ ~ h o l l j ~
ation uncertain) Bul. 7, 13. reliable. The ordpr of the words is chaotic and
seems to be nr jollou~s(numbering the words or
D o r k Conc. N. fr. 2 o:r- ; 'tether' and the like. beloru) 1 eriik, oriik, ariig, 1 irig, 4 e r i g ,
Survives in N1S 'Tel. Gro: R I1220: NC Ktr. iriik, 2 briik, 5 eri:g (sic), 2 irig; Uyi. has
oro:; I<zx. iire; S W xs .4nat.&k SDI) 1106;
o r e k 1114; iirk r r r g ; o r u k 1117. Xak. X I some offhest words and also 1 e r i g , 2 erig, and
Brk zrttrriqrr'l-hahm run tamilntrc'l-xayl 'a halter perhaps 3 erig. E r l g , the Acc. of 1 e r occurs
for a young animal, a horse's tether' Kai. I several times in l'iirhii, and also in KB where it
43: KB a y y a y ~ l :kutkn 6 r k 'oh tether of has sonretiines been ntistnkcn for I erig, but in
fickle fortune' 91 ; b u 61 bag1 o r k i 'these (the I S r z e r i g is almost certainly not the Ace. of
vezir and the army cotnlnnnder) are the honds 1 e r and may he 3 e r i g . Thew are of course
and tethers of the realm' 2410; ikinci h a w l k a considerahle possibiliti~s of conftrsion, particu-
ukug kllsn a r k 'secondly, if he makes under- larly between the various erigs.
standing a tether for his emotions' 2504; 0.0.
722. 1988, 2009: Gag. xv ff. o r e ('grain-pit'. 1 e r i g 'advice'; readily recognizable in the
i.e. o r a ) and a t kijstrgi 'a horse's hobble' VPI. Hend. (2) Bt e r i g , but hard to identify when
104 (?mis-spelt); oriik (spelt) rismdni 'a rope' alone. Uyg. V I I I ff. Bud. sizig iitiigiizni (sic)
which they tie to a horse's legs when he is erigigizni 'your advice' T T V I I I N.10:
grazing' San. 71 v. 16: O s m . xlv ff. o r k 'a b a x g ~ l a r n n uluglarnrg
~ k6rgitmig bog-
horse's tether' in several texts, mainly dicts. kunmlg otinge erigince l n p p evrilmedirn
T T S 1568; I1 755. e r s e r 'If I have not behaved in accordance
with the advice (Hend.) displayed and learnt
M o n . V. ERG- of the teachers and great ones' Suw. 136, 4-6:
i r k - 'to collect or assemble (things Arc.)'. yaQlp n o m l u p Bl(1)igler t e g otin e r i g i n
Survives at any rate in SW Osm. but usually disseminating his advice (Hend.) like the
as Intrat~s.,e.g. (of water) 'to stagnate'. Cf. dharmardjds' Hiimt-is. 2003-4; 8.0. do. 2017:
iik-, y12-. Xak. X I e r tawa:r irktt: cama'a'l- Xak. X I ICB tit s a v e r i g 'advice and guidance'
-mcrclu'l-mdl rca fayrohtr 'the n u n collected 1548, 2617, 3984, etc.; e r i g in the phr. s ~ n a d l
property(ctc.)'Kaj. III420(irke:r, irkme:k): e r i g 593 (and 619, 764) seems to mean 'the
KID. X I V i r k - romnm'a Id. I I : Osm. xrv to man'.
xvr i r k - 'to collcct, heap up' (wealth, etc.) in D 2 e r i g (?brig) in the phr. e r i g bar12 Dev.
several texts T T S 1 3 8 8 ; I1 545; I11 381; I V N.s fr. e r - b a r - (see 2 er-); pec. to Uyg. hut
435; xvrr~i r k - (spelt) in Rlir~ri,cam' knrdan 'to see 5 eri:g. Uyg. v ~ r rff. Hud. (IIidimba,
collect' Son. ygr. I 5. jumping about in demoniac rage) elgin
a d a k l n A r c u n ~ togag BiUrgiiliik e r i g
iirk- 'to be startled, senred, frightened'. b a r i g klllp 'making wild motions(?) with
S.i.a.m.l.g., sometimes as iirki-liiriik-. and hands and feet to kill the hero Arjuna' U II
the like. Tiirkii vrrr ff. b a y e r kofil: iirkii:pen 25, 2 ff.; an19 yavlak eriglerin b a r t g l a r l n
b a r m l : ~'the rich man's sheep went off in a
'his evil wild motions'(?) T T X 347; 0.0. U
fright' IrkB 27: Uyg, V I I I evi: o n kiin ogre: III 63: 5 (yalgantur-); Iliien-ts. 2078 (not
iirkiip b a r m l g 'his household had gone off in
pejorat~ve,but reading uncertain, tug-).
o f r i ~ h ten
t days hefore' $14. S 7: vlrl ff. Bud.
k o r k u p Urkiip beliglep 'frightened, startled D 3 e r i g Dev. N. fr. 1 e r - ; perhaps occurs as
and panic-stricken' U I1 29, 17; yaga a n t 1 below. Tiirkii V I I I e r i g yerte: 'in the place
i i r k m e z beliglemez 'the elephant is not in where it is(?)' I S 13 (twice): Uyg. vlrr ff.
the least startled or panic-stricken' U 1115 5 , Bud. Sanskrit brrihmai'ka 'and by the Brah-
3 ; t i r k s e r beligleser T T VII 40. 40: Xak. manical' t o r t torliig zarwa: (?so read)
xr ko:y iirkti: 'the sheep was scared' (nafarat) er1gle:ri iize: 'by the four kinds of Brah-
hy night or day by a yolf or the like; and one manical existence'(?) T T VIII F.Io: tiizin
nays bo?u:n iirkti: the people were scared e r i g i n 'its origin and existence (or nature?)'
hy the presence of the enemy and panic (al- Strv. 593, 22.
-hazihiz) broke out anlong them' Kag. III 420
(tirke:r, iirkme:k): xrv Rb?. iirk- 'to be D 4 e r i g N.1A.S. fr. mi:- (erii:-); 'melting,
scared' R I 1835 (quotn.); Mtch.(?) al-nafar liquescent'. S.i.s.m.l., usually as erii:. Xak.
i i r k m e k (unvocalized) Rq. 123 (only): Gag. XI e r i g ne:g 'anything liquescent' (&lib) like
xv ff. iirk- (spelt) also pronounced hiirk- oil (a/-samnj, etc., also anything that melts
ramidntr 'to be startled' San. 68v. 27 (quotns.); after being frozen (&ha ba'da'l-crcmlid) Kal.
hiirk- synonym of iirk- ramirlnn 3 2 4 ~ .9: 170.
 DIS. ERG
dirarrz-i <rrd~;-jis<~ld!;rt , . . 1:i (1~1rcd'f wdqi' dwcllirir' 7'7' V I 464; yekler ergtiel o t r u g -
ja71~1,/';I pause and halt o f a ro?-al army which l a r ~ n d a'in the islands n.licrr devils dwell'
occurs nt s o n ~ epl:rcc' Sort. 37v. O; iiruk (spelt) Krron. 20-1.
(infer olio) ditto ahhl-cviatcd do. 71 v. 17: KIP.
X I I I a/-tnaqdm 'rest' (opposite to 'movement' D 6 r k i : N.1A.S. fr. I 6:r; 'high, lofty'. etc.
tepreg) Orti: Ifori. 26, 7.1. Survives only(?) in NE Sag. (irkti R I
1228. UyQ. V I I I ff. Bud. ijrkl b a d r a k a l p l k l
D 6 r i i k I'ass. Dev. N. fr. 2 o r - ; lit. 'anything b o d i s a t v l a r 'the lofty Rhadrakalpika Bodhi-
plaited', w. various spccific applications. Easilv sattvas' T T I V lo, 32: Civ. T T I 6 5 (~qan-).
confused w. a r k , hut s.i.s.m.l., usually as
8rU. Xak. xr oriik hull gay,' madfrir 'anything D Brgii: Hap. leg.; Conc. N. fr. 1 B:r-; cf.
1 orguq. X a k . X I Brgii: a/-sandm 'protube-
plaited', hence 01-dofiro', a plait of hair' is
called oriik s a g Kaj. I 69: KIP. xv ~ a f i r n rance, hump' Kay. I 129.
l'lrh. 24a. 1 2 misread as dafirn and glossed erkeq 'he-goat'; originally quite a general
6rme~l6ruk. / word but survives in NC KIT.,SW Az., Osm.,
Tkm. (see Shclrerbok, p. I 1 I) and xx Anat.
D e r k i : an Adv. discussed in v. G. A T G para. ergeq SDII 543; erkeq do. 546: tirgeq do.
359 and Iiiirn-ts. ljiog., p. 21, note 62; in spite 1434, usually for 'a castrated goat', in S W
of the contrary opinion expressed therein, it sonlctimcs 'a thrce-year-old goat'; Cf. teke:.
seems, except on the rarest possible occasions, Uyg. V I I I ff. Civ. Iki siigiik erkeq etin 'twu
to be usecl only at the end of questions to indi- bones of a he-goat with flesh on them' H I 16:
cate that a cate~oricalanswer is not expected; Xak. X I erkeq nl-lays 'he-goat' Kay. I 95
the best translation is, therefoye, a periphrasi~ (prov.): K B b u l a r 01 siiriig koyka erkeq
like 'do you suppnsc that . . . or 'is it likely s a n l 'these (learned men) are like a he-goat in
.
that . .'. Like e r k e n and 1 ering it seems to a flock of sheep' 43 53: X I V IW. (under 'sheep
be a Dev. forrn fr. 1 e r - dating back to a time and goats') a l - x a ~ s 'castrated'
i erkeq Mel. 70,
when the verbal Suffs. were rather different 16; Rif. 72(vocalized iirkrg): Gag. xv ff. erkeq
fr. those in vllr and later. Survives only(?) in buz-i nar-i sih sdla wa buz-i pifraw-i kalla 'a
NE Tuv. i r g i 'a particle used in questions to three-year-old he-goat; a he-goat that leads
make them morc polite'. Uyg. vrIr ff. Man. the Rock' Sun. 3 7 r 25; Brkeq same translation.
a m t t e r t l p k a l r r e r k i s e n 'now you are also spelt with e- do. 99v. 24: K o m . xrv
perhaps passing away?' T T II I S , 7-8: Bud. 'he-goat' erkeq C C G ; Gr: Ktp./Tkm. xrv
bola:r (sic) yt!g m u e r k i a:au erme:z m u erkeq (vocalized erk*) a/-toys (presumably in
e r k i t6p sbziklig bolmtg 'having becon~e T k m . ) and in Ktp. al-mu.rfa mina'l-mi'za 'a
uncertain whether these things were good castrated goat' td. I I ; al-xagi mina'l-ma'az
or perhaps not' T T V I l I H.5-6; a11 qevigi Brkeq Bul. 7, 14: O s m . xv ff. erkeq 'he-goat'
neteQ e r k i 'what sort of devices (Hend.) do (generic term) in several texts T T S 1 2 7 2 ; I1
vnu suppow that he uses?' U I f 16, 24; Kunn. 391 ; I f 1 259-
bg-1oo;ne tlltajiln n e iiqiin t e g i n m e k b o l u r
e r k l 'for what reason and why do you suppose D 1 Brgiiq llev. N. (Conc. N.) fr. 1 fix-; lit.
that perception (Sanskrit uedanci) occurs?' 'something which rise7 or protrudes', usually
IJ 11 10, 17-18; 0.0. of direct questions U II specifically 'a camel's hump': S.i.a.m.1.g. with
22, 4 ; 31, 43; U 11145, 6 ; U I v 14, 145-6: minor phonetic variations. Cf. 6rgu:. Xak.
Stiu. 132, 15; 599, 23; Ilii~n-IS.620). 1829, X I iirgiiq nl-mawc 'a wave'; hence one says
1884, etc.--ttglagalr bolguy e r k i m e n 'I SU:V Brgiiqlendi: mcica'l-me': (here comes
shall, I suppose, listen' U I11 29, 4-5: Xak. 2 orgtiq): lirgiiq al-tr!fiya 'the base of a pot'
xr erki: harf ynhh 'a particle expressing doubt'; Kaj. I 95 : XIV Mtrh. (under 'camels') 01-sancim
hence one says 01 kelir m u erki: a yu!rcitir 'hump' 6:rge:q Mrl. 70, I I ; Rif. 172: Gag.
hriwo am lZ 'do you suppose he is corning or xv ff. iirkiiq sar-i $<no-i asb ma klihcin-i p t u r
not?'; rua hrrwa yiinZb ma,trilm'l-istqlrdm it 'the crest of 3 horse's mane; a camel's hump',
takes the place of an interrogative Kay. I 129: nnd metaph. btrlandirun sar-i klih 'an eminence,
KB neliik t u g d u m e r k i y a n a olgeli 'why do the crest of a mountain' Son. 71r. 25: KIP.
you suppose that I wns horn, if I am just to die ?' xrrr suncimu'l-carnal iirgiiq Horr. 14, 15: xlv
1136: k a v u g g u m k a q a n e r k i t e g r i bilir Brgiiq al-sandtrr fd. r I : xv sondm 6rge.9 (sic;
'God knows when, if ever, we shall meet again' in margin Brgiiq) Ttih. 19b. z; a.0. do. 15b. 2
6176; a.o. 5121 (2 ot): x!II(?) Tef. e r k i in (ya:g): O s n l . xlv ff. orgiiq 'a camel's hump';
questions and statements 'perhaps' 82: Gag. In several texts T T S 11755; 111566; I V 629.
xv ff. see e r k e n : X w n r . xrv e r k i in questions
Qritb 21. D 2 orgiiq Dev. N. fr. 2 8:r-; sunrives only
( ? ) in S W xx Anat. (Irgiiq 'a weaver's imple-
D ergii: Dev. N. fr. 1 e r - ; cf. 3 e r i g ; ment' S D D I I 1 5 : Xak. xr Brgiiq dafirafu'l-
'dwelling place' and the like. N.0.a.b. but -mar's ma qrcrtza'afnhtr 'a \voman's plait of hair
see erle:. Uyg. V I I I ff. Man.-A(?) kendiiniig and her tresses' Kaf. I 95: Oguz xt B r N g
ergii bark1 [cup] 'his own dwelling and house- al-dafira; metathesis (qalb) of 6rgiiq I ?of.
hold goods' T T VI 83, note 464, I (cf. the
usual phr. e v b a r k ) ; a.0. M I 14, 12-13 Brkek 'male, masculine', in antithesis to t i ~ 1 :
(ogul): Bud. kentii k e n t u ergiisigerii 'female', a generic term applied to men and
yadtltrlar 'they dispersrd eoch to his own' animals; said in v. G. A TG, para. 59, to be an
 DIS
intrnqivc fnrln in - k e k of I c r , I ~ u tthis i~ rulcr of Ordtr Icrrrt ;rr~dcicil l i c n t ' A f 1 27,
certainly rvrony: slncc the ~nitialis 6-, not e-. 6 - 7 : Ilud. e r k l i g k a n y6rtinqUsin 'thc world
and there is n o adrquntr cvidrl,ce of the exis- of the A'licht?. I<ulcr' (i.e, the under\rorld)
tence of a suflis - k e k (as \veil as - g e k , which U 11 33, 7-8; [ t ~ n l ~ g l l nt ur g u n i iize e r k l i g
is not an I n t e n ~ i \ ~ e )S.. i . a . m . l . ~ . ,usually as b o l u r l a r 'mortals acquirc control ovcr their
C r k e k / l r k e k . 'Tiirkii vrrr ff. e r k e k buza:gu: rel,irtlis' I / IC' 28, ?--8;k a r n n g t e g r i l e r UZe
'bull calf' IrkB 41; a.0, do. 2.i ( e m i g ) : Uyg. e r k l i g t i i r k l u g e r u r s l z 'yo11 hare authority
vrrr ff. Alan.-A (concupiscerlcc) k i r n Q r k e k l i ovcr all tlie gods and rnaturitv' 7'i,s. 51a. 8 ff.;
t l ~ i l etozintle
l e r u r '\rhich is in the hodics of o.n. T T I V 1 8 ,note D.7, 7 ; 1'22, 26-7, and see
males ant1 fernales' M 1 17, 8-10; (all the hens Indices t o 7'7' VI and V I I : C i v . b o r l u k Uze
flourished) y e r n e Brkeki n e g [ o n m a z ] e r r n i g . .. S o l t a (?reed S u l t a n ) A g a e r k l l g b o l z u n
'and the cocks did not flourish at all' M 1 3 6 , ' k t S.A. have firll ownership r i ~ h t sover the
1 0 - 1 I ; a.o. 1 T l 11 7, 19: Hud. ti$i e r k e k k u t vineyard' i i S p . 1 3 , l o ; similar phr. do. 16, 1 2 ;
w a x g e g l e r 'the female and 111nle protecting 30, 14; similar phr. hut with Dcrt. instead of
spirits' (Iranian I.-iv.) Sr17,. 425, 1-2; t i l i l i iize dl). 51, 6 ; gh, 12; .37, 20 (in these cases
e r k e k l i T7'VI 321 (and USp. 99, 1 ) ; a l t l [erl- t.elatir~gto persons not property); e r k l l g b e e
k e k [ o l y l a r 'the six male pipes' (uf a musical 'the competent authority' do. r 13, 14; a.o.
instrutnent) Iliiutt-tr. 133 (and see e r g e k ) : '1'1' 1 27 (nrJu1n:-): X n k . X I K n n y e r k l i g
X a k . X I e r k e k 'the male ( ( ~ l - ~ l o k nof~ )any u g a n m e g a m u g s u z b n y n t oh mighty,
animal; hence 'a cock' is cnlled e r k e k t a k n : g u : p o n r r f i ~ l , e\crlasting, unwearyinp God' 6 ;
Kng. I I I I ; four 0.0.: K R a y ~ t m a k l r ke r k e k b i l l g l i g k i ~ it i l k c e r k l i g k e r e k 'the wise
t u r u r 'questioning is n~asculinc'(and answer- rnan nlust control his trmguc' 971 ; a.0. 3520:
ing feminine) 979; 0.0. 980, 4523: S I I I ( ? )Tej. srrr(?) At. k u l 01 m a l k a m i 1 1 a g a e r k l l g 01
e r k e k 'male' 82: s ~ Mull. v 01-dnkar e r k e k 'he is a slave to his wealth, his wealth is his .
ilfel. 4j: 5 ; 54, I 1 ; Rif. 138 (P:rgek), 151 master' 256: Tpf. e r k l i g 'having authority'
(unvocallzed): G a g . uv fT. Crkek (spelt) nar (usually with iize) 83: xrv Rbj. yklke e r k l i g
'masculine', of humans ntridakknr 'male', of f a r q t a 'the angel that rules the wind' K
horses fnIrl 'stallion' Snn. 99v. 27: X w a r . I 782; Af~th(?) sdlrib fnrttldn 'rcsponsiblc
slrr(?) Brkek o g u l 'a male child' 02.4, etc.; minister' C r k l i g Rf. 145 (only): X w a r . xiv
Crkek b o r l 'a male ~ r o l f do. ' 141, etc.: K o m . e r k l l g / e r k l i 'authoritative, having control'
s ~ 'masculine'
v e r k e ( k ) C C I ; Gr.: KIP. xrrr Qrtth 21 ; Q r k l i g do. 51 ; e r k l i g Nahc. 344, 3:
a/-rlnhar erke:k (?, not vocalized) Horr. 24, 17: K o m . xrv e r k l i 'mighty'; e r k l i e r k s i z
XI; e r k e k nl-dnltnr as opposed to feniale f d . 'voluntarily or involuntarily' C C G ; Gr.:
I I ; xv nl-&knr min krrlli'l-!rnyrcincit Brkek O s m . x ~ ve r k l i 'free to choose' (between two
Kuz'.61, 21 ; ditto Tub. 16a. 12: O s r n . xv, xvr altetnativrs) in one text TTS 1 272.
e r k e k in several phr. 7'TS 1 272; 111 259; S e r g e n See e r g e n .
I V 30.3.
1) e r k e n like e r k i : (q.v.) and 1 e r i n c nn
1) e r k l i g I'.N./h. fr. e r k ; hot11 'possessing archaic I)c\-. for111 fr. I e r - ; originally used
porver or authority' and 'possessing free-will after vertys in the Aor. f. to nlenn 'while', later
or intlcpendence, free to d o as one likes'. T h e used rather lnorc frcely to rncan 'while heinp',
two menr~ir~ps are very close toyether, and it sec v . G. AT(;, para. 437. Survives in NE T u v .
is ol'ten difticult to decide which is intended; e r g i n ' e particle used to gi\-e a flnvour of in-
tvlien applied to God prob. both are, and detiniteness to n staterncnt' (perhaps n Sec. f.
'mighty' is the best translation, thoughit does of e r k i : ) and as e k e n l i k e n , etc. 'while being'
not give the whole meaning. Survives in N C in most other language groups. T i l r k i i vnr IT.
Krr. erktii:; Kzx. P r i k t i , I r i k t i , and NW liar. Man. C ~ r m sz. r 3 ( l n l k a n - ) : U y g . vrrr ff. Rud.
L., T. e r k l i ; Kaz. irikli. T h e phr. e r k l i g n n q a sozleyii t u r u r e r k e n 'while they were
x a n was early adopted as the title of 'the thus spe:~king'U I V zo, 233; similar phr. clo.
ruler of the underworld'; it mas horrowed by 28, 18; y o r l y u r e r k e n 'while he was walking'
Mong. as erlih k d n t t and this phr. has been cia. 30, 34, etc.; s i z E n e t k e k t c e r k e n 'while
reborrowrd by some NE langusges. T u r - YOU were in India' Hijen-is. 1790 (and see note
k u V I I I iize: tegri: e r k l i g (gap) 'Heaven is thereon); 0.0. do. 2022, 2142; S t i w . 620, 17
mighty above' 1.r. A. c.1 ( E T Y 11 123); V I I I ff. etc.; 621, 19: Civ. T a r d ~ g a p n r n a l g e n
(a man went hunting) t a g d a : k a m l n m i : $ e r k e n d e 'our grandfather T a r d r ~being (now)
tegri:de: e r k l i g 'he made magic in the deceased' USp. 12, 2: X a k . X I e r k e n a
mountains (and became) independent of particle meaning !rtjln ku& 'the position being
Heaven(?)' I r k B 12; 0.0. do. 5 5 (toriit-); do. so-and-so'; hence one says o l k e l i i r e r k e n
Postscript (alku:); kn:mHgda: erkli:g y u l t u : ~ k o r d i i r n 'I sa\v hitn while h e was coming'
ermi:? 'it was a star more powerful than all (!rdlo ity<itrilri) Knp. I 108; sirnilar usngcs If
the others' Toyok I11 ar. 7-9 ( E T Y 11 179); 249, 9 ; 301, 2; 333, 5 ( ~ Q k r i t - ) :KB k i q i g
a.o. do. 2v. I 1-12: AIm. (if we harre believed o a l a n e r k e n b i l i g o g r e n i i r 'a man learns
that I l e is) k&rtii e r k l i g kiiqliig tegrf 'the wisdom when lie is a small hoy' 1823: s r ~ r ( ? )
true, mighty, pn~verful God' Chfms. 18-19; At. b i l i g s i z t i r i g e r k e n a t 1 s l u g 'the
e r k l i g l n e r k s i z i n 'voluntarily or involun- ignorant rlian's name (reputation) dies while
tarily' do. 255; similar phr. do. 2 6 5 4 : Yen. he is still alive' 96; n.o. 215; ,Trf. y i g l t e r k e n
Ma/. 28. 5 (inilgii): Uye. vrrrff, Man.-A 'while n !.oilng man' and srtnilnr phr. 78 ff.
O r d u c i g i l K e n t e r k l i g i 'the independent (s.v. 1 e r - ) : Gag. s v ff. 1,ntti nuthoriti'cs list
 DIS.
(iirkiil-); n.1n.c.: ?;I$. sv ff. iirkiinq rant tca 1)clonps hcrc. \\auld support thc s t ~ ~ ~ c s t c d
rcol~$at'fear, terror Jan. 7 I r. 26. rtymnlocy. Uyk. V I I I orku:n b a l ~ k l ~ f i
be1tiri:nte: el 6rgl:nl:n anta: Grgipen
1) erksiz I'riv. N./A. fr. e r k ; 'without frre- Btitdlm'I set up the throne of the realm at the
mill, involuntary'. Survives in NC Krr.erksiz; junction of the Orkhon and Ualrkl~R(rivers)
Kzx. drlksiz and N W Kar. L. T . e r k s i z R and rested(?) there' $I{. S ro (the word is
I 783; Kaz. iriksiz. Tiirkii vrrr ff. erksiz damaged only the - r g - being clear, hut there
Toynk I V v. 6 ( E T Y I1 180, damaged): Man. is no other obvious reading): (Xak.) XIII(?)
(if me say that the sun and moon) erksizin Tef. labi!a 'to stay, tnrry' (at a place on a
t u g a r b a t a r 'rise and set involuntarily' journey) orge:- (sic) (and o r g e t - ) 339, 340.
Chttas. 22; 0.0. 255, 265-6 (erkllg): Bud. (my
authority was not suffcicnt) erksiz i p u r m e n L) iirklt- Caus. f. of iirk- ; 'to ptartle (someone
'1 om scnding him against niy will' PP 27, 4 ; Arc.); to scare (game, etc.) away'. S.i.a.m.l.g.
anlg yarlikiga erksizin m e n b u m u n t a g 'I'iirkii vlrl if. IrkB 21 ((id-): h l ~ n .nece
ynvlak a d a k ~ l u r m e n'I create these so evil korkit(t)lmlz ilrklt(t)lmiz e r s e r 'if we
dangers by her command and involuntarily' have somehow frightened or startled people'
(II V 16, 16-1 ; a.o. U III 84, 8 (ii): Xak. xr Chrrar. 87-8; Xak. XI o l ko:y ilrkiittl: 'he
h*B kllzi s u k k i ~ llzke
i e r k s i z eriir 'the scared (nafforn) the sheep' (etc.) Kay. I 263
man with a greedy eye has no control over (iirkUtii:r, ilrkiitme:k): Gag, xv ff. ilrkiit-
himself' 261 I ; (when his heart is captivated) (spclt) Caus. f.; ram dccian 'to scare, frighten',
bolur erksiz klgi 'a man ceases to be master also spelt hiirkiit- San. 69r. 12; hiirkut-
of himself' 3855; isiz krlss boynln e g e r (spclt) Caus. f., alternative form of Urkiit-
erksizln 'if he does evil, he involuntarily ramiirrida~r S a r ~ .3 2 4 ~ .9 (quotn.): K I P . xrlr
bows his neck' 4564: xrrr(?) Tef. e r k s i z caffala 'to scare away' iirktit- l i o r r . 39, 11:
'powerless' 82 (s.v. erk): X w a r . xrv ditto xrv ditto fL 12.
Q~rtb 21 (s.v. erk): Kom. xrv CCG; Gr.
(erklig). 1) irkil- Pass. f. of Irk-; 'to be collected; to
come together, assemble'. S.i.s.rn.1. Cf. fikiil-,
D ergiiz Hap. l e ~ . ;I>ev. N. fr. erii:- with - . XI sii: t e l i m irkildi: 'a numerous
y ~ g ~ lXak.
suffix -guz othenvise unknown; for the elision army assembled' (ictama'a); also used of any
of -ti:- cf. ergiir-. The form of the word things that assemble until they are numerous
is firmly fixed by its location betwecn VU (kajura) Kal I 249 (irkiliir, irki1me:k):
Arvuz, a P.N., and ogsiiz. Xak. XI ergiiz K B bilig k i m y i t e g o l neD irklil t u r u r
su:v ~trwdbntu'l-!ale wa'l-camd f i ibtidd'i'l- wisdom is like alchemy; it is a thing which
-mbi' 'the melting of snow and ice at the be- accumulates' 310; Xwar. xrv irkll- 'to be
ginning of spring1; in a verse ya:y yarU:pan collected' Qutb 60: KIP. xrv irkil- iclama'a
ergiizi: aktl: a k l n m u n d n z ~ :translated 'the Id. I i : O s m . xrv ff. irkil- 'to assemble';
spring morning has dawneri and the melted ice, c.i.a.p. T T S 1 3 8 8 ; I1 545; III 380; I V 535.
and the strt5anls in flood have flowcd down'
KO$.I v 6 . D iirkiii- IIap. leg.; Pass. f. (used only as on
Impersonal verb) of iirk-. Xak. xr iirkilnq
Dis. V. ERG- bolup iirkiilcli: ~onqa'ati'l-ltaziihiz /rutlli
ntrjiro ~,ritrlrci'panic broken out so that (the
D irik- (?6rlk-) Emphatic f. of 1 i:r-; 'to prop!:) scattered because of it' Kag. 1 2 5 0
hc disgusted, bored'. Survives in NE, several ( d r k u l d r , iirkiilme:k),
dialects, erik- R I 764, also Khak., Tuv.;
SE Turki irik- Sltaw 33; NC Krr. erik-, D irkle:- 'to trample on (something Arc.)';
Kzx. Brig-; SW xx Anat. erik- DD 544; Dev. N. fr. Irk, but the semantic connection is
these forn~ssuggest an original pronunciation only metaph. The entries in KO?, arc mostly
as Brik-. Xek. XI KB (the world called me unvocalized but the Uyg. spellings of this verb
lovingly) ktigiil b 6 r d i m e r s e i r i k t i eve and irklet- and the alternative form with
'when I gave it my heart, it quickly got bored' prosthetic y- make the spelling certain. Uyg.
1172; 0.0. 548, 5674: G a p xv ff. i r i k - (-di) vrrr ff. Bud. PP 65, 5 (see E 1gIe:-): Xak. XI
srtbci!~ trk~ndenkalk- 'to pet up early in the 01 y8:rig irkle:di: rua!i'a'l-ard 'he trampled
morning' (quotns., see below) and !ar~l- yor- on the ground (ctc.)'; dialect 'form (Irria) of
trl- 'to be vexed, bored' (quotns.) Vel. 53; ik1e:di: (nlisvocalized ek1e:di:) Kag. I11 443
irik- (spelt) dilgir girdan 'to be displeased' ( i r k l e : ~ , irkle:me:k, all unvocalized); 01
Son. 9%. 28 (quotns.) (the error of Vel.'s first y8:rig ik1e:dl: samv translation Kay. I 287
translation is pointed out in do. loor. 26 S.V. (ikie:r, ik1e:me:k all unvocnlized): Ikledl:
2 {rig): Xwar. xrv Brik- 'to be disgusted,
bored (with sonleone Abl.)' Qtrtb 5 I , 60 (irik-):
K o m . xrv 'to be disgusted' e r i k - CCZ; Gr.:
'my
SIC) me:nig a d n k k e r m e d l p ogri: tuza:k
foot accidentally trod-(mqi'a) on the
hidden trap' 1 380, 14; ol y8:rig yik1e:dl:
KIP. s r r r al-docor 'to be annoyed, disgusted' same translation, in the dialect of those who
I r l k m e k Ifou. 27, 14: s v dacnra (yada-, converted olif into yri'; the more correct form
sizla-; in margin) irik- Ttth. 23a. 12; nazaqa (nl-af!ah) is ik1e:di: 111309 (yikle:r, y1kle:-
'to be irritable' irik- do. 37a 12. me:k): K B see Urkle:-.
VU (?D) 4rge:- possibly Den. V. fr. 2 D 6rkle:- Den. V. fr. 6 r k ; 'to tether(a horse,
6 r u g ; see orgin. 'Ibe urord in Tef., if it etc. Arc.).' Survives in SW xx Anat. okle-/
 1. ERG
Grcklc-Inrklc-/orukIc-Iuriiklc- ,SI)/) I 106, t a r k a r u r 'lie niclts and dissipates heat'
etc.; some of tlicsc forriis ;~ndNI: 'l'el. iirA:lo-, do. 46-7: Civ. m a t u lug s u v k a crgUrCip
NC I<lr, ditto.; I<zu. orele- are perhaps 'maceratinfi citrons (I.-w.) in water' N 11 22.
der. fr. 6rUk. Xak. X I 01 a t ~ korkle:di: 'he 41; a.0. do. 24, 42; Xak. X I ya:g ergiirdi:
tethered (yadda) the horse to a stake with a 'he melted (addba) the fat' (etc.) Kaj. I 227
long rope' Kaf. 111443 (a'kle:r, 6rkle:me:k): (ergiiriir, ergiirme:k).
K B (any beg who is prudent watches over his
realm) y a g ~boynl yanqtl tize orkledi 'he 11 2 6rgiir- Caus. f. of 2 6r-; etymologically
crushes the enemy's neck and ties him down' 'to cause (something) to reach or arrive', but
2016 (the Fcrgana MS. reads ikledi 'trampled', except in Osm. with rather different meanings.
and this, or irkledi, makes better sense, Survived in Osm. until fairly recently, but now
and is pruh. the correct reading): (xrrr(?) Tef. only in xx Anat. erg6r-IergUr-/irkar/
a r k l e n - 'to he fastened to (sotncthing Dat.)' i r g o r - S D D 544, 796. U y g v ~ r rff. Civ. brte
Refl. f. 248 (8rkleir-); o (iirklen-, same kiin t a v r a k buyan krl agnukan 6rgUrti
quotn.)): O s m . X V I l i r d e - translates Ar. etBziigni kdzed 'early in the morning swiftly
words for 'to tether' in two dicts. TTS 11756; do good deeds; seizing the first possible op-
ZV 629. portunity(?) preserve your body' TT I17r-3;
tirkiirii buyan kil TT VZI 28, 2 is prob.
D irklet- Caus. f. of irk1e:- ; 'to make (some- a misreading of ergiirU: Xak. XI 01 agka:
one Dot.) trample on (something Arc.)'. ergiirdi: adraka'l-ta'dm qobl an yanfalit 'he
N.0.a.b. Uyg. vrrrff, hlan. beg a j u n u g got hold of the food bcfore it went past him';
irkletlp ozkurtuguz 'Thou hast saved us, also used of anyone who gets hold of anything
making us trample on the five forms of exis- before it goes past him Kal. I 2 2 7 (ergtifir,
tence' 7'T 111 47: Xak. X I 01 a g a r y6:r ergiirme:k): O s m . xrv ff. ergllr-/irgUr-
ikletti: 'he made him trample (oru{a'ahu) on (8rgiir-)/eriir-liriir- (briir-) 'to make, or let
the ground' Knf. I 2 6 5 (ikletUr, ikletme:k, (someone Arc.) reach (a place Dot.); to bring
all unvocalized). (something Acc., to someone Dot.)', c.1.a.p.
D erklen- Refl. Dcn. V. fr. e r k ; 'to possess TTS 1 2 7 5 ; 11395; 111263; 11'436.
power or authority'. Survives only(?) in NW D erksin- Refl. Simulative Den. V. fr. e r k ;
I<ar. L., T. R I 7 8 1 ; Kow. 184. Tiirku vrrr ff. 'to have power, or authority (over someone
Man. 6l(l)enmekim etoz meglsi beged- Arc. or iize:)'. N.0.a.b. Tiirku V I I ~ff. Man.
m e k i m e r k l e n m e k i m 'my being a ruler, Bl(1jenmek e r k s i n m e k 'to be a ruler and
bodily pleasure, my being a beg, and my have authority' M I11 16, 9 (ii); a.0. do. 19, 14:
possession of authority' (have become very Uyg. VIII ff. Man.-A M 1 2 7 , 10 (ugur): Bud.
worthless and trivial in my sight) 7'T 11 8, b u r s a g kuvrng iize erksindimiz e r s e r 'if
43-4. we have exercised authority over Buddhist
D f r k i n - Refl. f. of irk-; 'to collect(things) for communities (Hend.)' T T I V 6, 45; 0.0.
oneself'. N.0.a.b.; irkin- 'to stop from hesita- Pfaiil. 22, 3 (ugur); USp. Ioza. 7-8: Civ.
tion or fright' Red. 293 is no doubt a Sec. f. g ~ l a v a n t i l a rseliler erksinip 'the clergy and
of tirkiin- (see iirkiinq). Xak. X I 01 ii:zige: laity (I.-w.) having authority' (over certain
neg irkindi: 'he collcctcd (cagna'a) things for properties) USp. 88, 26-7: Kom. xrv b a r ~ a -
himsclf' Kah I 254 (irkinur, 1rkinme:k): l a r n ~erksindeqi 'ruler over all' CCG; Gr.
F a g . xv fE irkin-(-tir) translated q a ~ du D irkig- Co-op. f. of i r k - ; 'to help to collect',
trrayl eyle- 'to be inclined towards', but in the etc. S.i.s.m.1. Xak. xr 01 maga: tawa:r
supporting quotn. the mcaning is clearly 'to irkigti: 'he helped me to collect(ji cam') the
collect' Vel. 52 (not in San. where i r k - is property'; also for 'to compete'. Kaj. I 238
described as R~imi). (irkigii:r, 1rkisme:k); ke1ge:lirnet irkigli:r
VUD &$en- Rcfl. f. of 6rge:-; 'to rest' iacamnra'a li'l-itjdn (the warriors) 'assembled
or the like. This seems the obvious etymo- to come' 1144, 10; 325, H .
logical explanation of this word, although
'to be saturated' or the like would suit the D iirkiiv- Co-op. f. of iirk-; 'to be completely
context hcttcr. N.n.3.b. TUrkii V I I I ff. Man. panic-stricken'. Survives only(?) in NE Khak.
(then that good man) k a m a g 621 ton1 Xak. X I Ka?. I 155, 19 ( a n ~ n ) ;1i.m.e.: Gag.
b a s t a n (sic, as usually in this text) adak(k)a xvff. iirkiig- (spclt) synonym (murddif) of
t e g i k a n k a irig(k)e orgenip 'with his whole iirk- in the sense of rnm ka~dan 'to be
body and cloth in^ from head to foot lying frightened' Smi. 69r. I I.
in blood nrid pus' M I 5 , 12-14; arlgsizka D ergiiz- contracted (cf. ergiiz, ergiir-)
Srgenmlsin (seeing hiinself) 'lying in filth' Caus. f. of erii:-. Survives only(?) in NE
(lo. 6, 7-8. 'I'uv. Uyg. vlrr ff. Civ. 6lUg migkiqnig
D 1 ergiir- contracted (cf. ergiiz, ergiiz-) yakristn ergiiztip 'melting the fat of a dead
Caus. f. of e r u - ; 'to melt, dissolve (something wild cat' H 157-8
Acc.); 'to macerate (something Arc., in some-
thing Dat.)'. N.0.a.b. Uyg. vlrr ff. Man. (the T r i s . ERG
fourth virtue of the Wind God is that he] 5riiki: N./A.S. fr. orii:; 'situated above, high'.
t u r n [ l ~ g ~ gergilrer
] 'melts what is frozen Survives only in most NE dialects 'Bregil
Wind. 39-40; (the fifth that) islgig ergtirer iiriigii: R 1 1219, 12zr. Uyg. vrrrff. Civ.
iistiinki alttnkt taplacit iiriikl kodtkt 'I'ris. V. ERG-
sevindi ' t h o ~ ea b o c~ and helnw wcre pleased, 1) 1 iirgiiqlen- I<cIl. Den. V. fr. 1 iirgiiq; 'to
the high and the low were glad' T?' 1128-9. be lumpy, hut~ipctl',etc. S.i.a.rn.1. 1Jya.vln ff.
L> e r i g l i g I'.N./r\. fr. 3 e r i g ( ? ) ; n.0.a.h. R.lan.-A (of the sra) iirgiiqlcnmekig 'I)eit~g
UyA. \.ti1 ff. Bud. Sanskrit s~dlrr~viitdram rough' M III 9, 3 (ii): X a k . xr s u : ~iirgUq-
(daniagetl, hut prob. reatl~np)'one who spends lendi: mrjcn'l-tnii' 'the water was covered with
his life virtuously' e d g u e r i g l l g i g TT V I I l naves'; (here conies 2 argiiqlen-); and one
C.1: (Xak.) S I I I ( ? ) Tpf. .;nharn 'to appear says egiq orgilqlendi: srjrati'l-qirlr ddt irLfiyn
(to someone, iize)' e r i g l i g bol- 81 (belongs 'the pot had a foot-stand' (i.c. not a spherical
here?). bottom) Krrs. 1 3 1 2 (iirgiiqlenur, iirgiiqlen-
me:k); a.0. I 9 5 ( I i i r g i i ~ ) .
1) e:riglik Hap. leg. (but see oriigliik);
A.N. fr. 5 e r i g . X a k . xr 6:riglik farrihattt'f- D 2 orgiiqlen- Ken. Den. V. fr. 2 orgilq.
-dutcdbb 'li\eliness in pack animals' Knf. I I Sa. X a k . xr kl:z Brgll$lendi: the p ~ r lhad a
plait of hair' (qcinzn'n rcn dnjirn) Knp. I 312
D eriikliik A.N. (Conc. N.) fr. 1 e r i i k ; (orgiiqleniir, 6rgtiqlenme:k).
survives in SW Osm. e r i k l i k 'a plum D Qrkeklen- I<efl. Den. V. fr. Q r k e k .
orchard'. Xak. xr eriikliik tnnnbntri'l-mtux N.0.a.b. IJyg. VII ff. Civ. (in a fragmentary
'3 peach orchard' KO?. 1 152.
calcr~dnrtest) i:rke:klc:nlir 'is ninscnline'(?)
I) iriikluk A.N. fr. i r i i k ; n.0.a.b. X a k . XI TT Y I I l P.19: Xak. XI su:v erkeklendi:
KI3 (if a beg does not perform the essential miicn'l-mri 'the water was covered with waves';
duties just n~cntioned)iriikliik k l r i i r 6lke and one says n n l n yl:r~l:erkeklendi: iq$rr'nr-
anrla b n s a 'disintegration sets in in the realm m cildrthic 'his skin was covered with goose-
in due course' 5906. flesh': PL'U kndalika idfi nrd'l-racul rocrrliyn
'and also when a man shows virility' K q . I 3 15
1) oriigliik A.N. fr. iiriig; 'calm, quietness', ( e r k e k l e r ~ t i r erkek1enme:k;
, in the first two
and the like. Survives in a word meaning 'an meanings the word seems to be a muddle with
entertainment provided for a newly-arrived 1 Brgiiqlen-).
neighbour by earlier residents' noted as NC
K I ~ijriiliik/orii:liik;
. Kzx. Q r u l i k (sic); SW D erig1e:- Den. V. fr. 1 e r i g ; noted only in
xu Anat. ilrtiltik S D D r I 18. See Doerfer I1 the Hend. 8tle:- erig1e:- 'to advise'. Uyg.
590. Xak. st KU a m u l l u k k e r e k e r k e k l l k ~ V I I I ff. Bud. U III 15, T I , etc. (ijt1e:-).
ogay, oriigliik k e r e k b e g k e t u g s a kiin a y I> eriik1e:- (Qriik1e:-) Den. V. fr. 2 e r i i k
'a man of u p r i ~ h tcharacter must be tranquil ( e r u k ) ; 'to tan (hides)'. X a k . X I <ol)teri:
and a beg calm whether the sun or moon is eriik1e:di: cinbo~u'tcilri'he tanned the hide'
rising' 32;: 3.0. 1gS8: (strr(?) Tef.iistnrud 'to Kap. I go6 (eriikle:r, er8kle:tne:k); a.o.
rest' iiriigliig bol- 81 (trar~scril)cdeti~lik?)). I 70 (2 eriik): K o m . s ~ v'tanned Imther'
I1 (iriikliig P.N./A. fr. iiriik; 'plaited' and the eriklegeri t c r i C C C ; Gr.
like. S.i.s.m.1. as iiriill/Brulii. X a k . X I K B D e r u k l e n - Refl. Den. V. fr. 1 eriik; pec.
uriikliig saqt 'his plaited hair' 582;. to Kup. X a k . xr y1ga:q eriiklendi: 'the tree
L>crkliglik fr. e r h l i g ; 'power, author- bore pcnchcs, npricots, or plums' Knp I 294
(eriikleniir, eriik1enme:k); a.0. 111 348, 13.
ity'. Survives only(?) in N C Kir. erktii:lUk;
I i z ~eriktilik.
. Xak. X I K B tiizu n e g k e y e t t i D i r i g l c n - Hefl. Den. V. fr. 2 i r i g ; survives
bu erkliglikig 'Thine authority extends over only(?) in N C Klr. i r d e n - 'to grow (in size
all things' 9: x ~ r [ ( ? )Tef.e r k l i g l i k 'indepen- or hulk)' Yrid. 370. X a k . X I K B i r i g l e n d i
dence, arbitrary behaviour(?)' 83. iidlek m a g a tIlgdi kaq 'the times were harsh
F orgesiin 'thorn' a Mong. word (Kow. 590, harsh and frowried on me' 1586; (do not he angry if
llnltoii r 14) is mentioned as such in Sun. but uvords are addressed to you) k u n i sijz
does not seem to have become a I.-w. in any i r i g 01 i r i g l e n m e Bz 'truth is harsh, do not
Turkish languages; it is therefore very un- be harsh yourself' 5775.
likely that this is the word in H I1 since these D erukse:- IIap. leg.; Desitl. Den. V. fr.
medicinal texts are almost certainly all anterior 1 e r u k X a k . XI e r eriikse:di: 'the man longed
to x ~ r r ;it is perhaps a misreading of ovkesin (tamonnd) for peaches, etc.' Kas. I 3 0 3 (eriik-
'his lung'. Uyg. vrrr ff. Civ. klzil Brgesin se:r, erukse:me:k).
name of a drug H 11 34, 21: C a b X V ff.
iirkesiin (?pelt) in Rlong. xdr 'thorn', in Ar. D e r k s i n t i i r - Caus. f. of e r k s i n - , but
called ~ o ~ Son.c k 71 r. 20. practically spn. w. it. N.o.a.h. Uyg. vrlr ff.
Bud. Sanskrit adl~ipatitn krtwd 'making him
11 erksizlik A.N. fr. e r k s i z ; 'lack of inde- n supreme ruler' e r k s i n t t i r m e : k k111p TT
pendence', etc. Survives only(?) in N C Kzx. V I I I A.7; iili7dlripnti 'the lord of uprightness'
Criksizdik and NiV Kar. I,. 1'. e r k s i z l i k q a x q s p a t e r k s i n d i i r m e : k l i g docr. 4.44.
R I 784. Xnk. sr K B kiirii b a r s a y a l ~ u k
b u erksizlikin 'if a tnan could see that he has D erksire:- Hap. leg.; Priv. Den. V. fr. e r k ;
no (real) freedom of action' (how could h e 'to lack independence or authority'. UY&
behave so badly ?) 1534. vrtr ff. (gap) e r k s i r e y i n (gap) hf I1 6, 8.
 D I S . V '. A R L -
Dis. ARL of 1 a : r - although that is an Intrans. V.; 'to
?Eerle: Hap. leg.; the alij is unvocalized, but be tired'. If a Pass. f. of 2 a:r-, 'to be tricked'.
otherwise the word is quite clear; the transla- TUrkii V I I I I S g , II N 7 ( a l k ~ n - ) .
tion supgests that it is a scrihal crrnr for ergo:, D 2 artl- IIap. leg.; a mere jingle used only in
q.v. Xak. X I bolsa: k i m l g altun kiimug the phr. a r t l sarll- (see 1 s a r t l - ) and without
erle: 6te:r 'if a man gets gold and silver, kadd a separate existence; apparently different from
yamhad motan 'so he establishes a residence' 6rll-, q.v.
(and when he is settled in place he offers his
rrorship to C;nd) Kaj. I I I 25 I , to. D 6ril- flap. leg.; so spelt hut ?eril-. Prima
facie a mere jingle like 2 arll-, but unlike
1) u r l u k 'seed' (for sowing); metaph. 'pro- that word entered separately with Aor. and
geny, descendants'. Not definitely traceable Infin. See seril-. Xak. xr e r 6rildi: serildl:
earlier than X I I I the
, prob. earliest date of the ihtazza'l-racul min Rnmm ma lrima nafsahrl
Uyg. texts quoted below. rlma facie A.N. fihi 'the man was shaken with grief and blamed
(Cone. N,) fr. u r , but the on( ividence for the himself for it' Kag. I 196 (brilur, 6rllme:k).
existence of such a word is the entry in Id.
below where u:r may be a misunderstanding D 1:ril- Pass. f. of 2 i:r-; lit. 'to be breached'
of uru:, Sec. f. of 2 u r u g . The likeliest ex- and the like; metaph. (of the moon) 'to wane'
planation is that this is a crasis of u r u a l u k , (i.e. to have part of its visible surface cut off).
q.v. Survives only(?) in NW I<ar. L., T. N.0.a.b. Xak. X I ta:m i:rildi: 'the wall (etc.)
u r l u k l u r l u x R I 1670; Kozu. 275; Kaz. was breached' (infalama); hence one says a y
o r l i k and S W xx Anat. u r l u k S D D 1420. i:rildi: 'the moon waned' (axada'l-qamar
Uyg. vrlr ff. Civ. (in the usual fr~rmula fi'l-nrcqs(in) towards the end of the month
renouncing any further interest in a sold Kag. I 270 (i:rilur, i:rilme:k): K B k u n 6 k
property; ourselves, our elder and younger (so read) k o r Irilmez tolu o k t u r u r 'the sun
brothers) u r l u k u m u z iizliigumuz 'our pro- does not wane, it is (always) full' 825; tolu
geny and blood relations' USp. 16, 15 ff. ( a g a e r d i a y l m irildi tolu 'my moon was full, the
for 'elder brother' dates this document to xrrr full (moon) has waned' 1071; k u r u g kaldl
or later); similar phr. do. 57, 13 (allmqi:); orn1 irildi igim 'his place has remained
in a sin~ilarformula in (lo. 13, 12 the word empty and my fortunes have declined' 1576:
used is u r u g u m ; a.o. do. 21, 3 (1 inqii:): xrrr(?) At. k a m u g t o l g a n irliir 'everything
Xwar. x ~ (looking v with lust is) zing u r l u k l that uraxes wanes' 199: KIP. xrv iril- zdla 'to
'the progeny of adultery' Nahc. 350, 12: K o m . wane' Id. 10.
xrv 'seed' u r l u k C C I ; Gr.: Ktp. xrrr al-biddr
'seed for sowing' u r l u g (sic) Hoir. 9, 15: D orul- Pass. f. of o r - ; 'to be reaped.
xrv (u:r (v.1. U ~ Z Ual-bazr) 'seed'); u:rluk mown'. Survives only(?) in NC J<lr. Xak. xr
al-mn'ndd minhtr li'l-za'r 'that (part of it) (in the same para. as u r u l - ) t a n g oruldt:
which is destined for sowing' fd. 10: xv bazr hrtfida'l-zar' 'the crop was reaped' Kaj. I 194
'seed' u r l u k Ttrlr. 7 h 13. (no Aor. or Infin.): Gag. xvff. orul- (by
implication 'with 0 - ' ) diraru ftrdan 'to be
D erlik A.N. fr. 1 e r ; 'manliness, \-irility'. reaped' Son. 67v. 15.
S.i.m.~n.l.~.Uyg. v ~ r rff. Civ. erliki ked D u r u l - Pass. f. of u r - ; 'to he p u t ; to he
bolttr 'his virility I~ccomcsexcellent' If I 78: struck', etc. (cf. u r - ) . No doubt s.i.a.m.l.g.; in
X a k . X I e r l i k 'virility' Kay. I 104: Gag. S W Osm. vurui-. Xak. xr e r u r u l d ~ :'the
xv ff. 6rlik (and 6renlik) erlik Vcl. 54 man (etc.) was beaten' (ditriha); and one says
(quotn.); erlik mar& ma dzdd innrcii 'man- t6rgi: uruldl: 'the table was put into position';
liness, liberty' (the latter ?confused with and one says tu:g uruldi: durihati'l- namba
erklik) San. loor. 14: Xwar. xrv erlik rua hiya'l-lubril 'the watch was beaten, that
'manliness, bravery' Qtdb 21; 6rlik do. 52: is the drums'; (orul- follows) Kaf. I 194
K o m , xrv '(human) nature'prlik C C G ; Gr.: (urulu:r, u r u l m a : k ; verse): xrrr(?) At. ozaki
O s m . xrv ff. erlik 'bravery , and occasionally urulm19 m a f a l 'a proverb cited of old' 164
'virility' in several texts T T S I I 392; III 260; (literal translation of Ar. phr. duriba malal);
I v 303. Tef. u r u l - 'to be put', etc. 331 : xlv Mtrh.(?)
D iirltig P.N./A. fr. 1 i i r ; 'everlasting'. dtrraa u r u l - Rif. 129 (only): Gag. xvff.
N.0.a.h. Uyg. vrlr fT. Bud. u r l u g 6nc n t r v a n u r u l - ('with u-') zada girdan 'to be beaten' San.
baltklig 'dwelling in the city of everlasting 67v. 16: X w a r . X I V u r u l - (I) (of a table) 'to be
peaceful nirvdna' Srrv. 680, 18 (a text printed placed in position'; (2) (of a drum) 'to be
in the sanlc voltlme as Strv.); a.o. Suv. 33, 4. beaten' Qutb 199; ( I ) only MN 21: Klp. xv
duriba u r u l - Kav. 26, 10(mis-spelt trricn-) and
D o r l e m Hap. leg.(?); N.S.A. fr. 6rle:-. Xak. 13; Ttrh. 86a. 13.
xr K B t o g a r d m b a t a r k a b i r o r l e m y 6 r 01
'from east to west it is a distance which can be D oriil- Pass. f. of 2 o r - ; 'to be plaited' and
ccwered as a single stage(?)' 3706. the like. S.i.~.m.l.g. Xak. X I o r g e n ariildi:
rutnila'l-nis' the thong of the camel's girth
was plaited' Kag. I 195 (orulur, 6riilme:k;
Dis. V. ARL- MS. in error -ma:k); Gag. xv ff. 6rul- b a a
D 1 arll- Hap. leg.; the context seems to ~ u d n n'to be plaited, twisted', etc. San. 67v. 16
require that this should be taken as a Pass f. (quotn.).
 1) iiriil- Pass, f. of 1 i i r - ; 'to he inflated', b o l s a ertlern c r iirlt'p ctqar 'sf hc has niany
and mrtaph. 'to s\vcll. I>edistended'. S.i.s.m.1. nod qualitirs a tnan soars upwar-ds' 264h; (thc
IJy2. \ V I I ff. Man. (in the spring months) srtn turnecl back to the earth and hid its face)
I tgnqlar s l g a r iiriiliir 'the shruhs and trees k a l t k m e g z i kig t e g b o l u p orlecli 'the cc~ln~tr
swell and are distended' (as a man blows up a of the firmanicnt turned to sable and rose' (the
hladder) Wind. 21-2: Civ. ka:rnl iirii:liir world ruhhetl a coal-black colour on its fnce)
'his stomach is distended' TT V I I I 1.8; k a r t n 3836; 0.0. 3840, 4889, 4967-8, 5677 (usrtally
u r i i l m e k i g k e r l l m e k i g 'distension (Hend.) of stars, etc., rising): Gag. nv ff, ijrle-(-p)
of the stonlach' I1 11 8, 39; 10, 60: Xak. X I :*oktrsln- . . . ~'o'ttijfoktrgn yrh- 'to rise, yo
e r 6vke:sinde: iiriildt: 'the man swelled up%-ards' l'cl. xoz (qurltn.); iirlc- (spclt)
(itttnjovn) with anger'; and one says ka:b bdid rojtnrt ditto Sort. 70r. 7 (same quotn.).
iiriildt: 'the Idadder was inflated' (nttJixa);
and one says o:t iiriildi: 'the fire was blown D iirlet- Cauc. f. r ~ title:-; f lit. 'to raise', but
up' (ntrfio); both Pnss. and Intrans. Kng. I in the early percocl rather 'to rousc, disturb'.
195 (prnv.; no Aor. or Infin.); b u e r 01 S.i.s.rn.l. Uyg. V I I I If. Rlarl. (passcnns, hatred,
opke:n iirii1ge:n 'this man is constantly etc.) o r l e t i i r e r t i ttnllRlarlg 'have disturbed
s\\.elling with anger like a bladder' 1 158: mankind' T T I11 34: I31cd. b u m u l l t a g
XIII(?)Trf, iiiiriil- (of a trumpet) 'to he blnwn' n ~ z v a n ~ l a tru r k a r u a n i r u o r l e t s e r 'if
340: X w n r . s t v ditto Nnhr. 177, 3: Osrn. emotions likc this c ~ r ~ s t a n t (IIcnd.)
ly disturb
xv to X\'III (only) iiriil- 'to Ilc distended; (of a him' T T V I ; 4 ; n.0. Sctr~.135, I 6-17 (ernget-)
trumpet) to he blown' in several tests T T S I 136, 17; T7'1'161, 374; I.7140, 38 etc.
747; 11 95s; 111733; I V 805. D e r l e n - I(cf1. I h n . 1'. fr. 1 e r ; (of 2 ~vnman)
D trla:- Dcn. V. fr. 1 1:r; 'to sing, recite', 'to be married', cf. evlen- ditto (of e man).
and thc like. S.i.m.m.l.g. Although often spelt Survivcs only(?) in NC I<lr. ertlen-lerlen-
with prosthetic y-, most early forms and the 'to display inanliness, rcach maturity'; cf.
N E form lrla- and NC Ktr. l r d a - show that erleg-. X a k . XI ura:gut erlendi: toan-
this is secondary. Uyg. V I I I ff. Bud. l r l a y u zonccati'l-mnr'n 'the womnn married' I<nt. I
'singing' (with a luvrly voice) U 111 46, 13; 257 (erleniir, er1enrne:k): xlv Mrth. nl-
a.o. T T X 144-5 (1 t:r)-ylrlap U 11175, 11; -mriznscrcom 6:rlenrnig Mrl. 5 3 , I (Rif, 149
T T X 4 4 2 ; bodiyu yrrlayu'dancinpandsing- beg1i:g): O s m . srv e r l e n - (of n woman) 'to
ing'UI4r,21;IV8,36;o.o.PI'70,2;,;7x,t: marry' in thrcc texts TT,S 1273; I11259.
Xak. X I e r y1rla:dl: t@nnitri'l-mctrltrinrya 'the D o r l e n - RcR. f. of iir1e:- 'to risc, clinih', ctc.,
ninn Fang a song' K a f . III go8 (ylrla:r, ytr- csp. of heavenly bodies. Survives in some N B
1a:ma:k); a.o.I113,26(l r:r):s111(?) T ~ f . l r l a - dialects and S E 'Fiirki. X a k . st b u l t t nrlentli:
'to sing' I zg: X I V illtrlr. RnirnZ ylrla:- ,Ifel. 29, nngn'ati'l-m!rrThn 'the cloud rose'; it is better
I I : t:rla:- RJ". I 13: G a g . svff, ylrln-(-y)rrln- (rrn'l-oIrrnn) to sny (1) 6:rdl: K ~ J .I 257 I
I i l . 419 (qr~otn.);yrrla- (spclt; 'with -I-') (iirlcriiir, iirlc.t:mc:k; vrrse): Cnc. xvff.
.srcn~m~rt/itgiktircion 'to sing' Snir. 349r 9 : o r l c n - hn-!~rilZ hor-Crrrndnit 'to risc up' Sntr.
K o m . X I V 'to sing' l r l a - C C I . C C G ; Gr: 70r. 21 (with a qicotn. about a dead donkey on
Klp. stllgnit~tdtninn'l-ghrri l r l a - (-ail in error) ~ r h o s chones the flesh reappcarcd; Vcl. 103
Iinrr. 42, 14: S I V 11-IR-gnitird id. l o : xv gnnitd gives the s:ime clccotn. but nii:;translatcs
y t r l a - T~rh.z7a. 8 : Osrn. slv IT. l r l a - (very iirlendi rj'rtiildi 'was covcrcd'). (
mrcly y ~ r l a - )'to sing'; c.i.a.p. T T S I 355;
11502; 111344; I V 396. 11 erleg- Hap. leg.; Rccip Den. V. fr. 1 e r ;
cf. erlen-. X a k . SI o1a:r ikki: erlegdi:
(US) orla:- (or1:la:-) abbretviated I>en. IT.fr. tohZrnyd fi'l-rrtctili~a 'the two of them
or!:; 'to tnakea loud noise, shout', and the like. competed in virility' K q . I 239 (erlegii:r,
Survives only(?)in NE o r l a - Koih. 'to moo' R I erlegme:k).
1064; I<hak. ditto and 'to shout', which cstabli-
shes o- as against u-. Uyg. V I I I ff. Bud. a n t a 0 k D orlag- (or1:larj-) Co-op. f. of orla:-; 'to
B o d r s a v t y a n a kat12 iinin o r l a d l 'thcreupon shorlt, etc. topcthrr'. Survivcs only(?) in N E
the Rodhisattva elephant trunrl,cted loudly' Koih., I<hak. o r l a s - !sir). Xak. st bo:c_lun
U III 58, 5 (i): X a k . XI e r or1:la:dt: ygra'l- k a m u g orlagdt: c:i!rn I-qnxm mn cflf<rlhii 'the
-racttl rra rofalo'n 'aqiratnlirr 'the man shouted people shouted and called out'; originally
and raised his voice'; and one savs e r ort:la:d~: ori:lagdl: l i n g . 1 2 3 9 (orlagu:r, orln9ma:k).
snl~fo'l-rocr~l run zdrio filri 'nni'l-2ri?.n 'the man
boasted and exaggerated grossly' ICng. 1 309 T r i s . ARC I

(ort:la:r, or1:la:ma:k); y l r t l p (so read) y a k a : PC' arnlt: H a p . Irg.; the central 1-1nvr1,if any,
o:rlayu: lnmazznqn'l-crrrt~bhdn hi-'ntuil mn'a- is unknown. Some menning like 'nine months
lrti 'tile? tear their collars shouting at the same old', nr 'with nine points to its horns' might he
I
tinic' 1 189, 2 (or possihly O:TIIRYU:):S I V al- expected, but cannot be got out of the word
l . I ; Rif. 124.
-nidri'to s h o u t ' o : r ~ ~ l a m a k A f e38, as it stands; -11: is not a possible P.N./A. Suff. I

in Turku. Probably corrupt or a foreign word.

Ll 6rle:- Dev. N. fr. 1 o:r; 'to rise, go up- Tiirkii vr11 ff. t o k u z a r a l l stgu:n k6yi:k
wards' and the like. S.i.m.m.1.g. w. some m e n '1 arn a nine . . . mardl deer' I r k B 60.
phonetic changes and extensions of meaning;
in S W only in sx Anst. S D D I t 16. X a k . XI D a r a l t k A.N. (sometimes Conc. N.)in -Ilk
KB (a nlan by virtue surpasses others) iikilg fr. a r a : ; s.t.a.tn.l.g. in a wide range of mean- 1
 TRIS. ARM 23 1

ings. Uyg. v111ff. Bud. [ a r l a l ~ k t aUSp. Ioza.

45, if correctly restored, proh. means 'in the D o r u m N.S.A. fr. o:r-; survives in SE
intermediate state': Gag. xv ff. a r a l t g (sic, Tiirki 'harvest time' B.? 763; NC Klr, 'a
but certainly A.N.) wasof run mij>dn 'centre, crop'. Xak. X I bi:r o r u m o t 'the quantity of
middle' Son. 36v. r I (quotn.). grass that is reaped at one time' (ytlxtal6
marrata(n)) Kay. I 75.
D iriiliig Hap. Icg.(?)'; P.N./A. fr. i d : . Uyg.
VIIIff. Man. iriiliig e d g u kilnke 'on an D o r i i m Map. leg.(?);N.S.A. fr. 2 6:r-; 'some-
auspicious favourahle day' M 1 2 6 , 21-2. thingplaited or woven'. Xak. XI KB4768(guz).
D firlukltig. P.N./A. fr, *tirluk, A.N. fr. D o r m e : Pass. Dev. N./A. fr. 2 6:r-; 'some-
1 Ur; 'everlasting, eternill'; cf. urltiksuz. thing plaited or spun' and the like. S.i.a.m.1.g.
N.0.a.h. Uyg. vrtl ff Bud. Sanskrit nityai- Xak. XI orme: saq of-dafira 'a plait of hair'
vdniryn pva v i 'whether eternal or transitory' KO$. I 129; 6: rme:sa$ ditto I 11, 27: xlv
iirliiklii$ erse:r yeme: 4fliikstiz erse:r Muh.(?) lawbu'f-xargdh 'the covering of a
yeme: T T VIII F.6; a k ~ k s i ztirltikliig tent' o:rme: Rif. 180 (only; mis-spelt 6:zme:) :
paogin etBz 'the stable eternal Sambhogakiya' Gag. xv ff, i i r m e (spelt) yak naru'-i ri~mani
(recompense body, Chinese pao shgn.-Giles ast ki ba-tariq-i nawdr-i pahn mi-bifand 'a kind
8,731 9,813) Srrw. 704, 15-16. of rope which they spin in the form of a thick
cable' San. 71v. I.
D iirltikstiz Priv. N./A. fr. *urliik; 'tran-
sitory'. N.0.a.h. Uyg. vrrl ff. Man. T T III D o r m e k Infin. of 2 6:r- used as a Conc. N.;
142-3 (bogtin-): Bud. aktgllg tirltiksiiz apparently 'a ~ l a i t e d ,knitted or woven gar-
be9 y a p ~ g ~'the
g five unstable, transitory ment'. In NC 1<1r., Kzx. o r m e k now means
attachments' Suw. 704, 14-15; 0.0. TT V I I I 'a primitive loom' and in NW Kaz. e r m e k
F.6 (iirliikliig); T T X 540 (yatlan-); U III 'a garment of camel's hair' (hence Russian
43, 7. armyak 'a peasant's overcoat'). See Doerfer I1
466. Uyg. V I I I ff. Civ. in a document relating
to the delivery of various goods, mainIy cloth,
l'rls. V. ARL- i k i o r m e k iki t o n 'two woven garments(?),
D ara:la:- Ilcn. V. fr. ara:; 'tc? be, or go, hc- two (made up) garments' USp. 31, 18: F a g .
xv ff. Brmek jvak noto'-i $61-i ndztrk ki a s
tween; to mediate', and the like. S.i.a.m.l.g., p a p - i jutur mi-bdfnnd 'a kind of thin mantle
with some extended meanings. Xak. XI 01 woven from camel's hair' San. 71r. 27.
ikki: kigi: otra: ara:la:dl: 'he made peace
(yila!ta) hetween the two people'; also 'he D o r m e n Conc. N. fr. 1 6:r; 'swelling' or the
passed (cdwasa) between' them, or two things; like. In T T VI there are v.1. i i n m e n (if
and for 'making peace' (fi'l-$ul!t) ar1:la:dl: genuine, a similar Dev. N. fr. lin-) and a m e n
is nlso i~scd,hut this is a vulgar expression (with the -r- elidcd). T h e latter hccamc a
(lafzntu'l-'dtim) arid the first is more correct 1.-w. in Mong. meaning 'cancer, scirrhous
(a,ca!th) KO$. I 308 (ara:la:r, ara:la:ma:k): tumour' (Kow. 536, Hnltod I I I). hT.o.a.b.
F a g . xv ff. a r a l a - (I) tafah~rcskardait 'to in- Uyg. V I I I ff. Bud. (that mortal in this world)
vcstigatc, cxaminc'; (2) dnr miyzn-i'dri airrr a n ~ kg o r k s u z u a u z i i r m e n k a r t yirio Iglig
darcintndan wn ttriydn(.igari hnrdan to pass b o l u r 'becomes a sufferer from evil ugly
between two things; to act as mediator' San. itches, swellings, ulcers, and pus' T T VI 443:
34v 2 (quotns.): O s m . xv aralaylp geq- 'to Civ. (eighteen kinds of) o r m e n k a r t H II 20,
pass over' (a word in making a translation) 10; 22, 16.
T T S I 33; a r a l a - 'to separate' (two people)
I1132; 'to appear between' (two things) I V 33. T r i s . ARM
D oriimqek Conc. N. fr, o r i i m ; 'spider'.
Survives, more or less in this form, in NE, SE.
D orii:le:- Den. V. fr. oru:; in Kng.'s meaning and SW. In the medieval period an alternative
Hap. leg.; 6rule-lorele- 'to rise' in several word Brmekqt:, N.Ag. fr. o r m e k , appeared,
modern languages may he Sec. f.s of I)rle:-. and survives more or less in this form in NC,
Xak. XI 01 ko:nug 6rU:le:di: rJabaha'l-ganam NW. This word was metathesized to b r g e m g i
qilima(n) 'he slaughtered the sheep while it which is first noted in CaB xv ff. Vel. 102; San.
was standing' KO$. I 309 (iiru:le:r, orii:le:- 71 r. 21, and still survives in SC. See also 1 b6:g.
me:k). Xak. XI Briimqek al-'ankabrit 'spider' Kaj. I
I 52: X I V Muh. of-'ankabrit ikriimqikMef.74.4;
D orletig- Hap. leg.?; Recip. f. of orlet-; 'to o r i i m g l i k Rif. 177: X w a r . xrv briimqiik
disturb one another'. Uyg. V I I I ff. Bud. ditto Qutb 124: Kom. xrv 'spider' 8rtimqik
liiipn-rr. 2095 (urundl:). CCG; Gr.: KIP. xv 'ankabtit (boy and)
1) ur1:lan- Hap. leg.; Ref. Den. V. fr. 1 url:. o r i i m c u k Tuh. 25a. 13 (in margin. 'also
T i i r k u vlrr ff. iiqii:nq kungu:yr: ur1:lanmi:g oriimqek'). O s m . xlv, xv Briimgek in two
'his third wife had given birth to a male Qild' texts T T S I1 757; I11 568: xvrlr i i r m I i ~ e k
I r k B 5. (spelt) in Rrimi, 'ankabtit San. 71 v. 2; oriimgek
in R ~ i m i'ankabrit, also pronounced annu-
S orl:lag- See orlag-. qek do. 71 v. 19.
 ARN
XI Prln of-$n/a 'lip' Kriy. 1 7 7 ; 6:rni: ~ofnft~hu 19; a t a o r n l at1 o g u l k a k a l ~ r'the father's
do. 70, 24: x r ~ rTef. e r i n ' l ~ p 'XI: Gag. xv ff. place and name remains for the son' 110:
Cm(-ig) mtltlaq alt dttdah 'specifically the XIIT(?) KBPP pLd1gSh o m q a t u t m ~ g
lower lip' Vrl. 52 (quotns.); e r n lahh 'lip' t u r u r 'he took him for the position of mon-
Son. loor. 21 (quotns.): X w a r . xrv e r i n 'Ilp' arch' 32; a.o. 33, but in 34 y b r l n d e ; At. 212
Qutb 51 (erin), 60(6rln); M N r z r , etc.: K o m . ( u m u n g ) ; Tpf, o r u n 'place, seat', etc. 238:
xrv 'nostrrl, gums' (sic) e r i n C C I ; G r . : Krp. s r v Mtrh. a / - m o p n 'place' o:rn:n Rif. 179
xrrr a/-~ofa e r e n (sic?) Iirm. 20, 4 : s r v e r i n (Mel. 76, I yC:r): Gag. xv ff. o r u n l o r n these
al-fafa fd. 12: xv p f a (tlodak and) Crin Tuh. two uords mean trrnqiirn z e c~iyfiih 'place'
zob. 6. (Hend.) (quotns.); o r n - ( - ~ g a 'with o-')
anuy jrrirrr hndnl ntn'nrir~tra' in his place' in the
D i r i g Cone. N. fr. i r k - ; 'pus'. S.i.a.m.1.g. (in sense of suhstitution (quotns.) Vcl. 99; o m
SE Tiirki jirig). T i i r k t i ~ I I ff. I Man. k a n
(spelt) (a wa mnkdn (quotns.); alsn used in
t r i g 'blond and pus' M 1 5 , ro, and 1 4 ; 6, 4 : the senre of substitution ('trcnd) as one says
Bud. y i r i g aq11Rlar (demnnsy'who cat pus' in Persian 'so-andko was given in place of
U I I h r , 11; 0.0. 7'7' V I 443 ( i i r m e n ) ; ,Y 549: (ha-rd-gi) so-and-so' Snn. 71 v. 5 ; o r u n cd rcrt
Civ. H 11 26, 85 (ak-): Xak. X I i r l g nl-gill inokdn (quotn.), when fnllowed by a vowel
wa'l-pndid 'pus' (Hend.) Kaj. I 135 ; a.0. III suffix o r n as stated above do. 71 v, 19: X w a r .
59, 18 (1 yiiz-): x ~ ~ r ( Trf. ? ) i r i g 'pus' 126:
i r v fiftrh.( ?) 01-qi/i i:ri:g RY. 139 (only): xrv (your father's) o r n l 'place' Nahc. 14, 5:
K o m . xrv 'place' o r u n C C G ; Gr.: KIP. xlv
X w a r . xrv ditto Nahc. 331, 12: KIP. xrrr
o r u n mnhdn rcn fayrrrhtr Id. I I : O s m . xrv to
(al-yafa) h e n ( ? ) Pcn huraa'l-qill Elo~r. zo, 4:
xvr o r u n 'place' in several texts TTS 11736;
x ~ ivr i n a/-qi!~ rca'l-rnidda ('pus') fd. 12: xv al-
-qil~i r i n Kav. 61, 12; Tul1!29a. I : O s m . xvr~r
III 549; 612.
i r i g (spelt) in Rtimi, pirk wa rim 'mucus, pus'; F o r e n 'bad, ruined'; as Kaj. says a cor-
in Ar. midda and qi!~ Snn. roov. 4. ruption of Persian rcayrcin. which occurs as a
o r u n ( o r o n ) originally 'place', and more I.-;. in several modern languages in its original
specifically 'high place, throne'; the first is or a corrupt form, e.g. NC Klr., Kzx. o y r a n l
quite clear in phr. likr ye:r o r u n 'a place' o y r o n . T h e latest trace of o r e n is in Osrn.
(Hcnd.) and the second in phr. like l i n x w a Somi zoo, where it is described as 'obsolete'.
o r u n 'lotus thror~e'; also used abstractly in O g u z xr o r e n 01-rodi' inin httll p y ' 'bad' of
phr. like o r n r n t a : 'in place of (somethinp else)'. anything; I consider this to be taken from
An early I.-w. in Mong. as oron 'throne' the Per. u o r d zcayrcin 'ruined' (al-xarcih); the
(~lncrri.~clz 126). later 'placc, country, province', Oauz when they mixed with the Persians
and other meanings (Kow. 447, Iialtod 82). (ixralatat Iri'l-ftcrs) forgot many Turkish words
S.i.a.m.l.g., hut not current in Osm. after and used Pe. 1%-ordsinstead; this is one of
nl,out xvr until revived recently. T t i r k i i them K a f . I 76: O s m . xrv to xvrr o r e n
~ I I IF.I hIan. o r n r n t a k a m ~ a t ( t ) l m ~ z
erser 'ruined, desolate' in several texts T T S 1568;
'if we have overthrown (the four kinds of 11755.
gods) from their thrones' Chuns. 187-8; m e n F(E) i i r e n the Rlongnlian word iiren 'seed,
k e l t i m o r n u m a o l u r d u m 'I have come and fruit, progeny' (Kozu. 577, Zlaltod 126) oc-
seated myself on mv throne' T T I1 8, 74: curs as a 1:w. in several N E languages and
IJyg. vrrl ff. &$an. ' t ~ n g u l u k o r u n t a 'in a NC K I ~ I. t has also been read in T i i r k i j vrli ff.
place ef rrst' T T 111 110; o.n. do. 12 ( 6 n p Man. i i r e n y a g a r u r y a d r l u r 'the secd turns
giiliig); 139 (ada11g)-ol o r u n k a o l u r u green and spreads' A l III 20, 10-1 I (i), hut it
y a r l ~ k a d l'he deigned to sit on that throne' is said that the text is Lery difficult to read,
;M I11 34, 5 (ii): Rud. Sanskrit &no 'seat' and there is no reasonable doubt that this nard
tiilet o r o n (sic) iize: T T V l l I D.12; l i n x w a is a misreading of evin.
o r u n 'lotus throne' T T V 12, 126, etc.; 0.0.
Sltv. 182, 6-7 (iirii:); U I11 43, 29 (bez-, here iiriig '\\.hitc' in a ~ e n e r a lsense, cf. 1 a:k.
'bed')- (Kinq Mahsrati) tiirttin s l g a r y e r Very common down to xr but almost ohsolete
o r u n u e I y m q b a S m 1 ~'suhdrred (13end.) thereafter. Sun-ives in Yakut iiriig '~5-hite'
countries in all arts of the u,orlcl' Sttv. 607, !Pek. 317R), and perhaps NC Klr. tiriig h a r a ~
14-1 5 : 0.n. of y t r o r u n Hiicn-IS. 94, 149, I 77: dawn' and SW xx Anat. Uriin 'milk, yogurt'
Civ. 19 oron1a:rrndn: 'on sick-beds' T T V I I I S D D 1436 Sporadic U y g spellings yiiriig
1,.25 A ; ,(if) o r u n l n y e g l n k r l m a y l n 'I d o are unlikely to represent an earlier form.
not p r o v ~ d chim with lodginp and food' U S p . T i i r k i i vrrr iiriig kiimiigi:n 'his white silver'
98, 20-I-'place' H I1 6, 14; 8, 21 (iitgtirgii:) 11 N I r ; a.o. 1' 48 (a1tu:n): vrrr ff. iirii:g
- h o r l u k u g n l g o r n l n d a b o r l u k tilese 'if esri: 'white dappled' I r k B 4 ('falcon'); 41
(you) want (another) vineyard in place of your ('cow' and 'bull calf'); o.o. do. 5, 20; yiiriig
vineyard' USp. 24, 7-8; similar phr. do. 84, 3: t a g 'white stone' Toy. 5 ( E T Y 1157), a.o.0.:
X a k . xr o r u n marodi' or rnohdn 'place' Kai. U y g . v ~ r rff. Man.-A yiiriig t o n l u g d r n d a r k a
1172, 4 ( k o p u r - ) ; I77,25 ( t u r g u r - ) ; I11 430, 'to a white-robed Elect' A2 111 30. I ~ I I ;
y ( k o p u r t - ) ; k a r a : o r u n al-qobr 'the grave', iiriig M I z 2 , 4 (ii): Bud. yiiriig y i p i n y a r u k
meaninp 'the dark place' (al-mazcdi'ri'l- y a ~ u k'white and violet light (Hend.)' T T V
-mtrzlint) III 221, 23 : K B o r u n 'place' is com- 4, 12; 0.0. PP 42, 2 (egir-); T T 1' 6, 47;
mon, e,g. o r u n 01 t o r u t t i o r u n y o k aDar U I V 30, 51-2, etc.: Civ. iiriio y e r l i g (a
'(God) ~ r e a t v dplacefi, brlt has no place himself' mattress) 'with a white ground' (and coloured
 234 DIS. A R N
ornamentation) USp. 79, 6 ; yuriig b u l ~ t'a unhappy' PP 18, 6 ; 0.0. U I1 4, 6 ( ~ n a g n l z ) ;
white cloud' T T I 4; o.o. T T VII 13, 29; HI 29, 14; U I11 10, 4 (kolungugr:); 16, 21
91, etc.: 0. K1r. I X ff. iiriigiimig k a m : m @ ( i n a g s ~ z ) ;36, 20; T T I V 10, 13 (2 y a r l ~ g ) ;
a:zdrm 'I strayed from(?) my white and black 12, 44 (01); Suv. 448, 2: Xak. X I Kag. 1 132;
(I~vestock?)'Mal. I I , 3 ; (my kinsmen, my chil- 111449 ( ? ; erej).
dren) iirii0ii:m kara:m d ~ 45, . 7: Xak. XI
iiriin a[-ahyad 'white' of anything, in O&z Jl u r u n $ 'bribe'; the only nioderrt survival is
(1) nk: iiriig a/-krrdho 'the white crescent in SW xx Anat. o r b $ SDI) I I I 8, notcd in one
a fiiiaer-nail', that is 01-flfi (ditto) in the nails village only; if it can be assumed that this is a
of ynung people; one says tlr0a:k uriigl: n~icprr~nuncintion, the nhcious cxplnnotinn r~f
hayd&il-~tcfr: uriig lrrclrcdnrc'l-hcihilr 'a for- this word is to take it as a 1)ev. N. fr. u r u n - in
tune-teller's fee'; one says ellg iirugi: b6:r the scnse of 'snmcthing put down'. Cf.
'gi\.e the fee' Knf. I 134; three 0.0.: K B iiriig u r u n c a k . Xak. X I u r u n g ol-rijrua 'a bribe'
'whitr' i.9 common, e.g. (puttinp off my widow's Kg$. I 132; I11 449 (duplicntc entries); 0.0.
weeds) iiriig keyltim as 'I Ila\.c p ~ on ~ (at Ear- 1 3 5 4 , 9 (1 ag-); 111217, I : KII u r u n q nlsa
nicnt of) white ermine' 84; c ~ o .881, 1103 h5clb bolur beg kiiliinc 'if the minister
(1 sac), 1319, 3840 (ertini), 5640, 6622: tnkeq bribes, the ruler beconies a laughinp
SIII(?) At. (the prophets have) iiriig yiiz stock' 2442; u r u n q a l m a s a (so read) 'he
'white (i.e. shining) faces' 25; Tef. Urug should not take bribes' 2506; 0.0. 2443, 4144:
'white' (hair, light) 250 (6riip): Gag. xv ff. xrv IMuh.(?) a[-rijrca u:runq Rif. 188 (only;
ewriig (so spelt) rtiian wa nfirdni ma hawd-yi also ragd wa barlala 'to bribe' (Hend.) u n n q -
$[if 'shining, bright, clear weather' San. 53v. I : la:- 109); 01-riirua 'to bribe' ur1:nglamak
Klp. ~ I I Ial-laban mtr!laqd 'milk' in general Mel. 39, 3 ; Ri/. 126. 1
ii:riin Ifori. 16, I I.
D orna:g Conc. N. fr. orna:-; 'place, seat'.
D 1 ering like erki: and erken, q.v., a very A rare word which survives only in NC Klr.
archaic der. f. of I e r - ; its particular function orno: dcscrilied by I'ird. as the N.Ac. of
(see v . G. ATG,.para. 359) secms to be to orna:- and possihly NII Tel. u r n a 'insert,
niakc statements In which it is included Icss insertion' R I 1667. Uyg. V I I I ff. nud. a r ~ g
than categorical, and it is u s ~ ~ a l lbest
y trans- s i m e k o r u n d a sogiit altlnda [tunelrlg
lated 'presumably, supposedly', and the like. o r n a g t u t u n m q eriir 'he took for himself
N.0.a.b. T i i r k u ~ I I (thcir
I sa@arrs were wise a <lark(?) sent under a trcc in n plnce in thc
and tough) buyrukt: yeme: bllge: e r m i q jungle' USp. 105, 10-12: Civ. 1g a2r1Q
erinq nlp e r m i erinq ~ 'thrir oflicers, too, wcre ornnfi t u t k a l ~ r'disenscs (Ilrnd.) promptly
prcsrrmahly wise and tough' . . . ann: iiqii:n occupy the placc' T T I 167-8; x ~ Chin.-UJ~.
v
Qlig nnqa: t u t m l g e r i n ~'and for this reason Dict. chrtang 'bed' (Giler 2,778) Lornug (sic)
apparently they thus held the realm' I E 3, I1 R I 1064; o r n u k I.igr!i 188 (the latter could
E 4; a whole strinc of similar phr. follow-s hc a Dev. N./A. in - u k (Pass.) from orna:-).
I E 5, I1 E 5 , 6; I E I T ,II E 1 0 ; 0.0. I E 24, erge:k 'finger'. Survivcs only as e r g e k in
I1 E 20 (01); I E 26; I1 17 35; 1.x. 23 (iiiilg): most NE languages including Khak. and Tuv.,
UyR. V I I I ff. Bud. (I have done evil) bilip
k l l m a d ~ mering 'but not, I think, done it elsewhere displaccd by b a r m n k ( p a r m a k )
kno\vingly' U 11 87, 59; k a g i m x a n b o d u n which is noted in this mrnning in all medieval
tiHge k o r k u p Inga y a r l ~ k a d rering 'my languages:-Mtrh., Gag., Xwar., I<om., IClp.,
fathcr the .ran apparently gave this order and Osrn. T i i r k u V I I I ff. Man. o n y ~ l a n
baglrg ergekin 'with ten snake-headed
because he feared what the people might say'
PP 11, 1-3; o.o. do. 10, I ; 45, 5 : X a k . x r fingers' Chrcas. 54: Uyk. V I I I ff. Man. ergekl
erinq a Pnrticle (/zarJ) meaning In'nNa 'per- 'her fingers' M I1 I I , 22: Bud. a t s r z e r ~ e k
haps', hence one says 01 keldi: eriny 'he has e r g e kfinpcr',
'ring kiqig e r g e k 'little finper', g r t u n
'middle finger', y a n n r ergek 'index
perhaps come' Knj. 1 132; similar entry, but finger', u l u g ergek 'thumb' TT V 8, 54-7;
b n r d ~ :'he has (perhaps) gone' III 449; o.o.
I 4 6 , z o ( k a n ~ k )UI
; 65. 12 (uEra:g); 245, 18; U 12, 119-20; s u k egreki (sic) 'index finger'
309, I I : KB S l u m b u z m a a ~ n q ab u z u l m a z I1 46, 71-52 (eg-); 9.0. TM I V 253, 65-6:
ering 't~ntildeath destroys him, he will pre- Civ. u l u g ergek T T VII 37, 12 (USp. 42,
I I ) : Xak. xr e r n e k a[-ishi' 'finger', dialect
sun~ablynot be destroyed' 882; 0.0. 2062-4, form of erge:k Kay. I 104; erge:k (sic, in
3739. chap. containing dissyllables) ol-ifhi' I 121
SF 2 Qrinq/&rinj See erej. (pro\,.); 0.0. I 248, 5 (ogrul-); III 130 (1
su:k); I11 443 (sorp1e:-): xlv Rh&. ernekler
D k i n $ (?Brlnc): N.!A.S. fr. i r i n - ; 'wretched, uclnda 'at the tips of the fingers' R 1 7 8 7 ;
miserable, unhappy'. N.o.a.b.; see irlnyii:. Mrrh(?) ra'srr'l-isbi' 'finger-tip' erge:k (spelt
TUrkU V I I I ff. Man. iring b o l d ~ l a r'they in error with qdf) Rif. 141 (only): Fag. xv ff.
became miserable' M 1116, 3 ( I ) ; 7, 6-7 (ii): e r n e k angrrjt k i ha-'arabi 'ibdrat a 2 bandn
Uyg. V I I I ff. Man.-A irinq kigi oglu 'miscr- h d ~ a d'finger', which is one meaning of hanan
able mortals' A t I 9, 7: Man. (gap) irinq in Ar. San. 3 7 ~ 5. (in 12rr. 25, angugt is also
klllp oliirtim 'I have made. . . miserable and used to translate barmak).
killcd them' T T II 15, 2-3; 0.0. T T 11125,
48: Bud. (you will encounter dreadful dangen, VU?D iirge:k Hap. leg.: proh. DeG. N. fr.
and die, and) bizni irinq k ~ l g a y s ~'make z us *iirge:- Den. V. fr. iiriig. Xak. XI iirge:k I
(sic, in chap. containing dissyllahles) a/-rn?: of u r - 'to put', and 'to strike'. S.i.a.m.l.g.
plaster, gypsum' KOJ. I 121. Xak. XI ol ii:zin urundl: 'he beat (dnmbo)
himself in penitence for \*hat he had
?D erge:n 'bachelor'; possibly contraction r l l done'; also used for 'to pretend to bent'; and
eringe:n 'one who is hahitually lazy' fr. erin-. one says e r s i ~ v l u kurundr: ta'anrmnma'l-
Survives only(?) in SWOsm. e r g e n ; there are -rncul 'the man put on a turban' and ura:gut
several words for 'bachelor' in other modern biiriinqiik urundl: ixfomorati'l-mar'a 'the
languages, the commonest being hoydak. woman put on a veil' IGJ. I 201 (UTUIIUT,
Xak. X I erge:n (sic. in chap. contaming dis- urunma:k): K B ki$ilik uqun a t urundt
syllables) e r al-mcttlri'l-'ozob 'a hacl>clor'Koy. kigi 'a man has acquired a reputation for
I 117 (prov.): XIV Muh.(?) 01-'ozoh (opposite humanity' 1600; xazina u r u n s a 'if he builds
to nl-muta'ohltil ewli:$) ergen Rif I 53 (only): up a treasure' 1926; o.n. 135 (sevit), 2184,
Kip. X I I I at-'azab mina'l-ricdl erge:n Iiorr. 25. 2399, 3751, 5893-urundt 'he heat himself'
4: xv 'dzih e r g e n Ttrh. 241,. I O s m . nrv If. (in mourning) 6292: Gag. xv ff. u r u n - (%pelt)
e r g e n 'unmarried'; c.i.a.p. 7 8 s II 390; 111 xec'ud-rci ha-in u En zndan 'to bump against one
259; I V 303;.xvrrr e r g e n in Rdmi 'an un- thing or another' Son. 670. z3 (quotn.): KIP.
married man or woman' Son. 37'. 26; Brgen xrv zalamn 'to oppress, injure' u r u n d l (but
in Rtinri, 'nznb, gnyr muta'ahhil do. loor. 5 . other conjugational fr>rrnsarc translated z u l m
et-) Bul. hor.: xv u r u n - indaraha 'to beat
Dis. V. ARN- oneself' is used as a model conjugation Tub.
D a r m - ReR. f. of art:-; 'to cleanse oneself'. 58b. ff.: Osm. xrv ff. u r u n - 'to put on (some-
S.i.m.m.l.g., with some metaph. meaninps. thing, esp. a cro\irn)' is fairly common T T S I
Uyg. vrrr ff. Bud. (if those mortals) 01 a n t a g 726; 11930; 111713; IV786.
a g l r a y ~ gk l l m $ l n r ~ n d l na r l n m a k tileser
'wish to cleanse themselves from those so II o r u n - Hap:.leg.?; Rcfl. f. of l 6:r-. Xak.
grievous evil deeds' Stm. 141, 2-4: Xak. xr xr e r siki: iirundi: na'aza'l-mrrtl 'the man's
e r a r l n d ~ istotZha'1-roc111
: run'~taso1n'the nian penis was erect' Kag. I aor (iiruniir, 6riin-
wiped his backside and washcd himself'; and me:k, sic in MS.).
one says e r arlndt: narurunra'l-rarul ula isfa-
'dnn oy hnlaqa 'rinatolltt 'the man applied D orna:- Den. V. fr. o r u n ; 'to take one's
depilatory and shaved his puhcs' Kog. I 201 place, establish oneself (somewhere Da!. or
(artnu:r, ar1nma:k); a r l k 'clean' is derivcd fr. Loc.)', with some extended meanrngs.
a r l n d ~ ne:g
: 'the thing was clcan'(nn~rrfo)I r 2 , S.i.a.m.l.fi.; in SW only 'Ikm. Xak. X I m e n
23: XIII(?)Tef. a r m - 'to cleanse oneself' 58: bu: y8:rde: orna:dlm 'I settled down
Kom.xrvarln-(1)'tobe clean' CCG (quotn.); (tonca!fantu) in this place'; and one says
(2) 'to clear oneself of an accusation' C C I ; Gr. orna:dt: ne:g 'the thing was put (tomakkana)
42: KIP. xrv a r m - tnfahharn 'to cleanse one- in a place and rested there' (isfnqarro); and
self' fd. lo: O s m . xlv ff. a r m - 'to cleanse ku:n orna:dr: 'the sun set'(2cihat) Kay. I 2 8 8
oneself; to clear oneself of something'; c.i.a.p. (orna:r, orna:ma:k): K B a j u n tlndl o r n a p
TTS 1 3 7 ; I1 52; I I I 3 5 ; I V 3 7 . b u x a k a n uze: 'the world was at rest when this
ruler ascended the throne over it' 93: XIIT(?)
?I) erin- (?Qrin-) 'to be lazy, indolent'; Tef. o r n a - 'to ascend the throne; to establish
~norphologically a Refl. f, but ~vithan in- oneself' 237: Gag. xvff. o r n a - (spelt) cci
explicable semantic connection with ermegii:. giriftan wn cd kordon 'to take a place, to find
S.i.a.m.l.g. as erin-/&in-/irin which sup.pcsts a lace' San. 70r. 23 (quotns.): Xwar. Xlv
an original Qrin-. See also erinqig. Tiirku o r n a - 'to be situated, to dwell' Qrtfb 118:
V I I I ff. Man. Chuas. 255, 266 (ermegur-): K o m . xrv 'to dwell' o r n a - C C G ; GI.: O s m .
Xak. xr e r 1:gka: erincli: takcisoln'l-racttl xv o r n a - 'to establish oneself, settle' in two
li'l-nnrr nr~.~faml~iya(n) Iahu 'the man was lazy texts T T S I1 735; 111548.
(or dilatory) about the affair because he was
uneasy ahout it' Kag. I 201 (eriniir, erfn- D o r n a t - Caus. f. of orna:-; 'to put (somc-
me:k): I<B e r i n m e z kllur barqa yalguk thing Acc.) in (its place Dot.)', with some ex-
191 'he does all the work of a men without tended meanings. S.i.s.m.l. Xak. X I m e n
idling' 2462: KIP. xv taknssolaa4rin- Tuh. 9a. ne:g o r n a t t l m wado'frr'l- ~ o ymawdi'nhrr 'I
1 2 : O s m . xrv to xvr erln- to hc lazy' in put the thing in its place' KO?. I 2 6 6 (orna-
scveral texts I'TS I 2 7 1 ; II 391 ; III 259. t u r m e n , 0rnatma:k): xrrr(?) KBPP w a z i r
11 irin- (?&in-) Refl. f. of 1 i:r- (?ex-); 'to ornlga o r n a t m t g t u r u r 'he has put him in
the position of vezir' 33 (v.1. in Vienna MS.,
he miserable, unhappy'. In view of the der. other MSS. k o d m ~ g ) ; Tef. o r n a t - 'to put'
f.s irinq, i r i n t u r - there is no doubt about the
existence of this word, but occurrences are yere 238: Gag. xv ff. omat-(-ti) bir nesneyi bir
tlr-, berki~diir-ce sonp- re mtxla- 'to put
scarce, arid there is some possibility of con-
fusion with ybrin-, q.v. Uyg. vrrt ff. Man. something somewhere, to fasten, transfix and
irinlir M I1 I 2,3 (i) (kut) : Bud. kBgli yirindi nail it' Vel. 103; o r n a t - Caus. f., cd d6don
(sic) 'his mind was distressed' PP 68, 5 (belongs 'to place'; also metaph muhkam kordon 'to
fasten' San. 70v. 9 (quotns.): Xwar. x ~ v
here ?). o r n a t - 'to put, place' Qutb 118, Nohc. 427,
D u r u n r ReR. f. of u r - ; with a wide range of 12: KIP. xv tamokkona ditto ornat- Tuh. 9a.
'meanings derived from the two basic meanings g : O s m . x ~ and v xv o r n a t - (I) 'to lay down
 687; a.0. 3938 (consistently spelt 6rinqig in word s.i.s.m.l. with minor phonetic variations
KB): K o m . xrv 'idle, idleness' erinvek Uyg. vlrr ff. Bud. T T VIII 0.17 (1 61).
C C G ; Gr.: I'km. xv kasl6n 'lazy' (Klp.
yalkaw) Qrinqek Ttrh. 30h. 6: O s m . xvr D orunluk A.N. (Conc. N.) fr. o r u n ;
erincek 'lazy', once T T S 11 391. 'throne, scat', and the like. S.i.s.m.l. with
minor phonetic variations. See Doerfer I 1 591.
I> u r u g u t a word .used in Bud. texts to Uyg. V I I I ff. Bud. yiiksek 6diz orunluktln
represent Sanskrit words like senZpati 'army 'from (his) lofty (Hend.) throne' PP 61. 5; a.0.
commander, general', and the like. Radlov in do. 46, 2 (olgurt-): (Gag. xv ff, o r u n d u k zin
a note on Ti$. zob. 4 indirectly, but plausibly, piiy 'saddle cloth', in Ar. &qiya also pro-
suggests that it is a crasis of *urungut Dev. nounced a r a n d u k Sun. 71 v. 23; a r a n d u k
N. Ir. urun-. Uyg. v ~ r rff. J h d . Tij. nob. 4; samc translation do. 37v. 5 wems rather to be
26b. 5 ; 33a 3; 36a. 8, and 37a. 6 list the names a Conc. N. fr. a r a n meaning 'something used
of t o r t (or tortegli) u l u g yekler u r u - in the stable').
g u t l a r ~ ~ f ogreat
u r generals o$-tlcmons(yakpas)'
and do. 3 5 h I those of four generals of gods D urugulug P.N./A. fr. urugu:; n.0.a.b.
(tegrl); (PU.) Kanqanaqavl u r u g u t Sun. Uyg. vrlr ff. Bud. (in a list of stars which are
425, 7; 0.0. do. 10; U I V 18, 220. also demons) s a n g urulgulug 'having a
yellow flag' T T V I 93.
I> urundl: Dev. N. fr. u r u n - ; 'conflict'.
Survives in NC 1<1r. urundu: and perhaps Tris. V. ARN-
u r u n t . Uyg. vrlr ff. Bud. orletiqmek oqliig
u r u n d t 'mutual disturbance and spiteful D irinqke:- (?drinqke:-) Den. V. fr. irinq;
conflict' Hiien-ts. 2095. 'to realize the misery of (someone Ace.), to
have compassion on (him)'. N.0.a.b. Uyg.
C e r e n tu:z a star name, to be explained as a vrlr ff. Man.-A irlnqkemek ( ? s o read; text
compound of e r e n 'men' and tiiz 'alike'; irinrlemek hut the MS. is difficult to read)
almost certainly 'Gemini, the Twins', which y a r l ~ k a m a k'to have compassion and mercy'
fits the occurrences in K B ; Kar.'s translations M III 31, 9 (iii): Man. soyurkayu irinqkeyii
are certainly wrong, see Clauson, op. cit., s.v. y a r l l k a t ~ g ~'you
z have deigned to pardon and
iilker. N.0.a.h. Xak. xr e r e n tu:z (in a have compassion on (us sinncrs)' TT III I 13:
Chap. containing dissyllahles, so to he taken Bud. m Q n i iringkeyii U I1 88, 71 ; 0.0. T T
as two words) ismlc'l-ntizdn fi'l-nrrcrim wa hiya I V 12, 35;'Suv. 587, 21 : xrv Chin.-Uyg. Dict.
min ntanr~zili'l-qamar 'the word for the con- lien ntin having compassion' (Giles 7,156
stellation Libra, the Scales'; it is one of the 7,930) irlnqkep; ts'8yin 'compassionate' (C;iles
mansions of thc moon ICnj. I 76; a.0. 111 40 I I ,697 13,276) irinqkenqliqi (sic?) U 1 57
(yulduz): K B in the list of signs of the (only).
Zodiac in 138 ff, erendiz, glossed cazoza
'Gcmini' in the Vienna MS., comes in the D irintiir- (?6rintiir-) Caus. f. of irin-; 'to
third place, i.c. for 'Gemini'; 0.0. spelt make (someone) unhappy'. N.0.a.b. Uyg.
erentiz 5676, 6221: XIV Rbf. the word re- V I I I ff. Man. T T 1116, 40-5 (emget-): Bud.
appears, spclt erendend in the passage (fol. U U 7 8 , 34 (emget-); TT I V I i , 17(?); Suv.
66v. of the British Museum MS.) taken from 136, I I (E burqintur-).
KB, see Clauson, op. cit., p. 357.
D iiriiger- Intrans. Den. V. fr. iiriig; 'to be
D o r n a g l ~ a P.N./A. fr. orna:g; 'stable, white'. N.0.a.b. Uyg. V I I I ff. Bud. sag1 bag1
finnly established'. N.0.a.b. Uyg. vrlr ff. Bud. yiiriigerser 'if his hair and head are white'
Sanskrit dstltilom 'standing firm' orna:gllg Suv. 594, 8-9: Xak. xr urgerdi: ne:g
T T VIIl A.18; kiigiili biligl kllrkl ti abyadda'l-jay' 'the thing was white' Kay. I 2 8 9
o r n a g l ~ ge r m e s e r 'if his mind, knowledge, (iirgerlir, iirgerme:k; sic in a chapter con-
and character are nut continuously stable' taming dissyllabic verhs): XIII(?)Tef. iiriiger-
Slrv. 594, 3-4; n.o. do. 594, 13: Civ. 7'7' 1 'to become white' 250 (firiiger-).
129-30 (3 al); 189 (idig).
D ornagsrz Priv. N./A. fr. orna:g; n.0.a.h. Dis. A R S
TUrkii v r ~ ff.r Man. o r n a g s ~ ziklrqgii k i j ~ i i l ? S ersii: 'vile' and the like; perhaps Sec. f. of
'an unstable, indecisive mind' M III 21, 3 erseg. N.0.a.b. O g u z X I ersii: al-radl nlin
(iii). kull yay' 'vile, ignoble', of anything Kay. I 127:
D erlniigsiiz (?6riniigsiiz) Priv. N./A. fr. KIP. xrv ergi: (?read ersi:) ol-muhni! 'one
who incites perjury' Id. 12 (but cf. erseg).
*eriniig N.Ac. fr. e r i n - ; n.0.a.b. Uyg.
vlrr ff. Bud. tiinle kiintiiz eriniigsiiz 'active D e r s e g N./A.S. fr. erse:- Desid. Den. V.
by day and night' lfiicn-is. 1939. fr. 1 e r which s.i.s.m.l.: 'a woman who runs
D a r a n l i g P.N./A. fr. a r a n . Survives only(?) after men, n>-m~homaniic'.A 1.-w. in Mong.
in N E Bar. a r a n n r ; Tab, a r a n l l R 1 252. as PrCSfg ' (Hnltod 55). S.i.a.m.l.g. except
Xak. sranlng e v 'a llouse with a stable' SC(?), usually as ersek; in SW only in xx
(istabl) Kaj. I 148. Anat. erseklerziik SDD 547, 548. Xak. XI
e r s e g i:$le:r ol-nmr'ntrr'i-m~imirotrr'I-bd~~ya
D o r u n l i g P.N./A. fr. orun. There is only 'an amorous prostitute' Kay. I 104; bu: ura:-
one early occurrence, spelt ornlllg, but the g u t 01 erse:g 'this woman desires men'
 DIS. A R S
(tnrrtonmnrtiyo li'l-rird) I I 56, 3 : s ~ iIlrrh.(?)
v K o m . slv ' l i o ~ ~nrslntll;~stla~l
' (sic) C C I ;
ol-'iihir 'prost~tutc' e r s e g Rif. 149 (only): Gr.: Klp. S I I I nl-nrod as1a:n (ric) Ilou. I I , 12;
Korn. s ~ ve r s e k 'prostitute' C C I ; 'adul- (in the list of I'.N.s) ars1a:n rocrrl asad 'a lion
teress' C C G ; Gr.: Klp. xlv of-zliniya 'adul- man' do. 30, 4: xrv arsala:n (sic) of-sobu' id.
teress' e r s u g (sic?) Buf. 9, 7 : T k m . e r s e g 11 ; al-sob' arsla:n Bul. 10, 5: xv al-asad
also orospl: al-qa!~bo 'prostitute'; the latter arsala:n A-ao. 62, 5 ; a r s l a n Trrh. qb. 6 a.o.0.
a I.-w (manq&la) id. 11: xv KIP. xunld
'effeminate, homosexual' e r e s i g Twh. r 4 a 3; Dls. V. ARS-
mtrlrnnna! ditto (PU to:k and) Brseg do. 33b. ?E ersi:- the verl~yarsr:- q.v. is thus misread
3 (this, and not mtrh~ri!, may thc right reading in UyH. V I I I ff. Ci\.. 1.T VIII 1.8; it is prob.
in Id. 12 s.v. ersu:). that the same mistake has been made in the
following passage in n damaged MS., where
D e r s i g N.1A.S. fr. *ersi:- Simulative Den. *ersi:- the base of e r s i g would not give
V. fr. 1 e r ; 'manly, virile'. N.0.a.h. Xak. X I an appropriate meaning. TiirkU v r r ~ff. Man.
(under - s I : ~ 'a particle of comparison (!tayf
rafhih) attached to nouns to form Adjs., In (when the day of dcath comes, it weakens
all men and kills them mercilessly; it is not
order to compare the noun qualified by it to nfraid of kings; it does not [. . .l commoners)
the noun to which it is attached') . . . and one avlg2,a k u r t g a k a e r s l m e z 'it is not revolted
says b u ogul 01 e r s l g hddd sahi ytqbihtd'l- by (yarslmaz) old rnA1 or women' M 111I I ,
-ricril ma yatnxallnq bi-xlrluqihirrr 'this boy is
like men and hehaves like them' K a p 111128, 15 (9.
24: K B k u r e r s l g yitreklig 'brave, manly D ursa:- Hap. l e ~ . ;Ilesid. f. of ur-. Xak.
and courageous' 57; a y e r s l g toga 'oh manly X I 01 ant: ursa:da: 'he intended and wished to
hero!' 196, 1360, etc.; 0.0. 279, 2281, 2371, heat him (yndribollrr)' Kaf. I 276 (ursa:r,
2458 (unliig), 3832 (1 urr:), etc.: x111(?)At. ursa:rna:k).
e r s l g toga 34.
D a r s t k - Emphatic Pnss. f. of 2 a:r-; 'to be
D a r s a t (or arsrl(?)) Den. N./A. fr. a:r; deceived, tricked'. N.0.a.b. Xak. xr e r
auburn, bay'. Pec. to Kaf. Xak. X I a r s a t arslkti: &rrra'l-raclrl wn huwa rnagrtir 'the
(sic) s a c al-fa'rrr'l-ashab 'auburn hair' Kay. I man was deceived' Kaf. I 242 (arslka:r,
105; a.0. I 7 9 (a:r, spelt nrsll). ars1kma:k): KLI (if a man is satisfied, he
docs not covct anything) kigi n e g bile butsa
F Brsel (for vocalization cf. Qrsellik) almost a r s t k m a z 01 '(such) a man, eve if he finds
certainly a 1.-w. with prosthetic 6 - (cf. erej) something, is not deceived by iF 2722; 0.0.
fr. Ar. rasl 'easy-going, leisurely'. N.0.a.b. 2363, 2726, 3618: XIII(?) Tef. a r s i k - 'to be
Xak. X I K B b u Brsel yayig kilkl k u r t g a deceived (by something Ilat.)' 59: XIV Muh.
njun 'this easy-going old world with its fickle al-inogrtir nrslkmr* Aft-I. 52, r I ; Rq. 148;
character' 399; n y u r kllklm Qrsel r n a n m a 01-igtirdr 'to be deceived' a r s ~ k m a k 123
rnaga 'it says "my character is lethargic, do (only): Xlvar. xrv ditto Qtrtb 11.
not trust me" ' 666; 0.0. 548, 685, 1088, 3533,
etc.: srv filtrlr.(?) nl-trtnlril 'tired, languid' D u r s u k - E~nphaticP;~ss.f. of u r - ; 'to be
B:rsul (sic?) Rif. 148 (only). struck, benten', etc. N.o.a.1). Uyg. V I I I ff. Bud.
SIIV. 621, 8-9 and 623, 17 (1 ok): Xak. X I e r
arsla:n 'lion'; animal name w. ending -1a:n. u r s u k t ~ : ~uliba'l- roc111' fi'l-darb zua rdra
An early 1.-w. in hlong. as arslan/arsalan. trradrrib 'the man was defeated in a fight and
S.i.a.m.l.g., sometimes as a s l a n or a tri- was beaten' Kaq. I 242 (ursuka:r, u r s u k -
syllable artslan, etc.; frequently occurs as an ma:k): KB u r a y t n tBgiiyi 021 u r s u k a r 'the
element in P.N.s. See Doerfer I 1 453. Uyg. tnan who says "I will beat" is himself beaten'
vrrI ff. Man.-A a r s l a n oglu 'lion-cub' M 1 8 ; 679.
5; 0.0. do. 18, 3 ; Ad I11 11, 8 (opun-): Bud.
yalguklarnig nrslant 'oh lion anlong men!' D e r s i n - Rcfl. Simulative Den. V. fr. I e r ;
U 1 4 3 , 19; 0.0. SIIV. 646, 3 ; USp. 102a. 28: survives only(?) in NC KIT. and SW xx Anat.
Xak. XI arsla:n al-osod 'lion', and kings are S D D 547. Xak. XI o g u l ersindi: abdz'l-sohi
called by this name Ka?. I I I . + ~ z ( p r o v . )175,
; lnin trr;fsilri rucriliya 'the boy was aware of his
18 and 409, 9 (allmql:) and 14 0.0.: K B own virility for the first time' Knq. 1 253
a r s l a n 'the constellation Leo' 140; ti1 a r s h n (ersinur, ersinme:k).
t u r u r 'the tongue is (like) a lion' 164; 0.0.
784, 2047-8, 2354: XIII(?)At. (the monarch Tris. ARS
is kindlv) w a tikin bu$ardn $ a t 5 a r s l a n l I D a r s a l t k in this form Hap. leg., but sur-
'but when he is angry he is like a lion of $arZ' vives in S W Osm. as a s l l k 'wonlan with im-
(place-name, location uncertain) 52; Tef. perfect sexual organs, sterile'. Prima facie a
a r s l a n 'lion' 59: x ~ viMlrh. nf-sah' 'lion' Conc. N. in -Ilk but with no obvious ety-
arsla:n A M . 72. 4: Rif. 174; nl-nsnti (a sign mology. O g u z xr a r s a l t k (of the form af'alal)
of the zodiac) ditto 79, 4 ; 183: F a g . Kv ff. nl-.rrtn!d nlina'l-itoyarvdn 'a hermaphrodite
a r s a l a n (so spelt) fir 'lion', in Ar. nmd; also animal' Knp. I 159: O s m . xvr a s l l k 'a sterile
one of the s i p s of the zodiac; also abbreviated woman' TTS I1 59.
to aslan Son. 3 7 r 6; a s l a n fir yn'ni asad,
also a r s a t a n do. 40v. I I : X w a r . xlv a r s l a n l UI: Qrsellik A.N. fr. Brsel; 'laziness,
arlslan Qrrtb I I , 12; ars1a:n MN 64, etc. lethargy'. Pec. to KB. Xak. X I K B m u n i
 e r m e z maDa kiir b u frselliklm 'this fr, urugrnak ha-yak (tigar zadan 'to strike one
lethargy of mine is not my fault' 686; a.0. 715 another'; and mctaph. cang u cadd 'firyht,
(Yayl&lIk). quarrel' Sun. 71 v. 7 (quotn.): Xwar. xrr~(?)
u r u g tokug bavlandi 'the battle (Hend.)
T r i s . V. ARS- began' 0%.266: xrv u r u g ditto Qutb 2w:
' KIP. xv dorahtu dorb 'I struck a blow' u r u g
D erseglen- Hap. leg.; Refl. Den. V. fr.
erseg. Xak. XI 1gle:r erseglendi: 'the u r d u m Kaw. 23, 3: iQib 'hitting the target'
woman looked for (falabat) a man becauqe of u r u g Tuh. zzb. 5 ; 0.0. do. 4 9 b I I ; 5oa. I and
2: O s m . xlv ff. urug 'battle, fight' in several
her passionate desires' Kay. I 314 (erseg-
leniir, erseg1enme:k). texts TTS 1726; I1 931; 111713.

D arslan1a:- Den. V. fr. arsla:n; pec. to D 6rtig Dev. N./A. fr. 1 o:r-; 'rising'.
Kay. and found only in the Ger. in -u:, pmb. Perhaps survives in 6riig 'pasture' in NC KIT.,
only in association with k6kre:-. Xak. X I Kzx.; SW xx Anat. DD I 118 (compare some
arslanlayu: k a k r e d l m 'I rdared like a lion' meanings of 1 ox-). Uyg. V I I I ff. Bud. (good
Kq.1125, 13; similar phr. I 142, 13; I1 13, doctrine) Briig ttibliig eriir 'provide a basis
13; 138, I ; n.m.e. for rising (to better things)' T T V 24, 68; a.0.
do. 78 (and see iinag).
Dis. ARS ?E ergl: See ersii:.
VU?D arig 'the warp' of a woven fabric;
prima facie this word, arka:g, q.v., and a r g a c Dis. V. ARS-
are all Dev. N.s fr. a lost verb *ar-, but some D a:rlg- Hap. leg.; Recip. f. of 2 a:r-. Xak.
doubt is cast on this by the fact that it seems xr ola:r ikkf: a:rqdi: 'both of them deceived
often to contain front vowels. Survives in each other' Kay. I 182 (a:rigu:r, a:rigma:k).
NE Tel. d r u g R 1 1226; NC Klr. erig; S W
Osm. a r i g ; xx Anat. erig S D D 545. It should D 1 brig- Co-op. f. of 2 6r-; properly 'to
not be confused with arig 'the pole, or shafts reach, or arrive, together'. S.i.a.m.1.g. but
of a cart' first noted in S C xvlr Ozb. Abu'l- with such a wide range of meanings that it
-@zi (P. de C. 13) and surviving in several is doubtful whether all are survivals of this
NC, NW, and SW languages, which is a I.-w. word; they cannot, however, reasonably be
fr. Ar. orif, same meaning. Uye. VIII ff. connected with 2 erig- (eriig-). Uyg. V I I ~ff.
Bud. eriigi (?sic) T T VI 391 (arkuru:): 9. [gaplmakig krigmekfg s e r g i i r t i i ~ i i z
Xak. xr (VU) arig al-sadd 'the warp'; hence you have hindered (or prevented) . . ., and
one says a r l g arks:& al-sod* wa'l-lu!tma arrival' T T I11 77: (;a%. xv ff. brig- (spelt)
'warp ?nd weft' Kay. 1 6 1 : xrv Muh.(?) al- birciy(?) kardan wa a z qafd raffan wa mutdba'at
-!dqa warp' (opposite to aI-lu!ima a r k u e ) kardan 'to follow, follow behind' Son. 98v. 3
b:ri:$ Rif. 159 (only): Gag. xv fi. (VU) ari$ (quotns.): Kip. xv lahiqa 'to reach' (yetig- and)
tdr-i kargdh-i nassdci 'the warp on a loom' brig- Tuh. 32a. 9: Osm. xrv ff. erig-/&rig-
San. 3 7 ~ .13 br1$ ditto do. roor, 24: Osm. , 'to reach', also, with Ile, 'to consort with', in
xlv ff. a r t $ 'warp', often in association with several texts T T S I 39 (orij-), 272; I1 391.
a r g a c , c.i.a.p. T T S I 3 8 ; 1153; I1136; IV38. 501 ( i r t p ) .
?D eriig 'many, numerous'; often used S 2 erig- See eriig-.
in association with iikiig. N.0.a.b. Tiirkii
vrrr ff. Man. a r t u k eriig eriir 'they are very D eriig- Co-op. f. of erii:-; usually in the
numerous' T T II 8, 61: Uyg. VIII ff. Ma:.-A sense of 'to melt (Intrans.) completely'.
(gap) tolu erilg iikiig t6rliig (gap) very Survives only(?) in S E Tiirki irig- Show 33
many (Hend.) kinds' M 125, I I : Bud. 01 edgii and perhaps S W Osm. erlq- (of milk) 'to
lulxnc eriig m i i are those unod deeds furdle' R I 7 7 2 (only). Xak. X I ya:g erii$di:
numerous?' U I1 16, 14 (the answer is 'yes', the fat (etc.) melted' (tadaba) Koy. I 182
e r t l ~ i iiikug); 0.0. of eriig Kttan. 57, 68; (eriigii:r, eriigme:k; sic in MS.); ka:r bu:z
eriig Ukiig Suv. 109, 4: Xak. xr KB (VU) k a m u g erii$di: 'all the snow and ice have
nrtig rhyming with ukiig and apparently melted' (dzba) I I 86, I o.
meaning 'numerous' in 4247 (tebiz) seems to
be a survival of this word. D urug- Recip. f. of u r - 'to strike one another,
fight, quarrel'. S.i.a.m.1.g. with some ex-
D u r u g N.Ac. (connoting reciprocal action) tended meanings. Xak. xr anq) blrle:
fr. u r - ; 'fight, quarrel'. S.i.a.m.1.g. Tiirkii vrrr urugdt: tapdcard 'the two men quarrelled'
u r u g k1[11p] 'fightin~' Ongin 10: Xak. XI (sic); also used when two rulers make war on
u r u g al-mugdcura wa'l-harb ayda(n) 'a quarrel, one another (tahdrab*) Kaf. I 182 (uru$u:r,
also a fight' Kap. I 61 ; al-mucddala ma'l-harb urugma:k); four 0.0.: XIII(?)Tcf. utug- 'to
'battle, fight' u:rug tokug I 12, 17; a.0. fight (with someone birle)' 332: xrv Muh(7)
11 83, 23: K B kllkt u r u g 'his character is dzraba 'to strike one another' u:rug- Rif. 133
quarrelsome' 2098; (in 4247 read iiriig, see (only): Gag. xv ff. urug- Recip. f.; 'to strike
erlig): xrrr(?) Tef. u r ~ g'battle, war' 332: (zadan) one another'; and an expression for
xrv Rbt. u r u g kll- to fight' R I 1664 cong u n.dGl kardan 'to fight, quatreI1'San. 6%.
(quotns.): Gag. xv ff. u r u g cang 'fight, war' , 11 (quotns.): Xwar. XIV urug- to fi ht'
Vel. 102 (quotn.); u r u g (spelt) deverbal noun Qutb zoo: Kom. xrv 'to quarrel' urug- C ~ G ;
 Gr.: KIP. xv tad5mba uru$- Knv. 70, ?; bnynn'l-mpr oca'l-jnrr 'discriniitiation between
qdfnlcz 7ca dfiraha u r u q - do. 77, I I ; sfibn 'to h ~ t good and evil'; hence one says 01 US bold^:
(a target)' u r u g - T~ilt.22h. 1 3 ; plfirabo u r u q - 'aqnlu'l-sajr rrrina'l-jarr 'he understood (the
do. 5ya. 13 ff.; O s m . nrvff. u r u v - 'to fight' ditrcrencc bctrrcen) good and evil' K n p I 36:
in several texts T T S I 7 2 6 ; 11 931; I11 714; X w a r . x r ~ r ( ?(rrhcn ) he saw her) us1 k a l m n d ~
I v 787. k i t t i 'he lost his senses' 0g. 63; n.o. 8 1 : xlv u s
'intelligence, sense' Qutb zoo: K o m . xrv
1) 1 oriig- Hap. leg.; Co-op. f. o f 1 o:r-; 'to 'understanding, intclligelice' u s C C I , CCG;
rise together'. Xak. X I Kop. I I 86, I 2 (egrlg-); Gr.: Krp. srrr nl-'aql 'intelligence, under-
n.rii.e. standing' US Ilori. 10, 0 : srv US (v.1. u : ~ ditto )
L) 2 Co-op, f , of 2 o:r-; help Id. 14; lltil. 5 , 16: sv ditto 7'1th. z l b . 5 ;
(someone Dar.) to plait (etc., s ~ ~ ~ eA t~ ~h , )i ' ~.8 ~~ i '"la~lli ~ 0 'not to understand, to be at a
survives in N E l<hak. atid SE .riirki loss' us1 a z - do. z7a. 1 1 : O s m . xlv tf. u s
T I (only). X a k . x1 01 m a g a : ylSlg ariigdl: 'illtelliRencc, sense'; c . i . a . ~T T S 1 7 z 7 ; 11931 ;
he helDed m e to Dlaitlfi tnrudjn) a ,one1: also !If 714; !.v .
787: svrll It@ ditto . . and in
used f0.r comnctine in meavini (rr/-ra&l) sbnie- 'trrrnf Us 7 s r 9.
thing Kay. i 183 '(lirii$ii:r, o;ii$me:k). VU 2 u s 'vulture'; n.0.a.h. Xak. XI US a!-nasr
Ll uriig- Co-op. f. of 1 u r - ; 'to help (sorne- 'vulture' Knp. I 36 (verse); 0.0. I 228, 14;
one Dot.) to l>low, or hlow u p (something I11 46, 7 (es): srv i M ~ ~ h . ( i(under ) 'birds')
Arc.)'. Survives only(?) in NE 'l'el. R I 1835. dltilrr'l-trroytn 'carrion rater' u s ([~nvocalized,
: helped m e sptlt US) I<$.175 (only).
Xak. Y I 01 m a g a : o:t i i r i i ~ d i 'he
to hlo\v up ('015 naJx) the fire'; nlso used for
competing Kay. I 183 (iiriigii:r, iiriigme:k). M o n . V, AS-
a s - ( ? a % ) 'to hang, suspend (something Acc.,
on something, in Uyg. iize:, later Dot.); to
a:s properly 'ermine', occasionally used for execute by hanging'. S.i.a.m.l.g. with some
'wasel'. T h e colnbiriation of long vowel and extcnded meanings. IJyR. vrrl ff. Dud. k a q
linal unvoiced consonant is unusual, but keglig y 8 m i ~sogiit iize b i r e r qsgartgu
apparently original. Both Kaj.'s alternative as19 'hang bells o n several spreading fruit
form a:z and rriedieval and modcrn a r s are trees' PP 79, 4-6; a.o USp, 104, 13: Civ.
clearly Sec. f.'s, the latter perhaps influenced USp. 88, 45 (iiziim): k n k . xr o l e t a:sdl:
by Arabic 'irr. Survives in N E as/a:s most 'he hung ('aNaqa) tlie incat (etc.) on a stake'
dialects R I 535 and lihak., T u v . ; NC Krr. (al-wntod); also used for 'crucifying' (falaba)
a r s ; NW Iiaz. as; S W Osm. as; xx a man Ktrf. I 173 (a:sa:r, a:sma:k): XIII(?)
Anat. a s / a r s SLID 116, 118. See DoerJer I1 Tpf. a s - 'to hang1 (in both senses) 60: xrv
477. U y g xrv Chin.-Uyg. 1)icl. s i n slt~i(Gilts ~Zftrh.'allnqa a s - Rlel. zy, 6 ; 40, 15; It$ 113,
13,253 10,072, the latter misprinted as chii 130; a/-ta'liq a s m a k 34, 9 ; I 19; falaba a$-
3,034) 'ermine' as'Lige!i 131 ; K I 535: Xak. 34. y ; I I I ; al-ntuslr7h a s m l g (v.1. a s l l m ~ g )
XI a:s a/-griqn?rr ermrne'; alternative form 50, 14; 146: Rl)2. ditto K I 533: Gag. xv ff.
a:z; used as a rianie for slavc-girls (01-cazedri): as-(-tl) as- dmixtcm ma'ttrlrina 'to hang' Vel.
R:Z 01-qfiq~trir, alternative form n:s, and the 19 (quotns.); as- d?~';.sfon Sart. 39'. 17
lattrr is Inore correct (nffo!t) Kng. I go: K R (quotns.): X m a r . xrrr a s - 'to hang up' 'Ali34:
84 (iiriig) 866 ( 2 k m ) : x ~ vhf~rh.(?)01-qcqrrm xrv ditto Naltc. 126, z : Kom. xrlr 'to hang'
a s (niis-spelt of) RV. 174 (only); G a g . xv ff. a s as- CCZ; Gr.: Klp. xrrr $a?mqa'to execute by
kiikrrrn 'the \rell-known animal with a white hanging' a s - , nlso 'allaqn Ilorr. 34, I 5 ; 'allaqa,
coat and n black tip to its toil, of which they as- do. 42. 1 I : xrv a s - 'nlloqa bi'l-tatjliya tua
make gam~ents'San. 4or. 2 0 (and see Osrn.): m'srtlr~t nsfal 'to hang (sotneone) head down-
X w a r . srv as 'ermine' Qrrrb I I : KIP. xlv wards' Id. IS; a.o. do. yX (2 y k m ) : xv 'nllaqa
ol-'its '\vessel' as Brtl. 10, 10: s v qrjq~rma s a s - KoP~. 10,9; TIIA. 263. 7 ; jantrqa wa 'allaqa
Ttrh. 2921. 7: O s m . s v a~s 'ermine'(?) T T S II a s - do. 2111. 6.
58: svrrl a s . . . and in R ~ i mthe i animal called 1 e s - ( I ) Intrans. (of the wind) 'to hlow',
r&ri 'weasel' Scrrr. +or. zr. usually with 'gently' implied; (2) Trans. 'to
e s 'carrion' and the likc; pec. to Xak. Xak. blow (e.g. dust) about; to winnow (grain)',
XII e s cnzarrr'l-silrd' 'the prey nf wild beasts' and the 11ke. S.i.a.m I.&. Xak. XI e s i n e s d ~ :
Kaf. I 36; tava:r k o r i i p uslayu: (so read, nasama'l-i~nsitn 'the breeze blew gcntly'; and
hlS. rtsn layrr: in error) eske: $oka:r 'when one says t a n g esdi: 'he ~vinnowed(nasafa) the
they see wealth they swoop down on it as a wheat' (etc.); also used of the wind when it
vulture swoops when it sees its prey' (inqaddri blows the dust about (11asaJati'l-ttcrdb); both
'nlayhi knmn yonqnddu'l-nasr id(i ra'ii'l-cnzar) Trans. and Intrans. Koj. I 16s (no Aor. or
I1 17, 17; u s e s k o r i i p 11146, 7. Intin.): KB 63 (ogdiin): xrrr(?) Tef. es- 'to
blow' (Intrans.) 61 (ttiis-spelt as-), $4: Gag.
1 u s 'intelligcnce, the power of discrimination', xv ff. 6s- (-ti, etc.)jrl csdr, ctc. Vcl.58(quotn.);
niid tlie like. X purely \\'estern word to be 6s- tcezi<ian-inasim 'of a breeze, to hlow' Son.
distir~goished carefully from u:a. Survives Iorr. 7: X W ~ TX .J V 6s- 'to bIo\vS (Jntrsns.)
onl!.(?) in N\V Knr. L., 'I'. R J 1741; Koro. Q~rtb52: AlN 343: Krp. s r r r hobha 'to blow'
275 11nd S \ V Az., ostn. 0 8 u z XI US 01-fun~yiz (of a wlrid or t>reezc) es- Ilotr. 44, X (~nis-
 vocnlized rsi-): S I V e s - hahha'l-rill Id. 13; that this is a Mong. I.-w. arises in connection
sukrinri'l-hoeod 'still air' e s m e s IJrrl. 0 , 4; a.o. with i'U Osiir-, q.v.; if this is correctly read
do. 3, I (1 yk:l): xv lrabha e s - 7irh. 38a. 3 : it might he a Caus. f. of 06-, but it is prob. an
O s m . x ~ ff.
v es- 'to hlow'(1ntrans.) in several' error. Gag. xv ff. 6 s - m a ' l y rudan wa 'adat
texts T T S 1 2 7 6 ; 111266. kardan 'to be accustomed to (something)'
San. 74v. 24 (quotn., an erroneous translat~on
2 e s - 'tn stretch' esp. a rope, cord, and the derived from a misinterpretation of the
like. Survives only(?) in NIi l'uv. At some quotn. tuRRan o s g e n y e r i m 'the place where
unknorvri date a verb eg- 'to twist, twist I was hnm and grew up' not 'to which I am
together, tie' appcarcd, and some later user of accustomed'): K o m . x ~ 'tov grow, increase in
the MS, o f ZGg. hecarne so confused hetwccn size' 6 s - C07(;;G'r. 184 (quotn.): Krp. xv as-
the two that he altered the S which prccedcs (ala'a'l-bind owi'l-iacar wa bi-ma'nci turubbd
this verb, 1 e s - and 1 , 2 u s - to $ and also 'of a building or tree, to rise, grow taller; to he
this verh to eg- and esll-, esig- to e$11-. brought up' Knv. 9, 6 ; gabha wa idla 'to grow.
egig-. 'I'he two verhu are/however, clearly get taller' (uzan- and) 0s- Tuh. 21b. 11;
different, since Pal. 577 distinguishes between a.o. 24a. I : O s m . xvlr 0s- 'to grow up' T T S I
e s - , Infin. e z e r , 'to pull (meat off a bone, a 749 ( U S - ) .
pot off the fire)'antl eg-, Infin. ejer 'to twist'.
T h e earliest references to (4) eg- 'to twist', Dis. V. ASA-
which s.i.a.m.l.g., are Xwar. xlv Quth 61 ; IS]:- 'to bc hot'. T h e r e is no doubt that this
Korn. xlv CCG; Gr.; and Gag. xv ff. Vel. 60; verb originally had front vowels, but forms
Sarz. ~ o . + v26.
. X a k . X I o l yr912 esdi: mariila'i- with back vowels now prevail in some lan-
-bob/ 'he stretched the rope' (ctc.) K a f . I 165 guages both for it and for its derivatives. T h i s
(ese:r, esme:k). is the exact reverse of the usual evolution (see
0s- the early existence of this verb, which is e.g. I:?, t d ) . Survives with front vowels in all
practically syn. w. iiz- depends on the question N E dialects and back vowels in NC Klr.,
whether o s u l - and o ~ g u q.v.,
~ , have heen Kzx., cf. isig. X a k . X I m u : n isi:di: 'the soup
correctly read in T M I V 253. It survives (ctc.) was hot' (saxunat); and one says t e m i i r
only(?) in NC I<zx. 0s- 'to cut, carvc; to isi:di: 'the iron (etc.) was hot' (hamiya) K a b
wound, scratch deeply'; the other references III 2 j 3 (isi:r, isi:me:k): Krp. xiv isi-
to it are as follows. Gag. xv ff. 0s- (spelt) saxlrna fd. 14: xv ditto Tuh. zoa. 3.
g~i$fo z ustuxwdn pBk hardan 'to scrape meat *osa:- See osa:l, osallrk, osan-.
off a hone'; it cannot he used in isolation, the
word 'hone' must be mentioned Sntr. 74". 23:
KIP. xv rralintn 'to cut, hew' ( y o n - ; in the Dis. ASB
margin in another hand) 0s- Trrh. 3 7 a 10. P U F u s b a d l u s b a n names of drugs; they ob-
viously represent Tibetan words like sbad, spad,
V U 1 u s - 'to he thirsty'. Survives perhaps in etc. but there are n o obviously appropriate
SE Tiirki u s a - l u s s a - Shnw; Jarring; uSSU- names for drugs of such a form in the ordin-
BAS: unless these are Sec. f.s of suvsa:- ary Tibetan dictionaries. U y g . V I I I ff. Civ.
as lis-liisii- are of SUS-. U y k . V I I I ff. Bud. 'Tibetan' u s b a d H 11 6, 15; 8, 2 2 ; u s b a n
( F u s e n o news came from you) illgiilen$siz do. 30, I ~ O .
frkug u s m a k r m r z s u v s a m a k r m t z t u r d r
'immeasurably grcat thirst (IIend. i.e. for Trls. ASB
news) arose in us'. Iiiien-fs. 2040-1 : X a k . X I
e r u s d ~ :'the marl was thirsty' ('n!ija) Kaf. I P U ? F u s b a r l : Hap. leg.; under the heading
166 ( u s a x , usma:k). 'af'ril with -i attached'. l ' h e only vowel shown
is damma o n the alif. N o doubt a foreign
2 US- 'to think, suppose'. Iiomophonous with (?Iranian) I.-w. X a k . xr u s b a r ~ :xubz maifa
1 u s and perhaps connected semantically. yrifatf f i samn wa yuc'ai fihi'l-sukkar 'bread
Survives only(?) in SW s x Anat. SDD 1421. baked under the ashes crumbled in oil and
O g u z xr m e n ayla: u s d u n ~kn&i znnantri mixed with sugar' KO$.I 141.
I thought thus' KO?. I 166 (usa:r, usma:k):
(Xak.) xtv Muh (?)qnfada 'to intend' u s - Rif. Trls. V. ASB-
I 1 4 ; al-qayd u s m ~ (unvocalizcd)
k 120: O S m .
xrv u s - 'to think, consider' in two texts T T S (D)F ospar1a:- 'to deliver, hand over,entrust';
Den. V. fr. a Middle Pe. verb auispcir- >
1 7 2 9 ; 11 933.
6spar-, corresponding to Mod. Pe. sipur-,
F 6s- 'to grow' a common hlong. verb same meaning; an early I.-w. which has
(Ifn~nisclr128, Kom. 514) which s.i.a.m.l.g. as undergone a gnod deal of phonetic change.
a hlong. I.-w., and is earlier noted as below. In Survives as I s m a r l a - in N W K r ~ mR 1 1396
the only two passages in which it has been read and SW Osm. X a k . x ~ ry e r n i IsrHfil Gav-
in Up&. V I I I ff. Bud. it is clearly an error, in 11 s u bagrka o s p a r l a d ~ m' I have handed
U II 10, 24 for 1 iir-, q.v., and in Suu. 566, 3 the land ovcr to General Is6fil Cavli'
where the correct reading is u z g e n y a g m u r Contract from Yarkand dated A.M. 5 I 5 (A.D.
t l i k u l u r 'the destructive rain, pours down'; a 1121-z), Y.R.A.S. 1942, 191 ff.: YIII(?) Tef.
similar phr. is correctly transcribed in U 1 2 6 , o s p a r l a - 'to hand over' 332 (usburla-);
15 (Syu. 5 1 7 , 4). 'I'he only reason for doubting sparl la- do. 129; I s m a r l a - 'to entrust' do.
 242 T R I S . V. A S B -
130; S I V hlrrh. awda'o 'to eritrust' (VU) Survives in N E Khak. istc$ 'tracI(ing,
~ s m a r l n -Mrl. 23, I I ; Rif. 105: X w a r . xrrt following, scnrch' I h s . 6 8 ; N C 1<1r. IzdS:
ditto 'Ali 55: xrv Isparla- 'to entrust' Nahc. 'enquiry, search'; S W Osm. istek 'wish,
roz, r ; 341, 7: Kip xrrr solloma mitt toslimi'l- request'. Xak. xr Iste:g 01-{olnh ren'l-
-fay' iln srihihihi 'to hand something over to its -1atahbtr' rcn'l-jnlrf 'ani'l-grr),' 'rcquest, cxa-
owner' ospur1a:- (nlif not vocalized, Irnperar. mination, investigation of sc~rrrctllirr~'; hcnce
-pi1 in error) Horr. 41, I : xrv i s m a r l a - one says i s t e g (sir) k o p t l ~ : Irrirn'l-(olnh 'a
arcdn'a Id. 14: xv arcsd 'to appoint (somcone) requcst arose' Kay. I 120.
as executor' a s m a r l a - TrrA. ga. lo: O s m .
xlvff. ~ s m a r l a -( I ) 'to hand over, entrust'; 1) iiste:k 1)ev. N fr. iiste:-; 'son>ethinpn ~ l d c ~ l
(2) 'to lay down. ordain' in several texts TT'S I to sorncthina else'. S.i.s.rn.1. Xak. sr liste:k
357; I1 505; I11 347; I V 398: xvlrr l s m a r l a - 'an increase (01-ziy17da) of something, e.g. an
in Rrimi, sipurdon u.n torc,ciya kordan wa tawdi' increase of rooo by (another) loo'; hence one
kardan Son. 1o4v. 9. says m e n iiste:k b6:rdim 'I gavc him an
increase' Kay. I 120.
Dis. ASC D i i s t e m N.S.A. fr. iiste:-; etymologically 'a
P U U S I : ~Hap. Iep.; there is no clue to the single act nf putting something on something',
pronunciation or meaning of this word, but it actually 'gold or silver belt or harness orna-
was pmh. laudatory. Tiirkii VIII ff, IrkH 29 ments'. I'cc. to Xak., but a I.-w. in Ye. as
1 0:y). tistdm with some extended meanings. Xak.
xr i i s t e m 'anything, gold or silver, which is
hfon. ASD inlaid (ytrrospa') on thc buckles of helts or
1 a s t 'the bottom, or lower surface, of some- harness straps'; it is what the Ogua call
thing'; syn. w. and with the same peculiar sa:xt (PC. I.-w.) Knf. I 107: KLI a y a g bkrdi
character as alt, q.v.; not noted hcfore the t a m k n a t i i s t e m keaiit 'he gave him n title
medieval period, but a s t ~ n ,asra:, q.v., are of honour, n seal, decorntcd hartless and
older. For modern survivals see alt. ((Xak.) clothing' 1766; 0.0. of a t i i s t e m 2280, 2385.
~ I I I ( ? )Tef, a s t ~ n d a k l 'situated below' 61):
Gag. xv ff. nstl oltr !a!rt maenZsina 'beneath' D astnn Adj, and Adv. of place, prob. n crasis
Vel. 18 (quotns. containing a s t l d a ) ; a s t ta!it of *asttln, see a l t ; syn. a l t l n ; liable to
opposite to fatrq 'above' Sun. 4or. 29 (ditto): hc confused u i t h obliquelases of a s t , q.v.
Xwar. xrv a s t l n d a 'beneath' Qutb 13 ; Nahc. Survives in S E Tiirki Slraru, B$, Jarring, and
118, 3: Kom. x ~ v'beneath' a s t l n d a C C I , prob. NC I<rr. a s t a g kesteg 'upside down'
Gr. (said to be a corruption of n s t l n iistiin) R I
550; a s t a n kesten AfAf4z. Xak. xr a s t l n a
VU 2 a s t Hap. leg. q i g i l X I a s t of-aziqqa Particle (!rorf) meaning ta!rt 'under, beneath';
'lanes, side-streets' Koj. I 42. lrrjn radi3.a 'an incorrect form'; the more
I
corrcct (a[-offo!r) is a l t l n KO?. I 108: Kl3 nB
u s t 'upper surfilce, top'; opposite to nlt, aSt a s t r n nB iistun 'neither bclow nor above' 18:
but unlike those words used as an ordinary c a b svff. a s t l n (spclt) ( I ) zirin 'situated
N. in phr. like a y a k iisti 'the upper surface of below', in Ar. tnlrtdtri (quotn.); (2) lmmkat-i
the foot', and an ordinary Adj. in phr. like kana 'the vo\vcl sign knsm, also callcd a s i r
iist y u r t 'the upper camp in^ ground'. There Snn. 40v. 2; 0.0. do. 5 .
are noenrly occurcnces hut the Den. V iiste:-,
q.r., is an old xvord. S.i.a.m.l.g. (Xak.) xrrr(?) VU iisteg survives in SE Turki Sho~o,B$,
Tef. ba9larlnlg Ustinde 'over their heads'; Jarring and NC Ibr. (ciston) 'a main irrigation
a y a k ~iistiinke k o p d ~'he rose to his feet' canal'; it is not clear whether this is the word
341 : Gag. sv ff. iistiga (sic) iistiine Yrl. 107 uscd in K B or \\,hat its etymologv is. Xnk. xl
(quotn.); iist brilri ma farvq 'ahove' Sun. 751. 12 K R (Ogdiilmig rrplied and said, '0 King')
(same quotn. but with iistine which is no u z u n keq yaqasu h u aster3 elig 'long live
doubt a better reading): X w a r . SIII(?)u r u m this open-handed one'(?) 1796, similar phr.
iistike a t l a r bola s e n 'you are about to ride 1948.
against Rome (i.c. Byzantium)' 0g. 143-4;
(there is ice) iize iistiinde 'on its summit' 230; D iistiin Adj. and Adv. connoting motion
k a n g a iistunde 'on the cart' 276:. Kom. see onto or situation on (something), proh. n
ustiin: KIP. XIII in the prammatlcal section crasis of *iisttiin, see 81t; liable to be con-
the l a f y 'expression'faocq is translated by list fused with oblique cases of iist. S.i.a m.l.p.
with Poss. Suffs. in oblique cases Horr. 53.4 ff: except NE and with sornc distorted forms in
xv in a similar section 'nlZ ' ~ ~ p o nis' simi- NW like Kar. L. isne; T. iisnii. Uyg. V I I I ff.
larly translated by istliist Kav. 45, 18 ff.; .
Hud. iistiin . . altln 'ahove . . . bclow', see
.
alttn: Civ. iistijn . . altrn ditto.; iistiin,
'alz u s t Tuh. 3h. 3 ; 8ga. 9: O s m . srv ff. iist
and oblique cases including iisne (xv) occur in presumably 'north', is used in conjunction
various phr. T T S I1 957; 11' 807. with ogdiin, [altln] and kedin in describing
the boundaries of a property USp. 30, 9-1 I :
s r v Clri71.-U?f. Dirt. shorrfi 'above, upon'
Dis. ASD (Gilrs 9,729) iistiin Li'eti 276; R I 1886:
D iste:g N.Ac. fr. iste:- with meanings Xak. xr iistiin a Particle meaning farcq
developing in the same way as those of Me:-. 'above'; hence one says a n d a n ustiin
 D I S . V. ASD-
f~~wqalrtr KO$. I 108: KU b u l a r d a erj iistiin VIII ff. Chr. (my dear children no and) t i l e ~ l e r
'the hiphest of these' (is Saturn) 131; 0.0. isterjler 'seek and search' U I 6, I : Bud.
18 (astln), 1836: xr~r(?)'1'4 tistun 'a\,oveS ' isteyii s a k l n s a r m e n 'if I investigate and
(Adj.), 'top' (Noun) 341: xrv Muh. nl-u'lri think' II~irtr-ts. 1961; 0.0. of tile- iste- do.
'higher' (opposite to 'lower' altln) iistiin note 1870, 23; USp. 1oza. 55: Civ. in a stock
Mel. 14. l o ; Rif. 9o:.Gag. xv ff. ustiin (spelt) formula regarding an outright sale, no one may
( I ) famq wa fdyiq (quotns.); (2) the vowel s i ~ n q a m q a r r m kllmazun ayltrnazun Iste-
fatha San. 75'. 15: Kom. X I V ustiin 'above' meziinler 'lodge objections, make enquiries
(something Loc.) CCI, C C G ; Gr. 270 or start investigations' USp. 107, I 2; 108, 13
(quotns. ; but iistlinde comes from list): KIP. (Note, in these Uyk texts a transcription
xrlr 'a15 'upon' (opposite to tol~taltln) (istun izde- is not absolutely excluded): Ifak. X I
(vocalized iisten) also iiziire (sic) I~OII.26, zo: Kaj. 1 2 7 2 (irte:-): XIII(?)Tef. iste- to seek
x ~ 'ald
v isne (sic) and uzre: (unvocalized) B~rl. (someone Arc.)' 126: xlv Muh. ya!lub 'he seeks'
15. 12; iistlin fawq Id. r xv ' a h ustiin is i:zde:r in Turkistan and i:ste:r in 'our
Kau. 35, 6: O s m . xrvf? iistiin 'upper, country' Mel. 8, I I ; Rif. 80; arGda 'to desire'
above' in several texts T T S 1 7 4 9 ; 11957 (but iste- 22, 7; 103 (ti:le:- in margin); f a t t a ~ a
the word here may be ustun, metathesis of 'to investigate' iste- 29, 13 (only!; al-taftiq
Pe. strtrin 'pillar'); I11 735; I V 807. i s t e m e k 36, 3 (only); al-ibti&i' to desire'
izde- 35, 14; rzr ; al-qahwa 'to long for' izde-
Dis. V. ASD- cf. 36, 9; 122: Gag. xvff. iste- (-li, etc.) iste-
Vel. 59 (quotn.); iste- (spelt) xw&tan wa falab
D esit- Hap. leg.; Caus. f. uf 2 es-. Xak. kardan 'to wish for, to seek' Sun. IoIr. 23
xr 01 u r u k n ~ : esitti: ainaddn'l-/tab1 'he (quotns.): X w a r . X I I I iste- 'to wish' 'Ali 29:
had the rope stretched' Kaj. I 209 (esitiir, XIV izde- 'to seek' Qutb 62: K o m . xrv 'to seek;
esitme:k). to summon (to a court of law)' izde- CCI,
CCC;; Gr. 104 (quotns.): KIP. XIII fatlafa
11 isit- Caus. f. of isi:-, q.v.; 'to hcat (some- izde:- IIou. 43, 2 : xrv ditto Id. 13: xv ditto
thing Acc.)', also Intrans. 'to suffer from fever'. Tub. 28b. 3; !aloha izde- Kav. 9, 17; 74, 19
S.i.a.m.1.g. w. front vowels in NE, and spora- (also tile-): O s m . X I V ff. iste- 'to seek, search
dically elsewhere, otherwise w. back vowels. for (something)' common till xvr, once in
Uyg. VIII & Civ. 6$iqte: isitip 'heating it in XVIII, in this sense T T S I 391 ; 11 549; 111
a cauldron' I1 I 99; a.0. H I1 rz, 97: Xak.
01 mii:n isitti: 'he heated (saxxana) broth'; 385; I V 439.
also used when one heats (ahmd) iron, etc. ; and D liste:- Den. V. fr. iist; 'to add an additional
one says e r isitti: 'the man had feverl(humma); piece to (something Acc.), to increase (it).'
the last Intrans., the others Trans. Kaj. I 2 0 9 S.i.s.m.1. Uyg. VIII ff. Bud. t t n l t g l a r n ~ g
(isitiir, isitme:k): K B (when you are young) iizeleyii 6griinglerin sevinqlerin a $ m a k
s o g l k i$ke tutgll isitiir kantrj 'engage in Ustemek eriir 'it is to increase (Hend.) the
cold work, it wamls your blood' 4623: XIV rising joys and pleasures of mortals' Suv. 266,
Mrrh. a!tm5 i:sit- hfel. 21, 15; Rif. 102; ol- 6-8; a.0. do. 593. 19: Xak. XI K B y 3 r a b b
(ruwrnrd'l-harm i s i t m e k 64, rz (Isitme: 163): ilste d a w l a t tukel k11 tilek'O Lord! Increase
P a & s v tf. asit- (-kan, ete ) rsttina tr~t-,krsd~r-, his good fortune and fulfil all his wishes' I 16.
rssr cyle- 'to catch fever; to heat, make hot'
Vel. 57-8 (quotns.): ~ s t t -garin kardan 'to D istet- Caus. f. of Me:-; with a similar range
heat', and mctaph. lob kardan 'to have f e v ~ r ' of meanings. S.i.s.m.1. Xak. XI m e n ant:
,Ya?t. ror v. 13 (quotns.): OSm. xrv tsslt- to i s t e t t i m ba'ajtu ji itrihi li-ya!lub 'I sent
heat', once T T S 1358. (someone) in his tracks to look for him'
Kaj. I 260 (istetiir, istetme:k): x~lr(?)Tef.
D u s ~ t -CRUS.f. of 1 US-, q . ~ . perhaps
; sur- istet- same meaning 126: F a g . xv ff. istet-
vives in S E 'Tar. u s a t - R I 1746. Xak. X I Caus. f. !aIab farmtidan 'to order to seek' Sun.
tu:zluR e t meni: u s t t t ~ :'the salted (mumal- lor v. I r : O s m . SIV istet- 'to have (someone)
lah) meat made me thirsty' ( ' a t ~ a n i )Kaj. I sought' T T S I1 550.
209 ( u s ~ t u r , us1tma:k); b u kuya:$ 01
kisini: us1tfia:n 'this blazine heah alwavs VU?C Gstik- Kas. is prob. right in describing
mikes a man;hirstyl (mrrra!!ij) I 155 (verse).' this verb as a cr&is oi 1 6:z and tik-. App&
rently survives in NE $or. iistiik- 'to attack'
(?S) iste:- described by Kay. as syn. w. irte:- (Trans.) R I 1886; Sag. iistuk- 'to hurry'
to seek, pursue (something Acc.)'; but the (Intrans.) Bas. 257 and NC Klr. iistuk-1
subsequent history of the two words differed; iizdiik- 'to be ravenously hungry'. Xak. xr
irte:-, where it survives, still has that meaning, 01 bu: 1:gka: ostikti: 'he coveted (harisa) this
hut iste:- has developed extended meanings, thing and desired it (irtdqa)'; originally 6:z
including in S W 'to wish; to wish for (some- tikti: Kay. 1 2 4 4 (ostike:r, 6stikme:k): KB
thing Acc.)'. There is no doubt that izde:-, blregii bay evlik tiler ostikip 'one man
when it occurs, is identical with Me:-, and seeks a rich wife out of greed' 4487 (two MSS.
it is tempting to explain iSte:- as a Sec. f. of read Bz tikip).
izde:- Den. V. fr. i:z, but it would be sur-
prising if such a sound change had taken place D istel- Pass. f. of 1 s t ~ : -. Survives only(?) in
before VIII,and the resemblance may be a . NE Tuv. istel- and NC Klr. izdel-. Xak. X I
coincidence. 'S.i.a.m.l.g., in NC izde-. Uyg. isteldi: ne:g tuliha'l-fay' ma fuhisa 'the thing
 D1S. V. A S D -
\\,as s o u ~ h t and searched for' Kng. I 246 ITthe lattcr n~caningusually in thc Hcnd.
(iste1u:r. iste1me:k): Gag. xv ff. istel- Pass. yP:g ustunki. S.i.s.m.l. Uyg. V I I I ff. Alan.-A
f.; .rrcdstn gudan 'to be desired' Sun. lor v. 12. ustiinkl kok 'hcaven above' A1 I I I ro, 7 (ii):
Man. yPg ustungi/ustilngi yCg 'highest'
1) iistel- I'ass. f. of uste:-; 'to be enlarged, (place, heaven, ctc.) T7'111 75, 143, 166; a.o.
increased'. Survives only(?) in N C Kzx. Uyg. do. 169 (alt~nkr:):Bud. y6g ustunki (teach-
V I I I ff. Man. iistelzun t e g r i d e m kiiq- ing, knowledge) T T V l l l G . 3 3 : SUV. 148,
Ieri 'rnay their divine powers be increased' 20-1; T T 11' 12, 57 (tiizgerincsiz): Civ.
7'7' 111 170; a.0. A1 I1 6, 4: Bud. koguldeki 2'21 ~ z X ( a l t ~ n k r VIII
) ; 1.16: xtv Chin.-1132.
edguleri neteg ilstelrniq b o l u r 'how are the Dirt. 'itnperial court' Ustiinki I.ijirti 276;
good things in their minds increased?' U I11 11 11886: (Xak.) X I I I ( ? Ttf.
) u s t u n k i 'upper'
73, 11-12; 0.0. U 1 2 6 , 12; T T V 24, 67 and (lip) 341: K o m . X I V 'highest' tistung1 C C I ;
74; VII 40, 46; Hiien-ts. 1872; a l k u 6 d t e Gr. 271 (quotn.).
b u y a n l a r ~ a91l1p ustelip 'their merits in-
creasing (Hend.) at all times' TT V I I 40, 128; I> ustiirti: Adv. of place fr. iist; noted only
a.o. Hiien-ts. 2015: Xak. X I SU:V iisteldi: in the phr. usturti: ko@: 'from on high'
'the water increased' (zdda); also used when as below. Uyg. ~ I I ff. I Man. u s t u r t i kodl
something is added to it (rrzida fihi); also used Bnmeser 'if you had not descended from on
of other things KO$. I 246 (iisteliir, tistel- high' T T I I I 20: Bud. uzgen y a g m u r odinqe
me:k). iistiirti kodt t o k u l u r 'the dcstructivc rain
pours dolr.nfrom on high in due season' (1 I
11 astur- Caus. f. of as-; 'to order to suspend, 26, 15-16, Srrv. 517, 4; a.0. .Ycm. 380, 9.
or to execute'. S.i.n.m.1.g. Xak. X I 01 e r
asturdl: 'he ordered the crucifixion (solb) of Dis. AS(:
the man'; and one says 01 e t asturdl: 'he
ordered that the meat should be hung (ta'liq) a s l g 'proft, advantage', and the lilte; I.-\v. in
on a stake' Kng. I 2 2 0 ( a s t u r u r , asturma:k): Along. as n i g (sic, see Slttdirs, p. 206; Koru.
x111(?) Tef. a s t u r - 'to order to hang' 62: 59, Haltod 13); sirrvivcs in N1: 'l'uv. njik
Gag. sv ff. a s t u r - (spelt) Caus. f.; Zwizdndatr (reborrowed fr. Mong.) and SW O s n ~ .as]/-
'to order to hang up' Son. 39v. 10: Xwar. a s l g l a s t k 'profit, benefit'. See Dorrfer I 1
XIII(?)t a g u r a k (i.e. t a v r a k ) b a s l p a s t u r l p 480. T u r k i i V I I I ff. as@.]: b a r edgii: 'there is
yok bolzungll t e p k ~ l u r m e n 'I quickly advantage in it, itis good' I r k B 32: Uyg. vrlr ff.
attack, have him hanged and order his destruc- Alan.-A m a g a 01 kiqi a s l g bolgay 'that man
tion' 02.114-15. will be uscful to me' M I 3 4 , 20: a s @ t u s u
krltlnlz 'vou have brouaht advantage (I-1end.l'
I estiir- Caus. f. of 1 es-; survives only(?) 7.7' ~ I;i3; I a.0. do. 10; (utug): 13"d.'~ansk;.
in SW Osm. Xak. XI 01 kavlk esturdi: 'he nrthnm advantage, profit' a s l g T T V I I l
gar-e orders for winnowing (nasf) the bran out U.34; E.44; a:s@ do. D.18; a.o.0.; a s l g
of the millet and for cleaning it' (nnqiyatihi); t u s u k ~ l -'to bring advantage, or profit, to
also used for >%-innowing in prneral K q . 1 2 2 1 (somcorie Uot.)' is very comrnon I'P 20, 5 ;
(estiirur, esturme:k): Gag. xv ff. estiirgey 34, 7. etc.; U 125, 8 ; I1 16,20, a t ~ dtnany 0.0.:
ye1 rsdiirryin 'I will make the wind blow' W. Civ. a s @ bolur 'it is advantageous' T T VII
$8; Pstiir- Caus. f. mnzritridarr 'to cause to 28, 36, and 45, etc.; u t r u g d a a s ~ f it u s u
blow' Son. rolr. 21 (quotn.). y6tiru kelti 'he has comc to nicet you brinp-
ing you advantages' T7'I I 13; [lo. 58 (e$sii:-);
D 2 e s t u r - IIap. Icg.; Caus. f. of 2 es-; cf, in contracts in USp. as!& 'intctcst (on a Icmn)'
esit-. Xak. XI (01) u r u k estiirdi: moddo'l- is romtnon, e.g. biz Pl yagtnqa as121 birle
-!mbl (no doubt error for anradda) 'he ordered koni bPriirbiz 'we promise to rcpay with
that the rope should be stretched' KO$. 1 2 2 1 interest at the customary ratc' lo, 7-8: S I ~
(followed by 1 estiir-). Chin.-UJ~. Dicf. li i 'advantage, profit' (Giles
6,885 5,485) as12 t u s u Ligrti 131: Xak. XI
V U ? D u s t e r - presumably Intrans. Den. V. a s r g 01-rap 'profit, gain' Kap. 1 64; a s l a
'

fr. u s t , but the semantic connection is tenu- ktlgu: e m e s Id yanfa'ukn 'it gives you no
ous; the general connotation seems to be 'to advantage' 1 4 9 4 , 4 ; a.0. 111 13, 7: K B a s l g
be quarrelsome, uncooperative', and the like. kolsa harp Szug yasstzln 'if you seek
N.0.a.b. Xak. X I 01 marJa: ilsterdi: 'he profit (or advantage) in all things without any
opposed me (mdrEni) in the matter': and one losses' 106; 0.0. 160 (ukiiv), 171, 232, etc.
says 01 kllmry I : y n usterdi: ca!lada mi (common): xrrl(?) At. (let a man who reads
fa'aln 'he disowned (or nccepted no respnn- this book) a s l a a l s u 'get advantage froin it'
sibility for) what he had done'; also used 78; t a v a r a s g l 'the advantage of xirealth' 287;
for any kind of denial or disowning (inkdr Tef, a s i p 'profit' (also 'a pendant' Dev. N. fr.
run crr!rrid) Kag. I 221 (iisterilr, (isterme:k; a s - , occurring later, but first notcd here) 61 :
prov.): K B u v u t s u z b o l o r iisterigll k a r a k (XIV 11,frrh. rnbnlra 'to p i n , make a proft' .
'a defiant look is shameless' 2205: s ~ n ( ? TeJ. ) as1:t-, no doul,t'a crasis of nsl: Pt-, Me/. 26,
ilster- 'to be quarrelsome' 341. 7 ; Rif. log): Gag. xv ff. asrglnsrk ngr (sic?)
ae fZyidn 'protit, advantage' lhl. 19 (quotns.);
T r i s . ASD asxg naf* rcn fiijidn Son. 40v. 14: X w a r . xrv
D iistiinki: N.1A.S. fr. ustiin; 'situated above, as12 ditto Qrrfh 13: KIP. SIII 01-rib11 (opposite
or on the top', hence metaph. 'better, superior'; to 'loss' kor) B S I ~I-lorr. 28, 2: srv a s t g (and
 'I'KIS. AS('I; 245

aglam) al-f6yida Id. 15 ; al-rih/t fi'l-bi' uja'l- T r i s . ASG

-$ir6 'profit in buving and selling' a$$;: Bul. 5 , D asl.&l: N . A ~ .fr, aslg; *benefactor*.
6: xv rahaha ( a s l a m l a - ; in m a r m in later ~ . ~ . ~Xak. . h . K B beg]oe aslgCl baglr-
hand) aggi eyle- Tllh. 191). I : O s m . xrv ff. s a k n l bil %know that the kindly man is a bene-
~ 6 ~ 1less
, often as1, profit, advantage'; factor to his masters 2b09; a,o, 441g.
c.i.a.p. TT.7 1 4.7-8; 11 60-1; 111 42-3; 1v
4s: SVIII (after tag. entry) 'and in ntimi as]' L) a s ~ g l r gF . N . / A . fr. a s @ ; 'advantageous,
Son. 40% 14. henrficial, profitable'. Survives in NE Tuv.
a j l k t ~ g ;S W Osm. aslll. Uyg. V I I I ff. Man.
S 1 ;SIB See lsl$. a d ~ n l a r k aa s l g l ~ g isig I$let(t)lglz 'you
E 2 lsrg See ylglg. have done a deed beneficial to others' T T Ill
68-9: Bud. a s l g l ~ gig T T VIII E.41, 42;
D u s a k Dev. N. fr. 1 u s - ; n.0.a.b. Uyg. a.0. do. A.47; t u s u l u g aslgllg USp. 43, I ; :
VIIIff. Civ. u s a k ~yagcp iqgiil (sic) 'drink in Civ. l r a k b a r s a r astglrg y a n a r 'if he g m
accordance to (your) thirst' H I I71 ; a.0. 199. on a long journey, he comes back with a
profit' T T V I I 28, 55; (a particular omen)
o s u g (osog) 'a way of using (something)'; aslgllg t u s u l u g b o l u r 'is favourable(Hend.)'
n.o.a.b., but see osuklug. U Y ~vn1 . ff. Bud. do, 36, 3 (US*. 42, 16); a s ~ g l i ebeg s a b r
(deign to explain) b u darn1nlrJ inc8e YaD1 k i i m i i ~ i i gtiiket a l d l m 'I have received in
osugl 'the suhtle way of using Wend.) this full five sattr in cash with (or as?) interest'
dIrfira!ti' U I1 41, 20; 0.0. do. 48, 14-15; US*. 48, 2-3: Xak. XI asrglle 1:s 'amal giC
fragment in Of. p. 28, note 76: Xak. XI o s u g manfaea 'beneficial works K ~ I~ r47: . KB
ta!rliyrtl~c'l-~ay'bi'l-gay' 'a UraY of using some- aslglrg kist a s e l 6lke t o l u r 'the value of a
thing for something'; hence one bu: benefactor is abundant for the realm' 5731;
~ : gosugt: m u n d a : g 'the way of using this x11(?)K B V p a s ~ g l l gt u r u r b u 'this is a useful
thinr: is as follows' Kag. 1 64: Xrv Muh.(?) (book)' 15: xrrr(?) At. bilig t e g aslgllg 'as
o s u g 01-!t(il rua'l-firaa (uncertain, ?'con- as knowledge' loo: xIv Muh.
dition, insight') Rif. 188 (only) : ( X w a r - al-nafi' 'useful, t,eneficialP as1gl12 Mel. 52, I ;
xlll(?) anurJ saql m i i r e n osugl teg 'her R$. 148: Gag. s v ff. aslgltk mstlr oe fsyidolu
hair (flowed down her back) like a river'(Mong. 'profitab]e, advantageous' ~ ~ 19; 1 .a s l g l ~ g
I.-w.) Of. 76; Arat points out that the word rtjdmnlld ma bn rnanfa'at ditto San. 40v. 16:
is out of place here, and SuQgests that it is an K o m . slv 'useful' aslgll (spelt azrxlt) C C G :
error for s u g l (suvl) 'water'). Gr.: O s m . xrv to xvr a s s l l ~'useful, profitable'
PUI) osguc both this word and osku:k in several texts T T S 1 4 8 ; 61; 11143;
(osgu:k), included below are Hap. leg. They I V46.
are obviously cognnte Dev. N.s in -&IF and D aslgllk A.N. fr, a s l g ; 'benefitu and the
- g u k respectively. and the simplest explana- like; n.0.a.b Uyg. vrlr ff. Bud. tlnltglarnlg
tion is to derive them fr. 0s-, q.v., but it is aslgllkl megjliki iiqiin 'for the benefit and
doubtful whether this is an ancient verb in this happiness of mankind' u 1134, 6-8.
form and other transcriptions, esp. of O S ~ U Y ,
are possible. Apart from the difference in the S lslgllk See isiglik.
quality of the vowels, 2 US- \vould he an ap-
propriate hase. Uyg. vrrr ff. Dud. (they force D ' J s u ~ I u (osoRlob)
~ P.N./'A.; Pre-
tllrtn to lie clown in places strewn with) ceded h? a qualifyinn word. T h e spelling'ih
~ i i l i g i i osguq teg b i biqgu 'knives and fixed by T T VIII. N.0.a.b. Uyg. vIrI ff. Bud.
instruments like razors and , . . 'TM Sanskrit idrg 'made in this way' monda:g
I V 253, 41 : (Xak.) srv hit&. (under 'cobblers' 0 ~ 0 a l o BT T VIIIA.37; evatfruidhe 'like this'
tools') cobbler's knife7 osku:k ,we[. ditto do. D.29; a.0. do. E.42; ~ u l aosuglug
59, 12; Rif. 158. 'serving as a lamp' U 11128, 26; 01 e r neteg
o s u g l u ~korkliig m e r ~ i z l i ge r d i 'in what
PU(S) o s g u n 'onion'; presumably a meta- way was that man good-looking (Hend.)?"
thes~sof so:gun, same meaning; survives in U 111 57, 6 (i); 0.0. do. 54, lo ( U 1123, 23);
most N E languages in a \vide nnge of forms, U I V 8, 19 (kllln-); TT V 6, 16; X 134-5:
oksum, ukslm, uksum, uxsum, usxum Xak. xr KU b u y a v l a k o s u g l u g t u r u r
and even m u k s u n , and in N W Kaz. uksiin b u et6z 'this body has a bad way of behaving'
'wild grlic' Bud. 145: Uyg. vrlr ff. Civ. ([fif gets fat, it is wicked) 3599; a.0. 974
o s g u n kastkrn y l l t ~ z lbirle y o r g u r t k a (sic) (oyuk).
t o k u p 'pound the skin of an onion with its
roots in yoiurt' H 144-5. ?E a s g a n q u See azgangu:.
D a s t g s l z Priv. N./A. fr. a s @ ; 'useless, un-
is. V. ASG- profitable'. Survives in NC K I ~ asuslz(?) .
U u s u k - Emphatic f. of 1 u s - ; pec. to KO& and S W xx Anat. a s s i z SDD 120. Uyg.
Xak. XI e r usuktt: 'the man was thirsty' vrlr ff. Bud. (if a man without hands goes to
('atija) Kay. I 191 (usuka:r, usukma:k; nn island full of jewels) aslgsrz k u r ~ g
~ r o v . )(in
; a para. on the suffix -k-) e r asuktl: kalzr 'he is unable to take advantage of the
galaha'l-ractrla'l-'aiaf'the man was overcome situation (Hend.)' TT V 33, note B.go,3-4:
with thirst' I1 165, 9. Xak. XI KB kUvezlik a s ~ g s l z 'pride i s
 246 T H I S . /IS<;
unprofita1)lc' 2120; ~ S I ~ ~ SkIi gZi l e r kiglde 'hot' Qrrth 60-1 : K o m . x ~ v'hot, h t ~ r n i n g '
t u r l 'useless men arc had-tmipercd to people' I ~ l / l s s lC C I , (,'CG; (;r. 107 (quotns.): KIP.
5731 : ~ I I I ( At.
? ) (to such a man advice) a s l g - X I I I nl-hnrr 'heat' (opposite to 'cold' s a w u k )
S I Z t u r u r 'is nselcss' I 1 0 ; a.o. 346: X w a r . run Itrircn'i-strrr~rr'l-!rdrrthat is 'burning heat'
s l v a s ~ g s ~'unprofitable'
z Qrrtb 13: O o m . issi: Ilorr. 5, p; nl-i~nnrindrn'a 'I'urkish bath'
srv a s s ~ s l z'useless' T T S 1 4 8 . issi: s u : that is 'hot water' do. 6, 8; a.o. do.
27, 1 2 : x ~ vIsi: (v.1. issl:) nl-hnrr I(/.1 3 : Nrrl.
T r l s . V . ASG- 3, 4 ; nI-1111ini~ii 'fever' I S S I ~(and Isilik) [lo. q,
I 5 : !rnrr i s s l 7'rrlr. 121,. 1 2 ; srtxrr lssi rio. rr)l>.
?I: nsgnnqula- S r c azgnnqu1a:-.
8 : O s n l . s l v If. lSSl (appnrrritl! :II\\.A).R str
h l o n . ESG sprlt) 'heat, hot'; c.i.a.p. T7:S I 357-8; 11
505-7; 111 347-8; I V 399-400.
VIT iisk a word like a l t , etc., used only with
I'oss. Suff.s in oblique cnses; 'in thc prcqence eski: 'old'; in the early period only of t h i n ~ s
of'. N.o.8.b. U y g . vrlr ff. Ilud. in U II 88, and abstract idcas, 'old' of human beings heing
68-70 sins arc confes~ed u s k i n d e 'in the a v ~ q g a : . S.i.a.ni.l.g., used of human hcings
presence of' certain named persons; 0.0. U II only rarely and then in a depreciatory sense.
7 9 , 5 1 ; T T I V 4 , 13; 12, 48, etc.; U S p . ~ z o b . U y g . ~ I I ff. I Civ. e s k i a t r g t e g q i l i p y a g l
21: Civ. i i s k u g d e 'in your presence' T T I 15, b u l t u ~'your old name has been changed and
27; o l a r i i s k i n d e b C r d l m ' I have given in you have found a newr one' T T I I 1 7 ; e s k i
their presence' USp. 78, 21 ; a.o. do. I I I , 5: i s l g k e 'for a long-standing fever' If II l o , 5 3 ;
(Xak.) X I I I ( ? )K B P P T a v g a ~B u g r a X a n b i r e s k l t o g e k 'one old mattress' USp. 84, 4 :
iiskiige k l g i i r m i g t u r u r 'he brought (this X a k . X I eski: 'anything old and worn out'
boot) into the presence of Tav& Bugra (qndint bdli); hence one says eskl: to:n
S a n ' 25: Tef. m e n i m i t s k u m d e 'in my tnech xnlaq 'shahhy clqthing' KO$. I 129; Kl3
presence', a.o.0. 340; X w a r . xrv (the Oxus is k a m u g e s k i n e n l e r all old things' 687: x ~ v
a mere drop of water) y a v l m i i s k i n d e 'in the Mirh. nl-'ntirl "od' eskl: Me/. 54, 3 ; R(f. 150:
presence of (i.e. comparcd to) tny tears'; a.o.o. G a g . s v f f . e s k i krrhtrn 'old' Snn. 1o4\,. t q
Lltrrh zo+. (qt~otn.):X w n r . X I V e s k i 'old' Qtrrh 22: K o m .
s t v ditto C C I , C : ( : G ; Gr.: KIP. x ~ vckkl:
D i s . ESG a/-'ntiq Id. 13 : s v ditto K ~ I64, . I5.
I)i s i g N.1A.S. fr. i d : - ; 'hot, heat'. S.i.a.m.l.g.
sometimes much distorted, w. front vowels in 1) esgii: N.Ac. (Conc. N.)- fc. 1 e s - ; as such
some NE and N\V languages and SIV Az, and Ilap. leg., hut it, or cognate words, survive
hack vowels else~vhrre. T u r k i i vrrr ff. Man. with the same meaning in NI' e s k i n l e s k u n
k i i n tegrf y a r u k r i s i g i P n g e y 'the light and Ii I 8 8 1 - 2 , and with related meaninas in S W
hrat of the sun will descend' M III 23, 2-3 xx Anat. esgin/eskin/esQiin S D D 550-1.
I
(ii); a.o. do. 45, 6-7 (i): U y g . V I I I ff. Man.-A Cf. eviisgii:. X a k . X I esgti: 01-irritrsof 'win-
s e v i g l i g y a l t r n g l l i s i g yiiziiguzen 'your nowing b;~slirt'h*oj. I I 29.
lo\*ely shining xvarm face' A t I 10. 8-9: Rlan.
\i7ind. 46-7 (1 c r g u r - ) ; a.o. 48-9: Bud. i s i g Dis. V. ESG
usually occurs in the phr. i s i g iiz 'life' (lit. iske:- 'to pluck nut'; survivrs only(?) in N E
'warn1 self'), e.g. isiQ iizlerinde a c j l r t l m l z
.. . e r s e r 'if we have dcprivcd(hurnan beings) l'ob. R I 1528, hut tllr Ilev. N. i s k e k
'twcezcrs' surr ivcs in S E Tiirki Slioro 34 and
of their lives' T T I V 8 , 63-4; 0.0. U 111 4, 2 ; hTCIZlr., I<zx. X a k . X I 01 y u : ~iske:di: 'he
50, 6 (i) and 2 (ii), etc.; i s i g iizliig 'living' pluckcd o u t (irntqfn) the wool (rtc.)' Knf. I
1.1 I11 14, I I (ii), etc.: Civ. i s i g kuya:gka: 284 (iske:r, iskc:me:k): s ~ Muh.(?)
v qnrnrn
c l n g e n m i g : kigi 'a man suffering from sun- 'to pluck, tweak' isge:- (unvoc;~lizrd, -g-
stroke' T T V I I I 1.10; i s i g s u v 'hot \\-ater'
+. AI.24; i s i g 'hot' esp. in the phr. i s i g I g
fever' is common in H I and II: s r v Chin.-
marked) Rif. I 14 (only).
D I s k e n - Ilnp. leg.; Itell. f. of iske:-. Xak.
Cryg. Dirt. jo 'hot' (Gilrs 5.649) !sig; hsing a t o t i s k e n d l : 'thr hnrsc c r ~ p p c d(rrorqfn) a
itring 'life' (Gilts 4,600 7,962) i s l g iiziig(?) little (rlnlilrr(ir)) of thc grass'; alsn uscd of any-
I.(grti 157; I? I 1539: X a k . sr i s i g yC:r one who plucked out ham or hrrhage sparingly
nl-snhb ininn'l-ar!i run hrmco'l-irtadidn 'an ex- Kny. I 255 ( t s k e n u r , 1skenme:k).
tensive desert': i s i g ne:g 'anything hot'(horr), '
hence one says i s l g kii:n 'a hot day' Knf. 1 7 2 : D e s k i r - Intrans. I l r n . 1'. fr. cski:; 'to he,
K B b u k u n t u g s a y e r k e i s i g '\\,hen this s u n or hecome, old'. S.i.a.m.1.g. except SW wherc I
rises over the earth (and is) hot' (the Rowers it has become @ s k i -in Osm. and e s k i l - in Az.
open, ctc.) 829; 0.0. 522, 1854, 3726, 4620-2: ( R 1882). X a k . X I to:n e s k l r d i : 'the parnmcnt
.YIII(?)TF/. i s i g / i s s i g 'hot, heat' (of fire) 126; IVRS, o r hecnnie, shabh.' (.rnliqn) K n j . I
I S I ~ditto 129: XI\' Mtrh. nl-hnrr i:ssi: A l e l . 228 ( c s k i r u r , e s k l r m e : k ) : srlr(?) At. y a g l
53, 13; Rif. 150 and in several phr. 57. 3: 155. e s k i r i i r 'what is new grows old' 195: xrv '
etc.: ynrcrrr bnrr 'a hot day' i:si:g kii:n 185 ~lfrrh.(?)'ntnqo rcn qndtrnrn 'to be, o r become,
(only): Gag. s v ff. rst&/lstk i s p goriri mn'nd- old (Ilend.)' c s k i - ( ? ) Aif. 112 (only): Gag.
srirn Vrl. 57 (quotns.); ~ s ~ e l l sgnrm l k rcn hnrr xv ff. Cskir- ( - d i ; 'with -k-') krrhnn 01- ur ~ r k i -
Son. 1 0 4 ~ .24 (quotn.); I S ~ I o t (rk) filjil e l 5 (quotns.); esklr-(spelt)/6skil- ('with
'pepper', do. z o j \ ~ . 17: X w a r . X I V i s i g l i s i -I-') krrhrrn $rrrfnrr, also pronounced e s k l - ,
eliding the r l l Son. 1 0 3 ~5. (qrlntns.): Xwar. b o l m a s a k l a n k a m u g lgte s e n 'do not be
xrv eskir- 'to grow old' Qri~h22: KIP. xv, negligent, be vigilant in all things' 443; 0.0.
'nfnqa - 4 s k f r Tuh. 26a. 8 : O s m . xv eskll- 654. 1066: Gag. xvff. o s a l mhcitcun wa
(sic) once T T S I 280. rnkar111ediip aw yolarrmnh 'negligence, indo-
lence, or 1y1ng' Vrl. 107; o s a l (spelt) qurrir wa
Tri.s. ESG taqsir wa ihmcil 'shortcoming, offence, negli-
gence' (quotns.): also used for ddyi' rua
I'UF Uskcbe$ ITap. leg.: of thc fnrni tif'nlnl; muhmil 'uscless, negligent' (quotn.) Sun. 75r.
with a (I~irnlt~n
over the alif orll!.; presumably 9: X w a r . xrv osal kil- 'to be neglirent' Qrrth
b y its fnrrn, an Iranian(?) I.-w. Xak. xr I 19; Nohc. 224, 10; osal Qutb zoo (usal):
Uskebeq 01-zabib 'raisins' KO$. I 159. K o m . xrv 'negligent' osal IJCC;; Gr. 179
quotn.): KIP. xv&~fala'to be negligent' o s a n
D IslgHg P.N./A.fr. Isig; 'feverish'. Surviyen
only(?) in NC I<rr. 1~111.Uya. vrrr ff. Civ.
6 .
01-, w ~ t hnote in second hand that osal, too,
is used T~rh.27a. 10: O s m . x ~ vand xv o s a l
isigllg e r s c r 'if Ilc is fcvc$sh' I1 I1 14, 116; 'carelcss, negligent' in three texts T T S 1 7 2 7 ;
a.0. do. 10, 57. I1 932 (spelt ural); osanlosag ditto, c.i.a.p.
D isiglllr A.N. fr. i s l e ; 'warmth (physical and I 728; 11 931 ; I11 715; I V 787-8 (spelt
mctaph.); fever; warm feelings, affection'. usan/usaq): xvrrr o s a n (spelt) in Rlimi, kchil
S.i.a.m.1.e.: with front vowels in NE and 'negligent, indolent' Sun. 75'. 13.
snmetim; 'SW, otherwise with back vowels. D uslug P.N,/A, fr, 1 us and surviving in the
X a k . xr isiglik 01-hubh wa'l-mrrtcadda 'love, Same languages; 'discriminating, of sound
affection': hence one says ~ B D V isjglikj:
~ judgement'. Xwar. xIrr(?) (of elderly men)
kere:k 'he ought to have warmth of affection uslug 02.208, 275; uzun #long
(hnrBmtrr'1-mricoacida) in his heart' Ka'ag. I 152:
7i.f, isiglik (of a fire), 26; headed' do. 3 13: xrv u s l u g 'of sound judge-
lsslllk ditto r30: xlvar.xIv isigllk 'heat' yent' Q"lb Nahc. 437* 4: ''"
wise' u s t l u (sic) C C I ; Gf.: I<lp. X I I I a/-'dqil
Qrrtb 61: K o m . xrv 'heat' issillk CCZ; Gr.: u~sl'z)
' i n t e l l i ~ c n t ' ( n ~ ~ o s i ttoc bil'
KIP. nlv lssilik a/-~llr,,,,rlri'fever' Id, 13; ditto
l ~ s ~ k l i ~ i lIlrrl.
l k 9, I 5 : xv s,r.~ti,ta 'heat' UFIU: '"'"
~ s s i l i i c Trrh. 19a. -2: b s m . XI\. ff. l s s i l ~ k
'heat' fr. X I V to XVII;issilik xv to s v r l ~T T S DIS~ASL-
1 3 5 8 ; 11507; 111348; IV439. 11asrl- I'ass. f. nf a s - ; 'to he hung, suspended;
to be hanjyd, crucified'. S.i.a.m.l.g. Xak. X I
T r i s . V. ESG- bi:r ne:g-bi:rke: a s i l d ~ 'one
: thing was hung
(ta'allaqa) on another' Kag. 1 196 (aslur, so
D 1sigle:- Iiap. Icg ; Den. V. fr. isig. Xak. vocalized, as11ma:k): K R 221 (arta:k): XN
XI c r isig1e:di: dahabn'l-racul fi'l-humma-
Muh. ta'allaqa as1:l- Me[. 40, 15: Rif. 130;
runti'l-qay~wa'l-ltdcirn 'the inan walked In the al-was1 'to join' n s ~ l m a k37, 5; 123 (unvocal-
intense 2nd excesslvc summer heat' Kaf. I 3 0 6 ized, perhaps not connected): (jag. xvff.
(isigle:r, Isigle:me:k). a w l - (melt) Pass. f. dmixta ~ u d a n'to be hung.
V U D ? F 6sugle:- Hap. Icg.; Den. V. fr. suspended"~arr.39v. 4: K o m . 'to be hung up,
*osug, which is prob., like other Gancak suspended' asll- C C C ; Gr.: Kip. XIV asit-
words, a I.-w. G a n c a k xr 01 kiritllk o s u g - ta'allaqa Id. 15: O s m . xrv asllan 'preci-
1e:di:'hc oprneti the lock by a cunning device pitous' (cliff) T T S 1 46: svr a s i l m a l u
(hi-ltiln) without a key' Kaf. I 306 (osIigle:r, 'who deserved to bc hanged' 11142; XVII-XVIII
osiig1e:me:k). .
asrlacak ditto 1 4 6 : xvrr~as11- . . and in
Rrimi, maslrib siidan 'to be executed' Son.
1) isiglen- itrfl. f, of isigle:-; s.i s.ni.l. 39v 4.
tncaninp 'to Iw, or becornc, hot'. X a k . X I ol e r
bu: ugurda: b a r m a k k a : Isiglendi: 'the man D esil- I'ass. f. of 2 e s - ; 'to be stretched, to
considered the season too hot ('ndda'l-waqt stretch (Intrans.)'. Pec. to Kay.; in one or two
Itarr) for travelling1 Kng. 1 294 (Isiglenur, places altered to egil-, cf. 2 es-. Xak. XI y ~ g l g
isiglenme:k). esildi: irntadda'l-habl 'the rope, etc. stretched';
also used for 'to be stretched' (mtcdda) Kaj. I
Dis. ASL 196 (esltir (sic), esilme:k, sic in MS.); b u ytp
01 esi1ge:n 'this cord is constantly stretching'
1) osa:l 1)ev. N./A. fr. *osa:-; 'negligent, (yamtadd) I I 58.
idle; negligence, idleness'. An early I.-w. in
Mong. as osol (the Den. V. is noted in XIII, D osul- Pass. f. of 0s-, q.v. N.0.a.b.; it is
IIarnisch 128). S.i.a.m.1.g. A parallel Dev. possible that the Uyi. word is mistranscribed,
N./A. in -n appeared in the medieval period, and should be read u g a l u r o r tlziiliir which
and s.i.s.m.1. together with or instead of osal; would perhaps suit the context better. Uyg.
the earlier occurrences are included below. vrrr ff. Bud. tolp et8zleri tanqu tanqu bolup
See Doprfer I1 599. Uyg. V I I I ff. Civ. o s a l brqllur o s u l u r 'all their bodies are cut
k i l m a g l n r 'do not show negligence' (in earry- (Hend.) into small pieces' T M I V 253. 63:
ing out an order) USp. 17, 12: Xak. XI osa:l Gag. xv ff. osul- (spelt) grift o z urtmwdn pdk
klgl: a1 insritru'ldlifil fi'l-umrir 'a nlan who is $"don 'of meat, to he scraped off the bones'
negligent about matters' Kaf. 1 1 2 2 : K B osal Son. 7 5 r 5.
 V. A S N - 4.9

could I possibly neglect them?' 32; 0.0. 103, osa:fiuk for *osa:nyuk, and that it is a Dev.
709 (1 a:r-): xlv Muh. tnma!/d (e.g. of the N./A. fr. o s a n - ; cf. bulgaiiuk and narktfiuk.
day) 'to be long and dreary' osan- Mcl. 24, N.0.a.b. Xak. xr osa:yuk e r a[-raculu'l-gdfil
y ; Ri/. 106: al-tama~ldo s a n m a k 36, 3 ; 121 ; 'a careless, or negligent man' Kay. 1 160
01-mold1 'to be listless, peevish' o:sa:nmek (MS. faint at this point, oso:nttk is a poseihle
38, r ; 124; al-gafla 'to he negligent' ditto 124 read in^): Kl3 osayuk bu yalguk bilir
(only): Gag. xv ff. oban- (spclt) hi-zdr jtrdan olgiisin Bzlndin keterrnez o s a l l ~ kus1n
run najrat kardan 'to he listless, and feel 'this man is negligent, he knows that he will
revulsion' San. 74r 18 (quotns.): X a a r . xrv die but does not shake off from himself the
osan- 'to he tired of (something Abl.)' sleep of negligence (or indolence)' 6075; a.0.
Qtctb zoo (usan-): KIP. sv tnalla osan- firh. 3568 (serimsiz): s ~ r r ( ? )Tej. osanuk 'care-
3 5 b 11. less' (and osanukluk faflrr) 332: xrv Muh.(?)
al-tagrij~lrl( ? for a[-mritagdfil) o:sa:nuk Ri/.
D esne:- Den. V. fr. esin; properly 'to blow 148 (Mel. 52, 7 u:nutmak).
gently', but usually m@ph. 'to yawn'.
S.i.a.m.l.g., much distortetl in NE (este-/eze-) I) esengii: A.N. fr. esen; 'security' and the
Tlirkii V I I I ff. esnegetl b a r s m e n ' I an1 a like. N.0.a.b. Uyg. ~ I I ff.
I Man.-A k a m a g
yawning leopard' IrkB 10: Xak. sr esin tcgri yCrige esengiisin berdi 'he Rave his
esne:di: tanassamn'l-rrasin~ 'the breeze blew security to all the countries of the gods' hf I
gently'; and one says e r esnc:di: 'the man 12, 1-2; esengii ogriinqii 'security and joy'
~ a w n e d ' (fa[d'abn) I<aj. I 288 (esne:r, M I11 43, 2 (ii); n.o. Ad I 27, I I ff. (alktg):
csne:me:k); 0.0. 11 223, 9; I11 147, 13: X I V Bud. esengii hltlg 'a letter irf sccurity, 3afe
Mrrh.(?) tn!d'aha esne:- Ri/. 10s (only): Vag. conduct( ?)' IIii~n-ts.1819, 1863, etc.
xv ff. bsnecti t~vktrsr grldi, esnrdi 'to feel
sleepy, to yawn' Vpl. 60; Qsne- (spelt) dahon D esengiiliig P.N./A. fr, esengu:; n.0.a.b.
dara knrdan 'to yawn', in Ar. ta!d'rlb Snn. Uye. v!1r ff. t h d . (then the Buddha) .6nqgiillig
104r. 2 0 (quotns.): Kom. xrv 'to yawn' esne- esenguliig c r m e k i g k11u y a r l ~ k a d 'deigned
t
CCG; Gr.: Ktp. s~rrat-to!d'trb esne:mek to create a state of pcacc and sccurity' (for thc
(tnist~ocalizediis-) Ifou. 32. 2; tn!ri'nhn esne:- merchants) Tiy. 22h. 8.
do. 38, 18: xvaI-tn!A'tth esncmek tiat'. 61, 1 4 ;
tnld'aba esne- Tub. 9a. 10. D eseniik A N , fr. esen; 'good health,
soundness, security', and the like. S.i.a.m.1.g.
VU 8sne:- 'to resemble'. I'ec. to Krrg.; in thc Xak. sr KB esenlik tilese 'if (you) wish to
Caus. f. the Infin. is spelt with -rna:k. Cf. he safe' 169,964: X w a r . xlv esenlik 'security,
1 oxga:-. Xak. X I bi:r ne:g b1:rke: iisne:di: prosperity' Qu/h 22: KIP. xrv esenlik (?sic,
'one thinc reseml>led (yiibahn) another' Koq. text cselrk) al-snlr.?tn (?for a/-sal&a 'security.
I 288 (ii:sne:r (sic), 0sne:me:k); ka:dka: good health') fd. 1 4 ;al-soldma esenlik Bul. 6.
tukel osneyit: 'exactly like a sno\~storni'II I : xv ditto T I I ~ 19a.
. 4: O s m . xv ff. esenlik
223, 10; 111147, 14. normally 'greetings, gond wishes'; c.1.a.p.
T T S 1 2 7 7 ; 11399; 111265; I V 308.
1) esnet- Caus. f. (rf esne:- in both meanincs.
S.i.s.tn.l. Xnk. X I tcgri: esln esnetti: '(;o.l 'Tris. V. ASN-
tnade the hrccze t~low gently' (rtossnnto'l- D osantlur- Caus, f. rrf o s a n - ; survives only
-nn.~itn);and one says yc:k an]: esnetti: 'thc ( ? ) in SIY Osrn. u s a n d r r 'to bore, sicken,
devil made him vawn' Kay. I 266 (esnetiir, disgust (snmeonc)'. Xak. xr Kl3 (do not he
esnetme:k): Gag. xv IT. Qsnct- Ca11s. 1.; careless or stay near your enemy; withdraw)
dahnn dnrn htrndnidan 'to make (someone) yagrg s e n o s a n d u r an1 t o r k a yet 'make the
yawn' Sun. 104v. 6 (quotn.). enemy carclcss and lure him into the net'
VUD iisnet- I-Iap. leg.; Caus. f. of osne:- 4262: Gag. s v ff. osnndur- Caus. f.; hi-zar
Xak. sr m e n a g a r asnettiim (sic) pbbah- knrdan 'to mnke (someone) listless' Son.
trihu bihi rua yanontri annahu huzc'a 'I compared 74v 7.
him to him, and thought that he was him' D esengii1e:- Den. V. fr. esengu:; syn. w.
Kay. I 267 (Gsnetiir, osnatma:k?). esenle:-; n.0.a.h. Uyg. vIrrff. Bud. a g r r
V U ? D nsgar- Hap. leg.; dissyllahic and with ayarnakln esenglileyu iikiig kligiil ayrtu:
hack vowels, but the only vowel shown is l d u r b i z 'We enquire after your health with
,fatha once on the olif. Apparently an Intrans. deep respect and respectfully enquire (after
Ilen. V.; apart from the question whether the you with our) many thoughts' Hiien-If. 1825.
word is old enough, it could be a Den. V. fr. 1) esenle:- Den. V. fr. esen; 'to enquire
o s a g (osa:l). Xak. xr e r a s g a r d ~ :!rorrrna'l- after (someone's Dot.) health; to greet
-mcrrl mina'l- 'am01 run calosn 'the man stopped (him).' Survives only(?) in some NE languages
(work) on the affair and sat down' Kay. I 2 8 9 (rather distorted) and S W Osm. usually for
( a s g a r a x , asgarma:k). 'to bid farewell'. Xak. X I 01 maga: esen1e:dl:
hayydni hi-taltiya run ~rjfnhani'he nreeted and
Tris. ASN shook hands with me' Ka?. I 308 (esenle:r,
PUD osa:iiuk 'careless, listless'; a comparison esen1e:me:k): xrv .Wuh. sallama u3a hayy6
between the forms in KB and the other 'to salute, greet' esen1e:- Mel. 27, 7; Rif. I 10:
authorities suggests that the original form was Krp. XIV esenle- er9adda'a 'to bid farewell' Id.
 . XSR- 25 L

KIP. X I I I a/-sokrdrt (opposite to 'sober' aytk) he mad'; both forms c.i.a.p. T T S -I 279; 11
esrilk IIorr. 26, 15: X I V ditto Id. 13: xv al- 401; I11 267; I V ~ I I .
-sakrdn e s r i k Kav. 63, 6 ; Tub. lya. I ;
48a. 3: O s m . xlv (nncc) e s l r i k ; xlv to X ~ I I rslr- 'to hite'. Survivcs in some N E and S\V
esriik; xvl ff. e s r i k 'intoxicntcd'; mctaph. l a n ~ u a ~ c Xak.
s. X I It l s ~ r d l :'the dog (ctc.)
'mad' T T S I 281; 11403; I11 268; I V 311. hit' ('adda) Kaj. I 178 (lslrur. ~ s ~ r m a * ;
prov.); 1slrga:n it 'a hiting ('aprir) dog' I 156;
D l s r l m Hap. ICE.; ahhreviated N.S.A. fr. 0.0. I 163, 18; 11 329, 13: X I V Muh. 'adda
isrr-. Xak. X I l s r l m kigi: al-racrrlrc'l- l s l r - Mrl. 29, 3; Rif. 112; nl-'a@ r s i r m a k
mtrtnqabhidrr'l-qn~~ilr
'a wrinkleti and frowning 36, 13; y t s ~ r r n a k 122: Gag. xvff. I s u r -
man' Kaj. I 1 o 7 . (-an, -gan) yemek y;- 'to eat' Vel, g q (quotn.);
Islr- (spelt) 60-dnndrjn gazidan 'to bite', and
metaph. xwurdan 'to eat'; but the latter is the
Dls. V. ASR- more usual San. 1 0 2 ~ 29 . (quotn.): T k m . xrv
a s u r - 'to sneeze'. It in su(prising that this tsrr- 'odds fd. 15: xv 'adda (in Ktp. tlple-)
is the oldest form of what is presumably an a g r a - (corrected in margin to islr-) Tuh.
onomatopoeic verh, which hecame a x s u r - in 25b. lo.
the medieval period and s.i.m.m.1.p. mainly
in the latter or similar forms like a p s l r - o s u r - 'to fart, break wind'. Like other in-
(NE) and a g s l r - (NW. SW). A similar verb decorous words omitted in some authoritiea
6ksiir- 'to cough' was common in the ,me- (e.g. ,Sam.) hut proh. s.i.a.rn.i.g. Xak. X I e r
dieval pcriod and also s.i.s.m.l., somettmes osurdl: radnmn'l-rncul 'the man broke wind'
mctathrsizcd to oskiir-. Uyg. V I I I ff. Civ. Kag. I 178 ( o s u r u r , osurma:k); bu: e r 01
a s u r s a r 'if one sneezes' T T VII 35, 2 ff. osurga:n 'this man is constantly breaking
(many occurrencrs): Xek. xr e r asurdt: 'the wind' (darrB!) 1 156: xrv Muh.(?) nxraca rih
Inan sncezcd' ('afnsn) Kaj. I 178 (asurur. 'to let out wind' osu:r- Hif. 102 (only): KIP.
X I I I darntn o y r - I h u . 36, I I : xrv ovur-
asurma:k); bu: c r o l t e l i m asurga:n 'this
man is constantly sneezing' I 156: xrv Afrrh. daro!n; o s u r m a k 01-dnri? rcn'l-fisd' both 'a
I?) 'ajnsn axsu:r- Ri/. I I 3 (only); nl-sa'd loud and a silcnt fart' f d . 15: xv dnra!nosur-
Tuh. 23h. I ; ggh. 7 (osruk).
to cough' a x u r m a k (unvocalizrd, lcrror for
a x s u r m a k ) I 23; 01-'otr~sa k s u r m a k ( ?; ali/ PUD iisur- if correctly rcaci a Caus. f. of 6 s - ,
unvocalized, first -k- Itfif; might he intcnderl q . ~ . ;but it occcrs only once in the Uyg.
for 6ksiirmek) 124: KIP. ~ I I I'atasn a k s u r - vrrr ff. Bud. phr. iinlerin osiiriip apparently
IIou. 36, 10; xlv ( T k m . ? ) a k g u r - 'nfasa; in 'raising their voices' in a text first published
KIP. qiiqktir- (with cinrs) i d . 17; 'alosa
in U 143. 17-18 and republished in U I V 10,
akgur- Bul. 63v.: Osrn. xlv to x v ~a x s u r - / 52-3; in the latter the second word is printed
a g s i r - in several texts T T S I 1 3 ; 1118; III 9; in italics as doubtful. It is almost certainly
I V 11. an error for iintiiriip. If so there is no good
(?I>) esilr- 'to he, or hecome, drunk, reason for supposing that 68- is not a Mong.
intoxicated', lit. or tnctaph. S.i.a.m.1.g. Uyg. verh, used as a 1.-w. in some Turkish lan-
vru ff. Bud. (just as prcnt kings like Ajltn- guages.
Sastru nnd Kani~kn) e r k tiirkl[eri] m e ~ i n 11 a s u r t - C'aus. f. of usur-. Survives only(?)
Psiirtip 'hcinp intoxicatcd by the joys ,of n NE Bar. azrrt- R J 561): Xak. X I asurtjiu:
independence and maturity' (committed prrc- b t a[-'a!ris 'snuff' KO$. 111 442; n.m.e.
vous sins) TT I V 4. 4 and note (tentative rc-
construction of the tcxt in one RIS.): Civ. (if D e s u r t - Caus. f. rif esur-, 'to intoxicate
one puts dried partridge's splecn in wine or (someone Acc.)'. S.i.rn.m.1.g. Xak. XI siiqig
bccr, however much a mnn drinks) esilrmez anr: esiirtti: 'the wine intoxicated him'
'he does not get intoxicated' H I s 3 : Xak. xr (asknmhri) Kay. I11427 (esiirtiir, esiirtme:k)
K B (how many things that ought to be done KB e s u r t m e s i i d a w l a t sen1 'do not let
remain undone when a man drinks wine) uood fortune intoxicate you' 6137; a.0. 6143:
neqe k l l m a g u ig esiirse k e l u r 'how many Xwar. XIV iisriit- (sic?) ditto MN 218;
things that ought not to be done are done if esiirt- AraTohc. 363, 2: Kom. xrv 'to intoxicate'
he is drunk' zror ; o.o. 2102,61~o(axsumla:-), e s l r t - CCG; Gr. c)+ (quotn.): O s m . s v and
6142: X I V Mtth. sakira 'to be, or become, xvi esrit- (sic) ditto T T S I11 269; I V 311.
drunk' e s r l - (sic) Mrl. 27, 5; esrii- Rif. I 10;
nl-sakr esri:mek 37, 1 2 (mis-spelt -mak); 123 D isirt- Caus. f. of i s i r - ; 'to make, or let
(mis-spelt emrimnk): Gag. xv ff. usiirgen(sic) (someone Dat.) bite (something Acc.)'. Sur-
mast olan 'being drunk' Vel. 107 (quotn.); vives only(?) in NE Khak., Tuv. lzlrt-; S W
Usrii- (so spelt) mast fudan u7amasti kardarr; Osm. ~ s i r t - . Xak. XI 01 a n a r etme:k
also spelt esrl-, hut as 'drunk' is iisruk the Islrtti: 'he made him hite (a'addahtr) the
first is more correct San. 74v. 7 (quntns.): bread' (etc.); also used of anyone who makes
Xw-ar. xrv esri-lesrii- 'to be, or become, someone bite something Kay. 111 428 sir-
drunk' Qtrtb 22: K o m . xrv 'to be drunk' esir- tu:r, 1s1rtma:k).
CCG; Gr. 94 (quotn.): KIP. xrv esri- sakirn
Id. 13: xv sakirn esir- Ttth. 20a. 8: Osrn. D ~ s r r l - Pass. f. of islr- 'to be bitten'.
X I V ff..eslr-lesrl- 'to be drunk'; metaph. 'to Survives only(?) in SW Osm. Xak. xr
 D I S . V. :ISR-
etme:k ~ s r l l d ~'the
: hread (etc.) uas bitten' I> e s i r g e n ~ s i zI'riv. N.iA, fr. an unrccordcd
('rrddn) Koj. I 247 ( ~ s r l l u r .1srrlma:k). 1)er. N. fr. e s i r g e n - ; 'unst~ntirlg'. N.n.a.b.
Uyg. vrlrff. Alan. e s i r g e n ~ s i x i n iileyii
L) r s r l n - RcH. f. of l s i r - ; sr~rvivesonly(?) in yarllkatlgrz 'you have dc~gnedto distrlbtrte
h'E Khak., Tuv. Izlrln- 'toclench one's teeth', trnstintin~ly' TT I11 109: Bud. (giving)
ett., and N C Klr. Izlrrn- 'to fly into a violent e s i r g c n q s i z kiigiilin 'with an u n s t i n t i n ~
rape', S a k . X I e r lsrlndl: iklo'nzza'l-racrrf mind' U IiI I I , 1 5 ; 45. 1 9 ; a.0. S I I ~ 169, ~.
grr?nhn(n) 'old f n j ' 'the man flew inlo a violent 1 3 -14 (okunqsiz).
raRe ahout something'; its origin (nrlulru) is a
cairliflower (01-qrrnnabi/) or similar vegetable, 1) esrigii: I)en.(?) N.,,I. fr. e s r i : and syn. w.
which, if it is cnoked and then before it is that word. I'ec. to U ~ K Uyg. . V I I I ff. Bud.
finished cooking (cold) water is poured on it, e s r i g u ogliig y a v l a k iirt y a l m 'a ficrcc
turns hard and cannot he cooked, so also a parti-colourcd flame (I lend.)' U I V 40, 158-9;
niild-mannered man, when he becomes e s r i g u kiirkle t a g s e g i r l i g y b r o r u n 'a
violcnt (istaddo), dncs the same h'nj. I 251 place (Flcnd.) with varieg:~tcd beautiful
( r s n n u r , 1sr1nma:k). mnuntnlns and pn).ject~ngrocks' 7 ' 1 ~3ra. 5-6;
o.o. ( I 1 3 0 . 7 (tilistr;lnclatcd); Siro. 71, 19.
1) a s r u g - llap. lcp.; Conipct. f. of a s u r - .
S n k . X I ikkl: e r asrugdl: 'the t\\-o men
sneezed together Itn'cQura) to see u hich could T r i s . V. A S R -
sneeze no st' Kny. I 234 ( a s r u g u r , a s r u g - 1) esirge:- [)en. V.(?) I)ut not sefnantically
ma:k). conriccted \vith any known word *es; the hasic
meanlng was apparently 'to regret' which
I) IsrlS- Recip. f. of l s l r - ; 'to bite each other'. evolved in two opposite dircctions; (1) 'to bc
Survives only(?) in N E Tuv. izrrlq-. Xak. sorry for (surnrone)'; (2) 'to regret parting with
XI ikkl: acigtr birle: I s r q t t : 'the two stallions (something); to grudge'. Survives in NC Klr.,
bit each other' (to'ddda); also used for helping Kzx., and SW Osrn. UyR. V I I I ff. Bud. y i r r g
and competing Kaf. I 234 (lsri$u:r, lsrq-
ma:k); a.o. 1 2 8 5 , 14.
-- -
t a n l a v u e s i r g e v u ~-k l a v u'adniirine the sonr.
. - . - him and wceninr' ~ ~ ' ' 7 1 .7-4:~...
nttvrnn
I) osruv- tiap. leg.; Conipet. f. of o s u r - . k a k . ,I o l esirge:di: ne:&i: tnlro~.s~m';olt
Xak. X I ola:r ikki: nsrugdr: 'those tnru coni- fop~~ti'l-,r~q~' 7cn trr'nssafrr 'hc rewetted the loss
peted in hreaking wind' [.fi'l-irrdri~lr)k*q. I of thc thing and was distrcsscd' Kaj. I 306
234 (osruSur, osru$ma:k). (esirgc:r esirge:me:k): ($5 s v fT. Csirge-
dirfzj d i j t o ~ r'to prudqc, withhold' S a ~ r .ro3r.
16 (cluc>tt~s.):X w a r , srv e s i r g e - 'tn pity
l'ris. ASR (sonieoric Arc.)' Qlrrh 22: K o m . s ~ vditto
I'l11) nsrrtku: Hap. leg.; this ~ v o r doccurs in (;(,(
';; Gr. 94 (quotn.): K i p . s ~ ve s i r g e -
a section containing trisyllahles end in^ in a m!iir,i,~n'to pity' td. 13: s v ditto 7'rrlr. 1711. 3 :
long vo~rel,fnlln~viti~ n s u r t g u : and a g a r t g u : Osm. srv ff. c s i r g v - 'tr~pity'; c.i.0.p.; the
\vhich are headed hy the Ictter -G-and pre- second transl;ltion 'to protect' is lcss common
r c d ~ n ge m i r c g c : which is hcaded hy the letter 7'1's I 278; 11 400; 111 266; I V 310; X V I I I
-K- or -G- (krif); it is itself headed by the after CaR. entry; and in R l i ~ ~ m!rm ri knrdort
lcttpr -K- (qij), the spelling in the hlS. Snn. 1o3r. 16.
a s l r t g u k is thcrefnre obviously wrong and
must he corrected to n s ~ r t k u : . 'l'here is a D e s i r g e n - Refl. f. of cs1rgc:-; survives onlv
fnflrn over the alif, hut no vowel sign on the ( ? ) in S\\' 0 ~ 1 1 1 .T i i r k i i V I I I ff. Man. nl 111
second syllable. h,lorphologically the word is 21, 3 (i) (a&:): X a k . X I o l tava:rlga: e s i r -
obscure; -ku: is a very unusual variant of the gendi: to'assofn 'old &/rcib >niliki 'be I-e-
cnmnion si~ffix-Eu:and there is no semantic grettcd the loss of his property' Knp. I 291
connection bet\\-een the {vord and any known (esirgenu:r, esir8enme:k).
verb of suitable form. X a k . X I 01-racrrlrr'l-
D i s i r k e n - Rcfl. Dcv. 1
:fo!inrr'l-rrrrrfa'liqiI, 'a clel-cr, intellipcnt man' is . fr. hi:-; 'to come
'
called (earlier) a s l r t k u : e r K-a& I11 442. out in hcat spots'. Survives in N E Khak.,
'Tuv. i z i r g e n - 'to feel hot'. UyR. vru ff. Civ.
L) nsurtku: See a s u r t - . u z a t l kur1ma:k isirke:nme:k bu:gma:kllk
b o l o r 'there is a prolonged fceling of being
I? n s m : k ~ : N.1A.S. fr. RSrD:; lit. 'sit~latcd parchcd, a heat rash and irritability' T7' YIII
hclo\~'. N.0.a.h. Xnk. X I K B y e m e e d g u 1.6: X a k . SI a n l g b a q ~ :isirkendi: xaracat
t u t g t l elig a s r z k l g 'AIorcovcr treat the mitt ra'silzi hrrlrir hi-frarira li-[ril tarki'l-halq
people under your control well' (give them 'hrat spots came out on his head hccause he
fnod and drink, and provide clothina for theni) had failed to sham it for n long time' h-ng. I
4527: srv ~Mcrh.arcroal nmis 'the day before 290 (isirkenii:r, islrkenme:k): Gag. xv f i .
yesterday' 1sra:gl: ku:n ilfel. 80, 5 (so vocal- ~ s t r g a n - m a k'to blush for shame' Vel. 58
ized); Rif. 185 (unvocalized): Klp. xi11 aweuol (supported by a quotn. containing rslrgan-
omis asra:gu: (sic) kiin Hou. 28, 12: XIV d l r d ~ (his boundless favours) 'made him
ditto yasragr: (unvocalizcd, ?for 1:sragl:) blush').
kiin Brrl. 13, 7 (and see asra:): O s m . xrv to
xvl a s r a g 1 'the (day!night) before last' in D esri:le:- IIap. leg.; J k n . V. fr. esri:. Xak.
several texts TTS 11 6 0 ; I11 42; 1V 44. XI 01 kidizni: esri:le:di: noqa$o'l-lihd rua
tcasd 'alayhi ha-lazcni'l-namir 'he embroidered 'rris. A S 2
the felt with a pattern likc the colours of a U isizlik A.N. fr. isi:z; 'hadness, wickedness'.
leopard' Kay. I 316 (esri:le:r, esri:le:me:k). Pec. to Xak.; NC 1<1r. e:sizdik and SW
Osm. Isizlik/tsstzltk'an uninhabited, desolate
Dis. V. AS$- place' are not connected but are crases of
idisizlik, see ldisiz. Xak. X I isizlik a[-~arr
D a s q - Hap. leg.; Co-op. f. of a s - . Xak. XI
'wickedness' Kaj. I 152; three 0.0. K B isizlik
o l m a g a : e t a s t q d ~ 'he
: helped me to hang(fi uyuz o l 'wickedness is worthless' 901 ; a.o.o.
ta'liq) the meat on a stake' Kay. I I 84 (ast$u:r,
astpma:k).
Tris. V. ASZ-
D esig- I-Iap. leg. ; Co-op. f. of 2 es-. Xak. xi D isizlen- Hap. leg.; Refl. Den. V. fr.
o l m a g a : y t p esigdi: 'he helped me to stretch isi:z. Xak. X I o:gla:n isizlendi: 'the boy
( j i madd) the cord'; also used for conlpetlng was unruly ('amma)' Kaj. I 293 (isizlenlir,
Kas. I 185 (esi$ii:r, esi$me;k; sic in MS.). isiz1enme:k).
D isig- Hap. leg.; Co-op. f. of hi:-. Xak. XI Mon. A$
isigdi: ne:g 'the thing became hot (harm), in 1 a:? 'food' in a broad sense. S.i.a.m.1.g.; see
the sense that the heat penetrated (ta'addi) all Doerfer 11 481; from the medieval period
parts of it' Kaf. I 18s (isigii:r, isi$me:k; sic onwards liable to be confused with Persian
in MS.). d~ 'soup, porridge'. Tiirkli vrrr ff. tta:t~gllg
T r i s . ASY a:$ 'savoury food' Toyok 111 ~ r 6-7 . ( E T Y II
178): Man. a$ i$kii 'food and drink' Chuas.
S osa:yuk See osa:iiuk. 56; Sziit agtga 'for the meal (dedicated to)
the spirits' T T I I 10, 76: Uyg. VIII ff. Man.-
Dis. A S 2 A a s (sic) i$kii M I 16, 2 and 6; m e g i n a y n
'their bird-seed and food' do. 36, 6: Bud. a $
V U e ~ s i zon Exclamation, 'alas'; n.0.a.b. 'food' is very common, e.g. Suv. 168, 23
Xak. xr essiz kalirna talahhuf 'a word ex- (adut); PP 19, 6 ; 28. 3; Iiuerl-ts. 169, etc.:
pressing sorrow', like yciasaji 'alas'; hence pne Civ. ag 'food' is common in T T VII, H 11,
says essiz antg yigitliki: yd lal~fci ald and USp.: Xak. X I a:$ a/-ta'im 'food' Kay. I
yobcibihi 'alas for his youth' Kay. I 143; 0.0. 80; and many 0.0.. usually spelt ag: K B t o n
I1 188, 12; I11 51 (yigitlik): xlv M~iltA.a/-asnf a $ 'clothing and food' 321; 0.0. 1054, 4587.
6siz (mis-spclt 6:ser) Mcl. 83, 9 ; Rij. 189: etc.: ~ I I I ( ?AI.
) $arPb a $ 'drink and food'
(Gag. xv ff.(?) the word is listed three times in 297; a.0. 329: Tef. ag 'food' 66: xrv Muh.
$S;(I) e s s l r i~ayf,afs~is'alas' 12;e s b i r (sic, 01-ta'dm ap Mcl. 41, 1 4 ; Rij. 132. 164: Gag.
nn ol,vioir error) d ~ t t o13; 6siz ditto (also xv ff. a p fa'6m Sun. 41 v. 22: Xwar. XIII(?)
'sleep, dream') 51, the first and last illustrated y i g e t ag s i i r m e ( s o r m a ) 'raw meat, food,
by quntrains of unknown authorship and and wine' 02. 10: XIV ag 'food' Qutb 13; M N
date). ro; Nahc. 28, 13-14: Kom. xrv 'food' ag
CCI, C C G ; Gr. 43 (quotns.): Ktp. X I I I al-
PU(?L)) isi:z/issiz 'evil, bad', and the like. -taeZrn a $ ; and you say to someone who has
N.0.a.b. T i i r k u virr ff. b6tge:qi: isi:z yav1:z eaten and drunk a$ bolsun, that is gakrin
k u l 'the scribe, (your) bad, useless servant' fihha 'good health' Hotc. 15, 13: xrv a$
Ttm. I V 10-11 ( E T Y I1 96): Uyg. vrrlff. al-fa'im imd. 14; al-tabix 'cooked food' ag Bul.
Man.-A isiz kergeksiz yanyalaglar 'had 7, 15: xv 01-ta'dm a$ Kav. 15, 19; 31, 3; Tuh.
and useless ones, may you be crushed' M I 9,
12: Bud. isiz yavlz (gap) U I1 23, 23-4: 23b. 10; tilzhato(n) a$ bolsun do. 22b. 4:
O s m . XIV ff. ag 'food'; c.i.a.p. TTS 1 4 8 ; I1
Xak. xr is1:z (in a section headed fa'iliJaeril) 63 ; 11143 ; I V 46.
a/-o'ram mina'l-sibydn 'of a boy, unruly' Kay.
I 122; (in a section headed fa"81) al-waqihrc'l- 2 a:$ Hap. leg.; but see 2 a$la:-. Xak. X I
-~ad~i6rrr'l-xnli'ti'l-'id~i~'l-garrir'an impudent, (after 1 a:$) and ru'batu'l-in5 'the repair of a
perfidious man who has thrown off all shame vessel' is called a$ (sic); hence one says a y a k
and is very wicked' is called issiz kigi:; the agla: 'repair the goblet' Kay. 180.
double -8s- connotes excess (a/-mubdata) I
142; eclgli: i:si:z k a t m a : ~'good and bad 8:g primarily 'companion, comrade', with
(a[-md') don't mix' I 386, 24; a.n. I1 117 some special applications like 'spouse' (wife
(ttltk-): K B edgii isiz 235; 246 (attk-) and or husband) and 'one's equal', i.e. someone of
many 0.0.: XIII(?)At. isiz (sometimes spelt the same rank, quality, etc. as oneself. T h e
esiz) 'bad' is common; Tef. esiz (sic?) 'had; theory that the Suff. of the N. of Association
hann' 84. -da:$/-de:g is a crasis of -da:/-de: &$ is
plausible. Like many short words, hard to
D u:su:z Priv. N./A. fr. u:; 'sleepless'. identify but prob. s.i.a.m.l.g. Tlirkii (VIIIthe
N.0.a.b. Uyg. vlrrff. Civ. u s u z k i i q ~ t i z passages in which this word has been read are
bolur 'he cannot sleep and loses strength' better explained otherwise; bilig egi: and
T T VIII 1.5: Xak. X I u:su:z ki$i: 01-mqndin qav epi: in T 7; Ix. 17 as bilgesi: qavuqt:
'a sufferer from insomnia' Kaj. I 122: K B and ep eri: e r k i n in Ix. 21 as $iri: erkin):
2314 (.ugk). vrrr ff. Man. Chuas. 197-8 (adag): Uyg.
oganlnr zqo, 334 (r~f),335: CaR. xv ff. o$ pass over' a$- (in margin kec-) Rij. I Z Z
rsm-t rydra a word used to call attention' (only): Gag. sv ff. a$- (spelt) a z !taddgrt~ia~ton
(quotn.); also used for emphasis (birdyi wa ha-tacircrrz kardan 'to exceed, surpass'
mub5IaRa) before the Demonstrative Prons. San. 4 0 ~ .19 (quotns.): X w a r . xrrr a$- 'to
oqbu in 'this' and ogal dn 'that' Sort. 7 5 v 24; climb down' (sic?) 'Ali 39: X I V ag- '(of time)
o$ol/ogal 01 nrsrre ve 01 hitnrsne 'that thing or to pass; to pass (through something Abl.)'
person' Vel. 107-8; ogal (spelt) shortened Quth 13; 'to outstrip' MN 69, etc.: K o m . X I V
and corrupt fonn of og 01 dn San. 75v 'to pass over' a$- C C G ; Cr.: KIP. xrv ag-
28 (quotns.); ogol i n . do. 76r. 7 (quotns.); b d d i ruin nrawdi*murtafi' 'to pass over a high
oganqa do. 76r. 2; ogandak do. 76r. 3; ogbu place' fd. 14: xv cdza ag- Tuh. ~ z a 7. ; 'add5
in do. 76r. 4; ogmunqa do. 76r. 6 : Xwar. a$- do. ash. 13: O s m . xlv and xv ag- 'to
XIII(?)ogol and ogbu are common i r i 0g. and overflow' TXS 11 64; xvr 'to cross' I V 47;
ogu and 701 occur once each: X I V o$ e m d i 'now xv111 a$- (after Gag.) and, in RCmi, curlan
at once' Qutb 120; og 'see' MN 37, etc. ; Nahc. nor-i wuhlij rua fuytir Bar mida wa crrft fudan
204, 9 ; ogol and o$bu ape common Qutb 'of male animals and birds, to mount the
120: KIP. X I V o$ ('with back vowel') hd'u'- female and copulate' San. 40v. 19 (also T T S
llati li'l-tanbih 'an exclamation to call atten- 1 s t ; 1164).
tion' Id. 14; hd httwa d5 'hi therel' oglogta,
like the Ar. tanruin (as in example quoted); 2 a$- 'to enlarge, increase (something Acc.)'.
also in the meaning a-'indak fi'l-istifhim Pec. to Uyg.; has sometimes been transcribed
'do you understand?' Bul. 15, 15: xv harfir'l- a s - , but the spelling in T T VIIl and (for
-tanbih o:g Kav. 73, 4: O s m . og as an excla- agil-) in Man. Syriac script is conclusively
niation is common fr. xrv to xvr TTS I 749; against this. Uyg. vrlr ff. Bud. kaoLlUn
11957; 111735; I V 807 (transcribed ii0; go1 p r e k l n b u y a n edgii klllnqka iiklittl agtl
existed fr. xrv to svrr, Plur. $ u l a r till x v ~ he enlarged (Hend.) his mind and heart by
q u n l a r 'thereafter' I 665 ff. ; I1 866 ff.; III virtue arid good deeds' U I V 22, 269 ff,; k ~ t
656 ff.; I V 724 ff.; ogbu occurred fr. xrv to aggali s a k l n s a r 'if he thinks of increasing the
xvr and lgbu fr. xrv onwards (but apparent favourof heaven (to himself)' T T V8, 70; (in a
early examples tnay be due to later scribes); damaged passage) a:ga yCg 'more and better'
ogbula 'thus', ogbunqa 'so much' are noted T7' VIII N.6; 0.0. Stru. 136, 20 (iiklit-); 266,
in xrv 1392, 750; I1 958; 111736; I V 808. 6-8 (iiste:-).
VU 2 og an Exclamation used to call or drive eg- Preliminary note. Kag. giues tmo meanings
animals; Survives in NC IGr. o$/ii$$, SW 'to amble' and 'to pour (a dry substance)'; his
Osm. og/ug/ogt/ugta snd prob. elsewhere. third meaning seems to belong to 1 a:+-. I n the
X a k . X I o$ og an Exclanlation with which medieval period two more meanings appeared, ' t o
cattle are called (ytrb;rd) to drink Kaj. 136. twist', which seems to represent a Sec. f. of
VU 3 O$ flap. leg. Xak. XI og 'the heart, 2 es-, q.u., and 'to dig, or row', which seems to
centre (qalb) of a tree-trunk, branch or horn'; belong to an old verb fortuitofuly irot noted in the
hence one says miigUz 091: 'the core (qalb) of earlier period.
a horn'; and the tail bone ('asihu'l-&nah) of n
horse or bird is called og Kaj. 136. 1 e$- 'to amble'; survives only, with slightly
altered meaning 'to run, hurry', in S l y Osm.
Mon. V. AS- Tiirkii vrrr ff. (I a m the Road (or Spring?)
God with the dappled horse) y a n : n kbqe:
1 a:$- 'to cross (a mountain, etc. Acc., later egii:rmen 'early and late I amble along' I r k B
Abl.)', as opposed to keq- 'to cross (a river, 2: Xak. xr atlrg egdi: xabba'l-jdris wa
etc.)'; also Intrans., e.g. of time, 'to pass'. rakada 'the horseman ambled (Hend.)' Kay.
Similar in some meanings to 1a:g- but without I 166 (ege:r, egme:k): x ~ vMuh.(?) qarcqaza
the implication of rising iniplicit in that word. (corrupt; Iqaza'a) tua harwala 'to move fast,
S.i.a.m.1.g. Tiirkti vrrr K o g m e n aga: 'cross-
ing the K6gmen mountains' I E 17, 11E 15;
to amble' P$- Rif. 114 (only): Ktp. XIII
('food' a*) and the same word (in fact e$)
0.0. I E 21; 1 1E 27; T 26, 35, 37: Uyg. VIII
k a r a : k u m agml$ 'having crossed the Black is used when you order someone to hurry
(yasriq) his horse or baggage animal Hou. r 5,
Sand (desert)' $u. N 8: vrrr ff. Fiv. a$ayln 14; sir bi'l-dihba 'travel on horseback' eggil do.
tbsersen Cdlz t u r u r 'if you say I will cross 40, 19: O s m . X I V ff. eg- 'to ar~ible';less pre-
it", it is(too) high' T7'147: Xak. 01 ta:g a:$tl: cisely 'to hurry (on horseback)'; c.i.a.p. T T S
'he crosscd (crituaza) the mauntain' (etc.) I 283; II 405; III 269; 11' 313.
Kaj. I 173 (a:$a:r, a:gma:k); 0.0. I 123, 21
(nrpa:slz); 111 261, 7; it is also likely that a 2 e$- 'to pour (a dry substance Arc.)'. Per-
phr., which is out of place in a para., translstin~ haps survives in NE Khak. &- (of a cow) 'to
1, 2 e$-, belongs here; kayna:r egiq egdi: yield milk' Bas. 64. Xak. XI 01 kaylrnl: egdi:
( tread aqdl:) galati'l-qidr galayin 'the cooking ahdla'l-ram1 'he poured the sand'; also used
pot boiled over' I 166, 13: xlrr(?) Tef. a$- 'to for pouring flour into a sack and the like Kaj. I
rise (to heaven); to pass through; (of water) 166 (ege:r, egme:k).
to overflow (the brim Abl.)' 66: x ~ vRbg.
a$- 'to climb ontq (something iize)',R I 586 3 e$- 'to dig; to row (i.e. dig water)'; not
(quotn.); Muh.0) abara wa c5waza to cross, ' recorded before the medieval period, but no
doubt existed earlier. S.i.a.m.1.a. for 'to row' this name KO$. 1 I 1 7 ; ahout a d m e n o.o., all
except in S W and for 'to dis' only in N1.l 'I'uv. translated 01-nmr'n; exactly syn. w. ura:gut,
and SW Osm.; in the latter it connotes less but the latter is five tirnes as common: xlv
vigoroup digging than kaz-. c;a& xv ff. Qg- Mah ( ? ) a/-mnr'a igler Rif. 138 (in margin,
. . . ( 2 ) zamin-ra ha'rzidnn 'to d ~ the
g ground', ebqi: in text), 151 (Mel. e b q ~ in
: both places).
in Ar. tnnqir Son. 104v. 26: K o m . X I V 'to row'
eg- CCC; Gr.: O s m . svrr e$- 'to dig' T T S Dis. V . A$A-
1140.5. I> aga:- Dcn. V. fr. 1 a:$; properly 'to eat' in
?S4 eg- See 2 es-. a physical sense; sometimes metaph. 'to cat
rip, destroy' or 'to etijoy, experience (some-
*I$- (or *yl$- ?) See 1~11-. thing)'. S.i.a.rn.l.g. Cf. ye:-. Tiirkil V I I I ff.
(or, if it is snvoury food) a:pa:yl:n 'may I eat
1 iig- 'to crowd together, collect in a crowd'. it' Toyok III lr. 7 ( E T Y 11 179): Man.
Survives onl?-(?) in S\V Osm. US-. Tkm. kiinke n g a d u k u t n u z bQ$ t e r ~ r ly a r u k l 'the
iiyg-. Cf. a:v-. Xak. sl etme:kke: t e l i m light of tlie five gotls which we have enjoyed
klgl: iipdi: 'many people crowded together daily' Chuas. 100-1: Uyg. vnr ff. Bud.
(izdnhoma) to get bread' Koy. I 166 (iipe:r, kkrtgiinq erse; n o m l u g t a t ~ g t ga g a g u l u k
ii$me:k): X w a r , srrr iig- 'to assemble' 'Ali Qlig e r u r 'as for faith, it is the hand with
$6: Klp. srv iigtiler icfamn'ri ncn 'ndammti which one consumes the sweet (food) of
'old yay' 'they assembled arid collected round the doctrine' TT V 22, 45; 0.0. PI' 50, 3-5
something' Id. 14: O s m . xvrrr US- (sic; Red. ( u p u g ) ; T T V 24, 53 (ye- aga-); Suv. 529,
describes this form as 'vulgar') in Rlimi, az 13 (ditto); in Buddhist terminology the
a f r i jhriciim hnrdan rca yak-cti cam' karrlan 'to skondlra of vra'atrd 'perception', usually trans-
crowd together from all sides and assemble in lated t e g l r ~ m e k , is sometimes translated
one place' San. 75v. 20. a v a m a k T T VI, p. 66, note 157: Xak. XI er
ng apa:tll: 'the man eat (ahala) the foud';
2 iig- 'to perforate, cut a hole in (something the Xiikdni 'I'urks use this word only of the
Ace.)'. Sunrives only(?) in N C I<rr. iigii- 'to nobility (01-rrk(ibi~n),but other Turks use it
bore with an awl' and SW xx Anat. US- 'to indiscrimir~ntely Kny. III 253 (aga:r, aV:-
hollow out' S D D I J ~ O . but the N.1. 'awl, m a : k ) ; it is pointed out in III 261, 7-11 that
auger', iiggii: tirst noted in Klp., Horc. 23, aga:r is the Aor. of both 1 a:s- and npa:-:
15; 7'rrh. 34a. 4 survives in several SE. NC, K H sevlnqin avlnqtn kuvenqln 611 a $ a s u
and NIL' lanpuages. Cf. uge:-, 1 ot-, UP. 'tnay he enjoy his realm in joy, happiness and
Xnk. X I ol o k ugdi: 'hc notched (logoha) the pride' 123; 0.0. 836. 1480: Cng. xv lT, aga-
arrow (etc.) with a tool' (hi'l-~rri~qab) Kaf. I 1 6 6 (spelt) srcurdan nun rijdmidn~l'to eat and drink'
(iige:r, u$me:k). Sun. 41'. 14: X w a r . SIII(?) a$a- iq- 'to eat
and drink' Og. 94, 364: srv aga- Qtilb 13,
Dls. ASA AliV 96: K o m . x ~ v'to cat' a g a - C(:l; Gr.:
avu: 'red ochre'. Sunives only in SW Osm. KIP. xrrr ahnla- (ye:- and) ava- IIotr. 43, 9.
n g ~ l n g u ss
; Anat. agllagulagur S D D 121-3.
Xak. SI ngu: al-ntajro mn hrrnca'l-tinrr'l-ahtnar egii:- 'to cover, envelop'. Pec. to Xak. Xak.
'red ochre', that is red clay KT. 1 8 9 . xr 01 srJ;%:r yokurka:n e$u:dl: daj!nrahu
bi'l-diliir ' h r wrapped him in a blanket', or
V U ? U i ~ i 'lady',
: the feminine counterpart of xnythiriq (clsc) that covered (Hend.) him ,
b e g ; the Sing. occurs only in Uyk. and appa- (sntnra alnyhi wa pattcihu) K a f . III 253
rently only in association with b e g ; igle:r, (egii:r, egii:me:k); eguk al-di!dr is derived
which is said by Ka?. to he an abbreviated from epii:rli: rlrrjora 'alnyhi I 14, 18: KB
Plur., survived rather longer. I t may well be ijliim y e r k e k o m d i egiidl y e r i g 'death
that the Sing. f. is Q:g with a Pass. Suff. 'his huried him in the earth and covered hinl with
consort', and that tlie Plur. is merely an hono- enrtll' 52 12.
rific I'lur. of that word, but if so it is odd that
f i r . did not s~zggcstthis. See Doerjer 11 645. S u$a:- See uv$a:-.
[ l y e . vrrr ff. Ilud. (various gods will protect) ii9e:- 'to scrape'. Sur\ives only(?) in N E 'l'uv.
elig x a n ~ gb e g l g i$ig b o d u n u g k a r a g 'the uje-. Cf. 2 US-. X a k . sr 01 ye:rig iige:dl:
realm, the monarch, the beg and his lady, and 'he s c ~ ~ p (bn!ro!d) ed the rround (etc.) search-
the common people (Herid.)' Strv. 192, 8-9; ing for something' Kaf. I11 253 (ii~e:'.
0.0. (10. 192, 19-20; 194,'i-8; T T V I I 40, iige:me:k).
51, and 75: Ciu. (if anyone makes a claim,
in\.oking the authority of) e r k l i g b e g 191 elqi iipi:- 'to be vcry cold, to shiver with cold':
yalavaq 'the responsible (district) governor, used only of animate heings, not inanimate
his lady and the envuys (of the central govem- objects, but contrast tigut-. S i.a.n~.l.g.except
rnent?)' USp. 13, 13; 16, 18; 0.0. of b e g ipi SC. X a k , st e r iigi:di: lragirn'l-rnctil mina'l-
7'T I 109, 168; T T V I I 19, I I ; US?. 77, I;: bard 'the man fainted with cold' Kaj. III 254
107, I.+ etc.: Xak. X I 1$le:r 01-mar'a woman , (ii$i:r, ug1:me:k); 0.0. I 463, 12 (emrig-);
originally Igi:le:r, that is al-sa>g.vidGt ntina'l- I1 137, 8 (iiq1yu:r tncia'rr'l-qirrr 'he gets
-nisri' 'well-born ladies', the -i:- \\,as elided chilled'): K o m . x ~ v'tc~be frozen' iigi- (Aor.
because the word is used SO much; there is a iigiir) (:(:I, CCC; C;).: KIP. xrrr bnradn
long story (qis~atazeila) about t h e origin of tni~ra'l-ha~d'to be cold' ~ $ 1 : - tiutr. 36, 13:
 D I S . V. A S D - 257

xlv bnrada UqU- (sic) Dlrl. 36r.: xv gay' hdrid T r l s . V. A$C-

iigemek (sic) 7'uh. 7a. 10; bnrnda minn'l-~itli' 1) egiqlen- flap. leg.; Refl. 1)en. V. fr. C g i ~ .
'to be cold because of the winter' iigLI- do; x a k . er eglqlen,jl: man had a cooking
Ra. 10; ~aqi'a (mis-spelt saqi'a) 'to he cold (qidr) K ~ SI. 291 (egiqleniir, egiqlen-
U$U- do. zoa. ro. me:k).

Dl*. A$B Dis. A$D

C ogbu: See 1 09. VU agtal IIap. leg. Xak. X I agtal ogul
a of a:g and an u n - 'ucza waladi'l-racul 'a man's youngest son'
identified second component. Pec. to Kof. Kaf' I Io5'
Xak. X I agba:r (a word) 'used when straw F u q t m a x I . - ~ . fr. sogdian
and I1rar1 are rnoistencd and mixed and fed to 'ruftnry, same sound and meaning. Not noted
a horse' Kn?. 1 I 17; LO. I1 51, 21 (YklI'it-).
2. in Uye. hut adopted at an early date hy hlos-
lem 'l'urks to translate Arabic canna 'paradise'.
T r i s . A$B T h e Sogdian form was rarely used; the word
P U F Igvara: undoubtedly a ~ , - w . discus- owing became corrupted to T m a k 1 presumably
to a false etymoloe;). fr. uq-. Survives
srd, with refs., in S. (;. Klyashtor- as w m a k in SE T'ar., Tiirki (Shae~., Jarring):
nyi, I)rm,reryl,rkskie rl,nichPshie pa,nsnrniki, NC Klr.; Kzx. (ujrnak) R I 1780; SC Uzb.
Moscow, 1964, p, rr3, note 179. Although
and OS1n' where i t was ohsolete
several scholars have proposed an Iranian (UqmOx) in X ~ Xbut has recently been revived in Rep.
origin, the most theory, Turkish. See Doerfer I1 423. Xak. X I u$ma:k
by the fact that there is a Plur. f. Igvaras, is 118 (verse); a,o, 111 374, 7:
a,-canna
that it is Sanskrit iicara 'lord, prince', oh- K B u g t m a x (Fergana MS.)lu$tmak (Cairo
tained through Tokharian in both dialects MS.)/uqmak (Vienna MS.) 63; in 3503, 3522
which it has been noted. Tiirkif vrrr lgvara: (evln), 3656 all h,lSS, have uCmak:
occurs only as a title in front of P.N.s; (VU) Tpf. uqtmax/u$mak 334-5: Rb8-uct-
Yamtar I E 33; Glkan Kfili: Gar Ix, 2 ,
m a k in one early MS., otherwise u q m a k R I
Bilge: KfilI: Is, $, 22, 24; Tamgar;
Car Yavgu: (spelt para) Ongin 4; Tamgan '73': uqma:k 44, 16;
,rarxanditto; Tarxan the ba,ba[ Rif. 138 (u9ma:k in margin): Gag. xv ff.
u c m a g l u c m a k bikift 'paradise'; also spelt
with Ongin (IITY I r30): Uyg v l l l with -q- Son. 65v. 7 (quotn.): Xwar. xrrr
I'lur. N. TII. S 2 (anqu:la:-). u T m a x 'Ali 37: xrv ditto Qurb 194; u q t m a x
do, 195 ; Nahc. 254, 13 ; 280, I I ; u q m a x MN
Dis. A$C 83, etc.: T k m . xrrr al-canna u$ma:k Hou.
Qqlq 'an (earthenware} cooking pot'; n.o.3.b. 8s 20: KIP. u q m a k al-canna fd. 8; Bu'.
Uyg. vrrr ff. Bud. egiqteki t e g 'like (an offer- 2 9 15: XV ditto Tub. 11% 8 etc.: KOm. 'para-
jng) in the cooking pot1 u 1x1 24, 8 (;); dise' uqrnak CCI, C C G ; Gr.: O s m . xlv ff.
Bgiqteki do. 44, 3 (i): Civ. (in a list of u ~ m a kcommon to xvr, sporadic thereafter
one cow) b i r 6 g i (one
~ leather bag. etc.) USp. T T S I 710; 11916; 1 x 1 695; I V 773.
55, 3; 6 s l ~ t eq o k u r a t ~ p'boiling in a cooking
pot' H 1 4 7 ; a.o.0. in H I, 11: Xak. XI egi$ Dis. V. ASD-
al-qidr 'an (earthenware) cooking pot' KO$. I D agat- taus, f. of aga:-; 'to feed (sonleone
52 ( P T O ~ .about
); 30 0.0. : X I V Mfdh.( ?) 01-qidr with something ~ ~ ~ ,s ). ~t .. ~ . ~ , in I.~.;
eglc Ril. 169 (Mel. ~ a m l e k ) (Gag. : xv ff.(?) sWonly xx S D 120. ~ uyg. vr,l fi,
eglq 'cooking pot' P.de C. 22 only). Bud. nog tat@@ ktigsiz meggii m e g i g
PU u g ~ q : Sce uslq. a g a t u r s t z 'you cause (us) to enjoy ambrosia
(I.-w.)-flavoured supramundane everlasting
D agqr: N.Ag. fr. 1 a:$; 'a cook'. Survives joy' Suo. 647, 4: Xak. XI 01 maga: a $ agattl:
only(?) in S W Osm. Uy& V I I I fE Bud. at'amani'l-fa'rirn 'he fed me'; most Turks use
Mlunki agql 'Mlunki the cook' U I I I 64, I the word only for feeding kings and noblemen,
and 18; 3.0. T T I.', p. 21, note 124, 3: Xak. but the Oguz use it for anvone; the example is
;ur KB 2557(idisqI:): xrv Rbt. a$ql . . . ayakqi Oguz Kng. I 210 (a$atur', asatma:k): Gag.
cook . . . cup-bearer' R I 6 0 5 (quotn.); Muh. xv ff. agat- Caus. f.; cEgdmidan ('to drink', but
!abbdx 'cook' a:$q~:Mel. 58, 3; Rif. 156. 'to feed' must be meant) San. 41r. 28: O g u z
XI see Xak.: O s m . xrv agat- to feed' once
D i:gqi: (?1:$$1:) N.Ag. fr. 1 i:g; 'workman'. TTS 1
S.i.a.m.l.~. except ,NC(?). Xak. xr tavra:k
I:gvt: 'dmil muni' a quick workman' Kaj. I 6gid- primarily 'to hear (something Acc.)' in
468, 25 ; n.m.e. : K B (if a leader of the people a physical sense, with some extended meanings,
is good) k a m u g edgil: boldr: a n i g l g ~ i s 'alli like 'to get news of (something Acc.)' and,
his workmen become good' 894; a.0. 4148: esp. in the Imperat., 'to listen'without specific
XIII(?)Tef.ditto 128: Gag. xv ff. i$ql (spelt) Object, although 'to listen' is properly figla:-.
f q i b - i k6r wa mubZjir-i kdr 'workman, fore- T h e variations in spelling at all periods, and
man' Sun. 106v. 12 (quotn.): K o m . xrv 'workr the position of the word after iiget- in Kaj.,
man: igql C C G ; Gr. point clearly to an original initial 6-. The
258 D I S . V.
second consonant 1s eonsistrntly -ti- in Runic I) i i ~ i i t -(iiglt-) Cac~s.f. of iiyi:-; 'to chill
script and thls - d - s ~ ~ r v i ~inc sthc mnrlerr~ (*,r~rlwr)nco r s o t i ~ e t h u ) ~ )u' ;n l ~ k c iig1:- also
OQuz languages in spcllinps like the l'ass. I., usctl o f inanimate objects. S.i.a.m.1.g. X a k .
Osm. igidfl-, Tkm. egidil-. It became -t- in xr 01 men!: t u m l l g k a : Ugiitti: arucarlnni'l-
Xak. and most modern languages; the Uyg. -qvrr 'he exposed me to the cold': and one say*
spellings are too ambiguous t o indicate where 01 siiqig usitti: (sic) 'lie exposed (tca&'n) the
and when the change occurred. S.i.a.m.1.g. wi~reto the cnld (li'l-hntd) until it was chilled'
with some changes, in N1; usunlly Pg-14s- (:ucrcndn'l-qrrrr): this is a kind 41f 1)evcrage Koj.
before consonants Pgt-lest- before vowels. I 2 1 I (iigiitiir, ii$iitme:k),
Tiirkii ~ I I Is n v l m l n tiiketi: e$i:dgll 'hear
niy words conlpletely' I S I , 111Xr r (epitl); 0.0.
I S 2, ro; E 12, 22; I1 E 18; N 8, r r ; TI^, 1) 1 evtiir- Ilnp. Icp.; Caus, f. of 2 e a - . Xnk.
15, etc.: V I I I ff. iize: tegri: egi:dti: 'heaven XI 01 k u m egtiirdl: 'lie ordered that the s n ~ ~ d
heard on high' IrkU 54, 60; e$id$i:ci:mi:z, shoultl hr pourrd' (bi-ihAlrrti'1-frrfrih);nlsn ured
no doubt tnis-spelltnp o r rnisrending of egid- of orderinp that flour should hc p r ) ~ ~ r citrto
d ;I
teqi:mi:z, 'our hearers' do. Postscript: Mon. s ~ c kIcng. I 2 2 2 (egturiir, egturtne:k).
k u l k a k l n egidip 'hraring with the ears'
Chrras. 313 (spelling clear): U y g . V I I I e g i d i p S 2 d v t u r - See P ~ i t l t i i r - .
IlI 2; Pgidip 111R 8 (ETY I1 37-8): Uud. in
T T V I I I A. and 0.the spelling is con- U i j ~ t i i r -Il;lp. leg.; Caw. f. of 2 iig- Xak.
sistently P ~ h l - , p n ~ h . pronounced Cghd-; S I 01 o k iigtiirdi: 'he R I I \ C orders for a notch
e$idte:qi t t n l ~ j i l a : r 'people who heard' do. to he cut (bi-!nqb rtr';) in an arrow'; also used
V I I I Il.10; egid- (or egit-?) is common else- for piercing a narrow (holc) (!oqh ~Iayiq)Kaf. I
where. e.g. b e g n l g c a t i k i n egldgeli 'in order 222 (iigtiiriir, ii$tiirme:k).
to hear the king's JBtaka story' U III 2 4 , 6 (ii),
but 6gid- occurs in PI'8.8; 15.7; 18, 8; U I V D e g t r u g - IIap. leg.; Ilccip, f. nf 2 egtiir-; 'to
28, 32, and both spellings occur in T T VI: makc one another Ilmr'. 'riirkii V I I I ff. Man.
Civ. egitip (?egidip) USp. 73, 7 : (0. K l r . TT I1 8, 56 (ngriinclen-).
1s ff. the readings of this word in Mol. 24, 2;
19, 4 and 6 are unconvincing): X a k . sr the Tris. ASD
main entry has fallen out of the MS. hut a D egidiit I tap. leg.; Active N..Ac. fr. 69id-.
prov., containing l i u l l ~ k egitse: 'if the ear U y & vrrr ff. Civ. l r a k t a s n v egidiiti edgti,
hears', follo\vs iiget-, tlie Aor. and Infin. of y a g u k t a k ~ ig hiitiiti edgii 'hearing news
nhich sernl to have becn altered froni egitiir, frorn nf;l~-1s good; completinp the task ne:rr
eg1tme:k: &$tiir sarni'at 'heard' 1 377, 14; at hand is good' 1'7' 1 I jy -40.
s6:zin e$it isranri' Roldr~folrtr 'listen to his
words' I J ~ Hy,; a,(>.I 508, 2 : K B egit/eaitgil 'Vris. V. ,\$I)-
'hear' (a wise saying) is common 233, 452, etc. ; D eqidil- I'ass. f., of Cgicl-; 'to I>c heard'.
egtlp 'hearing' 450: SIII(?) At. e$it-/Cgit- S.i.a.m.1.g.; in SIV Az., 'l'llm. e$idil-; Osnl.
is common; Tef. e$it- 87: xlv Allth. sat~ti'a ividil-, elsewhere 6sitil-/Q$til- o r the likc.
Q:git- file/. 27, 7 ; bgit- Rif. 110: Gag. xv ff. T u r k u V I I I ff. Alan. Af Ill 45, 4 (i) (ogiir):
& $ i t - ( - g a p , etc.) ifit- Ve/. 63; 6$it- sanida~i LJyg. vrrr ff. Nan.-A at1 P8lilmig 'his nariie
'to hear' Srm. 106r. 13 (cluotns.): X w a r . x111 !\as been hcard' nI 1 2 6 , 27: Uud. egtilme:di:
&$id- (Imperat. Pgit) 'Ali 5 , 7 : s l v @it- has not heen heard' 'l'T V I l l 11.10; egidil-
Qrrih 53; A f N 56, ete.; Nnlrr. 369, 2: K o m . m e d i U IJ,? 24, 316: Civ. (the sound of tlie
XI\, 'to henr' eplt- (once ivit-) C C I , CCG; conch) i i k u ~t11111Rlarka 4$idiliir 'is heard
Gr. 94 (quotn.): KIP. srrl snmi'n egit- (alif by marly nlortals' T T VZI 28, 31; egldiliir
unrocnlized) Ilotr. 33, 14: xrv &+it- snmi'a Id. 1'T 1 9 5 , 13J: X n k . X I bu: s6:z eglildl: 'this
14; ditto egit- (alij' unvocalizetl, e$id- before word (etc.) was heard' (nimi'n) K n f . 1 246
vowels) Brrl. 47v.: xv snmi'o &$it- Kml. 7, 14; (egtiliir, e$tiltne:k): XIII(?) Tef, egitll- 87:
33. 10; Tillr. zoa. lo. Gag. W I T . P$itil- (spelt) Pass. f . ; mnsi~rri'
D egiit- Calls. f. of e$ii:-; n.o.3.b. X a k . XI 01 glrtlun 'to be heard' Sfrn. 106r. 29 (quotn.).
m n g a : yogurka:n egiitti: 'he ordered sotne- S l g t o n l a n - See iqtonlnn-.
one to cover me (da!?ara 'nlnyya) with a
blanket'; also used for ordering someone to D Cgidtur- Caus. f. of &$id-; 'to make, o r let
cover (sc~tr)sonieone with something Kal. I (someone Daf.) hear (something Arc.); to
210 (egiitur, egiitme:k, corrected from inform (him) of (it)'. S.i.n.ni.l.g. U y g . V I I I ff.
-mn:k): Klp. xv gnbn 'to fold (a garment)' Chr. m a g a Qgidtiiriigler 'inform me' U I
e g i t m e k (mis-spelt -nrrik) Trth. 2611. 8. 6, 3: X a k . XI 01 m a g * edgii: s6:z erjtilrdl:
S ugat- See uvgat-. 'lie let me hear (nsma'ntli) the good news';
originally eglttiirdi: K q . I 221 ( e g a r i i r ,
1) iiget- Caus. f. of ii$e:- 'to hnsr (something) e$lUrme:k): KB (if he conies) Qgtiir m a r n
searched'. Survives only(?) in NE $or Sjet- 'inform me' 5022: ~ I I I ~ TTef. . egfttiir- 'to
I< I 1307; TUY. ujet-. Xnk. XI 01 a n l o e w l n i n f o r n ~(somec~ne Dot.) of (something Acc.)'
(.sic) iigettl: 'the man o~-ciercdsomeone t o 87: xlv nl1111. astnn'n 6gitdiir- A f i l . 22, 7 ;
search (bi-bn!~!) his house' &-of. 1 2 1r (tigetur, eg1tii:r- Ri/. 103: Gag. xv ff. 6gittiir- (spelt)
ii9etrne:k). C ~ L I Sf.; . $itt(ff~'~ifri(iut~
' t o muse to hear' Sot!.
 (pro\-.) yagr:nt: a$nkla:sa: haqka: $ ~ k a : r'if hal,it~rally atiihlcs'. S.i.:l.rn.l g. usu;~lly as
a rnan undercstimatcs his enemy, the lattcr e ~ ~ k l e g e in k , sornv h'l: dialccts e$tek. 'I'hc
comes out on top' KNJ. I 3 o j (no Aor. or parallel 1)cv. N. fr. 3 cg-, eggek, 'an oar'
Infin.). is nnt noted hcfore the mcdicval pcriod ((;ag., !
I < o n ~ .I<ip.),
, :lnd also s.i.tn.m.l.g., but usually
1) a?ukla:- f l a p . 1cp.i ])en. V. fr. Xak. as egkek or tlic like. Sce I)oerf?r 11 486, Uyg.
X I 01 ant: a $ u k l a : d ~ :'he hit hiill on the anklc'
(ko'h) KO?. 1 3 0 5 (a$ukla:r, a$ukla:ma:k).
v I I l if, nlall,-,i ,IT I 16, I - l 2 (kac): 13uL1,
e $ c e k k a r n r n d n 'in thc \vomh of a donkcv' I
I> ugak1n:- Den. \'. fr. ugnk (uvgak); 'to G'tlI 20, 21; a.0. Srtv. 341, 22: Civ. e ~ g e k
slander (someone Acc.)' and the Ilkc. S.i.s.m.l. t u s i n 'the h a ~ rof a dollkey' I i I 103-4; (orie
in this rneatiin~arid for 'to crush (something)'. cart, one cnw) ii$ Cgjick 'three donkeys' USp.
Xak. X I 01 menil) siiziimr~i: ugak1a:dr: 55, 2.5; e$ek ( s i c ) occllrs several tinlcs i l l USp.
qotto !~(rdi!i rcn rtnrri 'Iic falsificcl rn!. statcrnent ;, a I:~tctest: X n k . sr c ~ g e of-trirrr,ir
k 'clorikey'
i l l otlc r,f the two pn)r~unc~ntiotis r)f egye:k
and c~nhcllished ~t with lies' Kng. I f o r
(u$nkln:r, ugakln:mn:k). (sir); the -y- in t l ~ cI;~ttcris ctinngrd Iroln tlnr
o f the two rcpcatctl lcttcrs (Irnrf(r~i'l-ra~i~if) ;IS

Dis. E$G ~ ~ r c t r rins ,\r. (thrcr e x ; ~ r ~ ~ pquotrd,

lcs hut the
phonetic phcnotnenon iu quitc ditt'crent) Knp.
S egek Sce evgek. I I I I ; e$yek (sir) (11-lrirrr~ir;another pro-
Pgik 'threshuld'. S.i.a.tn.l.g., v i t h variations nunciation -is ey$ek h u t evyek is more ;or-
in the -$- (-j-, - z - , etc.) in NE, sometimes rcct (nffa!~) klo;. I I 1 4 ; spvlt e$ye:k in I 2 4 4
meaning 'dour'. See I)orrfrr 11 646. Uya. ( a r t l l - ) and tive n.u., and ege:k (?error for
V I I I ff. Civ. C ~ i k
'thrcshold' in an astrological e$ye:k) in 11 246, 9: srrr(?) 7Pf. eegeklegek
sense, common in 7'7' V I I 12 and 13: X a k . X I ditto 86-7: xrv M~rlr.al-!ritrrtir evek Mel. 70,
ermegii:ke Cglk a r t b o l u r 'to a lazy man 7 ; H i f . 171: F a g . xv ff. Cyek ('with -k-')
a threshold (01-'nmba) becomes (as steep as) e,wk Vpl. 62 (qitotn.): X w a r . xrv egek 'don-
a mountain pass' (01-'nqaho) Kay. I 42, 5 ; key' Qtrfb z z ; kgek 52: K o m . xrv 'donkey'
n.m.e.: K R (the tongue is a lion) Bgikte egek C C I , C C G ; Gr.: K l p . xrrr 01-lrilniir
y a t u r 'lying on the thrcshold' 164; (whoever egek IIotr. 12, 1 4 : xlv ditto fd. 14: xv ditto
came) o p t i Qligke 6gik 'kissed the king's Ka71.28, r r ; 3 1 , 7 ; 6 1 , 2 2 ; Trrlr. r f a . 4.
threshold' 451 : xrrr(?) Trf. 6$fk ditto 87: xrv ?F i5kiim Ifap. leg. ; prob. n I.-lv., ?Sogdian.
ol-'ofnha C:$I:k Aft-/. 76, 5 ; Rif. 179: Ca& Cf. tevsi:. Xak. X I igkiinl 'a tahle (1118'iiIo)
s v ti.B$ik Rrrprr 'door' Vrl. 63 (quotns.); Cgik in the shnpe of a largc dish (cnft~o)ilscd by
sB~tnrun rflrd 'house, palace' Son. 106v. 21 kings; it has no leps' (r/~rruci'int)Kog. I 107.
(quotns., the translations erroneous deductions
from the contexts): X w a r . urv Pyik in some D 1 eqgin 1)cv. N./A, fr. 1 e$-; i~sunlly'a trot,
contests, e . ~ P$tk
. b a g l a - clc:lrly ('to fasten) ntilblr; trotting, at~~liling'.S~urvivcsorily(?)
the door' in others perhaps 'thrcshold' Qutb 52; in N13 Ilnr. 1gki11 11 I 1556 irnd S W Ostn.
'threshold' h1N 38, etc.: K o m . xrv 'door' egkln. X a k . xr (aftcr 2 eggln) 7 0 0 yrrq(i1
egik C C I , CCG; Gr.: Ktp. X I I I al-biih 'door' li'l-snfari'l-)~rrr'dJ, arid 'a journey at high
(kapu:; and also) eqik that is ut-'otahaf~r'l- spccd' is called eggin IGg. I 109: Klp. xrrr
-Jonuqd 'a high threshold' Hotr. 6, 5 : x ~ vCyfk it1 Horr. 13, loft'. (a[-forasrr'l-mlrecdn 'an
'otabutrr'l-brib rcn ytrktr(i l~ilri'l-bdb'also used in ambling horse' yorga:) (11-forartr'l-!arr;q 'a
alluding to the door' ftl. 14: xv biib egik Kav. trotting(?) horse' e9gii:n (or ?egkii:n): Osm.
44, 13; 59, l o ; 'uroba P$ik Tub. zsb. 5. svr ff. erjkinlegkiin usually 'trotting' (Adj.),
in several trxts T T S 1 2 8 3 ; I1 504; I11 269;
D e$iik Conc. N. fr. egii:- 'blanket, covering', I V 313: xvrlr &$kin (spclt) in Rrimi, raftiir-i
etc. Silr\-ires in S W Tkin. egfk. X a k . X I osh 'the gait of a horse', arid n~etaph. arb-i
e$uk a/-dilrir 'hlankct'; eviik 'the word for sri~tc$riilr'a horse that goes well' Sun. 106\.. 19.
anything of brocade (nrinu'l-dil~dc) which is
sent to be laid on the gravcs of amirs and D 2 eggin Ilap. lea. ; I k v . N./A. (cf. 1 esgin)
liinrs n s a sirtn of reswct. :lnd is then latcr fr. 2 es-. X a k . X I esfiln... t o ~ r r i : k ol-rtrrcil~
divihed anlong the poor' KCIX. I 72; a.o. I 14, rcn'l-ror;rlrr'l-rm~lrcil,'cnrtli a n d s;lnd which is
18 (egii:-): KB gari'nt yiizlndin kCterdi poured out' KO$.I 109.
e ~ u 'he
k removed the veil from the face of the
sacred law' 54: X I V M~rh.(?! (in 3 list of soft Dis. V. ESG-
furnishings) (11-sitr 'curtain P:$ii:k Rif. 168
\"...,,.
fnnlrri 1 iiskiir- Intrans.. 'to whistle. hiss'. and
the like; Trans., 'to incite (someone, e t c . ' ~ c c . )
D iigik N.1A.S. fr. iiyi-; 'hard frost, frozen'. against (someone, etc. Dut.)'. Survives in NC
S.i.a.m.1.g. except S C ( ? ) ; in S W only in X s I<rr., Kzx. tigkiir- 'to whistle'; NW Kaz.
Anat. SDD 1439. Xak. X I ugik 'the cold'(a1- iigkiir- 'to spit' (in tnagical ceremonies) R I
-hard) which scorches (yrrlrriq) the fruit and
prevents it from forming KO$. I 72.
1351 ; SW Osm. e$kir- 'to excite, incite' Red.
122 (SIJII ~ c esr2er-).
7 but in most NC. SC.
.??
D iiggii: Sec 2 US-. SW 'languaiA ;' \i.h;stle1 is ~ $ k r r - k a k :
X I ol l t l g keyfkke: iigkiirdi: ug'rd'l-kolb
D eggek 'donkey'; prol>. a Dev. N. connoting 'olri'l-soyd 'he incited the dog to chase the wild
hahitual action fr. 1 eq-, lit. '(an animal) which ganle'; also used \vhvn :I tnan incites soillcone
 f.
r:,rs. ASL 26 I
against something ('alri'l-fay'); and one says barqtn 'brocade (bhac) destined to he made
yr1a:n iigkiirdl: 'the snake hissed' (nafaxnl Into a covering' (a/-dildr); rua qd/ribuhu
bi-fihd) also of a man whcn he whistles (fafora bi'l-kzfi'l-rakika and 'owning a covering' is
hi-fihi), and of a vulture whcn tt shrieks egiiklig Kal. 1 153.
($afara)(prov.) Kaj. I 228 (iiakiirur, iigkiir-
me:k). U e ~ g l n g i :N.AR.ir. 1 eggin. Survives in
NE Bar. igklnqi 'a trotter' R 1 1 5 5 7 and SW
V U 2 iigkiir- n.o.3.h. Xak. xr 01 unltmtS Osm. egkingi 'a light irregular cavalryman'.
s(i:ziig ugkurdl: 'he rctnernhcrcd (~achkkura) X a k . xl (after 1 eggln) hence o/.briridu'/-
the word (ctc.) which hc had forp~ttcn'K ~ J . -mtisri'tc'(-fsrir 'a fast lllounted courier' is called
I 228 (ugkiirur, iigkilrme:k): xrr~(?)Tef. egginql: KO?.I 109.
iigkiir- 'to rementbcr' 342.
PUS?I; eggiirtl See 6ggii:ti:.
VUI) iigkiirt- I lap. leg.; Caus. f. I I 2~ ugkiir-
Xak. X I (in a para. follow ng the precedir~x
entry and nivinp the rolcs f</rfr~rnlingCaus. f < T r i s . V. E$G-
of this form) one says sii:z iiakiirdi: 'he re- 1) cggcklen- Rcfl. Den. V. fr. eggek; 'to own
membered the word'; and if you wish to frrrrn a donkey'. Survives in this and c o p a t c mean-
the Caus. of it you say iigkiirtti: 'he u r ~ e dthe it~psin S I V Osm. egeklen-. Xak. X I er.egge-
nlan to rcmember ('old ta&ltktir) what Ile had klendi: 'the man owned a donkey'; In one
forgottell' . . . thcre is nn alternative f o r ~ n of the two pronunciations Ka?. I 31s (egge-
iigkiirtiirdi: 'he urged him to incite' ('crld'i- kleniir, eggeklenme:k; the alternative pro-
-;@a', implying that this is the Claus. f. of r~unciation egyeklen- is not listed).
1 iigkiir-), hut the first is marc clcgant and
correct (ojfoJt w a n~n!~!l) k'og. 1229. 1) iigik1e:- Den. V. fr. iigik; pec. to KO$.
Xak. SI o l keylknl: ii9iklc:di: axada'l-znby
T r l s . EFG fi lza~rihirca !~hla witctidihi'l-bard 'he caught
the antelope when it was distressed and its
P U ?F6ggu:ti: 'a kind of Chinese embroidered hody was frozen, K~~ I (iigikletr,
silk brocade'. There is some difficulty about iigikle:me:k); ~~~~t sii:sin iiSikle:di: 'he
the actual form of this word, of which the -8- made a attack (bassala) on the T ~ ,in, ~ ~
is fixed by the Tiirltii spelling. 'I'he best evi- the extreme cold, (fi Jiddati'l-burd) 1 307,
dence should be in Knf. where it appears
under the headinn fn'lrili; the form to he ex- D iirjkiirtiir- See iigkiirt-.
pected is Cggii:tl:, but the MS. actually has
eggiirtl:. 'I'he word is fairly common in Dls. ASL
Uyg. Bud. and Civ. and is there consistently
spelt dggirtl with minor variations of vocali- C 0901 See 1 09.
zation. 'I'hc conclusion sccms to he that it is a
fornl \vas dggiirti: I 3 asllp, I1.N.IA. fr. 1 a:?; n.0.a.h. It is pas-
I.-\", of the
that the -r- was not clcarlv prljnounced ~ i b l ethat the first occurrence is a P.N./*. fr.
and was sometimes omitted, F ~ , the . 2 a:~. K B s l y s s a t yorltgu kerek
misunderstanding of this ,vnrd in N 11 see sii b a ~ ls i ~ a s a t k aagllg bOlur sU i ~;i
ekinllg. N,o,a,b, CE, ~ i v l l l i s i y s~~ a t yorltsa~ ~sii b a ~ l l i l bolur,
bggiitl: kutay buIJslz anFa; ba~IlC!e r s e e r asllR b o l u r 'the army tom-
b ~ ~ they~ gi,,e : ~ mander must facilitate government policy; the
silvcr, embroidered hrocade and silk fabric(?)' work of the army becomes to repair (if fr.
I 5, 3 ; a,o, I~ N I : upg. v l l r fi. 2 a:$ or to feed) government policy. If it
nut[. .torku eSgirti (?sic) bez ulati bir ed facilitates government policy, the army gets
a commander; if his army has a commander
'a fabric, silk clothing, embroidered brocadc,
and so T~ I/I 3gI-2 (and see a man is (sure to be) supdied with food'
note); yiiriio a r t g Cgglrtide (?sic) 'in pure 23Co-1.
xvhite emhroidered hrocadc' USp. xozh. 17: D agllk A.N. (usuallr cone, N.) fr, 1 a:*,
C:iv. b i r ylpo& (?yapaE) i.?t?erti (?sic) S . i . m . m . ~ . ~ llsulnlly
., fond, provisions', less
keg b i r ~1118t o r k u 'one cuvcrlet(?) of often 'cereals7. Uyg. vtrf ff. Bud. (in a detailed
broidered silk brocade, two broad and one description of a house) agllk kitchen9 T T
large ~ i e c eof silk' 11.5'~.127, 3 ; '%E!frti occurs V I s5:Xak. xr ag11k nl-rno!has 'the kitchen
several titnes in Fnrn. Arch.: Xak. X I 6qgii:tl: K ~ I ~ 14; , agllk tarlg anln fine:r minhu
( ? ; see above, MS. &giirti:) dihdc S i n i ntunnq- yanbutnrl-!a*dm lthe food (crops) spring u p
qo,v min cinsi'i-ltnrir 'embroidered Chinese silk becauseof it7 (i.e, the snow) 11 204, XIV
brocade' KO?. I 145. Afuh. (under trees and plants') ol-galla
D dSiklik H ~ leg,; ~ A.N.
. (con. N.) fr. dSik. 'cereals' agllk (followed by a/-Ilinta 'n-heat'
'rhe P.N,/A. dglklig is first noted in Gag. bu:gda:y) Me[. 777 13; Rif. 181 : Gag. xv
( p . &- C . 117) and s.i.m.m.l.g. Xak. xr a ~ l ' g Son. 42r. 3 (quotns.): *kuz X I
egiklik y1ga:F 'a timber destined for use as a (after the Xak. entry) and in O K Ual-burr, ~
threshold' ('ataha) Kaj. I 152. 'wheat' is called aglrk liar. I I 14; a.o. I 373.
22 (tar@): Xwar. X I I I a g l ~ k 'food'(?) 'Ali 40:
D egiikligleguklik Hap. lcy.'s; P.N./A. nnd xzv a g l ~ k'corn, rain' Qtcth 14: Kom. Xlv
A.N. (Conc. N.) fr. egiik Xak. e ~ i i k l i k 'grain, wheat' aaltk C C I ; Gr.; Rom, xrv
 I
~ $ l l ka/-qo~rr!~'\\-llcat' Id. 1 4 ; nl$nl/n n.,,rk I ) u g a l - (u$a:l-) I';IFs, f. o l 113a:- (uvga:-);
Btrl. 6, 15: xv ditto T~rh.zhh. 4; Xjh. 13. 'to he crushcd, hrokcn into small pieccl'.
S,i.s.ni.l., the normal word with tliis sense
I)e:slig P.N.iA. fr. e:$; 'having a companion'. h c i n ~u v u l - , q.r. Sce o s u l - . X a k . X I c t m e : k
Survives in N\Y Iiaz. i$li R I I j 6 r : U y k . u ~ a l d l : 'the I~read (ctc.) was crumhlcd'
V I I I ff. Ilud. Sanskrit bdlasnhli~,ntd ' h a v i n ~ (tnjnttntn) Kny. I 197 ( u g a : l u r (sic),
a fool fnr a companion' b i l i g ~ i zC$lBg (sic) u $ a l m a : k ) ; a.n. I1 235 ( t i i v ~ e l - ) srv Rlj2. >
b o l m a : k T T VIII I1.6: X a k . X I (after B:$) u $ a l - 'to Iic s ~ i ~ a s h e dcnishcd'
, I? I 177s
rnl y r ~ q dli'lln~linro'nhrr tr?bi'n minn'l-cinn, and (cluotns.): Gag. s v ff. u g n l - / u $ a t ~ l - (spclt)
'a man who has a faniiliar spirit' is called I'nss. f. fikrrrtn prrrbrrr 'tn hc brolwn' Snn. 75
e:glig Kag. 1 4 7 . v. 1 3 (rlr~otns.):K o m . srv l l g a l c l ~'crushcd
(perhaps a Ilev. N.!:l. in - d l ) C G ; Gr. i
I D i:glig (?1:$11g) I'.N./.-l. fr. I I:? ( ? I 1:q).
Survives in SIC 'l'iirki iglik 'h~tsinessiikc' 133 I) iigel- tlnp. IrC.; I'nss. f. of iige:-. X n k . X I
6 0 3 : KC l < ~ rigtii:
. 'industrious' and S W Osin. :sntcJ evi: ii$rltli: 'liis I~rnlsc \\an srarc-hril'
i$li, 'l'kni. i:gli 'huso, fi~llyoccupied'. X a k . (htt!ri!rr); also c ~ s c ~ofl ar~ytllir~g c4sc that ycru
S I 1:$11j! f i r . I 485, r) ( s ~ d r t m ,which is seai.cl~ (tah/m!rrlrtr) Kog. I 107 (uge:liir.
descr~bedas an (_)Riiztvord); I 5 0 9 , .f (kiidiig- upe:lmc:k).
l u g ) ; n.ti1.e.
1) 1 n$la:- Ilcn. 1'. Tr. 1 a:$; 'to eat food';
1) i$le:r See igi:. a very rnrc alteri~alivcto agn:-. Uyfi, vlll ff.
I h d . PP 19, 6 (11nn:-): K I P . s v I~r?rn~nn 'to
fcid on nicat' a s l a - 'liil~.32a. 13.
I) a$11- 1';lss. f. of 2 a?-, q . v . ; 'to increase' 1) 2 a2la:- llcri. \:. fr. 2 a:$; 'to rtpnir'.
( J n t r a n ~ . )Prc. to L I y i and notcd allnost only N.o.;~.l).,I ~ l t h r Rrfl. f. a g l n n - 'to I,c rc-
in licnds. UyQ. v r ~ rff. Man. b u ok [BvJke pairerl' occurs in X \ ~ : t r . X I V ,Qrr~h 13, anrl
b i l i g a ~ [ l l s a ] r k i i q e d s e r 'if this ernotiori a q l n k 'a patch; the sole (of a hoot)' is noted in
of anger incrcnscs and bccotnes strong' T T SLY x s Annt. SL)U 1 2 3 X n k . s t 01 a y a k
11 17, 53-6: Bud. u k l i - a$11- U II y, 6-8 etc. agln:clr: 'Iic repaired (rn'nbn) the cup' Kn$. I
(iik1i:-); agrl- iistel- T T VII 40, 128 etc. 286 ( a g l a : r , ag1a:ma:k); a.o. 1 8 0 . 1 7 (2 a:q):
(iistel-); 0.0. 7'T V I , 348 ( k u t a d - ) ; PP 13, 6 K t p . srv a$la:- 'to nierid (masala) an arrow
(~11). when it is broken' fd. 14.
U eqil- Pass. f. of 2 e q - ; 'to be pourcd out'. 13 1gle:- Den. V. fr. 1 I:?; 'to work; to d o
Srtnrives in NC I<tr. e$il- (also used with (something Acc.)'; with front vowels every-
k u m ) . X a k . sr k u m egildi: 'the sand (etc.) \vhcrc even in KO$. S.i.a.nt.1.g. with minor
\\as poured out' (or 'pourcd out', inlr61a) Koy. phonrtic variations. 'I'iirkii V I I I ff. Rlart.
I 197 (egliir, e 9 i l m e : k ) ; h u k a y i r 01 c9llge:n neqe i q l e m e i s i g i ~ l c y i i r b l z'l!o~; innny
'this salld [lrlnc is constantly pouring out' (i.c. things \vc d o that we oucht not to d r ~ 'I.'ltrrr~r.
'on thc rnovc' jnrr!~ii() I 158. 206-7: t c g r i ayji111 tiikcti igleyiir1,lz 'wc
cIo cvcrythinp that ( h i prrscrihrs' T'I' 11
1) eviil- Hap. leg.; Pass. f. of e.$ii:-. X a k . X I 6. 3 : U y g . v r r ~if. hlni1.-A [just as a crafts-
a n t 9 iize: y o g u r k a : n eqiildi: rj~r!irn 'oloyhi'l- ri13n) e d s i z n t g i s i s l e y u (sic) u m n z 'cannot
-di!r;r 'the hlanket was sprcatl over him'; ~ n a k an r unscrviceahlc thi~ig'( ?o r cannot makc
also rlscd \\hen sonirthing is p u t as a cover :~nytliin~ \vithout (suitable) raw materials)
(trr(!(!;rt) nver ~nnicthinl: else Kay. I 197 111 I 16, 14-15: filan. in T7' III 69 ant1 72
(erjdlur, c$iilmc:k). i g l e t i m l z proh. rcprcsents l a l e t ( t ) i m i z ; scc
i ~ l c t - : Ilud. (and v:~rinus cr:~ftsnien)k e n t l i
I'lTI) 1911- (?ylg11-) 'to hccnrne expert (at k e n t i i u z i$in igleyiir 'e:~ch dn their o n n
dnitig s o n ~ e t h i n cDot.)'. 'I'his V. is apparently skillcd work' PI' 2, 6 ; o.n. of i~ iglc- ( J III
copnatc to yc$~Si.(?i$ra), y l $ l m and ylrjtm- 26, l o ; 7'T IV S, 63, etc.; s n k t n ~ pi ~ l e s c(if r
I a n - ; t h r r c is n o doul>t, in spite of the rrratic a man) 'devotes hilnsclf tr) thinking' 'l'7' V 6,
vncalizatio~~ i l l tllc RIS., that the whole group 3 0 : Civ. i ~ l e z i i n'Irt t h a n n'ork' I ' S p . 1-2,
liacl hack vo\vrla. hut it i s nnt clrar whrthcr S ; kiz11 hurq:tk bile11 i ~ l e p i itltIg11 '\\orI<
the original initial was I - o r y l - ; as the Uyfi. u p ( t h e decoction) with rcd I ~ i n l cand krep it'
Corm of y ~ $ ~\\-as j ! ISIQ, the first is ~ h likeliqr.
c I1 I1 8, 3 1 ; (if a n c cruslies the ro(,tlcts(?)
Srirvives only(?) in NC Kzx. ISII- 'to acquirc nf onion and carlic and) y u k u r u p 1glcscr
a Iinhit'; metaph. 'to pet thin'. X a k . X I a n l g 'kncads them and \\-orks them up' l I I 145:
cligi: i:$ka: 1$11dr: 'his hand became X a k . sr er i~1e:rll: 'the m a n (ctc.) rr~orked
a c c u ~ t o n ~ c(mornnnf)
d to the task' (etc.) Kng. I ('nn~ilrz) Kn?, I 286 ( i ~ l e : r ,iq1e:me:k): KH
197 ( i $ ~ l u r , 1g1lma:k; MS. -nie:k); a n i n u k u g b i r l e iqle k a m u g ig k l i d i i g 'do all your
e l i g l 1:qka: y ~ q r l d l ;(a further example of work (Hrnd.) with understanding' 161; a.o.
~ u g u l - follo\vs herc) I I I 79 ( y l $ ~ l u : r , 2.75: X I I I ( ? ) Tcf. i g l e r Iqle- 127: s r v hf11h.
y:gllma:k, cnrrccted fr. -1rrr:k; vocaltzed (nl-$:i,fI I:?) o'nmli'l-ftrgI Ig1e:- Ml. 40, 3 ; R v .
ytryrrl-); bu: e r 01 ellgf: ~ : $ k a : yry11ga:n 128: Gag. xv ff. Igle- (spelt) kZr knrdon 'to
(31s. hrrri@o:n) 'this man's hand is constantly work' S a n . ~ o g v . 29: X w n r . x t ~ r i ~ l e -'to
nimble (j.rtmj7, M S . yic/riff) in the task and has perform (\vork)' 'Ali 32: XI^ ditto Qutb 61:
I ~ r c o m eexpert (?tn,dnbn) at it' III 5.7. K o m . srv '\vork' i g l e ~ n c k C C I ; G r . : Kip.
 XIII ij~nfnln 'to work' igle:- Hori. 35, 1 2 : adhered to the house, and it was blackened hy
O s m . x ~ ff.
v isle- 'to work: to do, or make it'; also usrd of clothine and other things Kay.
(something ACC:)'; c.i.a.p. 1 ' 1 ' I
~394; 11552; I 2911 (1:glanur. ~:glanma:k(?), see above);
111387; I v 442. tiitu:n kopursrl: (VU) 1glanu:r ' ~ fa man
raisrs smoke, he (inevitably) gets dirtied hy it'
1) aglat- Hap. Icp.; Caus. f. of 2 ag1a:-. (yatadaxxnn) 1172, lo(-$- later altered to -8-).
X a k . xr 01 rlya:k aglattl: arbn'a'l-ind rua'l-
-qa~'a 'he had thc vessel or cup repaired' D igleg- Co-op. f. of 1gle:-; 'to work together'
Kay. I 2 6 5 (aglatur, ag1atma:k). and the I~ke. S.i.a.m.l. Xak. X I 01 m e n i g
birle: iqlegdl: 'he competed with me in
D laglet- Caus. f. of ]vie:-; 'to mnkc (someone working' (fi'l-'amnl); also used for helping
Acc.) work; to operate (something Acc.); to Kay. I 240 (igleag(i:r, ig1egme:k): (Xwar.
make (someone Dat.) make or do (something xrv igleg- 'to be friends with one another'
Acc.)'. S.i.a.tn.l.g., with tninor phnnetic vat-ia- Qufh 61 is a Co-op. Den. V. fr. Q:$ and
tions. IJya, vtl~.tT. Marv ecjgii k ~ l l n c l l g should he transcril~cd&$leg-).
lglarlg (sic) islettigiz 'you have made them
do good deeds' T?' 111 80 (and see irj1e:-): T r i s . V. A$M-
Bud. k u l kiiniig iglettimiz e r s e r 'if we have
made a malc or female slave work' TI' I V 11 Qagimsln- IIap. leg.; almost certainly Refl.
10, 8 ; similar phr. I'T V 25, 51 and 5 8 ; Simulntive Den. V. fr. e:g, 'to treat as a com-
Suv. 136, I ; 596, 22: Civ. iagletgil yenilc rade, or equal'. T h e Suff. -irnsin- is properly
ezfgu l a l a r l g 'make the light-wcight p o d attachcd to V.s and scetns to be a Refl. Simula-
mules (Chincse I.-w.) work' T T I 125-6; tivc Den. Suff. -sin- attached to the N.S.A.
0.0. USp. 51, 8 ; 82, 28 (2 a r t - ) ; 88, 42: Xek. of that V.; it is here attached to a N. by false
xr o l a g a r I:$ igletti: istn'ntalnhrr'l-'aim1 'Ile analogy. Xak. xr KB (however close the rulers
mnde hinl do the work' I ~ JI 2.6 5 (igletur, hold you to them, do not forget younclf, act
ig1etme:k); ylgltlerlg igletu: 'putting the uprightly; however \\ell they treat you, stand
young men to work' I z 6 3 , 8: I<B an1 igletip in awe of them) kgimsinmefiil s e n k a y a
483; 0.0. 215, 479, etc.: Gag. xvff. iaglzt- b a k n u t u r 'do not treat them as equals, stand
Caus. f.; krirfar~ntidan 'to order to work' Snn. looking over your shoulder at them' 4094-5.
106r. I I : Klp. xrv a;lgilgayrah 'make someone
else work' Igle:t Ilou. 35, 13: O s m . xv ff. M s . A$N
iglet- 'to put (someone) to work'; in scveral
texts T T S 1 394; I1 555; I V 442. D uaeg Uev. (Pass.) N./A. fr. iige:-; lit.
'scraped smooth'. Pec. to Kaj. Xak. xt Uqeg
D aglal- Ilap. ICE.; Pass. f. of 2 ag1a:-. Xak. ta:$ of-ya.~ratu'l-mais6 'a smoothed stone';
X I aya:k oglatdl: 'the cup was repatred' alternative form (luga f i ) yuageg Kay. I 135;
(rrr'il)~)Kay. I 2 9 5 (aaglalur, a~le1ma:k). yiigeg ta:$ same translation I11 372.

I) iglcl- Pass. f. of iq1e:-; (nf work) 'to he oyun 'shouliler' o r thc like. Sunives in N E
clone'. S.i.s.m.l. Xak. SI I:S igleldl: 'thc Alt , I,eh., Sor njiin 'collar-hone' R I I 308
work was done' ('tri~riln)Kaj. I 295 (igleliir, (iigtii $r~r'shoulder' 1907 is merely the same
1ylelme:k). word with Poss. Suff.); Rar. iijiin 'humerus,
upper aml' 1907; 'I'uv. iijiin 'humerus; fore-
D 1 i:glen- Rcfl. f. of i9le:- ; s.i.;i.tn.l.r., arni'; SETtirki ogne/oagnl, etc. 'shoulder' Shoru
except NC, nftcti \\.it11 a Pass. tncaning. S a k . 24, Jarring 219. Xak. xr ogiin ra'sll'l-katij(sic
X I e r i:glendl: (sic) nrir'l-ractil fl~tnnkllya'tnol in MS.) 'the point of the shoulder' Kag. 1 7 7 .
'nmnl 'the man pretended to work' Kng. I 2 9 7
(2 ]:glen- folloufr): p a g . xv ff. iglen- Pass. f. ; D aynu: al)l>reviated Ger. of agun-; as
k ~ i rhnrda jiidan (of work) 'to hc done' Snit. Adv. 'previou~lyfirst (of all)'; as a Postposn.
1o6r. 1 2 . with Abl. 'before' (of time). N.0.a.h. Uyg.
vlrl ff Bud. e g a $ n u 'first of all' T T V 26,
VIJD 2 ]:glen- (?lglnn-) Rcfl. Dcn. V. fr. note 5 , I); bagda a g n u 'first of all' TT V 24,
2 ig(?19);'to he hlnckenrd with smoke'. Similar 511; (the birll) ngnu iiniip 'coming out first'
dilftcultirs and cnnfusions ntisr: in rrgald to P P 65, 3 ; rlgnuqa '33 prevint~~ly' U 1 3 1 , 14;
the voc:tlization and survival o f this word a s USp. 58,.18: Civ. a g n u tiq kaguk IqsUn
in the case of 2 iy, hut bro:~diy speaking it' 'first let hlm drink three spoonfuls' H II 18,
survives in the same langunges and with the 63; a.o o.: Xak. X I a$nu: a Particle (had)
same phonetic changes. In Kay. the position meanitlg qnhl 'befote'; hence one says m e n
is further complicated by the fact that this a n d a n agnu: k e l d i m 'I came before him'
verb, which prohahly had back vowels, and (pnblahu) KO$.I I 30: KB 'Atlq e r d l agnu
1 i:vlen-, which almost certainly had front k a m u g d a iize "Atiq was first, above all the
vowels, are treated in a single para., a-ith the others' 51; o.o. 8 (ogdiin), 253, 509, 2356
result that the Infin. is shown as -ma:k (1 a:l), etc.: xrr~(?)Tef. aagnu Adv. and Post-
altered to -me:k or vice versa. In addition posn. 66: xrv Rhg. R I 6 0 1 ; hfulr. qahl agnu:;
a later scribe familiar with modern forms of qahli m e n d e n agnu: AM. 14, 7; Rif. 93:
this verb like Osm. islen- altered the -g-s Xwar, x1r1 a g n u d a n 'from of old' 'Ali 46:
to -s-. Xak. xi e v (VU) 1:glandr: Iaziqa'l- xrv agliu Adv. and Postposn. Qrrth 14; M N
-d~txonhi'/-hny/ 7cn nsrvnddn tiiinhrc 'the slnok; 289; Nnhc. 4, 13; z q r . 16: KIJI. ~ r vagnu;
 DIS.
01-qmiirtr nrrtrn'l-zarrrrirr 'previous in time' Civ. a g n u k l tiiziinler t o r a s i n 'the traditional
Id. 14: Osrn. xlv a g n u z a m a n 'once upon law (or customs?) trf good men of old times'
a time' T T S 1 5 1 . T7' V I I 30, 1-2; a g n u k l n a fig1 'different
from before' 7.7' I 150 (dubious meaning):
Dis. V . ASN- (0.Ktr. I X ff. a g n u k ~ :is read in Mul. 41, 2
and 4 hut this inscription makes no sense):
I> agan- I<efl. f. of aga:-; the two early X a k . X I KO eg a g n u k l kiln 'on the very
occurrences are not certain, hut the word sur- first day' 793: srtr(?) Te/. a g n u k l 'previous';
vives in NE Kiier., 'l'cl. a j a n - R 1 6 0 6 ; NC a g n u k ~ l a r'men of old time' 67: xtv Mtrlt.
k r . , 'I'ob. a$an- do, 590, 'to eat to satiety'. 01-nrvrt~nl'first, former' agnu:kt:; 01-arazua'il
'l'iirku vlrr T 27 ( ? ,see a s ~ n - ) :UyR. ~ I I A. I agnu:kr:la:r Adel. 14, 7; Rif. 90; Adant
Bud. ( I invite two monks) k l r n k i i n t e m e k 'aloylti'l-mlntrr a g n u : k ~ :a t a : Rif. 138 (only):
r n e n i ~evirnde a g a n z u n l a r 'to cat daily in X w a r . x ~ va g n u k l 'former' Quth 14: KIP.
my house' T T I p. 26, note 160, 4-5. X I V a g t n g ~ :yll 'irrtrr'l-'imi'l-azutvnl 'the year
hefnre last', also called a g n u g t y ~ l the ; hrase
now uscd is keggen (i.e. keqgen) ytl !d. 1;;
L) a $ u n - Ilefl. f. of 1 a:$-, the -u- is unusual; 'am '(im nrctral a $ t n g ~ :y ~ Brrl. l 13, I 5 : Osm.
'to excel (Intrans.); to exceed, surpass (some- xrv a g n u g i ( I ) 'former'; (2) (men) 'of old
thing or sonlcone Ahl.)'. Surv~veain NE ~Zlt., titnes' in three texts TTS I 51 ; 11 64.
'I'cl. ajtn- R 1 608; Khak. a z l n - ; NC Klr.
agln-; NiI.' Kum. agln- R 1594. Xak. XI 01 I) a g n u k a n Ilcn. Adv. fr. agnu:, scc v. G.
r n e n d i n agundl: snbnqa minni 'he surpassed ATG, paw. 437. N.0.a.b. U y g . v ~ ~ ~Bud. f f ,
(or outstripped) me' Kny. I zoz ( a g u n u r , see w. G., op. cit., occurs rn an unpublishrd
agunma:k): K B k a y u igtc a g n u a g u n s a part of lfrieit-Is.: GI-. 7'1' I 172 (2 Qrgiir-).
ukug 'in whatever matter (his) understanding
excels' 2604; 0.0. 1384, 4848. 5052: XHI!?) D a g n u r a k Comparative f. of agnu:; n.o.a.h.
Tej. siizge a g u n - 'to speak first'; agun- to U y g . v n l ff. Bud. (you who are afraid)
excel' 67. a g n u r a k y o r l g l a r 'get off (the ship) heforc
(we sail)' PP 32, 4.
D egiin- Hefl. f. of egii- ; n.0.a.b. X a k . XI K B
(Oh mortal man! You see the dead and the
living) sizik t u t m a b i r kiin egiingey y k r i g T r i s . V. A$N-
'havc no doubt, one dab- you will put on a r) a g u n d u r - Caus. f. of a g u n - ; sunivcs only
covering of earth' 3735. (?) in NE. X a k . X I K R u l u g l a r k e r e k k l m
klcfgke s a l 5 m a g u n d u r s a 'important people
igen- 'to trust, believe in, !rely on (someone should take the initiative in greeting their
Dot.)'. S.i.a.m.l.g. except SW. Exceptionally inferiors' (and not vice ~wrsa) 5060: XIII(?)
the N\V fnrnis liar. L. Isan- R I 1387; T. '41. s e n i g miillg o l mHI a g ~ n t l u r d u k u ~
tgnri- do. 1400; h-orc. 195 ;rnd liaz. Ivan- 'vour (trrrr) \vealtll is the wealth you have
I( I 1400 havc hack vo\vclc, perhaps under the s'nt in advance (to the nest world?)' 433; Tcf.
~~rfluctice of Inan- which is practically synony- a g u n d u r - (of thc hands) 'to Iia\c madc somc-
Inous. See ~ q a n - Xak. . X I 01 m a g a : igendi: thinl: rarlicr' 67.
itrnkaln 'olnyyaji'l-anrr rcn"tamada 'he relied
(H~rrd.) on me in the matter' Knz. I 202
(igeniir, igenrne:k): K B b l t i g k e i g e n m e 'do
riot rely on the lcttcr' (do the best you can) I) agru: abbreviated Gcr, of a g u r - used as an
3894; (do not entrust n task to two people) Adv.,;. 'very much, extremely'. Survives in
igengii b o l u r i$ k a l u r k ~ l m a d l n'they will NE Iel. a f l r a R I 608; Khak. a z l r a ; 'I'uv.
rely (on each other) and the task will remain a j r r all meaning 'across, above, beyond; to
undone' 5533: Fa& s\, ff. i g e n m e (mis- excess'; N W Kar. T. a q a r l l a g l r a 'acrnss,
translated) I~el.60 (quntn.); igen- ntr~lnta'inn through' Korc. r 59, I 60, and S W Osnr. a$lrl
hridor~ rrn i'tinrcrd kardon 'to feel secure, to 'extreme, excessive: situated on the other side
rely on' Sorr. Iogr. zz (quntns.): Xtvar. s l v nf (something)'; Tkni. a:glrt 'a streamer
(\'i7)igen- 'to trust, rrly on' Qrrrh t o 6 (rjnn-): attached to a xcil or other similar garment:
K o m . stv 'to trust' Ivan- (sic) C C I , C C G ; 'She word is rathrr rare in thc carly periocl xnd
(;r.: KIP. s v tarrokknln (VU) Ivan- Ttrlt. for a brief time hut over a wide area hecame
1013. 9. a s r u (sir) in the medieval period. X a k . X I
K B a g l r l a d l a g r u 'he honoured him greatly'
S ugan- See uvgan-. 1766: (the word does not occur in XIII(!) At.,
but k e d is twice glossed a s r u and once a s r u
T r i s . ASN yax$1 'very good'): Fag. xvff. a s r u ziyadn r r
L) a$nu:kl: N.1A.S. fr. agnu:, 'fornmer' and yok 'more, very much' Vel. 17 (quotns.); a s r u
the like. N.o.a.h. Uyg. vrlr a$nu:kt: tavgaq- bisydr ditto Son. 4ov. 9 (quotn.): X w a r . xrv
..
dakl: o g u z tiirkii ta[glk]mlg 'the Oguz and a s r ~ l a s r u'very, very much', qualifying Adjs.
I ijrku ~ v h owere previously (settled) in China and Verbs Qu!b 12-13; a s r u ditto MN 98,
came out' $11. S 8: V I I I ff. Rud. a g n u k t ikigU rtc.: K o m . xrv ditto a s r u / a s t r ~ / a s t r uC C G ;
'the first two' (of three) T T V 26, 108; ag- Gr. 43 (qnntns.; survi\~csas a s t r l in NW
n u k ~sekiz 'the first c i ~ h t (of ' ten) do. 127: Knr. T. Korv. 159).
 Dls. V. A$R- 627. 'Tilrkii ~ I I aI y 'month' I NE; I1 N 10;
L) a g u r - Caus. f. of 1 a;$-; 'to cause to pass II NW; Ongin 1 2 : V I I I ff. a y 'month' IrkB,
over or excced; to extol, and the like. For- Postscript; a.0. do. 59 (yldlt-); yaru:k a y
tuitously not rioted before xlv, but cf. agru, tegri:ke: 'to the bright moon god' Toy. Ir. 2
agrul-. X w a r . X I V aqur- 'to make (some- ( E T Y 11 176): Man. b i r a y 'for one month'
thing) excced, go heybnd, overflow' Qrrth 14; Chrms. 274; a.0. do. 338: Yen. o n a y kltdl:
6giim oglan 'the son of my mother who
a g u r - / a g ~ r -dltto M N 165, etc.; b l r k u l l l u ~
'amallnt kiikke agurgaylar 'they will carried me (in her womb) for ten months'
rxtol a servant's work to the skirs' Nahc. 402, Mal. 29, 5; a.0. do. 28, 7: Uyg. V I I I a y
13: (jag. xv ff. agur- (spelt) Cam. f.; gtrdard-
'month' $u. N 9; a.0.o.: vlrl ff. Man. a y
liidn~tma mufncd7~9izsaxtan 'to cause to pass belgiiliig b o l u r 'the moon becomes vislble'
over or exceed' Sort. 41r. 2. Wind. 15; o l a y l a r k a 'in those months' do. 19:
Bud. yllln avrn 'for vears and months' T T
VU ever- (of the eyes) 'to be dazzled, or VI 6;; V I I ~ 0 . 6 ( a y l n ) ; a y 'moon' and
bleary'; prc to J<ag. ~ a k . ( x l an19 k6:zi: 'month' is commo;: Civ. ay,(a:y in T T VIII
6gerdl: sadirnt 'ayttrthu run'rmaddat mtna'l- L.) 'moon' and month' rs common: xrv
-rnlizdr npct'l-caru' 'his eyes were dazzled and Chin.-Ujj. Dict. 'month' a y and phr. I,ig~ri
llleary because of staring (at solnethlng) or 126; R 1 3 : 0. Klr. IX ff. kij:k tegri:de: kiin
hunger' Kay. I 178 (6pe:rtir, 0germe:k); a y a : z d ~ m'I strayed froni the sun and moon
b u e r 01 ko:zi: 6gerge:n 'this man's eyes are in the blue sky' Mal. lo, 3 (a standard phr. for
cn~lstantlydazzled(yntaizrryynr) by hunger and 'to die' in these texts); 0.0. do. I I , I ; (44, 4);
the like' I 157; a.0. 111 68, 2. !5, 5: Xak. XI a:y al-qamnr 'the moon'; and
the full moon' (al-badr) is called to:lun a:y;
D agrul- Pass. f. of agur-; 'to be carried a:y is also 'month1(yahr) (verse); the month is
over (something Abl.)'. Survi\-es in SE Turki called by the name of the moon because itr
B$ 766 (ogurul-); NC Klr. and S W Osm.; course is known by it (prov.) Kq. I 82; a y
'I'km. (a:gtrll-). Xak. xr y a k arttrn agruldr: bitigi: the name for 'the register' (ftirndr) in
'the load was carried over (uciza) the pass which the soldiers' names and rations are
(ctc.)' Kay. I 247 (agrulur, agru1ma:k). entered' I 4 0 (lit. 'the book of the month'); a.0.
in this sense 11177, 7; and about a dozen
Dis. AVS 0.0.: K B a y 'month' is common; 'moon' in
D agslz Priv. N./A. fr. 1 a:q; 'without food'. the natne Aytoldl (and see yaly~k): XITI(?)
Otherwise noted only in S E Turki, Sham 9. Tef. a y 'moon; month' 43: xlv Muh. al-yahr
TBrkIi VIII iqre: agslz tagra: tonszz (a a y Mel. 79, 15; Rif. 184: Fag. xvff. a y : ( I )
people) 'without food in them and clothes on nzdh ha-ma'nd qnntar; (2) rrtdh ba-ma'nd
them' I E 26, I1 E 21. gnhr; also used as a P.N. ?an. 56v. 26 (quotn.):
X w a r . xlrr a y 'moon' Ali 36: xr~r(?)a y
I1 igsiz Priv. N./A. fr. 1 i:q; 'without work, 'moon' 02. 53; also a P.N.: srv a y 'moon,
\vitli no occupatinn'. S.i.s.rn.1. Uyg. vrIl ff. month' Q r ~ t h5; M N 5 , etc. : K o m . xrv, 'moon,
hlan. igsle bog 'without nork and idle' month' ay/a:y CCI, C C G ; Gr. 30 (qt~otn~.):
i1.11 17, 2. Klp. XIII a[-qanrar a y ti9a huzca'l-jahr liotr.
5, 3 ; al-jahr a y do. 28, 8 : xrv ay ('with hack
Dis. V. AeS- vowel') al-qamar, roa yu!lag a y ayda(n) 'alt'l-
1) 1 agsa:- Hap. leg.; 1)esid. Lien. V. fr. -jahr Id. 26: 01-qamar a y Bttl. 2, I I ; al-yahr
1 a:$. Xak. XI agsa:dl: (after 2 agsa:-) wa a y do. 13, 10; xv al-garnor AY Kae. 15, 17;
ha&~ltlm ida'ytahd'l-tn'Zrn 'he longed for food' fahr a y Tuh. zIa. 6; Kav. 22, 2; ditto, rrrr
Kay. I 277 (agsa:r, agsa:ma:k). hrrwa ism li'l-hi181 ('a crescent') ma'l-garnor
do. 36, I I .
1) 2 a$sa:- Hap. leu.; Dcsid. f. of 1 a:$-. Xak.
ol a r t agsa:dl: he intended and wished 2 a y Exclamation; often no more than a
to cross (tnircdzcnza) the pass' KO*. I 277 (1 Vocative Prefix. The word is also Ar. and Pe.
apsa:- follows). and s.i.a.m.1.g. Uyg. ~ I I ff. I Chr. a y mogoq-
l a r - a 'Oh hlagi' U I 7, 10: Bud. a y k i m
11 agsat- Flap. lep.; Caus, f, of 1 agsa:-. s e n 'Hi! Who are you?' U I V 8, 2 0 ; 0.0.
Xak. X I 01 ant: aqsattb: manndhir'l-{n'a'm 'he Hiien-ts. 18yp, 1918; USp. 1o5b. I : X a k .
made him long for food' Kag. I 2 6 2 (agsatur, XI a y o g u l oh my son!' I 74, 17; n.m.e.:
nqsatma:k). K B a y introducing a Voc. is common 6,
etc.: XIII(?)At. a y ditto 106, 474 (but a y a
Dis. V. AVS- is commoner): Gag. xv ff. a y harf-i nidri
L) egig- Hap. leg.; Co-op. f. of 2 e3-. Xak. 'exclamation' San. 56v. 26: X w a r . xrrr(?) a y
XI 01 maga: topra:k egigdi: 'he helped to introducing a Voc. 0g. 324, etc.; also at the
pour out (fi'l-iiirilo) the dust' I(o,c. I 185 beginning of a sentence do. 182, etc.: Korn.
(egigii:r, egigme:k). XIV a y Voc. C C I ; Gr. 31 (quotn.).

hfon. AY
1 o:y 'hole, cavity', with various special
applications; homophonous, and semantically
1 a:y originally 'the moon'; hence from the connected with, 1 o:y-. S.i.a.m.l.g., except
earliest period 'a (lunar) month'; as an Adj. SW, usually for 'valley' and the like. Tiirkii
'crescent shaped'. S.i.a.rn.1.p. See Doerfer I1 v ~ r r f f . (a gambler, staking his wife and
children) (I'U) usty o y u g all: bar mi:^ 'suc- a y k a y ' \ \ i l l acldrcss the I<lc.ct as follows' 1l.i
ceeded in ohtaininp the . . . hole' (and did not 11 5, 7 (ii): a y u y a r l l k a d t g l z o l a r k a 'you
lose his wife and children) IrkD 29: Uyk. have clcrpncd to prescribe to them' T T I11
vlrt ff. Civ. H I 147 (otura:): X a k . o:y nl- 162: Ijtld. iigi iigi k a z g a n c k t l m a k a y u
-hrtcctuo fi'l-ord 'a cavity (or deep valley) in .
bPrdiler . . biri a y u r . . .biri a y u r ...
the ground' Kor. I 4 9 ; 3.0. 1 54, 16 ( o ~ u z ) ; b i r l a y u r 'they told of various ways 11f making
o:y o p u z l u g y6:r ord &it f i t i n rua Irrrziina a profit . . . one of them said . . . another said
'cround full of holes and hard patches' I 146, . . . annther said' PI' 13, 1-6: in the 'I'antric
20: KU 3570 (t6gne:k): KII). xrrr 01-wadi tcxt 7'T V 4 fT. the forrntlla s a k t n q a y u bdre-
'\,alley' o:y (also kol) IIorr. 5, 18. l i m 'Ict us prescribe thc (appropriate) thoupht'
in 8, 76 and lo, gy is rcplaced hy siizleyil
2 o:y a word for a colour of a horse's coat; bCrcllm in lo, 114; o.o. of a y u b 6 r - 1'T
definitions vary hut point m:linly to 'dun'. V1 z6j-6; VII t z, 5 ; 36, I etc. ; V I I I 1-1. 4:
Survives onlv in NIC s ~ v e r a dialects,
l R I969, Civ. in 7'7' I tlie standard forniula in 'if this
Khqk., TIIV. o y 'dun ; a g l a x n y 'light hay' rrk, called . . ., appears, snvlri tnya t d r 'it
t,r pale prc)-'. X a k . SI o:y a t 01-fnmsrc'l makes the following statr~ilcnt',but in 14, 32
doyzoc ICor. I 4 9 ( h ~ p z o cis said hy Steingass and 70 a y u r replaces t d r ; k o t u r e m i n nya-
(Persinn Llict. 553) to be thc Ar. form of I t m 'let us prescribe a remedy for the itch'
Persian dizn 'grey', hut is translated 'dun'): Ii I 168: Xak. xr 01 rnaga: so:z aydt: qiila
urv Jltth. o:y fnms hn),trn'l-pr~qrn rcn'l-katma li'l-knld~~z 'he said a word to nie' Knj. I 174
'a horse of a colour between reddish and (ayu:r, ayrna:k); a m d t : o k ~ y d t mqrtlizt
hrotvn' is quoted as an example of a word sn'n!nli&' '1 have this moment spoken' I 37,
in I\-hich zudw represents 0:- (not it:-) Mrl. 16; aycllm a m d l : ya:t ' I said "lie down at
j, 12; 6, 3 ; Ri/.77-7: Ktp. X I I I al-nibarrc'l- ~.~ticc" ' I 36, 12; arid over 30 0.0.: KB (tlie
-m,nirli 'dust- or ash-colourcd' OY Iir)rc. r3,7. Prophet) RYU b e r d l yo1 'prescribed the way
(of salvation') 37; s e n a m d l k n y u s e n m a g a
?E 3 o y Hap. leg.; the readlng is uncertain, a y ay-a 'tell me now and explain who you
ant1 should perhaps be l u l e r , I.-w. fr. Chinese are' 267; Tlijikler n y u r a n 1 AfraslyBb 'the
lii 'a reed' (Gilrs 7,548) U y k . vlrl IT. Bud. Persians call him Afrasiyab' 280; and mnny
a t t i d r k e k (FU) o y l a r 'the six male reeds' nccurrmces of H5cib (etc.) a y d l 'the Chancel-
(of the Chinese 'Pan's pipes') IIiien-ts. 133. lor (rtc.) said' 580, followed hy o r d o recto:
S u y See u:d. X I I I ( ? At.
) a y - with the usual range of mean-
ings is common; Tef. ditto 44: S I V Muh.0) qbln
nun sdln (?corrupt for sn'oln 'to ask') 'to say
M o n . V. AY- and?' a y - Rr'f. 114 (only) (see a y t - ) : X w a r .
ay- ( I ) Intrans. 'to speak'; (2) ' t o say, declare, X I V ay- 'to'say; to recite' Qritb 6 ; MN 33,
prescribe (sorncthing Arr.)'; (1) 'to say' with ete.; ~Vnlzc.3, 5, etc.
thc \vor(Is said in orrztio r-prto. 'l'hcrc is little
difference of r n e a n i n ~Irct\vccn a y - , t ~ : -and ty-/iy- I'r'liminary riotc. 'l'hrrc ore V.s nf
siizlc:-, but at any ratc in the rarlicst pcriod tlrrsr {O?I?IS in sc7-rrnl ~~~o(Icrtz
l f ~ n g r ~ n ~rrJric11
cs,
ay- secrns to he to soriie extent hnnorrtic, nll rrorr to hc Scr. .f.s of I:$-, e g - or y1dt:-.
while the others arc not. N.0.a.h.; :ipparcntly Therc is o?rly oire mrly t'o11, rclrirh nzrtst be ly-
became ohsolcte when aylt-, q.v., came to (SPF~ y t n - )nrrd is rr.o.o.h.
mcan 'to say', but in the transition period it
is snrneti:nes hard to say whether Perf. f.s ly- rsccpt for two doubtful occurrences in
represent ay- or ayrt-. T i i r k i i vrir o d tegri: U I1 29, 1 3 and 24 (see tay-) occurs only in
a y s a r 'when heaven prescribes the time' (all Hend. ty- b a s - 'to suppress'. U y a . vrlr ff.
men arcdestined todic) I N l o ; Toiiuku(k)ka: &Ian. a n l n t ~ n l l g l a ro p k e n l z b a n l l a r l n i y a
bag": aydi: ... k i y n t g kiigiilug~e:a y b e n b a s a trrnatlln o k 'therefore mortals hecause
saga: ne: aynyt:n tkdi: '(my tnfo~r)spoke to they cannot suppress (Hend.) their passion
nic, Tofiukuk; he said "prescrit~ethe punish- (I.-w.) of anper' T T I1 17, 72-5; Dud. (then
lnent as you think fit; what sho:~ld I say the rlllers will so organize their countries)
tn ?.nu (as a ~ u i d r?") ' T 31-2: V I I I ff. Man. l t i m a y ~ g k ~ l l n y l t g t o s u n y a v l a k (PLI)
teori a y m i q iitye biligye y o r t m n d t r n t z m u y g a t ~ n l r g l a r t g nynr b a s a r 'that thev
e r s e r 'if we hnvc not hehared in :~ccurclance srlpprcss (Hcncl.) wicked rehcllio~~s evil und
with the advice and knna.lccl::c dccl;~rcclby headstrong(?) men' TZ' VI 254-5; a.o. Srrv.
God' Chrros. 326-8; (then a 1-uice cnrnc from 607, 14-15 (nrun): and see basa:.
high heaven and) m e n i okrdl lnya t e p a y d ~
'called me and said as follows' 11l11123, 5 (i): o:y- 'to hollow out (something Acc., by
Uyg. v r ~ rk u l ~ mk u g l m b o d u n l g tegri: y e r removing its contents)', with some extensions
ayu: b6rti: 'heaven and earth deigned to of meaning. S.i.a.m.l.g.; in Tkm. o:y-. Uyg.
declare that the people were my slaves' .
kryn a y d ~ m'I prescribed (their) p~tnishment'
. . V I I I ff. Civ. N I 147 ( o t u r a ) : X a k . XI 01
ka:&u:n o:ydr: 'he hollowed out (qomuoro)
$11 E 1-2; a.0. do. S 9: vtrr ff. Man.-A (we the melon (etc.)'Kop. I 1 7 4 (o:ya:r, o:yma:k):
have completely performed) a y d u k i g e ~ e z e n XIIT(?)Tef. oy- 'to gouge out (the eyes)' 234:
'the work which you prescribed' M I 10, 13; xrv Mrrh. noqojo 'to engrave' 0:y- Mel. 32, I ;
0.0. A l I 31, 10-13; 7'T II 8, 51 and 53: Ri/.i 16 (adding wn !agoha 'and to pierce'):
hlan. (thc f;~lst:hlithra) 01 clltlrlarlarka Inya F a g . xvff. oy- kri~virlor~'trr hollow out', In
 D I S. V. AYA- 267
A. o r sic o r for a S t 89, 8 p:ya: A f d . 73, 8 ; Ri/ 176: X w a r . xlv yuva
(and see u:d- and u ~ I : - ) . nest' Oulh 87: . KIP.- xlrr al-'urr yuwa: Ifou.
lo, 17T xrv uya: al-'ujj; thus the Kifab
uy- 'to sq~ieeze'.N.0.a.h.; for the vonrel see Beyl~k,hut our y a p Faxm'l-din said 'I do
uyma:. Close in meaning to UV- and ly-, hut not know (any word for) it except yuwa:'
hardly to be connected etymologically with fd. 27; yuwa: 01-wakar; and one says kuq
either since uv- > uy- is not a possible sound yuwasl: runkaru'l-n>r do. 99; al-'ujr uya:
change in Xak., and the alif is consistently Btrl. 12, 6: xv 'uyy yuwaluya Ttrh. zgr. 10:
vocalized with dammn in all words in the Osm. xvrrr y u w a ( ? in Rtimi omitted)
group. Xak. xr 01 u:nup, uydl: 'he squeezed Cyiydna-i [uqtir 'a hird's nest', in Ar. kinn
(da$n!a) the flour in order to make it cornpact ('hiding place'), 'rrgg and mnf!za$ ('a nest in the
and feed it (to animals)' (j'njtndd ma yanca') ground') Son. 3 4 7 ~9 (quotn. Izuptili).
pp. 1,174 (uya:r, uyma:k): xrv Mtrh.(?)
VU 2 uya: a term of relationship of uncertain
ncnna, to knead' uy- R i j I 1 2 (Mel. 28, I 5
vurur-). 'r significance. in some contexts apparently 'blood
Ixother', a general term cohering both Cci:
Dis. AYA and ini:, in others hardly more than 'blood
relation'. N.0.a.b. 0. Ktr. ~ x f f . el(1)ig
1 aya: 'the palm of the hand', with some u y a m k a : acjr~ltlrn'I have been parted from
extcnded meanings later. S.i.m.m.l.; in ochers my kinsmen of my realm' Mal. 15, 3 : Xak.
displaced hy Mong. I.-\\,. alaknn or Ar. 1.-w. X I I I Y ~ : 01-OX wa'l-qarih 'hrother, kinsman';
kaff. Uyg. vrrr ff. Bud. iki ayalarnl kav- (verse) t a v a r tiqiin tegri: edlemedlp, uya:
q u r u p 'putting the two palms together' U II k a d a ~ogllnl: qrnla: boga:r it descrihes
46, 70 and 0.0. of this phr.; 0.0. Suo. 168, the lack of cnrnpassion between brethren (al-
23 ff. (adut) T T V 12, 119; PP 6, 7-8, etc.: -i.urudn) and says 'man looks for money and
Civ. seklz yagrda a y a d a 'on the 8th of the does not fear God, so that he (literally?)
nionth (it is) in the palm of the hand' T T VII strangles his brother's son (ibn asihi) for the
20, 8; 8.0. do. 27, 8: Xak. XI aya: al-kaff 'the sake of money' Kay. I 8 5 ; a.0. I11 146 (ka:b):
palm of the hand' Kaj. I 85; a.o. I 338 ( 2 x ~ I I ( ?A!. ) a t a b i r a n a b i r u y a l a r b u xalq
kars): KB a y a d a t u t a r s e n 'you hold In the 'these people are kinsmen with the same
palm of your hand' 717; a.0. 864: XIII(?) father and mother' 291 ; Tef. uya corresponds
l'ef. a y a ditto 44; a.o. 230 (uvun-): Gag. to Ar. al-dx 324: Gag. xv ff. u y a hamyira-i
s v ff. a y a kaff-i dust Sun. 56 v., 28 (quotn.): k@ik 'younger sister', also called slgfl Son.
Kom. xlv 'the palm' a y a CCZ, C C G ; Gr.: 92r. 22 (sigil is the normal word, no other
Ksp. xrrr al-kaffrr'l-maff~ih 'the open palm' trace of uya: in this sense): Xurar. X I I I u y a
aya: lfou. 20, 13: X I V aya: ('with back vowels') 'hrother' 'Ali 45: xrv u y a 'blood relation'(?)
01-kaff; aya: u r - ~offaqa039 daraba'l-ynd 'to Qutb 196.
clnn. that is strike the hands toecthcr' fd. 27:
xv'nf-huff aya: Kav. 6 1 , 2; 'TI~II. 301,. k : Dis. V . AYA-
O s m . xrv ff. a y a ( I ) 'the p:~lni';(2) 'the pan
of a pair of scales' in se\,eral tests! T T S 15 4 ; aya:- nriginully 'to trcat (a pcrsrtn ,4rr.) \rith
I11 so. respect, to honour; to preserre (a thing Acc.).
to look after it carefully'. S.i.a.m.1.g. (in S I V
?F 2 aya: an Exclanlation, 'oh', which also only Tkm. and xx Anat. SDD 134) with
cxists in Ar. and Pe.; proh. a 1.-w., but' a rather tniscellaneous set of meanings, of
pcossibly' an expanded form of 2 ay. Su~vil-es which the commonest are 'to have compas-
in NC Krr. and SW Osm. Xak. X I KU a y a $ion on (someone), to spare; to withhold, or
as a Vocative Prcfix is common 8, 164, 168; withdraw (somethinp)'. T u r k i i vrrr ff. (in
etc.: xrrr(?) At. ditto;Trf. a y a 'oh!' 44. Toy. I17 r. 3-5 (ET 1' 11 I 80) there seems to be
a scribal errnr, the text should proh. read yiiz
S ayl See afiig. altu:n ba:p (not aya:p) tamga1a:p 'pack-
ing up and sealing a hundred gold coins'):
S cyeliye See 1 idi:. Man. 7'2' 11 10, 78-9 (ae1rla:-): Uyg.
I1 lya/ (E) lye Sec Cyiti :rnd bass:. l r ff.~Bricl.
~ a~g l r a y a m a k l n 'with profound
respect' U 130, 8 ; normally occum in CIends..
1 uya: prnpcrly ':I Ilird's nest'; snrnctinies IIV U I1 14, 2 ctc. (a&rla:-); Stro. 195, 21-2
extension thc rest in^ place or 'lair' (properly (qilte-): Civ. 7'T 165-6 (scan-): Xak. xr 01
i:n) of any wild hcast. S.i.a.m.l.g. except KW to:ntn aya:dt: iiina fambnhri 'he looked after
and SW as u y a ; in the latter languages as his clothing (etc.) carefully'; and one says
y u v a which seems to he the old Oguz/Kip. xa:n a g a r aya:& aya:di: laqabahu'l-malik
form. T i i r k u V I I I ff. (a leopard and a deer, see bi-laqnb 'the xan gave him a title of honour'
3 eg .. .) bu1u:pan uya:si:ga:ru: ogi:re: P;ng I 271 (aya:r, aya:ma:k): K B a y a m a
sevi:nu: ke1i:r 'having found it they come do not treat them gently' (let boys and girls
rejoicing (Hend.) to their resting places' IrkB taste the whip) 1494; (a wicked man ought to
31: Uyg. vtrr ff. Civ. karllgaq uyasrndakl be kept in captivity) y o r ~ kbolsa edgii a y a
t o p r a k n l 'the earthy material in a swallow's s a r p yiirek 'if he obtains his liberty, control
nest' H I 95-6: Xak. xr uya: rc'ahru'l-fnyr him well with a stem mind' 55493 x N
wa 'uyytrhu 'the nest (in general) of a bird and Mtrh. al-mrr~tdhhn 'to behave in a fnendly
its nest in a tree' K n j I 85: XI\. Mtrlt. 01-'i~jf manner to (someone)' a y a m a k Mel. 35, ro
 26s D I S. V. AYA-
misvocalized iyntnk); Htf. 1 2 1 (unvocalized): health and the Ilkc' l i n g . I 113: K R 611gdln
G a b xv ff. a y a ( - r , etc.) man' rt- dirijt dut-, uku$ ogdi aytlg salam rdurmen saga
knyur- 'to refuse, to \vithhold' Vrl. 33-4 '1 send you many praises, enquiries, and greet-
(quotns.); aya- (spelt) diri,Q dcgtan ditto Son. ings from the king' 3907; s a g a b o l g a g x i r
5 3 v 13 (quotns.): K o m . x ~ v'to refuse, with- h a y a t a y t ~ a r'for you at the last there will
hold' CCG; Gr.: KIP. xv ho.ul 'to be stingy' he God's cross-questioning' 5273; 0.0. 5740,
a y a m a k 7i1h. 90b. 1 2 : O s m . s v and xvr 6120.
a y a - 'to honour, respect' (someone Acc.) in
two texts T T S 11 76; I V 57. 1) a y d i ~Den. N. fr. 1 a:y; properly 'moon-
light', hut sor~~etimes, more vapuelv, 'hril-
Dis. AYB liance, hrillinnt'. S.i.a.m.1.g. X a k . xi a y d l g
?F ayva: 'quince'; as the name of an exotic fflxt"'[-~flmar 'moonlight' Kof. I 117: xlv
fruit, proh. a I.-w. A I.-rv. in Russian; survir.es 1'fuh. 01-dfltu' 'brilliance' aYdu!J R$ 152
onlv in S\3' Osm.; in NE I<hak. it is rchor- (Me[. 551 3 ya:ruk); la?/ mrrqmnr 'a moon-
ro\\'ed fr. Russian. T h e text in Knf. is in dis- light night' n:ydlnlaydln MrI. 80, 9 ; a y d l g
order at this point; the letter V should indicate f":"le: Rif. 145: Gag. X V ff. a y d r n (spelt)
the last consonant of the word; the text nrnllffih 'tnoonlifiht' (qr1otn.l; the origin arid
\\-as therefore prob. originall!. as reconstructed ~ it is a ~ t t i nntdh-i ah 'the night
e f y m ~ l o h 'of
helow. X a k . X I v < ayva: al.safnrca[ ninon' which was corrupted to a y d l n Son.
'"uince'; ;, avya: 01-snfnrcol, f i ltlgo 'in one 57r. 14: X w a r . X r V a y d l g 'nloonlight' Qt~tb6:
dlalect' KOJ.I 114; a.0. of avya: I1 311, 15 K I P xrrl dacu'n'i-qnmar aycit:n Hou. 5, 3:
( k a m a t - ) : ~ r fifrlh.
v o/-sa~arml a y w a : fife[. a/-niir 'lifiht' (opposite to 'darkness' kara:gu:)
78,. 11; ~ i / . Gag. sv ff. Rywa bib aydl:n do. 26, 17: X I V a y d ~ n01-nrir fd. 26:
'clulnce', in Ar. s~rfurcnland in Pe. rIhi Son. O s m . xlv ff. a y d l n 'lipht, brilliance; bril-
5 7 ~ 6. : T k m . X I I I at-saforcal a y w a : Hou. 7, liant'; c . i . a . ~ .T T S 1 5 7 ; 1177; 11151; I V 4 7 .
i t l : srv a y w a of-safarcal id. 26; (kiirt al-
-saforcal in Krp., as if they called it 'Kurdish D aYtlS N.Ac. fr. nYIt-; properly 'enquiry',
applr') in Tkm,a y w a do. s r : xv al-soJarcol cf. a ~ t l g S.i.a.m.l.R.,
. in SW only in X X Anat.
h a y w a : Kov. 63, 9. S D D 567, usually meaning 'speech, state-
ment'. X a k . xr a y t q huzun an yas'ala'l-
a v b a g 'bald'. Survives in St]' Tar. a y p a g -rocrrlcin kull ccr?lrid ntinhtrtnd lrrilo'l-dxir used
N 1 59; the Tiirki equivalent is a y d l r ~ v a g of two men asking one another about the state
'shiny hcad' B$ 10. NE Alt., Khak. a y a g (of their health)' Kag. I 1x3; a.o. do. (aytrg).
seem%to be descended from this word. There
does not seen1 to he any widely distributed
'Turkish wnrd for 'bald'. Gig11 sr n y b q (or Dis. V. AYD-
n y p a g ? ) e r nl-rocrtlrr'l-npla"a bald man' Knp. I I) a y a t - Caus. f. of aya:-; survives only(?) in
116. S E 'I'ar. a y a t - 'to order (someone) to spare,
or protect (sotneonc)' R I 214. U y a . ~ 1 1 ff. 1
Dis. AYD Bud. (faith is callcd) s e v i t m e k a y a t r n a k
u y a t 'shn~ne, modesty, shyness'; practically ed8iike tegiirde~i 'that \Yhich brings men
s y n , w, uvut, ,r,, ,,.itlI ,,,hich it is in to the good state of arousing love and respect
ljend. in u v g . ; conncctrd ,\.ith uyn:d- and in others' T'T V 28, 119; s e v i t m i ~a ~ a t m l ~
uynl-, hrlt morpholopicallv obscure, possibly e r i i r s i z 'you have made yourself loved and
nbt,rrviated D ~N.~in -.t fr. uya:d-, ~ . i . ~ . ~ , lrespected' .~. (by, Dot., all the teachers) Hkn-ts.
uyat, in sw only in r~'knl.u y a t , ss ~ ~ 1782;
~ (then
t .that king . . . see o r u n ) Ukiigke
o y a t s n 1097. ~ UYR. ff. n u d . U V U ~ aYafml9 aglrlatm1S '1nade himself re- ,, .,,
u y a t Slrv. 489, 12; T T V 24, 60-1 (uvut, specred by tnany' SWJ. 6079 15-16. >

the spelling mynt in the latter looks like a mis-

transcription): Gag. xv ff. u y a t garm 'shame' I ) aylt- Caus. f. of ay-, s ~ e l tayt- (
r23 (quotn. colltaining u y a t l l k ) ; u y a t before VOW^^ Suffs.; properly 'to make (some- ,.
rcn s;cclat ('modest,.q); (2) -ayb 0°C Dot.) speak', that is 'to ask'. For some
rlahc!,at disgrace, hasenessp s ~ ,9zr, ~ , 'zz unknown reason it lost its Caus. meaning, as
!ql,otn.): X w a r . (~111 u y a t l u ashamed9 early as in ORuz, and became syn. w. ay-,
~ l 46):
i s l v ,lyat cshame, nlodcsty * ~~~~h which then becarne obsolete. S.i.a.m.l.g., often
1g6 (and uyatlrg); ,Vnlrr. 366, 1: K o m . xrv "S eyit-/e~t-. Tiirkii v l r r (pap)
sshan,e, u y a t CCI, CCG; Gr. : KID. kelrnedi: (sic, nc)t !ellnrdi:) an]: aYltaYln
sII. u,ji?crasis sf , , / J ~ ~ , . ~GtnodntF., (sic. not afitaym) s u l e d i m 'no envoys
hashfi~lncss';also called ~ : ~ t Id. l d9; Tkm. (from him). I launched an expedition to
u y a t nnd u f 01-!rnyd do. 27. demand (an explanation) from him' II E 41:
vr11 ff. m a g a : ay1:tma:g thdi: 'he said "do
D a y t i g N..4c. fr. aylt-; 'enquiry'. S.i.s.n~.l. not question me" ' Toy. IVv. 3-4 ( E T Y
w. minor phonetic changes, but now means I 1 180); a.0. do. 4-5: Yen. see 0. Ktr.: U y g .
'statement' (cf. aylt-). Uyg. vrrr ff. Man. v~rrff. Man.-A tPp sPzik a y t s a r 'if one asks
a y t i g 'enquiry'(?) in datnaged passage M II in doubtl(after a speech in oratio recta) M I 19,
rz, 10: X a k . s r a y t l g alternative form(lr@nfi) I I ; (the sorcerer in the temple) M a r A m u
of aytl$ in the sence of isti~hnr'cr~ri'l-snldnra M o j a k k a Inqa tPp a y ~ t ( t ) l 'asked M a r
r w nn!r!rtuihd 'an enqiriry alxlut (sonieonc's) A n ~ uMojak' (the question follows in orolio
 D I S . V. AYD-
r ~ c t o )do. 33, 18-ry; a.o. do. 36, 13: I h ~ d . uya:d- 'to I)e shamed by, or ashamed of
nylt- (or ayt-) 'to ask' preceded or followed (something, or someone, Ilnf. or Abl.)'.
by a question in crafio recta, the person Except in T T VIII, where -r- proh. repre-
asked, if mentioned, being in the Dot. occurs sents - a - , and in the Perf., the final consonant
9 times in PP and is common elsewhere: Civ. seems to have been consistently -d- until xv.
the phr. ayitip b i t i d i m is common at the Survives in most NE languages as uyat-,
end of documents in USp., e.g. m g n T u r m l g occasionally ryat-, and in some S C Uzb.
Mig-temUrke ayltip b i t i d ~ m I, 'Prnliv, dialects as uyat-. Uyg. vrrrff. Man.-A
wrote this down to hliq-temur's dictat~on'(lit. u y a d m a k ~ n ( i )in damaged passage M I 25,
'asking. . . (what to say) I, then, wrote') I , I I - 8 : Bud. Sanskrit a l a ~ e f a lajjanfe
~e 'they are
12: 0. Klr. IX ff., a word usually transcribed ashanied of things of which they should not
yita: is common in these inscriptions; it be ashamed' uya:tmagu:luk sa:vta: uya:-
follows the names or descriptions of people, t u r l a r ; (the opposite) uya:tgulukta: in-
or the Sec. Pers. Pron., uqually in the Dat., $ 1 uya:tmada:qclar~ T T VIII E.qp50 (see
and is followed dircctly or indirectly by words above); a r t u k r a k u y a d t ~ 'he was more
like (PU) eviikmedlm (see 2 btik-) or ashamed than ever' IJ 111 83, I I ; 62 kilmig
a d r l l t i m . It should, no doubt, be transcribed k ~ l l n q l a r l g aertlgii uyacjsar e y m e n s e r 'if
aylta:; the meaning is less certain, prob. they are very rnuch ashamed (I-lend.) of what
'asking after . . . health', 'saying farewell' or they have done' SvV. 141, 4-5; a.0. of Hend.
asking (permission to depart)', c.g, kuyda: Hiien-ts. 2051: Xak. X I 01 m e n d i n uyattl:
k u n q u y ~ m iizde: o g l i m aylta: sizime: istaizyd minni'he was shamed by me'; originally
ayrta: eviikmedlm apr11t1m 'saying fare- uya:dti: but assimilated Kay. I 216 (uya:Qur,
well(?) to my wives in the inner chambers uya:dma:k); aglz y6:se: kb:z uya:dur 'if
and to my dear(?) sons, saying farewell to the mouth eats, the eye is ashamed' (istabd)
you, my own, I have not stayed at home, I 55, 1 5 : KO y o n s a u y a d m a s a yalguk
I have hcen parted (from you)' Mal. 3, I ; kortip 'if he walks abroad and is not ashamed
occurs in eight inscriptions often more than when he sees (other) men' 864: xrrr(?) At.
once; and less often in Tiirkii Yen. inscrip- u y a d ~ p 'being ashamed' 432 (some MSS.
tions: Xak. xr 01 m a g a : s6:z ayltti: sa'ala rtyatip): Gag. xv ff. uyat-(-lp) ritnn- Vel. 123.
minni'l-kaldm 'he asked me a question' Kn?.
I 2 1 5 (aytu:r, ay1tma:k); 01 kfgi: 01 telim D aytil- I'ass. f. of aytt-; 'to be asked'.
sB:z ayitga:n 'that man is constantly asking S.i.a.m.1.g. except SW, meaning 'to he said,
questions' (sa"d1 'arui'l-kaldm) 111 52: KM spoken', etc. Xak. X I so:z aytildi: su'ila
a y l t t ~followed by question in oratio obliqua 'ani'l-knliim wa Rayrihi 'a question was asked
507; aylttl &lie t e g m e t6rliig bilig 'the about the statement (etc.)' Kaj. I 2 7 0 (aytilur,
king enquired about all kinds of knowledge' ayt11ma:k): xrrr(?) Tef. aytul- 'to be said'
623; t a k ~b i r tilekimni a y t u r b u oz 'and (Impersonal) 46: cap. xv ff. a y t ~ l m a y ~ n
I myself ask for one thing that I want' 859; eydtlmedin VPI. 40; aytll- Pass. f.; gufta
0.0. 979, 1069, 1187 (6gren-), 4528, 5740: judan 'to be said' Son. 5 4 v 6 (quotns.): K o m .
xr11(?) 'I'ef. ayt-layut- 'to ask' 46: xlv Muh. xlv 'to he said' (by someone Abl.) C C G ;
qdln 'to say' ayt(t)i: Mel. 30, 3 (Rif. 114 see Gr. 33 (quotns.).
ay-); al-qaull a y t m a k 37, I (-mag); 122:
padaqa 'to speak the truth' $I:n ayt(t)i: 28, 2 D aytsn- Refl. f. of ayit-. S.i.s.m.l. with a
(111 ayd~:); man yaqiil 'who says?' kl:m miscellaneous collection of meanings. Xak.
a y d u r 17, r ; 94: xv(?) Postscript to At. XI so:z a y t i n d ~ : tar~*allrinr'iili'l-kalcim bi-
aylt- 'to say' 500, 508: Cag. xvff. ayt- -nafsilzi,'he took it upon himself to ask a ques-
( - m e n , etc.) eyt- Vel. 40; a y t - l a y ~ t - (both tion' Kaj. I 2 7 0 (aytlnur, ayt1nma:k).
spelt) gulftan 'to say' Son. 54'. 3 (quotns.): D a y t u r - Caus. f. of ay-, with a different
O g u z xr (after Xak.) and the Oguz say m e n shade of meaning fr. aylt-. Prob. Hap. leg.;
aga:r s6:z a y l t t i m fakallamfu ma'ahu wa a y t t u r - (and the like), which s.i.a.m.1.g. in the
qriltrc lnhu kal8m 'I conversed with him and same rneanin~ is a Caus. f. of aylt- in its
said to him', but this is incorrect (laysn bi- later meaning. Xak. XI 01 m a g a : s6:z
-qiycis) Kaf. I 215 ($ytu:r, ay1tma:k): X w a r . a y t u r d ~ : kaffalani 'old takallumi'l-kalcim
xrli a y d - 'to ray' Ali 8: XIII(?)ayttl k i m ma'ahu 'he nrade me responsible for making
'he said' followed by orntio recta, sometimes the statement with him' Kas. I 2 6 9 ( a y t u r u r ,
with person addressed in Dot., occurs ,8 times ayturma:k): K o m . X I V 'to make (someone)
in Og.: XIV aylt- 'to ask' Qutb 6; to say, confess (a sin)' a y t i r - CCG, Gr. 33 (quotn.).
recite' M N 81, etc.; Nahc. 16, l o : Kom. xlv
'to say, declare, confess' ayt- CCI, C C G ; D oytur- Caus. f. of o:y-; 'to make, or let
Gr. 32 (quotns.): Kip. ,rodago kerti: ayit- (someone Dat.) hollow out (something Acc.)'.
Hou. 36, 5 ; qdla aytt- (and de:-) do. 43, 2: S.i.m.m.l.g. Xak. X I 01 m a g a : ka:gu:n
xlv a y e - qdla Id. 27; qdla (VU) ayt- (?, Inf. oyturdi: 'he ordered me to hollow out (bi-
e y t m e k ) Bul. j i r . : xv qcila aylt- Kav. 9, 4; - t a p i r ) the melon' (etc.) Kaf. I 2 6 9 (oyturur,
Ttrh. 29h, 12 etc.: O s m . xrv ff. ayt-leyt- 'to oyturma:k): Cag. s v ff. oydur- Caus. f.;
say, speak'; common to xvrr, sporadic there- khcinidan ditto Son. 89v. 28.
after; in XIV both a y i t m a k and eyitgil,
eyittigi occur T T S I 59; 11 79; 111 53;' D u y t u r - Ilap. leg.; Caus. f. of uy-. Xak. XI 01
IV 59. u:n uyturdi: 'he gave orders for compressing
 270 D I 3 . V. ATD-
('al~i$r~dd)ttic flour :111<i sqt~ceziti~
it ((fa2filri) 1 8 4 ; and 17 a,.,,.: \ I I I ( ? )7 i : / :~y;lk' c u l ~45:
'
into ;I sack' (rtc.) I<rrg. I 260 ( u y t u r u r , \I!, I\~II/I.
~~l-~~a~lrr!i 'cttl>' a y ~ kAlcl. 7, 10;
uyturma:k). ](if. 79 ( u ~ l f u s c d with 2 nynk); nl-qnf'a
aya:k 6y, h (ci.va:fi); 170 (yayntk) ; 01-nratrqal
T r i s . AYD 'portable Ixazier' aya:k 169 (only): Gag.
P U D u y a d s ~ l ~Ikh p . leg.; alrriost certainly s v ff. ayaglayak gadah Vrl. 39; kriso ('cup')
mis-spelt; in a section headed fri'17li1, which rca qndalr Son. gjr. z (quotns.): Xwar. X I V
contains osa:yuk followed by the cross- a y a k (and, by false analr~gy, adak) 'cup,
heading rua naru' minhu monqrip 'defective goblet' Q ~ t b6: KIP. xv stiktirca 'bowl' ayak
( ? ) variety' K (qif) and this word; this implies Trih. 19b. 6; jnbi!ar (meaning unknown, ?cor-
some such form as uya:duk, which as a IJass. rupt) a y a k do. zob. 11: O s m . X I V to XVI
Dev. N./A fr. uya:d- would he grammatically aya:g/ayak 'ho\vl, cup'; coninion 7'7:5' I 5.4;
appropriate. Xak. xr uyaJs111k e r 01-rant1u'- I1 70; 11148.
Iladi ~nlrzhoh~i'l-lrr~yri ';I man overcome by
shame' Knr. 1160. S 2 a y a k See ndak.
I) 1 *aylg Uev. N. fr. ny-; 'word, speech,
I'rls. V. AYD co~iimand'. N.n.n.h., alnnys(?) :tl~hrcvintcdtn
11 nynttl- Pass. f. of aynt-; r1.o.a.b. Uye. a y g . 'I'iirkii vrrr tf. Man. b u s a v l g nyg[gnp]
vrrl tf. Ilud. Sanskrit sotk~to 'honoured' 'these words' (I icnd.) T T I1 6, 25 ; a.o. do.
a : y a : t ~ l ~ 7'7'
p 1.'111 11.12: orrito ditto do. 21. 3 (igle:-); scnig a y a n ~a n r a g 01 'your cotn-
iii:~ndsarc likc that' M 11123, 6-7 (i): Uy&
Mon. AT<; V I I I ff. hIan.-.I M a r NCV Mant hlnglstak
S a y g See 1 aylg.
aygln 'I?!. the command of Rlnr NPv Mani
Magistak fll I 12, 20.

11 aya:g N.Ac. fr. aya:-; with a parallel

evolution of meaning. Survives in NE Khak. S 3 aylg See 2 a d ~ g .
a y a g 'compassion, sympathy'; NC Klr. ayo:, S 4 aylg See aitlg
Kzx. ayaw (R I zoo) ditto; NW Kaz., K r ~ m
a y a w ditto, and ( K r ~ monly) 'stinginess' and D nylk Dev. N. fr. ay-: hardly distinguish-
S\V s x . h a t . aya 'protection'; a y a g 'a title' ahle fr. 1 ayig,. N.u.a.h. Uyg. vrlr R. Civ. (it
S U D 132. Uy9. v ~ f r f f . Alan. T T I11 75 gi1.e~headaches and eye-achcs) tegrtke yn@$
(ernder-): Bud. Sanskrit satknram 'profound a y ~ [ k ? bPrtneyiikke
] 'to the man who does
rr.2pcct' a g i r aya:grg T T VIII E.5; a y a g not give lihatinns and vowrt(?) to <;od' T?' VII
cilteg 'hcrnclur and respcct' IJ I1 77, 18 etc. ~ 5 I, (restore thus?): Xak. xr aylk ol-'ids
(qiltcg); ~ y n j i k ntegimlig (7.1' 1'111 A.29 R proniisc'; Iietlcc one says a n q nlarJn:
w:ya:gka: te:gimllg) 'worthy of respect'. a y l k ~ ba:r
: 'I have a promise from hitii' Kof.
a stuck epithct for Bodhisattvas, monks, etc. I 84: a y ~ kaylp knymagtz nprlrrqi 'klatrrk
U II I I , 0; 32, 63, etc. (this phr., sprlt nyafa 'keep your promisc to me' I 1 45, 20.
trxir~rli~(Kocc. 127. Holtod 28) wns horrowed
in IbIong. and there erroneously corinected (I)) ayu:k Src 5 k6:k.
with nynfo 'beggins howl', I.-\\.. fr. 1 ayak):
Civ. a y a g k a tegimlig USp. 15, 8 ; 84, 3 ; oyuk 'iliirage, i:~ndtt~ark',and tlie like;
88, 5 ; asrgrg ayagrg egsiidi 'your advar~tage specificnlly Okuz and with some cornrnon
and honour have diminished' T T 158-9; 0.0. meanings with oyiik, q.v., also specifically
do, 114 (ornan-); T T VII 34, 10-11 (2 0guz. Clearly not identicnl with oyuk, Pass.
aqtg): Xak. X I aya:g 01-lagob 'a title of Dev. N./A. fr. o:y-, 'hollowed out, a hole,
honour' ~Ynj.I11 172 (verse, see a k t : l ~ k ) ;a.0. cavity' first noted in Krp. xv Trtlr. 34h. 8 ;
I 271, r r (aya:-): K U wazirlik a g a r bPrdi 48b. 8 and s.i.a.rn.l.g.; both it and oyiik t~iay
t a m g a ayng 'Ite gave him the post of vezir, he Oguz corruptions of nome foreign word
a seal and a title of honour' 1036; a.o. 1766 (cf. oren). Survives only(?) in SW Ostn. oyuk
(iistem): XIII(?)'ref. a t a y a g 'a title of 'scarecrow'; s x Anat. ~ y u k / I ~ ~ y'scare-
uk
honour' (for a S ~ r of a the Koran): a y a 'pro- crow; landmark, cairn', and the like, SI)D74q,
tection'(?) 44: X I V nfrih. al-lagab aya: Rij. 1098 (hayiik, 756, also has these meanings,
I 4.5 ('Me/. 50, 4 mis-spclt a&:).
inter nlia); 01-myil means both 'mirage' and
'scarecrow'. Cf. kiisglik. 0 8 u z XI oyuk
1 a y a k 'a \-essel', particularly a drinking o l - q r i l cua'l-iram 'mirage, landntark' Kag. I
vessel, for individual use; 'cup, goblet, howl'. 8: (wrse; o y u k translated irntn tun .vflydl
S.i.a.~n.l.g. See Doerfer 11 629. Tiirkii f i I-rnufiza 'in the desert'); 0.0. 1384. 6 (same
ff. IrbB 42 (Idl*): Uyg. vrrr ff. Civ. o n verse, ellg); kii:Cin oyuk tutma:s IG yirrnkirr
nyak 'ten cups' USp. 5 5 , 26; n.o. do. 40, 7 bi'l-q~iwnonrnin asdi'l-xnydli'llafi ~vtn,wbfi'l-
(1 iir-); b i r b a t ~ nyak
r bor bir batlr ayak -fami'iz (mis-spelt farudliz) 'you cannot catch
s u v 'o:ic cup (Hend.) of wine and one of the mirage which rises in the deserts by force'
\v;iter' II I 16-17 (batlr I.-w. fr. Sogdian I 81, 21 : Gag. xv ff. oyuk sang-i nifcin ki riot
p'ttr); a,". H 11 zo, 80-1: Xak. X I a y a k sar-i rril~lrribir&i 'nli~rzatbi-gitdarand 'a stone
a/-qnp'a 'a (wonden) bowl'; the Okuz do not marker xvhich they put up nt tlie beginning of
knnw tlir word and call '3 hrt\vl' p r l i l k f i g . (sitlr) r(i:tdx t r j indic:itr thein' SIIII.
02v. 28:
 Kip. S I V oyuk I l ~ i y ~ l ' / - a l ~ r i i 1)r ayikllR IJ.N./A. fr. a y t k ; n.o.a.h., a
( I I - ~ ~ c ~ I Itea
'olfTnmto(n)ii'l-grry' ' a heap
/ J ~ ' ~ I I / I'old
,~ hn.4 pal-cntly 'onr who carries out a promise'. .a[:
of stones one on top of another tu mark some- X I KJj a y r k l ~ kt u r u r b u Glum belgU1Ug
thing' Id. 26: Osm. xlv ff. oyuk c.i.a.p., 'death manifestly keeps its promises' (a farnous
usually in Pe. and Ar. dicts. translating \rords nian does not die before his time comes) 2286.
meaning 'scarecrow, statue, heap of stones'
T T S I 554; I1 739; I11 551; I V 6 1 h . I3 ayukluk See 5 ko:k.
?ED uyuglug Hap. leg.; by its meaning a
S u y k u See udlk. P.N./A. fr. u:g; occurs in a grammatical
S a y g ~ rSee a d g l r . section as an example immediately after
ayakllg, q.v., and presumably a scribal error
for u:alug. Xak. X I uyuglug ev bayt dii
fdq5t 'a domed tent' (i.e. one with curved
S oygat- See odgur-. wooden struts) K a j . 111 5 0 , 27; n.m.e.
1
S oygan- Sce odun-. ?ED uyuklug IIap. leg.; this word has been
read in USp. 7 9 , a list of articles mainly
' aykir- 'to shout' and the Iikc. Survives in tiigek 'rnattresscs ; the phr. below comes after
several N13, NC, and SU' langunges. Ttirkii these entries and before a list of ortgiin
v r ~ rff. Man. (n large gathering of the common 'coverlets', and the transcription is based on
people did obeisance to the 1;ing) y e m e the assun>ption that it is a P.N./A. fr. uyuk
a y k l r d ~ l a 'and
r npplauded him' T T J l ro, 82. 'felt boot, woollen stocking' which exist3 in
S oygur- See odgur-. some NC and N\Y languages; see uyma:. It
is unlikely to be connected with this word; it
Trls. A Y ~ might perhaps be oyukIug 'with a pattern
of depressions, or incisions', or merely mis-
D a y a k p : N.Ag. fr. 1 a y a k : (I) 'one who transcribed. Uyg. VIII ff. Civ. b i r tatarnlg
makes cups, bowls, ctc.'; (2) 'a cup-bearer'. u y u k l u g kidiz 'one Tatars' . . . felt' USp.
Survives in SE Tiirki, SIzaeu 30. and NC Ihr., 79, 11-12,
Kzx. See D o e r p I I 630. X a k . XI aya:kyl:
(sic) al-qaffb' a potter' K a j . 111 296, 23 S a y k i r l See arkuru:.
(s1rla:-); n.m.e.: xlv Rbt. nyakqi 'cup- D ayaijslz Priv. N./A. fr. aya:g; originally
bearer' R I 208 (quotn.), 605 (agqi:); Mtrh. 'not enjoying respect'. Survives in much the
al-gadzyiri 'a lnnker of bowlq' nya:gqi: Me/. same languages as a y a g l ~ gwith the opposite
58, 5; aya:kqi: Rif. 157: F n g . xv tT. a y a k q ~ meaning to that word. Uyg. vlrr ff. Bud. V 11
'cup-bearer' VeI. 39 (rluotti ); s y a k y ~ / a y u g q i 77, 19 and 56, 36 (uquz); T T VII 40, 77
R word for 'cup-henrcr' Son 57'. 5 (same
quotn.). (.2 np).
- .
T r i s . V. AYG-
D aygu:$r: Uev. N.Ap. fr. a y - ; lit. 'one who D ayigla:- Den. V. fr. 4 aylg (aiirk); 'to dis-
speaks, or issues comniands', but in practice honour'; used in antithesis to agir1a:-. Pec.
the title of an onice. l'iirkii V I I I in the phr. to Uyg. Uyg. V I I I ff. Bud. kSni kkrtii nom
'their w a n seems to be brave, and their a y i g l a d i m t a n d i m e r s e r 'if I have dis-
a y g u g ~ :wise', T 10, 2 1 , 29, the title, which
honoured and denied the rightful true doc-
refers to Tofiukuk, is clearly a high one: Uyg. trine' S ~ i v .134, 11-12; a.o. do. 137, r .
x Bud. in the list of officials in the first P/alrl
I$ a y g u g ~( P U ) A v l u ~T a r x a n , 13, zr, hns Dis. EYG
a rather humbler position near the carpenter,
and here seems to mean merely 'forernan of S iiyik See iidik.
works'.
VU oyiik P r e l i m i n a ~note. There seem to be
D a y a g l ~ g P.N./A. fr. aya:p; originally two different words of this form, thefirst a VU
'enjoying respect'. Survives w. phonetic ,Yak. word connected with Gyiik-, the second
changes in NE Ichak.; NC Kir., Kzx., and the O@z word oyiik which is still current.
N W Kaz., K n m , usually meaning either 'com-
passionate' o r 'pitiahlc, deserving cumpnssion'. VU 1 oyiik 'quicksand': homophonnus w.
Uyg. V I I I ff. Man.-A M I z 7 , 2 (1 a : t l ~ g ) :&Ian. oyiik-. N.o.a.b., but see 2 GyUk. Xak. XI
a y a g l ~ ga t l i g k a y m 'my respected and oyiik y8:r al-'dniq mina'l-mml 'a quicksand',
famous father' TT 111 2: Bud. ayaglig that is (sand) in which footprints disappear
b o l m a k d y a n 'the meditation (I.-w.) about and their traces are effaced by water, etc.
becoming respected' TT V 10, 98; 0.0. TT Kq. I 85: K B Byiik q l m o s u g l u g bolur
VII 40. 77 ( 2 ap!; SIIW.446, 17-19: Civ. bilgeler, qlkar s u v k a y u d a a d a k tepseler
kigidln ayaglii: respected by (all) men' 'wise men come to be like quicksands or peat,
T T VII 17, 22. wherever they put their feet water emerges'
974; X w a r . x ~ voyuk 'the sediment in wine'
I) a y a k l ~ gHap. leg.(?); P.N./A. fr. 1 ayak. Qittb 122, 202 (upik).
Xak. XI aynklig tevsi: xito671 dri qag'a 'a tray
for carrying bowls' (illustration of the meaning 2 oyiik 'an artificial mound, cairn' and
of -11g) K a l III SO, 26; n.1n.e. the like. An Oeuz uurd wit11 an ill-defined
 DIS. V
(uyalu:r, uya1ma:k): Gag. xv ff. uyal- xwdlrin wa hdtlri-yi /mmm 'a lady of high birth,
( - c a n , ctc.) rrlnrr- V e / , t l z fr. (quotn.); t ~ y a l - or of the harcrn' Son. 5 7 ~ 1. I .
(spelt) xacol yrrrfnn ' t o bc ashamed' Son.
9 o r 24 (quotns.): X w a r . srv uyal- 'to feel 1) o y m a : I'ass. Ilev. N./A. fr. o:y-; s.i.a.m.l.g.
ashamed, to he shamed (by someone Abl.)' usually rneaning 'engraved or decorated work'.
Qttth 196; MN 74, etc.; Nuhc. 59, l o ; 183, 7 ; This seems to be the word used in a cryptic
351, 17: K o m . srv uyal- 'to hc ashamed' para. in IrhB about gambling. As in many
C C I , C C G ; Cr. 264 (quotns.): K l p . srv 'Turkish games, the play consisted in putting
uyal- isto/zyd; T k m . u t a n - fd. 27: xv pebbles or counters in 'holes' (1 o:y in this
istahyd u:yal-lutan- Kav. 76, 9; 7'1th. ba. lo: para.) and oyma: e r , which obviously means
O s m . xrv and xv uyal- ditto in two texts 'a gamhlcr', might mean literally 'a man who
T T S I1 940. makes holes for the game'. Tiirkti vrrr ff.
IrkB 29 (ur-).
I) oyul- I'ass. f, of o:y- ; 'to hc liollowcd out,
pierced', etc. S.i.a.111.I.d Uyg. v~rrff. Bud. D uyma: Pass. Conc. N. fr. u y - ; n.0.a.b.;
(a sick man says) t u r u k h o l r n ~ $ i m k aikt thr rcf. to 'felt boats' clearly links this word
y a n l n l ybrke (doubtful, ?read blrke) k i r l p with the rnodcrn NC word uyuk 'felt boot,
oyulup telingell t u r u r 'I~ecause1 havc be- woollen stock in^', and possibly with uyuklug,
come lean, 111y two sides havc come together q.v., and so fixes the vowel of this verb as U-.
(?) and arc hollowed out and pierced' U III Xak. xr uyrna: a/-libdu ('1-furhmr7ni) 'Iladi
37, 2-3: Xak. sr yC:r o y u l d ~ :hzrati'l-ar4 yuta.u.rad nrinhrt'l-miff 'the ('rurknien) felt
run ,unsu/ut 'the earth cr~~rnt~lccl
and sank'; and out of which hoots are made' KO$. 11 loo,
one says kiitU: oyuld:: in!nqoha'l-srr!?~ 'the 22 (basrg-); 207, 3 (talk:?-); n.m.e.: Gag.
roof was penetrated' by a downfall of rain xv ff. u y m a (spelt) xih wa mu~k'a leather, or
Kas. I 268 (oyulu:r, oyulma:k): Gag. xv ff. skin, bag', also called t u l u m , in Arabic ziqq
oyul- (spelt) kdzoida prdrzn 'to be hollowed out' Sun. 92v. 23 (110 doubt belongs here in the
San. 89v. 22 (quotn.): K o m . xlv oyul- (of the sense of something filled under pressure, a
ground) 'to sink' CCG; Gr. 175 (quotn.). meaning also inherent in tulum).
D uyul- Hap. leg.; Pass. f, of uy-. Xak. XI D *eymenq See eymencsiz.
u y u l d ~ :ne:g 'the thing was squeezed' (dr~grta),
as for exarnple flour into a sack K a j I 269
(uyulu:r, uyu1ma:k). Dis. V. AYM-
S ey1e:- See ed1e:-. e y m e n - 'to be timid, shy (of something or
sotneone, Dot. or Abl.)'; the occasional spell-
ings ay- in Uyg. were merely a device for
T r i s . V. AYL- ensuring that the word was not read as imen-.
1) aya:la:- Den. V. fr. 1 aya:; s.i.a.m.1.g. S.i.m.m.1. Cf. uvtan-, uya:d-, uyal-. Uyg.
except SC with a miucc1l;uleous set of mean- VIII ff. Bud. Sanskrit pari$acchdradyabhayam
ings 'to clap, to slap, to fondle, to grasp', etc. 'fear of being put to shame before the com-
Xak. xr ki:z aya:la:dr: snflaqnfi'l-mar'a hi munity' kuvra:gka: eyme:nma:klig (sic)
yadayhd 'the girl clapped her hands'; lr$a korkinq TT VIII A.rr; birok amtt bu
fafilm 'a correct word' ( ? , import obscure) e m g e k emgengeli k o r k s a r eymensersen
Kai. I11 328 (aya:la:r, aya:la:ma:k). 'if you now fear and are timid about suffering
this pain' U III 31. 12-13 (ii); a.0. SUV. 141, 5
D uya:la:- Den. V. fr. 1 uya:; 'to nest, (uya:d-): Xak. xr 01 m e n d i n bu: t:Sta:
to build a nest'. S.i.a.rn.l.g., in S E 'riirki eymendi: istaI~ya minni ma cabuna 'ani'l-
uvult- U$ 7931uwala- Jarring 325; SW -ipdCm fi hridz'l-amr 'he was shamed by me and
Osm. yuvala-; elsewherc uyala-. Xak. XI hesitated to proceed with this action' Kay. 1
kug uya:la:dt: 'o$ja'l-td'ir aca'ftaxada ruahar 270 (eymeniir, eymenme:k); k o r k u p a g a r
'the bird nested and made a nest' Knj. III eymenu: o y n a m a g i l 'be afraid of (God) and
328 (uya:la:r, uya:la:ma:k): Kip. xrv out of shyness and fear of Him (haydla(n) wa
yuvala- rn'ala lalttr u'nhar 'to huild a nest' Id. xatufa(n) mitshu) refrain from playing about'
99: O s m . xvr ditto T T S I V 908. 111 377, 14: K B oziim 'udrtn a y s a y e m e
e y m e n u 'if 1 shyly make my excuses' 19r;
a g a r e y m e n u r m e n '1 am rather afraid of
Dis. AYM it' 777; 0.0. 204, 5069, 5869; Gag. xvff.
I) a y i m 1 a:y with 1st I'ers. Poss. Suff.; e y m e n ufan hicEb cyle 'be ashamed and em-
lit. 'my moon', but often used, like tegrim. barrassed' Vd. 35 (quotn.); i n m e n - (so spelt.
as a Noun for 'beautiful, or distinguished, in error) ihtirriz harrlan u.a $arm hardan 'to be
woman'; the transitional stage is seen in Kai. cautious and shy' San. 113v. 18 (quotns.):
where the Po~s. Suff. still had its ordinary X w a r . xrrr e y m e n - 'to be shy' 'Ali 47; X I V
meaning but a:y is already used meta- ditto Qtclb 19 (eymenmeklik 'modesty', mis-
phorically. Survives in SE Tiirki B$' 10; spelt 58); MN 252; k o r k a e y m e n u Nahc.
NC Klr. and some SC dialects. Xak. xr 76, 4: Kom. xtv 'to be shy' e m e n - / h e n -
s a t t l m e n i g a:ylml: hci'n xridinri hi-gayr idni C C G ; Gr.: O s m . xlv to xvr eymen- 'to he
'he sold niy servant without my permission' dtfident, shy (of people Abl.)' in several texts
Kuf. 11 193, 6 ; n.1n.e.: Gag. xv ff. a y t m T T S I 2 R g ; I1 413; 111 277.
 as an evil): X I I I ( ? )'I'cf. oyltlluyun ' K n ~ ~ i c ,
1) eymenqsiz I'riv. N./A. fr. *eymenq, atnl~sctncnt' 2.34-5: xrv ~lltrh. 01-la'h run'/-
N./A.S. fr. eymen-. N.0.a.b. Uyk. V I I I ff. -1nhru 'gnrl~e,pastime' oyu:n hlrl. 63, 12; Rij.
Bud. Sanskrit drrrmorlngrrnn 'sharncle~s' ey- 162: (;a& xv if. oyn (spclt) brizi zca huzl
menqsiz T T V l l l A.48; (1 have told you of 'garnc, playfulness', also pronou~~ccdoyun
the desires in my mind) eymcnssiz kogillin Son. yzv. 23; reverse entry r/o. 28 (quottl.):
'without a thought of shyness' U 111 82, 20. X w a r . xlv oyun 'game', ctc. QtrtL I 10: K o m .
xrv 'game' oyn C C I ; Gr.: KIP. x ~ voyun
Dis. AYN 01-fn'b Id. 26.
D ayrg See ay1gla:-. D aylnq N.Ac. fr. I nyrfi-; n.o.a.t). in the phr.
korkinq ayrn$, Uyg. V I I I ff. I h d . (that marl)
?F Qyin (sic, as in T T VIII, not ijin as spelt korkrnq aylnq b u l m a z (or b o l m a z ? ) 'has
hitherto) pcc. to Uy5. (but see 1 yrr). Its no fear (lfend.)' (of hecomitig wicked) U I1
n~canings are discussed at length in v. G. 30, 93-4; o.0. U 11157, r (i); 7:~. 18a. 2.
Al'G, para. 296; although sometimes used
as an ildv. in such phr. as byin kezigqe, it is I) iylnq N.Ac. fr. lyin-; n.o.a.1). in the p l ~ r .
norninlly a Postposn. following a noun in the lyrnq baslrlq 'oppressi(~n,persecution', and
unsuffixed or Dat. case and meaniny: 'becnuse the like. 'l'iirkii ~ I I ff.
I R.Jan.-A (we d o only
of, according to, in accordnnre with', and the what Cod corn~nnridchut) yiiztimliz u t r u l u g
like. It is therefore practically syn. w. the lyln$ bnslrrq alp e[nigekler?] eriir 'per-
Khotanese Saka Postposn. iAi, see S. Konow, secution (llend.) and grievous sufferings(?)
I'ritrrer of Kltotan~se Sakn, para. 95, and is corifront us' T7' 11 6, 6 ; 8.0. do. 15 (a@:):
proli. a I.-w. fr. that word. 'l'his is more Uyg, vlIr fF. Mnti. (he has sufl'ered many
satisfactory than v. G.'s suggestion, loc. cit., kinds of lylnq basrnc M 11137, 14 (ii)).
that it and a supposed word *iye, which is
prob. merely a misreading of by(i)n, are D oyna:k Conc. N. fr. oyna:-; lit. 'a play-
derived fr. a hypothetical verb *iy-. Uyg. thing' with various special applications, esp.
vllr ff. Man. a z bilig Qyin ... nyrg k l l m ~ 'a fl~ghtywoman'. S.i.a.m.1.~.except SI*:(?).
Byin 'because of Just . . . because of wicked- Xak. xr oyna:k i9le:r 01-nrar'arrr'l-!rrlaC-
ness' T T 11 16, 26-7; a.o. do. 3 5 : Bud. attc'l-xuba'a 'a woman who peeps out and
Sanskrit ye elfin afrtry6spanli 'those who hides again' Kaj. I 120: Gag. xvff. oynak
will follow these' kim1e:r muga: QyQn(sic) 'a place (znmini) that a gazelle digs out
ba:rsa:la:r ; te:gri bu:rxa:n eykn ba:rda:- (k6widri) with his feet and makes his sleeping
q ~ l n : r ~ugk l t u r '(this signifies those who walk place' San. 92v. 26 (the translation implies
according to (the precepts of) the divine a false etymology fr. o:y-).
Buddha)' T T VIII A.16-17; onrrprirvanr
pnrijitri 'those urho hare adapted themselves 1) oyna:$ T l e r . N. fr. oyi1a:-; ctyrnologicnlly
\
to the (proper) order' 6yBn ke:zigqe t i i ~ u t - and scrilariticnlly very close to oyna:k but
lenilrniq do. B. I I ; a.0. do. F. 14 (ulal-); with a slight cot~r~otationof reciprocity,
kogiil Byin taplnqa kusu$leri t e r k k a n a r usually '~)riewho engages in an illicit love
'his wishes are quickly fulfilled in accordance affair'. S.i.a.nl.1.p. See Docrfcr I1 671. Xak.
with his ideas' U 1 2 7 , 8; kiigiil 6yin U I11 X I oyna:$ 01-mor'ntrr'llati lilt9 nratr ynrhaqrrltri
43, lo: IT' 12, 114 etc.; t a p Byin Snv. 245. hnrdrna(t1) 'a \vonmn who has a secret lover'
22; eyin kezigqe 'one after anotl~er,in suc- Kag. I 120: xlv Mtrli. a/-trra'yriq 'a loved one'
cession' U I1 22, 8: I11 35, 16: miscellaneous oynn:q 11lef. 49, 15; e$i:k (?corrvption of
0.0, U I1 49, 23; I11 79, 4 (ii) (evril-); Srrv. 'nfiq), o:yna:q in margin ]ti/. 144: (jag.
101, 18; 133, 16; 349, ro; 596, 22. xv ff. oynaq mo'piq-i zan San. ytv. 24: Kom.
xlv 'cor~cuhine,harlot' oynaq CCI, CCG;
? D oyun 'game, play, n~errirnent' and the Gr.: Krp. xlv oyna:g a/-mo'g~iqa Id. 27;
like; considering the importance of holes in Ruf. 9, 5 : xv mn'priq oynaq Tuh. 3zb. lo:
T u r k i ~ hgames (see oyma:) the possibility O s m . xlv if. oynag 'illicit lover, concubine';
that this is a Dev. N. fr. o:y- cannot be com- c.i.a.p., esp. in AT. and Pe. dicts. T T S I
pletely excluded. S.i.a.m.l.g. Tiirkii VIII ff. 554: 11739; I11 551; I V 616. t

hlan. Ukiig tBrlug teg oyunun 'with many

kinds (Hend.) of amusements' TT 118, 58;
a.0. do. 66 (agrunq): Uyg. vrlr ff. Man.-A Dis. V. AYN-
(they curse and swear at one another, and this D *ayan- See aynnqag.
cursing and swearing, like idiots) sogiigce
oyunqa s n k a n u r 'they think of as abuse and 1 ayln- used only in association with kork-
amusement' M 1 10, 19: Bud. T T X 144-5 and no doubt more or less syn. w. it. One of
( 1 ~ r ) : Ciz*. o n k a t kag o y u n y a g k u s ~ the words for 'to fear' in Mong. is nyi- (Kom.
eqidilur 'the echo of the ten-fold koj game is 2. I l o l ~ o d
I ) but the xllr form is ayu- (Ilrzetrisch
heard' TT 1 94-5: Xak. XI o y u n a/-la'ib 11) and the resemblance is prob. fortuitous.
sport' Kof. 1 85: 01 oyu:nda: kaldr: N.o.a.h. T u r k u vlrr ff. k o r k m n : erlgii:ti:
trrrika fi'l-rihdn 'he was left behind in the race' Btu:n, ayt:nma: edgii:ti: yalvar 'fear not,
I1 25. 4: KB oyunkn katrlmasa Bigin tilln pray well' (twice in difl'erent words) IrkB 19:
'if he does not take part in sport with hand Man. (gap) korkrnaz nyrnmaz M 111 lo,
and tongue' 709; a.o. 2093 (oyun 'gambling', 6 (iii).
 (ay1glu:k) 'slandcr, aln~sc', survives in NC
Ktr. Xak. X I K I j ayrgiamasunlar sen1
1) lyrn- Ilcll. f, of l y - ; sur\,ive%o~ily(?)i n xalq a r a , atlo a r t a m a s u n m u m keg k6r-e
NC Klr. 1yln- 'to strive, strain unesclf'. Uyk. 'let them not slander you among the people;
vrrr ff. Dud. tylnur b a s l n u r 'they suffer let not your reputation deteriorate, look well
oppression' 7.7' VI 10 (rnistranscril)ed iyiniir to this' 4463.
and with a false etymology in the note thereon):
Xak. xr e r ryrndl: achodo'l-racul tobi'atohrc
Dis. AYR
ji ixnici'l-barzz 'the man exhausted hilnself
defecating' Kaj. I 2 6 9 (lylnur, 1ylnma:k). S e y e r See eder.
S oyan- See o d u n - P U D u y a r this word has hren read in two
0. Krr. rx ff. and one Tiirku vrrr ff. Yen.
1) oyna:- Dm. V. fr. o y u n ; 'to play' and the inscription, Mal. 10, I 7, and 28; for the text
likc; sometimes Intrans., sopetin~es'to play uf the last see E inilgii:. This last passage and
(a game, nlusicz~l instrument, etc., Acc.)' and Mal. lo, 2 yuz e r k a d a g ~ muyarln uqun
sometimes 'to play \\,it11 (someone Acc. or stand together; in both u y a r could he an Aor.
Dot.)'; there is sometinics a connotation of of u:- used as a Noun to mean 'ability';
;~mc>rousdalliance. Clyg. \,III If. Uud. (J' II 'because of the ability of rny hundred kins-
26, 6 (illnqii:le:-): Xak. xr cifil~tnccurrences men' and, in 28, 4, 'because of the ability of
but n.m.e.; sornctin~estranslatcil lrr'iha, e.g. my elder and younger brothers', but in that
01 m e n l g birle: oyna:d~: ln'iha mo'i 'he case the mord niight well be u y u r , q.v. This
played with me' 11 226, 12; rind snmctimes explanation does not suit MaL 17 where the
ld'nbn, e,g. iqtln a g a r oynayu: Irino ld'ahrrchte word has been read three tinies u y a r k a -
ridxila'l-dzr 'when I dallied with him in the
house' I zzs, 28; o y n a p meni: fa-ld'abani
. ..
d t n l m uciin 1 7 , z ; u y a r beglmke: uyar
kadaglmka: I 7, 3; this text is a very unsatis-
'and he dallied with me' I 226, z: KB ellk factory one, and it would not be too difficult,
k u l m i z o y n a r qQqek1c.riize 'the roebuck and epigraphically speaking, to correct the word to
his doc play among the flowers' 79: XIII(?) 6:z; 'for the sake of my o x n relations by mar-
Tef. oyna- 'to play, amuse oneself' 234: xrv riage'; (1 have heen parted from) 'my own
la'ihn o:yna:- Me/. 31, I ; RiJ. I 1 5 ; mozaha beg . . . and my own kinsmen': T a l a s rx ff.
'to joke' ditto 31, 5 ; r rg: Gag. xv ff. oyna- (?) Talas 115 (see Bzge:).
hdz harclan 'to play' Sun. 91r. 3 (rluotns.):
X w a r . ~ I I I ( ?ditto
) 02. 12: x ~ vditto Qrtfb D u y u r presumably Aor. of u:- used as a
I 15; M N rzg; Nolrc. 183, I I : Kom. xrv 'to Noun; 'capable, powerful', and the like, cf.
play' oyna- C C I ; Gr.: Krp xrrr Irr'iba oyna:- uga:n and see uyar. T i i r k u V I I I ff. (the xan
Iforc. 34, 14: xrv ditto fd. 26: O s m . xrvff. mounted the throne and established his court)
oyna- 'to lose (sotnethinu) garnhlin~' In t o r t bu1u:gtakl edgii:si: uyu:rl: t6ri:li:pen
scvcr;~ltexts TI'S I I I 551; I V 616. tnegi:leyti:r bedi:zleyti:r 'his good and
capable men in all quarters of the world
1) oynat- Caus. f. of oyna:-; 'to make, or assemble, rejoice and adorn (his court)' I r k B
let (someone) play'. S.i.a.rn.1.g. with various 28: U y k vrrr ff. Man. the word has been
idiomatic meanings. Xak. xr 01 ant: oynattl: restored in Blig begler [uyu]rlarnrg 'of the
nl'ahahrc Kay. I 271 (oynatur, oyn9tma:k): king, begs and pouerful men' Wind. 31:
Gag. xv ff. oynat- bciziJnrntr:dorr Son. 91r. 2: ( X w a r . XI\,u y u r in Qzefh 197 idcntified with
(quotA.): X w a r . x ~ oynut-
v to illlow to play t h ~ word
s looks more like a finite verb).
Q11tb r 16.
uyiir some kind of small seed, 'millet' or the
T r l s . AYN like. The Brahmi ( T T VIII) spelling uyttri
D ayanqag N./A. of IIsbituol Action fr. uzould nonnally be read u r i or uyurt but is
a y a n - the Refl. f. of ayn:- \ihich is not the only convenient way of writing iiyliri in
recorded before the ti~cdievnl period, Kom. this alphabet. In the Uyg. script the word is
xrv C C G ; Gr.; 'reverent'. Uyg.#vrrr ff. Man. sometimes spelt iiyiir, sotnetimes rcyr and
ayanqag k6giilin yiikiingu worshipping sometimes rcyr, ?for iiy(ii)r. T h e Xak. form
with a reverent mind' I'T I11 2: Bud. ayan- iigiir is unexpected and prob. represents the
qag kBgulln Hiien-tr. 1806. same word in a different dialect. There is dis-
agreement about the meaning of k a z liyiiri:;
D Byinki N./A.S fr. Byin; n.o.a.1,. Uyg. Miiller in a note in PJahl. 14 says that in an
vrrr ff. Dud. (the soft clouds gleam in even unpublished tcxt (T 111 56-4) it corresponds
ranks in due season (6dlnqe)) uzgen y a g m u r to Chinese su mo 'Perilla ocymoides' (Giles
tiikiiltir Kg Qyinki koluda 'the dashing rain 10,320 7,969), and V. G. in a note in T T VIII
teerns down at the moment xi-hich accords 68 that in Srcv. 476, rz it corresponds to
\vitIi the season' Srcv. 566, 3-4. Chinese chieh tzil 'mustard seed' (Giles 1,525
11,317). N.0.a.b. Uyg. vrrr ff. Bud. k a z
T r i s . V. AYN- u y u r i PJahl. 6, 6 (tilug); Srco. 476. 1 2 (see
13 ay1gla:- IInp. leg.(?); ])en. V. Fr. *aylg, above): Civ. (gap) k a z u y u r i b u o t l a r '. . .
1)ev. N. fr. ay-. 'i'he N.Ag. fr. this Noun, and mustard seed(?), these drugs' TT I'III
aylgq1 'slanderer' is noted in Kom. srv C C G ; M.25: uyiir !rcyrtr) tiigisi 'husked millet' T T
Gr., and a Uev. N. fr. this verh a y ~ g d o : VII 14, 8 ; In USp, rzo and 123 there are
 DIS
several nlentions of yCti (or sume other 'slaves' arc called aya:s, y~rjnhbrrh lo/$
nurneral) kiirl iiyiir (rtyrrr) 'seven (etc.) pecks rcachihi bilri 'as a simile for the brightness of
of millet'; bir gtk u y u r (rrjr) 'one shill (ten tlieir faces' Kai; I 123: Gag. xvff. ayaz
pecks) of millet' do. 31, y; I> o. do. 14, 14; jab-i $(if-i bi-abr ;I clcnr, cloudlccs night'; and
32, 2: Xak. X I iigiir 01-d~rrtr 'inda'l-lurk also the name of a page (g~rldin)of Sultan
'millet' among the 'I'urks; the 0guz do not blahn~fid Sabuktegin who was his fnvourite
know the word (in this sense) Kaf. 1 5 4 ; a.o. (mn'$~ig)San. 5 7 r 2: K o m . x ~ v'clear, cloud-
11 121, g ( k a t ~ l - ) ;yiigiir alternative form less' ayaslayaz CCI, C C G ; G r . : KIP. s v
(ltrga Ji) of ugiir 'millet' III 9: K B g a k a r $a!tw'clear weather' ayaz Ttrh. 21b. 13: O s m .
halw5 ykgll yfi a r p a Ciyur (sic) 'the man who xvr a y a z 'clear, cloudless' in two texts T T S
eats sugar and sweetmeats, or barley and 1176; I V 47.
millet' (goes to sleep full and wakes up empty)
3612: ORuz X I ya:g iigiirl: 01-rimrim 'sesame Dis. V. AYS-
seed' K a ~ .154. S eysil- Sce eksil-.
S ayru: See a d r ~ : .
Dis. V. AY$-
a y r a k 'ibex' See l v ~ k . I) oyu$- Co-op. f. of o:y-. Survivcs i r ~several
S ayrlk See adrrk. N E dialects, I<hak., and 'l'uv., usually for 'to
I,ecomt. concave or distorted' and N C I<zx.
S a y r u k See adruk. OYIS- ( I ) 'to help (someone) to break through
(ice, etc.)'; (2) 'to walk or ride on a curve, not
S e y r f m See edrim. straight'. X a k . sr o1a:r ikki: ka:gu:n o y u g d ~ :
'those two competed in hollowing out (fi
?D ayra:n 'butter milk' or the like; if this tnqnvir) a melon'; also used for helping Kay.
could be taken to mean lit. 'something I 2 6 8 ( o y u ~ u r oyugma:k).
,
separated', it could be taken as a Dev. N. fr.
ayr- ( a d ~ r - ) ,but it is very odd that such a D 1 uyug- I-Iap. leg.; Co-op. f. of uy-. Xak.
sound change should have occurred in Xak.. XI 01 a g a r ka:pka: u:n u y u g d ~ 'he
: helped him
and it is prob. merely a false etymology. to squeeze (fiqadd) the f o u r into a sack (etc.)'
S.i.a.m.1.g. See Iloerfer I1 639. Xak. XI Kaa. I 2 6 8 (uyugur, uyu$ma:k).
ayra:n n/-mcixid (error; read al-tna.uid) 'butter-
milk' Kay. I 120: slv M~tir.a/-maxid ayra:n; S 2 uyug- See u ~ I $ - .
01-zrrbci rcn'l-samun 'fresh and melted butter'
ayrn:n ya:&: hfrl. 66, 9; Rif. 166 (mis-spelt
in part): KIP. xrlr al-nrasid ayra:n I ~ O U16, .
12: xrv (aylr- jorrapa 'to separate') and
Dis. AYZ
01-rd'ib 'butter-milk', from which the butter aya:z See aya:s.
has been extracted is cnlled a y r a k and a y r a n ,
nl-i~rrrjarrnq;nnd in KIP. n y r a n is al-qdri~ V U uyaz 'sonic kind or kinds vf biting inscct,
'sour milk' fd. 27 (ayrak is otherwise un- fly, gnat, mosquito', etc. Survives only in S W
known in Turkish, it is the Mong. word Osm., \vhere Red. (only) lists uyaz, ?oyaz
(possibly a Turkish I.-xv.) oyirnk 'kumis', (272) and ivez (312)~and xx Anat., where the
Kocc.. 8, IJ(11tod 2); a/-(j(iri;c nyrn:n nu/. 8, 3: forms are so various ivez/iviz/iiven/Ovez
xv labnir 'milk' (intm alia) . . . a y r n n Ttrh. 3 I b. (comn~on)/uyaz~iivez S D D 802, etc. that it is
12. impossible to decide whether the vowels were
originally back or front. Oguz XI uyaz al-
Dis. V. ATR- -homac niiiia'l-ba'lid 'gnat, or mosquito' Kag.
S nylr- See adrr-. I 84: xrv h4uh. 01-qarqas 'a small flea' u:yaz
Me!, 74, 8; Rif. 177: KIP. X I I I a/-t~~imlis
'gnat'
S uyar- See odgur-. uya:z How. 10, 12: xrv uyaz al-bar& 'gnat'
S a y r ~ l - See a?rll-. Id. 27 ; Brrl. I I , I (mis-spelt ayur): xv bar&$
iyaz Tub. 7b. 8; ndmlis uyaz do. 36b. 3: O s m .
S aYrr$- See a d n g - . xlv ff. uyaz 'gnat, mosquito' in several early
texts; fr. XVI used in Ar. and Pe. ilicts. to
Dls. AYS translate several words, some meaning larger
stinging insects; lvez/iivez sporadically fr. xv
I'U aya:s (?aya:z) 'hright, clo~~dless',occa- T T S I 753; I1 961; I11 739; I V 811 (all
sionally, because winter days in the steppes under iijez).
are often cloudless, 'very cold'. T h e final
sound is uncertain; in Uy& it might be either; S uyuz See uduz.
in Kay. it is -s, hut as Kai. also spells the Neg.
Sufi. -ma:s, not -ma:z this may be a dialectic Mon. AZ
peculiarity. S.i.a.n~.l.g., a y a s in NE, nyaz
else~x-here.See Dorrfer I 1 628. Uyg. V I I I ff. a:z Preliniinary note. Tltere are tllrt-e d~flerenl-
Bud. ayaz (or ayns?) appears in two P.N.s tcords in the early texts: (I) a:z 'ferv'; (2) a:z
in the third 'Pfahl', Ay a. lnal, A r i g a. anal 'Irrsl', a Middle Iranian /.-to.; (3) Az the name
Pfalrl. 23, 16: Xak. xr aya:s ko:k al-samd'l- of a tribe, ruhich occtrrs only in Tiirhii, and
-mtrj!~iyn 'a bright sky'; and nl-mamiilik, has not nl7anys ~ P P I Ir ~ c o p ~ i z ~TIIP
d . passages in
rclrich it vcrtrrsare I E m , I1 I< 17; I E 3 R ; 1 N z , 'follow the footprints of the wise' 225; Tef.
3 ; T 23, 2 4 ; in I N 5 , 8 the name of one of Kul Id (sic) 'track' 122: X I V Muh. al-ifr 'ola"1-ard
T4rin'r horsrs is Az yagtzr: 'the bay horse 'a track on the nround' i:z Mel. g3, I I ; ~ i j .
(!ohm)front the A z ' . 189: Gag. sv ff. f z nifdn-i qadam wa ilr-i
pi 'footprint' (Hend.) Son. Iolr. 5 (quotn.):
1 a:z 'few, scanty, a little'. S.i.a.m.l.g.; in X w a r . xrv iz 'track' Qutb 62; M N 260: K o m .
N E a s . Tiirkti vrrr. a z boduntg t i k i i : ~ xrv ditto C C G ; Gr.: Klp. xrv i:z 01-i!r Id. 12:
klldrm 'I made the scanty people numerous' xv ditto Tuh. qb. 9: Osm. xrv iz 'footprint';
I S ro, II N 7; similar phr. I I? 19 (11 E 16); c.i.a.p. in phr. T T S I 397; II 556; I11 391;
I E 29, I1 E 24; 11E 14 ( I E 17); 0.0. of a z I v 447.
'few' I E 40; II E 32; T 3y; Ongin 7: vrrr ff.
(at the beginning of this omen) a:z (sic) oz, uz, 62, ijz Preliminary note. S ~ x hwords
emgeki: b a r 'it has a little pain' IrkB 57: are hard to distinguiih in oriental scripts. There
P
Man. (the king's heart) a z k o a d ] 'weakened is no clcor trace of o z as a Noun. There is
a little' T T I1 6, 30: Uyg. v r r a z e r ~ t ( t ) l m crrtainly one U:z, pro6. not more than two o:z,
'I sent a few men' $11. E 11: vrlt ff. Man.-A and more than one i l : ~ . n e r e is some doubt
M I 35, 4 and 12 (agaru:): Bud. a z udrg
'sleep a little' PP 55, 5 ; a z e d r e m l i g t o y ~ n about the pronunciation of 'jat', but the m i -
'(I) a monk of little virtue' Hiirn-tr. 2050: Civ. dettcr points towarrls u:z.
kiigl(i0 [kiikUz]ii0 blitmeki a z 'the achieve-
ments of your mind are scanty' T T 182-3; u:z 'a skilled craftsman'; hence. of a man
0.0. do. 150; If 11 18, 64; U S p . 22. 49: Xak. or his work, 'skillef', and hy extension, of
X I a:z ne:g nl-jay'rr'l-qnlil 'something scanty' inanimate objects, perfect, in sound con-
K a j . I 80: a t a n yuki: ag bolsa: agka: a z dition'. S.i.m.m.l.g., with much extended
(sic) kiiriiniir 'if a camel has a load of food, to meanings in SW. See Dorrfrr 11 593. T u r k u
a hungry man it seems scanty' 1 7 5 , 2 5 : K B V I I I UZIR prob. 'skilled work' occurs in a
tiyug s o z l e m e siiz b i r e r sozle a z 'do not damaged passage in II S i Y ; see also I 6:z:
say many words, say a few one at a time' 172; vrrr ff. Yen. U z Bilge: Gaggl: P.N. Mal. 31,
0.0. 335-6, 734, 866 (2 kl:z), 4580: XIII(?)At. I : Uyg. vlrr ff. Man.-A M I 16, 13-1 j (edsiz):
a z 'few', etc., is common; Tef. ditto 41: xrv Man. k a l t t uz ki$i u z l a n g u e d b u l m a s a r
Mtth. 01-qalil a z Mel. 56, I ; 82, 15; Rif. 153, 'just as a craftsman, if he cannot find material
188: Gag. xv ff. a z andak 'few, a little' Sun. fit to be skilfully wrought' ?M I 17, I : Bud.
3 9 r 5: X w a r . xrv ditto Qutb 17; MN49,etc.; tbgin k o p u z k a e r t i ~ i ui z e r t i 'the prince was
a z l n azln 'little by little' Qutb 18: K o m . srv extremely skilful in (playing the) guitar' PP
'a little' a z CCG; Gr. 45 (quotn.): KIP. X I I I 70, 6-7; 0.0. do. 2, 5-6 (We:-); U I1 33, 4;
al-qalil (opposite to 'many' k6p, etc.) a z Horr. TT V I I 28,49 and 55; in some phr. it hardly
25, 14: X I V ditto; a z bold^: itira qalil hi-ma'nd means more than 'completely' e.g. uz a g ~ l m l g
qalla Id. r 2: sv qalil a z Kav. z + , 15; Trrh. gegeklig 'with fully opened flowers' U 1156,
84a. 8: Osm. xrv fF. ax in several phr.; c.i.a.p. 3 (i); 0.0. T T VJJI A.15; I?.IO; E.j9(odun-):
T T S 163-6; 1189; I11 57-8; I V 62-3. Civ. (in a cure for sore throat; if one does this
two or thrcc times) k e z e u z a p l u r 'it passes
T: 2 n:z 'lust'; I.-w. fr. Middle Persian "2, off and is completely cured' If I 154; in T T
same meanlnc. Pec. to Uya. in which it is fairly VII 13, 43 and 52 uz tegrlsi is the equivalent
common. Uyk. vrrr ff. Man.-A M I 16, 5 ; of the Indian deity Lakgrna: xrv Chin.-Uyf.
17, 8 etc.; Man. T T I I 16, ry and 25; I11 28; bict. chiang j6n 'craftsman' (Giles, I ,246 5,624)
Bucl. a z k ~ l l n ccorresponding to Sanskrit u z kivi Ligeti 275; R I 1742: Xak. u:z k i ~ i :
'lust', lit. 'thirst' U 11 9, 2 and 7; a z instin ~in'u'f-yadaynmtihir fi hirfatihi 'a man
bilig ditto do. 13, 2; 0.0. do. 11, 15 etc. who is skilful with his hands and expert at
( a l m l r ) ; 76, 14; 86, 31; T T V I 71 (see note his craft' Kaf. 1 4 6 : K B tili u z s6zi 'the words
thercon); Strv. 133, 18 etc. of his tongue were skilful' 531 ; bter u z igi 'he
S 3 a:z See a:s. arranges his affairs skilfully' 4814; Chap. 60,
4456 ff. deals with u z l a r 'craftsmen'; 0.0.
i:z (?I:z) 'footprint, track, trace', lit. and 805, 1707, 2660, 5992 (yorgiiqi:): xrrz(?) At.
metaph. I Z I in ~ K B 4411 seems to he the a n l n u z e r i i r b u kitGb 'therefore this book
Acc. of this word and suggests that it was is skilfully written' 477: X I V Mtrh. (in a list of
originally I:Z. S.i.a.m.l.g.; in NE is. See words in which tctiw is pronounced u:) nl-
Dorrfer 11 470. U y g vrlr ff. Bud. (although -!tinit wall-usttid 'craftsman, skilled worker'
the all-wise Buddha has deigned to enter u:z Mel. 5, 9 ; 51, 11; Rij. 75, 147; al-mzrrfa'-
Nirvir>a) kodmlcj izi 'the footprints which he -iddo 'a capable woman' u:z Mel. 53, 2; Rif.
has left' (still remain) Hiirn-ts. 92; (I have 149: Gag. xv ff. u z balig- ma sancida ma mtihir
ventured to follow) l d u k l a r izi k u t l u g y6r 'efficacious, experienced, skilled' Son. 73v 3:
o r u n k a 'the footprints of the saints to the holy X w a r . xrv u z 'sage' (N. and Adj.) Qutb 201 :
place' do. 21 1-12: Xak. XI i:z (so read, the KIP. xrv u:z ol-itini'tr'l-mrihir Id. rz: xv labiq
MS. has a:z corrected to i z ) kt111xadiafi'l-ard 'skilled' (cjeber and) u z Tuh. 31h. 6: O s m .
wa'l-cild t~ila(n) 'any long scratch in the ground xrv ff. u z c.i.a.p.; ori~inally'skilled', it came
or the skin' K a f . 1 8 0 : K B at1 kalda i z 'his by xv to mean also 'clever, sensible' and by
name remains as a trace (of him)' 235; 0.0. , XVII even 'suitable, convenient' TTS 1737-9;
871: 877, 5264: XIII(?)A t . billglig izi izlegil 11943-5 ; 111725 ; Iv 797.
 h l O N . V. A Z - 279
(undcr 1 0:z ctc.) (7) ( ( 1 ~ )and in N~imigil-i Qrrtb 17: KIP. X I I I dnlla mina'l-doldl az- Ifou.
rnlpanda 'clinging mud' .Tan. 7 3 ~ 15 . may he 41, 17: X I V az- dalla Id. 12: xv axta'a wa
the same word; Sam. 2-31 glvcs 'sticky mud' fdha 'to go aqtray, have a disordered mind' az-
as one of the meaninas of 1 837.. Tuh. 6a. 12; dnlIa az- do. 23b. I ; fasadn wa
f M a 'to be vicious, have a disordered mind'
2 U:Z Imperat. of iiz-,used in Hend. with thc az- do. z8b. 7 ; a.0. do. 27a. I I (uu): Osm.
Imperat. of bu:z- as a Nnuri; it is one of the xlv ff. az- (I) 'to lose one's way'; (2) 'to de-
standard vices or passiorls, usually c o m i n ~ after teriorate, go bad'; c.i.a.p. TTS I 65; I1 88;
anger, lust, and the like; etymologically it 111 57 ; I V 64.
should mean 'destructiveness' hut according to
TT 111 27, note 33 it corresponds in M III 19, ez- basically 'to scratch (sorncthing Acc.)' w.
16 (i) to yiian 'hatred' (Giles 13,716) in the some extcndcd meanings. S.i.a.m.1.g. except
Chinese original of that text. N.0.a.h. T u r k u NE(?). Xak. X I ol y6:rni: ezdi: (omission)
V I I I ff. Man. iiz buz bllig as the first of the al-ard wa xadoga'l-cild ma nahzuahu 'he
evil hili,qs M III 19, 16 (i);4.o. Chtms. 120: (ploughed) the land and scratched the skin,
Uyg. V I I I ff. Man.-A iiz buz M 111 13, 5 and the likc' Kay. I 165 (eze:r, ezme:k):
(iii): Man. T T 111 33 (u1o:tk:): 13ud. Opke iiz x ~ vMuh. tarada 'to cntml,le and dip' (e.g.
b u z kOgUl t u t d u m e r s e r 'if I havc cherished bread in soup) ez- Mpl. 25, 15; Rif. 107;
thoughts of anger or hatred' U I1 76, 8; 85, al-lard e z m e k (nrmak in text, corrected in
.,, T T I V 8., 77.
2<: ,- margin) I I Q (only): Gag. xv ff. Bz- (spelt)
s8yid0,; 'to- c;ushi ~ a n . ~ c o v . 5 (quoin.):
V U 3 ii:z Hap. leg.; inadvcrtentlv omitted in
the printed text. ~ T a l transcribcd
a~ ri=, asoum-
X-w a.r . xlv
- - Nahr.
... . 7.P. d \ d r -
.. ... n < . c (1 var): KID. xrv
- - - ez-
lrnlla bi-nta'nfi dawPDaha'tl, melt (something)'
ing a connection with iizne:- hilt this is a falsc Idfd. xv ez- &ba ditto K ~ 9,~20;. 76, 3 ;
etymology. Perhaps survives in N C Krr. e z &ba 'to melt' (Intrans.) &i-, Cz- Tub. 16b. 3
'deaf'. See am:-. Xak. X I (between 1 ii:z and (dazvwo& has proh. fallen out between the
1 0 2 ) ii:z al-asntnm 'deaf'; one says ii:z kigi: mo),
O:Z- basically 'to outstrip (sometimes some-
Mon. V. AZ- one Acc.)', hence 'to escape (from something
Abl.); to surpass (someone Acc.)'. S.i.a.m.1.g.
a:z- 'to go astray, to lose one's way'; some- Tiirkii vnr b e g b a l ~ k anl: iiqiin ozdl:
times used as a quasi-Trans. with Objects 'BCgbalik therefore escaped' II E 28; 0.0. I N
like yo:l 'way1. Practically syn. w. 2 ya:z-. 7 (aglt-); II E 31: vrrr ff. I r k B 13, etc.
S.i.a.m.l.g. Turklivllr tegri: bilge: xaganta: (olum); a.o. do. 49: Uyg. vrrr ff. Man. ozku
a d r ~ l m a l l r na z m a l t m 'let us not be parted k u t r u l k u yo1 y ~ g a k ~'the
g way (Hend.) of
from Tegri Bilge Xagan and go astray' Ongin escape and ~alvation'T T 111 63; 0.0. do. 126,
r I : vrlr ff. kug ogli: uqa: a:ztl: (sic) k6yi:k 135, 139 (adall&), etc.; M 111 35, 3 (ii): Bud.
oR11: yiigii:rii: a:ztt: 'the young birds lost PP 51, 8 ff. (etoz); USp. 1ozc. 7 (anqak~iia);
their way flying and the young decr running' oz- k u t r u l - T?' I V 12, 5 0 ; V 22, 39;a.o.0.:
lrkI3 15; a:zmn:zun t6p yBrgi: yara:ttz: 'he Civ. b u a d a d l n ozguluk yolug o r u n u g
got hold(?) of a guide, so as not to lose the koziinmez 'a way and placc of escape from
way' T~in.111 6-7 ( E T Y I 1 94); and 3 0.0.: this danger does not appear' TT I 20-1:
Uyfi. vlrr ff. Man.-? nzmlg m u n t n l g t e r s y e m e e s e n o z a r 'and she cscapes in good
azafi n o m l a g l a r false (I lend.) prcachen health' H I 100: Xak. X I anlg atl: o:zdl: 'his
who have gone astray (FJend.)' A4 111 29, 3-4 horse won' (sahaqn); a190 ured of anyone who
(ii): R4an. a z m l g l a r k a yolql ybrqi (MS. outstrips someone else (sabaqa 'an ~ a j ~ m h t i )
ye'rt~i)boltuguz 'you havc become a guide Kaf. I 173 (o:za:r, o:zma:k); ozga:n a t faras
(I-{end.) to those who have gone astray' TT sabbdq 'a horse thst always wins' I 470, 24:
111 69: Civ. yo1 a z s a r ev t a p m a z 'if a man K B ozu b o l m a d ~(the wicked man) 'could
lorez his way, he docs not find his home' T T I not win' 248: xlrr(?) At. tetiklikte k e n d u
33; b u ogul klz a z m a g u yalgagu v u 01 'this A y a s h n ozup 'himself surpassing Ayas in
is an a~nm~let (I.-w.) which hoys and girls should shrewdness' 55: Tef. a/-sZbiqlin o z g a n l a r 234:
lick srr as not to po astray' TT VII 27, 4: X I V A.l!th. sohnqn o:z- Alp[. 27, I ; oz- Rf. I I I ;
0. Klr. I X ff. Afnl. lo, 3 ctc. (1 a:y): Xak. xr 01-sdbiq ozga:n r74 (only): X w a r XI? Abu
01 yo:l a:zdl: (Inlla'l-rar~rl~Ol-?ariq 'the man B a k r n l x a y r a t iqinde o z g a y m e n I will
lost his way' Kn$. I 173 (a:za:r, a:zma:k); surpass Abu Bakr in good deeds' Nahc. 95, 5:
a o. I 9 2 , 7 (ula:): K B soziig sozleguqi a z a r Kom. xrv 'to precede (someone Acc.)' oz-
h a m y a z a r 'a speaker goes astray and makes C C G ; Gr. 181 (quotn.): KIP. xrlr sabaqa oz-
mistakes' 205; 0.0. 384, 677 (yo1 azar), 2023, lioit. 35, 10: X I V ditto Id. 12; Bul. 4Rv.: xv
3600, 5262: x111(?)~ e f .az- 'to stray (from the Kav. 74, 7; Ttth. z8a. I.
road Abl.)' 41 : xrv Muh. x?ta'a 'to err' a:z-
Mel. 25. 15 (Rif. 108, reading xntd 'to stride' iiz- 'to tear (something Acc.), to pull (it)
has atla:-); dalla BZ- 28, 5 ; I I I ; al-dald apart or to pieces'. S.i.a.m.1.g. with some
a:zmak 35, I ; 120: F a g . xvff. az- ( I ) rfih extendcd meanings. T u r k i i VIII yinqge:
gum kardan 'to lose one's way'; (2) hi-xwtid e r i k l l g iizgeU: uquz 'it is easy to tear a thing
pccdan 'to lose one's senses'; 6s az- is also used when it is thin' T 13; a.o. T 14 (yogun):
in the latter sense Sari. 37v 22 (quotns.): vrrr ff. Man. u z e btqa ylrtlp 'tearing, cutting.
X w a r , XIV yol/yoldln az- 'to lose one's way' and pulling apart' M I 7, 16: Uyg. vrrr ff.
 MON.
C h r . Lr 1 7. ~ h - 1 8(hCgik): Bud, bu igniqj and us a I'oatpnsn. w . .,lhl. ~ i l r a l i i l i'1,cfore'. ~
t h i n yrltrzrn iizgeli katlglanrqjlar 'strive Survives in NI: Alt., 'l'el. ozo/olzo H I 1095,
to tcar 11p the rncrts (Hend.) of this disease' I 145 ; SIC 'l'nr. o z a II I t I 4.7 ; 'l'urki o z u
I
U III 41, 7-8 (i); a d l n a g u n u g i s l g b z i n I3$ 769. X a k . xr oza: nl-dnlnhrrr'l-sdi/ 'time
iiziip 'tearing to pieces the living bodies of past' K n f . 1 8 8 ( v r r s r , oza: r i i c a n i n ~ ' f o r ~ n r r l y ' ) : !
o t l ~ c n ' 7'T I V l o , 1 0 - 1 I ; i i z g e n y a g m u r KI3 k n r n u g d n o z e 'I)cfm-c :rll (the othrrs)' 5 I ;
'drstructive rain' 11 I 26. 15 etc. (ustiirtl:): siniilar phr. 250, 4i)1)3. 5151: s i l l ( ? ) At. n r l
Civ. yallg krllc t u t u p o k i i z k e l i r 'taking a z a h r t t a t @ ' a a a l c l ~ no z a 'yclu will taste thc
naked sword he smashrs the arrow' T T I 162- I>ec's stina irefore the honey' 440; 'l'cf, o z a I
163; k a l a n l n 61 0 9 t h y a d a u z i i p 'disclos- I'ostposn. 233: X w a r . xrv o z a a f i ~ r n ~ c rMN ~y' 1
ing his (liability for) land tax before the people 66; I'ostposn. A'ahc. 328, 15.
and discharging it' USp. 21, 8-9; m e n i g
b 6 r i r n l e r i m n l s e n iiziip 'you will discharge uze: orig~nallyan Adv., 'abobe, on hiph', also I '
tny debts' do. 32, 6-7: S a k . sr 01 y ~ iizdi: p used as a Postposn. lv. the i~nsuffixctlcase, ur
'he hroke (qn!nfn) the cord' (ctc.) Knr. I 165 occasion:illy Loc., nf N.s and <;err. of Prons.,
i
(iize:r, iizme:k); l ~ l a riizilp ke$iirge:n rneaning ':ll,ovc, upon, on'. In Uye. it de-
klinn fnfgil .~rt!!n 'he settled the affairs'(?) vclopcd some rather different lnranings, in
I gzz. 6 : K B b u s o z n l e s i t g i l s i i z i i r ~r n u n d a
s o m r cnscs hcinl: used practically ns a suh-
iiz 'hear thir word and cut short your w o r d stifure for thc Instr. case. Survives only(?) in
here' 153; 0.0. 655, 1008, 5383. 5458: X I I I ( ? ) SE 'Tiirki iize, Jarripre 328. It was replaced
Trf. uz- 'to hreak' (a rope) 335: Gag. s v ff. almost cvrry~vherein the medieval perind hy
iiz f:rr yn'tli hi-~lrsil 'hrrak' 1'e-1. 106; iiz- i i z c r c with Suff. -re:. 'l'liis x o r d is first noted
('irith u-') Rnsistn krrr(f(rn 'to hreak npart, in (Xalc.) X I I I ( ? )Tqf. 337; (;:ti. s v ff. Snfr.
tear off' Snn. 71 1.. z j (quotns.): X w a r . xrv 7 3 v 23; Iilp. xrrr Jiotc. 26, 20 and Osni. xtv
iiz- 'to pluck (a flower o r fruit), to dcstroy' TTS 1 754, ctc. and, in one form or another,
Qlrth 204; 92; A1aJ1c. 281, 6 : K o m . xrv s.i.s.m.l. T i i r k u V I I I iize: is conltnon both
'to break, tear apart' u z - CCG; Gr. 271 es Adv. and as I'ostposn., e.g. I E I , II W 2
(quotn.): Krp. xrv iiz- ('with front vowels') (asra:)-(my ancestors ruled) kivi: og1r:nda:
inqafa'a 'to hreak' (intrans.; ?error); iiz q$il uze: 'over the children of men' I E I , II E 3 ;
'separate' fd. 12: s\rfassnln 'to c u t out' (a gar- t a r d u : $ b o d u n iize: *ad e r t i m (XI o l u r t r m )
nient) iiz- Ttth. z8b. 4 ; qa!a'a u z - an. 3oa. ro: 'I was (enthroned as) f a d over thc Tardug
O s m . xrv R. u z - 'to tear apart, hrcak off', etc.; people' I E 17, I1 IT 1 5 : V I I I ff, iize: as Adv.
c.i.a.p. 7'1:5' 1 7 5 4 ; 11062; 111740; I V 813. and Pustposn. w. unsutiixcd case is common
in I r k R ; (if R man carries that stone) ozi: iize:
Dls. AZA 'on his person' Toy. 16-17 ( E T Y 11 58):
a z u : 'or'. Survives in NI.: 'Tuv. az1; elsewhere Man. Lize o n k n t k a k 'the ten-fold heavens
displacccl hv PC. or Ar. I.-~v.so r hy phr. like ahove' Chrros. 42: I J y e . V I I I iize: . o l u r l p . .
Osni. yok&. T i i r k u V I I I (1 have niade the $11. N - 3 : vrlr ff. Man.-R c z r w n t e g r l tize
k e d i l i p ' h c ~ n pplaced as clothing on the god
'riirkii people I-irll and nurncrous) azu: bu: nr I z r , 3-4 (i); o.o. ,/o. 28, I 4 nnrl 20:
s n v l n ~ l n :igirj 1>argrr: 'or is there a t i y t l i i n ~ Zt~rv-n'
A ~ ~ Ih Iu. y P r iize 'on this rartli' &I 11 5 , H ( i ) ;
f;ilrc in tllcnc Iny \\-i~l-dr ?' I S ro: vI1I ff. aZU:
... a z u : 'cithcr . . . or' Toj.ok I I l r . I nnd 4
amvarrllqnIiF, o t iize n g n r y t l r i i n d e k
(1:'TI. 11 178): Alan. a z u . .
. a z u Chvns. kwith ~ l t l g ~'youz have made :I retncdy for him
the h r r h ni1r71nr,fi~ri'7'T I I I 28-9; a.o.o.
230; 11111138, 3-6 (ii): Uyg. vlrt ff. Jkld. a z u
(in 7'1' 1'111 n:zu) atid n z u ..
. s z u are com- of iize 'by tilr:lns of, with': Bud. ilzc occurs
;rs an Adv. h u t is ccrmnionrst ns :I I'ostposn.
Iiion; c.p. in Strr,. 135, 7-22 aZu occurs twice,
n z u y e m e twice and a z u q a y e m e twice: Civ. meaning: ( I ) 'on', e r t c n i l i g o r u n l u k iize
o l g u r d ~'he seated him on a jewelled throne'
a z u I1 I 167; 11 18, 59: X n k . xr azu: kalimn
tnxyir h o ~ n n ' l - ~ n v ' 'a
n ~ word
~~ (offering) a PI' 46, 2 -3 and many o.o. ; (2) 'in', rather than
choice hetxvecn two things'; hence one says 'by 'on', U 1140, 107-8 (uqr.u&); (3) niost often.
iizii:rn y6:gil RZU: ka:gu:n ye:gil 'eat grapes Ineans of, with' ijz k a z g n n q ~ r nilze e d g u
krlrnq k r l a y ~ n'I usill d o pond deeds with my
nr (nlc) rne1on';~pcnerallyused in interrogative
o\vn earnings' P P 12, 2 ; i:g iize: biitiirme:- ,
srntcnces ( fi'l-rsriflt811r); one says k e l i r n~ii: 'z1e:r 'they do not makc good by lahour'
s e n azu: 6 a r l : r m u : s e n 'are yo11 coming or
(nr11) go in^?' Knj. 1 8 8 : K B n z u is common, TT V I I I A.2; o.o. do. 11.8 (iigtli:); U I 29,
c.g. 16, 2.13, 1018. 1678, 4701 (thrcc times in 6-7 (u:c-l), etc.: Civ. iize 'with' T7' 1f11I 1.20
questions): strr(?) At. a z u (n~is-speltin all (iq1e:gii); k u m iize 'in the sand' 7'7' 1 5 1 ;
AISS.) 448 ( b u n - ) ; Trf. a z u l a d u l y 8 ...yii k o z u z e s u r t s e r 'if one rubs it o n the el-es'
H 1 65-6, and many similar 0.0. in H I , X I ;
!
a d u l y a a d u r n occur, often in questions 42-3. (my vineyard) Siigii o g e n iize 'on the (hanks
1.U IZI: 'the year aftrr nest'. Pec. to Kn$. of thc) Siifiii river' lISp. 13. 3 ; b i t i g krlrnlg
S n k . X I 121: nl-grrhdhih 'thc year after next'; k i i n iize 'on the day o n \\.Ilich the contract
hence one says a r k l n (ric) rzi: 'next year was niade' do. 1 3 , 5-6: 0. K r r . rx ff. iize:
and the ?ear nftcr' I(n,r. I 89; a.0. I 108, 1 4 tegri: y a r l t k n d i : 'heaven o n hiph dccreed'
(nrkun). ?Ilnl. 32, 5: S n k . X I tize: occurs ahout 2 5
times as a Postposn., usilnlly translated '015
D oza: Ger. in -a: fr. oz- used as a n Adv. of 'upon, on', r.g. y0:l ii:ze: ( s i c ) 'old qdri'nti'l-
time, 'formerly', ant1 perhaps also of space,. -!nriq 'on the surface of the road' K n j 1 6 6 , 17;
 D I S . V. A Z D - 28 t
I 197, 4 (egiil-); I z 1 9 , 14 (2 a r t u r - ) ; n.m.e.:
K R b a y a t r a h m e t r ertli x a l q l iize 'Grid's (I)) ijziit apparently 'the human soul', that
mercy waa upon tlis people' 42; y a y 1 k8k part o f n personality which survives death, and
y a r a t t l Uze y u l d u z l ' H e created the hlue so rather different fr. 1 8:z 'the spirit', the vital
sky and the stars above' 127; 0.0. 7 9 , 302, 382, spark which distinguishes living h e i n ~ sfrom
709, etc.: xrl(?) K B V P m u n u g h l k m a t l inanimate ohjects, but clearly connected with
k h r b u t a r t n e g tize 'its instruction is ahnut it etymologically. T h e morphology is, how-
these four things' 72: X I I I ( ?KNPP(cnuntlcs.i
) ever, obscure. Survives in NE Alt., Koib.,
blessings) M u h a m m a d M u g f a f a iize 6-7; Hag., ?'el., Tuv. (R I 1898), and Khak. Uziit
At. keviir s e n m e ' u r n r u g k o n i l i k iize 'and a ghost which haunts its former home'.
pass your life in upriphtness' ~ y ; (if , an T i i r k i i v111ff. Man. biznig iiziitiimilz 'our
elephant is loaded) i i z e ~ i n d ez a r w ~ t hgold souls' Chunr. 1 8 ; k a m a g y a r u k ciziitlernlg
(1.-w.) upon it' 487; Tef. iize is common as 'of all the bright souls' do. I 2 1 ;(the five gods
a Postposn., 'on, upon, ox? abo11,t (e.n. a are the majesty, the colour) ozi aziiti 'the
subject), in (a manner)'; at er forms dzele, spirit, the soul' (the might, light, and root of
Uzesige, Uzesinde (and iizrc) 336-7: X I V everything un earth) do. 46-7; 0.0. do. 302;
Rb2. t o p r a k iize 'on the earth' R I 1299 M 11115, 6-7 (i); T T I1 8 , 4 6 ; 10,76 and 92:
(quotns.): Gag. xv ff. iize iizerinc Vfl. 106;
iize abbreviation of Uzre bnr r l run bnr bile
.
Uyg. vlrr ff. Man.-A 6ziitUmiiz . . b u l z u n
(SO read) 'may our souls find' (salvation, par-
'upon, above' Sun. 74r. I 5 ; (iizre sanie trans- don, victory, and attainment of the heavenly
lation and quotn. 7 3 v 23); Bzliiz . . . (3) country) M 1.29, 31-4; a.o.o.: Man. t a n m i g
mctaph. fn~cqwn hd/R 'ahore' 73v. 7 (a false azlitler 'souls who have denied (the true
ctymolopy, the quotn. contains iize): X w a r . faith)' M II r r , 13; 12, .i and 2 (ii): Bud. (if
X I I I iize (but more often iizerc) 'upon' 'Ali one recites th;; srifrn for the departed and the
46: x ~ r r ( ? ) 0fi. 230-1 (iist): xrv iize 'on' sufferers in hrll) otrii 01 Bziitler 'then those
Qufb 204; h f N 432 (and iizre 3, etc.); iizemge souls' (will be liberated) 7'T VII 40, 30: Civ.
'on me' Qrrtb 125 ( 6 z ~ n r ~ e )K: o m . xlv 'by (making offerings and libations to the Buddha)
means of, because of' aze!sic) CCG; Gr. 186 iiziitke a $ b e r g i l 'give food to the souls (of
(quotns.). the departed)' 7'T V I I 25, 8 ; a.0. T T I 29.
?S azl: 1fap. leg,; set, f, (or error?) of 2 ":=, KIP- xrrl al-pasfan 'devil' aziit Hou. 33. 6
-qlgil al-ficc,fi91-cibdl cleft in a (MS. in error 6riit unvocalized): xrv iiziit al-
mountain' Kaj. I 8y. -tnaovtd 'the dead' Id. 13; Bul. lo, 3.
V U izdeg Hap. leg.; apparently Den. N. in
Dis. V. AZA- -deg. X a k . X I izdeg naru' jabaka 'a kind of
?ED a m - ( ? V U Uzi:-) Hap. leg.; in its net used for catching fish; thin stakes are
second meaning clearly a Den. V. fr. VU tixed in a row in the water, and a gap is left
3 U:z: the front rounded vowel is confirmed in the middle of the river. and the net is put
by th; Caus. f. tizit-, q.v.; the etymology of in the mouth of thc gap; the fish enter; it
the verh in its first mcanina is ohscurc. X a k . and is imtncdiatcly pulled nut' KO$. I I 16.
: . .
xr k l i n R ~ I : ~ I rnsalm'l-ltrthh
. 'the iar c~r~zcd
water', also used of any earthenware \~esscl Dis. V . AZD-
(in;' mznfiyn) when it oozes; and one says
kula:k azr:dl: kddali'l-~r&rn nrr tafnsnmm D a n t - CRUS.f. of a:z-; 'to makc (someone,
tnina'l-mlaha 'the ear was almost deafened by Acc. or Doc.) lose his way, to lead (him) astray';
the noise' Knf. I11 253 (azl:r, az1:ma:k sic). and mctaph. 'lo lcad (somrone) intr, error, to
confuse (him)'. Sunives in SI? Turki h t -
uza:- 'to he, or become, long, or long drawn B$ 582 and SW Osm. Cf. a z g u r - . Uyg.
out', usually of time, less often of space. vrrr ff. Man. T T III 34 (2 a:@: Xak. XI 01
S.i.a.m.l.g. with some extended meanincs. a9a:r yo:l azittl: o~nllahtil-tariq 'he made
Uyg. VIII ff. Dud. 01 t l n l t g n ~ gy a n a ozi ya$l him lose his may' IGzg. I 208 ( a z l t u r , a z l t -
u z a m a k l b o l u r 'and that mortal's life he- m a : k ) ; 01 ki$: 01 yo:ldan a z ~ t g a : n 'that
comes long' U II 42, 36 ff.; similar phr. man is constantly making people lose their
Iliien-ts. 52-3; IJSp. ~ o z h .26; T T V I 258 way' I 155; a.o. I1 234, 4: (Gag. s v ff. nzrtkan
(one RgIS.. remainder u z u n bol-): a.o. T T II' translated voldnn ncnn l'cl. 16 is an error for
i t , 43 (ybgunad-): X a k . xr K'& k a y u igke a z ~ k k a nas pointed out in Sun. 38r. 23; a z t k -
e v s e u z a r k&$ k a l u r 'whatever task a man is an Emphatic f. of a:z- not noted earlier
hurries over drags out and pcts delayed' 556; than Son.): X\var. xrv (and one part of their
(when wicked men are near a beg) u z a d ~isiz punishment) y o l d l n a z r t m a k d ~ n b o l g a y
e l g i 'the wicked man's hand is stretched out' 'will consist of leading astray' Nahc. 387, 2-3:
889; 0.0. 4460, 4369. 6486: x l n ( ? ) At. 179 Osm. xiv ff. a n t - 'to lead astray', etc. In
(1 6 9 ) ; Tef. u z a - 'to be long', etc. (and u z a g a n several texts TTS 1 6 5 ; 1187; 11157; I V 64
tall', o f a ~alrn-tree)322: Gag. xv ff. rlza- (with some dubious translations).
(spelt)/uzal- dirdz ftrrinn 'to hc, or hccome,
long' Son. 72v. 16 (quotns.): X w a r . X I V u z a - I> ezit- IIap. leg.; Caus. f. of ez-. Cf. eztur-.
'to bc long drawn out' Qrrth zoz: Osrn. xrv X a k . X I 01 ogla:n kuIa:kln ezitti: airata
and s v u z a - 'to withdraw from (sorne~vherc rrdr~nn'l-:obi 'he had the hoy'q ear scarified';
Ah!.)' in two texts T T S 11954; 111725. also i~qeclof a n ~ t h ~ nthat
a is scar~fiedand has
 long incisionc made in it (.rirrli~o tvn jiirifn 1) iiztiir- Caus, f. t ~ iiz-;
f '14) cause, or allow
taroiln(n)) Kaf. I zoo (eultiir, ez1tme:k). (sntnethin~.4cr.) tn he torn, ~ I I I I c ( I t o pieces',
ctc. S.i.n~.nl.l.g. X a k . I'. o l yrj) iiztiirdl:
I> u z a t - (uza:t-). Caus. f. of m a : - ; lit. 'to n/~~fnqn'l-tmhl
'he hnd the cord (etc.) broken'
make longer', hence 'to drag out, to remove Kng. I 220 (iiztiiriir, iiztiirme:k).
to a distance', and othcr extended meanings.
S.i.n.m.l.g. See Doerfcr I1 594. UY& V I I I ff.
13ud. PP 28, 5 ; 31, 2 (iintiir-): X a k . X I 01 Tris. AZD
y1912 uzattl: 'hc stretcher1 (nmdda) the rope 1) UZall: for thc fnrrn cf. ula:tl:; pruh. Gcr.
(rtc.)'; and onc says o l I:$@ uzattl: fawruala'l- ill -I: fr. u z a t - ; 'for a I m p tilnc' and the like.
-amr rcn sneuwnjahii ruo mntoln 'he dragged out U~ilike most Advs. o f this form, sur\rlvcs
the affair and postponed and put it off' Ka?. in N E I<hnk. u z a d a ; K C I<lr. u z a t a and
1 209 (uza:tur (sic), uzntma:k); b u e r o l S W Osrn. 11zad1, r~nlp(?)in the phr. u z u n
I : $ I ~uzatga:n 'this man always drags out u z a d l y a 'at p e a t lenptl~'. Uyk. V I I I ff.
!yi1!o;u7cil) an affair' I 155; a.o. I 1 2x4, 3: Kll &fan.-A uzntr (so read?) 'fnr a lonu timc' 411
u z a t - is conirnor~in several t~,canings: (r)'to I 0 , 3: I\l;~n.u z a t l iiziiksiiz 'for a Ionp time
drag out', u z a t m a soziig 'do not drag out continuously' 7'T I11 104; I h d . u z a t l 'for
?-our speeches' 27; 0.0. 2360 (baslt-), 2366 a long timc' U I 20. 1 5 ; U 111 4, 14; T I ' V 6,
(ii:$len-), 5500-I; ( 2 ) 'to stretch out (a hand 3 9 ; Iiiir~i-ts.1790; Site.. 354, 7-8 (Ilinqii1e:-);
.4cc., tn something Dnt.)', ilkiig edgiiliikke A. 247, 16-18 etc. (2 iiruQ): Civ. u z a t l 'for
u t a t t l c l l g 'he stretched out his hand to many a l<nig ti;)ic' 7.7' V I L 2 j , I I ; V I I I 1.6; M.35
pond deedz' 151; 0.0. 2130, 2507; 3 ) 'to see (IIZ:I:~I);rf ll-3.t, 31 ; ~ I I7'T 1711 36, 2 ((J.Sfi.
(sonieo~~e) off'; kndagl n z a t t ~i l r (!&liilml- 42, I 5 ) pr~%b. 'Irn~th\vays'.
sip 'hic comrade saw Ogdulmis off' 3834; a.o.
5444; (4) other usages are u z a t m a z m e r ~ U Gziitliig I',N./A. fr. iizut; 11.0.a.h. 'I'hc
h a ' w ~k11tgl1 kivlg 'I do not let a petitioner nlcanin:~scrlns to bc 'rrl:~tiny to the soul? of
be long-winded' 8 I I ; kndaglnx kiirdl u z a t u IIIC dcp:~rtcd', or i n S ( , I ~ : : contcsts pcrhnps
y a t l p 'he saw his comrade lyilia strctched 'deceascd, no longer in the body'. T u r k 9
nut' 5974; 0.0. 2365-6, 9 : XIII(?)At. u z a t m a V I I I ff. h l : ~ n . (thcrcafter they continuously
a m a l 'do not pitch your hopes (I.-w.) too devotcd thcrnselves to) iiziitliig igke e&iI
high' 293; TP~.uzat- 'to stretch out (the
hand), to spend a long time' 322; 8.0. 236
k l l m q k a 'spiritual ~vorks(or work for the
souls of the departed?) and good deeds'
I I 10, 86: U y g . VIII ff. Man.-A oziit u g
F?'
(olduk): xlv R!)?. u z a t - 'to see off' R I 1762
(quntn.); Mulz. maddo u:za:t- Mel. 3 I , 3 (onc n i g o ~ a k l a r 'the deceased(?) Hearers' M I
&IS., others and Rif., I 15 tart-):, F a g . xv ff. 28, 24; Man. A4 I I I 36, 7 (iii) (etiizliig).
uzat-(-tl) 5 t d e r - to see off Irel. 106 1) iiziitliik I-lap. leg., hut cf. iiziit1e:-;
(quotns.); uzat- (spelt) Cauq. f.; rdhi knrdan although tllcre is not a closc sernantic con-
r t m dirrjz knrdnrr 'to see nff; to lengthen,
nection ~-r~~esutrral)fy :r I'.N./A. fr. *iiziit
stretch' Sort. 73r. 19 ( q u o t ~ ~ s . X ) : W R ~ X. I V Active I)cv. N. ir. iiz-. X a k . X I iiziitliik
uznt- 'tn drag out (a speech, ctc.)' Qrifb 202; nl-cjirlrr hi'/-$(I>,''nipc.ardlinmz over sorricthinp'
'to sre off' Nnl~r.81, j ; I lo. I : K o m . XIV 'to Airs. I rjo.
see off, escort' uznt- ( : l : G ; Gr. 268 (quntn.):
KIP. xrv u z a t - !nrcicnln frl. 1 3 ; Bill. 5Rr.; T r i s . V. AZD-
rrodrln'a ' t n acc off' m a t - Rul. 87v. : sv ninddn
u z a t - Trrh. ~ j l , . 6 ; rcnd~ln'nu z a t - do. 3 8 h 8: I) uzalll- I';lcs. f. of u z a t - ; 'to hr Icnpthcnc*rl'
O s m , srv u z a t - 'to see off' in nnc tcst T T S and thc like. Survivcs i r ~N C Iizx. and SIV
I f 044. O s ~ n . ',1'1;111. X:tk. st J i l l siiziil~tllk t s u r g l l
uzatllrll y a 5 ' s h o r t e ~pour
~ speeches and your
1) ozlt- Hap. Icg.; Cnus. f. of o:z-. X a k . X I life will have been lengthened' 176.
bu: e r 01 n t t n ozitRa:n 'this marl is constantly
driving his h o v e ahead (of the others)' (yasbiq D iizut1e:- Ilap. leg.; Den. V. fr. *iiziit; cf.
bi-firosihi) Kay. I I 5 5 ; n.ni.e. iizlltliik. Xnk. X I o l ant: iiziitle:dt: hnxsolahri
rca nn~nbnltiril~i'l-br/.rl'he called him :I nliser
VUl) iizit- IIap. Iep.; Calls. f. n f (W) az1:-, and ;ittributed rniserline~:~ to him' Kay. I 299
r1.v. X a k . X I o l a n l g kula:kln iizitti: laqqnla (iiziitle:r, iiziitle:me:k).
snm'olirc rc3n nsnmliia inin ho!m inn tnknllama
'he overburdened his hearing and denfened
him with his \.oluhilityl; and one says sirke: Dls. A Z ~
kiipni: iizitti: 'the vinegar made the jar ooze L) 1 aza:k I)c\,. N./A. fr. a:?.-; syn. w. 2 a z u k .
(rn$$nlta) with its acidity' KO$.I 2 0 9 (iizitiir, N.o.a.b., but see Doerfer I1 479. UyR. V I I I If.
iizitme:k). &Ian.-:\ a z a g (sic) n o m l a g l a r 'false preachers'
S 1zde:- See Iste:-. AT III 29, 4 (ii): Man. a z a g ( s i c ) n o m l u g l a r
T T I X 89: Hud. k a l t l p u r a n l u l a t l a z a k
D eztiir- Caus. f. of e-; s.i.tn.m.1.~. with nomlirjilar sozleyiirler 'as the false prca-
srveral shades of menninp. Xak. X I 01 ogll: chers, the PurRnns, etc., say' U I1 8, 13-14:
ku1a:kln eztiirdl: 'he had his son's ear X a k . sr n t g a l t r oknc: azn:k t e g m e d i : bu:
scarified' (afra!n); a l ~ used
o of any long scratch sn:v uga:k Inn1 yahlug ilnjyo h&iihi3l-nnmima
or furrow (xodf a x ss!!) in the skin or the hi'o~r Ii~irlilri'l-fortdnn trn-id nn tarnti i l n ~ y nhi-
ground Kay. 1 2 2 0 (eztiiriir, ezturme:k). -mfinr ?or/) 'this slander did not reach me,
 284 DIS.
Uyg. vlrr f f . Man. t l i i n e r l g ] t a m u d l n X a k . sr u z a k l ~ k01-ihtri' li'l-o111r 'rlilatoriness
t i i z u n i o z k u r t u g u z (sic) 'you have rrscued over something' Knj. I 150.
then1 all from ploorny hell' TT11167-8; r).o. do.
47 (irklet-), 70: I h d . k a y u s l g a e m g e k t i n I) a z k ~ f i a :I)itii. f. r)f 1 a : z ; 'vrry frw, very
n z g u r g a y s e n 'you will save everyone of them little'. S.i.ni.rr1.l.g. w. some phonetic changes
frorn sufferinp' PP 6. 2 ; 0.0. U 11 58, 5 (ii) atid sorrie additional Suffs.. r.p. a s k i n q a k .
( 1 ba:g); Sttv. 166, 4-5 ( o z g u r u r k u t g a r u r T u r k i l v r ~ rulu& lrkiri nzknfia: e r e n t e z l p
'rescues' (tfcnd.)); 582, 17; 585, 16 (figed- b a r d t : 'the great Irkin nnd vrry few men fled'
t u r - ) : Civ. b u k o r t i g k e a d a k a tegdikkde I E 34; azkriin: tiirkii [ b o d u n ] 'very few
o z & u r u r 'when a man falls victim to these of the 'I'iirkii penple' 7' 9 : UY& vrtr fl. IIud;
dangerous septic swellings it cures him' Sanskrit alpotrttknr 'worrying ahout triflcs
H I 1 7, r . a z k y a s l k l ~ l r k l n T T V I l I R . 6 ; ptrldhn-
nthlrarn 'cqr~alto thc rveipht of a (single) serd'
n:zkya: te:uinqe: do. F . 1 2 ; 0.0. do. A.9, 17;
T r l s . AZG a z k ~ n a kalclr 'very little (of the treastrrc)
1) oza:kt: N.,'A.S. fr. o m : ; 'prcaior~s, of rernai1:ed' I'P 7, q: Civ. a z k r - a o y u p 'scnop-
old time', and the like. Survives in some NE ing it out a little N I 147; am. 161 : X a k .
and SE dialects. T i i r k u vsrs ff. Plan. AT III X I K n a z k r n a t a t 'taste n little (food)' 5440;
rg, 9-11 (i) ( y o r u g ) : ,Uyg. v111 ff. Man.-A X I I I ( ? )7'Ff. a z g t n a / a z k ~ n a 'a little; a few
o z a k l Bzke 'in a prevlous incarnation' M I 41: Gag. x v f f . a z a z g r n a kam knnrnk CMI
9, 4: X a k . X I (after oza:) hence one savs nndnk ondnhnk 'very little' Sa?r. 39r. 6
oza:kl: hilge: anga: a y m l q 'a sage of old ( q ~ ~ o t n . Osm.
): srv a z k l n c k (sir) 'vqry little'
tlme (!~aki,ttrr'l-dnhri'I-sd[if) said as follows' In 011: text 7'1's I2r)o.
KO?.I XS; a.o. 1 3 8 5 , 26: K B a e n l g d e o z a k i 11 a z g a n g u :
110 dr~ltlit to he so spelt and
a j u n tutguqr 'the ruler of the world who pre- not nsganrri; rnocpli~ln~ically obscure hut ulti-
crded vou' 5137; 0.0. 2699, 5339: srrr(?) At. niately derived fr. a:z-; the contest indicates
b u b i r sBz'o&~kn u r u l m l q m a g a l 'this one the meaning 'deceit', hut perhaps 'flattery' is
saving is an old time proverb' 164; Tef. also implied. N.o.a.b. See azganqu:la:-.
o d a k t l o z a k t 'previous(ly)' 233: G a g . xv ff. p y g . vrrt ff. llud. t a g u n a z g n n q u sozle-
o z a g u kiin diiiinki xiin drgil otrki giin . . . we to speak in deceitful and flattering(?) words'
.
irzirn xiin 'the clay before yesterday . . a pre- occurs several times in an unpublished text
vious dav' VPI. 106; o z a g u kiin pnrirtiz 'the TT I V 18, note A72, 8.
day b r f i r e yesterday' Son. 7 3 v 16 (quotn.):
X w a r , srv o z a k r 'previous (year), former S a z k i y a See azkifia:.
(times), (men) of old time' Qtrtb 202; Nalrc.
11, 6 ; 266, 2; 368, 2-3: K o m . X I V 'the day D u z k r y a Dim. f. of u:z; 'rathcr skilfullv,
before oznv k i i n C C G ; Gr. wisely'. PFC. to LIyk. I J y g . v s ~ rff. Ilud.
m a n d a l k r l z u n u z k t y n 'let him make the
1) azlgfrj! P.hl..'A. fr. a z l g ; 'hat,inp tusks, tnn!ttl;lln (magic circlc) skilfully' SUP'. 487,
canine teeth', ctc.; s.i.a.nl.1.p. except SC. 7-8: Civ. kii!)iil k e g t t r t u p ~ r z k l y ao l u r z u n
SW with sonic phonetic changes. Uya. vrrr ff. 'let hitti sit (i.c, conduct hitnsefl) wisely with
Ilud. (an elephant) Sanskrit iflriaritn 'with mind 3t rasc' li.7p. 45, 13.
strnnn tusks' y o g o n azlgllgi 7'T 1J111 C.7;
knc!tr yavlak a z t g l ~ g t ~ g r n k l t f i t ~ n l i g T r i s . V. A7.c-
'a creature with strong and dangernus teeth
and cla~rs'CJ II 3s. 21-2: X a k . X I a z l g l t g a t D az181a:- I h n . V. fr. azrgi;.survives only(?)
/ a r n . 1 1 - I 'a horse that has cut all its in N E Alt., 'l'cl. azu:la:- 'to pore' R I 573.
teeth'; also used of any animal that has cut X a k . sr t n r ~ r ~iltlg
z a z ~ g l a : d l : 'the hoar
its canine teeth (~nln'a nfibtdhlr) Kag. I 147: struck thc horse with its tusks (hi-ttMi11i) and
K B idi y a x v t a y m r v azrglrg k o r er 'the wounded it'; and one says m e n toguznr:
maturc man very aptly said' 283; a.o. 2287: azrg1a:drm 'I struck the hoar on its tusks';
xrrr(?) TrJ. aziglrk (animals) 'havinrr tusks' also used in both senses of any wild hcasts
42: X w a r . xrv a z ~ g l r k(a ~volf)'with sharp (siba') that have tusks KO$. I 304 (azigla:r,
teeth' Qtrth 18. azrg1a:rna:k).

D a z u k l u g P.N.!A. fr. 1 a z u k ; 'ha\-ing food U a z u k l a n - Refl. Ucn. \'. fr. 1 a z u k ; 'to

fr)r a journey'. S.i.a.ni.l.g. with some phonetic procure, o r have, fnod for a jovrney'.
changes and extensions of meaning. Xak. xr S.i.m.m.l.g. X a k . rr e r a z u k l a n d t : fdro'l-
a z u k l u g e r itts8n dli zdd 'a man mho has food -racrtl dti'l-zdd 'the man came into possession
for a journey' K a j . I 148 (prov.). of food for a journey' Kng. I 294 ( a z u k l n n u r ,
azuk1anma:k).
1) szuklrrk .\.N. (Conc. N.) fr. I a z u k ; 'fnod
preparccl for a journey'. Survives only(?) in I) nzj$+n$u:la:- 1)oi. 1'. Cr. nzganqu:; thc
S\V. X. .a k . sr a z u k l u k ntd rt'idrla li'l-zc?d contexts indicetc the tnenninp 'to deceive'; the
---oared as Cood for a jourgey' spelling in U I, which is quitc clear, is cithcr
1 2 7 4 , 17. an error o r a dialect forrn. N.n.n.h. U y g .
vrrr ff. Chr. m P n I o z g e n q u l a d l b u m o g o q -
. fr. u z a k ; survives only(?) in l a r 'these blagi have deceived tnc' U I 9,
n various cognate meanings. 15: Dud. (in n I o n ~ r o n f e s s i o nof sins) nzgrln-
 DIS. EZG
~ u l a c l r m(sic) e r s e r 'if I have Iwen deceit- cisely that thing'; hencr one says ol ern1 6k
ful' I J 11 70. 7 ; az~:anyulacJim do. 35, 24; keldiir 'bring that man (and not someone
a z g a n y u l n d ~ r n l ztaj2,11nlaclrmrz e r s e r T7'
else)'; with words with hack vowels and those
I V 8. 72; (iziirncle yavlzlarrg kiiriil, uyuz- containing qdf orgayn o k is used instead KO$.
l a d l m azganyulatlrm e r s e r 'if, seeing evil 1 7 1 ; 8.0. I 141 (ertini:).
things in rnyself, I have belittled thrm and I) iiziik Pass. N./A.S. fr. iiz-; 'broken, torn
l>eendeceitful' Srra. 136, 13-14; a.0. do. 220, 3. off', and the like. It is not clear whether the
entry in Kaf. is correctly placed here, or
Dis. EZG whether it should be transcribed 6z6k and
I) ezlg Dev. N. fr. e z - ; survives in NC I i ~ r . , regarded as a Sec. f. of 2 ozek. In a number of
I<zx. ezii: 'oppression'; n~orphologicallydis- medieval and modem languages iiziik is a Sec.
tinct fr. ezlk, Pass. N.1A.S. 'crushed, bruised', f. of yiiziik, q.v., and the word in Gag. relating
etc. which survives in SE Tiirki U$ 580 and to a trnt may belong there. TiirkU vrlr ff.
S W Osrn. Xak. sr ezlg krrp ladfa fi'l-cild IrhB 48 (u1a:-): (UyR. see iiziiksiiz): Xak.
fCla(n) 'any long scratch in the skin' Kai. I 7 r . xr iiziik hull nrd istancalr~mino'l-or4 u*a sdra
!riyfid 'any piece o f #round umhich is swampy
eztig (or eziik?) 'false, lying; falsehood, lie'. and becomes waterlogged'; and any 'branch
N.n.a.b. Cf. iitriik, tgld, yalj2,a:n. Tiirkii of a valley' (xalic mina'l-awdiya) is called
v r ~ rff. Man. k i m n i iize yelne eziig t a n u k iiziik su:v Kaf. I 71 : (srv Rbg. (some of their
iinmez 'and he docs not rise up as a false statement2 are) iiziik 'abbreviated' R I 1896,
witness ngainst anyone' M 111 22, 1 2 (ii): but the older B.hl. MS.,2v. 16, has keslik,
UyR. vrlr (f. Uud. eziig yalgan s o z 'false same meaning): F a g . xv A iiziik ('with -k')
lying words' I1 II 76, 5; 85, 22; T T I V 8, xargdh asbdbi . . . wn xdiirn 'components of
70; eziigiig 'a lie' Suer. 135, 12; (the decrees a tent . . . (and finger-ring') Vel. 106 (see
of the Buddha) eziig igid b o l m a z 'are not above); iiziik ((I) anguytar 'finger-ring'
false ([lend.)'. U S p . 106, 28; 0.0. U I11 69, I ; (qr~otn.)); (2) nand-i r17-ji alcirliq 'the felt
70, 29; Suv. 371, 8 (atgnngu:): Krp. X I I I covering of a tent'; (3) pdra ma gusixta 'piece,
a/-kidh 'lie' (ntriik/yala:n; and 'truth' is also fragment; broken, torn' Son. 7 4 r 8.
called qtn and 'lie') ezii:k (?sic, MS. erii:k)
rva Iliya Itrga Id ya'rijzihci ailad 'but it is a word ozge: 'other, other than (something Abl.),
that no one knows' Holou. 27, 4. different'. Poorly attested in the early period,
the occurrence in ?'alas is very dubious, the
S E uzik See ujek. Uyg. documents quoted are xrrt or later, and
the supposed occurrence in K B 1375 (see R I
U 1 ozek Uim. f. fr. 1 6:z; basically 'the core 1294) is imaginary (etozke read at cizge), but
or centre' (of something), with various speci- s.i.a.m.1.g. Cf. adin, a d r u k , 691:. T a l a s
fic applications. S.i.a.m.1.~. except SE. See rx ff.(?) ozge: uya:n:na: adrllmlg 'separated
DoerJer I1 595. Xak. xr ozek 01-abhor wa from his other capable men1(?) Talas I1 5
hrizaa 'irq f i bcilini'l-srilh 'the spinal cord, that ( E T Y II 134)(after a gap; iizge: is reasonably
is the vein in the centre of the spinal column' clear in the facsimile but the next word is
Kay. I 71 (qriotn. fr. the Koran illustrating prob. wrong, and the whole very dubious):
al-nhhnr): Gag. xv ff. ozek (spelt) mdda zua Uyg. XIII(?)ff. Civ. ozge a l b a n y a s a k
riya-i qrrrri!~ rL,a danrBmil 'the matter and pus tutmayxn 'not being liable to any other land
in ulcers and boils' San. 73v. 18: Kxp. xv tau or tribute' USp. 22, 42-3; a z g e ki$i
qalbtc'l-fac.arcz 'the heart of a trce' ozek Tuh. 'a third party' do. 32, 8 and I D ; a.0. do. 112,
zgb. I 3 ; naxA' 'spinal cord' azek do. 36a. I I. 5: (Xak.) xrrr(?) Tef. 6zge 'another; other
I1 2 6zek Dim. f. fr. 2 6:z; 'a srnall valley'. than' 243: xrv Rh$. ditto R I 1303 (quutn.);
Survives in NE Alt., ?'el. oz6k R I 1 3 0 2 ; NC Muh, ko:cdan o:zge: gayril!-qabf 'apart from
Kzx. ozek M M 493 and S W xx Anat. ozek (i.e. in addition to) the ram' Mel. 18, 11 ; Rif.
SLID 1125 Uyk. vrrr ff. Dud. T T V 28, 97: Gag. xv ff. ozge ('with -g-') (kendiiye we)
122-3 (2 0 : ~ ) ;this word corresponds to ch'i gayri '(to himself and) other'; and it is also
'a stream, or valley between two mountains' used in praise or censure, when one says of
(Giles 1,007) in the Chinese original: (Xak. someone ozge diir VPI. 105 (quotns.); 6zge
XI see tiziik).
(spelt) ( I ) gayr 'other (than)'; (2) nahru digar
'another'; ozgege ba-digari 'to another'
V U ? C or S 6zok Kag.'s explanation is pos- (quotn.) Son. 73% 25: X w a r . x ~ v6zge 'other
sible, but it is perhaps a Sec. f. of 1 ozek, with (than), Qutb 125; MN 82, etc.; Nahc. 85, 17:
the vocalization altered to suit the etymology. Kom. x ~ v'other' 6zge CCI, C F G ; Gr. 186
Cigil xr azok laqnb li'l-nisd' 'a Proper Name (quotns.): KIP. xrrr f a j ~ a other than'
for women'; hence one says a1tu:n ozok (ayru:k; and there is another expression)
naqijratrc'l-nnJs ha'l-dnhnbi'l-xdlir 'with a soul 8zge: (and another ogli:) Hou. 54, r j ff.: xrv
as pure na pure gold', and ertinl: iizok Bzge: both gayr 'other' and sayir 'the rest' fd.
yiifiyntu'l-barfan ka'l-durra 'with a body as 13: xv 6zgey (sic) means gayrahu6(and a y r u k
pure as a prarl'; because the peerless pearl much the same), and also siwd except' . . .
is cnlled erdinl: and is contracted (sic, see ill5 and 'except me' m e n d e n 6zgey Kao. 40,
ertinl:); this Proper Name is used of Cigil 7 ff.; gayr ozge Tuh. 26b. l o ; 8yb. 13: O s m .
women; its origin is 6:z a/-nafs and the kcif .xrv ff, ozge 'other (than something Abl.)';
i.e. -6k) attached to a word to mean 'pre- c.i.a.p. T T S 1573: I1 764; 111572: I V 636.
 . EZG
T r i s . EX(; 1) uzlllk A X . fr, 11:z; 'crt~ft,p r ( d r s s i o ~ or, ~'
1) iize:ki: N.iA.S. f1. iize:; 'si111:ltctlI I ~ ~ I and I ' Ittor(. ~rnrl-.lily. 'skill, r l r \ t r r ~ t y ' . Survives
the like. N.o.a.b. 'l'iirkii vrll tl. Man. (the only(?) in 514' Ostri. 'l'iirkii 1s I i . Yen. Mul.
majesty, etc.) k a m a g y e r i i z e k l ~ l 'of l ~ every- 31, 1-2 should prohahly he read (Uz Bilge:
thing on earth.' Ch1rtr.r. 45: Uyg. vrll fi. Ilud. Vaq91:) u z l l k l n iipiin a l p l n iiqlin e r d e m i n
k a l t l t l r g n k iizekl t o p r a k t e g ' I ~ k e(i.c. as iiqiill 'I>cc:~u.:e (of his c r a f t s n i i ~ n d i i ~tcruph-
,
little as) the dirt untler a finper nail' 7'T VI ness, and 111:1nlyvirtues': X n k . X I u z l u k ul-
336; y a n a s i z n i iizeki a y a n q a g kdgiilin -irirfo 'a craft' K-~rr.1 253, I ( i i g r e n - ) ; n.nl.e. :
Id1 u n u t m a z 'and with supremely(?) reverent K B (a man cannot get any ndrantages from
thoughts he never forgets you' Ifiien-ts. his enemies) k a l l klldr erse 021 u z l u k l
1805-7: Civ. sarlk iizeki a g r ~ k k a'for a 'however much skill he himsrlf exercises'
disease of the gall-bladder'(?) I1 I1 12, loo: 4191; (another class uf the c o m ~ n u n i t yare the
(Xak.) SIIJ(?) Tej. (the earth and) 01 k l m u z l a r , craftsmen) t i r i l g u t i l e p o z k e u z l u k
n n l g iizekitll 'that which is on it' 337. k j l u r 'they exercise their craft I)ecause they
wish to make a livinp for thctnsclvcs' 4456:
I) e z i i g ~ i N.Aa. fr. e z i i g ; n.o.a.1). UyR. O S ~X I .V ff. ttzluk 'skill, tact (au a 1-irtue),
vrfr ff. Bud, eziigqi y o g e g q ~k l s i 01 e r a r 'he cuntrinp (as a vice)', in sevcr;~ltexts 7'7'5' I
iq a liar and a false accuser' Srrcj. 563, 4-5. 738; 11 (145; I V 798.
1) iizukliik Hap. ItR. A.N. fr, iiziik. Uziik- I) i z l i k r1.N. (Conc. N.) fr. i:z; lit. 'something
l u g in US). 17, 6 is a niistranscription c ~ f coniiectetl with footprints o r tracks'. Survives
iijtikliig 'in the handwriting of', P.N./A, fr. only(?) in N\V I<az. izllk 'trnclc, path' and
I' iijek: and the supposed occurrence in SM' ss Anat. 1z11k 'a line'; i z l e k 'ft,otpath'
K B 1988 ( R I 1806) is a tnistranscription SLID 778, 804. X a k . X I izlik 'the 'l'urkish
of Driipliik. X a k . XI iiziikliik inqi!;' (sic) shoe (al-?lidn") made from the hides of
'severance, interruption' Ka$. I 1-52. slaughtered heasts' Kay. I 104 (prov.. see
o1d1:-): K I P . S J I I 01-sarmiicu 'slipper' (ba9-
I) e z i i g s u z Priv. N./A. fr. e z i i g ; 'free frorn ma:k, alsu) i z l l k Horr. 19, 5 : xrv i z l i k tnci
falachood'. N.0.a.h. U y k . v r ~ r f f . Bud. U I yrtlhas fi'l-rirl 'foot-wear' fd. I 3.
35, I (Igipsiz); liiien-Is. 216; Srrzl. 347, 9.
1) iiziiksliz Priv. N./A. fr. iiziik; 'uninter- I) ijzliig I'.N./A. fr. 1 6:z; originally 'posses-
rupted, continuous(1y)'. N.0.a.h. T i i r k i i ~ I I ff.
I sing a vital spark, li\ing', and the like. Survives
Man. Chims. 3 t 5 ( I i i r ) ; T 7 ' I I l o , 86: Uyg. only(?) in S W Osrn. ozlii; 'l'km. 6:zlI, where
vrrr ff. Man. t o t q l iizuksiiz 'al\vays and con- it ha< a rather wide range of rncanings. Uyjj,.
tinuously' T T I11 26; 0.0. do. l o 4 (uzatl:); vrrl ti. Bud. s a n a l z t i i m r n Bzliig o l i i r i i r
J I I Irf 25, 1 1 (i): Bud. a m r u iiziiksiiz 'con- ‘the!. liill cnuntless r ~ ~ y r i a dofs living beings'
t i n l i o ~ ~ s land
y ~ininterrtiptedly'Srrzl. 109, 7 ; PP I , 5-6; 0 o., snnlc r~lcatiinps,Suer. 21, r I ;
404, 1 7 ; 0.0. '1'7' V 8, 68; I1 I 26, 2 ; T11f I V U I V 40, 1110;k ~ s j i i lvzliig ynqllg t l n l l k l a r
2.55, 132. 'short-lived tnort:rls' 11 11 42, 27-8; u z u n
iizliig y n ~ 1 1 g'long-lived' Strv. 474, 21; i s l g
T r i s . V. EZG- iizliig ertini9i.r. 'yotir jewel of life' U 111 14,
11 eziiglc:- Tlcn. 17. fr. eziifi; 'to i1eceix.e'. I I (ii): Cisv. in CISp. 13, 12 (2 u r u g ) ; 16, t 7
N.n.n.1). U y g . vllr if. Ruil. t l n l ~ g l a r r g iizliigiim(iiz) scenis to nlcnn 'niy/our bloocl
arclttn eziigledirn e r s e r 'if I have tricked rc1:ltions' o r thc Iikc: X a k . X I K B 6ZlUg u k u ~
and drceivrd people' Sire?. 133, 1 0 ; 3.0. do. 'inhorn unrlcrst:~ndinp' 1870; k l c i g o g l a n
220, 1 . iizliig e t o z l n c g z e g i 'a stnnll I ~ o yis like a
living 1,ody' 3603: X w a r . s ~ v iizliig 'livinp,
I) uzekle:- Den. V. fr. 1 (izek. Survives, with lis.cly' L)~r/h1 2 5 .
different meanings in NE 'ruv. ijzekte- 'to
p u l a nick in a Iatnp, to stoke a stove. to light U ijzliik A.N. (son~etilnesConc. N.) fr. 1 8:z;
a hre' and SW s u Anat. o z e k l e - 'to brina in the early pcriod used only uf horses, \\*here
together to a central point' S D D I 12s. X a k . it is not clear whether the connotation is 'per-
X I 01 ko:yug 0zekle:di: qgta'n ohhara'l-fanam sonal' ( 0 : ~'sclf' of the owner) o r 'spirited'
'he cut the sheep's jiiyular vein'; also used (n:z 'vital spark' of the horse); it1 either event
for striking it Kay. I 306 (ijzekle:r, 6zekle:- it means, in practice, 'a high bred blood-
nle:k). horse'. S.i.m.rn.l.g., whcre it usually means
'personality' and the like, but has other
Dis. AZL meanings also. T i i r k i i vrrr (in a list of precious
1) a z l l k A.N. fr. 1 a:z; 'scantiness, deficiency, objects) ozliik a t l n 'their blood-horses' I1
insitfficiency', and the I~ke. S.i.n.1n.1.~.except N r r ; I1 S r z ; 0.0. I.Y. 4, 1-5; vr11 ff. IrlzR 17
NE. Xnk. X I KB m i g i n d i j s t u g e r s e b l r o l ( 3 og): Yen. iizliik a t Mrrl. 28, 3: X a k . s l
nzltkl 'if yo11 have friends by the thc~itsand, ozliik 0,-tnirqnrrohn ( ? s o read, the M S . has
(the loss of) one lenvcs a gap' 4190: ,Gag. 01-mnqnrr bil~i,which seems to yive no sense)
s v H. az11g k a ~ n irua qrrrrir 'shortage, ~ n s u f - ?rriitn'l-say/, rco kcr<iGliko Ricll gay' xn~snlrtr'l-
ticiency' SNII.39r. I I ( ( j ~ i ~ t n s .X) :m a r . SIII(?) -mcrrl li-lrt!fsihi 'a favourite horse', also 'any-
(there mas so much hoot) that) a t k a ' a t l r ud thing \vlrich a man reserves for himself'
n z l ~ kbolcll 'there was a short:~pe of horses, K ~ I I I11
. 4.78: Gng. s v fT. iizliik . r p u ~ i f i
inules, and oxen' 02. 273-4. rcsn Irusli i l ' c l i111(711ij~ol
'personality, existence,
 AZL-
cgr,tistl~'(rl~tottl.),nls~)bri swrrtl 'solitariness' of) I ) ~ . ~ ~ Wa ArSs trnit~trrruptcd' PI' 7, 2-3.
(<luntrl.)Son. 74r. 0. t a t n u d a t u g d a q ~ tlnll$!,larnt~ fizlilrneki
b o l u r 'there occurs a cessation of mortals
D iizliig (U:zliig) I'.N./A. fr. 1. ii:z; 'fatty, born in hell' U I1 38, 74-5; similar phr. do.
sticky, glutinous', and the like. S.~.s.rn.l.Xak. 4 3 , 25; (the chain ot life and death) UzUlmez
X I (after 1 li:z) llcr~ccii:zliifi a$ 'fatty (dasinr)
'is unbroken' T T VI 015; similar phr. do. 205
food' Knf. I 45; (qfter 1 Uz) hence ilzlilg (alklnq), 381; agllzun UziilzUn 'may they
rnii:n 'fatty 1,ruth' I 36; n.t~l.e.:Xwar. xrlr (respectively) increase and be hrought to an
iizlii 'n~arruwy'(sic?) 'Ali j6. end' T T VII40, I S ; 0.0. Hiien-fs. I I , 209,1925:
Dis. V. AZL-
U 11160, 5: Civ. (my claims against the other
parti,-st?)) tiziilmeyiir 'are not cancelled
D azll- Pass. f. of a:z-; n.0.a.b. Xak. XI yo:l USp. 112, 9: Xak. XI iiziildi ne:g 'the thing
azlldl: (lullo'l-tnriq 'thc way was lost' Kay. was broken' (inqa!a'o) Kay. 1 196 (iiziiliir,
I 196 (azllur, az11ma:k) rrr(?) At. ylrak iizii1me:k); b u ylglg 01 iizii1ge:n 'this cord
t u r g u yutngak t b p a z i k a g u 'you must is constantly breaking' (abada(n) yanqnfi')
keep well awav (from a snake) and must not I 158: K D (whenever I test the evil-doer)
be dcccivrd into thinking that it is harmless' kGte b a r d l kiinde iiziildi kiiqi 'his strength
216. goes away and is broken in a day' 247; 0.0.
6146 (ulag-), etc.: Xwar. xrv iizul- 'to be
D ezil- Pass. f. of ez-; 'to Ilc scratched', etc. hruken' Qrrfb 204: O s m . srv ff. iiziil- 'to be
S.i.a.m.1.g. with the same extensic~nsof mean- broken, interrupted'; c.i.a.p. T T S I 754; I1
ing as ez-. Xak. xr anrq eti: ezildi: xtrdip 962; I11 740; I V R I ~ .
Irrlrrnrrhtr 'his flcsh was scratched'; also u,;cd
of anything in which long scratches are made U Bz1e:- Den. V. fr. 1 6:z; the meaning in Xak.
Ka?. I 196 (eziliir, ezilme:k; in the MS. the presumably comes fr. this word in its sense of
alif is unvocalized, the prrnted text is falsely 'the core or centre of something'. Survives
vocalized): Gag. xv ff. bzil- (spclt) sdyida only(?) in SW Osm. 6zle- 'to desire'. Xak.
yrrdnn 'to be ground, worn down' Sarl. IOOV. X I 01 u:nug 6zle:di: mallala'l-'acin 'he baked
19: X w a r . xiv ezil- 'to be rubbed, worn the dough in the embers' Kay. I 2 8 6 (6zle:r.
down' Qutb 23; mahPslnt tiikel ezildi 'his oz1e:me:k): K13 s u k u n aqmlg ozler kaqan
beauty was completely destroyed' Nahc. 79, t o k b o l u r 'when is the man who is famished
10; a.0. 103, 6. with covetousness and desires (more) satisfied?
5384: XI'(?) K B V P k a m u k b u kitllbni a l ~ p
D uzal- I'ass. f. of uza:-; irregular, since 6zlemlg 'they all took this book and made
uza:- is Intmns., a n d practically synonymous
with it. Xak. X I e r uzaldl: tn'ayy6'l-racul it their own' 13: xrv Muh. ixthra 'to choose
(for oneself)' li:zle:- Mrl. 22,3; Rif. 102 (mis-
tun bnqiva j i nnlr Id yrr?lfaric 'nnhr~ sari'a(n) spelt): O s m . xvrrr 6zle- in Hrimi, xwiistan wa
'thc man was unable (to finish) and persevered plab hardan 'to desire, long for' Son. 73v. I
with an atfair but did not dispose of it quickly'; (quotn.).
hence one says lglig uzaldl: 'the pangs of
death werc ditficult ('asura) for the sick man D 1 a:zlan- Refl. f. of az1a:- which is not
so that he could not he put an end to $12 noted earlier than (Xak.) XITI(?)At. 360 and
y~rq~iri)bccause of his strength (i.e. he Xwar. xrv Qutb 18; Nahc. 402, 13, where it
lingered') KQ,V.I 196 (uzalur, uzalma:k, means 'to depreciate, despise'. Survives only(?)
MS. ill error -mr:k); (of flowers in the spring) In S W x s Anat. S D D 144. Xak. xr 01 bu:
iikiig y a t l p uzaldl: fa-lllla rrrd grisd fi'l-ard yarrna:kig a:zlandr: 'he considered this (sum
'and for n long time they stayed helow ground' of) money st~lall'(qnlil); also used of other
I 233, 2R; sensiz 6ziim uznldl: translated things Kaf. I 297 (a:zlanu:r, a:zlanma:k):
,tof;i tajt6q ilr~yha 'my sou? longs for you' K B ukug a z l n a z t a n m a a s e l ukiig 'do not
III I j t , 23: KH b u beglik uzala u z u n bold1 underestimate (the value of) understanding;
yag 'this rule endured and had a long life' it has great advantages' 305.
405; m a g a aznese k i m u z a l ~ p611ir 'who-
ever rebels against me dies n lingering death' DF 2 a:zlan- Refl. Den. V. fr. 2 a:z; pee. to
678; 0.0. 801, 809, 1096, 4261 (everywhere Uyg. Uyg. vlrr ff. Bud. a z l a n m a k is used
mis-spelt &el-): srr(?) KB VP b u t o r t nik (instead of 2 a:z) to translate the technical
gariflnr n z a l a k ~ l u r'these four good and term trqnd 'lust' (lit. 'thirst') U 11 9, r j ; lo,
distinguished people play a prolonged part' I 5; (if in giving alms) a z l a n d l m klvirgak-
64: xrrr(?) At. (the miser) wab5l kotriip l a n d l m e r s e r 'I have been greedy and mean'
b a r d l u z a l a siJgiig 'has gone (from this Sttv. 136, 15-16; a d l n kiginlg edgiisige
world) bearing a load of retribution and pro- a z l a n m a m a k kiinilememek 'not to lust after
lonaed curses' 242: Gag. xv ff. u z a l ~ p ~ u z a l a or envy other men's ~ o o dthings' do. 220, 3-5.
rrannrrp we hiiyiiyrip . . . UP rrznnrrp yatrp 'grow-
ing longer nnd bigger . . . l y i n ~outstretched' D u:zlan- Refl. Den. V. fr. u:z; surx ives only
VPI. 106(quotn.); uzal- see uza:- Sort. 7 2 v 16. (?) in SW Osrn. Rrd. ngr 'to be good, excel-
lent'. Uyg. vln ff. hlan. M I 17, I (u:z):
D iiziil- I'ass. f. of liz-; 'to bc torn, or pulled Xak. sr e r u:zlandl: nbcfd'l-rocul ji san'otihi
to pieces', and the like. S.i.a.m.l.g. with some hlrsn 'amal ton FadCga 'the man created fine
'extended mennings. Uyg. y t r r 17. Bud. kiinige and skilful work in his craft' Kaf. I 297
kolgu$llar iizUlmed1 the daily (stream (u:zlanu:r, u:zlanme:k).
286 9 1 s . 1-.A Z L -
I) tisli.n- ~ c f l[>en.
. 1'. fr. 1 U:Z; su17-i:rs oitl; :,?nit. :Y. son:. pil~mc:ic cha:,r.cs; ;n N C
(?! ,: 5~ C).;~I. Azlen- '::I Fir Catr). ~1u:inrtui' Z!il !k.c.iiziim (fr. thc Src. f . >-eLiim!.
x3k. c ~ i riislcndi: ?r;qiu'a <i~~ral?~rr'i-q;dr S c t Uut.i::er !i 3.;;. L ' y g . \ - i l l 5.C:\-. kurufi
far iE rhe pa: iLise ; I < \ r h t top)' Kag. I iiziim s u v i 'a decocrlor, of drie2 g;zpeb' I
.,;t; (Giieniir, Gzleilrne:k,).
-.
S;: I n H 11 s ~ t t r a lphr inc;~.ri;ii.~kurug
iirum and Ii iizcmi 'rvi!d gra?es' (lit. *dsg.s
GzIiin- fiefl.. f . o i iiz'd-, c > n .K . it. ?i.u.a.h. ;iZiim kianFing ion rht
x.?g. \.II: fi. R Q ~iiz!iinziin
. \-.I. in une 315. ,-lnejl gb, 45-6: xrl- ~ h ; ~ . - c Diet [-.sli,
; ~ ~ .
fu; iir.iilzun '1-T [-1 3 g l : x a k - uruk p'L-;'at, 'rraI,f' (Gilrs 9,497 cLcm 10,s';)
. ; , , -b e ' a K . L!.<m
- . . i-! 1 1303. Xak. ?:; ii<il-- <,'-.:.
: -... . .
.. .s:.-L:;-
. c-,...- .
- _-.-I.,C '
,?.
>;\-- .h_ i , 2 7 . j 2 .. . - ....
ij >--, ,L+- seclp. Q;kzcl-; lir.
f- he
.- - . -'.,
5 - c .: x l I i \ G ddf. 37L i * g l c : - ) ; Y'C].
33;: xi\- :Iltr!!. a!-kcrm ' ~ i n e 'ii:ziim agap:;
dxtr~
andrr fronl o:>c another'. Surviles only(?) in 0:-'iniib ii:zGmj\uziim; ni-:abih LTiibirL.
<\i Kaz, ii~'-l!iig- (of a c r < . i i ; ~and r debtor)
saitle t,,r,r ,:csc,unrs. I xak. ~ U I - 1 : y+>:zGrn 3Tei. i s . 9.; R<i. x S 2 ( . v " z i i ~ ~
o~l;itreci; 'raicin' ku:ru: uziim): K G = . xl\-
i i ~ l i i ~ dne:g i : ';;re r::in_~h:oke' (lrzrlota'a); and ~r:ipes' ytiziim C C I ; Gr. 132 (q~13rn.):
I-,ne says t~egi:fiisi: (sic?: this i< r h t \io-d
).lip. xirI ::!-'~I:LI!T ..Li~Sin (dnd Sc?~la:ifjQu.
rrquired, lhr ;hrl.r &ITS c ! : a y : n ~ ~r 11) fi:,ri: -, . *,.G : l . i \ 1!/.2iX . _ . _ a<- .,.r ? : d. ,Id. .
1: : ti/-^*>?>:: Lyg1-1:
.rr.in r,., i;3,-t- bcc7; 1;i;r.r: ;I?-?ii-di:. ~ h t .. -~. c . ,: .. .. ..
- F, 7 :
~

.>
> . ~ , -<
. ,,. !., :.,,>,:, ;-.,#;
>::z::, ::, :. .: -,>:+:. >,.ZL c,:.:,r,
. ,
. .
AT<:a.' 1.. ! C : ~ . : l z ' ~ - ; ; ~ & %;2:.2:E
. . . .
..-. . . - - - , , - . .. *..,,. ,. . . .'.'..;;
. ..
.- ..
.
- : ' , - : > . . ,;. .,-.

.,. ..:.J .;., :,'.:\

; :
:;, -. .8..\ ;.:,:!-
. .
1 , L , L,\
.
,
. I . __.',
- 1-
.
, . ; : L - ,!-!: j,-;;. -i . . r ~ ;.>; : '.h:r
. ..: < - - > < ~ : & : j
(.,.:\, t-': . .-:::: T',.
, :<. f-. .h-u<,'s7 7 , ;:.:c L,r,
:, :;!,-.!, i~.,,>
P . y ...:.-,,:,,,.7L-. \-<;: ;;r.'L;> ..x-i:-:, ;h: : c -
, .
.,-,,!-L ;,',<!>. . .,j ? ! l ~ {>.I-,-. . r: ,;<, -:i? ,- ':c>.>;,:i~,
'Fris. % L L
; , ~ , C A :>.1 ;:-;
. .
~:
. . ..
:.,. L L , jr,:..:>z :.!,. ,,r::,,zg : I : : ; & 7 , -:il,
" -
- . .
1) u - z i t : Sc<t.ra1-. > !.>.q-,1 \;.,;=i <: \-,iZt -.:>:;7,- *,[. jt-,.l,:::cbXdk.
XI 221-i:a: L!i!! J:J/<J . > ; . ~ ~ , ; , j 7;;::z;!:; 'ii4u':-
y5 :;, *1j7. 5 i z j~]-;,-. y..\. $.: .\,y, fi. G ? e : ;
-!.,.., ,.. ' t ; : : i : - TI -~ J - I Z ~ ~ ! ) J ;! ~f i, ' d 'o;:'!-:,:f:id ' z
: i t ' ,,. ::l-,c,,.~:a:~!-t?!i,:~ :;:><:I c-' 15.31 is ".:!prcine,
L ~ l I N ~, ' - V~~ J 1 - ~ 1 zS:. ~ X~ I I>:!I- ~. 'a
lj-i:i,::,rqr,, :<,KL2. f-,,E. ., fr, 11. *.>L. jrc;cic2 \ih i n f!illy r i ~ m \ k r ! ' Id. 73).
~ ~ ~ : -

k~r!ii,siz t i z ~ ~ s i ~ $ S>ii>iri: :es :-?!,:::,ire, S ~ J I I ?

.@.
71cailijlg U 11 39, r o l ; ii::rJjksiz nom Tris. V. AZhl-
bohgunmlg 6z b a x g l l a r ~ m'lny o\vn teachers
,Yho have learnt the suprcll,~. docrrine' TT D ii~mele:-D e n . v. fi. uzme: n e v . I\-.fr.
T'II .to, 145; 0.0. Sur. 24, ro rtc. iiz- which exists in sonle rnodrrn languages.
S u n - i v p s only(?) in K C I i z s . iizbele- 'to pull
DI : 1 ' i i U ,~ ,,,lti,'. r y g . V I I I R Bud. s l k u lCrliig
.:!;fi::a!c'. Prc. r~ I 3, L y e . .<III ff. Bud. tsi.:ynur~ t i i ~ i n > - ~ : t ~ z lbni r t c l n i j 7 m e l c p
.irlig as18 y c ~ l ~ n rbu g ok ii~lii~?c;iisi criir ';>~:!!;II~ LIP ~~~11~1plet,-1>- the T O O ~ S ( 1 3 t ~ ~ d .of)
this irhdccd purs 3n e n d to 11is i-\-jl ioad (of 3!1 L ~ T ~ S7' ' T II,' 1 2 , 5s-9.
T . ~ I I S T I I ~ ~ ~ :U ~ T11I O 43,
J >16.-lS;
S)' >ii:~iIarphr.
lo,i4, 2Y; czliirlC;i riib clheult;rliatc hasis' I> iii,ulnlcn- Iiap. lcg.; Hrfl. Den. Y. fr.
i3it.n-1s. 1 s t ; a . o . 7'7' l ' l l l A.3' ii,:iim. S n k . X I bad17 iiriirii!r~idi:siiro'I-'<~rij
, - ..
~;rd i r : A 'the 1-ine-tr%.!lis ht c,,lne cr,\ crrd
D ii~lCir1$iiI5g1 I . S .X fr. 2zI:inqu:; r1.e 2 . b . 1 2 9 5 (ij~ii:~~lc:iYir, iixiim-
-
i -yg. ,!,, t1 F,:j(;. k.i.::L:.-:!i!~k:
u , : t k ; :T:~YS'
~ i ~ l G i i q L 1 u 1.~ s~r,:~.:k;
,1:;r ,<;,- :!,:!, Ti,<
;.,Y: ,~'.)::: ,r,, 'l'.T ]-![I
I! (I 7 . 1 ) i s . r?LN
!I >:, !III l:>:r':n<. l 3 ~ \ -S. . '-1.{ I , ILLS:-;'!,):)c'.
'I.:-is. \.. :'.LL- .,C ti,:::- 2 : d c I. 3. , ~ ~ 'I'h? . i : l ! ~ . ,lz!in ~ , ~ n ! u i :
1 ) ;,. ,.le:- ! > < R , 1.. f r . C i e : : ,, - . i \ c - :>:,]!<?I ' , . . : ~ i , i,,..,y ,: ,?lLY.' :!:c t.L.!.b i , c 7 i c , t j ;:,...:nr
:) ~ ' i i -' r u b . G , in i i ~ L , : i ? - ':(, <.,~:.i..i:,v .~.?vr- ', , , l , ~ s >,, ,lr,xjl,.-!~v .+,.(I.
. , 1. . . . .. ,< ; : :,:, 1 :., . i - i i r k i ;
' , ,:
8 .
.
;,j' ' I ' ,:! : ii,,:::':-
. ., . '.-t ,. '.. .,, .:),,, . . :,,p .
J' :2 t : :-:3c.,,: , ! ! I fi
5 , ,
. , 7 , . . . ., ., .., . . ,
5.: .: ,, , I, ;t5i1:.7c:-j. ;,: (< .;i;,,:..>;:> I o : ! J ~ : g u'o. 2 2 (,j*.T,.r;-), --' I 42
tiL-!:>):l:.~,]. u ; . t t n ?~2111u2L'/J:~OA. i 1;; t.-yk.
1 ) i;.,, ;:,I:- I<,.!] { ;!:,k 1c:- : k t ! : , LC. <bi-,l> \ I : ! :i Xl~n.-:1 erli u ? u n ~ r r r r l ~';:~t,...r: ~ l l ;$lid
1-4 \\Y 1; .: '1.. c l o ;,,,,,:lit.:. 8,:) (%,&:l,r<,ne]'>! x ~ , ~ i ~ - .If ; : ~In 1' 6 , 15-16: \1:311. 1171:n \.tn*ar
3 . , 1 ; ! : , L : , ,: 1, clt>,ri of :c!,ir:h<' (5,:n~l.:i::,. :,. <:TO)
.~!ll,~. ,,! , , ,' ,-.,, i,, ,.I,
, T i : . L C ..:?,,?, r: ,,... 1
'I I' 11 1 7 , ;! (,: T< I({. ~ ! Y . I<.!.s\,.~r J~ l-. 111
~ r l l l l 7~ 1 1 - ,: ;,
~ t ; 1, 5 ( I I ; S L I VI 3 3 . 1 2 : k i ~ u nt : : ~ ' . .I u 'ftjr
.. ;,#.:, :;,,,, <>T18! t , , ; , ' , I - 1)' i . 1 1 7 . ; 2 , 1 i ; . I r 1 .
; ) i s . .!:'.\I
1 , : I ,.I:, 4!ctll;!' of' .,:,1c , 5 ' * 4 r r ; o , , 2 ;;.; 4 7 4 ,
1 ) i i / i : - r ~'; 7 f r ;I::-; :... .: 1. ..II :, f <,f ,i\.,l;.<;',; .;;:i, 4; 11,.11r,:: 1,!8iQ I C ~ ,
~ l ~ ! ~ L , , l , ~ ! ' i, : ! ; ,:, , , ! , . I
. , , ~~> ..! 1 :,?,It1 s c , , I.:.>; \?,;;:I,, *',3<:1igc l ; , ! ~ \ : r . ~ !,,:,. ] , . > , I !
, f i r : . t j . c . , .l . , ~ L ; , . ! , , , , ; , C 3 57 , ! : I F 1 1 , 1 1 1 . 1 ! # , I . ' :::,-., A,,<,, 2 3 ; a , , , i..s/, , G i , 12
 Cir. uzun i s i g 'a persistent fever' H in other contests K o ~ f. 288 (fiznr:r, iizne:-
i169F =; 11 5 , 49; 3 0 , 6+-5---u?-~nt o d u g TT me:k): k-36;s juzal-), 6 4 r , 960, 2420,4203:
i 7 j =6, 1 ; 37%5 !L:Sp. 4 2 , 5); (102 haies of) Kip. XI\- Bzne- (?sic, vocalizt-d k e n - ) palumo
uZILn ~:nrlct.jbiiz 'long corion cloths n cubit 'to sci \vr<,nyfnliy, or :>-r;inr?ically', etc. id. 13.
~ c f ~ ~ . t i . l ! : C S p . 1 3 , 2-3: Xak. xi uzun 'any-
:nlnr long' (iazii) Kus. 1 ; six 0.0.: KB Tris. .4ZN
uruhbrec yncjagll 'live long!' I j 5 3 ; 0 . 0 . I jSj,. ii~ttgii:(or iizeggii: ?) 'stirrup'. S.i.a.m.l.g.,
i;p6 ,?,sre~)--kall bolsa elgig b o d u n k a including CUL y5rana 9 s h . T f 9 1 . The ori-
'if your hand is outstretchrd t o t h e ginal fum is uncertain, but the first is the
?,,. . 12.~:uzun y01 'a lonr. jiosriiev' . 83;; !iirp?ier T ? Ii ~ s basically t h e NE form, t h r
-.<;.' ;ix,3: ..,!:2i7'l ::.<c:. , ..- > . . . - : . .. \"u.i.ii-L:.:
'
1:-. :.. .
: ?-+,, ezc. 5eing eZeI:e,:~~ge;
+,54; Tef. u z m / u z u n 'lung, I r n p h ' ( ~ time
f izegi/iizege/iizegi/iizB~?,; elsewhere the form
rind 322-3: xn7 -Rfrrh. ~.~-!rn;oi/Uzu:n is iizeggi o r t h e like, but this sound change
>IP[.4F, 1 0 ; R<f. 1 . 9 (u:zu:n), r j z : Gag. is not unusual in these languages. See Doc7fer
,, E. uzEn dirriz 'lung' Son. .j+r. 1 2 : X r r a r . 11 j y 8 . S a k . XI K B (if the begs look after the
?:ii~!.?) Og. 313 (uslugj: srv uzun 'long' (of comnion peopIe, they become great and rise)
rime) c u f h zo2; r11.V '4;: Kom. ditto (and iizrgii bar e r s e qiggen (?lo i-cad) berk
,-..-
-.-.:-~el l,<,l; (;f. 758 <<Lii,:ns.): L p . Xi11 G!- '11 2 -::sn hz-. z s t i r a p , he knots it 2nd
,
-.
..- - .:- -7u:n h's~u. 2 j; I 5 : ?.I\' u?.an ;!-!u::il
- . ... . : ; 7 r . I.;:'?. i: i s C2tc.y El/?.?;b. 5 : ir..~:L it xight' 61 ro i c h e 23SS. F,zi.c tiacc. but
< . ~ . ~! - -A ,c e~ ~ ,. :t,r?, . 2 :,i,l-d. :'<;?
. -.
+.I .. . . :. -7

~ ., . . . '. ,
. . .
., . .
.-
-.
,-.,<,, '
,
:., ;
. ?
8 .-J'->.
:,i , >-;
., ;
. . _ I : I

. .).<!~,.-';
. -! ,<!r.
, L:?;'K L..LC> ;,i;i ~t<i'd: ; 5 l?? :.; : ~ , : ; c : .
~ ~, ;;,. .:;;,-": 5.u: is 7L:,2cyi :;-: ::>::>:~:c i1:
;; ; . 2 sc7 f - . 1 i ; : ~ ,pz
, .? 27.. 5:: ::,.,
. ,L;<,
. :; ,:;,.<
. .
. , : , ~ . : e 11 I-,!. ;I,:- ~.,!t, ;...- ;i-.<-
.i!-,;A.;;

: :,..,:;:y ',{
.:. . p :
.. ! c:!- t . :,X:L- ,:,! ~ . ~ . : : , L : ! ~ Ln I ~ I ~ ), ' -, ..
.-. , , . ~ , j ~ C . ,,..:,. IT, ,:. ;,c- \ L ? . . , ; ~ # ' : : - r s : 2:::, ,2 ,:; <.. :I?:'.;fii!l,:<z ~ : . >!,<a,
::kc

-, . :--
;:!2 ~ , ! , c ' 2 7,/ , ..' l . . . j J ~ ? '
.
..,.. ,,-. .-; ;,:ll,::; . 3 : . - , c , ~ ~ , L ~i ; , E.7: .,-Lzrj:r,2 ~!-,,-<,,,'*:, .
> >,i~ ~.$
'>?r:r,,i, >j:,.i::;u:

;- L.r',
~ ::,,z 7?,e .;.,:,e ;<:;:?l,lrl TO1 . .1;r/. 7 I , 1 4 ; *?I-?. 1 ;.+; ~ < , . I ~ ~ z ' ' ! - ~ ; ~ : ~ <'>:.?*>p ~~
2 < ; : I i.2 .:,..:-d in Kjp. fr. \ ! j i <ii,...:ds, 1... <:!,crl .. :i; 5%: k:.:>!:$l2.:im~>: ( k g . :..\ 3.
t

I . : L ~ L f,> 13; 12 12, ,-1c. 07sd 5 i . > q . r - L l .. g . c-.* -.::L..!?J i:%.:b .?!i7!. > j \ . 2 0 ; (X,+\ 3l-. :;v
. L!>t
-:F -??. ,.;!j 5,?!:(j. j~::.-.': : ~ ? ? vg . ~ / , c ~ ~ ~ : ?i< >;t,.?r-:,:.lii!ck , ;r n
? ~ ? - G/<:>Ci
' s : ~ : x r ~ j ? ' z > j ! t / ) .>c?;):
(.'(.'I.
K L ~ s :,jv
<;,.I K i p - ? , : r ~
~ .
.?$.,,:TI
. (::(;($;
..
.- i k > c l,r,*r! *.,! ?F,? 1at::s <l.-%.,l. l j I 1 44,
. - . K:p. .UV C E L ~ P:,;g~i'!-4~,c:~,i~ : Y C I ' ~ - I ,i::ij ( ? i ~ b d , -, ;: -?t. ;..,,:.
,:.,. ; . ~ , . . g I : {<!'c,
: c ' .

f f ~ t u .14, I : xv a!-i-iizb iir t.;ici: K : ~ ~64,

:c< ., - :ji!Z &1:>..t::;#Li:)
.

.. 3;
i v h n ) 'the trunk, shaft of a t r c e (ur pillar?)'
fd. r z ; a!-sbq 6 ~ e n (XIS. ~7rc.11) Bul. 3, 13. T i i h . 16b. 1 2 : Osm. 11v and xv iizrgii
(?representing iizegii) in several texts TTS
11 9 6 1 ; 111 7 3 9 ; I V 812.
Uis. V. .\EN-
D I u z a n - Kefl. Den. V. fr. u:z; 'to tviirk at, D urunyl: this r;ce!ns to be the only po-sible
c,; be r11c i-naitrr of, a crxft'. S U I V ~ Vin C SY E ti-anacription of this \\ord, \vhich is pec. to
'I'el. R I ~ i j g Khak. , a n d T u r . and N C lilr. K H , and drrcribcs a pcr>on of an u~:pl.:asant
I ' y c . vllr ff. hlan. TT I I 1 6 8 , 1 2 2 ( 1 a : ] ) ; character; presu!n~bl! T . . l g . fr. umn, in
nud. a1 alt:ic u2:-inrn:lf~mu z e 'oiying to my ~ r h i c h c:*ie svrlie rric~ninglike 'hore, lung-
rJ- ., - .
..A,Lr.r>- of d<~.ices(Ilrnd.)' Suv. 363, 20-1 ; v,..-inJrd3 is indicated, perhaps '21 !ii!~I>l~r'. X:fk.
kirn h j r 6 k iigi b l ~ 5astral:irda i n+:i!lru.lklig X I K B ( h a i ~nothing to d o nit11 t \ \ o hinds of
!rr.irn:in!ar b a r erser 'uli3tr.x er B~-shrlldns i-,e.~plc) hi^-isi ut.un$i y u ~ a gk i l ~ u y ibiri
::.Tt-:> i n v:~riouss'cstra's :Y,CI-C are' l-7 ! I 1 2 7 ,
i k i y i i ~ i i i gkihi u ~ n t l u c 'uric ; ~ is tlir glui;ihlcr
3 IT.; 0 (,, Tj:i.,>-t.,. I:?:, 7: Lq,,;,. !<,3. 11. ..
~ v ' l o ~-r.:.kr~
.> t d !.,:-.:ar'
?
:~c.c~is:!:ions,the ot!lcr t!;e tiyo-
q j 2 ; u > ; i k q ~ k i \ i c k3!:1~a
i ) 2 : : ~ , L I I - F.tfi, f. ,ti L,:I:-; ' I , , :.,<- l,,:-,~, G.!,ke y : > k ~ nL. L J L I I ~ ~ i:t:6!~tti~1 I ~ 1, dk :3t
;A

- r.. . . I
.c,L.:t-d I I U ~ ';I;I,I , :k,v !;kc. F i t - > t rl,-,ted in S : I ~' cIl i~~riot 1:;zL.r :.:. i : ~ t i ! i > , ~ : t , <>f:tic cbI!~pi-
r~iitor,:~!,r c.:$re t o 11rv ~ : . I ! J I ! I :?\<'I). (.~
~YY!..) :..:I![?) Tt;f. 2 2 2 , K:p. X T I I H(111. 41,
:<I\-5.7 ' 1 ' I~ 737, rtc. S u i \ ; \ r \ in f : < t r i d 1 , : ~ 5302: '
-2 1 ; 0,111 2.0. jS/lj.
: .<- 1-i'; .:,,2 >';,!::;~.:,,<<~s.
,I.
7;: -~ . ,..,,._ s. , . t . 1 . . 1.. :., , , I , , , > I ,..-.. t n 7 : . ? ,.;. 1;'.
-. , , . , L . - 1 .. - . 7, - ,... , .,..
. .,,- ';J;.) , [,:,.-,,.;,.:. .'> 1,::1. ', . I T , -<:-
. , - 7 . - : . .' .?
. .

I . c1,t.n ;t,,.,:-: . ,- ] I t . ' r t ~t i \t-!f-c.ci.ric.d'

~ orid S , i 5 ri>.! , of1,.11i ? t l , ~l > l ~ r a. z a r a z a r 'ljr~ic
! ~ k r .Y ;:.I, TGrku 1,111 ff. yeniLZ: hu: Ii:tlc.'. S \ ; l ~ k,.i . K i I klrntz sut y.2 ~ I I ?:~*I? J
S , . I \ I ] ~ anc;u: ( ? s i c , 11s. !ensek) i i ~ n e - ?.>:I : : ~ I - Lkt11.111I? yagtrn yH Icldi;? 11:im ;iz.dr
r~!i:i!t.r > { g a:llk h111u:~gall:una:n~a:d~::k- evke l u t 'L.t:l~ii\, ~ n i l k ,"r ut>oI,f'it * > I ) . V ; I I ~ ~ ,
'..:,d ;l)e>- :,rg!;...,l[!) tl~is :~f.out ~ . l ~ ~ c111;s - c , or fclt, t4L.c a lirtlc US v:ich for
..ot!r ' ,::ir' 4 : ; ? ( : I L ; I ~
1 2 % ~

I ? , , . .":.j..L.t i, the r c , ~ c l i n( l~f the'

, ? i ( j 1I , , , :! & , ci. i,, !-.,<?::;;;4 y,,,d
- ' ~ : : , , ; r i ' 'l',
r . .,v,.7:.
I, { : z\.,,, 2 (k,'Y'\. I1 I;',):
. V I . * C ~ ' i f ;,c I,.:\<, ! ) ( , :i i<;),.!!!>~i!\'
!>I.,
h18$n.
ljc.1 ? s l G S . , t ,,j i r ~:lr;!~'. tcxt is :in CI-ror).

i;,.
.', , ,.,, ,<,. -- I ' y C . \ I ] ] ; I . l?t!,.l. r 7 11 7 7 , 17. 18
7 t::l-), Y::):.x.1 f1;:!11 : > I : I : ~ :G I :L I I < . : C' 1I1~1:~
il . ~ . , ,. ~ , (~' :~t t~c i,)I <t ) i;~': f,,;lmm-r,. . : ) L ! ,!id
1 .
.

l,tfi! $'I)<.!- -f,,,t,i',J~ !.I,, < , , , ? ! I S ' ; $1 . ( I ~ : c r d

'nlaylii qnlilo(n) 'regrrt it vcry I~ttlc' Knf. INS. V. A%$-
111 361. 4 ; n.m.c.: X w a r . X I V ilzrnk 'less' 1) ozuv- Rccip. f. o f OX-; 'to race one another'
Qrrfb 17. wid the lilce. S.i.s.rn.i. Xak. X I 01 m e n l ~
htrle: a t o z u $ < I ~'he
: cr~mpctcd with n:c in
'I'rls. AZR horse racing' ( f i sibriqi'l-xayl); alco used for
1) iizere: See iize:. helping Ihj. I 184 (ozugu:r, ozugma:k,
RIS. in error -mr:k).
S iizerlik Sce yii:ze:rllk.
I) iizii$- Co-op. f. of iiz-; 'to pull off, tear,
break, etc.. together'. Survives only(?) in NC
T r i s . V. AZR- I<lr and one X I X Osm. text T T S 1 7 5 5 Uyg.
D vzirken- IIap. leg.; Hell. Den. V. fr. V I I I 11. Civ. a l ~ mb e r i m iizii$dimiz 'we have
I O:z; the suggested translation is conjectural. ccased to trade' lJSp. 111, 5-6; ( I have re-
Uyg. V I I I ff. &Ian. Ozirkenti!)iz y o m k l n l ceived hnif a j~nrtuk of silver from Inancu)
'you have brought masses of then1 hack to iiziiviip kesigip kdtdimiz 'we have (thus)
their (true) selves(?)' T T I I I 101. reached a final settlement' do. 116, 1 1 : Xak.
X I 01 m a n a : iiziim iiziisdi: 'he h e l ~ e dme to
pick ('01ri"~aff) grapes'; Hlso used i i the case
Dis. V. AZS- of cutting a rope(fi hadqi'l-/iobl) and for
1) iizse:- Hap. leg ; Desid. f. of iiz-. X a k . XI c o m p e t i n ~k-a$. I 184 (iizii$U:r, 3ziigme:k):
01 ylg~giizse:di: 'he intended and wished Gag. s v ff. iizii$- (spelt) Co-op. f.; hi-ham
to cut (ynhdiq) the rope' KO$.I 276 (iizse:r, qnf' knrrlnrr 'to hrenk to~ether' Snti. 72v. 9
 INITIAL LABIAL PLOSIVES
Preliminary note. The initial labial rotrnds in fi-alum 'an exclamation of distress in time of
the Z'trrkish l a n p r a ~ ~rucrs
s disctrssed at I r n ~ t h pain' Kap. 111 215.
in a paper of that nanre (Studies, p. xr~ii)and 1 be: Hap. leg.; onomatopoeic. Xak. XI be:
the concltrsiuns there reached are srrmmarizrd ltikdya 'an !u'rici'[-da'n 'an onomatopoeic for
in Studies. pp. 171-2. Briefly thry are as the bleating of sheep'; hence one says k0:y
follotus: ( I ) there cuere originally in pre-VIU be:le:di: 'the sheep baaed' Kaf. 111 206.
Turkish both voiced and unvoiced initial labial
plosives, b- and p - , but t l d latter had dis- 2 b6: 'mare'. Survives in NE Alt., Leb., Tel.
appeared nearly evrrywhere by VIII,and is now pe: R I V 1212; Khak., 'l'uv. be; biye in N C
ICzx. and several NW languages. These forms
found only in a few words in some langirages point to b6:, not bi:. Tiirkii V I I I ff. (the beg
in the Oguz group, which was v~rrtsunllycon- went to his horses) a:k (sic) b6:si: ku1u:nla:-
servative in some matters; (2) contrary to this m k ~ 'his
j white mare had foaled' I r k B 5 : Xak.
tendency, some Oguz languages converted the xr bC: of-ramaka 'mare'; for (all) Turks except
initial b- in three words b a r , b a r - , and b6:r-, the Oguz Kag. I I I 206; I11 S8 (yoza:-); 310
and ruords derivedfrom them into v- at an early (ye1tie:-); x t r ~ ( ? )Tef. be: mare' loo: xtv
dote; ( 3 ) m - was not a n initial sound in native Muh.(?) (after 'mare' k ~ s r a : k ) al-hubld wa
md lilrd walad '(a mare) in foal or with a foal'
Ttirhish words in prp-vrlr Ttrrkish, but evolt.ed be: Rq. 170 (only): Fag. xv ff. biye (spelt)
by a process of retrogressive assimi/atiofi in t?fost nuidijv7n 'mare' Satr. rsov. 3: Kom. xlv
languages, probably during vrrr, in 7coi.d~ con- 'mare' bey CCG; Gr.: KIP. xrv af-hicru'l-
t a i ~ r i na~nasal sou~idlater in the word. I n this -r@rii 'a mare with a foal at the udder' be:
case, too, the Oguz languages were conservative Iiou. 12, 8.
and retained the original b-, which is also found VU?F I bi: 'knife' or the like. Frob. the base
sporadicully in Tiirlrii VIII, and YIII ff. Yen., and of bile:-. Pec. to Up%.and normally used in
in U J ~ V. I I I , $u. only. Where the Iater nasal the Hend. b i brqgu. Possibly a Chinese I.-m.
tuas n or 9 the position is quite clea?, 'I' is hen fr. some word like p'i 'to split' (Gilts 9,018).
in the langt~agesjust mentioned and m e n else- Uyg. vrrr ff. Bud. Sanskrit ksurasya dhdrd wa
where. But where the nasal was ti rhe position is 'like the sharp edge of a razor' y[iill]giinUg
confusedhy t l r ~ f a cthatt in most words this fi had bisi (spelt piri) te:g T T V I I I A.r ; (all kinds
brcome y before the word comes to our noticp. yf dangers including) a g u b i btqgu o:t s u v
poison, sharp instruments, fire and water'
Excpptionally we can be sure that 'dung' was U 11 59, 4 (i); 0.0. of b i b q g u do. 7 1 , 4 (i);
*bnAak brcause, in addition to the Uyg., Xak., U I V 20, 237; T M I V 253, 41 (osguq); Ti$.
etc. form m a y a k , Ka$. records an Oguz form 31a. I ; 49a. 3.
baynak, hrit in the case of a wordlikc m u y g a k
the original form *butleak can o t ~ l ybe inrerred. VUS 2 bi: See bo:g.
In the present section all ruords are indexed 1 bu: 'this'. C.i.a.p.a.1. T h e oblique stem
with itlitin1 b-; where there is evidence from the seems to havc been b u n - (changing in most
languages to m u n - ) fr. the earliest period, but
r s it cuas originally p - , (p-),
0 g u z l a ~ r g t i ~ that
or in dortbtfu[ cases (?p-) is addedafter the mord.the Plur. was bu:la:r for a long time. T h e
Where a word containing a nasal is noted only Abl. and Lac. are often used as Advs. meaning
'hence' and 'here' respectively. See also
with initial m - , it is irtde.v~d in that fornt, hrrt
bunca:, buntag. TIirkii vrrr bu: 'this' is
the original form with initial *b- is listed kpre common; bum: 11 N 15; bunta: 'here' I S
with a cross-reference, but rulrere the original b-10, etc.; V I I I ff. b u is common in I r k B , etc.:
strmives sonrecuherc, a3en ifon1.v i n n nrodern Ian-
Man. ditto (bu: see bunva): Yen. ditto: Uyg.
prage it is inrlesed in thatform. vrrr ff. Man.-A b u ; Dat. m u g a r M I 23, 8 ;
a.0.o.: Man. b u ; m u m t e g 'like this' T T I I I
Mon. BA 26, 104, etc.: Bud. in Rrlhmi script (TT V I I I )
*ba: See ba:l~R. invariably spelt bolbholpo, oblique cases
m o n - and mun-/mu:n- in about equal pm-
71.' wa: Exclamation; not a proper Turkish portions; this prob. represents a dialect pro-
sound, perhaps a I.-w. fr. the Arabic Excl. nunciation, perhaps under the influence of 01,
wci 'alas'. etc., also used in Persian. Cf. 2 ya:. rather than the ori~inalform: Civ. as in Bud.:
Xak. XI wfl: !mrf i n k 3 li-amr dmir m~txdtil, 0. Klr. IX ff. b u occurs and possibly bunta:
'an exclamation of dissent from something 'here' in Ma!. 13, 5: Xak. XI bu: harf wa
which someone says'; hence one says wa: ne: ma'ndhtr hC$d a particle meaning 'this'; hence
t6:rsen inkdr 'alayka bi-md taqtil ' I disagtee one says bu: e r 'this man' Kas. I I I 206;
with wJiat you are saying'; also harf tawnccu' a.o.0.; one says muga:r a y d t m 'I said to
 tliis nwn' I11 375; m u n u : Irorf 7un mo'nriktr N < ~ . ; i . h . ;in al)oui S I I I it \vns rrplaccd 11).
htrr~w dG n particle mcanir~a 'this'; it is the I>;~gln:-,(1 v. Cf. FIB-. qig-. 'l'urkU V I I I T 2 7
answer to the q~lectiun kn:ni: ovno lrlrrco ( I : ) : v T ~tf.I l r / < i j r.+(e<!gu:tl:); 33 ( u r - ) ; ( ? ) T o ? ,
' r ~ h e r cis it ?' I11 237; ohlrr nhlique cnses are I V r . 3-5 (cce nya:-): hlan. 1 ~ t c5g r~l y a r u k t n
m u n t l a : 'liere', m u n d r n 'hence', bu:la:r e v k e b a r k ( k ) a b a d r m t z e r s e r 'if we havr
'these'; b u : n ~ : 'this' occurs once I 445, 17 bound the light of the five ~ o d to s our house
(xuma:rn:) pcrhaps a scrihnl error: K n as in atid householtl pncids' (:lrrmr. 235-6; k e n t u
KO?.: xrtt(?) At. the forri~s are b u , m u m , koniilln nlRo$nkler iize b a m a z u l a n i a z 'he
m u g a . m u n d a , m u n d r n ; Trj. the forms are ciocs not fastcn (Hcnd.) his own mind on the
bu, munt, muntg/munug, mugnr, munda, IJrarers (I.-w.)' M I11 22, 12-13: U y g . vrrl tf.
m u n d t n , b u l a r / m u n l a r 108, I to, 225-6: illan.-A 01 iic y e k l e r i g a n x r w z n t a bad1
x ~ v~Mrrk.hdd6 bu: Mel. 5, 4 ; 8, 15, etc. ; Rry. 'he fastened thosc three demons to the Zodiac
7 j . 81, etc.; hd'rriii' bu:Iar 8, 1 5 ; 8 1 ; hrihirnci (I.-w.)' 1l.I I r y , 1-2; a y d l h a g t 6 p 'he said
mu:nda:; win hdhunci m u : n d n n 15, 3 ; 91: "bind ti in^" ' Man.-Uig. F r a ~ .400, 2: Bud.
G a g . xv ff. m u n u r j , m u n t l a brrnrrg, bunda (harig a hell on each tree) bag, k a m a g
Vel. 385-6; b u Demonstrative Pron. in 'this' I$II: b a y n b i r g e r u b n p 'tie a cord (to each)
Son. 141 v. ~ ~ ( ~ u o t nm.u)n; u g , m u n a l m u g a , and tie tlie ends of all the cords together'
m u n d a do. 32ov. 9 ff.; some declensional PP 80, 1-2; b a y u r m e n 'I bind', i n a mystical
forms, with quotns., dr~. 1 5 v 16 ff.: Xwar. sense U ZZ 64, 1-5 (i); a.o. U I 1 83, 2: Civ.
x r ~ rb u , in oblique cases both b - and m- e.g. a g r ~ g l nb a z u n 'let him bind up his painful
b u n l a r l m u n l a r 'Ali 9: ~ I I I ( ?the
) forms in (parts)' T T V I I 29, 22; a.o. I 3 I I 16, 1 9 : X a k .
02. are b u , m u m , etc., b u n d a (trvice)/mundn X I 01 n t t g ha:cil: 'he tied u p (jodria) the horse'
(8 times), m u n l a r : srv b u , ol~litluccases In (etc.) nlso ariytliitlg that one ties u p with a
m- Qrrtb (only m u n t l a 'here' listed 112); rope and niakcs fast (ktrll g~ry' 'nqorirr 'oloyiti
~ J l N p o s s i m :K o m . srv b u and oblique cases hi'l-Irnhl run nrujnqrrlrrr) K ~ J .I11 247 (ba:r,
with m- in Sing. and b - i n Plur. are comtnon ba:ma:k); a t b a : d t m rahn!tt~'l-faras 'I tied
C C I , CCG; G'r. 6;: KIP. s l r r itndn bu:; u p the horsc' III 250, 3 ; a.o. I11 224, 1 2
hri'trl<i' mu:nla:r IIorr. 50, 14: s r v bu: bi- (kasl:): K B k a t t g b a a n t 'tie it (your tonguc)
-via'r~G dd frl. 28; in the grammar do. 118-19 u p firmly' y64; 0.0. 542 (katrg), 741, 1456,
bu:, b u l a : r , b u n d a : are menttnried; in Bttl. 1406, 1588: x ~ t r ( ?At. ) neliik m a l k a m u n $ a
15. a ramm ma tical section, thc fomis given k 6 g u l b a m a k q 'why d o you fix your mind
are bu:, m u n l a r , b u n u n , b u m : , m u n l a r u n so (firmly) to wealth' 183; similar phr. 220 (in
(li-hd'rrli'), b u l a r a : atid h u l a r u n (lahum), hoth verses the:e is a v.1. b a g l a m a k ) .
nunl la run (lohum fi'l-ibtidGY 'to them in the
beginning'?): xv in a para. o n the Demon- M o n . BB
strative Pron. in Knri. 49 the forms quoted are S h e w l b i i v See b6:g.
bu:, bu:lar and m u n d a : ; in a similar para. in
Tirh. 42a. b u and m u are given as alternatire Uis. V. BBG-
forms; forms occurring elsewhere are b u l a r l
mular, m u n u , munun, n ~ u n d a : Osm. 1;. biivkiir- See blirkiir-.
xrv H. b u , b u n u , etc. are the nonnal forms at
all periods. b u l a r \\-as the standard form till Dis. I3BL
svl and occurs spor~~dicallylater 7'11's I l'U1: bibli: ( ,plpli:) I lap. leg. ; unvocalized
122 ff; 11 174 ff,; 111 11s ff.; I v 130ff.; h u t it1 a scctiori headed jo'li, etc. L.-w. fr.
m u n d a occurs in one xlv text 11698. Sanskrit pippali 'long pepper'. See b l t m i i l .
X a k . X I bibli: rrl-d(ir jrrlftrl 'long pepper'
2 bu: 'steam'; this is the oldest form of this h-(I$, I 130.
word, but in almost all modern langilages in
which it survives the f o n n is b u g or the Dis. BUR
equivalent. S.i.a.m.1.g. A l n ~ o s tsyn. w. b u s PUF p n p u r ( ? ) S r c b u t a r .
but an etymological connection is improbable.
See Doerfer 11 791. X a k . xr bu: al-btcxdr M a n . BC
'steam'; hence one says eaiq b u m : 'steam
from a cooking pot' I < q . III 206: xlv hfrrh.(?) VU b u ~b u q Hap. leg.: ononiatopoeic for
01-hu.rdr bu: Rif. 184 (only): G a g . xv ff. b u g bird-snng. X a k . st Kof. I1 290 (slrnilrgiik).
'the steam' (btrx8r) which rises from boiling
water o r a cooking-pot and the like; the steam M o n . V. BC-
(i.e. mist) which rises from the ground or in b y - / h i e - 'to cut'; one of several words with
the mountains is called d u m a n Son. 136r. 23; this menning, cf. iiz-, k e s - , etc., with re-
reverse entrv do. 22jv. 20: KIP. XIV bu:g md stricted meanings like 'to cut out (a garment)'
vortofi' nrin brr.~riri'l-qi,ir 'the stcarn which rises in some moclern languages. T h e original forni
from a cooking pot' id. 33: O s m . xrv ff. b u g was allnost ccrtainly btc-, hut there is great
'steam' in s r ~ c r n ltests T T S I rzo; 11 171; incoriqisteticy ohout the vocnlizntion, sonlc
117 128. modern 1:rngungcs I~avinga heck vowel iti tlie
verb and a frotlt one in der. f.s like b t q a k o r
Mon. V. IZA- vice versa. Survives with hack vowel in NE
b3:- 'to hind; to fasten (sonlething Arc., arid N C l<lr. and frotit v r i i ~ r li l l NW, SW; in
to something Dot.)', both lit. and metaph. SE, S C where -1- does not occur the true form
 DIS; BCG 293
is uncertain. T i i r k i i vllr (at the funeral) keeps a pure fast' M I11 49, 7 : Civ. (if a child-
bunqa: b o d u n saqt:n kulka1ci:n y[agaki:n less Ivnman wants a child) yet1 k t i n k e tegi
h11qd1: 'so many people lacerated their hsir, h e g l i y u t u z l ~b a q a p 'the husband and wife
rhcir cars, atid their chrcks' I f .Y 1 2 : vlrr fT. mu.t fast for seven days, and . . .' T T V I I
(ants Rn;iwctl an old ox) b6li:n biqe: ' c ~ t t t i n ~ 26, 4-5.
into its waist' I r h B 37: Man. M I 7, 16
{ilz-): Uyfi. vrlr ff.'Jhtd. ylti klltyln blylp I>is. V. n c D -
cut tin^ with a sharp sword' IJ 11 78, 30-1; 1) b l ~ t ~ Cali?.r - f. of blq-. S.i.a.rn.1.~.w. the
blqgali U 11' lo, 49-50 ( u k r a : - ) ; 0.0. U Ill same phonctic variations as blq-. I n some N E
37, 8;. 45,,12: Civ. t l r ~ r a kb ~ $ s a r'if a man and S): language- it has acquired the re-
cuts his na~ls'T T V I I 32,2 and 17; t o n b t q s a r stricted meaning 'to have (an animal) cas-
'if a man cutq out a do. 38, 10: b l q g u tratid'. X a k . SI e r y ~ k a b: l~~ t u t d l :'the man
(in. 32, I ( t l r g a k ) : X a k . XI e r e t b t ~ d l :'the ordered that the wood should be cut (bi-
man cut (qata'a) the meat' (ctc.) Ka$. I1 4 -qat'iil-xa~ab) so that it was cut' Kat. IZ 171
( b ~ $ a : r , biqmn:k); h f ~ r ~ l dekr i n b l q t ~ m l z { b l q t u r u r , b1qturma:k): XIII(?)Tef. b l q t u r -
'rve killed (qntulnd) the men of M ~ g l a k '1 4 3 4 , to order to cut offl(hands and feet) 10:.
9 ; 6 0.0. translated qofn'n: K B ktll$ u r s a
h ~ y s a y a g t b o y u n ~ 'if the sword strikes ])is. B C ~
and severs the enemy's neck' 286; (this dac- L) ba$a:k N.Ac. fr. bags:- 'a (religious) fast3.
ger) blGlgll k e ~ l g l i t u r u r 'cuts Wend.)' A Turkish I.-\v. i n klonp. as bnFok (Kom.
810: x ~ l l ( ? )At. 376; Tcf. b l ~ -and k e s - 1081) and also m a ~ n h (Kora. 1996) which
blc- ditto 105: xlv Muh. hasado 'to reap' shows that it lnust also [lave been used in
b 1 : ~ - M F ~ .25, 7 ; Rif. 107 (bl:ri-); al-qn!' Uyi. Bud. Salcmann, who was unaware of
bigmak 359 7; 120; ditto 36, 13 (Rif. the etynlolopy and true meaning of this word,
at-): Gag. ff. blq- (spelt) ~n!' hordan, and suggcstcd that it was a fr. Sogdian
metaph. !tn?rirl eca &raw hardail, 'to reap' plfyk 'hymn1, a word \vhich does exist as a
Son. 143'. 22: X w a r . xlv hiFiglt 'reaping' I.-,,. i n Turkish, see paqlk, and nenvcniste
Qutb 32; biq- 'to cut' jLfN 45: accepted this in Jortrnnl asiatiqrce, vol. 236, 2,
!~ngn(fn b k - ( - a i l ) zun Ilrrtua IafSila'l-qrctr Z L . ~ p, 1 8 ~h. u t it is all error. ~ . ~ . ~ l .t b . dis-
Irrrmn'l-~nmri! hi'l-myf also 'tu cut out' (cloth) ,,laced in period hy noted
and 'to cut in two' with the sword IIon. 33, in ( ~ ~ k x.r l1r ( ? ) T P ~239;
. xlv ,wrlh. ~ ~ 27,1 .
20; fassnla ririnn'l-tnfgil bic- do. 42, 21 : S I V I S ; ~ gI I,I ; lcOm. X I V CCI, CCG; cr,179
hi$- (with -G-) hr17um mll~tnrahh a ~ f ht i ' l - (guotn.); KIP. xv Tub. 68b. and Osm. xv1
- = a r ' m ~ / ~ $ ~ i ' l - g u m d f29;fafsflla
~d. bi~-(-mek ~2.s 111 549; 1~ b12 and $till sunviving
BUE. 70V.: XV f n ~ s n l acua massQ!a big- (sic) in some NW S W languages, which is a n
Kav. 9, 8 ; rvnssala bi?- do. 25, 10; fflplalfl Iranian (?Sogdian) I.-w. with prosthetic 0 - ,
( ~ 2 -alld) bit- T d t . 28b. 5; wasscl!a do. cf. Persiarl rcxa. Tiirk" vllr ff.Man. b a q a k
38b. 9. s i d i r n ~ ze r s e r 'if we have broken our fast'
Chuas. 256; b a $ a k o l u r u p 'while keeping a
Dis. BCA fast' do. 257; b a q a k h a p : - do. 137-8, ere.
V U baqa: Ilap. ICE., hut see baqa:slz; spelt (ba$a:-); (when day dawned) kiqig b a q a k
hrn, perhaps n I.-w. IJyR. vlrr ff. Man.-A (or e r d i 'it was the small fast' TT I1 8, 62; 0.0.
'I'iirku vrrr fF. %Tan.?) (all men deiirc this) C.'htmr. 285, 330; Af 111 38, 4-5 (ii): UyR.
y e m e b l r k i i i y e m u n b a q a slnimcla siigii- virl ff. Chr. ilf I11 49, 7 (baqa:-): X a k . X I
k l m d e [gaplp b o l m a d ~e r s e r 'and if (or haya:k ~n7u1nir'l-rlasirri'a Christian fast' Kag.
because?) there has not been one sirlqlr defect I 4 1 r .
o r fault(?) in m y body and I)oncs' M I 23,
D blyak Ilcv. N. (N.I.) fr. blq-; 'knife'and the
37-4. like. S.i.a.m.1.g. w. back vowels, and also w.
PUF PO:$]: no doubt a Chinese I.-\"., perhaps front vowels in-some S C , h'W languages. See
p'n taa 'lute, guitar' (Giles 8,551 12,317) Doerfer 11 721, $44. U Y ~VIrr . ff. Bud. blqak
Prc. t o KO$. X a k . X I po:p: k o p u z al-aranv U I v 32, 7 (&iigle:-); Yiti bicekin 'his sharp
mina'l-a'wrid, run hurvo now' mino'/-bardhit 'a knife' U IIZ 64, 9: Civ. biqek u q l n d a 'on the
lute which is plucked(?)', it is a kind of point of a knife' H Z I 17; a.0. II 30, 167: X a k .
ptitar KO$.III 173; poq1: a/-hiran wo hlrma'l- xr b f q e k at-sikkin 'a knife' K ~ JI. 384 ( ~ r o v . ) ;
-nmntt mina'l-rnarihir 'a lute', it is a stringed over zo o.o.. normally same translation, once
instrument which is plucked(?) 111 219. a/-snj:f 'sword': KB (he holds) bediik b i r
b i q e k i g 'a big knife' 772; 0.0. 810-1, 4131:
XIII(?) Tef. bbrqak 105: xrv hIuh. al-sikkin
Dis. V. BCA- bi:qa:k Ilfel. 12, ~ f f 71, ; 6 ; Rif. 86, 173:
baca:- 'to fast' for reliaious reasons. N o doubt Gag. xv ff. bbiqek igne, sciznn mn'nrisrnn
a pure 'Turkish word, contrary to the views 'needle' Vel. 134 (quotn.); biqak ('with -F-')
expressed r c ~ o r d i n g baqa:k, c[.v. N.0.a.b. hcird 'knife', in Ar. sihkin Sun. r 4 4 r 7 (quotn.);
T u r k t i vrll ff. Man. neqe y a g t l u b a q a k biqek (spelt) slrzan, i n Ar. ihra do. Iqqr. 9:
b a c a t l i m ~ ze r s e r 'if we have sometimes kept X w a r . xrv h ~ q a k'knife' Nnhc. 214, 7: Kom.
irregular fasts' Chrms. 137-8; 0.0. h.248, 258, x ~ v'knife, d a ~ g e r ' b i q a k C C I , C C G ; Gr.:
276: U y g . vlrr ff. Chr. k t m r n n g a a t a y u a r ~ g KIP. XIV b i q a k (with -q-) al-sikhin fd. 29:
b a c a k b a s a s a r 'whoever calls on me and xv rikkin b q a k (sic) Kaw. 44, 13; 64, I ;
 01-)ahor 'axe'rtncrk. 'error for b t q u k rlo. 63, 19; 'sn\\' ~ f i l r c .I I , 6-7: K o m . x ~ v'saw' b r q k t ;
hny$dd 'reaper' (rrr, hut app:~rerltlvan altera- 'sc~ssors' Iluykt (rrc) C C ; I;r.: K I P . xrrt
tinn) btqak Tnh. 13h. 2 ; rik/:in b l i n k 19h. 4 : ol-nti~i~rir b t q k u : Ilorr. 23, I S : s v ditto b t ~ k t :
O s r n . ulv ff. blqak In several phr. T T S 1 9 5 ; (ric) Iino. 25, r); b t q k u Tuh. 34% J ; 49" 3.
11 1 3 6 ; I V 9 9 .
I) btqCu:q N. I. fr. b1q- ; 'sci.;srrru'. N.ci.i~.l..
~ g N. fr, btq-; 'an ayrccmcnt'; the
11 b ~ q 1)ev. X a k . xr btqgu:q 'scissors' (01-ltrrr/rd!f), that is
semantic connectir,n is not obvious, but -the anythinr used tn cut things Knf. 1 4 5 2 ; K I ~ .
derivation is certain, cf. b1qga:s. S u r v ~ o e s 1 1 1 a/-rrriqnsp 'scissors' ( k l p t l : ; also called)
only(?) in N E Trl. p1q11:; SC biqik 'the cut b l q k u q (ti~is-spelt and unvrrcnlizctl); 'I'kni.
of n ~ a r m e n t ' R I V 1318. X a k . X I b l q l g stntlu: Ilotr. 23, I I .
(tnisvocalized bgfrg) nl-rnifdq rcn'l-nhd 'con-
tract, agreement'; hence one savs 01 m e n i g I) biqga:lc Ilcv. N. (Conc. N.) fr. h t q - ; lit.
birle: blqrk (sic) k ~ l d l :'ahado mo'i 'he made 'somcthing cut oft'. 'segnlcnt', ;tnd the like,
an agreement with me' Koj. I 3 7 1 : SIII(?) T P ~ . tvith \,arious partic~rl;trapplications. I n sonie
b t q ~ gtranslates oI-'ahd and b l p g k11- 'ahida languages, cven UyR. (see bu$&kslz), be:
93 (unvocalizcd; Boroe*kor~, misled by t h e main canic b u q g n k hy labial asrimilation at a very
entry in K q . , transcribed a s Iracrp). carly date. Survives in Kay's last tllcaninp in
Nti 301-p l ~ k a k ;f i l . p l q k a k R I V 1318-22;
1)b l p k Pass. N.1A.S. fr. b ~ q - prnperly ; 'cut', 'Tuv. b l g k a k ; SIC Tiirki p u q k a k I]$ 127 a r ~ d
but usually 'half', cf. y a r l m . T h e word is K C I<lr. b u q k a k and fnr 'corner' and thc likr
unvocalized in Kay., but was prob. still spelt in scvcral KiV and SIV 1anpr1ac:cs as b u c a k /
b l q u k ; in the medieval period it tended to b u q a k . S r c r)o~rJcr I1 $42 and ?843. X a k .
hccome b u p k by regressive assimilation. X I b u q E a : k qrrtrri'l-ord 'a rrgion, or zone
Survives in SE 'I'iirki p u p k 'snuh-t~oscd' ( s c ~ t n e n t )o i the c a ~ t l ~Iicncc '. onc says ye:r
Slrnm 58; ditto and 'with tlrokcn edges' BY , bitg$n:kl:: b u q g a : k 'a cr~rltcr' (nl-=Zqi~iyn)
127; 'a piece; dilapidated' Jarrirrg 232, a n d and t h e ItLe: bu&a:k cilcl (ik(iri'i'1-rrrzrrr
S W Osm. b u q u k 'half'. X a k . XI b i q u k ( ? ) .vrrc'nl rrrinlrrr'l-!richi 'the skin of thc shnnk o f a
'anything cut' (rnnqtii'); hcucc 'half anythinp' s l a i ~ ~ h t c r chrast
d rlscd to tnnkc a shor' I<nj.,
(,rid hrrll yrr~')is callcd h t q u k ; one says b l q u k I 465 : G a b xv if. bocrtk (sir?) krrttc zcr~dillil'-L
y n r m a : k 'half a (lirlrrrrrr' h i . I 777: xlv illuh. stirto 'thc cot-ncr or sidc 01 ;I hrrllst.' Snrr. 1301'
(undcr ol-h6'rc'l-rnnknirn) n/-n;rrqtri' b1:quk 10 (quotn. F~r~irili, i.c, Rrinri?); y a k a b u y k n k -
dlcl. 82, 17; Ilif. 189; rrisjtr'l-IUJ~ 'midnight' deg! k e n t l e r 'rcnlotc villapes' Bn'htrr (Gihb
dii:n bu:$u:ki: 80. 8 ; 1 8 j : Fag. x ~ f f . fnrstnrilr, 3 1 I v. 13): K o m . nrv kiin t u v u g n l n
b u q u g / b u q u k /<mi ki hirri-yi 17 nracrrc?~g q t a b l l ~ g n k(sic) ~ 'thc castcrri q~rartcr' CCG;
nra'yrih ptda 'a man \vhosc nose has beer1 G r . : K l p . s l r r nl-ziirci)'a triirtn'l-hnqt ron
injurccl and has hecome disfipurcd' Sari. 13ov. R~,j,rilri bu:ca:k Ilurc. 6, i4:s ~ vb u c n k (with
1 6 : X w n r . s l v b u q u k batman 'half a bat- -c-) 111-z.i~ryn111. 28; cCtviyotrr'l-hnyt b u c a k
rrmn' ~\'nTohc. 97, 7: K l p . s r r r al-nisf b u q u k Ilrrl. 14, l o : s v zr?i-~i>.nbucalc Tlrlr. 18a. 3 :
Iforr, 23. I : s r \ ~ b u q u k ( ' n i t I -q-')nl-rrisf
i fd. 29; O s m . arv It: b u c a k 'corner' T7'S I 119; 11
a/-rri.cf'(yo:srm?) T k t n . b u q ~ t kH r r l . ' ~ ,2: xi7 170; 111 112; 11'127.
a/-rrilf b t a u k (sic); some proplc sav y a : r u n l ;
S h r ~ q g a : l i Srr btqjin:k
the b t t r r is used otll? to q ~ ~ n l i f ny noun
(rrrrrlirifn(tr)). hut b u ~ u k(sir) is used hoth that I ) b1qC11 Ilal). l r ~ . l; h v . K. Tr. hly-. X a k .
\\.a! and in isolation (rrltr/ritlrr(rr)) I h v . 64, 19; S I b1q21l jrrqriqrr'l-j~~ilc~v~'l-ricl rcrr kny,iliko
rtisf b u p k (and y a r l r n ) Trrlr. ?hi>. 6; hzb. 5 : ~irq<?qrr'l-nr!f 'cracks in t l ~ chnnds nr fect', also
0srn. xrv ff. b u q u k 'half'; c.i.a:p. T T S I I I $ ; 'cracks in 111e round' KO$. I 480: (in thc
II 171; 111 I 13; 11' 127: svrrr b u q ~ g / b u y u k gr;~rnniatic;tl itltrotlucti(1n) bt:q2t:l (sir) yh:r
. . . nnd, in Rrirni, rricf Sorr. 1 3 0 ~ I. h / - I I ~ I / , fr. b~:qt:l(li: (G)
J I I ~ ~ ~ ~ I J I ~ '(Icrivcd nc:g
S b u q a k See bu@a:k. ' t h r thing \\-ns cut' (irtrlrr!n'o) I I 5 , 4 (scc
b1q11ga:n).
S b u p k See b t p k . I1 b1qga:s dcr. ft-. b l q - ; [or thc tnrnning cf.
1) h t ~ g u Dev.
: N . (N.I.) fr. htq- ; 'sa\v9o r other b t q l r . ?'here is no doubt tlint KCIS.iritrnded
cutting instrument. Survivc.~ in NE 41t., the word to he spelt in this \\.a!, it is placed
I.eh. p t ~ k t T, u v . b ~ s k 'a l clittrn stick', and in witti h c k n l e s and k t r h a : s in a scction hc;~Jetl
several NW and SW lanpungcs as b t q k l (and -S, b u t therc is no other kno\vn word with thc
the like) 'saw'. U y e . vlrr ff. hi h t q g u see Sufl: - g a : s ;~nclit tnny h r :I Scr. f. of - g a : r
1 bl:; ktllql b i q g e s i (sic) 'swords and saws(?)' dissiniilatcd fr. the prrcecling -q-. X a k . nr
h'rrnrr. 27: X a k . XI (in a para. o n the N.I.) btqga:s nl-'nlrd roo'/-trri!iiq bri>.rtn'l-qnrcrrr rcn
b l : ~ g u :(sic) isrn li-~Ilati'llnfi?nqfn* bihd'l-gay' .@aj,r-ihirri' a n ilgrcenirnt o r contract hetwect~
'the u o r d for an instrument with which some- (the members of)a tribr, etc.'I<rq. 1459(verse):
thin^ is cut', derived fr. bl:q- qnfn'a K a j . I s r v Rub.(?) 01-tnnsfl't~ro 'tianger'(?) b ~ q g u ~
13, I I ; (in a similar para.) y t & ~ : qblqgu: 'the (sic ?) R v . I 89.
axe (nl-fa's) with which wood, ctc., is cut' I I
69, 27; n.m.e.: s l l r ( ? ) Tef. b l ~ k u's\vord' 105: Trts BCG
G a g . xv ff, btq& (spelt) nrro 'a saw', in A'r. D b u q g a k s l z I'riv. N./A. fr. birqgnk
ririrr@r Son. 144r. 8: X W ~ S .I V biqgii (sic) (blcgn:k); 11.o.a.b. CJyr. V I I I If. B t ~ d .u l u g ~
 UCN 295

ballkt bulugsuz buqgakslz 'their countrv mina'l-ricdl wa'l-.ray1 ma cnn~i'i'l-hoyarcdn 'of

will have no remote cornrrs (Hend.)' TT VI a woman, with a large clitoris; of a man, hone
427. or any other animal, cntire (i.e. not castrated)'
KO?. 1 392. K o m . xlv 'with an injured hip'
T r l s . V. DGG- beeel COG; Gr.: KIP. xtv blqal (v.1. baqal
U buqgaklan- Hap. leu.; Rcfl. Ilcn. V. fr. 'with -q- and back vowels') 'crippled (al-
buqgak (b1qga:k). Xak. xr b u q g a k l a n d ~ : -zamin) of a Inan, horse, etc.' fd. 29.
ne:g grirn li'l-jay' znrcdyii rca ahcri' 'the thinx Dis. V. BCL-
had corners and sharlkq' IGr. 11273 (buqgak-
lanu:r, buqgak1anmn:k). 1) blyll- I'nss. f. of blq-; 'to be cut', etc.
S.i.a.~n.l..g.w. the same variation in vocaliz-
D *blqakla:- See biqekle:-. ation as b ~ q - . Xak. xr y l g a : ~b~cildi: 'the
wood (etc.) was cut' (quti'a) Kar. 11 122
Dis. BCG ( b ~ $ ~ l u : r ,bic11ma:k): Gag. xvff. biqll-
/ dzraw judan 'to be reaped' San. 144r. 5.
S biqek See btqak. ,,

S blqge/blcgii See btqau:. T r l s . BCL

F b e c k e m (?pegkem)/berqcm ( ? p c r q e m . ) L> b1qllga:n trap. leg.; N./A. of Hahitual
Benveniste pointed out in Joltma1 arialique. Action fr. blqrl-. Syn. w. b l q g ~ l ; Kaf.'s
vol. 236 2, 1948, pp. 183K that beqkem 1s statement that that word was der. fr. blcll-
an Iranian word which survi\res in Wakhi as applies to thip one. Xak. X I biql1ga:n ol-
hickam 'a horse's tail'. P e r q e m (parqam) is -grrq;iq fi'l-aydi wa'l-arctcl wa'l-ard ma'a(n)
a PC. word, still used as a 1.-w. in S W Osm. 'cracks, both in the hands and feet and in the
for 'a tuft of hair', one left when the rest of the ground' Kaf. Z r 9.
head is shaved; 'a horse's forelock'; 'a lion's
mane' and tlie like. See Docrfcr 11 840. Dis. BCM
Xak. X I bcqketn al-snzuin wn Iziirun'l-izorira 1) blqtm N S.A. fr. b ~ q - ;survives onlv(?) in
n7d &nab hnqnri'l-rcoIzf j.nlosn7ururrrit hilzi'l- S W Osm., 'l'km. biqim ( ~ c 'the ) cut (of a
-ba!ril yo~orna'l-qitd'a badge, that is a piece of garment); form, shape, manner'. Xak. xr
silk nr the tail of a wild ox that warriors wear bi:r biqlm ka:gu:n 'a slice (jn!ho) of melon',
as a badge on the day of battle' Kaf. I 483 or something else Kaj. 1 3 9 5 ; a o. I rg, rg.
(verse): Oguz X I the 0 . 6 call ~ ~ it b e r ~ e m
ditto. D biqma: I'ass. Dev. N./A. fr. b l p . Survives
only(?) in S W Osm. blqrne, which, as well as
F b e q k u m (?pcqkiim) Hap. ICE. Benveniste being an ordinary N.Ac., also means 'cut out,
pointed out (op. cit. under beqkcm) thet this is fashioned (for a particular purpose)'. Xak.
an Iranian word, corresponding to Sogdian xr blqma: yor1:ncga: nl-qattu'l-maqtri' 'reaped
ptfknp and Pe. baykam, popkant 'sofa; court; lucerne'; note that words with the suffix
vestihule'. See 1)oerfer ,I1 722. Xak. X I -ma:/-me: and a Pass. meaning ('nld mo'm-'I-
beqkiim saqifalu'l-bayt a portico, or long -mgf'ii) are genuine words (ism mahd) and I
stone bench, in front of a house' KG?. 1484. mention them accordingly Kaa. I 431 (this
explanation arises from Kaf.'s earlier statement
'rrls. V. BCG- that he does not list conjugational forms
1) biqekle:- Den. V. fr. hiqek (blyak); separately).
'to cut with a knife, etc'. Survives only(?) in Dis. BCN
NC Klr. biqakta-, Kzx. p i ~ a k t a - .Xak. X I
01 anl: blcek1e:dl: waca'ahtc bi'i-rikkin 'he F b6:qin 'ape, monkey'; I.-w. of Indo-
stabbed him with a knife' K q . 111 340 I3uropean, proh. Iranian, origin, cf. Persian
(biqekIe:r, blqek1e:m:ek). brizinn; prob. entered Turkish as the name of
one of the animals in the twelve-year cycle.
D biqcklen- Hap. leg.; Re?. f. of blqek1e:-. A I.-w. in Mong. as heyin (Kow. I 121, Haltod
Xak. X I e r biqeklendi: the man owned 284). N.o a.b. ; now displaced by other I.-us.s,
a knife' Kay. 11 265 (biqeklenii:r, biqek- usually Ar. maymzi~t. See Doerfer I1 821.
1enme:k). Tiirkti vrrr b6ql:n yllka: 'in the Monkey
Year' I NE; 1I.T. I1 i (ETY II log): UyR.
D F beqkemlen- EIap. leg.; Rell. Den. V. fr. vlrl ff. Bud. (in a l ~ s tof unclean animals)
b e ~ k e m Xak.
. xr e r beqkemlendi: 'the tnan b6qinnig U II 31, 53; 0.0. of b6qin 'monkey'
wore a badge (tasaruzuam.r) on the day of battle U I V 28, 10; 44, 6 etc.: Civ. bhqln (in T T
(etc.)' Kay. II 277 (beqkemlenii:r, beqkem- VZIZ spelt p6Gin,,pq6n) as an animal in the
1enme:k). cycle of years, etc. IS common in T T VZI and
VZIZ and USp.: Xak. XI b6:qin al-gird
Dis. BCL 'monkey'; b6:cin 'one of the twelve years in
V U beqel n.0.a.b. It is dimcult to see any Turkish' (bi'l-turkiya) Kaf. I 409; b6:qin
connection between the two meanings; the y111: in the list of years I 346, lo: xrv Muh.
b6 in Kay. is unvocalized and the two words al-qird b6:qI:n Mel. 72. 6; 81, r ; Ri/. 174. 186:
may have been pronounced differently. Xak. Gag. xv ff. beqin (spelt) biizina 'monkey'
xr betel al-motkd' mina'l-nisd' wa'l-amtan Sun. 144r 10 (quotn.): Xwar. xrv (Yazid
 296 DIS.
drinks wine and pla!s) bCcinler b l r l e I t l e r light which f;~llsb a t tuqdl: ('it fell with a
h i r l e 'with m o n k e y and dogs' hrnhr. 183, plop9) h>$.I 319: Tag. xvff. b a t mid ZCO
10-11: Krp. x ~ v(11-qird beqin (-c-) Btrl. snri' 'quick, quickly (quntn.); b a t b a t zrid
10, 15. =rid Son. I ~ y v .1 3 : X w a r . X I I I b a t 'quickly'
'Ali 47.
\'US: b u j ~ n Ilap. Iep.; tio doubt a I.-w.,
?Sosdinn. S a k . X I b u j l n , with -j-, a/-.xarhnq 2 h a t prrh;~pnsurvives in NlC 1<1r.b n t 'clue,
h-nny.. I 3,)s.
*liellch~~rr' 1-nstc'. X n k . X I b a t nl-!nrir 'thc thick juirr of
presscd dates' KIIJ. I 319.
Dis. V. R C N - 3 h a t the first t a o quotns. below come fr.
I) h ~ q l n -IZrtl. f. of b t q - ; n.o.a.l>. X a k . sr inr;criptinn- r,f ~ v h i c hthe text i q verv d u h i ~ , l ~ s ,
c r iiziigc: c t btqltltll: 'the man pretended to I ~ u tif r r ~ l i t l yrrad 111:iy I1c tlir word which
cut (~trqotli')meat for himself'; also used for survives in N1: 'l'uv. p a t '\vr~rthless,insigni-
clrling it by oneself (01-irrJlrfid bihi ) hlnf. I1 141 ficant' Pol. 328; the third quutri. niay havc
(btq1nu:r. blq8nma:k): KIP. xtv f o ~ l a l a 'to 1 b a t in an unusual meaning. TiirRii V I I I
cut out (clothes)' (blq- and) biqin- Btrl. 7ov.: (gap) yavrz b a t biz a z i g u k u s i i g k S r t i g
O s r n . s v and
~ s v ~ blqin-
~ r 'to cut out (clothes) er[sig]tl: siile[li]m 'we are in a bad way and
for oncself'in two texts TXY 1 9 6 ; I V l o r . ~ ~ r o r tverv
h little; you havc seen how few (we
arr) and how many (they arc); let us take the
T r i s . BCS field hravcly' Orrgitr 7: 0. Krr. IX ff. ( e p ) b a t
e r m l $ o l d l m 'I was xvorthless and died Mnl.
V I ' I ) b a q a s r z Hap. lep.; I1.N./A. fr. baqa: l o , 1 1 ; U y g . v r ~ t f f . I3ud. (if a nian has
q.v.; spelt hrnsiz. U y g . V I I I ff. R,lari.-A (or offended the hrgs and they contcniplate killing
l ' u r k u vrll ff. hlan. ?) m u n s [ t i c ] b a q a s i z o r torturing hini, their s\vnrds and saws(?) and
arlf! t u r u k 'free from fault and defect(?) pure whips brealr into small pieces and) n e g b a t
and clean' JI 1 2 4 , 2. k l l u u m a z 'they cannot d o hini harm'(?)
Ktrmr. 27.
Dis. BCV
I) b ~ q l sIiap. Icr..; Ilrv. N. fr. b ~ q - . X a k . b b t 'the (Iiuniati) fnce'. 1<are in the carly
.\I blqt* 'the I\-r~rdfnr any piece fqi!'a) of bro-
period beinn syn, w. 2 yii:z hut survives wit11
cntlc +rn to a guest \vho attcndcd banquets this anti cstendcd tiiranings, 'cheek, the sur-
i notables, and fmsts' Knny.. 1 3 6 6 .
~ i f - c tby face (of water)', etc., as b b t l b e t in NC lilr,
l i z ~ . :SC IJzb; several N W languages and
in S W Osrn. in the phr. b e t b e g i z 'com-
1)is. V. BCS- plcction'. lJy2. vlrr ff. Bud. (tantric) b l r
1) blglg- Hap. leg.?; H t ~ i p f. . of hlq-. Xak. y e g l r m i n q i s a k ( ? ) a t l r g u z l k 01 bbtl u z e
X I 01 m e n i n birle: y ~ g a h: ~~q q d l :'he com- u r g u 01 'the elcvcnth is the letter called isak
peted with me in c u t t i n p ( j i (lo!') wood' (etc.); (?); one should put it on one's facf' T T V I I
alsc~ used for helping; also used of two 4 1 , 2-5: G a g . xv ff. b e t rli ma nrid 'face,
rncn when they part company (al-mcrtl6n id* ch'cck' Sort. I rgv. 10.
tnhric-nrri)Knp. I I 92 ( b ~ q i p u : r ,h l q q m a : k ) .
h i t oricinally 'lorise', hut also used for 'bup'
h l o n . F3D ; ~ n dother parasites, including those on stored
prnducts. S.i.a.rn.l.g. U y g . ~ I I If. I Rlen.-A
hat I'telirninary note. 7 % ~ ris r !to rlnrrht nhotrt tonnug b i t i 'hocl>-(lit. clothcs') Irvirsc' A1 I 8,
tlzc rvistrrrc~01nri A f t ' . b a t ( ? p a t ) rchick 7rns 14: Xnlc. st b i t nl-qnml 'lousc'; and the wnrni
r~ricrrrtrllyn ptrrr nrrorrmtnporir (srr Knv.), nnd (nl-did) which attacks wheat is calletl t a r l a
rnrrrr to rnenrz 'quickly' nrrd /Ire like. Tlzere is no biti: Knj. I 320: X I V Rluh. 01-qaml bi:t AIcl.
rrnrorr to liortht thr orithrrrtirity of n secorrd b a t 74, 6 ; Rif. 177: K o m . s r v 'louse' b i t C C I ;
rrotcd irz ling., nnd pmh. srrl.t.h,ilg it1 NC KIT. G r . : KIP. s111 nl-hnqq rcn'l-.fns@fis ' h i ~ a '
(kandala:) T k m . begik bit1 that is 'the cradle
Firroily thcrr nrr trco or prrltops ilrree mrly louse' (qnrnlrr'l-nrohd) IIorr. I I , 20 ff. : xrv b i t
occrrrrrrrcrs of whnt setbrrrsto br n d f f c r ~ t ~word
t 01-qnml fd. 28; HtrI. 11, 6: s v ditto Tdr.
rvlrich trrnj srrrcicc in NE Tirt-. 29a. 8.
1 b a t ( ? p a t ) originally an onomatopoeic for 1 bo:d prob. originally 'stature, the size of a
the sound nf a falling object hittins the ground, nian'; b u t from the earliest period it also
hut normally used as an onomatopoeic meaning clearly means 'a clan', the Sing. of b o d u n ,
'quickly, hurriedly'. S u n i v e s in NE T u v . q.v.; the meaning underlying the latter is
p a t 'extremely' (r.g. tired) Pal. 328; SE Tiirki perhaps 'lineage' that is the size of a clan as a
p a t 'quickly, soon' Slrart,, B$. J'nrring; NC number of natural families. S.i.a.m.1.g.; in
Kzr. b a t ditto; SC Uzb. h o t ditto; SW Osrn. NE bot/potlpos/poy, elsewhere usually b o y ,
p a t ditto, and onomatopoeic. U y g . VIII ff. usually 'stature', but in N E 'self'; the meaning
Civ. (the child) b a t t i i ~ e r'is soon born' H I 'clan' is rare, hut survives in SW Osni. See
23; b a t edgii b o l u r 'he quickly recovers' do. D o r r f ~ r I1 812. T i i r k t i vrrt (the Tiirkii
28; 0.0. T T V I l 28, 28 (ogal-); 28, 37: X a k . people ( b o d u n ) died, disintegrated, and were
X I one says b a t kel. like the expression (VU) destroyed) T u r k ? glri(?) b o d u n yerinte:
$ a p k e l in telling (someone) to hurry (hi'l- b o d k a l m a d ~ : no clan remained in the
-rsm'); and fur the sound (li-mwt) of anything country of the fortunate(?) T u r k u people'
 T 4; (if i t had not been for Elt6rig liakan and following entry bo:d m o n q u k presumably
myself) bod yeme: bodun yeme: kigi: contains a sim~larerror.
yeme: lJ1: yok erteql: erti: 'there would not
have been a clan or a people or (even) an 1 bu:t (hu:d) properly 'the thiph'; sometimes
individual' T60: Uye. ( V I Ibod I has heen read Inore generally 'the leg', 'the hind legs (of an
in $11. B to and M' I but in both places seems animal)', and the I~kc.'I'hc oriainal - d , which
to he part of a longer word, in I:' ro a placc- could in any case he inferred fr. the long vowel,
narne (?DocJukl~:)and in U' t of btrijun): survi\.cs in S W A'. hud and the ohliquc canes
V I I I ff. Bud. kiirk m e & 60 bod iize a t k a n - {hudu, etc.) in Osm. and the long vowel in
g u l u k 8 ~ zuqtin 'because of thcir freedom rkm. bu:t. S.i.a.rr1.l.g.; cf. udluk. Uyg.
from attachment (to this world) in respcct of V I I I ff. (Ilud. b u t kRtiirmeqe t ~ n l a go g l a n ~ ~ a
perceptible qualities (Sanskrit oiiayn) form and 'for the sons of mcn who walk on their legs'
substance' Stiv. 60, 6-8; a.o. do. 593. 20: Civ. T T VII 40, 141-2 is thrrs transcribed in the
bodka: tegmigte 'when he has grown to fill1 text, hut the word is more likely to he bod
stature' U S p 98, 20: ~ a f X.I bo:d qoddrr'l- 'having a bodily form'): Civ. kolrn butln
-insan roo qnmatuhn 'the size and stature of a srzlatur 'it makes his arms and legs ache' T T
man', hence one says uzu:n bo:dlug k i ~ i :'a VII 25, 2 ; kayu k i ~ i [ n i g kolr] but1 b a y
tall (tamilu'l-qadd) man' Kag. I11 121; 0.0. y o m & t e p r e s e r 'if a man's (arms,) legs, and
I 412, 21 (1 ta:l); 111216, 21 (tapr:); and see head all twitch' do. 34, 2-3: Xak. X I bu:t al-
Oiuz: K B (God does not walk or lie down or -faxid 'the thigh' Kog. III 120; (of a hird)
sleep) nB m e g z e g nH yagzak kiitiirmez butl: slnu:r innhasir rirltrhu 'its lea breaks' I
bodug 'He has nothing like or resembling 254, 24: K A (of farmers) kereklig kigiler
Him and does not wear a physical form' 17; t u r u r h u b u t u 'these are the mainstay(?) of
o.o. meaning 'body' 371, 1099 (1 ok); 1055 people, essential (to the community)' 4400:
(egll-)-kapugda k a l ~ nbod terlldi tolu 'a XIII(?)Tcf. b u d / b u t 'leg' (in phr. 'arms and
dense nloh of people has assembled at the legs') 109, I 1 2 : xlv Mrth. a/-faxid bu:t Mcl.
gate' (hut wherc can I find a conipctcnt marl to 48. 3 ; Ry. 142 (followed hy 'thigh bone'
manape my affairs?) 1614; kalln bod k a r a uyluk): (:a&. xv ff. b u t hrrd nin mn'ndsina
bag 'a dense mob, conimon peoplc' 1622: 'thigh' VeI. 146; b u t oz rAn 15sar-i angrtitdn-i
) ha151 yPgli k a n i kiiriinmez bod1 pd 'the leg from the thifih to thc toes' .Tan.
S I I I ( ? At.
'\vhcrc is the tnnn that cats (only) permitted 13or. 23 (quotn.): Korn. xlv 'thigh' b u t
food? His shape is not scen' 418: x ~ hluh. v a[- C C I ; Gr.: KIP. xIrI 01-fa.uid h u t Jlorr. 21, 6:
-?odd rtia'l-qdwa bo:y Alel. 48, 7; 66, 14; 83, X I V b u d (sic) 01-foxid, and some of them
15; Rif. 142: Gag. s v ff. boy ( I ) qdmat San. substitute -t and call it b u t fd. 29; b u t at-
142v. 12: O g u z XI bo:y al-rh! wa'l-qahila -faxid do. 33 : xv al-mcrrik 'haunch, hip-bone'
roo'l-'ajiro 'clan, sub-tribe, tribe'; anecdote bu:f Kao. 61, 7 ;faxid b u t Tuh. 2;b. 4.
describing its usc in the phr. bo:y k i m F 2 b u t thc normal rendering of 'Buddha' in
'what tribe do you belong to?' Kaj. ZII 141; Uyg. Bud. is b u r x a n , but but, prob. a 1.-\v.
0.0. under words described specifically as fr. the Chinese rendering of Buddha, fn (Gil~s
Okuz 1 4 4 , 1 3 ( I u:q, al-qawm 'tribe'); 1338, 3,589; Ancient Chinese b'jriai in Karlgren's
2.7 ( k i m , al-qahiln ton huwa ism cam', a 'cnllec- Grrzmmota Serica, No. 500 1.) occurs in n a m o
tlve noun'); 11209, 2 (qakrlg-, al-qamm); 111 b u t the IJyW. rcridcrinp of the Sanskrit
447, r3 (to1dra:-, 01-nns 'the people', MS. fonnula norno Brrddlza-va 'homage to the
tn:y in error); o.o. of bo:y under words speci- in T T I V 14, 69; VII 40, 3 ctc. B u t
fically or hy implication described as Xak. Iluddha in the passages below is more likely to be a
I 5 I , 16 (ogfit, of-qatu~n);237, 10 (allug-, nl- I.-w. fr. Pr. than Chinese direct, but the
-qnrctt~);238, 1 7 (emgeg-, a/-71~7s);11274, ro I'e. word itself is likcly to be a I.-w. for
( t a r m a k l a n - 01-Irilnl wa'l-qabd'il 'clans and Chinese prol). through Sogdiari, dating from
trihes'); 316. 21 (yulrt-, qnhila): Xxvar. s ~ v the time when there wcre nuddhist temples
hod/boy 'lmdy, stature', etc. Qwrh 3s; boy in thc Sogdian-speaking areas. Cf. h u r x a n .
ditto M N 0, etc.; boy b6r- 'to submit' h'ahc. See Uocrfer I1 716. (Xak.) xrrr(?) At. oz
I t t , 17; 380, 9: K o m . X I V 'body' boy com-
elgin b u t Ptip i d i m b u tPdi 'making an idol
mon CCI, C C G ; Gr. 63: Krp. X I I I al-qadd with his own hands he said "this is my lord" '
rvn'l-qd~na b0:yl: (sic) Hori. 19. 17: xrv boy
a/-qdmn Id. 37; ditto boyr: (sic) Bul. 9, I I : x124; Tef.b u t l b u t b u r x a n 'idol' (also b u t
5 n a 'idol temple') 112: Xmar. XIV but
xv badnn 'body' b o p , corrected to boy Tttlt. 'idol' Qlrtb 38.
8a. 3: O s m . xrv boy 'clan', c.i.8.p.; body,
stature' in two texts; 'branch' (not 'bank' as VU 3 bu:t (?bu:d) pec. to Kol.; the mean-
translated) of a river in one x v ~text T T S I ing common to his m o translations seem? to be
114: II 162; I11 109; I V 121. something like 'a valuable object'. Xak. X I
2*b0:d 'colour' or the like. Tliis word seems bu:t the word for any 'large and precious
to be the original form of boy in Uye. vlrI ff. turquoise' (fayrrirnc) hung on the forelocks
Man. and the basis of 1 bodu:-. Uyg. V I ~ Iff. (al-narca':i) of the sons and daughters of
Man. k a r a boy 'black coloured' 1Ci IZ I I , I 8 notables; hence one says krz bu:t urdl: (MS.
(emig). urz:d:, but u9ada'at requires urdr:) wada'ati'l-
-cdriyn ddliha 'the servant maid put on that
E 3 bo:d 'hustard' follows 1 bo:d in Kay. III ohject' (presumably on the child, not herself):
121 ;.it is nn obvious error for to:d, q . ~ . ;the bu:t the word for the provision (mira) made for
 RION. UD
anyone who h r i n ~a gift o r present from a bu:d- 'to die of cold'; survives with the same
notable; for example if one man gives a h o n e meaninq only(?) in SW xx Anat. bly-/buy-/
to another. the groom is given a dinrir o r a b u y u - l b u z - / b u y - S D D 202-42; Tkrn. buy-.
sheep, and such a sheep is called bu:t Knq. III X a k . X I e r tuw.lugka: bu:dtl: horira'l-racrrl
120. mina'l-hnrrf rcrr nrritn 'the man suffered from
the cold and died' Kn?. 111 439 (bu:da:r,
V U bBcj 'a royal throne'; N.o.a.1,. In I S I bu:dma:k).
the first passaRe quotcd appears as b u iidke:
o l u r t t r n , hut this seem- to have hcen an error hilt- hnc :In rutr;~or~linnrilywide range of
and is changed in II N, the later inscription. n~eanings,the startinr-point of which seems to
T i i r k i i V I I I (I Teqri: trg Tcqri:dc: hollnig he 'tn hccr~mecomplete'. 'This developed in
Tiirkii Ililge: ?(atan) btidke: o l u r t ~ r n'have two contrary dircctions. 'to come to an end, be
taken my scat on the throne' I f N r ( I S I 'at linislird', and 'to he ready to start' with various
this time', see above); b o d k c : i i z u m o l u r ~ p spccial applications. S.i.a.m.l.g., in NE, SE,
'I myself, sitting on the throne' II E 2 ; NC IGr. b ~ i t - / p u t -in N C Iczx., SC, NW, and
badke: k o r u g r n e b e g l e r - g u yaglltaq1:slz SW bit-. IJyg. vrrr ff. h d . Sanzkrit sampnn-
'will you b g s , when you look to the throne, napmlici!tn (a man) 'whose efforts are com-
misbehave ?' I S I I ; II E 8. plete' (i.c. 'crowned with success') b i i t m l g
(piitmi$) k a t ~ j i l a : n m a : k l ~ gT T V I I I A.5; na
M o n . V. BD- hrtam bhauqti 'it is not done' (by wisdom)
b a t - basically 'to descend and dicappcar' (as $ i r a : t t l r n ~ ~b o l m a : s a : r a:zu b i i t m i g (piit-
opposed to e n - which is merely 'to descend'), mig) do. A . I I ; (a man strives only s o much)
hence 'to sink; (of the suq, etc.) to set.' ydwad nrthnsyn rrispnltr 'as to achieve his pur-
S.i.a.~n.l.g. T u r k u vrIr ff. Man. (;he s u n and pose' ne:ve:ke: t e g l a s l g n l g b i i t r n e k l bol-
moon) t u g a r b a t a r 'rise and set Ch~ias.24: s a r (piitnreki polmr) do. E.44; a l k u t a r l i i g
U y g . V I I I k8re: a y [ b l n t a r erikli: s i i ~ i i g d i m k i i s a g l e r i k a n l p h i i t u p 'his desires of all
'1 fought at night ns the moon set' $14. E I kinds are satisfied a t ~ dfr~lfillcd' T T VII 40,
(Ramstedt read ynrrrh h q t ~ r ,hrlt the photo- 130: similar phr. I J 111 85, 1 2 ; 11 I 14, 135-6
rraph shows no rooni for the extra letters): - - - - u l u g n l a g n c j t u r a u i~ b i i t e r the great
V I I I IF. t h d . (then tlu);e tnortala, as they task of wcnkrninc (the devils) cotncs to a
revolve in the rivcr of this world) C o m e r (succrccft~l)cnd' 7'7' V 10, 97-8; a.o. Srrw.
h a t e r tegziniir, 'sink (tlenrl.) arid revolve' 533, I-(a stainlecs pure tnapic body) b u t t i
7'T 171 195 v.1.; 0.0. of Corn- b a t - U 111 44. 'has come into existence' T T V 8, 52: Civ. in
2 (i); T T I I,' p. 15, footnote 4-5; a.o. T T fortune-tellinn texts, e.g. T T 1 7 5 , 176; V I I
VZII K.5 (elig): Civ. a y t e g r i b a t t l 'the moon 24, 28 ( u g r a : - ) phr. like ig b i i t e r or b u t m e z
has set' T T I 40; in T T VII I , an astrono- are common--in medical texts blit- 'to heal
mical text, b a t a r , of a star, mcans both 'sets' (Intrans.)' is common, e x . b e ? o n y l l k a r t
and 'is below the horizon'; a.o. USp. 28, 45 h u t m e s e r klqi e t l n y a k g u 01 b a t b i i t e r 'if ,
(2 u r u a ) : X a k . X I ku:n b a t t ~ ,&rra/~nti'l-qnrns
: a man has an ulcer which will not heal for five
'the curl set'; and one says k o r u g j x n (mis- or ten yearc, he must ruh it with human flesh
spelt) s u v k a : battt: rtrmhuti'l-nnrrk fi'l-md' and it heals quickly' H I 3o-1-klmiini buttip
'the lead sank in the rnz~trr'(ctc.); also w e d of 'if a man's voice fails' rio. 146: X a k . xr e r
anythins \rhich disappears from sight [gnba ii:nl: biitti: 'the rnan's voice failed' (sofit)
'nni'l-'mt~r) Kaq. I1 203 ( b a t a : r , b a t r n a : k ) ; hccnuce of hr,nrseness i n the chest, o r illness,
(the duck) s u v k a : b a t a : r yn$ri$ fi'i-niZ' 'dives o r a blow: and one says a n r g altrnr: b u t t l :
under water' I 528, 10; a.o. IT 128, 6: K B tnhirtn dny~rrthri>rlnylri run pahlm 'the deht due
k u n i i r n b a t g a l t r t e g 'as m y sun sets' 1072; to him w a s proved and authenticated'; and one
xlv Altrfr.(?)~iiynb n t - Rif. 99 (only); Xril,oti'l- savs ba:? b u t t l : ir~datnnfa'l-crirlt 'the wound
-fonts k u n battr: do. I 13: 01-gnrc: b a t m a k do. he-aled'; nncl one snys k u l tegri:ke: biitti: 'the
120: G a g . xv ff. b a t - .firti rn/,:zn 'to descend, servant ;~cknowlcdgcd(nqarrn) the unirluenesr;
sink' Son. rrgr. 29: X w a r . X I V k u n b a t a r of God' Kng. I1 294 (continues in I<rp., q.v.);
(quasi-Noun) 'sun-set' Qtrtb t g : K o m . XIV (when t h c wise Inan sees it) sikzke: bute:r
'to sink, set' b a t - C C G ; Gr. 53 (quotn.): Klp. vtrsaddiq kn/(imi 'he confirms m y statement' !
gn!osn of the sun, liloon o r star. 'to set', b a t - III 137, 6 ; n.o. 1 2 1 9 , 26; 111 166, t o ; 2 4 0 ~ 2 6 :
Horr. 35, 18; ,@so nrinn'l-gnmp 'to sink' K R b u t - is common, us~lally'to believe, rely
su:dn: b a t - do. 4 17: X I V b a t - 2atosa on (someone Dat.)', e.g. b u t m a g a 742; 0.0.
(norn~ally'to dive') h. 28; b a t - ditto, d0.'33; 2 5 , 46, 51, 290, 725. 729,
@pa b a t - Bul. 65r. svgntnsn b a t - Kno. 8, I S ; b e r g e bag1 b l i t e r 'the wound lnfllcted by a
Iq90, t

76. 4 ; dariqa 'to sink, be suhmerged' b a t - whip heals' 2580: x r ~ r ( ? )At. b u t l l b a g l k - I

Ttlfi. 27R. 2. tursa b i i t m e z b t i t e r o k bag1 'if the tongue

wounds (the wound) does not heal. (as) a n
l'U b6:d- Hap. leg.; the first letter is undotted, arrow wound heals' 139-40; Tef. bit- (of a
hut as the word comes between 1:d- and bu:d-
it must have been b3. X a k . XI a n r g k5:zl: ~ i r l ' sbreast) 'to grow, fill out' 104; biit- 'to
b8:dti: nbsarat 'nvnuhrc cfo'ifa(rt) 'his eyesight believe in (someone Dat.)' 113: XIV Mtrh.
\\,as weak' Kgg. III 439: fntlla over first letter; nnhntn (of a plant) 'to qmw' b i t - Mrl. 31, 9 ;
b&de:r, b8:drne:k). Rif. r 15: Gag. xv ff. but-(-ti, etc.) hit- . . .
p k ~ ry ~ r d t nnnhrit bit- . . . wgvi cnrglat ogrrlrrp
S b i t - See b u t - . .
hit- . . wr yci hir iq we bir binn tomdm olup bit- - L.
 TNII.111 1 1 ( E T Y I1 06): UyB. V I I I b i t i g badi:- 'to dance'. An 1.-w, in klong. as h6ci-
[bitl:]dlm $11. Sb.: V I I I ff. Man.-A b l t l d i m (Koru. 1220, Iialtod 311) which fixcs the first
.\I I 28, 22: Bud. bitldeqi b i t i t d e ~ i'writing vo\vel as -6-, not -ii- as usually transcribed,
(this stitrn) or caurinp it to he written' Srru. hut suppests that the original form was bOd1:-;
447, 17; Civ. bitl- (usually in the fc~rnmbltl- this links with the fact that in Koi. thin word,
d i m ) is very common in the contracts in USp.: thouph spclt bridl-, is indexed under -D, see
0. KIT. I X ff. bitigli: Ma/. 24, 3 ; b i t i d i m do. bedii:-; hut this form, if autl~rtitic,must have
42, 6: X a k . X I (in prnmrnaticnl srctiot~)er been a dialect pronunciation. Survlvrs only in
b i t i g biti:di: kntnha'l-mcrrltr'l-hifdh 'the man several NIV languapes as b l y l - ; the N C fortns
\\.rote a letter (or book, etc.)' h-nf.I1 325, 7 ; I<lr. biyle- I<zu. bile- are Uen. V.s fr. bly
n.ni.e.: K n biti- is common I 14, z j X , 1342, (biicjig, q.v.). U y a . vrrr ff. Bud. U 1 4 1 , 21;
etc.: X I I I ( ?At. ) b i t i d i m 465, 47;: Trf. biti- 11.' 8 , 36 (win:-); T T X 144-5 ( I 1:'); 0.0.
( a n d ? bit-) 'to write' 104: X I \ ' Rluh. krtohn do. 469; [ I 11 24, 4 ; 25, I : X a k . xr kt:z
bit[:- d f d . 30, 11; 39, 2 ; 41, 6 ; Rif. I I.+. 131: biidi:di: (sic) rnqnfoli'l-cdrij'n 'the servant
F a & s v ff. bitl-(-dl, etc.) yaz- 'to write' Vrl. girl (ctc.) danced' Kni. III 259 (bodi:r, bod{:-
134-6 (quotn.); b i t i - (spelt) nrizuistan 'to m e : k , see ahove; prov. containing b5dl:g):
write' S a ~ l .1 4 3 r 13 (quotns.): XWRT. X I I I ( ? ) x ~ vh l u h . roqosa (VU) bi5yi:- Mel. 26, I 1 ;
(Then Oeuz Xan sent his onlers to the four Rif. 109; 01-mqf (VU) b o y i m e k rzo (only,
quarters and) b i l d u r g i i l i i k b i t i d i 'urrote to -mok in error): K o m . xlv 'to dance, clap'
inform them' 0g. 104: xrv biti- ditto Qlifb 34 beyl-/biyi- CCI, C C C ; Gr.: K t p . xrrr
MN 78, etc.: K o m . xrv 'to write' biti- C C C ; raqofn be:y- Horr. 34, 14: x ~ v b 6 y - raqnra fd.
Gr.: Ktp. zlv blti- knfoho id. 28: O s m , XIV 37 (and see 1 biik-).
and xv biti- 'to be destined', i.e. written by
f a t e i n a f e w t e x t s T I ' S I I I O ; I1 156; I V 116. Dis. BDB
S buta:- See butr:-. SF b i t b i i l See b i t r n u l .
but1:- 'to prune' (a trcr, rtc.). 'I'hi was no 'I'ris. DDD
dnul>t the original vocnlization of this vcrh, S F p i t p i t i Sec b l t r n u l .
cf. b u t ~ k ,hut it hecamc b u t n - rarly in the
medieval period. S.i.s.m.l. in its original
meaning and also for (of a trce) 'to throw out Dis. I3DG
hranchcs'. X a k . sr Kof. 111 337 (but1kla:-); F b a d t q 'vitlc trrllis'; no doul>tlikeotl~rrwords
n.m.e.: Klp. xrv b u d a - q o l l n ~ ~'tom prune' fd. connccted with vines, c.p. 2 ba:g, b o : ~ ,an
29: xv ditto T~rh.3oa. 6 (in margin in second Iranian I.-w. N.o.a.b. 'The word is noted
hand budiltll a y fop7110, same meaning): in I'e. as miyic (Steingusz 1454) and Tajik
O s m . x v r r ~b u d a - , in Rlirni, pirdstntt hd2 wa vo'ij (Tef. 88). Xak. XI b a d r c nl-'arij 'vine
dirost a z $d.v-i zdyid 'to prune the superfluous trellis' Kq. I 2 9 5 (uziirnlen-); n.m.e.: xrrr(?)
branches off a vine or trce' Sort. 131r. 28. T f f . 'old '~irri~ihd
b a d r q l a r r o r t m e n l e r i iize
!8 (apparently alternative translations for al-
? D 1 bodu:- (?bode:-) 'to dye (something - arif which mcnns hoth 'vine trellis' and 'open
.4rr.)'; presumably Den. 1'. fr. Z*bo:d q.v. hut with a light roof').
Survives in NIC Tel. poclu-; 'l'uv. b u d u - and
in all other language groups as b o y a - or the T r i s . BL)C
like. X a k . sr 01 to:nug bodu:dl: p~bnja'l-
-torch 'he dyed the garment' (etc.) ICn$. III 260 I)I: b a p ~ q l ~Ifap.
k leg.; A.N. (Conc. N.) fr.
( 2 bod11:- follo\vs in same para.): XI^ Mtrh. badlq. X a k . sr b a d i q l i k (MS. -d- for -*-)
gobo,t?a bo:yn:- Afrl. 27, 13; Rif. 111; nl-,mb2 ylga:q 'wood (01-snpab) prepared for the nlanu-
ho:ya:rnak 37, 1 4 ; 124: Gag. s v ff. boya-(-b) facture of a vine trellis ('orij~c'l-knrni)' K a t . I
hir rrn,ylr hnw- 'to dye with a colour' Vrl. 158; 502.
boyn- rang knrdan Snn. I j l v . 27: X w a r . SIV
hoya- ditto Qlrth 3;: Icorn. X I V ditto C C I ; Dis. BDD
Gr.: K I P . X I I I ~ n b a ~ $hn:ya:-
o Horr. 37, z D b u t u t Hap. leg.; Active Dev. N. fr. b u t - ;
( I ~ n p r r a t . ,in crnir. -gil): s r v ditto Orr!. 55v.: 'the successful performance (of a task)'. Uyg.
s v ditto Trrh. 23a. 2. v r r ~ff. Civ. T T I 140 (egldiit),
V U 2 bo0u:- 'to fasten, or nail (sotncthinl:
Act., to something Dol.. o r iize)'. N.o.a.b., Dis. V. BDD-
hut see bodul-. U y g . \ v r ff. Bud. (the nierci- D bediit- C a w . f of b e d & ; to 'make some-
less rulers of hell) o r t l i i g y e r k e b o d ~ y u thing, big, greater, ctc.' Survlves only()) in
q a l a r l a r 'throw them down and fasten them NE Tuv. b ~ d i t - and SW Osm. btiyiit-.
to the fiery ground' T T V I p. 73. note 308, U y g . v ~ r rff. CIV. k l q i g at19 b e d i i t ( t ) u g 'you
t o ; Brtliig y e r iize e t o z l e r i n b o d u y u t o k r p h a r e increased your small reputation' TT I S :
&. 3 1-2: X a k . XI (after 1 bodu:-).and onesays X a k . XI 01 o g l a : n ~ gbedlitti: rohbd'l-fnhi run I
01 o k r n u r d i : keyiknl: y ~ g a : q k a : bodu:dl:
mnrd'l-la.vd run alzaqnhrr Bi'l-$ocam 'he shot the
kabbarahu 'he broupht u p the boy and made
him grow up' K a f . II 300 (bediitii:r, bediit- 1
mild animal and fastened it to the tree' (etc.) me:k. T h i s verh, k a d r t - and k i d i t - , q.v., are
h-0s. I11 260 (bo(_lu:r, bo~Jo:ma:k, lllis-spelt placed in a scction preceded by -I)-, which is
horjrirrtnn:k). follo\ved by one preceded by - Q - and ends i n
 the following sentence, 'some of them (i.e. the 'he urged his son to dance, and so he danced'
'l'urks) make the d d s in all these verbs yci on Kaj. 11 302 (bodiitu:r, bijdut-me:k).
the (false) assumption ('a16 tawahlrum) that
they are &I (with a dot over). I heard this T r i s . V. BDD-
among the Yagna :,T u x s ~ :, and Oguz and parts D bediittiir- IIap. leg.?; Caus. f. of bedUt-
(afrZ/) of the Uyijur.. T h e alteration of ddl to and syn. w. it. Uyg. vrlr ff. Man. k o p k8gCI-
dcil is also permissible in Ar., as one says md lin u l u g t a p Britteqi bediittiirdeqi (spelt
dtrqtlc 'adtiqa(n) too 'a&ifa(n).' T h e s p c l l i r ~ ~ betiid~iirte~i)'aruusing and increasing great
bediit- was therefore deliberate, but seems to desires with his whole mind' T T IX 41-2
represent a dialect pronunciation): KB the (meaning indicated by the Tokharian original,
word is consistently spelt bedut-; (know that except that only one verb 'arousing' is in that
knowledge is great (bedtik) and understanrling
great (ulug)) b u i k i bedutiir iidtirmig text).
k u l u g 'these two make t@ chosen servant D ~ S BDC
.
great' 152; 0.0. 298, 1001, 1?59, 4015!anln), D b a t @ Dev. N./A. fr. bat-, lit. 'the act
5801 (buka:): xrv hluh.( ?) a?zatno guyralnr
of sinking' w. various special applications.
'to make (someone else) great' (VU) beyiit-
Survives at any rate in such words as KC Klr.
(unvocalized) Rif. I 3 I (only). batu: 'the act of sinking; a hole, depression'
D F bitit- Caus. f. of blti:- 'to have (something and SW Osm. bat1 'sunset, arest'; but some
Acc.) written'. N.0.a.h. Tiirkti V I I I T u r k u words below and modem forms like SE
Bilge: X a g a n B1i:ge: bitl:tdim 'I had (this in- Tiirki b a t u k 'quagmire', Shnw 40, and SW
scription) written for (i.e. addressed to) the Osm. b a t t k 'sunk, sunken' are prob. derived
realmofTurkii Rilg-e: Xagan' T58: Uyg. V I I I ff. fr. the parallel Pass. Dev. N./A. batuk, and
Dud. bitlt- usually means 'to have (a Buddhist words like b a t a k 'nlorass' are Sec. f.s of
scripture) written' as an act of piety e.g. Strv. b a t g a k , a Dev. N. first noted in Gag.. Sun.
447, 17 (biti:-); U I I 38,69, and 7 7 ; T T VII r t9v. 16. Uyg. vrrr ff. Bud. (in a list of evil
40, 10; (any man who in order to seduce beings) b a t ~ g d a k la g u l u g lu:lar 'poisonous
women) y l r l a p t a k g u r u p bitig bititser dragons in the gorRes (or swamps, etc.)' T T
'slngs,
. or composes verses, or has letters VI 9 6 7 : Xak. XI bat@ 'the gorge (01-gamiq)
written' (will be reborn blind) U 111 75, 1 I : of a river, etc.' Kaj. I 371 : KB (anything that
Xak. XI 01 bitig bititti: ak1aba'l-kif5b 'he rises must descend) aglgka eniq 01 edizke
had a letter (book, etc.) written' Ka?. 11 298 b a t t g 'a descent (folloa~s)a rise, the sunken
(bititii:r, bltitme:k); a.o.0.: X I V Muh. kattaba the high' 1087; bilgi bat@ 'a man whose
bitit- Mel. 41, 7; Rif. 131: Gag. xv ff. knowledge is ~ r o f o u n d4704;
' ,5713: XIV Muh.
bltit-(-ti) yaodur- Vel. 134; bitit- (spelt) 01-mugammas fi'l-md' (VU) b a t u k Mel. 83,14:
Caus. f.; nuwisdnidatt Sun. 1 4 3 ~ 15 . (quotn.). Rif. 189: X w a r . XIIT(?)(this golden bow
reached) kiin tugusldln d a ktin batlstkaqa
r U D bodut- (bodot-) Caus. f. of 1 bodu:-; 'from east to west' 0.j. 318-19: X I V b a t t g r s k
to have (something) dyed'. This is almost (of grief) 'deeper' Qictb 29: Ktp. XIV b a t u k
certainly the verb in PP 2, 4-5 which Pelliot fiyir yuqdl lahrc'l-2attZs 'a bird called the
transcribed btrtnt- and derived fr. but1:-; Pel- diver' fd. 28: xv gafrds b a t u k (pointed as
liot's translation, including a mistranscription bafluk) Tuh. 26b. 4.
of k a r s as kart$, is not plausible. Survives as
boyat- in S E Turki Slraw, Jarring; N C Klr. blcjlk 'moustache'. Survives in some NE and
(boyot-); Jczx.; S C Uzb. (boyat-); and N W languages as m l y l k ; SW Az. big; Osm.
several N W and S W languages. Uyg. VIII ff. blylk; other languages use the Pe. I.-w. btrrlit
Bud. (some people spin wild hemp, wool, or o r Sec. f.s like m u r u t l m u r t . Xak. XI b ~ d t k
hemp and) b8z bodatlp k a r s toklyur 'have al-sabala 'moustache' Kaj. 1 3 7 7 : X I V Muh. al-
the thread (lit. 'cloth') dyed and weave gar- -sibel btyl:k Mel. 47, 5; Rif. 141: Gag. xv ff.
ments' PP 2, 4-5. b l p (sic) burtit San. 147r 24; m l g burlit,
in Ar. sabalai do. 3 2 r I I : Klp. xllr al-farib
D budut- llap. leg.; Caus. f. of bu:d-; an 'moustache' blylk (MS. j'ayjk) HOU.20, 8: xv
earlier form of the Caus. f. than S W 'Irtm. al-jmib m l y ~ kKao. 60, 15; ditto blylk Tuh.
buydur-. Xak. XI o l kigi:ni: tumlugka: zob. 5: Osm. sv ff. bblytk noted in several
b u Q u t t ~ ahlaka'l-ractrl
: ji'l-bard roo toacada'l- phr. T T S 11 138; IV 101.
-qurr hattd: mdta 'he killed the man in the cold,
and (the man) experienced such cold that D b u t l k Conc. N. fr. but1:-; 'the branch (of
he died' Kng. 11 302 (budutu:r, budutma:k; a tree, etc.'), with some extcnded meanings.
the initial seems to have been altered t o y - in For the vocalization see butt:-; -I- is not
the MS. by somcone who supposed that the noted later than Xak. S.i.a.tn.1.g. w. some
word was the Caus. f. of yo:d-, hut such verbs phonetic changes (b/p, t/d). See Doerfer I1
with initial Y- are listed in II 315 ff. and not 779. Uyg. VIII ff. Bud. butlkln yulduzln
in this section). (spelt btrdhilrkim jvtdtmim) 'with its branches
and roots' T T V l l I K.10; aqok s o g u t n u g
D btidilt- CRUS. f. of biidi:-; 'to make butlkl 'the branch of an aSoka tree' U 11 24,
(someone Acc.) dance'. Survives only(?) in N W 3; 0.0. Strv. 529, 7-9 (ulun); Z'T 111 28,
Kaz. biyit- R I V 1790. Xak. XI o l o g l l n ~ : note 71,3: Civ. t ~ sDgut t butlkl 'the branches
budiitt i: Itontala ibnnh~r'nlB'I-oafan /a-zafana of a larch' TT I 163-4; do. 165 ( a r t u ~ ) Xak.:
 XI b u t ~ kal-?u$n wu'l-grr'b:~ ~rrirrl~rrll joy' 'a cnhrr,rrbhilzd '51 lavatory jug' batt6ltkta:kt
branch or twig of anythinK'; butsk al-qirbntu'l- (spclt pa-) kiizeq T'I' VIII C.ro; (in a list
- $ a ~ i r a'a5 mall water-skin' in the dialect of of parts of a house) yilktka a t l ~ kkiglke
1<5$qar: b u t ~ k'a skin container (qirbn) made b a t r g l ~ k'a stable for the livestock and a
from the skin of a horse's leg and used for lavatory for the people (in the house)' TT VI
~.
storing kumis (al-rimirl. etc.': b u t a k also 'a
brancG' in one dialect f'the td can carry either
.
87.
afaflta or a knsra Kaf. I 3 7 7 (verse containing I' boduglug P.N./A. fr. bodug;
buta:k); 6 o,o, of buttk and butak: KB coloured'. S.i.s.ni.1. UyR. V I I ~tT. Ilud.
yndlldr b u t t k bmnrhrs hn,.c spread 1'0d11glug kereze ton kedili 'wc:~rir~g
a dyed
out' a ~ 0 2 x1ll(?)
: ~ ~b ufd a k. 'branchp (and
m""k'3 robe (I.-w.)' rJ.7~.105, 10.
budakli 'havin'i (m&) branches') lo9:' X I V Tris. V. DUC-
Mtrh.(?) nl-grcfn bu:ta:k Rif. 182 (only):
Gag. sv ff. budaglbudak sri.r-i diro.rt 'the D butik1a:- L)en. V. fr. b u t ~ k ;'to prune (n
branch of a tree' Sun. 13 rr. 27: Xu'ar. xrrr tree Acc.)' and other cognate ~neanings. This
b u d a k ditto 'Ali 57: s ~ bvu t a k ditto Qutb 39; must have been the origlnal form of this verb,
M N r 7 7 : K o m , xrv ditto b u t a k CCI: Gr.: but in the MS. a fatha has been marked on the
K t p . ;;I nl-far' 'branch' bu:ta:k (and see td of thiq w r b and the Ilefl. f. in addition to
q ~ b r k )Ilort. 7, r r : xrv b u d a k n/-$rr~; and the origin:~l harm. S.i.s.m.1. as butakla:-,
some of them turn the -d- into -1- td. 29; budakla-, and the like. Xak. XI 01 y~ga:$ig
reverse entry do. 33; al-gtcgn b u t a k Bu!.3, 13: butik1a:ds: qa!o'n a,f$ana '1-gacarn 'he cut
xvfird'~i'l-facar b u t a k Kav. 59, 9;grrfn b u l a k branches off the tree'; the more correct form
Ttrh. 26b. 5 ; b u d a k ol-grrg11 (in margin in (cccl'l-nsalt!~) is buti:d~: Kay. I11 336 (buttk-
second hand, cf. butt:-) do, 3oa. 5: O s m . l a x , butlk1a:ma:k).
xrv ff. b u d a k 'branch'; c.i.a.p.; occasionally
b u t a k fr. s v onwards T 7 3 I I 19; II 171; III
D buttklan- liefl. f. of butikIa:-; (of a tree,
river, etc.) 'to form branches'. S.i.s.tl1.l. as
113; IV 127.
.
that verb.. a.v. Xak. xr viEa:c b u t i k l a n d ~ :
'the trce grew branches' (barhatnat); and one
II bod@ (?bodoR) Conc. N. fr. bodu:-;
'dye', son~etirnesmore specltically 'hair dye', says s u v buttklnntlr: rrira'l-nr8' n'diid 'the
or more generally 'a bright colour'. S.i.a.m.l.g. (running) water became separate streams'; the
usually as boyag, boyaw, or boya. Uyg. origin is the word butik j~~srrtr'l-gacaraKaj.
~ I I Iff. Civ. bodtrg 'dye' H II 16, r j : Xak. II 264 ( b u t ~ k l a n u : r ,but1klanma:k; doubly
X I bo(_lug nl-xidrib '(hair) dye' Kay. II 11, 3 vocalizcd everywhere, see but1kla:-): KB
(kus-); 304, 23; larunrr'l-dibcic 'the colour of t u g a r d r n butlklandi (sic in Fergana MS.,
the brocade' I 175, r (00-): n.ni e.: KB sozi others bltlokla~~d~) o t t e g yalin 'the light
k 6 r qhqek t e g tUmen t u bodug 'his words branched out from the sunrise like a fire'
are like flowers with their innumerable colours' 3839; a.0. 5679: XIII(?)Teg, buddelan- 'to
452; 0.0. 1399, 1957 (tutun-), 4885: Gag. form branchus' 109.
xv ff. boyag/boyak rang-i gnbbdfi 'a dyer's
colour' Son. 142v. 14: K o m . xrv 'dye' boyow Dfs. RDG
( ? ) CCC;; boya C C I ; Gr.: Ktp. xrI1 al-rib2 D bediik N.1A.S. fr. becjii:-; 'big, great';
. . .run hnzuo'l-fiiruwa 'dye' . . . that is 'madder' practically syn. w. ulug, q.v. If there is any
bo:ya: Horr. 24, 6; 31, 8: xv (in a list of Dev. difference between the meanings of the two
N.9) boyaw fr. boya- Trrh. 84a. 4: O s m . xv words, it is perhaps that bedllk was originally
boyag 'dye' in one text TTS II 163. 'physicallv big', while u l u g was 'great' in a
wider sense. S.i.a.m.l.~.,in somewith con-
E botuk See botu:, siderable phonetic changes, e.& NE pedlkl
? F batga: flap. leg.; proh. I.-\\,. fr. Syriac pi:k/tniiziik; NC, NW blylk; SW Ar.
pe!qB/pqtqri which is a I.-w. fr. Greek piltakion, hoyiik, Osm. btiyiik; in soTe NE, NC, NW
ortginally 'a board, or writing tablet'. hence langua~es meaning rather high, tall' than
more generally 'a docuinent'. Cf. bhtkegl: 'big, great'. Tiirkii vrrr tokuz o g u z (L'U)
S n k . X I batgn: 'thc 1,ont.J (01-IarnIt) 0 1 1 which ctig yn81: errnlq bcdiIk e r m i q 'the Tokkuz
felt and goat's hair fabric for caps is cut out' Oguz and (PU) Etig were hostile and nume-
Kap. I 424. rous (?, or powerful)' Ongin 6: Uyg. vlrr ff.
Man.-A (then if the divine power becomes
S budgay See bugda:y. food and drink for the man and woman)
kiicliig bediik b o l u r 'they become strong
Dis. V. B D ~ and big'(and have children) M I 16, 3-4: Man.
(trees and shmbs hecome) kii$lirg klip bediik
S builga :- See bagcia:-. Ii'ind. 20: Rud. bedilk b e r g e n k a t ~ k
gagal~n
t o k ~ pe m g e t l p 'striking and torturing them
T r i s . RUC with great whips and tough willow rods' T 7
D b a t ~ a l t kA.N. (Coric. N.) fr. bat@; 'a I Y lo. 7 ; 0.0. of bedlik b e r g e Snv. 5, 23; 7:
lavatory' or the like. Pec. to Uya.; not the 21 : v. I. Coq, Cl~rrasfrmnift,Berlin, 191r, 27. 4;
origitinl form of S W O3tn. b a t u k l ~ k'morass. k n p k a r a ulug bcglik t a g t e g 'like a pitch
bog' which i s an A.N. (Conc. N.) Ir. b a t a k black, great, big mountain' U I V 8, ro; similar
(batgak). Uyg. V I I I ff. Bud. Sanskrit unr- plir. d o . 40, 164-5; 11 I 1 26, 18; bay bedllk
 b a y a f u t e r d i 'he was a rich and great mcr- I?; Oguz xr bitig a/-'zjda 'amulet, charm'
chant USp. 1021). 7-8: Civ. (in a list) b i r h n j . I 384; a.0. I11 164, I (kowuy): Xwar.
bedilk b i r k i ~ i g xrrr biti: 'letter', etc. 'Ali 51: X I V bitig ditto
(so read) lki e$i$ 'two cook-
ing pots, one big, one small' US$. 55, 25: Qritb 34: K o m . xrv bitik 'book, register'
Xak. X I bedtik 'hig' (al-kabir) of anything; C C I , CCG; G I . 61 ( q . ~ .quotns.):
; KIP. xrlr
one says bediik tevey 'a big camel' Knf. 1385 ; al-kitdh bitig Ifou. 23, 7; 50. 19: XIV biti:/
five 0.0. of beduk, one, 1 9 4 , 3 of be:diik (the bitig al-RitBb, 'the (word with) final -g is the
spelling with -d- is deliberate, see bediit-): original form, later it was turned into -1:' i d .
KI3 beduk (sic) is common, both in a cov- 28: xv hatabtu'l-kitdb bbltigni y a z d u m Kav.
crete sense, e . ~ bedUk . 31, 8: kit66 bitlg (wa kebin) Tuh. 3 r a . 3
b i r biyekig 'a b ~ g
knife', and an abstract, e.g. at1 bedilk ' h ~ s (kebin is otherwise unknown, Atalay trans-
reputation is great' 58; 0.0. 152. 278, 420, 672 lates bltig (!) kitap; (b) krfin 'shroud'; (c)
(tlktem), 21 18 (ulugslg): xrrr(?) Trf. buyuk mihir 'dowry, which suggests that he took
(and biidriik) 'I~ig'(e.g. of a tent pole) I 13: kebin to be a corruption of kefin, but there
G a g , xv ff. beylk biiyiifih/Vrl. 134; bbyik does not seem to be any justification for the
(?or biyik) h~clnndwa btrzurg 'tall, big' San. last two translations. Nabdt 'plant' bit@ do.
r s o v 3 (quotns.): Xwar. xrrr(?) beduk, 36a. 5 and bitig Dev. N. fr. bittl do. 84b. 2
bedik, once bCdlk (physically) 'big' is com- is obviously a different word. I h e t e is no
mon in 02.:xrv b e d u k 'big, high'; (of voice) etymological objection to a Dev. N. fr. bit-
'loud' Qictb 29; Nahc. 128, 3: Ko'm. xrv 'high' (but-) meaning 'plant' in KIP. but the word is
beylk CCG; GT. 54 (quotn.); thick, obese' othenvise recordcd only in Vel. where it is an
.-
baxtc C C I ; Gr. also helongs here?: KIP. xv
air- 'high, tall' (yuksek and) b u y u k Kov. 36,
error): 0 8 m . srv b i t i g ; X I V to XVIII biti
usually 'a letter', sometimes more generally
8; ' d i biyfk Tuh. 2 4 b 2; 7 3 b 13. 'written document'; in xrv and xv alro in the
special sense of 'an obituary, the record of a
D F bitiQ Conc. N. fr. biti:-; a general word man's deeds compiled during his lifetime and
for anything written, 'inscription, book, letter, published on his death' TTS 1 109; I1 155;
document', etc. Survives only(?) in SE Tiirki 111105; IV 115.
pitlk Show, piitiik B$ (Jalring putiig) and
NW ICar. I,., T., ICrim bitik; bitilbitik are I1 b6di:g N.Ac. fr. bijdi:-; 'a dance'. 'The
listed in xrx Osm. dicts. as 'Old Turkish'. only certain survival is NC Klr. biy; Kzx. bi,
See Doerfer I1 717. T i i r k u vrrr bitig 'in- but N E Tuv. devig 'dance' Pal. 138 is per-
scription', and b i t i g tav 'memorial stone' haps a metathesized form. Xak. xr b o d i g
occur several times in I and I I , Ix. 28 and a/-zaftt tca'l-raps 'a dance' Kaj. I 4 1 2 (the -d-
Ongin: vrrrtr. b u ~ r kb1ti:g 'this book of i s deliberate, see b6di:-); a.o. b6di:g (sic)
omens' IrkB, Postscript; Ttln. III a. 2-4 a l - r a q ~111259, 19.
(tamga:ltg): Uyg. v1r1 bitig 'inscription' D btitgu: Uev. N. fr. b u t - ; n.0.a.b. I n X a k
several occurrences in $ti.: vrrr ff. Man. n o m obviously an euphemism. Uyk. vilr ff. Civ.
bitig 'a (Manichaean) scripture' M 1 2 5 , 10: (a particular kind of vessel) t a t ~ g i a butgiike
r
Bud. n o m bitig 'a (Buddhist) scripture' T7' tayagt t e t i r 'it is called a support for the
I V 14, 68; this phr. and bitig, same meaning, preparation of (or the man who prepares?)
are common in TT VZ and VII: Civ. bitlg delicacies' TT I 191-2: Xak. xr biitgii: al-
is the standard term for 'document, contract' -&?'if'excrement'; this word is used only for
in US&; k i s i m (PU) Qllagka bitig k o d t l m addressing children in a special meaning
'I have made (this) will in favour of my (xdsfafa(n)); one says butgii: ba:rmu: a hi-ha
wife S~laq(?)'78, 4: Xak. xr bitig a/-kitdb &'it am ILi 'do you want to defecate or not?'
'anything written (book, letter, etc.)': bitig Kaj. 1430.
alkitdha 'handwriting'; also a Dev. N. (al-
-ma$dar); hence one says a n l o bitigi: belgu:- Dis. V. BDG-
1Ug kit6hatt1hu g6hira 'his handwriting is D butgiir- Caus. f. of but-. N.0.a.b.; the
clear' Kag. I 384; and about 40 0.0.: biti: normal Caus. f. of b u t - is biitiir-, q.v. Uyg.
al-kit& ntina'l-kriftrbi'l-~t~~inzaln mina'l-same' VIII ff. Civ. b u yilda [kallgan u r u b n ~
'a revealed scripture' III 217 (not a Xak. form, biitgerdimiz 'this year we have paid the
possibly dialect): K B (a wise man) 6zi b a r d s outstanding taxes (I.-w. Ar. rub' 'a quarter')'
kodtt bizige b i t i g 'has gone himself, but has USp. 22, 53-5 (as corrected in Arat, Uygurca
left his will for us' 755; (the good vezir must Yaztlar Aranndo, Istanbul, 1957); kiiz
understand) bu torliig bitig 'documents of y a y d a yeti tag kebez biitgiiriirmen 'I will
this kind' 2218; 0.0. 258, 4048 ( a g l : ~ ~ : ) : deliver seven tag (see 6 tag) of cotton seed on
xrrl(?) Tef. bitig translates 01-hi!cjb in the the first day of autufnn' do. 70, 6: Gag. xv ff.
particular sense of 'holy book, scripture' 104: butker-(-ii, etc.; with -k-') bitur-, tamdm
Gag. xv ff. bitlk ('with -k') makttih 'letter', of- 'to complete'; &t-, satr et- . . . parda
etc. Vel. 135 (quotns. adding 'also a plant ptifluk ?na'ndsrnn 'to cover, conceal', in the
growin out of the ground'; Son. 1 5 0 ~7. (s.v. aense of covering with a curtain Vel. 145
(k -
biylk edllk)) points out that this is an error (quotns.); butker- ( I ) rziydnidan 'to cause to
arising fr. a n~isrendir~g of biyik); bitik (spelt) grow'; (2) iltiydm dridatr 'to treat, cure'; (3)
rnnktrib wa ntiruiifa 'letter, something written' siixtan u7a anclim kordan ' t o make, finish';
(quotn.), adding that the word in this sense is (4) ba-'nmnl dwordan 'to produce'; (5) pard-
included ns Pe. in two Pe. dicts. Son. 1 4 3 ~ . riirlon 'to conceal' Sun. 129r. 1 2 (quotns.);
 D I S . V.
bitkiir- C:~us. f.; the first four meanings, pitkiiqi Slrrtru; piitkiiql 0.I;. Uyg. vrr~(\ve
similarly phrased; duplicate (rrrrrrddq) of asscr~il>lcdat the 'l'ayQan lake) bitiigii:qi:
biitker- do. 143r y (quotn.): Xwar. xtv (sir, quite clcarly) e r anta: lt[tlrn] 'I sent a
bltgur- 'to fulfil (a request)' Qtcfh 34. secretary froin there' Srr. S 3 : V I I I ff. b i t l g i i ~ i
occurs as a v.1. for bbtkeqi in some MSS. T T
T r i s . BDG VI 264: Gag. xv f f bitkilcl/bitlkiiqi ('with
111; b1ti:gii: Conc. N. 'fr. bit[:-; survives
-k-') yozrct 'scrihe' Ire[. 1 3 5
only(?) in SE 'I'urki p u t k u 'document, I) bediikliik 11.N. fr. bediik; 'greatness,
nominal roll' B$ 132. Xak. nr biti:gii: al- bigness'. Survives in the same languages and
-dnrt,(itrr'l-trrrkiyn ruo %ayrulrd 'thc Turkish with the same phonetic chances as bediik
ink-pot and the like' Iiaj. I11 174. rsccpt in NI;. Xnk. X I K l l ulugluk s a g a ol
bediikliik s a g a 'niigl~tand greatness belong
I'U?I; biitu:ge: this seems to be the only to Thee (oh C;od!)' 7 ; 0.0. 154,941.etc.: xrr~(?)
'I'urkish word for 'egg-plant' which is not TeJ. biiyiikuk 'the height (or size?, of a wall)'
certainly a I.-w. All modern 'l'urkish Inn- 113: K o m . x ~ v' h e i ~ h t 'beyiklik C C I ; Cr.
gungcs use some form of the Pe. word, some-
times in its form as a I.-w. in I<ussian baklazhan, D bitiglig P.N./A. fr. bitig; survives only(?)
except SE 'l'iirki which has qeyze a corrup- in SW Turki pittgilk (tur-) '(to be) written'
tion of Chinese chia-tzic. 'I'his suggests that Jarring. Xak. xr (after bitlglik) and with
this word, too, is a I.-w., proh. Imnian. The final - g pilribrrlrtr 'the owner (of writing
use of hlita in the translatton in San. suggests material)' KO$.1 5 0 8 ; bltigiig e r 'a man who
that the author held this view. The I<ip. owns a written document (rvrl'n)' do. ~ I I19:,
meaning, which prob. represents a different xrrl(?) Trf. bitlglig (I) 'written' (in a book);
word, survives in NW Kaz. biitekelbiltege (2) (of the hezcl of n ring) 'inscribed' 104:
'bird's gizzard' R I V 18y8. Xak. nr butii:ge: F a g . YV ff. bitiklik ('with -k- -k') ynztlmrg
01-biidi~tcdrr 'egg-plant' Kaf. I 447: Gag. written (nlntter)' VeI. I 36; bitiklik makirib
xv ff. biitege (spelt) 'the name of a kind of run n~rtcijta gltdn 'written' (quotn.); 'in this
plant (giycjl~) which grows in clntiips (btita passage bltiklik is the equivalent (inrtrlidif)
hritn) in the plains' Son. 13ov. 6 : KIP. nv of bitilgen and bitilmig' Sart. 8r. 28.
qdrrisn 'a hird's gizzard' biitege Ttth. zya. 9.
Dl? bitlglik Hap. leg.; A.N. (Conc. N.) fr.
DF b i t i g ~ i : etc. Preliminary note. Tltree bitig. Xak. XI bitiglik ne:g pay' yrt'add
cords all trreaning 'scribe, secretary', and the li-ytrktab 'alayhi 'something prepared to be
hke, bitlgql:, bbtke:qi:, and bitigii:ql: nlrrst written on' (i.e. writing paper, etc.) K q . 1508.
be corefrrl~distingrrisl~ed,since etyrnologicnlly D blitgiisiiz I'riv. N./A. fr. biitgii:; n.o.a.b.
ilrey are qrrite distinct. Orrly tlre last still UyR. vrrr ff. Bud. (if you want a simile; if men
srrrz~ives. want eold ore. and search evervwhere and
find it, they break it into small pieces-small
I > F b i t i g ~ i :N.Xg. fr. bitig; 'scrihe, secre- gap) biitgiisiiz k a v t ~ g u s u zk111p (and then
tarv'. N.0.a.b. Xak. XI KB a$,l$l bltigqi yii at the appropriate moment smelt it) Srrv. 71,
i$ tutguql 'treasurer, secretary, or controller' 12-16; the meaning must bc something like
2494: xr~r(?)Tef. bitig$i 'scribe' 105: XIV. 'making it coinplctcly anlorphous'.
Mrrh. kiitib 'scribe' bitigci: Mel. 58, 9 ; Rif.
187: Gag. xv ff. bitikqi 7rtrccisanda 'a writer'
San. 7r. 17: Xwar. XIV bitigqi 'scribe' 'Tris. V. BDG-
Qrrtb 34: KIP. x ~ r r01-kritib bitigqi: ( ? ; MS D bediikle:- Den. V. fr. b e d u k ; 'to be, or
-c-) Ilorr. 23, 7; bitikqi: (with - 6 - ) do. 50, 19: hecorne, big; to consider to be big', etc.
O s m . srv bitikqi 'scribe' in one text T T S Survives in rnuch the siirne languages and with
111 106. the same phonetic changes as bediikliik.
Xak. X I 01 meni: bediik1e:di: 'adcfani kobir
IIF bbtke:qi: it seems to be crrtain that 'he thought that I was big' Kay. 111 340
this has no connection with biti:- hut is a N. (bedukle:r, bediik1e:me:k; the -d- is
Ag. fr. a Syrinc 1.-w., see baten:, which was deliberate, see bcdut-): X W R ~Y. ~ I I ( ?(forty
)
no doubt a Manichaen11 introduction. TiirkU days after f ~ ewas born) bedilkledi yiiridl
v~rrff. yag1:lma:z belke:qi: 'a scribe who oynadl 'he grew lI,g, walked, and played'
makes 110 mistakes' T~rrt.IIIa. 10 (ETY II 02. 12.
0 5 ) ; n.0. rlo. b. 2-3; b6:tgeqi: Trrn. IV 10-?I
(is1:z): Man. betigeqi oklan 'an apprent~ce D bediiklentiir- Caus. f. of the Retl. f. of
scrihe' ' h III 14, 6-7 (iv): UyR. vrrr ff. Man.- beduk1e:-; t1.o.a.h. Uyg. vItr ff. I3ud. (it
A A1 1 28, 19 (agduk); 0.0. do. 1 2 1 , title; is called the moon (month) which shines) 1
I1143, 1 3 : ilud. bbtkeql koriimql, scribes and ~ g a q ~ kga m s n t ~ g l l beduklenturiigli 'in
soothsayers' T T VIz64(and see note thereon); order to shake the busl~esnnd trees and makc
o.o. USp. rozb. 28, and as a title in a list of the111gn)w' IVirzd. 16-17.
I'.N.s Pfnl~l. 12, 19-20; Civ. (in a similar list)
betkeqi (IJCT) Kotsu USp. 74, 19. Dis. BDL
DF bitigiiqi: N.Ag. fr. biti:gii:; 'scribe. V U butlu: 'a rarnel's nose peg': pec. to Kaf.
secretnry'. Survives only(?) in SE l'iirki Xak. nl butlu: s t r f r i r arrfi'l-btz'ir 'a camel's
 DIS. BDM
nose prg' KO?. I 430: O ~ U Z ( ?Kaj. ) 11 16, VUI) 2 bodul- I'sss. f. of 2 bodu:-; 'to be
27 ( l a k - ; the word is here translated 01-warj, fastened, or attached to (something Dot.)',
which has no appropriate meaning and is per- usually metaph. Pec. to Uyg. Uyg. v~rrff.
haps a scribal error for 01-xayq). Man. T'I' 111 52 (il-): Bud. meglsine
bodulmlg kigi m e n 'I am a man attached
1) bo:dlug P.N./A. fr. 1 bo:d; usually with to the pleasures (of this world)' Ifien-tr. zgo-I ;
preced~ng Adj. 'having a (tall, short, etc.) s a n s a r k a y e m e ilinmez nlrvanka y e m e
stature'; if by itself, 'tall'. S.i.m.m.l.g. usually bodulmaz 'he is neither involved in samsdra
as boyl~/boylu:. T u r k i i vllr altu:n bod1u:g nor attached to nirudna' Suv. 373, 14-15; 0.0.
(mis-spclt bodllf) bugra:llk yara:Eay 'the do. 102, 19-20; Ifiien-ts. 2121, etc.
golden-hudicd camel stud will flourish' IrkB
5: Xak. x i Ill 121, ro(bo:d); 138, 1 9 ( l s ~ : n ) ; ?
D batla:- IIap. leg.; Den. V. fr. b a t ; the
156, 23 (ta:l); n.1n.c.: XIII(?) Tef. boy modern NW, S W verb patla- to burst,
'stature' 106: Gag. s v ff. boylug/boyluk the crack', ctc. is a Den. V. fr. 1 bat, but does not
Sufix -1191-Ilk/-ligl-lik is n Adjectival and
Possessive Suff, as in the per. s a r w boylug
sarru qdrnaf 'with a figure like a poplar' Son.
seem to he an ancient word. Xak. XI 01
b6:zni: bat1a:dl: _facnra'l-kirhrishi'l-~acir 'he
dressed the linen with the thick juice of pressed
1 4 2 ~ 23
. (qi~otn.):Xwar. xrv u z u n bodlug dates' Kog. III 291 ( b a t l a x , batla:ma:k).
'tall' Qlrtb 35; Nahc. 102, 6 ; o r t a bodlug 'of
medium height' do. 22, I 5 : Klp. xv al-raculu'l- D bit1e:- Den. V. fr. bit; 'to delouse'.
-tnrrrfadilu'l-yatnn 'a man of medium height' S.i.s.m.l. w. minor phonetic changes. Xak.
o r t a bo:l~:(sic) Kav. gy, 17. xr e r bit b i t l e d : talaha'l-ractrlu'l-qaml 'the
man hunted fnr lice' Kay. III 291 (bitle:r.
D b u t l u g P.N./A. fr. 1 bu:t; 'having legs, bit1e:me:k): x ~ vMrrh.(?) faid ra'sahu 'he
thighs', etc. N.0.a.b. T u r k u vrlr ff. Man. (if deloused his head' Rif. 113 (only, spelt
we have injured two-legged human beings or) biti:le:-): Kip. s r l r fall6 nrin fafliyati'l-yam1
tiirt b u t l u g t t n l ~ g k a 'four-footed animals' bitle:- Ifou. 42, 19: xrv bitle- fold Id. 28:
Chiras. 81; a.o. A4 I11 38, 12 (ii): Uyg. V I I I ff. ditto Tirh. 28b. 2.
Rlan. T T I X 85 ( 2 apu): Hud. k a m a g ik!
b u t l u g yalaguklar a11 two-legged men D butla:- Hap. leg.(?); Den. V. fr. 1 bu:t.
USp. 102, 25-6: Xak. xr Kng. I 126, q Xak. xr ~t e r i g butla:d~:'the dog bit ('adda)
(adrt:). the man's leg (sdq)'; also used when one man
hits another on the leg Kaj. IIZ 291 (butlax,
Dis. V. BDL- but1a:ma:k).
D b a t ~ l -IIap. leg.; Pass. f. of b a t - ; irregular
since bat- is Intrans. b y e . vlrr ff. Man. T r i s . V. BDL-
toz t o p r a k k a batlllp 'be~ng submerged D botu:la:- (?boto:la:-) Hap. leg.; Den. V.
ill the dust (Hcnd.)' 'I'T III 27. fr. botu:; 'to give birth to a foal'. Ttirku
vrrr ff. iirii:g ingeni: botu:la:rni:$ 'his white
DF bitil- Pass. f. of biti:-; 'to be written'. she-camel had given birth to a foal' Irk13 5 .
Survives only(?) in SE Turki piitul- U S .
Uyg. vllr ff. Man.-A b i t l l m i ~bold1 'it was
written' 1l.i 1 2 5 , 4 and 7: Civ. bitildi USp. Dls. BDM
118, 2: X a k . XI bltig bltildl: hrrfiba'l-kifd D b a t r m Hap. leg.; N.S.A. fr. bat-. T u r k u
'the book (etc.) was written' Kay. 11 119 VIII sugu:g b a t l r n ~ :k a r i g s6kupen 'forcing
(bitilii:r, biti1me:k); bu: e r sii:ke: biti1ge:n our way through snow as deep as (the length
'this man's name is constantly being written of) a lance' I E 35; I1E 26-7.
(yukfab) in the army (register)' I 521 ; 0.0. II
13'). 10; 160, 13: XIII(?)At. t a r e r s e keg e r s e PUF bitmD1 one of several words for 'long
bltildi riizug 'your fortune (Pe. r~izi)whether pepper' going back ultimately to Sanskrit
it is straitened or conlfortable has bcen written pippala, which survived almost unchanged in
(in the book of fate)' 315; Trf. bitil- 'to be bibli: (?pipli:). q.v. There is an intermediate
written down' 10s: Gag. xv ff. bitil- (-di) form P U pitpiti in Uyg. V I I I ff. Civ. Ii 1 7 ,
yazrl- Vel. 136 (adding 'also in the same scnse 15, 35, 150, which is probably taken fr. some
as bit-, of grass "to grow out out the ground", Iranian fonn of the word lying behind PC.
ctc. (quotn.)'; in Son. 348r. 24 (s.v. ybtil-) it piZpil (Ar. filfil). There is another interme-
is pointed out that this is an error arising fr. diate form PU bltbiil (?pitpul). N.0.a.b.;
n rnisrcading of yktil-); bltil- ntrcci~fnfrrdnn cf. m u r q . Uyg. vrlr ff. Civ. (PU) bitbiil TT
'to be written' 143'. 18 (quotn.): Xwar. xrrr V I I 22, 8 ; (PU) bitrnul H I 1 28, 126: Xak.
( ? ) bitilmig e r d t k i m 'it was written that' xr (PU) bitmiil al-dar firlfril 'long pepper'
02. 105-6: xrv ditto Qlttb 34; hI1V 78. Ka$. I 4 8 1 (bd unvocalized).
!I 1 bodul-(?bodol-) Pass. f. of 1 bodu:-; D batma:n Dev. N. fr. b a t - ; etymologically
to be dyed, stained', etc. S.i.s.m.l., usually as 'something \vhich sinks' (i.e. in the scales):
boyal-. Xak. xr K B (when a fightingman sees actually a unit of weight. In the early period
the enemy, his face flushes) karlgsa bodulur it was used both for liquids and solids, and
k t z ~ lh a m ya@z 'whcn he enters the battle judging by the contexts in xvhich it is used
he is stained red (with blond) and brown (with cannot have been very large, perhaps about z
dust)'. 2384. pounds avnirdupois. S.i.m.m.l.K. with a very
 D I S . DDM
wide ranee of values; c.p. in SIJ 'I'iirki Show TT V I 302; k e n t tegrekl bodunug boku-
puts it at anything betwcen 320 and 1280 Ib.. n u g 'the pcople (jingling Hend.) in the
BS 57.3 kilos (about 113 II).) arldJarring 573-44 neighbourhood of the town' 1'7' X' 51-2;
kilos (about 1,130 Ih.); in S C Uzh. Borovkov a.o.0.: Civ. 61 bodun in USp. 14, 6; 17, z after
says that it varies from 72 to 396 Ib.; while in lists of names (some the same) seems to mean
S\\' Osni., Iledhouse says, it varies fr. 5&to 22 'people (resident in this district)'; a.o.0. of
11,. Uyg. vrrr ff. Civ. y e g i r m i b a t m a n edgii h o d u n in the sense of '(inrlivid~ral pcople)':
bor 'twenty hatmanr of good winc' U S p . 71, 0. Klr. rx ff. altt: b n g bodun 'the per~pleof
4; on bCs b a t m a n m e n 'fifteen burntans of the Six Clans' Mal. I , 2; 5 , 2; a.0.o. of bodun
Hour' do. 76, 8; 0.0. <lo.gr (flour, rneat, horse- 'pcople': Xok. (Gigil) xr bodun nl-m'iyn rm
hair); I1 I 1 9 (tncarlitlg obscure): Xak. XI '(rrc;trrrt'l-nrir 'the peasantry and comnloli
batma:n a/-rrtotrd 'a unit of n-eiplit (hcre prob. people' in Vigil Kng. I 398; about 30 0.0. i l l
2 lb.)'; hence one sa)-s b t r b a t m a : n e t 'a ordinary Xak. quntns., alrnost half with -d-
bntnian of meat' Kay. I 444: X I V M~rh.(?)al- for -cj-; the commonest spellings are bo:dun
- t r t < ~ ~ r rditto
t ba:trna:n Ni/. 187 (n7ly): Gag. and boc)u:ti and the translations 01-qnrctn
sv ff. b a t m a n roo=it-i nttr'a~t\~nria unit of 'tribe', al-nris 'people', and occasionnlly
weight' in Pe. manrr (between 40 and 84 Ib.) nl-nqwcit~t'tribes' arid 01-qabila 'tribe': boyun
Sort. 119v. 7: X w a r . xlv b a t m a n (three of al-qarvm in the langi~ngeof those who make
barley) Nahc. 28, I I ; (half of red gold) do. 97, - d - -y- KO$.III 169: KLI bodun is very com-
7: Ktp. X I I I al-m!l 'a unit of weight' (?ahout a mon, it sometimes means 'the people' as a
Ib.) batma:n HOII.g j , 15: xrv b a t m a n ditto community but more often 'people' as in-
fgl. 33; Brl. y, 12: s v ditto Koel. zz,4;39, 11; dividuals, c.g. (the Prophet) bodunda talus]
Tuh. r7a. I. kigide kecji 'most excellent of people and best
of men' 34; bodun tili 'people's tongues' 194;
Dis. BDN bayudt bodun 'the pcople (the community)
D bodun l'lur. or Collective f.(?) of 1 b o d , hecame rich' 291: x r ~ r ( ? At.
) b o d u n talus1
cf. e r e n ; lit. 'clans', in practice a senii- 257; b l r anqa bodun 'a few people' 123; 421
technical tcrrn for 'an organized tribal (ur-); Tef. bodun is common translating
community, a people', in the sense of a cotn- 01-qawm, al-ah1 'the people', a/-a!taiib 'groups
munity ruled by a particular ruler; hence, esp. of nien', ctc. 109 bozun ditto (once?) I 10.
in such phr. as knrn: bodun, 'the common
people' in antithesis to the supreme ruler, and E b u d u n (Tef.) See yodun.
the subordinate tribal or clan rulers, the beg?. D biitun Illtrans. N.1A.S. fr. b u t - ; usually
Very common in the early period but n.0.a.h. 'conlplete, entire'. S.i.a.m.1.g.; unlike but-
hill. rncntions a fomi boyun as current in hardly ever with -1- for -ii- but with some
lansuages in which -d- had hccotne -y-,but other phonetic changes (b-/p-; -d-1-t-). See
there is no record of the word in this sense, Dorrfer 11 719. Uyg. vrrl ff. Man.-A (may all
although it is common ~neaning'neck'. T u r k i i our bodies) biitunun k a t a g ~ nt u r z u n 'stand
vlrr bodun is perhaps the commonest word complctc and strong' M 1 2 8 , 26: Bud. biitiin
in the inscriptions; it occurs ( I ) by itself; (2) ybrtinqu 'the whole earth' TT X 25 I ; btitun
in the exl,ression used by a ruler b o d u n l m etvzi 'his whole body' do. 293; Srro. 4, zo;
'my people'; (3) preceded by an ethnic name, a.o.0.: Civ. tukel biitiin (spelt p-) 'perfect and
which may be either Turkish or foreign, e.g. complete' TT VIII L.80.; a:y te:gri biitun
T u r k i i bodun 'the Turku people'; Tavgaq (pctiin) 'thc moon is full' do. 30; (big affairs
bogun 'the Chinese people' (practically are not cheerful and) kiqig ig kudiikler
equivalent to 'the Chinese Empire') I S 4, 5 biitun e r m e z 'small tasks are not carried
etc.; S o g d a k bodun 'the Sogdian people' I E out'(?) T T I 73; biitun b & r d \ 'he has
39; (2) and (3) both occur in toku:z O ~ U Z delivered the full (amount of cotton cloth)'
bodun kentu: b o p u n ~ merti: 'the Tokkuz USp. 34, 17: Xak. X I qln biitun kigl: 01-
Oguz peoplc were my own (sul>ject) people' -ominrc'l-tmfi!r 'a reliable and sincere person':
I N 4. 'I'hc later tileaning occurs in kara: b u t u n 01-qa!~i!r 'genuine, coniplete', of any-
b0du11 'the common people' 11 E 41 and thing; one says biitiin y a r m w k dirkam ?a!tilt
T u r k u kara: k a m n g bodun 'all the Tiirkii 'a genuine (or undamaged ?) silver coin' Kay. I
398; s.0. I 224, 6 (ii:mliig): KB buttin is !
comnlon people' I E 8-9, I 1 I? 8, and is e\-en
clearer in I E 6, 11E 6 (uqun): vrll ff. Man. common; biitiin bol m u g a r 'be assured of
t u r k bodun T T 116, l o ; u l u g kicig k a m a g this' 19, a.0. 26 (amrul-)-bolur otrii igler
bodun 'all the people grcat and small' do. 8, b u t u n 33-~1n butiin e r 868-0.0. 407.
65; begke k a r a bogunka do. 8, 69: Yen. 763, 865, 1980, etc.: xrrl(?) At. biitun qln 57;
kara: bodun Mal. 32, 6; a.o.0.: Uya. vrlr biitiin ktlkl 'his whole character' 341; 7bf.
bodun in all usages is con,mon in Srr., e.g. butiin 'complete', etc. I 1 3 : XIV Aflth. al-fa!rilr
kentu: b o d u n ~ mE 2; t u r k u bocjun N 8 and bu:ttin/biitu:n Me/. 5 5 , I ; 83, 17; Rij. 152;
kara: dgil bodunli: 'the common, ordinary 189: Gag. xv ff, bntiin durust 'complete, per-
people' E 2: V I I I ff. Butl. u l u ~bodun 'the fect', etc. Sun. 13ov. 6 (quotns.): K o m . xrv
people of the cot~ntry'PI' 3, 6; 30. 8: 62, 3; 'whole, con~plcte'biitun CCI, CCG; Gr. 71
(my father the Xan) begun t1111~ak o r k u p (quotns.): Ktp. st11 a/-fnhi!i ntinn'l-6fa rua
'fearing what the peoplc would say' do. 11, am!~ililtd 'conlpletc (free) from defects and the
1-2; k n m n g k a r a bopun T7' X 170; ydtl like' (opposite to 'defective', stnuk) bUtiin
tiirnen yeti m i 9 bogu1113r '77,000 people' Hntr. 27, r : S I V hitiin (?n~isvncalized) 01-krimil
 F b a d r a m 'merriment' anti thc like, hence drive away dark n i ~ hat t the gate and) k a p u g d a
'a feast'. No doubt an Iranian I.-w., cf. Pe. b a t u r s a y a r u m i g kilniig 'must let the hright
badrdm 'a delightsome place' (Steingasr). sun sink at the gate' 25x0: K o m . xlv 'to con-
S.i.a.rn.l.g. except NE as b a y r a m (in NC ceal' batir- C C G ; Gr.: T k m . xlv b a f u r -
Klr. r n a y r a m ; Kzx. m b y r a m ) as the (ca!~ada; no doubt an error for) ca!~ara 'to
Turkish equivalent of Arabic al-'id 'a (Mos- burrow, drive into a burrow', and the like
lem) feast'. See Dorrfer I 1 8 2 3 Xak. xr Id. 33.
badrarn al-surer wa'l-dahika bayna'l-qawm
'general merriment and laughter', and the I) 2 ba:tur- flap. leg.; only quoted in 3 gratn-
ground (01-ard) when it is covered with flowers matical section as an example of n 1)is. V. der.
and hlossonis, is called h a d r u m y8:r ard fr. a Mon. V.; Caus. f. of ba:- Xnk. X I 01
nozikn 'pleasant ground'; I do not know what ko:yug bn:turd~: orho/a'l-fiatrom 'Iic lind the
its origin (nslz~hu)is because I have heard it sheep tied up' Kaj. III 192, 11.
from the lips of Persians (01-furs), but the I) blitiir- Ceus. f. of b a t - ; with the same wide
Oiriz call 'the (hloslem) feast day' (yorcmn'l- range of meaninps. S.i.a.tn.1.g. with the same
-'id) b n y r a m that is 'a day of pleasant merri- phonetic variations as but-. Cf. biitgilr-.
rnent'; the -d- being changed to -y- as is Uyg. VIII ff. Man. q a x g a p a t ~ g biitiirti
their custom; it is a genuine word (lu$a (spelt p-) 'they carried out the commandment'
mahdn, i.e. pure Turkish?) in this sense TT I11 138-9, 142; n.0. do. !44: Bud. blltiir-
Kaj. I 484; a.o. 1 263, 11 (avln-): XIII(?) 'to perform, carry out' IS common, e.g.
Tef. b a y r a m 'religious feast' 89: Gag. xv ff. (whatever your command is) 01 y a r l r g ~ g l n
b a y r a m a!-'id Snn. 128r. 7 (quotn.; also butiirgeli a n u k t u r u r b i z 'we stand ready
'a kind of cotton fabric like 'Iriqi linen but to carry out that cumniand' U I V rz, 104; 0.0.
finer' (quotn.); there is no other trace of this T T V 20, 8 (alp); 22,13 end 20; 24, 51; VII
meaning): O g u z X I b a y r a m al-'id; I reckon 40,9r and 97; VZIIA.z(iize:); U I 34, 18; 111
that it is an alteration of the popular .word 44, 4 (ii); Hiicn-is. 31 I ( u k ~ t i r i i g ) ;Suv. 71,
(qarvlu'l-nzs) b a d r a r n meaning 'merriment 20; 235, 1-12 ( 1 i n ) ; 529, 22; 602, 1 2 : Civ.
and enjoyment'; the (Moslem) feast day is butiiriip beriirbiz 'we will pay in full'
a day of merriment. The pagans do not have USp. 12, 10: Xak. XI o t ba:$tg biitiirdi: 'the
a feast day or consequently a word for it; if medicament healed (damnla) the wound'; end
there was one, all the Turks would know it, one says <ol> an19 iize: a l i m ~ nbiitiirdi: 'he
but the only ones who know this (word in this enforced (abarra) his contract and rejected
sense) are those who have turned -d- into -y- (barhano) his plea and insisted (alzama) on
in their language Kap. 111 176: Xwar. XIV (being paid) his debt in accordance with the
b a y r a m 'the (Moslem) feast' MN 20, etc. contract'; also used of things other'than debts
1) batrua Ilap. leg.?; presumably a Dev. Kay. I1 72 (blitiiriir, bUtiirme:k): K B (a
N./A. fr. 1 bntur-, hut there is no obvious man must have knowledge) ked blltlirse 1319
semantic connection. Xak. X I b a t r u ~SU:V 'if he is to carry out his work properly' 327;
al-md'11'2-kadir 'muddy water'; and also (I was bare-faced, God) btitiirdl s a k a l 'mnde
macaroni (a!-itriya) when it contains too much my beard grow' 1098; (give them food and
flour and too little water Ka?. I 4 5 9 . drink and) btitiir o p r a k l g 'give them proper
clothing'4527 (andsee butiiru:): XIII(?)At. ya-
r a g bulsag o p r a k yallgnl bijtiir 'if you find
Dis. V. BDR- suitable clothing, clothe the naked' 330; Tpf.
D 1 b a t u r - Caus. f. of b a t - ; lit. 'to cause bitiir- 'to make (plant) grow' 105: X w a r . xlv
bitiir- 'to carry out, perform' Qtrtb 34: E o m .
to sink', with various extended meanings. xlv 'to complete, carry out' bitir- C C G ; Gr. :
S.i.a.m.l.g. except NE(?). Uyg. VIII ff. Bud. KIP. x r ~ rqadd'l-hdca 'to perform n necessary
e r d e m l n b n t u r u p 'concealing their special task' (VU) biitu:r- I3o1i. 35, 12; batta mht
virtues' 7'T T7I 352; (the six male pipes of the botti'l-nmr run'!-JIG/ 'to settle a matter, per-
Pan's pipes) b n t u r u u m a z iilgusin 'cannot form a task' bjitiir- (sic) do. 38, I I : XIV bltiif -
lower their pitch(?)' Hiien-ts. 133-4; (if the (sic) cabnra to repair, put right' Id. 28;
hlaster did not deign to return, should we qadc'l-ytrgl butUr- Bztl. 75v.: Osrn. XIV and
mortals not a11 be) s a n s a r l ~ gu z u n tiinde xv bitiir- 'to produce; to perform; to satisfy
y o m u r r n q b a t a r r n q (sic?) 'submerged and
sunk in the long night of samsfira?' do. 301-4 (a need); to heal (a wound)' in several texts
(batur- lit. 'to allow oneself tosink'); a.o. Suv. TTSI 1x1; I1 157; I V 117.
138, I (ort-): Xak. xr ol so:zi:nmendi:n b a - D batrug- Hap. leg.; Recip. f. of batur-.
turd^: katanza minnisirrnhrr uvukal6mahtc'he hid Xak. XI ola:r ikki: bi:r bl:rig suvka:
his secret and his statement from me'; and one batrugdl: 'the two of them ducked (maqala)
says 01 ant: suvka: baturdl: 'he ducked him one another in the water' KO$.11 203 (bat-
(nmqnlahu) in the water'; also used of anything rugu:r, b a t r u ~ m a : k ) .
that one puts into something liquid or soft,
for example candied sugar (a!-fcnid) into fruit D biitriiq- Recip. f. of butiir-; n.0.a.b.
juice Kay. II 73 ( b a t u r u r , baturma:k); b u Xnk. X I o1a:r ikki: biilriigdi: 'the two of
kigi 01 s6:z baturga:n 'this man habitually them negotiated and argued about their
concesls (kitmdn) his statements' I 515, 19: tilutual clsims' (tn!rdkanzd rua tabarltat~d
KB (the gate keeper must watch the first light md'cida'ayci) KO$.I1 203 (bUtrUgil:r, biltrilg-
 me:k): O s m . xrv bitrlp- 'to settle one's quickly tearing to pieces (tearing, cutting, and
accounts'(with someone, ile) in one text T T S tearing to strips his clothes)' M I 7, I 5 : Uyg.
Ill!. VIII ff. Man. (like a calf, which when reborn
as a lion) [gap] t i t r e t i r b u t a r l a y u r 'terrrfies
T r i s . BDR and tears to pleces (oxen)' M I 18, 4 (ii): Bud.
1) biiturli: Ger. fr. bilttir- used as i n Adv.; tilki b a r i d e ulatr yavrz ttnliglar b u t a r l a y u
'completely', etc. N.o.a:b.; cf. btite:. Uyg. t a r t l p 'evil creatures, foxes, wolves, etc., tear
vrrl ff. 'Dud, etaztim kBgtiliirn bhtiirii to pieces and drag' U I11 79, 1-3 (i).
8 g i r i p sevinip 'my hody and mind were
completely delighted (Fiend.)' Hiien-tr. 296-7: Dls. B D S
Xak. X I K B biitrii 'thoror~phly,completely'
is fairly common, e.g. (the sun raised its head, U b a t s ~ kI>ev. N. fr. b a t - ; used only with
and disclosed its face again) a J u n biitrii tuttr preceding 1 ktin for '(sun)set'. N.0.a.b. T h e
urilg kup 601 'the world comp etcly assumed final - k became -8 in Xak., and there is some
the colour of a white bird' S R A ; 0.0. 71, 193, evidence that this sound change of -sik was
3949, 4420, 4961 ; there is also a Comparative fairly common (see Brockelmann, para. log).
f. ayittl b u h s c l b sdzin yetriirek tlleki n e T u r k u vrrr kur1:garu: ktin bats1kl:ga:
e r m l g t a k i blltriirek 'the Chancellor ques- 'westward3 towards the sunset' I S 2, II N 2;
kurya: batslkdaki: S o g d 'Sogdiana in the
tioned him about his statement most search-
ingly (asking) more fully what his wishes were' (my west' (and other countries) I N 12: Uyg. IX
fame reached) k u n tugsuk(k)a: bat-
507. s ~ k ( k ) a :Suci 4: v r t ~ff. Man.-A kiin b a t -
P U D b u t u r g a : k Dev. N. in -ga:k(connoting s i k q a r u M I11 9, 3 (ii); ktin batsikdln do.
habitual action); there is no verb b u t u r - and 4 (ii): Chr. Sgtiin k u n t u g s u k k6din kiin
this would be much more easily explained batsfklga tegi M 111 48, I (v): Xak. XI
as tuturga:k der. fr. t u t u r - but R I V 1857 ku:n batstg al-garb 'west' Ka$. 1463.
records a N C Tara word b u t u r g a k 'a tree
which has split and is bound round to save it D bodsuz Hap. leg. ?; Priv. N./A. fr. 1 bo:d.
from collapse', so the form may be correct Uyg. vIrr ff. Bud. (thq evil beings) bodsuz
although Radloff's Tara entries arc rather sus- koligesiz b a r r r l a r walk about without
pect. Xak. xr b u t u r g a : k 'a thorn tree (jawk) tangible form and casting no shadow' TT
shaped likc a pistachio trcc (01-Jrrstrtq), which VI 99.
has thorns (nra'riliq) whicl> catch the clothing, Dis. V. BDS-
etc. KO?. 1502.
I> biitse:- Ilap. leg.; Ilesid. f. of but-. Xak.
(PU)D budurs1:n 'quail, Coturnyx'; as such X I ba:g butse:di: qarrtba'l-curh mina'l-indimdl
Hap. leg., hut obviously connected with the 'the wound came near to being healed' Kaj.
later words lor 'quail' assembled below. Kay. III 283 (butse:r, butse:me:k).
does not contemolate the existence of Turkish
words ~ o n t a i n i n 'six ~ consonants and a long Dis. V. BDQ-
vowel, and it is possible that the original form
was *buldursr:n, which links with the later D bitiv- Co-op. f. of biti:-; n.o.a.b. See also
forms and perhaps explains the intervocalic biitiig-. Xak. X I 01 m a g a : b i t i g bitipdl: 'he
-d-, very rare in Xak.; -sr:n 1s a very rare helped me to write (fi kitba) the book (letter,
Suff. but may have the same relation to -$in, etc.)'; also for competing Kaf. 1188 (bitigii:r,
which occurs as a Suff. of other names of bitigme:k).
hirds, as -sil to - q l l 'I'he later form survives VUD budup- Hap. leg.; unvocalized hut
in SW Az. bildircin; Osm. b i l d ~ r c i n hut , all obviously the Co-op. f. of bu:d- with the par-
other modern languages use some form of ticular connotation of 'to be completely split
Mong. hiidiine (Knw. I 230; Hnltod j I 2). Xak. by the cold'. Xak. X I budugdl: ne:g infara-
XI ' budurs1:n al-salwd quail' Ka?. I 513
(verse($aklin-); translatedal-summdni'quail'): ca'l-jay' rua tnqci'asa ka'l-riclayn id5 tafahbcd
{Gag. xv ff. k e r e k (spelt; otherwise unknown) like 'the thing uras split and (the parts) separated
the legs when they are straddled' Kaq.
a bird smaller than a grey partridge', called I1 93 (budugur, budupma:k).
salwd in Ar. and blldir$tn in Turkish San.
joor. 28; n.m.e. (the latter by implication D biidiig- Co-op. f. of bi5dii:-(b8di:-); sur-
not Gag.)): Tkm.(?) X I I I al-siimm-n (VU) vives only(?) in NW xrx Kaz. biyiq- 'to dance
b1ldircl:n Hou. 10, 9: xrv b ~ l d l r c i n al- together' R I V 1790. X a k . xr ogla:n b a d -
-summdni in T k m . ; KIP. b u y u r p n (-c-) id. iisdi: tabdre'l-,tibyin fi'l-zafn rua'l-raqr 'the
36; al-summcin VU buldurcin Bul. 11, I_J boys competed with one another in dancing
(only second -u- marked): xv (al-summn (Hend.)' Kaj. II 93 (bbdiigii:r, b6diipme:k).
bedene Kav. 62, 13; Tuh. 19a. 12) the latter
adds T k m . buyurqun (mis-spelt buyur~rck). D buttip- Recip. f. of b u t - ; survives at any
rate in S W Osm., Tkm. bitig- 'to be con-
T r i s . V. BDR- tiguous to one another, to join, adhere'. In the
D butatla:- perhaps Den. V. fr. the Aor. f. of MS. of Kay. the Perf. is unvocalized and the
buta:- (butl:-); the meaning is clearly 'to tear other two fonns vocalized bitit-, ?in a later
to pieces'. N.0.a.b. TUrkii vrtr ff. Man. a n t a k hand, but the word must have been biitiip-
t e r k i n b u t a r l a y u (lize, etc., see iiz-) 'thus in Xak. Xak. XI o1a:r ikki: btitiigtk1e:r
 DIS.
b a v 'chain, fetter' CCG; Gr.: KIP. xrv ba:g S.i.a.m.l.g. Xak. XI 01 maga: b a k d ~ :nnzma
"1-ribli/'fastening'fd. 33 : xvnl-'uqh 'a hundle'. ilnyya 'he looked at me' II 16 (baka:r,
for example a hale of silk or the like ba:g bakma:k); 16 0.0.: K B hak- is common, e.R.
Knu. 39, 3. 62 ozige bakrp 'lonkina at ~tself'8 1 ; (the
planet Venus) seve b a k t i e r s e 'if she looks
F 2 ba:g the Persian word big 'garden' was lovingly (at you)' 13.5; o.o. 195, 255. etc.;
a very early I.-w. in Turkish, primarily for XIII(?)At. hak1g11 ok1g11 a s t g a l s u tPp
'vincyard', for which there is no native Turkish 'saying "let him look and read and draw ad-
\vord, S.i.a.m.l.g. except NI:, ucually in its vantaKe from it"' 78; b a k a k6rgil 'look and
PC. meaning. Uyg. vrrr ff. b a g borluk 'vine- see' 99; 7i.f. b a k - 'to look (at something Dnr )'
vard (Fiend.)' TT I Y 10, 6 : (xrv) Civ. b a g n l 89: xrv MuA. nnTaro h a k - A f e f . 7, rR; 31, I S ;
erjlep 'cultivating the vincyard' USp. 22, 41: Rz'f. 77, r 1 6 ; 01-tatnllrr' 'to look towards, stare
xrv Chin.-Uyg. Dicl. 'vincyard' b a g borluk at' b a k m a k 34, 8 ; 110: Gag. xvff. b a k -
I.irrti 137; R I V I 127: Xak. X I ba:g nl-karrrr (-mayrn, etc.) hnh- Vel. 131; b a k - nipih
'vine' Kay. III 152; ba:gW: k l r rrdwtil fi'l- kardoiz 'to look (at)' Snrr. 1 2 5 ~ .13 (qurlrns.):
-harm 'go into the vi!ie(yard)' III 212, I : KI3 X w a r . xrrr b a k - 'to look, glance (at some-
y 6 r s u v b a g ~ m'my landed property and thing nut.)' 'Ali 31: xrv ditto Qrrth z j , AfN
vineyards' (or gardens?) 2278: xrrr(?) Tef. 108, etc., Nahc. 284, 17 ( d a r t - ) : Kom. xrv
b a g 'garden' 87: Korn. xrv 'vineyard' b a g bak-/bax- 'to look, Inok at, look after' CCI,
C C I ; Gr.: K o m . xrv (after 1 ba:g) and ba:g CCG; Gr. 49 (qr~cltns.):KIP. xIrr faha?a 'to
al-burtdn 'garden' borrowed from Pe. fd. 33. glance at' b a k - ; i n t q a r n baka: t u r - fforr.
(D) bo:g 'bundle' and the like; presumably 36, I 7 ; tatalla'a min ta!nlhi' 'a16 cika 'to look
R Sec. f. of 1 ba:g; the word also occurs in towards' bak- do. 42, 2: xrv b a k - naznra Id.
Pe., but seems there to be a Turkish I.-w.; 34; ta!al[n'a qua tolla'a ten tlnzora bak- BIII.
for the difference h e t w e n the two words see 39r.: xv b a k - nn?nm nru tatalla'a b a k - Knv.
bogln:-. N.0.a.h. See Ilocrfcr 11 789. Uyg. 9. 12; a.o. 31, I I ; hnsora'to see, perceive'bak-
V I I I ff. Civ. (a donkey is hired) tokuz otuz
T~rh.8h. 2 ; m'a 'to see' hak- do. r ja. 12;
b o g (text in error f o k ) bazke 'for (a rent of) rrnzarn bnk- 11'0. 3 7 b 5: Osm. s t v TI'S II z4
?9 hales of cloth' 7 J S p . 3, 4-5: Xak. X I bo:I: (alart-).
nyhntrr'l-rnntd' ton rizmotrrhr~'a !,ale or hundle bok- 'to str:inple, chr~kr (someone Acc.)'.
<IF merchandise' Koy. III 127; 0.0. I1 341 13 S.i.a.m.1.g. m. some phonetic changes (b-/p-;
(hoglat-) and ?II 133, I (qrgll-): O s m . 'xrv og-1-0:-1-u:-). IJyg. vrrr ff. Civ. b o g m a k
b o a 'bundle' in one text T T S I V 117. b o l s a r 'if a man has a choking fit' N I 184:
S b u g See 2 bu:. Xak. xr 01 erni: bogdt: 'he strangled (xonnqo)
the man' (etc.) Kay. I I 14 (boga:r, bogma:k);
1 bo:k ( s i c ) (I) 'greet1 nlottld'; (2) 'excrement, 1 85 (2 uya:) and three 0.0. : KB y a r a g s ~ z n ~
dung'. S.i.a.m.l.g. in the second n ~ e a n i n ~in, bogdl eligde u r u p 'he strangled the useless
the first only(?) in NE Koib., Sag. peg R I V ones, seizing them with his hands' 437: Gag.
1265, T h e secondary meaning 'metallic slag' xv ff. bog- xafa hardon run gulc-rd tang
also occurs. Cf. 1 a r k . Uyk. vrrr ff. Civ. frrgurdnn 'to strangle, to squeeze the throat'
(a virtuous man is as good as the Buddhas) Sun. 1 3 5 ~ .zo (quotns.): Klp. S l I I xanaqa
buyanstz kigi b o k bakrr birle tiiz 01 'a rnan bog- ~iorr.35. 17: srv bo:- xanoqa fd. 28;
without merit is no more use than copper s l a ~ ' bogdl: xartnqn; zen hrtzun 'alarn, 7c.a taraqqnqa
T T V I I 42, 2: Xak. xr bo:k 'the green mould b(i'rrhrr idii knrln 'nlam 'to stranyle', and
(nl-rudro) which forms on hread when it turns b u g d ~ :with -u- means 'flag., sign, landmark'
musty owing to age or putridity', also of other ( ? ) fd.33 (there is no other trace of bugdl: in
things Kay. III 129: X I V Muh. al-&?it 'excre- any such sense): xv bog- xanaqa Kazl. 10, 6;
ment' bo:k Mel. 48, I ; Rif. 142: O a u z XI 76, 14; ditto bo:-; Tlun. bog- Tuh. 15a. 3.
bo:k at-,@'it Kaf. III 129: Kom. xrv 'dung' bok- 'tn cross (the legs)'. Survives in NE Leb.
b o k CCG; Gr.: Kip. x ~ r ral-'adira 'human p u g - R I V 1361 ; 'rel. pok- rio. 1264; SE
cxcrenlent' b o k Ifotr. 21, 19: Xlv b o k nl-xur' Tar. bog- do. 1647. Cf. bngda:-. Xak. X I
'excrement' fd. 34: xv 'ociira b o k Ttrh. zga. 6. ol ada:kln bokdl: 'he drew ill (nomrna) his
VU 2 bn:k Hap. ICE.; an onomatopoeic. T h e legs to~vards himqelf after they had been
only modern trace seems to be in NE Khak. stretched out' Kal. 1116 (boka:r, bokma:k):
poxla- (of the heart) 'to 1)eat'. Xak. XI (after KB (do not hurry over anythinp) s e r l n 62
1 bo:k), and one says ka:gu:n bo:k y4:rke: b o k a '(sit) crossing your legs and be patient'
tiigdi: 'the melon fell to the ground with this 1310.
sound' (aI-yowl); and one says of anythina Dis. B ~ A
hollow that falls to the ground and bursts bo:k baka: by itself 'frog'; also 'tortoise' if pre-
etti:, it is an onomatopoeic (hikayo) for the ceded by words meaning 'horn, stone', and the
sound Kaj. III 129. like. S.i.a.m.l.g. w. minor phonetic changes in
both meanings. See kurbaka:. Uyg. vrrr ff.
Mon. V. B c - Bud. miiyiiz baka: (horn) 'tortoise' U ZI
bak- 'to look at (someone or something Dot.)', 35, 21 : Xak. X I baka: al-d;fda' 'frog'; hence
with some extended meanings like 'to look 'the tortoise' (01-solhafa', sic) is called mii-
after (someone); to look to, obey (someone)'. giiz baks: Kay. III 226: Gag. xv ff. b a k a and
b a k a q a n a k l i h p v j t 'tortoise', also called t a $ 01-~orcr(iikiiz and) bugs: Karl. 62, 2: /orcr
h a k a / t a $ b a k k a ('stone frog'), in Ar. PU b u g a (and okiiz) 7'1th. I I ; I . 2 ; A l a n u g a
ko!,f (or h n ~ f ,unlike an! known Ar. word for I'ropcr Name (lo. 4111. 7.
'tr~rtn~se') Son. 126r. 1 8 ; t a $ b a k k a sonu pttgt
'tortoise'. also called b a k a l b a k a c a n a k ' in Ar. Dis. BCC'
(;IFahove) do. 1 5 7 r 10: war. XI; b a k a 'frog' V U b u k a q / b u k a : r n.o.a.h. X a k . SI b u k a ~
L)ttrb 2 7 : KIP. s i l l (nl-difrio' k u r b a g a : ) ; al- al-tortr orci'l-qidr t~ritt. ~ a z n 'a j jar o r cooking
-srrlnl?fri ( V U ) k a b l r q a k l u : b a g a : ya'ni d1'Jda' pot of clay'; one says c$iq b u k a q rlii/r ran torvr
riot 'ilbo (rnis-spelt '17j.i-o) that is 'a frog with ;IS a Itend. ('old'l-ifhi'! Kng. I 357; (buka:q
a hox' Iiorr. 7, 5 : s ~ vk a h u r q a k l t : b a g a : a r t the name of a mountain pass ('nqoha:))
01-s~rln!!fZ fd. 68; dittn (hut k a b ~ r q n k l r : ) 1,uka:q 01-tnrur wo'l-qih; one says e$iq
mo'ndlrtr difdn' dnt qtrhhn meaning ' a frog with b u k a : q I 41 I : x ~ v~lfrth.(?)(atilona hlack-
n dnrnc' Iittl. 5 , 2: ~v srrl~i/!frik n b n r q n k l t b a g a s n i i t l ~ 'i~r i ~ l ~ l r r i ~ r n k17r
t s ) 'a I~larks~nitli's
fur-
Trrlr. Iqa. Q ; k a b n r $ n k l t (qir) b n g a 3yh. 3 ; nace' bakn:q ( s i c ) RI'J rho ( < r ~ ~ l y ) .
difr/or h n Q a ,/(I. 231). 7 : O s n ~ .sv111 (after
(he. cntrl-) and in It'irnri k n b l u h a k a and F b n k q a n 'silcnt meditation'; n.o.;i.h. I,.-w.
(PI') t o s b a k a Srtn. 126r. 1 8 (the latter Hap. fr. the synonymous Chinese pllr. ,no ch'oi~
lea.). 'silent mrditntirm' ( G i l c 8.021 348; Ancient
C l ~ i n e s c~ir(h)nk!lZnrr). UvE. V I I I IT. l ~ u d(then
.
1) b a k u : ( b a k k u : ) IJcv. N. in - g u : , \\!it11 the the vcnerahle nrhnt 5ir;putra in that mnnas-
-g- assimilated, fr, b a k - : lit. 'a look-out'. ter!.) b a k q a n b o l u r e r d i 'xvas (sunk in) silrnt
N.o.a.b. X a k . X I b a k u : nl-qnff 'a hill, high meditation' U I11 88, 17; a.o. (10. 89. 2.
ground' ICng. I11 226; (after S O ~ U : 'just) as
the word b a k u : al-qttff was abbreviated, it Tris. B ~ C
originally had - k k - (al-qif mrtgnddad)' do. 26;
(the wolf) b a k u : agcll: 'climbed the hill (to I) h a k a : ~ u kl l a p . leg.; D i m . f. nf b n k a : ; lit.
escape ~iie)'I11 219, 17. 'little frog', for a parallel a n i ~ n s lsimile cf.
Latin 11iirscrt1rr.r 'little mouse'. CS. s t q a a n a k .
I'LlF 1 b n s a : I l a p . Irp.; a Sanskrit I.-w., per- S a k . sl b a k a : q u k t m t i r b a k a : rcn htrztn
li;~psptizi~'betel-nut'. S a k . X I b u g a : a d r u g ,forirotrt'l-c~irri' '1)ini. f , of hol:o: ; tlic mrlscle of
(,lntcri) imported irori~India nnc says s:~:rlg tlic forcarm' (sic hut ?'bicrps') Iin,r. 111226.
h u g a : 'yellow (osfar) httgn:' and bo:z b u g a :
'reddish (nshnh) hutto:' Kng. I I I 224. D ~ S .nOu
S 2 b u g a : Sec b u k a : b r i g t l ~ : Scr bo:g NtV.
I> b o k d a i n I l a p . lcg.; N.,J:\.S. in - t i a m
b u k a : 'hull'. S.i.a.ni.l.g. with some phonetic ( c o n n o t ~ n gresenil)lancc) fr. 1 b o : k ; 'mould-
change? ( b l p ; k/g). Snrric Nt\' 'rat. dialects like'. [lye. V I I I ff. Civ. (your old name has
arid S\V, Osni. only, have -0- for -11-; see h r r n rhanpctl anrl has hrcot11t. nrw) h o k t l a m
.Tl~clrcrhrlh,p. c)y. (:f. \I:$, likiiz, slgir. Not a t l g 'y(lixr motrldy rcput:itinn' (has Iwen
to he confi~secl with the Along. word bugrt changed, etc.) T T I I 18.
'stag' (IIa~rrisclr21, Korc. I 160) which occurs
as a I.-\T. in the Chin-U@. Zlict.; Xwar. xIlr I> b a g d a g D ~ v . N.,'.9. in - 8 (connoting
( ? ) Qf. 20, etc.; Cak. 1,'~l. 1.53; .?on. 136". 9, reciprocity) fr. b a g d a : - ; survives in SW Osm.
nnrl survives in SIC 'Ti~rkinnd NC Ktr., Kzx. S n k . >:I I<B bagrla$ i l m c 'do not sit cross-
See Iloerfcr I1 752. T u r k i i V I I I T 5 (1ra:k): IrgFcd' (at a feast) 4114: KIP. xv cold 'to sit
IlyR. V I I I ff. Dud. b u k a s l a $ n u u n u p 'his cross-lepgcd' b a g d a g o l t u r - T~tlr.12a. 10.
1,uIl came out first and . . .' PP 6 5 , 3: Civ.
11.7p. 68. 3 (cqkii:): X n k . X I b u k a : ,foIrlr~'l- birgda:y '\\heat'. S.i.a.ti1.l.g. w. some phonetic
-hnrinra 'hull' I<o,r. 111226; a.o, nl-!nsor 'hull' changes. U y g . V I I I ff. Rud. (a statue of Buddha)
11 79, 21 ( m u g r e $ - ) : K H b o y u n y a l bediit- b u g d a y e v i n i n q e 'the s i x CIS;I grain of n h e a t '
tiig b u k n t e g k111p '>-nu have made your Pfnhl. 6, 6 : Civ. l i v i a71 b u g d a y t e t i r 'the
neck and the hack of your neck bigger like a (appropriate) offering (I.-\\..) of frrnd to it is
h ~ ~ l l ' s~' S U: IGag. sv ff. b u g n jirjru ma grjm- said tu 11c wheat' T T i'I1 r q , 31): X a k . sr
nrir 'l>ull; buffalo' (also a P r o p r r Name) Snn. b u g d a : y nl-!rhr!n 'whcat' ( p r ~ ~ v . the) ; pcoplc
rfhr. 2 4 ; b u k a the same as bug^ do. 1 3 7 r 4 : mf Dars&iri cannot pronortrice b u g d a : y and
K o m . st\- 'hull' b o g a C C I ; Ur.: KIP. xlrl call it b u d g a : y and this \\ol.d (is used) to
('cattle' in general s i g ~ r ;01-lnrcr iikiiz) nl- test anvune who s;tys ' 1 nnl not one of thrm'
-'irl~r'l-g~hhtr'l-~?~itr~odt~'/-q~~friz 'a sturdy bull k-rrr. I11 240; and 7 0.0. : h*Il(in the list of the
calf n h i c h is rcndy to hrccd' bufia: 130~. 14, signs of t h r 7odiac) b u g c l a y bag1 'the ear
19: s ~ vb u g n : ul-.f~~lrlrr'l-itrrrd~~oIiirli'l- (VU) of wheat', thc Ar. name of \'irgo 140: xllr(?)
dirrjh 'a male animal'(?) and any male animal Tcf. b u g d n y 'wheat' 106 (hosdny): xiv ~kfr;k.
(fold) is called this, the T u r k s and Persians 01-irinto bu:gda:y .%fel. 6, 1 3 ; 65, 14; 77, 1 3 ;
say b a g a : (sir?), its oriqin is the AT. \vord 79,-6; Rif. 77, 165, 181, 183: Gag. xvff.
boggi' 'lustful', but its (form) is incorrect (nl- b u g d a y .qondrrnr 'wheat'; also us'd for brtrc-i
-rnn'b~it~)f d . 3 3 ; ('bullock' okiiz) nl-?nu~u'l- srtrrhuln 'Virgo' Son. 1361. 29: X w a r . xlv
-royn 'an entire bull' buga:, used specifically b u g d a y 'mhcat' Qtttb 37; 'a fruit (on t h e tree
in this sense and also (more generally) for the of the kno\vledge of ~ o o dand evil)' Nohr. 281,
best (a[-coj,r.id) of anything B ~ t l . 7, 8: xv 6: K o m . s r v 'whcat' b o g d a y / b u g d a y / b o d a y
 DIS.
C C I , C C G ; Gr.: KIP. xrll al-Arn/a bu:day should be strangled' (hi-sanqihi) Knf. II 171
also called bugday Hort. 12, 1;: x ~ vT k m . ( b o g t u r u r , b o a t u r m a : k ) ; a.o. I1 173, 18:
b u g d a y rrl-qam11 'wheat'; Klp. b u y d a y ; and Gag. xv ff. bogdur-. Caus. f.; .yofa farmtidun
to descrihe a man with a brown complexion 'to order to strangle' Son. 136r. 5.
(asmnr) they say b u g d a y emlii: (see e ~ l i g )
. . . and (in Ktp.) b u g d a y is not used except 'rris. B ~ D
in this phr. fd. 33; al-qamJl b u g d a y Ilrrl. 6,
15; 01-qamhiya 'wheaten food' b u g d a y a$ (F) baga:tu:r by origin almost certainly a
du. 8, 2: xv al-qnnrlt b u g d a y Kav. 63, rz; Hunnish (Ilsiung-nu) Proper Name, and
qnmlt b u d a y ; ~ k m ' .bugday Trth. 29a. 3 : more specifically that of the second Hsiunpnu '
Osm. xrv ff. bugtlay 'wheat' is noted fr. srv shan-yii (209-174 n . c ) whose name was trans-
onwards; a Sec. f. b u g d a is nnted in x ~ vand crihed by the Chincsc as Man-tun (Giles
s v and b u g d a y e ~ l i ifr. x ~ vt~ st111 7'T.T I 7,699 12,221; Old Chinese proh. something
119; II 173; 111 114; I V 528. likc inofi-tun). T h e word occurs only once in
, the rarly period and then till as a P.N. hut
L) boxta:y Hap. Icg.; 11en. N. fr. bo:g. 'l'he was an rarly I:w. in ~Mong.as ba'ntrtr(Haenisch
sound change -gt- i- x t - also occurs i r i I ~)/ha@ntrtr (Kozo. togR), primarily as an ele-
a g t a r - . The Suff. -ta:y, which has no relation ment in IJ.N.s, e.g. Yrsiigei Ra'arrrr (Haenisch
to the Mong. P.N./A. suffix -toy/-trj' (Stlrdi~s, 184) hut also as a common noun meaning
p. zoz), is very rare, and its significance is 'picked warrior'. It is proh. that the transition
obscure, cf. t u r u m t a y ; as Kay. gives prac- from liamc to noun took place in hlong.;
tically the same translation for bo:g and this Turkish had other words likc alpa:gut with
word, it cannot have much content. X a k , XI this meaning. 'I'he word reappears in Turkish
boxta:y 'nybatu'l-&iy(ih 'a hale of clothing': in the medieval period generally in forms with
VU b o x t o : ~alternative form (lrrin jihi) KO?. mcdinl - h - which suggest that the immediate
III 239. source was I'e. S.i.s.m.l. in SE, NC, SC, and
NW as b a t ~ r / b a t u r ,R I V 1511-15, which
D ~ S .V. BGD- seem to be direct horroivings fr. &Tong. See
1> baklt- Hap. leg.; Caclc. f. of h a k - ; c l Dorrfrr I 1 817 and Strcdirs, p. 19. Tiirkii
b a k u r - . 'l'he mr~tl'rn Caus, f. haktrrr- doc-s v ~ r rfl: a t i m Haga:tu:r cigyi: 'mv name is
not seem to be noted earlier than (Xak.) s ~ v 13aRa:tu:r Cicyi:' 'Iirn. I V 12 ( E T Y I1 96):
1141th.nmora bi'l-ta'nmnr~rl'tn order to contcrn- X w a r . xrv m a g a a l p b a h a t u r quwwatlrg
plate' b a k d u r - , Me/. 41, 5, where Rif. 131 kigiler Ida bkrgil 'send me tough warriors
has b a k u r - Xak. xr 01 anl: evdin b a k ~ t t r : and strong men' Nahc. 151, 9: K o m . xlv
a!/n'ahtr zca nrnaralru air yrrhsir (words omitted j 'brave (man)' b a g a t u r C C I ; b a h a d u r C C C ;
'he shomed him and told him to look (at thc Cr.: KIP. xv jucd' 'brave' b a h a d u r Tuh. 2ob.
house)'; also used for anyone who urges snmc- 8 ; Kaw. 23, I 2 ; 60, 6.
one to look towards a place (yanzrrr iln maw~ii')
Ihj. II 308 (bakttu:r, bakitma:k).
I) buka:t- (buka:cj-) Hap. leg.; Intnns. Den. D bakig 1-Iap. leg.?; N.Ac. fr. bak-. Xak. nr
V. fr. buka:. X a k , X I buza:gu bukattt: (sic) h a k t g 01-ilugra 'a glance, look'; hence one
qiira'l-'icl fall/ li'l-haqnro 700 'udda inin cum- says a n t g b a k t g ~ kijr: absir noprntalt~t'see how
lati'/-/ti/rtil 'the calf hccanie a hull and was hc glances' Kaj. 1373.
reckoned among the hulls'; originally buka:d- V U b o k u k (?bokok) 'a s\vclling, esp. in the
t ~ Kaj.
: I1 308 (buka:tu:r, bukatma:k, sic). throat', in humans 'goitre, double chin', in
I1 ba&da:- 'to trip (son~eoneAcc.)'; Den. .'1 birds 'crop'; nictaph. 'a bud'. Survives in NE
fr. 1 ba:g with a different meaninfi fr. bag- Alt., ?'el. p0g0:k; Leh. po:k R I V 1264-5;
la:-. Survives only(?) in SW Osm. b a g d a - 'to Sor p u g a k do. 1362; Khak. p o g o 'goitre,
cross the legs, sit cross-leaged'; cf. bagdag. bird's crop', sometimes 'a (bride's) necklace';
Xak. X I 01 a n q ada:kln bagda:dl $n@aho SE Turki pokak 'poitre' BT;poxak/po:kak/
r-iclnhu .fi'l-gird' 'hc tripped his Icg while p o r k a k Jartin#: NC Krr. pogo:k 'necklace';
usrestling' Kag. III 2 j6 (bagda:r, bagda:- b o k o k 'hird's crop' R I V 1265, 1646; boQok
ma:k); a.0. II 364, 14: 01 anrg a d a : k ~ n 'goitre' Yud.; Kzx. b u g a k 'goitre'; NW Kk.
badga:dl: same translation; a metathesized b u g a k 'goitre'. T h e evidence points to -0- in
('nld qolh) form of bagda:- 111288 (badga:r, the first syllable. See Doerfer I1 801. Xak. xr
hadga:ma:k). b o k a k (sir) a / - h a ~ c ~ a'al a hird's crop': bokuk
catnd'attr'l-now rcn akrn6tnrt'l-anrcdr rca'l-
D b a g d a t - Caus. f. of bagda:- ; n.o.a.b. Xak. -ozhdr '3 cluster of flowers, the buds of
xr 01 an19 ada:ktn bagdattl: 'he ordered flowers'; hence one savs qeqek bokuklandl:
(someone) to trip (hi-fajjzahn) his leg while 'the flower has conie into bud' (tokommnmn),
\vrcstling' Kaf. I1 327 (bagdatu:r, b a g - that is before the blossom has actually opened
c1atma:k). (yotafattara'l-zahr) (verse): b o k u k 'goitrous
flesh' (lahm Rudadi) which grows between the
D b o g t u r - Caus. f. of bog-; 'to order (sonie- skin and the flesh each side of the Adam's
one Dat.) to strangle (someone Arc.)'. Survives apple (al-lmrqada); (a long account of the
only(?) in SW Osm., Tkm. bogdur-. Xak. prevalence of this disease in Fergana and the
XI 01 ant: bogturdl: 'he ordered that he Siqni country and of the reasons for it follows)
 nrs.
Knl. II 283: Krp. xrv (VU) b o p a g 01-halq I 56, pcjint,: ,bat this rntlst I)c an rrrnr for
'throat' Iri. 33 (an Inexact tranqlntion, see bnklR11g): (Civ. in a contract USp. 13 relating
bogaz); 01-hnmrala (VI:) boga:gr: (sic) (and to tile mle o f a vrneyard the price in quoted in
k u r ~ a : k ) Dlrl. 12, 7: 1:. ra!rr~r'l-ltanok 'the 1. 2 as yiiz i k i b a g l t k u z u n k a r l d n hiiz (see
part henrath the chin' b o g a k Knr.. 60, rg. traun) and in I. ns yiiz i k l b e g biizl; b n g l ~ k
must he syn. i v . 1 hn:g and is either an A.N.
T r l s . Bee (Conc. N.)fr. it, other\visc unnoterl, or a
(I)) b11ka:gu: 'fetter, lep-iron, hantlculf'; qcrihnl error): X a k . xr K D b e g a t 1 b l l l ~
b i r l e bnAlrji t r r r u r 'a b(7.q'~ reputation is
morphologically Conc. N. fr. *buka:-. hnund trp c\.ith his wisdnm' 1053: X I V Muh.
S.i.s.m.l. (NC, NW, SW).Scc Dorrfer I1 725.
Uyg. vr11 ff. Man.-A y a z u k l u g c r n i n . . . ol-rnii#lnq 'holtcd' (opposite to 'npen' nvuk)
b a g l u k (sic) R$ I 54: (MFI. S O , 3 b a g l a m a k
b u k n g u s l 'the fettem . . . of a criminal' M III
12, 19 (i): Alan. b1rkafSutakllar 'those who in error): FaQ. sv tt'. ha&lrfS/bafiIrk bn#lr~
wr hn,frnlrr . . . 7.r bir riaxr hrrtr(lln hnfilrr 'owning
are in fetters' 7'T III 49: Bud. b a g d a b u k a -
gutla p t l p 'lying in hnnds and fetters' Krron. a vineyard 1~ cnrtlcn' (fr. 2 1)a:g) arid also
' r i d wit11 I~or~tls'1'0. 130 (clvotr~.):bafilrfS
38; a.0. 7'T VI 1x0: Xak. X I buka:gu: hnstn 'I~nirnd' .Tan, rngr. 21 (quotrl.): X w a r .
GI-moqtnrn (sic) 'the chains' that are put on n srv b a & l ~ ~ / b a g l t k / b n ~'hnund,
ll fastened'
thief f i g . 1 446: x r ~ r ( ? Tef.
) b u k a g u 'fetters'
107 (bokngrr): Gag!. xv ff. b u k n g u l b u k a w the Qrith 24.
same as b u x a g u / b u x u w (Osm.) in thc sense (I)) bak1a:n one of thc Croup of anitnal namrs
of tnrcq tua zirrcir 'neck-rin~;chain' San. 137r. ending in -1a:n; a particular kind of lamb, hut
5 : KIP. xrv b u k a w u : a/-qnyd 'fetters' Id. 33; whether of a particular age or 'fat' or thc like
(qfl.vyndn b u k a g u l a - Rul. 7qv): xv qcryd is ohscurc. N.o.a.b. Cf. Ilorrfer I1 751. X a k .
b u w a w l ; T k m . b u g a w l (in margin in SW xr bak1a:n kuzl: 01-lrntnolrr'l-tnri~trr'i-snr~rirz
hand b u k a g l ) Trtlt. ,zqa. 13 : O s m . xlv ff. ';I tender, fat Iarnh' KCIJ. I 444: X w a r . xtv
b u k a a u 'fetters. etc. ; fairly c.i.a.p. TT.9 I (one should cat a I;rrrrh) b a k l a n 6rkt.n (before
1 2 2 ; 11 173; 111 578 ( p - ) I 11,' 130; X V I I I it hccortirs a giyck ( t l ~ e k ) )Qlrth 27.
b u x a g u in Rlirui, 'a chain (cirrcir) that they
fasten to thc legs of animals or criminals
San. I 3 I r. 7.
hnkrl- T'n, .. f. of I w k - ; s.i.a.rn.1. mraning
U bukaguqr: N.Afi. fr. buka:fSrl:; n.0.a.t. 'to bc \v:~tcIictl. Ir~nl.rrl aftcr', and the likr.
Cf. b u k a g u l u g q ~ : . Uyg. ~ I I ff.
I Dud. (in a Xnk. sr yC:rke: bakrldl: ~tili'n rcn ~rrc;irn
list of <lisreputahlc occupations) b u k a g u q i ilri'l-nr!l 'tl~r:ground was carrhllly cuan~inrd
holturn c r s e r 'il I have t)ccome il jailer' U II and Innkcd at' Knr. I1 131 ( b n k l l u r , baktl-
Ss, 13; a.o. 1'T ZI: 8, 61 (2 kina:-). ma:k): G a g . xv IT. b"k11- tri~rilr Iror~injltrlrrtr
'to I>c looked :it' Snrr. r zOr. I .
1) b o k u k l u g Il:~p. Icq.; P.N./:\. fr. b o k u k .
Xak. X I h o k u k l u a e r '11 marl with goitrc' 1) b o g u l - 1':lss. f. of l,o2-; 'to h r strallj;led,
(11nrq:rlo) Koa. i 497. chnkrd'. S.i.n~.rn.l.y.X a k . \ I e r bojiultlr:
s:ttrttirln'l-rnr111 'tlic man (etc.) \\-as stranplrd'
I ) huki1Cprlu2 P.Y./.\. fr. buka:gu: 'fettcred', Kn$. 11 131 (l,ofiulur, bogu1uia:k): K o m .
rtr. Surrives in NC I<lr. bog0:lu:. Uyg. xr\' 'to be rlrolvritd' bogul- CL'I; Gr.
vrlr ff. Illld. b o y u t i l a r ~ bukaR111ug 'with
their nccks chained' S~le'.12, 17. L) b o k u l - Ilap. lei:.; IIDSS.f. of bok-. X a k .
XI a d a : k bokultll: rcxi,/ol mn qrrFidnti'1-
I) bukaaulup$r: 1Iap. leg.; N.11~fr. -rirl!r'l-mr<frri$n 'thc Irc \vhich had bccn tr~rt-
bukajiulug. Uyg; V I I I ff. Chr. (flerod stretched \v:rs gr;isped and drawn in' I<n(. II
ordered) BE b u k a g u l u g q t Bliitql y a r e a n - 131 (boklltrr, bokr/ulrna:k sic, both knsra
l a r k a 'his own jailers, executioners and judges and dnirmrrr cln the Infin.).
(?)' Cr I t ) , 17-18.
D bagla:- Dcn. V. fr. 1 ba:&; usually 'to tic,
T r l s . V. nGc- fasten', and the like. S.i.s.nl.1.g. with the same
phonetic changes as 1 ba:g. Cf. ba:-, bogla:-.
1) bokuklnn- Retl. Llrn. V. fr. b o k u k ; U y a . rx (I had three sons ;rnd thrce daughte1.s)
n.o.a.l~. 111 the sense of 'tc~comr into bud', of e v l e d i m b a g l a d t m 'I ~narricdoff (the sons,
a plant, I>ilsh, etc. Uyg. vrrr ff. Alan. Itrind. 10 i.e. Rare them their own homes) and gave (the
(akirlrg): X a k , sr Kn$. 11285 (bokuk); 1.137, daughters) in n1:lrriage (LC. to another clan)'
.; (same verse as in II 285). Suci 6 (test as correctrd by Gronhech): X a k .
xr 01 o t u g baQla:cll: bnznmo'l-hnrol, 'he tied
Dis. BGL the firctvood (ctc.) in a bundle' Kng. III 2 9 2
U b a g l l g P.N./A. fr. 1 ba:g; \\.ith several (bnglajr, bagla:ma:!c); k&gliim aga:r b a g -
meanings der. fr. that word. S.i.s.ni.1. with the layu: oqadtrr qalhi a15 hubbihi 'I fastened
same phonetic changes as 1 ba:g. Uyk. vrrr ff. my heart tn (love for) him' 111 309, 10:
nud. Fag b a g l ~ g(PU) kii tao a t l l g b i r b e g SIII(?) (At. 183, 2 2 0 v.1. see ba:-); Tef.
'a beg named Kit tao(?) of the Chang family' b a g l a - 'to tie (the hands); to bolt a (door)',
.Curr. 4, 7; (eclgil 6gH bag118 b o d ~ a a t v etc. 88: srv Mrrh. nglnqn ruo ?addo 'to bolt,
Avalokiteivnra Rodhisattva, 'the B. who looks fasten'ba:gla:- Rif. ro.+(Aft-I. 23, 3 baklan-);
kindly (on men)' U I 17, 6; as Miiller, do. qayyndn 'to hind' (Rif. run ltnfnfn 'to handcuff')
bagla- 3 0 , 1 1 ; ba:gla:- 114: Gag. uv IT. Tej, baglan- 'to he fastened, tled' 88:
bagla- basmtt 'to hind' S<rri.rzqr 18(quotns ): X w a r . X I V drtto Qrttb zj.
X w a r . ~ I I I bagla- 'to bind, fasten', etc.
'Ali 26: XIII(?)ditto. Ofi. 30, 34, 363, 366: D boglan- llap. lep.; Refl. f. (used as, I'ass.)
slv ditto. Quth 2;; M N 365; hrahc. 17, I of bogla:-. Xek. S I to:n boglandl: ubbi~a
(yrp): K o m . xrv 'to tie up, fasten' bagla-/ bi'l-~izc6ni'l-!arcb 'thc clothing was packed in
balga- C C I ; ditto and bavla- CCG; Gr. 47 the baggage' I<a& II 239 (boglanu:r, bog-
(quotns.): Krp. xrrr raba!a 'to tic up' ba:gla:- 1anma:k).
IIn~nrc.36, 3 ; pddn mitt gnddi'l-jnmr ulo Rnyrihi
:on hr~rua'l-ribdf'to fasten, that is tic up ;I horse D boglun- Hap. leg.; h f l . f. of bogul- and
,.tc,' bagla:- do. 41, ;: bagla- mhg!n, syn. w. it. Xak. X I a t boglundl: 'the horse
der. fr. ba:g nl-rib*! fd. 33; gnllaqa 'to bolt' (ctc.1 was strangled' (i.rfonn'?a) Kay. II 239
-
hehla- Bul. har.: xv rnbatn bafila- Kav. 7, ..~
-

6 ; bagla-, anti some of t l j rn &hstitilte -y-

. (boglunu:rl bO&luntna:k).

for -IS- do. 75, 1 1 : rnhnd bayla-; Tkrn. Trls. nGL

bagla- Ttrlt. 171,. 2 ; snrm roo rahn~nditto
bayla- do. 23a. 5 : Osrn. xrvff. bagla- 'to S bagrltnk See I ~ a g l r d a k .
tie (on); to holt'; c.i.a.p. TI'S I 69; 11 95;
11162; IV 68, 467 (kapu). D ~ S .BCIM
D bogla:- Ilap. Icg. (later ?ahsor+d by I> bogtm N.S.A. fr. hog- (semantic connec-
baglo:-). Xak. X I 01 to:n bogla:&: abhd'l- tion obscure); 'a joint, or articulation; a
-iawb figiwiinihi 'he packed the clothing in his knot (in a stalk, etc.)'. Survives in S E Tiirki
jaggage'; they distingui3h between packing and SU' Osm., 'I'km. See Doerfer 11 799.
clothes (yaddi'l-tawb) and tying u p other thiri~s Cf. bogun, bag1.y Xak. XI b o g l m a/-afca'
(!~aztn gnj*rilri)placing fnt!la on the hii' in the fi'l-ishi' 'thc knucklrs of the fineers'; nnbribu'l-
first verb (i.e. bagla:-) and ~r~?rtttrn on the -qnsoh rm'l-!tn!fii'the knots in n cane or alfalfa
hc' in the second (i.c. bogla:-) Ihy. III z g z grass', ton, are called bogrm I h g . I 3 9 5 (and
( b o g l a x , bog1a:ma:k). see bogun): K o n ~ xrv . 'joint' b o g u m CCI,
D bokla:- Den. V. fr. 1 bo:k. Sur\~ivesin NiC CCG; Gr.
Sag. R I V 1267; Ichak. pokln- 'to go nlr~uldy'; I) b o g m a k Infin, of bog- used as a Cone. N.;
NC l<rr. bokto- 'to curse'; SLV Osm. bokla- 'sorncthing nor11 tightly round, or on, the
'to soil, hcslnirch, trring into disrcputc'. Oguz neck, collar-button, necklace', and the like (for
XI yrlkl: bok1a:dt: rdlnti'l-ddhha 'the horse the semantic connection, cT. English 'chokcr').
stalcd' Knp. III 292 (bokla:r, bok1a:ma:k). Survives only(?) in SW Osm. where it is
D haglnt- Calls, f. uf bagla:-; 'to order now nol.mally syn. w. b o & m (but Sami 316
distinguishes between b o g m a k 'joint, knot'
(sonlroric Ilnt.) to tic up (sorncthing Acc.)'. and bogmulc 'necklace'). Xak. X I b o g m a k
S.i.s.m.l.g. w. the same phonetic changes as zirrrr'l-qnrtrig 'the (collar) button of a shirt':
1 ba:g. 'I'hc MS. of Kay. given onc example of b o k m a k ol-tiqsdr, that is 'a necklace (qilddn)
this verb and then onc cxolnple of what is of gold, etc. set with je~vclsand pearls, with
evidently boglat-, unvocalized, rvitli a single which thc bridc is adorned for her wedding'
Aor. and Infin. for both. Xak. X I (men) a u a r (tuznff hilrd'l-'artis) I&$.I 466: xrv ~%ftth.(?)
o t u g b a Q l a t t ~ m'I ordercd him to tie up (among articles of clothing) al-rtii.maqn 'neck-
(al~zanrtrthtt)the lireivood' (etc.) K q . I1 341 lace' ('chokcr') b o g m a g R$. 150 (only):
(bnglatu:rmen, baglatma:k): Xwar. xrv O s m . srv ff. b o k m a k 'necklace'; c.1.a.p.;
baglat- 'to have (a door) bolted' Qi;fb 24. bogmilk ditto occasionally fr. xvr onwards:
XVIII b o g m a k in Riinti, gnrdan-band 'neck-
D boglat- Hap. leg.; Caus. f. of bogla:-.
X a k . X I ( m e n ) n g a r bo:g boglattlm(bd'un- lace', in i\r. fiqsdr San. 136v. 7.
vocalized) Itninnlttthn 'alii ~qddi'l-'ayba ma'l-
-rtrzmn li-yiwdn !a?ubi3l-nisti' I ordered hitn to T r i s . V. RCM-
fasten up the bag or bale to pack the rvornen's
clothes' Kay. I1 341 (boglatu:rmen, bog- D bogmakla:- Hap. leg. ; Den. \'. fr. bog-
latma:k, both vncalized hn-). m a k ; its existence is rather dubious; it is
listed among verbs ending in -la:-, hut none
D baglan- Refl. f. (sometimes used for Pass.) of the words quoted are so spelt; proh. the
of bagla:-. S.i.m.m.1.p. us.the same phonetic only form actually currrnt was the Refl. f.
changes a s 1 ba:g. Xak. XI o t u g baglandl: Xak. xr kiiglelr b o g m a k l a d d ~ :(sic) 'the
'the firewood wns tied up' (httzirna); and shirt buttons (etc.) were fastened' (gudda) Kay.
one says Bzfge: otug bagland]: 'he set out III 350 (bogmaklanu:r, bogmak1anma:k
to collect firewood (bill-iirti!db) and tic up sic).
(htrzim) a hundle of it for himself'; bag-
Ianu:r, baglanma:k; and one says ko:y D b o g m a k l a n - Hap. leg.; Refl. f. of bog-
baglendl: 'the sheep (etc.) was tied up' mak1a:- q.v. X a k . XI e r bogmaklandl:
(rtrbifa) Kay. 11 238: K B oyunka k a t ~ l s n jndda'l-racrrl 'urcuoto'l-gomi$ 'the man fastened
boyun b a g l a n u r 'if a man gets involved in up the button-loop of his shirt' Kaj. 11 274
gambling, his neck is bound' 5928: xrrr(?) (bagmaklanu:r, bogmak1anma:k).
 DIS. RCN I) b o g n a k Ilcv. N.A. fr. b o g u n - ; the general
b a k a n 'torque, necklace'. I'cc. to Kay. and connotation muct be snnirthing like 'stifling',
hut translations vary. Survives only(?) in SW
not connected with K C I i ~ r .Kzx.
, h a k a n 'tent O s ~ n .b o g u n a k 'stitled, choked; violent ~ u s t y
pole' which is a I.-w. fr. Rlong. hognna (Kow. rain'. ( X a k . X I see b o g n a k l a n - ) : G a g . xv fT.
1056, Hnltod 270); there seems to be no basis b o g n n k / b o g n u k (hoth spelt) harod-yi nnc?r-
for the statement in R I V 1437 that the word tahis-i lira 'an oppressive and gloomy atmo-
also exists tt-ith this mean in^ ill Gag. and
spherer Snrr. r 36v. 8; b o g a k hozod-yi mrrhtobis,
hiq liom. hnknn is a misreading of b a k a m a also called b o g n a k do. r36r. 26: K l p xlv
I.-\\.. fr. Ar. haqqfirn 'log\vood (a dye wood)'. b o g a n a k ( ? : so vocalized) g~r'hrihminn'l-rrrrrtnr
Xak. sr b n k a n 01-!rnlqa tuo'l-fntrq 'a torque 'drluges of rain' fd. 33: Osm. svrlr b o g n a k l
or necklace' made of bronze; one says a l t u n b o g n u k (after CaR.) arid jn Rri~iri, hartin ki
b a k a n 'gold necklace' and so on Kag. 1 399;
(in a para. under t u r m a : on Ar. and Pe. 1.-w. rinrgrrg'nr hdgnd 'heavy ram'; also ~ i r d - b a d
'\vhirl\aind' Son. 13hv. 8.
in ORuz) the 0@1z call 01-!nwq knIr:da, which
is Ar. qilAdn, hut the Turks call a 'necklace or DIS. V. UCN-
torque' b a k a n 1.132, 7.
D b p k l n - I<e?. f. of b a k - ; s.i.a.rn.l.g. with
brkln 'the hip, or flank' of a human being or varvlnc n)t.anlnjis. X a k . xr I:Q k6:dlgr:
animal. Sur\-ives in NIC 'l'el. p l k k l n R I V b a k l n g r l intn?ir i l ~ idsiri'l-nmr rcn tndnhbnr
1307; Khak. prxtl (i.e. p t x t n with 3rd Pers. 'look at the consequences of the affair and
Posa. Suff.); 'l'uv. brgln: N C Klr., Kzx. rellect' h-ny. 1I I42 ( b a k l n u : ~ ,b a k r n m a : k ) ;
m t k t n . See Doerfrr I1 754. U y g V I I I ff. Civ. a.o. II 160, 5 : KD (do not forget death, be
hrkln iize I s l r s a r 'if it hites on the hip' T T ready for it, do not forget yourself) t I i b u ~ k e
I'II 36, 16 (USp. 42, 29, misread hoyiln): b a k l n 'look at your inmost hcing' 1323; 0.0.
X a k , XI b ~ k l nni-xdsiro 'hip, Rank' Kay. I 605, 1462: XIII(?)At. n e i $ u t r u kelse a g a r
390: G a g . xvff. b ~ k l n (spelt) pahlri run k d hakltr 'whatever task confronts you,
rohi,qGlr 'flank, hip' San. 14jv. 6 : X w a r . X I V scrutinize it thoroughly' 369: X w a r . X I I I ( ? )
blkrn ditto Qtirb 39: KIP. xrv blkrn al- (rlltun Xnn sent manv gifts to Oauz Xan and)
-sri$iro Id. 34: xv sdsirn ( u c a rcn) b l g t n (in ngtzrkn h a k t n d l 'paid heed to his words'
n~argin.'and with -k-') litlr. r j a . 5. og. 122.
I'LT b o c a i i See bogay. I1 h o g u n - Ilcfl. f. (usnall!. uscd as Pass.) of
L) b o g u n Intrans. Conc. N. fr. h o g - ; syn. b o a - ; 'to he stra~iglcd',etc. S.i.s.~n.l.,w. some
\rp. b o g t m , but n ~ u c hcolnnlonrr. S.i.a.111.l.p.
phonetic ch:tnges. Uyg. vrlr ff. Dud. (Rap)
h o g u n s a r t r d t u r s a r 'if (a man) is roughly
n i t h sonic phonetic c h a n ~ e s .X a k . X I b o g u n handled and icts hinisclf he obstrljctcd' T T
nl-ngcn' 'knuckle'. also nrrlrribrr'l-qapnh 'the C'IZ 40. 19: X a k . xr a t bogundl: the horse
knots in a canc ; the - n is changed fr. -m; this (etc.) \\-as strari)rled' (ixtnnnqn) KO?. II 142
is pcrmissit>le (cri'iz); (Ar. parallels are quoted) !hogonu:r, bogunnrn:k): Ostn. svr b o a u n -
Knt. I 309: C a a . s v H. b o g u n (spelt) band to str;lngIc onrself', in one text T7'S I1 I 12.
rcn rnnj~oli'a joint or articulation' in the limbs ,

of a man, or the trunk (tnnn) of a tree Son. J) h o k u n - Itcfl. f. of b o k - ; survives in N E

1 3 6 ~ .13 (quotn.): K o m . xlv 'joint' b u u n 'Tel. pogrn- 'to bend (the knecs)', in renpect.
(i.e. b u w u n ') C C I ; Gr.: KIP. X I I I 'npdrr'l- X a k . \-r er ac_)o:kln bokundr: qohadn'l-mcnl
-nsrfhi' 'joint 111 the finger' bo:gun Hou. 2 0 , t f : riclahrr'l-~~rnhsri!a 'the nl:m drew in his out-
Osm. srv ff. b o g u n 'joint; knot'; c.1.a.p. stretched Ir)rs' Kog. II rqz (bokunn:r,
TT.7 I I I Z ;II 159; I11 107; I V 119. hokun1na:k; unvocalized and be' undotted).
b o k u n a xwrd without independent existence Tris. B ~ N
used as a jingle with bodun. N.0.a.b. Uyg.
v l ~ rIf. hlan. k a m a g y o k g ~ & a yk a p k a r e 13 bogundl: Hap. leg.; I'ass. Ilev. N. fr.
b o d u n b o k u n 'all (of us) destitute, ordinary
common people'AfIII 35, 1-1 r ;a.0. do. 34,g:
Bud. T T S 51-2 (bopun).
b o g u n - . X a k . xr bogundt: nra!firtottc'l-
-!rayneurin~it minBnyri'l-ndn~ni'the bladderofan
animal, but not of a human being' K ~ J 1449.
.
I
?F b a g n a : 'a rung of a ladder' or 'a step of a I) haka:iiak Den. N. fr. baka:; 'the frog' in
staircase'; it is not clear which is intended. a horse's hoof (the metaphor is the same as in
N.0.a.h. 'The word in KIP. quoted below is English). Survives with the same meaning. and
proh. not connected and seems to he the Monp. for 'one half of a cloven hoof' in N C Klr., I
word hnfonn (see b a k a n ) . Both this word Kzx. b a k a y and S\V Osm. b a k a n a k . In Kny.
and vatu: ha\-e a foreign look, but there is the word is in a Chapter listing words con-
no obvious foreign origin for either. X a k . taining -y-,and the original spelling must have
xr b a g n a : dnmcatu'l-srrllnnt 'a rung (step) of been baka:yak but in hoth places a dot has
a ladder (staircase)' Kag. r 434: KB $ a t u been put over the jd' in addition tci the taro i
k o r d i i m ellig a n r g b a g n a s r 'I saw a ladder below it, no doubt by someone familiar with
(staircase) with fifty rungs (steps)' 6033; a.0. the Osm. pronunciation; in the second occur- I
6043: (KIP. xv src'ha (several meanings, here rence this letter carries a ((Rmrnn instead of a
perhaps 'forked branch') b a g a n a ; T k m .
q a t a l Trrh. zoh. 3).
jnt!~n. Uyg. VIII ff. Man. (lung ~ a p b) a k a n a k
t u r k u r u p (long gap) T T I X 82: Xnk. xr
i
baka:yak ,,la hay11 zilfa-v lrttll di ?ill wn n!rod s ~ vb a g l r ditto Id. 33: xv ditto b a w u r ;
yiqqayi 'I-zilf 'the part within the clo\.en hoof 'Skm. b a g t r Tuh. fob. 9 : O a m . xrvff.
of any animal with cloven hoovei, and one b a @ r 'liver' lit. and as the source of emo-
half of a cloven hoof': baka:yak (so read) tions; c.1.a.p. T T S 1 6 8 ; I1 91; III 60; I V 67.
nrrsrSr ltawiifiri'l-xayl 'the frog in a horse's foot' b a k l r 'copper'; sometimes 'a copper coin', or
Koy. I11 177: O s m . xv ff. b a k a n a k common 'the weight of a copper coin', a 'mace' one-
in Ar. and IJe. dicts. translating words meaning tenth of a Chinese ounce. S.i.s.m.l. in most
'frog' and 'cloven hoof' T T S I 71; ZZ 9y; groups, but more often replaced by I.-W.S.
I11 63; I V 70. Cf. t u : ~ .Tiirkil vrrr ff. Yen. [gap]]: bak1:rt:
D bakanllg Hap. leg.; P.N./A. fr. bakan. ~ U ~ S L :erti: Z .
'his . . and his copper were
Xak. X I b a k a n l ~ gkadrg sayr dtc Iralqa 'a strap without limit' Mal. 26, 7 ; bagt:r (?sic) do. I I
with a ring on it' Kay. 1499. (kozgu:): Uyg. Civ. b a k l r is the normal unit
of weight in prescriptions in H I 6 ff., and 11
D b o k u n l u g Hap. Icg. ;,P.N./A. fr. bokun, and T T VII 22 e.g. b i r b a k l r 'one mace'; in
q.v. Xak. X I Kaj. I 4 9 9 (bodunlug). USp. 18, 50, etc. and Fam. Arch. bakrr fre-
quently occurs as a unit of currency, 'copper
D b a g n a l ~ gIIap. leg.?; P.N./A. fr. bagna:. cash', one-tenth of a s t t l r and one-five-
Xak. XI K B ediz b a g n a l ~ g m e n gatu hundredth of a y a s t u k ; a.o. T T V I I 42, 2
k 6 r d u k u m 'the high ladder (staircase) with (1 bo:k): Xak. XI b a k r r al-nu!uis 'copper'
rungs (steps) which I saw' 6052. (prov.): bakrr fulCs bi'l-$in bihd biy6'dfuhum
a copper cash' in China, their purchases are
T r i s . V. BGN- made in them: b a k l r s u k l m the name of 'the
D bognaklan- Hap. leg.; Refl. Den. V. fr. planet Man' (al-mirrih) as a simile for its red-
bognak. Xak. X I b u l u t bognaklandl: ness Kay. 1 3 6 0 ; 0.0. (suklm): KB yaglz ybr
~dra'l-rohlib qaza'lit 'the clouds broke up' b a k l r bolmagcnga klzrl 'the brown earth is
Kaj. 11' 274 (bognaklanu:r, bognaklan- as red as copper' 120; (if you do not speak,
ma:k). your words are considered golden) b a k l r
boldr tildin q t k a r s a an1 'they become copper
Dis. BCR if you let them pass your tongue' 1916; a.0.
4888 (suklrn): XIII(?)Tef. b a k l r 'copper' 90:
b a g l r properly 'the liver' with various ex-
tended and metaph. meanings, the latter xrv Muh.(?) al-mis 'copper' b a l u r Rif. 178
(only): Xwar. xrv b a k r r 'copper' Qutb 27:
mainly arising from the belief that the liver Kom. xrv 'copper' b a g l r (sic) C C I ; GI.:
was the source of the emotions. S.i.a.m.l.g., Krp. X I I I a[-nubds ba:ktr Hou. 31, 30: 50, 19;
sometimes with large phonetic changes e.g. b a k l r do. 23, 21: xrv b a g l r al-mis; b a g l r
NE Alt., Tel. pu:r, other dialects pa:r. See (VU) p g a n 'the star called Aldebaran' Id. 33
Doerfer I1 707. Tiirkii vrrr ff. Man. yerdeki (the latter may be an error of the author's for
b a g r ~ ny o r l g m a tlnllg 'terrestrial creatures ya&z s ~ g l n'brown maral deer'); b a k l r al-
that crawl on their bellies' Cltuas. 84: Uyg. -nu!rdsdo. 34(mis is a 1'e.l.-w., nuhzs Ar; in this
vrrr ff. Man. (gap) 6zl b a g r r (gap) M IIZ dialect of AT.one may have had another mean-
36,7 (v): Bud. b a g r l n y o r l g m a T T I V 8 , 58; ing, perhaps 'brass' or 'bronze'); a[-nuhcir bba-
a.0. do. 4, 6 (@la:-); (birds peck his entrails, glr (MS. yafir) and tu:q; al-nuhcisu'l-alfar
his lungs and) baglrln 'his liver' U I11 79, 4 ; ('yellow') yez; al-mir b a k l r Brrl. 4, 9-10;
0.0. U I V 14, 153; T T X 175 (sun-)-(his (al-dabarcn ya@z ( ? ; MS. y&ir) s l g ~ ndo.
sons and daughters, his progeny) b a g l r ~ 2, 14): xv al-nrrh6s ba:klr Kao. 58, 13; Tuh.
bijguki prob. 'his blood relations and relations 36b. 7; hawtin 'a mortar' b a l u r keli do. 37b.
by marriage' (see boguk) T T VI 105 (2 urug), I I : O s m . xvrrr p a k i r ('with p-') in Rrimi, mis,
124, 309: Civ. b a g l r d l n tepremig ig o l 'it is in Ar. rtrfr ('copper'); also in the meaning of
a disease arising from the liver' T T I 221; zang ki bar rri-yi mis nijinad 'corrosion which
(in a remedy for a swelling in the nose) klzll settles on the surface of copper' Son. 1261. 19
b a g l r ikisin y a r t u z birle inqge kinlep (there is no other trace of b a k l r in this sense,
'slicing two raw livers (?, perhaps a technical perhaps an error for pas).
term) finely with rock salt' H I 142-3: Xak.
b a g t r 01-knbid 'the liver'; and a man who bugra: 'a camel stallion'. The word was used
obeys nobody is called bediik baglrllg, that as a P.N. by the Karakhanid dynasty and was
is 'big-livered', and kabidtc'l-qaws 'the central an early I.-w. in Mong. as bu'trra (Haenisch 24)/
hand hold of a (long) bow' is called ya: bagrt: butura (Kow. 1166). Survives only in SE
Kaf. 1360; 3 0.0. of b a g r r (kabid) as the source Tiirki b u g r a Show; bogra/bugra/bugur
of emotions: K B o g l u m b u b a g r l m o t 'my ~ Jarring; N C Klr. bu:ra (perhaps reborrroaed
son, this fire in my liver' (i.e. dearly loved) fr. Mong.) and, until recently, SW Osm.
1482; b a g ~ r s a k n lbulsa ozug b a g r l kll 'if b u g u r . For camel terminology generally see
you find a kindly (master), be yourself af- Shcherhak 103 ff. and J.-P. Roux 'Le chameau
fectionate to him' 2609: xlv Mtrlr. al-Rabid en Asie centrale', C.A. J V , pp. 35 ff. See
ba:glr MeI. p7, 15; Rif. 141: Gag. xv ff. Doerfer 11 747. T u r k u V I I I ff. tit1:r bugra:
b a g l r cigar liver' San. 125r. 23 (quotn.): m e n 'I am a camel stallion with a herd of
Xwar. xlv b a g l r 'liver: the centre (of a females' ZrkB 20: Xak. XI bugra: fahlu'l-ibil
mattress)'. etc. Qvtb 24; MN 279, etc. ; Nahc. 'a camel stallion'; Bukra: Xa:n took his name
171, 7: KIP. al-kabid ba:glr Efou. 21, 13: from it Kay. 1420; ten 0.0. : K B t i t i r b u g r a a t
 318 DIS.
2312 ( 1 ii:~);l l u g r a X I I is
~ rncntic,ncd in R R h a : k ~ r m n : k ) : ( Y I I I ( ? 'l'cf.
) b a k r a - (,bf n
and Chapter IV, titlc: \rv 11Trrlr. folrlrr'l-ritndl camel) 'to I>ello\v' (lo): O s m . xv~rrb a t ~ r -in
bu:gra: itfellel.6, 12; Ri/. 77; (under 'canlels') Rrimi, faryu'd kr~rrlan'to shout' Sun. ~ z g r .15.
fahltl'l-darrcib(?) bugra: 70, r); 172: F a g .
xv ff. (bugra: 'a well known kind of broth 1) b a k u r - Caus. f. of bnk-; see baklt-.
(Q) which was invented by nukra Xan, who N.0.a.b. Xak. xt ol maga: kigi: b a k u r d ~ :
was the ruler of Cin and Xiti at the time of the anSara (omission) 'he made rnc look (at the
rise of the Salcuks; it was originally called man') Kaj. I1 83 ( b a k u r u r , bnkurma:k):
bugra:xa:nl: after him and later the xa:nl: (xrv A,lulr. urrtara bi'l-ta'amnttrl 'to order to
was omitted for the sake of brevity; it is made contemplate' b a k d u r - Ale/. 41, 5 ; Rif. 130;
with dough kneaded into thin threads' Sun. I<$. 131 adds that -t- tnay be suhstituted for
136v. I ) ; b u g u r (spelt) $utur-i hi ktihdn 'a -d- I)ut quotes the alternative form ac b a k u r - ,
two-humped camel', both male and female do. ntrt b a k t u r - , n scribal error?).
1 3 6 ~ 11:
. Xwar. x ~ vb u g r a 'carnel stallion' S b u g a r - See boRm:-.
Qntb 35: KIP. urrr (under 'camels') 'the two-
humped stallion which they mate with female 1) b o k u r - IIap. leg.; Caus. f. of bok- uith
Arnl,ian canlels to produce Bactrian cnmels the connl~tationof drawing in or contractlny
(01-busafi)' bugra: Ilorr. 14, 14: x ~ vbugra: soniethinp. Xak. xr 01 a t 1egl:rinden
fai~ltr'l-cairml;and in the Kitrjh Beylik bugra: bokurdl: ho/ta nrin qirrroti'l-farns wa gayrahi
a/-hrr.x!i 'Bactrian camel' fd. 33; 01-ratrtah'l- bi'l-tntr!rdbhdt aiu gayrihi 'he reduced the price
-hd'ir 'the rutting camel' b u g r a : Rrrl. 7, 5: of the hursc (etc.) as a personal favour or for
O s m . xrv ff. b u g u r (sometimes in xvrir some other rcason'; also used for anything
pugur) 'camel stallion', fairly c.i.a.p.; b u g r a that you bring down from its place (hotu{[n itrin
in one X I V text TTS 1 1 2 1 ; I1 172; 11' 129. irmirallihi) Kaj. 1182 ( b o k u r u r , bokurma:k).
VlJ b ~ g r l g , bogrul l'reliminary note. V U bugra:- the relationship between the two
Althorr<h thrsr ccords are vocalized diffrrently forms of this verb is morpholo~icallyobscure;
in the MS. the translatioirs make it clear that both are n.o.a.b., hut the first seems to be an
t h ~ yarr ety~nologicnllyconnected and the most earlier form of NW Kaz. b u r n - 'to fashion
(logs); to tjuild (a house) out of fashioned logs'.
probable explanation is that they are Dm. N.s They have no connection with bugra:gu:,
/r. bogur-, Catrs. f. of bog-, ~chicltsurvives q.v. X a k . XI ol y ~ g a : ~ bugra:dl:
lg f~azza'l-
only i t t NE Sag. poglr- R 1V 1266. Agenmal -xayob 'he carved, cut incisions or dovetails,
ronrtotation of 'thro!tling7 i s therefore indicated, in the wood' (etc.) Kay. 111 277 (bugra:r,
brrt the precise trleaning in this corrtr.\.t of al-amt, bugra:n~a:k): 01 y l g a : ~ b u g a r d ~ : frazza
trhirll Itas smrrol mro?titr,~s,is obscrrre; possibly fi'l-.xnyab 'hc niatle incisions or dovetails, in
'a hrrlgr' (irt the sertse of sotrrrthirtg prodticr>dlrj~ the \\rotid'; the originnl for111 (afltrhrr) was
~ . ~ r e s s iprrsstrre)
t~r or 'overfilling'. I t is not easy buEra:dl: K ~ ~ g .11 80 (bugaru:r, b u g a r -
tn contriJrf Ilrc second irreani?q of b o g r u l zuith ma:k).
the jirst, sonantically i! is eosio. to connect with VU bukra:- Hap. leg.; this is prob. the cor-
btigrul, (1.v. lcct form of thic verb, the -1:- in the Perf.
seems to be a scribal error caused by the form
V U D b o g r u g Hap. leg.; see above. Xak. XI of the preceding verb. Xak. xt a t 8uql:dl:
b o g r u g (MS. bigrig) a/-antt fi'l-girlira wa'l- bukrxdl: (sic) wn!aha'l-faras rua comaha 'the
-roa?b rca nn!~mihi 'a bulge(?) in a sack, milk- horse reared up and ran away'; this verb is
skin, or the like' Kay. 1 4 6 1 . used only in the Hend. (tnuzdaroica(n)) and
VLIl> bogrut (?bogril) Hap. leg.; see above. nnt by itself (irrrlfrirLr(n))KO$.III 279 (bukra:r,
bukrama:k).
Xak. XI b o g r u l (rri' unvocalized) 01-am?
fi'l-rri'rj'i'l-mol'ijn rcn'l-wntb ( A I S . in error I 1 b a g r l k - IIap. leg.; Intrans. Den. V. fr.
tohb) rcn nn/t:cihi 'a bulge(?) in a full food-bag, baglr. Xak. xi nr e r b a g r ~ k t t :la$iqa xti$irn-
milk-skin, or the like': b o g r u l (so vocalized) ttr'l-ruc~rli'l-rz'i' hi'/-kabid 'the hungry man's
ko:y al-ganomrr'l-liadi ibyo&ia !mlqrrhr~ 'a side.; stuck to his liver' KO?.I1 227 (Aor. and
sheep with a white throat' h'q. 1481. Intin. omitted).
VI! ?U b a g r a m Hap. leg.; so vocalized, but VUD bugrug- Map. leg.; Co-op. f. of
ety~nnlogicallyit could be a N.S.A. of bugra:- bugra:-. Xak. XI 01 ntaga: y l g a : ~ bug-
meaning 'notched' that is 'in ridges'. Xak. xr r u ~ d l 'he
: helped me to carve, niake incisions
b n g r a m k u m a/-ramlrt'l-'dlirrr'l-cri1)ayl
'sand (fi!ra=r) in the wood'; also used for competing
heaped in layers and sriiall hills'; the snnds Kag. I1 203 (bugru$u:r, bugrugma:k). .
hetween liP4gar and YBrkend are called
b n g r a m ku:mi: (sic) I<a$. I 484. T r i s . BGR
D bnglrcak Conc. N. Ir. b a g ~ r ;survived
trntil recently it1 S W Osm. Sanri 269; R I V
b a : k ~ r - 'to shout, bellow', and the like. A 1452 trleaning 'the point of junction of the
western (Oguz) word; s.i.a.n~.l.g. except NE pole or shafts with the body of a wagon'.
arid St?. O k u z xr tevcy ba:ktrdr: 'tlle caniel Xnk. xi b n g l r ~ a kakZfr~'I-Irim~ir'a donkey's
bellowed' (idha) Kas. 111 156 (ba:ktra:r, pack-saddle' Kaf. 1 502.
1
 TRIS. B ~ R
VU I ~ ~ r k u r d (of
a : hair) 'curly'; the fi)rn1 is with various colr~urs,prrdominantly yellow,
certain since it follows a crow heading - D - , with a black I~reast,which lives in the water-
hut morph~logicallyol)scure and with a foreign less stony desert (~ahrri)'(quotn.); also called
look. Survives as b u y r a in NC l i ~ r . ;NW bagrrtlak, in Pe. sangjikanak(?), in Ar. qafdt
ICk., Nog.. and SW l'km. and as b a d r e in SE do. 125r. 18): Osm. xv ff. bagtrtlak fairlv
'Tiirki; NW Tat. X a k . X I bugurda: saq common in Ar. and Pe. dicts. for 'sand
al-ja'rtt'l-ca'd 'curly hair' KO$.I 488. grouse', etc.; once ( I V I 19) xvr b o g u r t l a k
T T S 1 6 9 ; 1195; III 61; I V 68.
Il b a g l r d a k Conc. N. fr. b a g l r ; translations
vary but the general concept is one of a gar- D baglrltg P.N./A. fr. b a g l r ; n.0.a.b. Xak.
ment or wrapping to protect the liver; bagtl- XI bagtrlrg e r a/-rac~rlu'lladi 16 yanqdd li-
d a k which first appears in the medieval -ahad 'a man who does not obey anyone';
period is a Sec. f. Both survive in S W Osm. (similar Ar. phr. quoted) K ~ J I. 494; a.o.
only(?) meaning 'swaddling clothes, a girth I 360, 24 (baglr).
to hold a baby in the cradlc' etc. See Doerfer D bakrrllfi P.N./A. fr. b a k r r ; 'possessing,
I1 750. Xak. XI b a g l r d a g pudmtu'l-mnr'a or containing copper'. Survives in NW Kar.
'a woman's bodice' Kaf. I 502: xrv Muh.(?) L. baglrll R I V 1452. Uyg. vltt ff. Man.
(under 'won~en'sclothing') al-batil!dk baglr- (gap) b a k l r l ~ g(spelt p-) k6zliigler 'with
ta:k Rif. 150 (only): Gag. xv ff. bagtltak copper (coloured?) eyes' T T I X 63: Xak.
'a cotto11 rohc (penbelii kaflnn) worn over the baktrlrg 'the name of a place near BalBsigiin :
head and body beneath a robe' (cubbe) Vel. baklrllg ta:g cabal d ~nuhzsi 'a mountain con-
131; b a g r r d a k 'a piece of material or girth' taining copper (ore)' Kaj. I 4 9 j .
(parca wa bandi) tied onto a cradle over the
infant's stomach' Son. I 25r. 25; bagrltnkl D bugra:llk Hap. leg.; A.N. (Conc. N.) fr.
baklltak arxdliq (Azerbayjcitri) 'jacket' (quotn.) bugra:; 'a stud of camels'. Tiirkii vrlr ff.
followed by quotns. fr. Vel. with ctrbbe mis- IrkB 5 (bodlug).
read as cr6e 'armour worn in battle' and two VUF bokurst: 'a wooden plough'. Survives
Pe. dicts. in which the word is described as
only(?) in SE l'irki b u k u s a B$93; b o k u s a l
Pe. Sun. 125v. 6 (this suggests that bagtltak b u k u s a Jarring 59; an odd-looking word,
may be a I'e. corruption of baglrdak): with no Turkish etymology; prob. a corrup-
Ktp. X I I I al-krtltita (PC.) 'a woman's veil' tion of Tokharian A pydkuf 'a pointed stake'.
bag1rda:k Igott. 18, 15: xrv b o g u r d a k l van Windekens, Lexipe Ptymologique des dia-
b o k u r d a k 'throat, larynx / d 33-4 and xv
b o g a r d a k ditto Kav. 60, 15 have no connec- lectes tohhariens, Louvain, 1941, p. 104. Cf.
a m a c . Tiirkii vrrr ff. eki: a k t i z t i g b i r
tion with this word but are Sec. f.s or, more bokurscka: kalrnig '(a man) harnessed two
probably, errors for bogazdak a word not oxen to one wooden plough' (they stand still
noted earlier than X I V MtrJz. Rif. 140 (only); unable to move) I r k B 25: Xak. XI bokursr:
the same words (errors?) occur in (;at. xv ff. al-mdn 'a ploughshare' Kaj. 111242.
San. 136v. 11; 1371- 6): O s m . xrvff. bagrr-
d a k 'swaddling clothes; girth for a cradle'; D b a g l r s a k , b a g r r s u k Prclitninary note.
c.i.a.p. T T S 1 6 9 ; I1 g l ; - I I I 61; I V 68. The phonetic difference between these two words
D b u g r a p u : Den. N./A. fr. bugra:; lit. 'with is clear down to abotct X I V and there is no trace
a character like a camel stallion's', hence of the first word after that date. By about XIII
'violent, aggressive'. N.0.a.b. Xak. XI K B (if the second had become b a g ~ r s a kand ntn.ives
a man eats to satiety) kllkl b o l u r b u g r a g u meaning 'entrails' in NW Kar. T. b a v u r s a k
'his character becomes aggressive' I 126; a y a R IV 1566 and S W Az. baglrsag; Osm.
b u g r a g u 6166. baglrsak; a word meaning 'small pieces o j
D b a g l r l a k 'sand grouse'; presumably Dev. dough fried itt oil', tuhich seems to be the same
N. fr. bagIda:-, hut the semantic connection word with an altered mean in^, survives in
is not apparent. Survives in S E 'Tiirki bagltak S E Tiirki b a g u r s a k / b o g u r s a k R$ 52, 82
'the large sand grouse, Plerocles ahenarilrs' and N C K I ~ .bo:rsok; Kzx. bawlrsak;
Sharu 210, which is a later form of X V I I see Doerfer I1 797.
bagcrtak 'Tibetan short-toed sand grouse,
Syraptes tibetanrrs in the 'Five Language D b a g t r s a k N.1A.S. fr. bagtrsa:-; 'com-
Mirror', see E. D. Ross, 'A polyglot list of passionate, kindly', and the like. Uyg. vrrr ff.
birds in Turki, Manchu and Chinese' Mono- Man. b a g ~ r s a k l r n'Oh my kindly one!' M II
graphs of the Asiatic Society of Rengal I 1 9. 8: 12 (ii): Xak. xr b a g t r s a k kigi: al-insdnrr'l-
Calcutta, 1909, p. 287 (the sound change - afrifu'l-hafi 'a kindly, gracious man' Kay. I
-1- > -t- suggests nn origin further north- 502: KB b a g l r s a k idi (God) 'the compas-
west) and in S W Osm. b a g l r t l a k (sic) 'the sionate Lord' 34; (his tnanner was hunihle
sand grouse Trtrao alchata; the black grouse, and) b a g l r s a k korjiil 'his thoughts kindly'
Tetrao tetrix' Redhotrse 330; bogrrtlak (sic) 107; a t a d r n a n a d t n b a g r r s a k bolup 'being
kuvr 'a kind of partridge (fil)' Sami 316. Xak. by heredity kindly' 717; 0.0. 41, 317, 763,
xr b a g l r l a k al-qafdt 'sand grouse, Pterocles' I 133, 2574. 2609 (aslg$!; bagtr), etc.: xllt(?)
Kai. 1503: Gag. xv ff. b a g t r t l a k (spelt) satne Tef. b a g r r s a k 'compassionate' 88: Kom. xrv
as b a g r l k a r a Snrt. rzgr. 24; ( b a g n k a r n b a v u r s a k 'compassionate' (Gmnbech's 'be-
'a bird (paranda) larger than a dove, striped loved' is dubious) C C G ; Gr. 53 (quotns.).
 1) baglrsuk (?bagrrsok) Conc. N. fr. bajitr is poured ovcr it; it is then left to fcrnment, ;ind
'entrails'. See a1mi.c. CJyg. v l ~ rfT. Ilud. the solids arc eaten and the lirliiid drunk Kay.
(birds peck) b a g r r s u k ~ n'his entrails' U III 1423.
79, 3; 0.0. U I V 8, 6 ; TT X 548: Civ. ditto
I1I1 6, r I : Xak. X I b a a i r s u k al-mi'd"entrai1s' VU b o x s a k Hap. leg.; a mere jingle with
Kny. 1 502: Gag. xv ff. b a g l r s a k (sic) rtida a x s a k . Xak. XI Knj. I 4 6 5 (ax8a:k).
tcn am'd 'entrails' Son. ~ z j r .2.5: X W ~ Txlv . VIJD b o x s u k (?boxsok) 'manacle, fetter',
baglrsuk Nulrc. 12. 4 ( I bijken): KIP. xrrr and the like; perhaps a Conc. N. fr. boxsa:-
a/-mrr~ru'n'entrails' bag1rsa:k IIou. 21. 16: hut the semantic connection is tenuous. Sur-
xrv bagarguk (sic) ditto Id. 33: O s m . xrv vives only(?) in Nli Bar. poksak 'fetters'
to xvr~ b a g a r s u k 'entrails' fairly common; R I V 1265. Cf. buka:gu:. Xak. xr boxsuk
also b a g ~ r s a kfr. xvr TTS I1 93-5; 111 59; a/-err11 'hand-cuffs, iron collar'; bo@uk Itcta
I V 66-8. fihi a dialect form of the same; there are
L) b a g ~ r s a k l t k A.N. fr. b a g r r s a k ; 'com- siniilar interchanges of x and 2 in Ar. e.g.
passion, kindliness, loyalty', etc. N.0.a.b. xotar/fndnr KO$. I 465: Krp. xrv bokgnk
Xak. XI K R 595 (ugurlug), 608, 953. 1481, snyr yrr'nml fi'l-qncuri 'I-mrtruattar li-yrc'tntiiln'l-
5796: XIII(?)I>/. b a g r r s a k l ~ k'kindl~ness'88. -cdnihtr'l-mri'il 'a strap fastened to a bow when
it is strung to straighten a bent end' Id. 34.
D bagtrstz Priv. N./r\. fr. b a g t r ; n.0.a.b.
Xak. xr KR bagtrslz t u s u l m a z ogulda PU b u x s u m 'beer'; perhaps a I.-w.; cf.
'there is no benefit to be got from R son lacking buxsl: and begni:. N.0.a.F. See Doerfer I 1
affection' 2574. 723. Xak. xr b u x s u m beer' (al-mizr) 3
l>everage nude out of millet (01-dusn) Kay. I
T r i s . V. BDR- 485 (in a para. for words with final -M); a.0.
b u x s u n (sic) I11 234 (toma:): xrv Mtrh.(?)
r) b u g r a g u r -
Intrans. Den. V. fr. bugragu:: itabi~tr'l-jn'ir P U buksu:n (ytrksrc:n un-
n.0.a.b. Xak. xr K U oziig b u g r a g u r s a vclcalized) Rif. 161 (only).
bediitse boyun 'if you yourself are aggressive
and thicken your neck' 6369. Dis. V. BDS-
D b a g ~ r l a : - Den. V. fr. b a g t r ; survives VU boxsa:- the semantic connections be-
only(?) in NC Krr. bo:rdo-/bo:rlo- 'to skirt' tween this verb and boxsuk, and between the
(a mountain); I<zx. baurla- (I) 'to lie on the two meanings of this verb are tenuous; the
stomach'; (2) 'to' feel deep affection' R I V Cae. meaning would be more appropriate if
r j 3 r ; bnwlrla- to Rog a horse'; (of water) in that case rt were regarded as a Sec. f. of
bawtrlap (kat-) '(to freeze) solid' MM 78. *bogza:- a Ilen. V. fr. boguz. Cf. boxsat-.
Xnk. sr 01 ant: bagtrla:dr: (lo~ohahr~ 'alci Xak. sr 01 a g a r boxsa:dl: abri qnbril omrilri
knhirlilri rca kahnrlnlttr 'he hit him over, or ~ u n fi'ln (!error for fo'a1n)'l-fi'l kiiriho(n)
\vourlded him in, the liver'; and one says 01 he refused to obey his orders and did his work
ya:stn bagtr1a:dl: a~la[ro rita'cis qnmsilti 'he reluctantly' Kay. 111 284 ( b o x s a : ~ , boxsa:-
repaired the hnndhold of his how' Kag. III ma:k): v n g . xv ff. boxsa-(-dl) '(ifiqty trncr u
331 (bnglrla:r, bagtr1a:ma:k). firqatdn nfln- (of a lover) 'to weep in enforced
absence arid separation'; not used as a general
I) baglrlan- Hap. leg.; Refl. f. of bag1rla:-. alternative to a g l a - but only of a lover Vei.
Xak. xr ka:n bagirlandl: it'ancara'l-dam 147 (quotn. fr. Mtr!~dkamattc'l-licgatayn draw-
rca'n'oqada 'the blood coagulated and became ing this distinction); boxsa- (spelt) girya dar
solid'; also used of sour milk when it curdles grrl~igirih gngtnn az jiddat-i anbrih 'to be on the
(01-rri'ih ida xattrra) Kay. I1 264 ( b a g l r l a n w r , point of sobbing in the throat hecause of deep
bagtr1anma:k). distress', in Ar. grtssa; followed by a statement
D bugralan- (bugra:lan-) Hap. leg.; Refl. of Vel.'s explanation; other forms translated
Dcn. V. fr. bugra:. Xak. xr tevey b u g r a - irrsm-irdk prrdan 'to be distressed' San. 13ov.
landt: tnfo!rlrnla'l-mmnl 'the camel (colt) 18 (quotn.; thc reference to 'throat' suggests
bccarrle a stallion' Kng. I I I zoo (bugralanu:r, a connection with bogaz).
bugra1anma:k). VUD b o x s a t - Caus. f. of boxsa:-: pcrhnps
D bag1rsa:- Hap. Iep.; Desid. Den. V. fr. survives in N C 1<1r.buksat- 'to grasp' R I V
baglr; cf. baglrsak where the meaning is 1804 (only). Xak. xr 01 o g l r n ~ :1:gka: box-
satt1: /rarrtaln ibnahu 'nlz'l-'rctrtu,w fi'l-onrr
rnorr metaphorical. Xak. sr e r bag1rsa:dl: 'he urged his son to be insolent over the rnatter'.
i~tnhci'l-racrtlrr'l-knbi[i 'the man longed for
liver' Kns. I11 332 (bag1rsa:r. bagtrsa: also in other contexts KO?. 11 335 (box-
ma:k). sntil:r, hoxsntma:k).

Dis. BCS T r i s . V. B ~ S -
VU buxst: tIap. leg.; perhaps a I.-w.; cf. VUD boxsuklan- IIap. leg.; Refl. Den. V.
b u x s u m . Xak. xr buxsr: the name of a kind Ir. b o x s u k ; occurs only in a prov. quoted
of food (01-la'dm); to make it wheat is boiled under boglaglan-. Xak. X I boglaglansa:
and put in a jar with alrnond kernels and al- boxsuk1anu:r man tahawwara fi'l-urnllir cua
-talbina (a mixture of bran. milk, and honey) 'nsri'l-w~rt$irtrt&nllyndrrlrrr ilri 'rrnrrqihi 'if a man
 TRIS.
86v.: sv r:~rrlmbn tnino'l-hihn bagtqla- h-av. (spelt) grrlri rcn 'o1iq.i do7crihb 'throat' and
78, 13: O s m . xtv T T S I1 !,(agl:). 'cnttlc: frrddcr' (sic?) 1 3 6 ~ 12;
. ~ O ~ U i n Zthe
cne. equi\.nlent I I ~Riinri irogaqa ~jlrr. 26:
DF bagrglal- Hap. leg.; I'ass. f. of ba&gla:-; X w a r . X I I I ( ? tiil
) bogaz bold1 'she became
in a para. on fomling the I'ass. f . ; n.m.c. pregnant' ( I f . 64-5; 83: xrv boguz 'tl~roat;
Xok. X I a t bagtglaldt: 'the horse was given' the neck of a stringed inrtrulncnt' Qrrtb 3 5 ;
(rcrrlriha) Kaj. 111 344, 16. bogaz 'throat' Nokc. 18, 6 : K o m . X I V 'throat'
bogaz C C I ; Gr.: Krp. X I I I al-hrrlqiim boga:z
DF baglglan- I<efl. f. (used as Pass.) of Iiorr. 20, 8: X I V (bogag al-!talq, also b o g u r d a k
baktp1a:-; 'to be given'. Xak. X I a t bagrg- and) bogaz fd. 33: xv al-!ralq bo@Z Kav.
landt: 'the hone was given' K q . I11 344, 19
60, 14; hulqtitn bowaz (in margin T k m . ( ? )
(quoted as an alternative form to bagtglal-); bogaz) Ttrlr. rzb. 5: O s m . xtv ff.' bogaz
n.m.e.: Cnc. sv ti. haglglan- I'ass. f.; bax- (crnce XIV, hnguz I I 12) 'fhmnt' in phr. 7'7',S I
fid(r fr~flan
'to 1 ~ ~1ver1,
. forgi~.en'.5'<1?r.125r. 13 112; I1 158; III 107; I I J 118.
(quntn.).
Dis. Bi;Y
IJU bogay 'low'; n.0.a.b. Prob. the origin of
hfong. bogoni 'short, low' (Koru. I 160, Ifaltod
291), in which casr the 'I'urkish word must 'I'ris. V. UGZ-
nrigirlally have been * b o B ~ f i ;the suggested 1) boguzla:- Ilen. \:. fr. bo(i,uz; 'to cut the
parallels in fIiiert-ts., note 2091, are not very throat of (sonleone Ace.), slaughter'. Not noted
plausible. Uyg. vrrl ff. Bud. edizi hognyst before xlrl but see boguzlan-. Sur\,ivcs in
'its height and lowness', translating Chinese SI: 'I'iirki boguzla-; SW bognzln-. (Xak.)
hno hsia 'high and low' (Giles 5,927 4,230) X I I I ( ? )fit.boguzla- 'to slaughter' (a lamb)
Hlien-1s. 209 I ; a.0. do. note 2091 translating 106: xrv hlult. &baiza 'to slaughter' boguz1a:-
Chinese pei 'low, humble' (G'iles 8,759). MeI. 26, 5; Ri/.109: Gag. svff. boguzla-
dabh kardan Salt. 136r. 7 (quotns.): Xwar.
Tris. B ~ Y xrv boguzla- ditto Qutb 35; Nahc. 2.14, 7:
KIP. xlrl dohaira boguzla:- Ifou. 34, 4 : xrv
S bake:yak See bnka:Aak. bogazla- hitti. fd. 33: xv dabaha bogazla-
bi'l-i~,nci~n( ? meaning here; normally 'with
Dls. UCZ front vo~vels') Kav. 75, 4; ditto howuzia-;
bokuz (bogoz) 'throat'. 'l'he srcnnd vowel Tkm. boguzla- Ttrh. 16b. 2; a.o.0.
was very short and hahittrally elided hefore D bogilzlnn- Refl. f. (used as Pass.) of
Suffs. beginning wit11 a vo~vel,aud thc incon- boguz1a:-. 'I'iirku V I I I y6rqi: ykr y a ~ ~ t l r p
sistency between -u- and -a- in its later
representation sufgerts an original -0-. Sur- b o g u z l a n t ~ :'the guide lost the way 2nd had
vives in N E 'I'uv. bo:s; Sl< 'I'ilrki bugazl his throat cut' 7' 26: CaB. xv ti. boguzlan-
blrj3,uz Shnrr; boguz R$,r ( ~ r r i ~ r NC g ; Kzx, Pass. f.; Ll(ibl~
,crt(ltz~rSon. 1.36r. 22.
buaz; S C Uzh. bilgiz; NW I<az. bunz;
IvIon. BG
Nog. bugaz and SW Az.,Osr~l.,'I'kn~.bogaz.
Some of these words meall also (or only) F be:g originally 'the head of a clan, or tribe,
(of an animal) 'pregnant'; the conncction a subordinate chief', and the like. C.i.&.p.a.l.
1s obscure but as old as Xwar. xlrl(?). See from the earliest period, but almost certainly
1)ocrfcr I 1 792, 798. Cf. tamga:k. Turkiivllr a I.-n. fr. Chinese-po 'the head of a hundred
bogzl: tok erti: 'their throats were satisfied' men' (Gilcs 9,358; 'Ancient Chinese' (Karl-
(eating hares and wild game) ?' 8: U Y ~ . p e n ' pok). Survives with some phonetic
vrlr ff. Bud. kiqig k a r ~ l l n t rk~l s g a ~ tboguz changes (b-/y- : -e-1-6- ; -g/-y) and altera-
bag1 yok e r s e r 'if a small cart has no shafts tions in meaning parallel to the alterations ih
or throat hand' (i.e. horse collar, it cannot social structure; e.g. in the Ottotnan Empire
move) TT V 26, 116; yaitg bogazl (ric. ? it came to mean 'a junior adn,i~,istrativeofficer'
bogzt) todrnaz 'his naked throat is not satis- and fnnlly hardly more than a con~plimentary
fied' T T V I 14: Civ. bogzl 'his throat' T T title given to members of the gentry. See
17111 1.1; b o g z ~ n t a do. 7; bogoz iqlnde Doerfer I1 818, 828. Tiirkii V I I I beg is very
k a r t bolup 'if there is a swelling in his throat' common; the Tiirkii 'realm' (&I) consisted of
H I 187; 0.0. rz (agrr:-), 185-8: Xak. xr the xo3alt aud his n~inistcrs and officials,
boguz (sic here and elsewhere, not bogaz begler 'the begs' (one of the very rare uses
as in printed text) al-Iralq 'throat' KO$. 1 3 6 4 ; of the Plur. Suff. in Tiirkii) and bodun, 'the
three 0.0.; bogzl: II 290, 8 ; I11 264, 7; tribes, clans, comnlon people'; in the opening
bogzrn I1 306. 4: K B boguz 'throat' is com- address in I S 1-2; 11 N 1-2 the xagan's
mon 991 (Wig), 993, 1312 ( b o k u z u ~ ) 2096 , own family, b o d u n l m , various kinds of begs
(bogzt), 3797 (bogzum), ere.: xrrt(?) Tef. and finally Tok(k)uz Oguz begleri: b o d u n ~ :
bokaz (sic) 'throat' 106: xrv A,lrrh. ul-halq are addressed: vlrr ff. b e g is common in
boguz 11fe1. 47, I ; Rif. 140 (bogaz): Gag. IrkB, e.g. in 5 b e g e r 'a chief' went to inspect
s v ff. boguz bogaz !rulqlt~n nm'nCsinn 'throat, his studs: Yen. beg occurs several times as
windpipe' Vel. 153; bo* ($pelt) ,~u/Y?Wa the title of the person cornrnenlorated: Uyg.
11rrlqrirn ditto Son. 1 3 6 ~ 4. (cpotn.); ~ o ( ~ , u zV I I I beg and begler occur several times:
 MON
I b u k 'thicket' and tlic like. Survivcs in N1: tivc rcaditl~:hu a 6 s n u ~k a t l for brr r6z biik
buklpuk several dialects R I V 1394, Khak., kntr in 870 is obviously to be prefcrred): xlv
Tuv., and SW Osni. biik; the origin of thc Muh. fared 'to fold up' ('I'rans.) b u k - Rij. I 12
entry blik 'forest' in P. de C. 173 is obscure, (only); nl-tayy btikrnek Mel. 35, I ; 1 2 0
it does not occilr in earlier CaR authorities. (Mel. alsl~has culga- (cugla:-)): (jag. xv ff.
Xnk. X I biik 01-acama 'a thicket, brushwood' biik- ram kardan wa !ah kardan 'to bend, or
Kaj. I 333; 0.0. I 233. 27; 245..3 (ortel-); fold' Sun. 1 3 7 r 7: X w a r . xrv bik- (sic) (of
260, 1 2 (iirtet-): KIP. xrv blik a/-fdba the muon) 'tu set' Qrith 32: K o m . xlv 'to fold'
'thicket' Id. 34: O s m . x ~ ff.v bilk 'thicket' bUk- CCG; Gr.: KIP. x r ~ rfatoci biik- HOII.
in two xrv texts and several xvrrr dicts. T T S 38. 3 : xrv b u k - raqara 'to dance' (prob. in the
1 1 3 2 ; 11186; 111 123; I V 139. sense of 'to bend (the hody)'; unlikely to he
a Scc. f. of biiy- (h8dl:-), q.v.); bilk- jatnla
VU 2 b u k 'corner; the ct~rrierpost of a house'. 'to twist' (a thrcad, ctc.) fd. 34; p t o d btik- Bul.
N.0.a.b. Tiirkii vrrr ff. (a big house was 4 7 ~ r:v ditto I&T~. y, 7 ; 74. 4 ; Ttrh. z4a. 8 ;
burnt; right down to its floor nothing re- barnka (of a camel) 'to kneel' do. XI,. 6 .
ninined) biiki:ge: tegi: k o d m a d u k 'right to
its corner posts(?) nothing was left' IrkB y ?1: 2 biik- SCCevuk-.
(cf. 1 kat): Argu: X I bilk (11-zdruiya 'a corner'
Kas. 1333. Dis. BGA
Mon. V. B G - S bigi See ki:b.
bog- 'to collect, gather together (people or biike: although Krrg. says that the primary
things)' and in particular 'to collect, or dam meaning was 'a big snake' and that it was used
up (running water)'. Survives in N C Klr. metaph. of strong warriors the evidence points
bogo-; Kzx. boge- 'to dam up (water); to rather in the opposite direction. An early 1.-w.
hlock (a road)' and SW xx Anat. boge-1 in Mong. as bok6 'warrior, wrestler' (Harnisch
boye-/huge 'to dam up' SDD 224-8, 237. 17); survives in this sense in NE p8kB several
The verb seems to have become b8ge- in thc dialects R I V 129y; biikij R~rssko-alt. slowar'
medieval period; see bogtit-, bogiin-. Uyg. (s.v. silnrh); S E l'ar. boke R I V 1693-4 and
vrlr ff. Bud. tiire boge 'rolling up and gather- perhaps N C IGr. biiko, but these may be
ing together' (all my sins) SIIPI. 137, 4: Xak. reborrowings fr. Mong. See Doerjer I1 803.
xr 01 su:vug bagdi: 'he collected (qnra) the T i i r k u vrrr 1.x. 17 (alp): Xak. xr boke: al-
water and gathered it together in a hasin (sikr) -ttr'b~nri'l-'n~inr'a big snake', it is said in the
that he had prepared for it'; and one says b e g folk-tale (a/-majal) yeti: bnqllg ye1 biike:
sii:sln biigdi: 'the bcg asselnbled (cnrna'a) his 'a snake with seven heads' (ye1 is unexplained,
army'; the volume (kalm) of an army is con- possibly 'demon', see 1 y6:l); and warriors
stantly compared to water, for example one (al-abrdl) are called by it, for example one of
says su:v aktl: 'the water flowed' (sdla) and the great men ('lr~nmri) of the Yahikfi was
sii: aktl: 'the army strcanicd out' (sfilr~)Kay. called boke: (VU) Doprac (a long anecdote
II 19( b o g e x , b6gme:k); teglzni: k a y g u k l n about his dcfcat by 11rslan TPgin follows) Kay.
bogme:s 01-balrr la ytrskar hi'l-zaruraq 'you I11 227: KB b a k e yolclllg 'having a warrior
cannot dam the sea with a small boat' I roo, 18. as a guide' 2354; a y boke 3 545; boke ynvgusl
5523: Gag. svff. b a k e 'a strong man and
1 buk- Kay. gives two meanings ( I ) 'to bend, wrestler (palrlarctin tca kujfi-gir) who defeats
bow', and the like (Intrans.); (2) 'to feel aver- all his rivals' Son. 138r. I ('wrestler' suggests
sion, be revolted by (something Abl.)', but a re-borrowing from Mong.; see also a:la:).
later usages and the Pass. f. biikiil- show that
it was a Trans. V. w. the Object sometimes bogii: (bogo:) 'sage, wizard'; thc word seems
understood. S.i.a.m.l.g., usually in the first to connote both wisdom and mysterious
sense but w. an Object stated. Exceptionally spiritual power. An early I.-w. in Mong. as
N C Klr. distinguishes between biik- 'to b6'e (Iloenisch I 6)lbiige (Korcl. I 242, Haltod
hend' and biik6- 'to feel aversion', but it is 307) where it tncans 'a male shaman', as
unlikely that this reflects a genuine original opposed to idtrgan 'female shaman' (a purely
phonetic difference bet\veen two verbs with hlonp. word). Bagil: K a g a n was the regnal
different meanings. Cf. yilkiln-. Xak. XI 01 title of one Tiirku and one early UyRur hagan.
meni: korilp biikdl: 'when he saw me he Survives only(?) in SW bilyIi (spelt bilgii)
cleavcd to the ground and was humble, hiding 'sorcery, witchcraft'. T i l r k u vrrr Bogil:
himself' (latii bi'l-nrd oea'nuafada mutakarn- X a g a n T 34; T i i r k u Biigii: X a g a n T 50:
mina(n)); and one says 01 avdln biikdl: 'he VIII ff. hlan. Bogii Xnn TT I1 6, 33, etc.;
was revolted (ynbi'a) by the food, so that he a.0. M III IS, 6 (ii) (bogiilen-): Uyk. vrrr ff.
loathed it and was disgusted'; and one says 01 Bud. biigiiler k u v r a g l n d a 'in the assembly
tava:rka: biikdi: translated !i's eye ujas filled pf sages' TT V 10, 107; b6gii Kug Futsi
(imfala'a) with wealth, etc., 1.e. he was the sage Confucius' do. 26, 104; ~ d u kbogil
greedy for wealth' Kaf. I1 18 (buke:r, biik- blHglig 'sacrcd and with mystical knowledge'
me:k); u v u t bo:lup biike: turd^: translated Suv. 89, 9 ; 0.0. do. 137, 7; 174, 8; U I1 44,
'he was ashamed so that he was humble and 33(?); T e g r i B o g u T e g r i k e n Pfahl. 6, 3 :
hid himself from the people and turned away 0. KIT. ~ x f f .Urugu: KiilUg T o k Btigil
from me' ('ndzni) I11 231, I : ( K R the alterna- T e r k e n Proper Name(?) Mal. 10, 6: Xak.
 D I S . V. B G D -
XI bOgii: al-'cilirn wa'l-irahim rua'l-'dqil 'learned, O g u z xr (the Turks say bllgde: for 'dagger'
wise, intelligent', hence the Hend. bogii: and the O&z) biikte: Kas. I 31, 24.
bilge: I G j . I11 228; 0.0. I 428, 23 (bilge:);
111 228, 13 (ildiir-); 303, 9: KB a y bog11 .PU biigte: Hap. leg. and noted only in a Hend.;
183, etc., and a y bilge bogii IOI-2, ctc. are cf. biigtefi:. TurkU vrrr ff. Man. (if by mis-
very common; b6gU beg k i m e r s e biligke take we have done something wicked, saying)
y a k l n 'whoever is a wise ruler is close to know- buyan biigteg kllurblz 'we are performing
ledge' 254; a.o.0.: X I I ( ? )K B V P 01 BlniIJ a meritorious act (Hend.)' Chuas. 141-2.
bogiisl h a k i m i t u r u p 'being the saEe and
wise man of that realm' 27; 3.0. do. I I : X I V V U biiktel n.0.a.b.; the underlying meaning
Muk. 01-sihr 'witchcraft' b8:gl: M P I . 83, 17; may be 'mature'. Xak. ar biiktel e r of-
It$ 189: K o m . xlv biiguler 'the (Jewish) -racrtlu'l-rah'a 'a mature man'; biiktel a t
prophets' CCG; Gr.: KIP. xv si?lr(cHdG (Pe.) a[-farast1'1-ndakk 'a horse with a broad flat
and) bngi Ttrh. rya. 3: O s m . xvrrr biigl back' Knp. I 48r: K D (your stable is full of')
(spclt) in R~imi,silrr ma 6~visrirz'magic, witch- kevel tazl biiktel takt a r k u n r 'blood horses,
craft' Sun. 138r. 1 I . Arabs, horses with hroad flat backs and cross-
breds' 5369.
Dls. V. BGE-
PU?D bogtiir Hap. leg.; the id' carries both
D bekii:- Den. V. fr. bek. N.0.a.b.; cf. kasra and damma, but the latter must be
berk1:-. Uyg. vrIr ff. Bud. (all good doctrine correct if this can be taken as a Dev. N. fr.
is . . .) k u t r u l m a k d r n bekijdeci 'cunfirmed *bogiit-, Caus. f. of bog-, in the sense of
by salvation' TT V 24, 67 and 77 (there mis- 'a place where (water) collects'. The KIP. XIV
read bekiit-): Xak. X I tiigii:n bekii:dl: word for al-!ridcica 'a camel litter for women'
istahkatnafi'l-'riqda 'thc knot was firmly tied'; PU bogter fd. 34; Brrl. 7, 6 (mis-spelt with
also used of an affair whcn it is confirmed y-) is dificult to connect with this word. Xak.
(istahkarna) Kay. IIIz7o(bekii:r, bekii:me:k): XI b o g t u r al-hazan ma'f-wahada fi'l-cabal
K B (the tribal customs were put in order and 'rough ground, a deep valley in the mountains'
the realtn organized; the king attained peace) Kaf. I 455 (verse).
b e k u p 61 ull 'the foundation of the realm
being firm' 1772: XIZI(?)Tef. bekii- 'to be
firm, stable' 96: KIP. xrv (after beklberk) and Dis. V. BGD-
beki-Iberki- arc derived from them fd. 34. D F beged- Intrans. Den. V. fr. b e g ; 'to
become a beg'. N.0.a.b. Tiirkii vrrr ff. Toy.
Dls. BGC 24-5 ( E T Y I I 59; 1 u : ~ ) :Man. T T 118,4z-4
(erklen-).
D F begeq Dim. f. in -q (rare; usually affec-
tionate) fr. b e g ; originally 'little chief' as D bekiit- Caus. f. of bekii:-; 'to fasten,
a term of affection. i n the medieval period, make fast, consol~date'. Cf. berkit-, bek1e:-.
like begiim, 'my chicf' it acquired a female S.i.a.m.l.g. except NE, which uses forms of
connotation. It seems to survive only in NC bek1e:-. In other language-groups the words
Kzx. bike9 'husband's elder sister' and NW used vary between bekit- and berkit- and
l<az. bikef 'young woman, fiancee'. Xak. xr in some both occur; in SW Osm. has pekit-
begef laqab~i'l-takzhin 'a title of princes'; ?nd Tkm. berkit-. Xak. xr 01 I:$@ bekiitti:
hence one says Regef (perhaps Bekeq in he fixed (a!~hama) the business'; the original
Ar.) Ars1a:n TBgin; when it is pronounced u,sape is for fastening a knot (id5 yadda'l-
with -8- its meaning is yd rimayyar 'oh little - ugda) Kay. 11 309 ( b e k i t a x , bekitme:k,
chief!' as a Dim. f, of anrir, to express affection sic): K R (Aytoldi) bekiittl tilig 'held his
and tenderness ('atf ma fahannun); the word tongue1 956; b e k i i t t ~ i$ig 1580 (one h9S.
beg n/-amir has a -g KO$. 1 3 5 7 : Cag. xv ff. bekitti): xrr(?) K R V P b i r a n f a bekiitip
b6gef ('with -g-') duxtnr krz ma'ncisinn 'girl' y a k ~ nt u t g u n i 'he will take firm hold of
Vel. 141 (quotn.); bBge$ zan-i mrrhtara~na a certain number and keep them near him'
'a lady of quality' also spelt bhge Son. 1 4 7 ~ . 49: xrri(?) Tcf. bekkt- 'to establish' (Islam)
27; the ?inme entry reversed I&. 5 (quotn.). 96: Osm. xv ff. pekit- (?so read) 'to conso-
Indate, secure'; in several texts T T S I1 124;
Dis. BGD 11178; I V 89.
D bekiit Hap. leg, and quoted onlv in a Hend.;
Dev. N. fr. bekii:-; 'secured' .or the like. D biikiit- Hap. leg.; Caus. f. of 1 biik-.
Xak. X I Kay. I11 8 (yagut). Xak. XI ya:gllg a s meni: blikutti: 'the fatty
food turned my stomach (galaha 'a15 qalhi),
VU biigde: 'dagger'. N.0.a.b. See Doprfer I1 and I was satiated (tabi'tu) with i t and
746. Uyg. vrrr ff. Bud. (in a list of arms and had indigestion (2amita blayya) without my
ornaments: lance, sword, crown, thunder- stomach-being filled'; simrlarly if someone
bolt, wheel) biigde (iron whip) T T V lo, 93; gives property (md) to someone else until he
0.0. Suv. 28, 20; 544, 6 (bedzet-): Xak. XI has a surfeit of it (im~ala'a'apahu), the latter
btigde at-xancar 'dagger' Kay. 1 4 1 8 ; a.0. 111 says 01 meni: tava:rm biikiitti: 'he has
272, I : KB b u biigde bifek k l m eligde satiated me (oyha'ani) with property' Knj. 11
t u r u r 'this dagger which is in my hand' 810: 309 (biikiitii:r, biikUtme:k).
 I'rls. BCD Dls. V. BGL-
I'LrI) b u g t e ~ iI4ap. leg.; S . A p . fr. biigte:. L) biigiil- I'ass. f. of b o g - ; 'to l,c darnrned up',
'Tiirku vrrl ff. hlan. (if we have sinned against etc. Survives only(?) in N C I<lr. bligel-.
the holy prophrts and) buyanqi b l i g t e ~ al r l g X a k . X I SU:V bdgiiltli: icfanm'a'l-nrri' min
d r n t l a r l a r k a 'the meritorious ([lend.) pure sakr r~ttrrxida lahu run kalura 'the water was
Elect' Chuas. 66-7. collected by a basin (or dam ?)which was made
for it and grew in volume' Kay. I I 132
T r i s . V. BGD- (bogillilr, bogii1rne:k; mis-spclt with y-,
\ ' C i I j bugde:le:- Hap. leg.; Den. 1'. fr. which is an inipossiblc initial ill this chapter).
bugde:. Xak. X I o l ant: biigde:le:dl: D biikill- I'ass. f. of 1 b l l k - ; 'to he hent,
rcnm'nhrr hi'/-xnncnr 'he stahbed him with foldcd,etc.'. S.i.a.m.l.g. X n k . X I b u t l k
a dapper' Knj. I11 352 (biigde:le:r, bii$dc:- bllkiildl: ~~tqotrr'nti'l-.rri!<r'the hnllnh hroke',
1e:nlc:k). a1.w used t\31r11it i s bcnt ('r~/i/rrt);lntrans. and
Pass. (yotn'nddri n.n tri yotn'rrddri); nlsn used
Dis. BGL of anythin!: \vllcn it is doubled over or fnlded
L)F heglig I'.N./A. fr. beg. (ir/n"n!nnri ~rn'n'o!afn) KO$. I I 132 (bukiiliir,
1)17hegHk A.N. (sonietlmes used ;IS Conc. N.) 1~iikiilmc:k);0.0. I 4.77, 5 ; 1 1 285, 16: Fag.
fr. beg. 'These two words must be taken s v ff. biikiil- (spelt, also blikrey-) xnnaid011
together since to a large extent they have the wn tah jttdati 'to bend (htrans.), to he folded'
sarnc meanings, and in most texts the scripts Son. 137r. 22 (quotns.): Kom. xlv biigul- 'to
are too ambiguous to make it possible to deter- bow, bend': KIP. xrv biigel- (sic; 'u-ith -g-')
mine which word is intendcd. T h e P.N./A. sacoda run rafa'a 'acizotnhtc 'to prostrate one-
usunlly rncans 'havinc the rank, or status of self, raising one's l,uttocks' i d . 35: xv iniiodaha
b e ' , less often it rncans 'having n chief, or 'to bc bent, convex' (bilkrey-; in margin)
a husband'. T h e A.N. originally meant 'the bukiil- Trrh. 6b. 13.
rank or status of beg', or 'fit to hold such a
rank'. Later it came to mean 'a district DF beg1e:- IIap. leg., hut see b e g l e n - ; llen.
pocerncd hy a b q ' . Begljg now srems to be V. fr. beg. Xak. xr o l ani: begle:di: nosnbnhu
obsolete, but beglik with various phonetic ild'l-imam rea sommlfhti nnrir 'he appointrd
changes (see beg) s.i.a.m.1.g. except N E with him to be a beg and named him beg' KO$. I I I
some changes nf meaning, e.g. in N C Klr 292 (begle:r, beg1e:me:k).
bipllk is the nornial word for 'a government'
nnd Sly Osni. beylik often has that sense. I) bekle:- Den. V. fr. bek. S.i.s.tn.1. in NI-, ;

T i i r k u \.III t a v g a c bodunka: b e g l i k uri: N W and SW with various phonetic changes,

kul boltl: (corrected in I I to kllti:) 'they and wide tlc\~clopmcnts of meaning, esp. in
made your sons who were fit to he chiefs SW whcrc it is consistently bekle-, not
slaves to the Chinese people' I E 7, 11E 7; pr1:le-. Originally it ~ n e a n t 'to f a p t c ~ ~make
, I
rin~ilarphr. I E 24, I1 8 zo: vur ff. n e l u k fast, secure'; tlicncc 'to kcrp scc~rrc'and so 'to
iilgey o l beRli:g nl 'why shoultl it die? It is watch over'; thcncc morc intlcfinitely 'to
tit fnr a chref' I r k B j7 (scc k a n i g ) : Yen. watch for, expect', ant1 finally mercly 'lo trait'.
beglik k a s t [gap] 'his fanrily of chiefs' Mat. Cf. bcrkle:-. Uyg. vlrr ff. Dud. y a n t u t beleg
zti, 9: Uyg. V I I I ff. Iiud. b e g l i g (or -k?) tjeklep 'packing up a return present' Ifiicn-ts.
e r e n l e r 'rncn with the rank of chief' U I I I 1858-9; 0.0. PP 63, 5-6 (a&&): T7' V p. 16, i
45. 8: X a k . sr t a v a r k i m i g iiklise: b e g l i k note A54, 8: Civ. k u d u a iqin bekledi
a g a r kerge:yiir 'if a man's wealth acctrmu- 'stol)pcd up the interior of the well' T7' I
Intcs, he is more worthy of the chieftainship 103-4; b e k l e p 'fastening' (the d/ziiro!ri to the
than the ethers' (htr~cnnrclri hi't-iii~drn miit gusset of the wife's drawers) 1/11 26, I I : X a k .
fq.rihi) Knf. I 362, 24; n.m.c.: K B b e g l i k sr 01 ne:gin bckle:dl: !infn;n ?ir8trrliri 'he
'thc rank, or position, of chief' i s common, stored his property in a safe place'; and nne
r.p. beglik b u l u r 'he attnins the rnnk of s a p o l k a p u a l n bekle:di: 'he fastcncd (sndda)
chief' 301; 0.0. 430, 5 5 2 , 819, etc.; (the kina his door'; also used when one tics up (nrt!nqn)
hnd hi- r)-cc ;~nricars (ixcd on the \rholc s n m c t l ~ i nKaj.
~ 111 292 (bekle:r, behlc:-
realm) aqtldt a g a r b a r q n b e g l i g (sic?) me:k); 0.0. I 5 0 4 , l o ; I11 445, 10: K I I bill$
knpuji 'all the doors of the govcrnrncnr(?) b l r l e b e k l e b u hulmrq odiig '113. rncans of
Irere opcn to hill>' 436; similar phr. 554 (in knr~xvlcdge securr this oppnrt~~rrity that you
this passages Arat reads hekli~and translates have found' 161; (if the man \rho finds me)
'clnsrtl', but there is no evidence that such t u t u p beklese 'seizes and fastens nie up' 700;
a word existed and a P.N.IA. of an Adj. would o.o.712, I 703,2016: s r r r At. tilin beklegencle i
he very unusual): xrrr(?) Tef. (a Christian 'for the man who holds his tonpuc' 144; Trf.
came from the Christians of R n m and) a n d a bekle- 'to keep (oneself from miserliness)' 96:
begllg (or -k?)m a l i k e t k e o l t u r d i 'and sat s t v Muh.(?) hafiqa bekle:- Rif. 107 (in margin
in the seat of government thcre' 94; xrv sakla-): X w a r . xrv bekle- 'to hold fast
Mtrh.(?) nl-mszn7ururaaca 'a n~arried woman' (traditions)' Nahc. 207, 9: KIP. xrv bekle-
beg1i:g RiJ. 149 ( ~ W e f53, . 1 6rIenmlq). ' harnsa 'to watch over, guard' t d . 34: xv qn/a1a
'to store up' bekle- Kav. 74, J: O s m . xrv
D bcklik A.hl. fr. b e k ; 'firmness', etc. and xv bekle- ( I ) 'to keep (a secret)'; (2) 'tcl
S.i.s.rn.l. Xak. SI KR 2132 ( t u t r u k ) . prntect (someone .4rr., from something Ahl.) I
 'I'RJS. V. B G M -

in several texts 7'7's I 87; I V go: X ~ I I I fasten up (fi lrrl?) the horse' Kay. II 203
bekle- (spelt) in I(ritni, pn's ddffan 'to guard, (bekle$u:r, bek1e~rne:k).
protect' Snn. 1z6r. 22 (quotn.).
Trfs. BGL
D beklet- Caus. f. of bek1c:-; survlves in
S W Osm. with extenciec! meanings. O ~ U XZI D bogiiliig (bog6lijg) P.N./A. fr. bogii;
beg oRr1:ni: bekletti: the hcg ordered tha! 'magic, mystical', and the like. N.0.a.b. Vyg.
the thief should he bound and imprisoned ) ~ I I Iff. IRud. boguliig etiiz (a spotless, clean)
(bi'sti!~qi'l-liii run 1iuh.rihi); a n d one snvs m e n mystical hody' TT V 8, 52;bogtiliig e r d e m
a t beklettlm '1 ordered that thc horsc (etc.) 'mystical vlrtue' 7'1' VI 354 (and 350 v.1.);
should he fastcncd ~ r p '(hi-!rij?) Koj. 11 341 Kunn. 188-9.
(bekletii:rmen, bek1etme:k).
T r i s . V. BGL-
I> beklel- I I a p . lea.?; Pass. f. of heklr:-; D b%gille:- (bligil1~:-) Dcn. V. fr. bngii:;
occurs in a series of clauses,de.;cril~it~~ suffcr-
n.o.a.h. I ~ u tsee biigiilen-. (Xak.) x ~ vMuh.
ings of various kinds; no ordinary meaning of
q@,/q~k suits the context, and it is prr~b.a so!raro 'to make magic, bewitch' ba:gu:le:-
Chinese 1.-w. UyR. V I I I ff. Aud. (if they nrr Mcl. 27, 3; Rif. 1 l o (h6gu:le:-); al-sihr b6:-
giilemek (in error -mok) 37, 12; 124.
flogged with all kinds of whips and willox:
rods and) bekte q ~ g t abeklelmig e r s c r l c r I ) bogulen- (hogiilen-) IleR. f. of bogii1e:-;
'bound in . . .' Str?,. 117, 13-14. 'to have mystical wisdom' and the like.
I)I: beglen- Refl. f. I,: beg1e:-; n.o.a.h. Xak. about N.0.a.h. Tiirkii V I I I ff. Alan. (I have told you
X I ura:gut beglendi: tnzn~onccnfi'l-mar'n
these three divine kings' corning,
descent, virttrc) bogusin bogulenmekin
'the woman was married' KUJ. If 239 (heg-
lenii:r, beg1enme:k); a.0. 11 254, 3: K B in 'wizardry 2nd mystical wisdom' M III I j,
6 (ii): Uyk. v I r I ff. Man.-A vldya b6gulen-
3535 a passage relating to the activities of m e k i n 'its wisdr,ni (Sanskrit I.+.) and
t h e fickle world the Cairo MS. reads hirig rnystical wisdom' M I 21, I (ii): Man. [tegrf
beglentit k o r t a k l b i r begin oktyu t u r u r
burxan] bogiilenmek kut@ klvlg b u l m ~ g
t e g m e kiinde onin 'he make one man a
beg and summons a different beg every day'; (Hend.) bolgay 'he will have attained the good fortune
the Vienna hlS. has begleyiir which loolts of the n1ystic;ll wisdom [of the divine
the hetter rending; the Fergana MS. is quite burxan]' M I1 5, 3-5 (ii): Bud. (Kuan-qi-
different and probnbly'corrupt. -im Bodhiszttva by his mystical knowledge)
aIkunt kiiriir bdgiilentir 'aces all things and
D beklen- Refl. f. (sornetimcs used as Pass.) has mystical knowledge of them' K~ran.
of hek1e:-; scrrvives in STV Osrn,. Uyg. vrrl IF. 207-3.
Civ. t ~ [ n b]eklenme[kig] shortness of Dis. BGM
breath' H 1 12: Xak. X I heklentli: ne:rJ
istn!rknnm'l-yay' 'the thin$ mns firm, solid, D biikum N.S.A. fr. h u k - ; sumjves only(?)
secure'; and one says e r evinde: beklendi: in SW Osni. for 'a fnld; a skcin(of wool)'. and
'the man I~nrricndedhimself (tn!m$snna) in his the like. O g u z xr b i i k u m e t u k 'the slipper
housc'; also used if he was imprisoned (hrrbisn) (01-xtrfi) worn by women'; the other ('i'urks)
in it Kns. II 239 (OQII? follows): O ~ U XI Z call it m i i k i m / m u k i n , suhstitrttinr: m - for
beklendi: ne:g lirifizn I-~ay', yata'ad~f(itca b- and -n for - m ; 1 reckon that this is in-
In yntn'nddc? 'the thing was storcd up' or 'the correct (lnysn hi-somitit) hut the K i p ~ a kand
thing was in store'(?) K q . I1 239 (bek!enu:r, other confcderatior~s(nhlrif) call it by these
bek1enme:k): O s m . s v ~heklen- 'to hc name... Kal. 1 395 (Atalay, loc. cit.. supgests
solid, hard' in one text TTS 111 78. correcting to aclrif and translating 'tribes', hut
aclrif does not mean 'tribes'; in the passage
D biigliin- Hap. leg.; Iicfl. f. of bngul-. quoted. 1280, 13 (cquals 1334, 21 under s i k )
Xak. X I Su:v b8gliincli: istnnqn'n'l-ma' 'the aclrifrt'l-tnrk n r a n s 'the vulgar uneducated
water was stagnant'; and one says sli: hng- Turks').
liindl: 'the arrny ilssemhled' (ionnm'n) f i g .
11 239 (b8glilr1ii:r. h6gliinme:k). ?C hekmeq; (p-) 'syrup of fruit jtticc'. Sur-
vives only in Osm. pekrnez. Prob. a compound
D biikliin- Hap. leg.; Refl. f. of bukiil-. of b e k and a corruptirm of some foreign
Xak. X I biikliindi: ne:g in'n!qfa'l-,ruv' qua word, prob. Ar. (and Pe.) rrtrrzz 'rather acid'.
yrrfannA 'thc thing was bent (or folded) and See L)oerfer I 1 756 O g u z xr b e k m e s 01-rubb
doubled over' ICay. I1 239 (biikliinu:r, 'syrup of fnlit juice' Kng. I 459; a.0. 1 4 4 0 ,
biik1linme:k). 21 ( s . ~ . t a l k a n in n verse not specifically
described as O h z ) : T k m . X I I I al-dibs 'syrup'
D bekleg- Co-op. f. of bek1e:-; survives only b e k m e s (h4S. hekmq) Horr. 16, r :X I V ( ?Klp.)
( ? ) in SW Osm 'to keep watch together; to al-dibs bekmez(s) (sic) Birl. S, 7: xv at-gtbs
wait for one another'. Xak. xr 01 m e n i g bekme:s Konr. 63, I.
birle: bekle$dl: 'dhadn ma'i 'he made a com-
pact with me'; and one says 01 mags: k a p u g
beklegdl: 'he helped me to fn~ten(fi tafffq) T r l s . V. BCM-
the door' K o j I1 203 (<leu7 f01101%9):O ~ U Z DF hegimsin- IIap. Irg.; Refl. Sirnillative
X I 01 m a g a : a t beklepdi: 'he helped me to Den. V. fr, b e g ; (irregular, see a t a k ~ r n s ~ n - ) .
 DIS. V
word and b o g r u l (a shcrp) 'with a white neck o r komar '(the part) above the waist' Snn.
(bokuz)', which can he explained morpho- 138r. 6 (same quotn.).
lopically by regarding this as a Den. N. fr.
biigtir and b o g r u l as a similar Den. N. fr. D beksiz Hap. leg.?; Priv. N./A. fr. bek. Uyg.
*bogur, an L/R form of bosuz. Xak. X I vnr ff. Bud. (this girl hlamikii's body) bekslz
bbgriil a t a/-fnrasn'l-nxfaj tun kodGlikn'1- megiisiz 01 'is unsubstantial and imperma-
-~onan~~~'i-ngknlwa&nyruhu 'a horse with white nent' T T X 545.
flanks, or dappled'; also ysed for a sheep, etc.,
which is 'parti-coloured &$. I 481 (oghal. D ~ S .V. nr.s-
too, has semantic connections with ycikila ?E bliksiil- See bukgul-.
'.ide, flank').
T r i s . V. BGS-
Dis. V. BGR-
D btikseplen- Hap. leg.; Refl. Den. V. fr.
D *beker- See bekrii:, b e r i g - . b8kseg; the word is consistently spelt b6k-
I'Ul) bekrlg- IIap. lcg.;Co-np. f. of *beker-, siiglen-, but this must be an error. Xak. XI
see bckrii:; the first letter is undotted and the kr:z bnkseglendi: nohada fndyu'l-eciriya 'the
word completely unvocalized, but the trans- girl's breasts became rounded' Ka7. II 277
lation suggests that a word of this form must (biikseglenii:r, b6kseglenme:k).
be assumed. Xak. X I (winter says to summer:
'under my influence men and horses become Dis. BG$
active; diseases, too, abate') e t yin taki: I) bogiig Dev. N. fr. bog- ; 'concentration (of
b e k r i g k r wa ya~ltrbanbdcntr'l-rtcis wa lrrlzti- thought)' and the like. N.0.a.b. This word has
mtrhrrm 'and people's bodies and flesh become been taken as meaning 'wisdom' or the like
hard' Kaj. 111 278, 14; n.m.e. and connected with bogii:, hut this is morpho-
logically impossible and does not suit the can-
T r i s . V. BGR- texts. Uyg. v r ~ rff. Bud. (then the Bodhisattva
\:UI> bogiir1e:- Nap. leg.; Den. V. fr. thought 'from what origin and under what
biigilr. Forms of a parallel Den. V. fr, bogrek impulse does lust come into existence?')
a n t a g ogeli biigiis u r u p o d g u r a t i u k a r
have similar meanings in some modern lan-
guages. Xak. xr 01 anr: bogiir1e:di: 'he hit 'thus thinking and concentrating (on the prob-
him over the kidneys' (kalcihu); and one says lem) he vividly understood' U II 9, 11-12;
01 yag1:ni: b6gtirle:dI: 'he broke into the saklnq iize igletip kogiilurJiizni yiiz Sgl
enemy's ranks (daxala paffa'l-'aduww) on qastrlarda, b6giig iize kllrp sakrnclglzni
t o k u z bbliik nornlarda 'setting your minds
the right or left, so that he routed him with- to work on thoughts about the hundred odd
out meeting him face to face' Kaf. III 332
(btigiirle:r, bogur1e:me:k); a.o. I11 345, 28. (5,~rislrasand concentratinp your thoughts on
the nine sections of doctrinc' Niien-ts. 2056~-9.
Dis. B G S Dis. V. BGS-
L)F b e g s i g Dev. N.1A.S. fr. *begsi:-, Simula- D bekiig- Hap. leg.; Co-op. f. of bekii:-; this
tive Den. V. fr. b e g ; 'fit to he a beg'. Pec. to is clearly the right form; in the MS. the
Xak. Xak. X I bu: e r ol begslg hC&i ractil painma is struck out in two places and re-
).ir$bih xtr[tcqtrhu xtr/tcqa'/-icmnrd 'this man's placed by kasra; Xak. X I bekiigdl: ne:rJ
c'laracter is like the character of begs' KO$. III isfahknma'l-yny' the thing was thoroughly
128, 25 (s.v. - S I ~ ) KB
: a d i r m a z m e n begsig firm' Kay. I1 105 (bekugiix, bekiigme:k).
yz kulsrg klgig 'I do not differentiate be-
tween a man fit to be a b q and one fit to he D bogug- Co-op. f. of b o g - ; s.i.s.m.l. Xak.
a slave' 809. xr 01 m a g a : su:v b b g i i ~ d i :'he helped me to
dam and collect the water'(fi sakri'l-md' too
bbkseg 'the upper part of thechest; a woman's qarwilzi); also used for competing K a h I 1 105
breasts.' As such n.o.a.b., hut prob. the origin (biigiigii:r, bogiigme:k).
of Mong. bijkse (Flaenisrh 17; Kou.. 1252).
'This word is said to mean 'the buttocks', but D bukiig- Co-op. f. #,I biik-; s.i.s.rn.1. Xak.
retains its original meaning as a rchorrowing xr 01 maga: ta:l biikiigcii: 'he helped me to
in and also in NC Klr.. K z x . boksii, and bend(fj'atf) the hranch' Kny. 11 105 (biikii-
in at least one passage in the Secret History gii:r, bukiigme:k bi-kdf sulba 'with -k-').
this meaning suits the context better than
'buttocks'. Uyg. v111ff. Bud. (the 500 maral P U D bukqiil- Hap. leg.; spelt everyuhcre
deer were terrified by the fear of losing their with -s- but this is morphologically impossible
lives and lay flat on the ground and) [gap] and clearly an error for -8-; the s o r d is
igin boksigin (sir?) Bmgeklediler 'cowered obviously a Pass, f. and its position in K ~ J .
on their . . . and chests' U I V 34, 70: Xak. xr between borbal- and tiirpil- makes the
b b k s e g taribatu'l-ntar'n 'a \voman's breasts': initial b - certain, but it has no obvious
biikseg a / - n a ? ~'the upper part of the chest' semantic connection with any other verb in
Kay. I 476: Gag. xv ff. biikse ('with -k-') this section. It should prob. be taken as a Pass.
'the part of a human or nnimal body above the f. of bukiig- in the sense of 'to be bent to
waist! VeI. 153 (quotn.); bKkse (spelt) hiilcitnr breaking point'. Xak. X I ka:b bUk~illd1;
 tofozarn'l-ziqq 'the water-skin burst'; also prtrhu); sinlilarly if anyone gives someone
used of any container when it bursts or splits more food than he wants one says of him
(tnjnznzrara rcn tnynqqnqo) Kny. II 229 (biik- bC:l klldr: Kng. III 133: K B bClln bad1 'he
qiilii:r, buk9iilme:k). g ~ r d e dhis waist' 5824; a.o. 2360 ( y a r ~ k l a n - ) :
xrrr(?) Trf. be1 'waist' 06: xrv Muk. hnndu'l-
Dls. BGZ -run;t"walst-~,atld' bf:l ba:81: hfel. 67, 7 ; Ri/.
167: Gag. xv ff. b f l hornor 'waist' Son. rqgr.
F bekiz n.o.a.h., only in thc phr. bekiz 29 (quotn.): X w a r . xrrl(?) O#. 12-13; 33
belgiiliig 'clearly manifest'. As pointed out (altunlug): s ~ b6l v 'waist' grrtb 30; IMN 107:
in T T I S , p. 20. note 29 a I.-w. fr. Persian K o m . x ~ v'waist' (lit. 'kidneys') he1 C C I ;
pdhizn 'pure, clear, correct', and the like, Gr.: K I ~ 1111. 01-/~iyd$n'l)clt' (ku:$ak, ku:r)
or some cognate Iranian word. Xak. ~ I I ff. I
bP:l ha:&: that is 'waist-hand' (ribrifir'l-mjr)
Man. bekiz belgiiliig bolzun translates IIotr. rq, 3: xlv be1 nl-runmt Id. 35: xv 01-sn~r
Tokharian pnkri tdkovy ' n ~ a yit be manifest' bCl also used fnr nl-znltr 'Imck' and a/-u~nrl
TT I X 20: Dud. Sannkrit s~rprakdiifn'well ICnrt. 60. 18: Osm. s v ff. h f l (so spclt) 'waist'
rxplainrd' u z bekiz belgiiliig (spelt pekiz in several texts T X S I V 102.
pelgtiliig) k ~ l r l r n l ~ l nTI'
r 1'111 A. I 6 ; 0.0. TI'
V I 383 (v.1. I. 9); 417 (v.1.) V U b o l Hap. leg.; although (VU) o c a r , q.v.,
mny well he an Ar. I.-w., the resen~blancc
Mon. U L between this word and Ar. hnliya, which
F ha:l 'hl~ney'.Cf. m i r . It is generally agreed h-nj. mentions, is purely fortuitous. Xak. xr
that this is a very early I.-w. fr. some Indo- b o l a t 01-fnmslr'l-mrrhnccal 'a horse with white
European lan~unge,dating fr. a period when stockings' and nl-agarr~i'l-tntr!~accol 'one with
m- was so inacceptable as an initial that it was n blaze and white stockings' is crtlled (VU)
replaced by b-, cf. b u r g for m u r g 'pepper' o g a r b o l ; and stale wheat that has lost its
~1.v.'I'he closest 11: parallel is Latin mel; taste is called b o l t a r l k ; the same phr. is
the Sanskrit form is madhrr. Knj. describes used when it has been spoilt hy rain or
the word as Western, but the 4 0.0. are all moisture; and anything that has deteriorated
in quntns. of pure Xak. words. S.i.a.m.1.g. (halijvz) with agc is celled b o l ; there is a
S u v S r i n , KIP., O e u z XI ba:l al-'osnl phonetic and semantic resemblance hetween
'honey'; the Turks call it a n : yagl: KUJ.III ba1ij.n and bol A'nj. I 335.
156 (verse); 0.0. 11 267. 3 (suvlglan-); 354,
8 (yalgat-); III 103, 16 (yalgay-1; 338, 15 M o n . V. BL-
(ka$tkla:-); srlr(?) Tef. b n l honey' 90: D bnl- (ba:l-) Pass. f. of ba:-; 'to be fastened,
xrv 11~11lz.01-'nsnl ba:l Mrl; 18. 3; 66, I ; Rg. tightened', and the like. N.0.a.b. Uyg. V I I I ff.
96, I fig : Gag. xv tT. b a l nsnl (quotn.); also rind. (our t h o u ~ h t s love,
, and longing for you)
'a kind of intoxicant' (mrrskirfi!) made of k i i n kiinine iistelilr b s l u r 'increare and are
honey water Sopi. 1261-. 2 0 (the latter perhaps intensified from rlav to day' Iiiirrr-ts. 1870-3:
a 1%. usapc, illu~tratrd hy a I'c. quott~.): ( X a k . X I Kni. I1 2; (bnn-); the lanpuage sug-
S w a t . xrv b a l 'hnney' QtrtO 26: K o m . pests tl1.1t Kn?. [lid not think that bnl- still
xrrr ditto CCI, CCG; Gr. (and 'hers-wax' cxistcd).
b a l a u z ; a u z fr. Russian c~osk 'wax'): Krp.
xrrr 01-'nsal ba:l EIo~lon. 16, I : xrv ba:l ('with bll- 'to know'; c.t.a.p.a.l. Can he used both by
back vowel') al-'osnl (and b n l a w u s nl-jamn' itself and for 'to know (sonicthiny Acc.)'; In
'(bees-)wax') id. 35; nl-'osnl ha:l Rtrl. 8, 4 ; the early period the phr. b i l l g bil- 'to have
sv mtr!lnq nl-'asnl 'honcv in general' ba:l; knowledge, be wise' is common both in thc
'asnlrr'l-nnhl 'bee's honey' ar:u (mis-spelt positive and negative form ('to be ignorant').
rrrrr:) ba:11 that is 'pure honey' ('nsol nazif; Also used as an Aux. V. with the main verb
arr: 'bee' heine mistaken for a r l g 'pure'); in the Ger. it1 -u:/-ii: meaning 'to krlow how
'osnltr'l-qapzh 'cane sugar' in all its varieties is to, t o b e able to (do something)'. 'rilrkii V I I I
called k a r a : ba:l Kav. 62, 18-20; 'nsal ba:l bil- is common both by itself, e.g. a q a r k6rii:
Ttth. 25a 6 ; (fnmn' ( m u m wa) b a l a w u z do. bill9 'look at it (my memorial stone) and know
z1a. 5 ) . (what it contains)' I S I I , II N !,
and in
such phr. as bilig b i l m e z k l ~ i : Ignorant
bC:l 'waist', with some extcnsiotls of nxeaning people' I S 7, 11 N 5 : vttr ff. a n p : b i l k 9 (or
like 'mounta~ncol'. S.i.a.m.1.g. Tiirkii V I I I ff. bi1f:gIer) 'know thus' precedes the last sen-
I r k B 37 (brg-): Uyg. V I I I ff. Bud. bBlge tence of every para. in IrkR: Man. b i l l p
bognzga s u v d a 'in watcr up to their waists b i l m e t i n 'wittingly or unwittingly' Clttms.
and necks' .PP 36, 4-5; 0.0. U I1 24, I (ulm-); 196; e k i ylltlzlg iiq o d k i n o m u g b i l t i m i z
T T V 4, 4 ; 4. 7 (egin): Civ. s a y y a z ~ d abB1 'we knew the two roots and the doctrine of
y o k 'there are no mountain cols on level stony the three times' do. 159; a.o.0.: Uyg. v ~ r rff.
ground' TT V I I 42, 8; 0.0. do. 24, 23 (kolbrg) Man.-A b i l m e z kivi t e g '11ke an ignorant
25, 3 etc.; 0. K l r . tx ff Mal. 3, 2 (kB:q); man' M 1 9 , 18: Man. (if a man) b u m u n q a
lo, 5: Cigil (sic) xr bC:l 01-xdfira 'the waist'; sang a @ r u b l l m e s e r u k m a s a r 'cannot
hence one says ant: bB:linde: t u t 'seize him distinguish and understand words like this'
bv the waist'; and nne savs 01 a n a r anca: a g M 1 1 8 , 4 (i); a.0. TT I1 16. 38: Bud. bil- is
b&:rdl: bd:l k ~ l d 'he
~ : aa6e him so much food common both by itself and with an Object,
that his waist was filled' (imtok'nt xnwd- e.g. b i r bilge norn b i l i r e r ' 8 man who
 h I O N . .'1 R L -
knows wise doctrine' PP 14, 2-3, and in such organized the realm' N I ; both bol- and yok
phr. as t u y g u l u k bllgiiliik yo1 'the road bol- are common: rx o g l a n i m erde: m a r t -
which one should perceive and know' T T V mlnqa: bol 'my sons, come to be like my
24, 79: Civ. bll- is common in the same teacher among men' Srrci 9: V I I I ff. Man.-A
u s a ~ e sas in Bud.: Xak. X I 01 bllig bildi: (if a lamb or a calf changes its body and is
'ara/n'l-'nql ma'l-'11m wa'l-ltikma wa gayrahri reborn) a r s l a n og11 b6rI ogll bolup 'becom-
'he knew wisdom, knowledge (etc.)' Kaj. II ing a lion cub or a wolf cub' M 1 8 , 5-6; a.0.
2 2 (bili:r, bilme:k; the people of Argu: say do. 12, 10-1 I (ortuklug) etc.: Bud. bol- 'to
bllii:r, hut the other ('I'urks) do not agree with become' is very common; when used in the
them about this); bll- is common both with Imperat. form in phr. like kutlug bolzun
an Object, and by itself, e . g kula:k e ~ i t s e : 'good luck' the drift from 'to become' to 'to be'
k 6 : ~ i i : lb1ll:r 'if the ear hears, the mind knows is already apparent; also used idiomatically,
it' (yn'riftrhu) I 212, I, and as an Aux. V. e.g. e.g. (a monarch has need of three things, an
111 20 (yipgil): KB bll- jp commnn in all army, food-supplies, and loyalty; if he has to
three usages: X I I I ( ?At. ) ditto; Te/. ditto roo: loce the first two) b o l u r 'he can survive'(?)
siv Mirh. fahimn 'to understand' bit- Me!. (but if he loses the third) bolmaz 'he cannot'
30, 3 (Rif. 113 ag1a:-); 'arafa bll- 43, 9 and TT V 26, 109-10: Civ. bol- 'to become' is
14; 135; a/-ma'rifa b i l m e k 35, 9 ; 121: Gag. common; in such phr. as mags . . . bor
k e r g e k bolup 'since I needed, or came to
s v f f , bll- ( - m e ~ m i i ,etc.) hi/- Vel. 142; bll-
('with -I-') 'to know' (dfinistan);and in com- need, wine', USp. I , 3, the drift in meaning is
bination (with another verb) it expresses the beginning: 0. K1r. tx ff. iiq y a g ~ m d ak a g s ~ z
meaning of 'to be able' (qudrat wa tawrind'i) h o l t u m 'I became fatherless at the age of
San. 148r. 13 (quotns.): X w a r . xrv bil- 'to three' Ma!. 6, I ; 0.0. do. 45, 2-3 etc.: Xak. XI
know' Qutb 32, MN 173, etc.: Kom. xtv bil- bol- is very common, two or three times com-
'to know' and as Aux. V. CCI, C C G ; Gr. 57 moner than e r - , but as there is n.m.e. for
(quotns.): KIP. X I I I 'alima 'to know' bil- Hou. either it is impossible to decide whether Kay.
33, 15 (misvocalized bel-); 'arafa wa 'alima distinguished between the meanings of the
bll- do. 3!, 6 (ditto): xrv bil- 'aiima Id. 35; two verbs; bol- with a Predicate is normall>-
'arafa roa alima bil- Bul. 60v.: xv ditto Kav. translated by a single Ar. verb, but where this
9, 21; 74, 5; Tuh. 25b. 11; a.o.0. is not the case, e.g. I 4 4 6 , ,2o (bo$u:gu:) and
23 (tu9a:gu:) it is usually translated $&a 'to
bol- originally 'to become (something)', im- become'; In I 26, 15 and 16 it is translate'd
plying a change of state, in contrast to e r - 'to hano 'to be', but the context requires 'to be-
be (something)' with the contrary implication. come' (bolu:r, boIma:k): K B bol- is ve?
From a fatrly early date, however, bol- began common and seems to mean 'to become' rather
to lose its distinctive character and verge, at than 'to be', see e.g. 66, 113, 116, 1x9; er- is
any rate sometimes, towards 'to be', and when equally common or commoner; in the list of
solnr tenses of e r - hccamc obsolete they were planets, 131 ff., boI- and kel- alternative,
clsclnlly replaced by tenses of bol- (hut see both indicating a change of circumstances,
1 tur-). C.i.a.p.a.1. For unknown reasons the e.g. anlgda b a s a bold1 ikinq oQay 'after it
b- was elided in some Western languages at Jupiter, the second planet, became (visible)'
an early date, proh. through an intermediate 132: SIII(?)At. bol-, ahout equally common
fnrm w ~ t hW-.Today 01- is the only form in with e r - , sometimcs clearly means 'to become',
SW Aa., Osm. (hut not Tltm.) and occur? but sometimes hardly more than 'to be'; Tpf.
sporadically elsewhere, but only undcr the ditto but bol- seems to be less common;
influence of Osm.; otherwise the form is bol- b o l u r 'it is (possible)' 107: xlv hfuh. in the
with minor phonetic changes. Tiirkii VIII bol- introductory section (fifel. 7-8; Rif. 79-80)
is common and always implies a change of on the differences in pronunciation between
state; e.g. (the xo$an died and) bodunl: kiig the Turks of Turkistan and those of 'our
kul boltl: 'his people became maidservants country' (Iraq or Azerbayjan?) it is said that
and slaves' I E 20, 11E 17; it also occurs in some of the latter elide b - hefore (vocalic) u . 6 ~
the phr. yok bol- 'to cease to exist', e.g. and for aj7 kana 'what was it?'say ne: wold^:
tiirkii bodun yok bolmazu:n 'may the for ne: boldt: and for aj'f yaktjn ne: wolphy
'I'iirkii peoplc not cease to exist' I E 11, II E for ne: bolgay; in 19, 1 3 ff.; 99 it is said that
10: V I I I ff. (the sun rose) k a m a g uze: y a r u k hdna is translated by 6r-14 only in the Perf.,
bolti: 'it became light everywhere' IrRB 26; the other tenses being supplied by bol-; al-
b i r t a v ~ l k u :yiiz boltl: yiiz t a v ~ l k u : mil) -kawn b o l m a k 35, 7; 120; sam ma tnmmn 'to
boltt: 'one spiraea became a hundred, and become, to be complete' bol- 27, 13; 111:
a hundred spiraeas became a thousand' do. o:l- occurs in 24, 4; 25, I (107); 29, 10; 30, 7
32; a.0.o.: Man. nlgogak b o l t u m u z 'we but was prob. not in the original text: Cag.
have become Hearers (I.-w.)' Chuas. 176; xv f f . bol-(-ah, etc.) 01- V d . I 54-5 ; 01- jrrdan
n e d e 6 t r u yok bolgay 'why will he cease to ma biidan 'to become; be' also pronounced
excst? do. 169; a n t a d a k k s r e n e bolgay bol- Sun. 8or. 15 (quotns.); bol- ditto 138~;I I
'what will happen after that?' do. 172; a.o.0. (quotns.): X w a r . X I I I bol-101- 'to be' Ali
Uyg. vrrr the title of the author of the Sine- 47: XIV bol- 'to be' Qirtb 3.5; M N 17; Nahc.
-uru inscription was tegri:de: bolmig e l 29, 3 etc.: K o m . XIV bol- to become; to be'
6tmlq bilge: x a g a n 'the wise xagan who CCI, C C G ; Gr. 63 (quotns.): Klp. xrlr sdra
came into existence in (or from?) heaven and bol- ('wlth back vowel') Hmc. 41, 9 ; kdna
 DIS. RLD
to whet on a whctstonr, to sharpen' Sail. iinmlg a y tegri t e g 'like the moon-god rising
149r 27. from the clouds' T T I V 4, 8; a.0. V I I I B.14
(Un-): Civ. T T 1 5 (iin-): Xak. xr buIit al-
D bu1a:- Den. V. fr. 2 bu:; 'to cook', more -sahEba 'a cloud'; kara: built 'a black cloud';
precinelv 'to cook in stcam' (see bulat-). As a:k bulrt 'a rain cloud' (01-mum) KOJ. I
bulga:- became bula- in many modern lan- 354 (prov., verse); over 20 o.o., three times
guages, it is not clear to what extent this verb vocalized bulut: KB b u l ~ t kiikredi 'the
has survived, hut it certainly survives in NE cloud thundered' 86: xrrl(?) At. a n l g b a x -
Khak. pula- (of steam) 'to rlse in clouds' and qiglndln bultt u v t a n u r 'the clouds are put
N W Kaz. bu:la- ditto R I V 1836. Cf. bl$ur-. to shame hy his generosity' 57; two 0.0. (some
Xak. X I kuzl: hula:dl: inbn.ra'1-hamal ka&- MSS. have bulut); Tef. b u l u t 'cloud' I I I :
fika (?read w a gayrnhii) 'he cooked the larnh' xrv Muh. al-faym 'cloud' bu:lu:t Mel. 79.
(etc. ?) Knf. III 270 (bula:r, bula:ma:k): xrv 10: Rif. 184 (mis-spelt): Gag. xv ff. bulut abr
M u h . ( ? ) ~ a b a bula-
. ~ Rif. I r I (Afel. 28, 8 'cloud' Son. 141 v. 13: X w a r . xrv bulrtl
has bugur- (sic), nnd Ri/.idmarpin bl$ur-). bulut 'cloud' Qrrth 37,38; M N I r ;Nahc. 8 g
etc.: K o m . xiv 'cloud' b u l u t C C I ; G r . : kl;.
Dis. BLB xrrr al-sa!rdb bulr:t Hou. 6 , 6: xrv bulut ditto
balbal 'a stone pillar erected on a grave i l l Id. 36; Rul. 2 , IS: xv ditto K a v . 58, 4; Tuh.
token of a n enemy killed hy the deceased and 18b. 1 9 ;,<nmum 'thin white clouds' b u l u t do.
occasionally inscribed with the name of the 26b. 2.
enemy'. N.o.a.b., but survives as a I.-w. in
Russian (katnennaya) baba '(a stone) balbal'. baltu: (balto:) 'an axe'; in the early period
Ttirkii vrrr (my father the ragan died) k a ~ l m more specifically 'a battle axe', later more
x a g a n k a : baglayu: b a z x a g a n i g balbal generally. S.i.a.rn.l.g., in SE Tiirki paldu]
tikmlg 'we erected stone pillars, with (one p a l t u Shnru, Jarring; p a l t a B$; elsewhere
symbolizing) Daz Kagan at the head of them, balta. Uyg. vrrr ff. Man.-A (then the god
for my father the xakan' I E 16, I1 E 13; 0.0. FIorrnuzd split the fiend's head) o t t e n r i g
I E 25; 11S 7, 9 ; Ongin 3; Tolls $adln bal- baltuqa k11lp 'using the Fire God as an axe'
ball: balbal near I1 ( E T Y I 190); (VU) M I 2 0 . 13: Bud. SUV.544, 6 (bedzet-): Xak.
Igvara: T a r k a n b a l b a l ~ :balbal near Ongin XI baldu: (sic) al-fa's 'axe' K q . 1 418; a.0.
(do. 131): vrrr ff. Yen. ttirk x a n balball: I11 421, 25: K B k a y u s ~s e r i g d e k ~ l r qb a l d u
Mal. 32, ro (the other supposed occurrences y 8 r 'some men suffer sword and axe (wounds)
in Mal. are very dubious). in the ranks' 1736; a.0. 2141: XIII(?) Tef.
b a l t a 'axe' 90: xrv M u h . ( ? ) al-labor 'axe'
balta: Rif. 169 (only): Gag. xvff. baltu
T r i s . BLB balta tabar ma'nlrsina Vel. 133 (quotn.);
S bilewii: See bileell:. b a l t u tobar, in Ar. fa's San. 126v. 7 (same
quotn.) : O g u z xr otu:g kese:si: baldu: 'an axe
C F balavuz See ba:l. (fa's) for cutting firewood' K a j . I 1 4 , ~n.m.e.:
;
X w a r . X I V b a l t a 'axe' Quib 26: K o m . xrv
Dis. BLC 'small axe' b a l t a C C I ; Gr.: KIP. xrv balta:
balqlk 'mud'. K a ~ . ' sdescription of the \rrord 'an axe (of-fa's)used for chopping firewood' Id.
as O i u z is odd; it occurs in a Xak. quotn. 36: xv al-fa's balta: K a v . 64, I ; Tuh. 28a. 2.
in Kay. and in later Xak. languages and
s.i.a.tn.l.g., w. various phonetic changes, and baldrr, etc. Preliminary note. Ka$. mmtions
metatheses of -q- and -k. Cf. 3 balrk, 2 titig. jive different rcords with these consonantt
O g u z X I balqik 01-wahl 'liquid mud' K I I J .I variously vocalized, of which the last two present
467; 8.0. in a verse certainly Xak. I 248, 3 no particrrlar problems. The first is mentioned
(yugrul-): xrrr(?) Tef. balqlk 'clay' 90: xrv twice, ihe second twice, and the third three times
Mrrh. 01-tin 'mud' bn:Iqlk iMeI. 59, 9 ; Rif. followed by the sentence wa hidihi'l-arba'a bi-
158; al-tin balqlk; iinu'l-ra's b a : ~balqlk; -igbi'i'l-hi' 'and thesefour have back uo~*els';the
al-u$ndn 'alkali1( ?, M S S . a/-asydn, unvocalized) problem is which four ? The first word seems to be
kara: balqrk 75,, I ; 178: Gag. xv ff. palqlg
(so spelt) gil 'mud ; in Ar. zoahl Sun. 127r. I : identical with the well-knozon rcrnd beltir, there
K o m . xrv 'mud' balquk C C I ; G r . : KIP. xrrr is no dificuify about the dtfference beru~een-d-
01-tin ba:lqlk (-c-) Hoir. 24, I 3; b a l q ~ k(-6.) and -t-, cf. baltu:, Kag. baldu:; the 'four'
do. 42, I : XIV balqlk al-!in i d . 36; Bul. 4, therefore which have back vozcels seem io be the
10:xv 01-tin balgik K a v . 58, 14; Tuh. 23b. 6. second word, i l ~ etwo mentions being taken ar
identical, and the three occurrences of the third.
Dis. BLD These tmo words therefore, which are pec. to
built 'cloud'; s.i.a.m.l.g., usually as bulut. K a f . , can be taken as baldlr. There is another
See Doerfer I1 771. Tiirkil VIII ff. (men were well-known word b a l t l r not mentioned by Kag.
bad-tempered and the sky cloudy) bulitl: (so
read) a:ra: ktin tugmi:$ 'the sun rose among 1 b a l d l r Hap. leg.; cf. baldlz. Xak. xr
the clouds' ZrkB 52; a.o. 53: Uyg. vrrr ff. b a l d ~ rogul al-rabib 'step-son' (or 'foster-
Man. boz bulrt 'a grey cloud' M 1 1 11, child'?); b a l d ~ kl:z
r al-rabiba 'step-daughter'
19; a.0. do. 16 (tollllg): Bud. kalti bulittin (ditto) K a f . 1456.
 DIS.
2 baltllr I lap. Icu., hut perhaps a mi$-spelling \'U bultlur a reduplicated onfrmatcrpoeic of
or Sec. f. of b ~ l d r r ,which seems to be con- ; type cwnn1on in 'l'urkish languaaes; the
nected semantically. Xak. X I b a l d ~ tra r i g al- only direct parallel seems to I,e NC Kzx.
-zar'u'llndi !rurrtn fi ibtidd'i'l-robi' wa &ilika b u l d u r b u l d u r 'glittering' or 'rapidly,
azkd laku 'a crop which is sown in the be- noisily' R I V 1853 (not in n11l.I); cf. also
sinning of the spring, and that is the most S W Osm, gilldur. Xak. xrt a:$ kudugka:
thriving sort'; and anything that is done dt the tligti: b u l d u r b u l d u r Cttl: 'the stone fell
first possible opportunity (fi ibfidd' nrudnihi) down the cvcll and the noise of its fall rose like
is c~lledbaldir; and one says b a l d l r kuzt: this onomatopr~eic'(mill hddrlri'l-llil<liyu)Kai.
for 'a larnh horn at the beginning of the lamb- 1456.
ing season' ( f i ihtidi'i'l-noia'r) KO$.I 456.
bald12 'a m;ln'a wife's younaer sistcr'. Survivcs
b a l t ~ rproperly 'tlie calf of the Icg'; in some in this meanina in N W ]<ax. trnd S W AT.,
mndern languages othcr adjacent parts of Osrn., Tktl,., and also in NC I<rr., I<zx. but
the lep. S.i.a.ni.1.y. except St*:(?) with some accord in^ tn MM 68 i l l Kxx. it also rnrarls
phonetic changrs. l i y k . ~ I I tf.I Civ. (on the 'yuur~aer sistcr' and cven 'brother-ill-law'.
,>
second day it is in the heel) ii$ y a g ~ d abaltlr- I he last usage must t,c quite nloderti, hut the
d a 'on the third in the calf' T7' VII 20, 5 4 : use of the phr. e k e bald12 in Uyi. directly
(Xak.) srv Alrclr.( ?) lairmu'l-sdq 'the fleshy parnllcl to Pq1 Ini suggcsts that it was also
part of thc (lower) leg' b a : l t ~ rH i / . 142 (only): sornctin~esusrd in the sense of 'youtiger sister'
F a g . rv ff. baltlr gri$i-i nrrrm hi [iar qnlnm-i even in Uyk. Uyg. vrIr ff. Bud. S~iv.554, 15-
p i bci$nd 'the snft flesh on the shin-bone'; 16 (eke:): Xak. xr bald12 uxtu'l-t~rar'aii'l-
Nasiri ~nistrnnslated it as rdn 'thigh' Son. -!utrfi 'a nail's) wife's younger sister'; a man's f
127' 2: KIP. X I I I al-dq balfir (misvocalized slster is callcd slg11, riot bald12 KO$. I 457;
bo/!ar) lforc. 21, 6: xrv b a l t l r lalrtnafu'l-sriq a.o. I11 7 (yurq): xrrl(?) Trf. 72 (eke:), 90: s r v
Id. 36: s v al-siq balftr Knv. 61, 7; Tuh.. RItck.(?) rtxfri'l-mar'a ba:ldu:z Rif. 144 (only).
18b. 13.
Dis. V. BLD-
beltlr 'the junction of two or more roads or
rivers'. An early I.-w. in Mong. as bel~ir 1)?F bllet- Caus. f. of bile:-. Survives in SW
(Ifaenisch 14, Koru. 1116, the -r- implies -t- Osm. Xak. xr 01 bi$e:k bllettl: asnnna (MS.
not -d-). Survives in NE several dialects here amarm, but nsotrna in R.o.) 'I-sihhin rua
peltir R I V 1246; Khak. pfltir; Tuv. beldir. amara bi-inrhdyihi 'ol(i'1-nrLonn 'he had tlie
Uyg. vrrl (I spent the summer there, west of knife whetted nnd ordered that it ~hrruldhe
Iduk I3q) yavaq (VU) toku* be1tiri:nte: 'at sharpened on the whetstone' h-I(& 11 310
the junction of the Yava~and Toku? (rivers)' (blletu:r, b1letme:k); a.o. U 325, 16.
$11. E 9 ; 3.0. S ro (6rgl:-): vrll ff. Bud. D bulat- Caus. f. of bu1a:-; Hnp. leg.? (see
b a l k ortusindn beltirde 'at a cross-roads
bu1a:-); the translation shows that this is
in the middle of the town' PP 70, 5; 0.0. a CIIIIS.f. a11d the stntelnelit that the fnmi \\,as I
U I V 8, 3 and 13 ( I 1 I 3 9 , 3 and 13); ffiien-lr. originally hri:lnd- arises fr. a false nnnlogy with
1y39: Civ. tiirt beltirindeki t o p r a k 'earth
Ilen. V.s in -I$-. Xak. X I 01 k u : z ~ :b u l a t t ~ :
from the junction of four roads' H 1 114; (if
amara bi-tabxi'l-[romal 'f i brcxdri'l-qiclr 'he
a man unfit to be a beg becomes a beg) beltir
s a y u berge s a l i ~ r'he lays on the whip at ordered that the lamb should be cooked in
the steam of the cooking pot'; also used of
every cross-roads' T T VII 42, 5: Xak. XI
beldir ra'nrc'l-cnbol 'the crest or a mountain' anything that is cooked in the steam of the
cooking pot; bu:la:dtl: a~l(trh~i) fn-i~udifati'l-
(i.c, the point where the slopes on each side -cudnu ia!Jifo(n) was the original form; then
meet); one says ta:g beldiri: Kaj. 1456.
the (long) rcdw was elided to shorten it (fa-
~ r year'; Radloff's suggestion that it -1rd2ima 'and it mas contracted' is added be-
b ~ l d 'last
is a crasis of the purely modern phr. bir jvI tween the lines, perhaps later) Kay. 11 310
rirr is, of course, preposterous. Survives in (bulatu:r, bu1atmn:k).
YE illt., 'I'cl. p i l t ~ R
r I V 1315; Khak. p ~ l t i r ; D bulduk- (bultuk-) 'to be found', ete.; Pass.
NC Klr., Kzx. b ~ l t ~Sr C; b u l t u r NW Knz. f.s of bul-. N.o.8.b. 'Uyg. V I I I ff. Dud. (the
blltir; S\V At., Tkm. blldir, Osm. b i l d ~ r . passion of love) o l a r d a a r r t i b u l t u k m a z 'is
It is an open question whether S E Tiirki never found among them' T T V, p. 16, note
baldir/baldur, etc. Sharu 45 ; BS 5s ;Jarring .439, 1. 4 ; a.o. VI 386 (btigsiz): Civ. Cnqgiig
47 'before, formerly, earlier' is a survival of r n e ~ i gb u l t u k m n z 'you do not find peace or
this word or 2 'baldir but suggests that they joy' T T I 21-2: Xak. xr bulduktr: ne:g
may originally have been identical. Xak. XI runcida'l-jay' 'the thing was found' KO?. II
b~ld~ 01-'dm~r'l-mddi
r 'last year' Kay. 1 456: 227 (bulduka:r, bu1dukma:k).
Gag. xv ff. b l l t u r pdr-sa'l ditto Sam 1 4 9 ~ 13
.
(quotn.): KIP. xrrr al-'rimri'l-mddi b ~ l f l Horc.
r D biltiir- Caus. f. of bil-; 'to make (some-
28, 7 : xv ditto Id. 36; 01-'dmiiil-awwal bal- thing Acc.) known (to someone Dat.)'; to
tur(d) (sic) Bul. 13, 14: xv ol-sanatu'l- inform (someone of something). S.i.a.m.1.p..
-midiyo bilflr y11 Kav. 36, 12; sana (y11wa) w. minor phoneticchanges. Cf. blldtiz-. Uyg.
blltlr Tich. 19h. r r ; mddi b ~ l f t do.r 35a 9: vrrl ff. MM. a v q t a m u r m g e k l n biltlir-
O s m . xrv b u l d u r in one text; xv ff. b ~ l d l r tligiiz 'you hare made known the pains of the
in several dicts. TTS I I 136; I11 89; 117 99. nvici (San~krit) hell' T T I11 58-9: Bud.
biltiirmetlln 'without infornmin~'v.1. in TT under which this is thc only word, is ohviously
VI 355 (bildiiz-): Xak. X I 01 m a g a : I:? an error, prob. fur -'I'- or possibly -B-).
biltiirdl: 'arrafani'l-awir wa o'larnanihi 'hc
made the matter known to me and informed
me of it' Kaj. II 176 (biltiiriir, bi1tiirme:k): D bulltsiz I'riv. N./rZ. fr. b u l ~ t 'cloudless'.
;
K B bill$ bildiiriir 'he disseminates know- N.0.a.h. U y e . v r ~ l f f .Bud. a n a b r a k a t l ~ g
ledge' 398: x111(?) At. bill$ bildiirur 107; b u l ~ t s l z tegri yerlnde 'in the cloudless
Tef.bildur-/biltiir- ditto 101-2: F a g . xv ff. heaven called Anabhraka' (Sanskrit 'cloud-
bildiir- Caus. f.; fahmdnidan %,a wio'ltim less') Srrrr. 143, 1 1-12.
kardan 'to inform, make known' San. 1 4 8 ~l.o
(quotns.): Xwar. X I I I blldiir- ditto 'Ali 37: T r i s . V. BLD-
XIII(?)ditto OR. 104 (bit{:-); 323: Kom.
x ~ v'to make known' blldir- CCG; G'r. 58 D b u l ~ t l a n -Refl. Den. V. fr. b u l ~ t ;'to he
(quotns.): Ktp. s v hlye ildirdlrn a t n l cloudy, overcast'. Survives in SW Osm.
oyerlenlptlr ' I informed &e h q that the bulutlan-. Xak. X I k6:k bul~tlandl:#tima-
home was saddled' Tirh. 70h. lo. ti'l-samci' 'the sky w a g cloudy' Kar. I1 264
(bulrtlanu:r, bu11tlanma:k): KIP. xv gay-
1) bultur- Caus. f. of buI-; 'to make, or yamd bulutlan- Tirh. 27a. 8.
let (someone Do!.) find (something Arc.)'.
N.0.a.b.; the parallel Caus. f. of bol- s.i.s.n~.l. Mon, ~LT:
but is not notcd before I<rp. x ~ vfd, 35 and S balk See 3 balfk.
perhaps C a b xv tf. Sun. rqov. 6, the transla-
tion given' here, howevcr, does not really suit Dis. B1.c
either word. The entry in Bui. secms to belong
here. Cf. bulduz-. Uyg. VIII ff. Man. (you (V)ba:lrg 'n-oundcd'; P.N./A. fr. *be:, which
.
have shown us . . you have erected . . .[gap]) is also the basis of 2 b a : ~and ba:llk-. Sur-
vives in NE, most dialects, palig/palu:
bulturtuguz 'you have made us find' T T 111
55: Bud. tlnllk oglanroa bulturayln nlr- 'wound, sa,ellingSR I V 1168; Khak. pal@;
vantg 'let me cause (or hclp?) the children of Tuv. b a l ~ g .Tiirku VIII ff. Man. (our souls,
men to find wironna' T T VII 40, 142: KIP. fighting with sin and devilry) ballg bagllg
xrv kaJZ 'to give enough'(?) buldur- Bul. 77v. bolt1 'became wounded (Hend.)' Chuas. I 9-
10: Xak. XI ba:l~gal-carih 'wounded' Kaf. I
D bltdiiz- Caus. f. of bil-; syn. w. biltiir-. 407 (verse); 0.0. I 242 (emlea-); I 252
N.0.a.b. Uyg. V I I I R. Bud. (they r o about ( a g r ~ n - ) KB
: bu odleg o k birle
~ kvgH ball&
doing ~ o o dto mankind) biltlzmedin tuyuz- 'this man whose mind is wounded by the
m a d i n 'without letting it be known or arrow of time' 5430.
noticed' T T VI 335: Oguz X I 01 maDa I:$
bllduzdi: a'lamani'l-amr 'he informed me of 1 balik 'fish'. S.i.a.m.1.g. including Yak.
thc matter' (bilrllfziir, blldi1zrne:k); this b a l ~ k ;vuv. pulL5/folL5 Ash. I X 278. Uyg.
Okuz word is irregular (x(irica 'ani'l-qiycs), the VIII ff. Man.-A k a l t ~balak (sic) s u v iqre
Turks do not use it Kal. I1 202. y u z e r ~ e'just as a fish swims in the water'
M 1 1 7 , 13-14; 0.0. do. 35, 16; 36, 20-1: Man.
D bulduz- IIap. let:.; Caus. f. of buI-; cf. taluy oguzteki baliklar 'the fishes in the sea'
bultur-. Xak. X I bulduzdt: ne:gni: awcnda- T T III 90: Bud. PP 17, I (udlk); 58, 7
hu'l-fay' 'he made him find the thing' K q . II (agna:-); Suv. 601, 11; 603, lo: Civ. ballk
202 (bulduzur, bu1duzma:k). a t i n 'the gall-bladder of a fish' N 1 155;
k u d u g suvinda b a l ~ kyok 'there are no fish
T r i s . BLD in the water of a well' TT VII 42, 7; a.0. do.
?C bulrt$ulayu Hap. Icg.; proh. a crasis of 28, 46; in VIII P.3 and 9, a calendar text,
b u l l t ~ aEquative f. of bullt and ula:yu:, cf. baIik (spelt with p-), is prob. 'the constella-
a n ~ u l a y u .Uyg. v111ff. Bud. (PU) yagalig tion Pisces' (a sign of the zodiac): Xak. XI
sii b u l ~ t ~ u l a yyrggaymen
u 'I will collect balik a/-sawink 'fish' Kaj. I 379 (prov.);
an army of elephants (as massive) as a cloud' a.o.0.: K O ballk kudrugtndln 'from the
Hiien-ts. 3 19-20. tail of Pisces' 66; a.0. in the list of signs of the
zodiac 141: ~ I I I ( ?Tef.
) b b a k 'fish' 90: X I V
D bulitlrg P.N./A. fr. bulit; 'cloudy'. Muh. al-samaka ba:ll:k Mpl. 14, 18; 77, 6;
S.i.m.m.l.g. \v. some phonetic changes. Rif. 91, 180; al-Atit 'Pisces' ba:hg 79, 8;
Tiirkti V I I I ff. o r busu:glu:g tegri: bul1:tltg ba:ll:k 183: F a g . xv ff. ballg mtihi 'a fish'
'people were anxious and the sky was cloudy' Sun. 127r. 9 (quotn.): K o m . xrv 'fish' baluk
IrkU 52. CCI; Gr.: KIP. X I I I al-samak ba:hk Hou.
7. 4: x ~ vbalik al-samak; ballk bey al-lniri
PUF buldunl: Hap. leg.; no doubt a I.-w., ay amiru'l-samak 'the mullet', that is 'the chief
perhaps Iranian (see kenduk). Gancak XI of the fish' fd. 36; a/-samak ba:llk Btrl. 5, I :
buldunr: 'the name of a milk dish (al-ra?iya) xv ditto balrk Kmr. 63, 2; Tith. 19a. 8.
in which fresh grapes and raisins are mixed,
it is then eaten' Kaf. 1 4 9 2 (the fourth con- 2 ballk 'town'; the standard Turkish word in
sonant is certainly wrong; the word occurs the early period, but n.0.a.b. except as a com-
in a small section headed fu'luli, with four ponent in place-names. A very early I.-w. in
cross-headings -N-, -R-. -L-, - N - ; the first, Mong. as balaganm, I'lur. bnlngad (Haeni;ch
 1 2 . Koic. 1077). 111 the mediev:ll period dis- (only): (;a&. Y V fT. bulaR/bulnk orbi hi hini-yi
placed hy 1.-w.8, usually l'e. ynhr. Cf. kent. An cZk bdprl ':I I111rsewlth cleft nostr~ls' Son
See Dorrfer I1 712. Turkii V I I I (VU) T o ~ u : 141r. 15.
ballkcla: I N 4; K a m . ballkka: Ongin 9; S 3 b u l a k Sec bulgak.
a.o. I E 12 (en-): ~ I I tf. I Sugqu: ballkda:
hliran A.14 (ETI' I1 65); Koqo: balrkda: do. I) bolug I1:lp. leg., but sce boluglug;
13.1I : Man. (he does not stay long) b i r ballk- apparently Ile\.. N. fr. bol-; 'a state of
d a 'in one town' M I 1 1 20, ~ ~ ( i iUyg. ) : ~ I I ff.
I (corning into) existence'(?). T u r k i i vlrr ff.
R1an.-A ballk(da?) tegzindi 'he wandered IrkB 19 (1 agnn).
about the town' M 1 3 2 , 11: Bud. Kanqana-
bat1 balrkta U III zy, 12; (the people) L l bu1ga:k N.1A.S. fr. bulaa:-; 'co~lfi~sion.
m e n l g ballklmtakl 'in my town' U I V 8, disorder; confused, disorderly'. Survives as
26; balrk 'town' is common in I'I' and else- ~'ulpaklpulka:k in NE several dialects R I If
~vhrre:Civ. (a marl whose head twitches on 1376 and I<hak.; NC Kzx. bulgnk and with
the r i ~ h t )t r a k baltkka b a r ~ rT T VII 34, some cstcndcd r~iennin~s in N C 1<1r,bulak
5 ; baltk also occurs in USp. usually as a eorn- :tnd proh. in the phr. nlnk bulak 'c~rnfused'.
ponent in place-names: Xak. SI balrk nl-Iriy noted In <'ag. sv If. Sun. 49v. 0 and S W 09111.
riv~'l-nmditm'a stronghold, town' in the lan- fr. xlv onwards 'I'TS I1 24; I11 13. See
guagr of the pagans (li-lrr~a/i'l-rdlrilij~ati'l-I)c~rrfer 11 768. Tilrku V I I I (the 'I'okkuz
-c~rlrolfi)and UyRur; hence Bk:$ balrk, the OQx \\.ere 111y prople) tegri: ybr bu1Rakr:n
I>ip~estUyiur town, meaning 'Five towns'; iiqu:n ynat: holtr: 'hccausc nf tiisorder in
and another of their towns is called Y a y : hca\.en ant1 c:\rth they I~ccarilchostile' I N 4;
balrk, that is 'New Town' Koy. I 379: xlv a.o. II E 2 9 : UyR. vrrl ff. Man.-?\ M III y, 1
Chin.-Ujg. Dict. 'walled town' b a l ~ kLigefi, 17 (ii), ctc. (telgek): Bud. 61 bulgakign
p. 138; R I V 1166: Gag. xvff. baltltg $ah, katlllp 'heiiic involved in civil disorders' U II
tcn rcild~at'town, province', as in Xanballg, 78, 35; o.o. do. 87, 53 (telgek); T T I V lo,
Desbalrg Sun. 127r. y: Xwar. x ~ r r ( ?b) a l u k 17: Xak. X I bu1ga:k 'the panic (01-hozlilriz)
(sic) 'town' occurs 8 times in 02. which brcaks out in a tribe on the approach 8
of their enemy': Bu1ga:k a masculine Proper
3 ballk 'mud'; pec. to Kag.; the morpho- Name (verse bu1ga:k translated a[-fifdn 'dis-
logical connection between this word and orders') KO$. I 467; in a grammatical para.
balqlk, q.v., is obscure. Argu:, some Oguz I11 320, 15 bu1ga:- is derived fr. bul2a:nuk
xr balrk al-iin 'mud'; some Argu: pronounce but the commentary suggests that this is an
it ba:lk with three consecutive un\~owelled error for bu1ga:k: K B b u bulgak kiini 'on
consonants (sarcdkiii, i.e. counting the alif as this day of (political) disorder' 4121: SIII(?)
a cr~nsonaiit);in Turkish only two consecutive Tef. fitnn bulfiak 1 x 0 : xlv Aflrh. nl-filtrcz
unvo\velled consonants are per~nissll>lc,but bulga:g AIel. 50, 12; bu:l&a:k Rif. 146:
in the Inng~lapeof the people of the Argu: xv ff. bulgag ciigiiliik oe tnfriqa G.P tarac 7.e
there is an incorrect practice (rikkn) K a y . I inlnn err xai-rih 'disorder, disintegration, pil-
379; a.o. 1248, 3 (yugrul-). lage, devast;~tion,ruin' Vcd. I 56 (q:~otns.) ;
bulgag/bulgak i1iqilr7h rco liyttfto~i revolu-
1 bulak 'a spring (of water)'; s.i.a.m.1.g. See tion, disorder, confusion' (quotn.) also used
noerfer I1 809. Cf. btga:r, yul. Uyg. V I I I ff. for inunqnlah zL.n n~ufin(PC. quotn.); various
Civ. k u d u g k a z s a r b u l a k o g e n k a z s a r 'if Pe. authorities quoted regarding the use of this
a rnan digs a well or digs out a spring or brook' word in Pe. Snn. 141 v. I : Kom. srv bulgak
T T VII 29, 2; a.0. do. 20: Xak. XI KB a k a 'confusion'(?) C C G ; Cr. 68 (quotn.): 'rkm.
trnmaz a r t a r bulaklar a r a 'it does not cease 'ikir (sic, ? rend 'akir) 'turbid, muddy' bulgak
to flow, but increases among the spiings' 6626: (KIP. bulanak) Ttrh. zsa. 8.
xrv Muh. al-'ayn 'a spring' bu1a:g Mel. 77, I
(Rif. 180 IrnaAliyrr'l-'qn 'the surroundings of ?E bulgnnc this word is restored in the
a spring' yu:la:k (sic); the words are more or passage helow as a parallel to tarkrnq; it is
less syn. but b u l a k is prob. the original text): a possible Dev. N. fr. bulgan- but would be
Gag. xvff. b u l a g 'a spring ( p ~ o a r )which Hap. leg.; the right reading is proh. bulgak.
bubbles out of the ground' Vel. 156 (quotns.); Tiirkii \ Y I I [gap] bulg[anq 011 [gap] oguzr:
bulag/bulak rofnrn-i Zb 'a spring of water' yeme: t a r k ~ n q01 '[his Turku people?] are
Son. 141r. 15: Xwar. xlv bulak 'spring' in disorder, and his [Tokkuz?] Oguz in a
Qrrrb 37; M N 134: Kom. xrv 'spring' brrlakl difficult mood' T 22.
bulax CCI. C C G ; Gr.: KIP. ~ I I Ia/-jadir
'a pool' bu:la:k Holi. 6, 19. D bulge:$ N.1A.S. fr. bu1ga:-; syn. w.
bu1ga:k but perhaps with a hint of joint
VLr 2 bulak n.0.a.b.; an Adj. applied to a action. NE Qor pulga$ 'a stick for stirring
h o r s ~ Kny.'s
; translation is the same as that of liquids' R I V 1378 is prob. not a survival o f
buktel; the word in Muh. may he 3 bulak. this word; Qor - 9 normally corresponds to an
Xak. X I bulak a t nl-adakk mina'l-xayl 'a earlier -q (see Radloff, Pltonetik der kcrdlich~n
hroad-hacked horse' Koy. I 379: KB b u l a k Tiirkspmclren, I,eipzig, 1882, p. r88), so this
s e m r i s e k o r m u n a r h a m a z a r 'if a broad- word prob. represents *bulgagaq, N.I. in
hacked horse gets fat, it goes wild and bolts' - g a q Xak. X I birlga:$ 'the disorder (alrfitno)
3600: XIV hluh.(?) (among the words applied which breaks out in a tribe because of the
to horses) 01-prnriis 'restive' bu:la:k Rif. 171 approach of nn enemy' KO$. I46o.
 TRIS.
Dm. V. ULC- nleaninas. 1'Urkii V I I I ff. Man. (seeing him-
L) balrk- rnorplirrlopically obscure; perhaps self) kop k a n k a b u l g a n m ~ s(sic) 'conipletely
Emphatic f. of *bala:- 1)en. V. fr. *ba:, cf. saturated w ~ t hblood' M I 6, 6; a.0. T T II
ba:lrg and 2 b a : ~ .Pec. to Xak. Xak. xr e r 6, 9; Uyk. vrrr ff. Man.-A b u l e a n m a k ~
b a l ~ k t r :crrri~a'l-vncrtl'the man was wounded' y a y k a n m a k ~M III 10, rz (i) (?error for
Kaj. II I I O (balrka:r., bal1kma:k:; in a para. bu1ga:-, q.v.): Bud. b u l g a n m r ~ yavlak
saying that verhs in -k- fall into two classes: tiillerig 'disturbed and evil dreams' U 1158,
( I ) verbs in which the Suff. is attached to r (ii); a.0. do. 2 (iii); (the demons, hearing
add emphasis to verbs connoting defeat, e.g. these stern words) a r t u k r a k bulganip 'be-
bassik- (this seems to be a misunderstanding coming strll more agitated' U I V 8, 35; 0.0.
of the suffix -31k-), (2) verI>s.of which this is 7'T V 26, 101; VIII A.31 (1 &I): Civ. (the
one, in which the - k - is an integral part of the bile) k u z rturla bulga:nur 'is stirred up in
verb (yakrin a!/ 11'1-brFb)): ICB b a l t k m r ~b a r the aututnn season (Sanskrit I -w.)' T T VIII
e r s e 'if there is :I woun~lrrl nan' (make sure 1.23: Xak. X I s u : bulkandr:
~ 'the water was
that Ile is medically trcatcd) /2402. stirred' (tahnd~lnrn); at14 one s a y kagiil
bulRnncl~:2rrlntnnti'l-!nhi'a 'his physical con-
bu1ga:- acc. to KO?., q v., basically 'to stir' dition trnuhlcd hirn' because he had eaten
(a liquid, etc.) anti rnetnph. 'tr, confuse, disturb something with filth (qadar) in it; also when
(snmeone), producc :I state of disorder', but he vt~mited(qd'a) nnr sal-a kiigul bulgandr:;
the srcund I S thc older and cori~tnc~ner mean- and one sa)s beg a g a r b u l g a n d ~ :'the beF:
ing. S i.a.m.l.g., in SIC, sometimes, and SW was angry (,fndiha) with him' (bu1ganu:r)
Az., Osm., 'I'km. always as bula-, elsewhere and onc says &:I bulgandl: 'the realm was
as bulga-. T u r k t i vrrr (in an account of a in disorder' (tajararunjal) (bu1ganma:k) Kay.
battle) bulgayu: 'putting (the enemy) in dis- 11238; I).o.II z.+z(tel$en-); 1II 21 ( I yarln):
order' 1.r. I I : vrrr ff. Man. M I 1 45, 2-3 xrr~(I) Tef. (of a wounded head) k a n k a
(ogur): Uyg. vrrr (he said) lyre: ben bul- bulgan- 'to be covered with blood' I ro: Gag.
gay1:n 'I will cause intert~aldisorder' $n. S 4: xv ff. bulgan- (and bulgag-) dlrida gudan rra
vrrr ff. Man.-A (if the wind blows from the gtirida jtrdnn tua bn-ham amixtan 'to be con-
west it drives) 01 bulgamakrg y a y k a n m a k t g fused, stirred, mixed together' Son. 139v. 18
'those disturbances and storms' (eastwards) (quotns.; translations of other forms rightly
M III lo, 5-6 (i): Dud. b u l g a d l m e r s e r 'if substitute dntixta grrdan for amixtan): X w a r .
I have caused trotrble' (to the innocent) U 11 xlrr bulgan-jbulwan- 'to be confused' 'Ali
78, 32; 0.0, do. 87, 50 (mis-spelt); T T I V 10, 11, 48: xrv k a n k a bulgan-lbulgarj- Qutb
14; 10, 17 (1 6:l); Tij. 48a. 2; USp. 60 Ib. 1 1 : 37: K o m . xrv 'to be troubled, confused'
Civ. (crushina red salt with camel's dung and) bulgan- CCG; Gr. 68 (quotn.): Kip. xv
b o r birle b u l g a p 'stirring it up with wine' 'akira (of water) 'to be turbid' bulan- (and
I1 1 9 9 ; a.o. T T I 6 3 ( I ii:g): Xak. XI su:vug tolan-); T k m . bulgan- (and tolgan-) Tzrlr.
bulga:dl: 'he stirred (kaddar-n) the water'; 26a. 3 (these descriptions should be reversed ?).
and one says 01 tutma:q bulga:d~: 'he
vi~orously stirred (ltarraka) the ttrtma:f in Tris. B L ~
the cooking pot (ctc.)'; also when one vipor- D b a l r k q ~ :N.Ag. fr. 1 halrk; 'fisherman'.
ously stirs anything, e.g. gruel and the like, T h e only early occurrences are in translated
so that the top and bottom (of the mixture) Rud. texts, and not evidence that the Turks
are both cooked: and one says 01 e r anlg themselves fished in this period. S.i.a.m.1.g.
kiiglin bu1ga:di: 'that man annoyed hini and Uy$. V I I I ff. Bud. (in 3 list of disreputable
made him angry' (adcarclhu wn nfdabahrr); the occupations) b a l ~ k pPP I , 8; TT I V 8. 56;
origin of the phr. is that the man's physical Srrv. 602, 6: xlv hlrth. ~a.vyddrr'l-mmah ba:-
condition i~ upset (yatahaddaru'l-lab') by Irkq~:Mel. 58, 1 ; Rif. 156: Krp. xrv 'fisher-
eating food not properly cooked so that man' b a l u k q ~C C I ; Gr.
he nearly vomits (ynfnqay.vd) Ka?. 111 289
(bulga:r, bu1ga:ma:k); 0.1). I11 291, 2 D balrkqin Ilcn. hr.fr. 1 ballk; 'heron',
(Wee:-); 320, 13: Gag. xv ff. bulga(-dl) lit. 'fish-eating hird'. Survives only(?) in SW
to/afdur- we biiru- 'to cause to be confused Osm. where Red. translates ballkqin 'tern,
(etc.); to wrap up'; bula-(-p)/bulga(-p) Sterna hirundo' and balrkcrl 'heron; egret;
btrla- we brclaydrlr- Vel. r 57 (quotn.)-8; bulga-/ bittern' Ardea, Botnurus. In SE Tiirki xvr11
bulgat- (Caus. f.) iiltida hardan tua jtird~tidan (the 'Five 1,anguage Mirror') kok balikqr
w a dtniztan 'to confuse, to stir up (mud), to (sic) was 'the common heron, A r d ~ amelano-
mix' San. 14or. 27 (quotns.); bula- abhrevia- cephnla', and a l a b a l ~ k q r (sic) ?'the purple
tion of bulga- 13pv. 15: Xwar. xrv bulga- heron, A. purpurea', see E. D. Ross, A Poly-
'to put (an arniy) in disorder' Qutb 37: K o m . glot List of Birds in Ttrrki, Mancltrr and
xlv 'to disturb, trouble' C C I ; Gr.: Ktp. x ~ v Chinese, Calcutta, 1909, Nos. 32 and 33; and
b u l g a y t ~ (sic)/bulgandurd~:
: kaddara id. 36; xx b l l l k ~ l(sic) 'heron' Janing 47. Xak. X I
T k m . bula- xahba~a'I-miiyi' 'to beat a liquid' b a l ~ k q r n the name of a white bird called
(one MS. adds yn'ni Irarraknhtr); Kip. bulga- rn~IiI~u'l-!mzin'heron', which hunts fish Kny.
Id. 35. I 5 1 2 : O s m . xrv b a l r k ~ r (sic!)
r prob. 'heron'
in two texts T T S I 72; I1 ror : xvrrt balr&il
D bulgan- I!efl. f. (normally used as Pass.) (spelt)/baii&l? in Rrimi, parando-i m6hi 'a
of bu!ga:-; s.r.m.m.l.g. with the same range of fish-eating bird , in Pe. bri-tinrrir ('heron') and
 TRIS
?am-.r~crtmk (ditto), in fir. nbri Iroziil, and in 0.0. 2131 (siiz-), 3632: C a k xv ff. bulganuk
Greek ja2nii1 (?corrupt, cf. sa,qinElis 'net- rih-i gil-rilrisrl 'tnuddy water' Snlr. 141 v. 10:
fisherman') Snn. 127r I r. Ktp. xv 'ihir (sic. ?read 'ultir) 'turbid, n~uddy'
bulanak Xrh, aga. 8 (later marginal note
D 1 baltkllg P.N./A. fr. 1 ballk; 'full of fish'. saying that b u l a n u k is more correct; and see
S.i.s.m.1. Uyg. V I I I ballkllj: the name of bul2a:k).
a river $11. S to (a@:-): Xnk. X I balikltg
ogilz iGdi dri sumak 'a river full of fish' KUJ. 1) b o l g u ~ u z Flap. leg.?; I'riv. N.jA. fr.
1498. I'articip. in -2u: fr. bol-. Xnk. X I KI3 blllg
bayllk 01 b l r qtgay bol&usuz 'knowledge
I1 2 b a l ~ k l I-lap.
t ~ leg.; P.N./A. fr. 3 ballk. is wealth, it is (a guarantee of) not liecoming
Argu: X I bnltkllg is :tlso ( L I P Cfor) ~ al- poor' 313.
-or~rr'llatijilld ma!rl 'muddy ground' in the
language of Argu: Kaj. I 498. S bulknyuk Src bulgn:Auk.
L) b o l u f i l u ~P.N./A. fr. boluR; n.0.a.l). Xak.
SI h-11(the doorkeeper must dccidc) ynraglig
'1'1.1s. V . nr,G-
kayu 01 a s i g l r ~kayu boluglug kayu 01 I) 1 b a l ~ k l a n -Ilnp. leg.; Itefl. I>i.n. \'. fr.
tusulu& kayu 'which (of them) is useful, 1 ballk. X a k . sr kB:l balrklnndl: 'thc lake
which advantageous. 1vhic11 likely to develop was filll of fish' (chi ssrriitok) K a ~ .I1 265 (see
(?), and which beneficial' 2544. below).
D bulgama: Pass. Ijev. N. fr. bulga:-; 1) 2 bnltklan- llap. leg.; Refl. Ilev. N. fr.
'gruel', lit. 'something stirred together'. In 2 ballk. IJyfi. sr (ballklandt:) is also used
the medieval period replaced hy parallel Dev. of a place (a/-nrawdi') when it 'has a strong-
N. in -ma:$ (for a kind of food); survives in hold' (!ri:n) in the Uyg. language Kaj. 11265
SIV Osm. b u l a m a c ; 'rkm. bulama/bula- (ballklanu:r, baltk1anma:k).
m a k . See Doerjer I1 770. Xak. x! bulgama:
'gruel (al-'agida) which contains neither D 3 baltklan- Hnp. leg.; Refl. Den. V, fr.
sweetening nor oil' Kaj. I 491: (XIVMtrh. 3 b a l ~ k .Argu: xr (baltklandi:) is also used
harirn 'gruel' bu1ama:q Me[. 65, 14; bu:l- of a place (a/-trtac~di')when it is 'muddy' (dci
$,ama:q Rif. 165: Gag. xv ff. b u l a m a q l !in) in the language of Areu: Kaj. I1 265 (see
b u l a m a k 'a kind of thin gruel (Zj-i raqiqi) above).
made with flour' Son. 141r 19: Xwar. X I V D b a l l h a : - Ilap. leg.; Desid. 1)ep. V. fr.
b u l a ~ n a k(sic) 'gruel' Nahc. 107, 14; 108, 1-2; 1 baltk. Xnk. xr e r ba1tksa:di: thc man
KIP. X I V bulgamaq ( - c ) 1x1-'asitin i d . 35 ; Btrl. longed for fish' K q . I11 334 (balrksa:~,
Y, I I (MS.pljattruc): xv xabis naa tnd Ji ba11ksa:ma:k).
ina'nChrt 'sweetmeat m:~de of dates, crraln,
ete.', and the like bulanlaq (-c) Tulr. 1.p. 12). Dis. BLG
I'UF bulguna: llap. leg.; no doubt a 1.-IV. D beleg Dev. N. fr. 2 b6le:-; lit. 'son~ething
Aloljritm is a perfectly regular, hut rare, Ar. wrapped up', it1 practlce 'a gift', with the
Pass. Particip. meaning 'tangled' (of trees, specitic implication thnt it is one wrapped u p
etc.), but it is unlikely that this would be con- to be transported. Survives in several minor
verted into balguna: in Xak., since in that NE and N C languages and NW Kaz. btilek.
languwe the assimilatior~to nasals is usually T h e word is 3 I.-a,. in Mong. as beleg (Koiu.
the other way; such a change might, however, 1115, lialtod 282) and some NI; occurrences
occur in an Oguz language. Xak. X I bulguna: rnay be reborrowings fr. Mong. See Doerjm
(so rocalized) 'a red, pliant (risze) tree the I1 833. Uyg. V I I I ff'. Bud. (I have ventured to
shape of a tamarisk (a[-tarjd') eaten hy camels'; present) beleg otiigtim 'my hulnble gift'
mnlgunn: (so vocalized) dialect fornl of it Hiien-ts. 1843 (see note thereon); o.r). 1859
(lrrgu jilti) Kaj. I 492. (bek1e:-), 1883, 2054: Xak. X I beleg 'a gift
(hadiya) which a traveller brings (back) for
D bu1ga:Auk N.1A.S. fr. b u l g a n - ; although his neighbours, or one sent from one place
the -5- is in this word a compound sound and (brrq'a) to another' K a h I 385; b6:leg al-
not an original -A- it followed the usual course - h o d i ~ ~I 4n o 8 : xrrt(?) At. beleg i d t l m 'I sent
of evolution to become -y- in f i j . and usually as a gift' 79: XIV Mt'h. 01-hadiya b6le:$ Mel.
-n- elsewhere; 'mixed, turbid, confused', and 51, 2; Rif. 149 (mis-spelt as 01-htrdna tiil~:g, -g
the like. Survives in SW Osm. b u l a n ~ k marked): Gag. xv ff. beleg hadiya wa naw-
'turbid, cloudy'; Tkm. ditto (and bulanqak). brirca ('first fruits') ; the author of the Farhang-i
Uyg. V I I I ff. Man. bulknnyuk (sic) kogiilliig Jalrdngiri described this word as Persian and
t l n l r g l t ~ r'mortals with confused minds' TT quoted a verse illustrating it Sail. 1 4 9 ~ .3 :
I11 162: Dud. bulganyuk k o ~ i i l l i i gTT VI O s m . x ~ vto xu1 beleg 'gift'. not noted later
65; V I I I 0 . 8 (spelt prr@o:nytrk); a.0. U I 14, than xvl T T S 1 8 7 ; 11 125; I11 79; I V 90.
3 (qobik): Xak. xr bulgnyuk su:v al-md'u'l-
-kadir 'turbid water' Kag. III 179 (reading E belik See bllik.
certain, in a chapter for words containing
-y-); bulga:nuk 111 320, 15 (see bulga:k): bilek 'the wrist'. S.i.a.nl.1.g. w. minor phonetic
K B tilziildl siiziildi k a m u g bulganuk 'all chatiges and extensions of meaning. Uyg.
disorders were adjusted nnd clarified' 5951 ; V I I I tf. Bud. (thcn the king's right hand)
 balek (in margin boluk) 7'irh. I za. I ; dafira Dorrjrr I 1 836. l'urkii vrll bilge: x a g a n lit.
(tnis-spelt ~ a f i r a ;note in margin mina'l-jn'r 'wise kakan', I,ut proh. oftcn regartled rather
wa &+h)i bBliik do. 24a. I 3. as a r e p a l title I E 3 , 11 E 4 ; 1E 23; bllge:
T o f i u k u k proh. 'Counsellor 'I'oiirlkuk' rather
belgu: (Fbelgo:) 'sign, mark' occasionally in than 'wise '1': 7' r, etc.; bllgesl: cavugl: ben
a concrete, but usually in an abstract sense; o k e r t i m 'it was I that was his Counsellor
'distinguishing characteristic'. An early I.-w. and his Army Comtnarider' 7' 7 ; 8.0. of this
in Rlong. as brlge (Iiaeniscl~ 14; see also ~ h r Ix. . 17 (qavug); bllge: kigi:g 'wise men'
Doer/er I 96 with a long list of modern I S 6, I1 N 4 ; a.o.0.: V I I I ff. yagl:lma:zu:n
'Turkish and Mona. forms). S.i.a.m.l.g., usu- tCp bilgeg urtl: 'he appointed a Counsellor
ally a s belgiilbelgi; Cuv. pal&/pall&Ash. I X u.110 would not rnake ~nrst:~kes'7'1rn. III a. 7;
82-6; Yak. beliePek.qzq,and pcrhaps bilgedo. a.o. do. 9 ( E T Y 11 94-5): hlan. bilge bilig
464. Tiirkiivrrr ff. kamu:j! t a : g l a r q kentu: 'wisdoni' Chuor. 183: Yen. 112 bilge: qagqt:
kentu: erdemi: belgii:si: b a r 'all (precious) Proper Pierne &la/. 31, I (see p ~ g l : ) 8.o.o.:
;
stones have their individunl 5irtr1es and dis- UyR. V I I I ff. Rlal1.-A bilge bllig A4 I 2 3 , 3 ;
tir~guishingcharacteristics' TO.^. 12-I.+ ( E T Y 2.1, 26; bilge h e g do. 12, I(): Rlnn. bllge bilig
I1 58): Uyg. V I I I belgii:tnin bitigimin anta: 7'7'111 32; bilgeler '~(~unsellors' M 111 34,
y a m t l t d ~ m'I had my s i ~ nand inscription 6-7; 36, 5 (ii) (blqi:): Uud. bilge 'wise; a wise
erected there' $it. E 8 ; a.o. E y: \'III ff. Man.-A man' is vcry common I'P 74, 2; 74, 4 6 ctc.;
lnqa k a l t ~ X o r m u z t a tegri b e l g i i s i n ~ e elqi bilgeler Kimr?. 12y, 130: Uiv. ruts1 bllge
'like the distinguishing characteristics of the 'thc \vise n~aster'(Chincse /tr tzR, prnl,. C:orr-
~ n Hormuzd'
d A f I 2 4 , 10-1 I ; a.0. do. 35, 2: ft~cius) T T I 106-7; tCtik bllge kigi e r s e r
Man. [bellgiisi r a t n l 'his sign is a jewel' 'if he is a quick-witted, wise man' VII 28,
M 11 7, 3-4; a.0. M III 39, 1-3 ( a d i n p g ) : 53-4: 0. Klr. rs ff. Bilge: in P.N.s Mar. 13,
Chr. (then the Magi seeing) 01 taglanclg irii 3 ; 24. 6 : Xak. xr bi!ge: 01-hakitn 'wise':
belgii 'that marvellous sign' U I 8, 14-15: bilge: 01-'dim 'knowing': bilge: 01-'1iqi1
Bud. belgii is comnionest in the phr. irii 'intelligent' (verse); hence a mnn is called
belgu 'omen, sign' (see iru:), but also occurs bilge: b e g 'a wise, Itnowing, intelligent chief';
hv itself corresponding to Sanskrit lakrona and there was s n Uygttr srin called K u : ~
'distinguishing mark' T T V I 190; a.o. Suv. Bilge: Xa:n that is 'his intelligence is (as big)
73, 20 (adart-): Civ. busug k a d g u belgiisi as a lake' ('oqluhtt ka'l-2adir; prob. a false
'a sign of anxiety and distress' T T 1 7 9 ; 0.0. etymology, sce 2 kul) and one says bBgii:
do. 62 (Pnqgiiliig), 71 (ad1rtla:-); (now I will bilge: a/-'5~1'1 Kaj. I 428; about 20 0.0.: K D
describe) srqgan belgiisin 'omens from mice' bilge is common 158, 191 (b6gii:), 263. 1678
VII 36, I : Xnk. X I belgii: al-ornrira wo'l- etc.: x ~ vMirlr. iitsiin 'dliiri bi:lge: e r 113~1.12,
-'alli~no 'sign, indication' ICog. I 4 2 7 (proverb): 14; Hif. 87: X w a r . xrv bilge 'wise, wise man'
K H ukug k i m d e bolsa b u ol belgiisi Qirtb 32: K o m . srv ditto C(:(;; Gr.: KIP.
'whoever acquires understanding, this is his xrv bilge: (11-'cilr'tn Id. 3s: Osm. srv and s v
distinguishing characteristic' 1864; (chosen bilge 'wise man' in scveral texts T T S 1 99;
among men) k i ~ belgiisi
i 'and an example to 11 142.
others' 5791; 0.0. 180, 4284, 5108: XIII(?)
Te/. belgu 'a sign' 97: Gag. xv ff. bblgii Dls. V. BLG-
('with -g-') nipin we 'oldma we bilinecek gey D boliik- Hap. leg.; Intrans. f. of biil-.
'sign, mark, something recognizable' Vel. 142 X a k . sr ko:y boliikti: ydra'l-&niain q~rt'dt'the
(quotn.); belgii (spelt) tanzed ma nifin tca sheep got into (separate) flocks'; also used of
olrIntat (see tamga:; quotns.); and metaph. any living creatures which get into (separate)
( I ) nijdna-i tir 'an archery target'; (2) taxalluf flocks and nssenible in then1 (tn'ollabot) Kay.
'poetic pseudonym' (quotn.) So?t. 14gv. 18: II r 18 (boliike:r, bo1iikme:k).
Volga B u l g a r xrrr-xrv the word often occurs
on ton~hstonesin this language in the form D bilge$- Ilap. leg.; Intmns. Den. V. fr.
6 2 lriirr mriw yd'; the 3d' is the 3rd Pers. Poss. bilge: (not, as Kaf. says, bilig) Xak. xr
Suff.; it is an open question whether this pg1a:n bilgetti: 'aqnla'l-$obi run Jatana
should be transcribed belwi: or belwiiyi or the boy mas intelligent (Hend.)'; originally
be1ii:yi but the meaning in any case is 'his bilge:dti:, hut assimilated (irdginia). Know
nienlorial'; the best edition of these texts is that (-a:dtl:)/-e:dti: is a Suff. (I~mf)which is
G. B. Yusupov, I'ced~nie v brrlgaro-totar- attached to nouns connoting natural qualities
sktrytr epigrafikrr, Moscow-Leningrad, 1960; (01-tabEyi') and thus verbs are formed. For
on this word see K. Thomsen, 'Zur wolgabol- example 'beauty' (01-!ttrsn) is k o r k and if you
gnrischen Epigraphic', Actn Orientnlia XXVI (wnnt to) say that he was heautiful you add the
3-4, p. 189: Xwar. srv belgu 'sign, mark' Suff e:dti: and say korke:dti: Jlasimn; and
P 11th 27: KIP. xrv belgii: grihir 'conspicuous' 01-'nql is bllig, then you say oglan: bilge:-
d. 36 (mistranslation. deduced from preceding dti: that is 'the boy was intelligent' ('nqala);
entry belgur- 3ahara). then thc -a:- melts away (tadrib) and the -a-
is assimilated in the -t- and -tt- rotnes out
D bilge: Dev. N./A. fr. bif- ; primarily 'a wise nf it Kaj. I1 340 (bilge:tii:r, bi1getme:k;
man', but in the early period apparently some- sic,? in error).
times a specific title of office, 'Counsellor' or
the like; also used as an Adj. N.o.a.b. See S belgiit- See belgiirt-.
 BLG
D belgiir- Intrans. Den. V. fr. belgu:; 'to do. 32: K o m . xlv belglrt- ditto CCG; GI.:
appear, become manifest'. Survives in NW O s m . xrv to xvr belirt-Ibeliirt- ditto in
Kaz. bllglr- R I V 1768 and S W Osm. bellr-. several texts T T II 127; I11 8 1 ; I V 93.
In other lan~uagesthe same meaning is given
by belgiilen- (not an old word) or other words
like koriin-. Uyg. vlrr ff. Man. (buds) t u g a r T r i s . BLG
belgiirer 'sprout and appear' Wind. I r : Chr. D ? F b1le:gii: N.I. fr. bile:-; 'whetstone'.
U I 8, 8-9 ( a n t a ~ a : ) :Bud. o g l u m sav1 edgii S.i.m.m.1.p. (not NE, SC). Cf. k a d r a k ,
yavlak belgiirginqe 'whether my son's word nrjda:g. Xak. X I bi1e:gii: 01-misann 'whet-
appear good or bad' PP 63, 2-3; Uygrrr 611 stone' Kaj. I 447: G a R xv ff. bilew (spelt)
eI(l)lg(?) o r t u n ulugta tiipiip belgiirtip song-; fasnrt 'whetstone' Sun. 149: 9 ; a.0.
'arriving and appearing in the royal central 281 v. 3 (kadrak): K o m . xlv ditto bllev C C I ;
country (or in the royal palace and country ?) Cr.: KIP. s i l t al-mirnnn bi1e:wii: Hou. 23,
of the Uygur realm' USp. 43 3-4 o o T7: 19: xrv bllewii ol-misann; T k m . bllegii:
VIII K.3 ("kiln, sprlt bL,krior-);; ,k'486; Id. 3j .
Stlv. 75, I : Civ. T T I 62 (4ncgiilug): Xak.
X I 1:g be1gii:rdi: zahara'l-nmr the affair 1) bileklig I'.iV.ii\. fr. bilek; 'having a . . .
became manifest' Kay. I1 172 (belgiire:r. WI-ist'. N.0.a.h. Xak. X I ku:cliig bllekllg
be1giirme:k); am. I3117, ro: KB (if you hidc kigi: inriin qolrbroi dl? sd'id 'a man with strong
musk) yldl belgiirer 'its smell becomes rnani- wrists' Kaf. I 509.
fest' 3 12; tiizlinliik senlgdin kelir belgiire
'goodness comes and becomes manifest from
D billglig P.N.!A. fr. bilig 'possessing know-
Icdge', etc. Survives only(?) in NE Tuv.
Thee' 6638: xlv Muh.(?) zahara belgiir- billglig 'educated' (but this may be a recent
Rif. 112 (Mel. 28, 13 g o r u n - ) ; 01-qfrhiir bel- reconstruction). Uyg. V I I I ff. Man. biligligim
g i i r m e k 37, 15; I 24: Gag. xv ff. b6lgiir-(-ur,
tiiziiniim 'my wise one, my good one' M II
etc.) beliir- Vel. 141 (quotn.); belgiir- ('with
-g-') Intrans. V. meaning ina'ltim jrldnn 'to
8, I I (i); [bilge] biliglig qatu t i k t i ~ i z'you
have set up the ladder of wisdom' T T I1147:
becomc known' (N.B. false etymology fr. Bud. bilge biligllg 'wise' Suv. 127, 19; 354,
bil-); the two Rtimi authorities and Tali'-i 2: Xak. XI nl-'6li~ntr'l-'6qilu'l-hakim 'a know-
Harawi took it to be a duplicate (murddg) ledgeable, intclligcnt, wise man' is called
of bildiir- meaning fahinlinidan 'to inform', billglig kiql: Kuy. 1 5 1 0 ; K B biliglig, ditto,
and ATa'firi followed them; they were in error is common 168, 254, etc. : xrv Muh. sahib 'ilm
Son. 14%. 2.5 (quotns.): Xwar. xlv belgur- b1:li:gli:g (-g-s marked) Met. 5, 7; Rif. 76;
'to appear, hecome manifest' Qrrfh 29; Nahc. al-'dim 6, 9; 55, 8 ; 77; 152 (mis-spelt b1:li:g);
16, 16; b61giir- Qfrtb 30; beliir- do. 32; pfhibu'l-ra'y 'with sound judgement' b1:li:g
beliir-Ib6lgiir- M N I 16, etc.: Klp. xlv (sic, in error 50, 9 ; Rif. 145 6:ge:): Gag.
b e l g u r - zahara fd. 36: xv naba'a 'to emerge' xv ff. billglig 'iilirn wa dGniinrand ('wise');
biilgiir- (sic) Ttrh. 37a 7: O s m . x ~ v f f . also used for diinijmnndi 'wisdom' (i.e. the
beliir- 'to appear' common till x v ~T T S III A.N. in -1ik is); they also use billmlig in
81; I V 93. these senses Sari. 150r. 8: X w a r . xtv billglig
D belgiirt- Caus. f. of belgiir-; 'to make 'wise' Quth 32: KIP. xv 'ririf 'knowledgeable'
manifest, display'. Survives in NW Kar. L. biligli Ttrh. 24b. 13.
belglrt- R I V 1613; Kaz. bilgirt- 1768; D biliklik Hap. leg.; A.N. (Conc. N.) fr.
S W Osm. beliirt-Ibelirt-. T i i r k u V I I I ff. bilik. Xak. sr biliklik (misl-ocalized beliklik)
Man. taqtlrtr belgiirt(t)iler 'they displayed kebe:z qu!nn iitrr'adda li'l-fatila 'cotton pre-
openly' (the inncr . . . of the mind) M III pared for (making into) a wick' Kai. 1 5 1 0 .
19. 1 2 (ii): Uyg. vlrl ff. Man.-A M I 11, 5
(1 ac-); 21, 3 (ii): Bud. toziimin u g u g u m l n D bc1gii:lug P.N.!A. fr. belgu:; 'manifest,
belgiirti s o z l e s e r 'if (I) openly declare my significant, possessing distinguishing charac-
origin and clan' PP 67, 1-2; (my dear son) teristics', ctc. T u r k u vltr ff. erde:mi: belgii:-
kiigilziimdin belgiirtml+ a g z ~ m d l nt u g - 1ii:g s a v l a r 'statements regarding the virtues
m l g 'brought to light from my breast and and distinnuishing characteristics' (of various
born from my mouth' U I11 36, 21-2; 0.0. jewels and (precious) stones) Toy. 4 (ETI' II
U I V r 6 , 1 6 9 a n d 173; T T V6,34.etc.; X 3 6 5 ; 57): U y e . vrrr ff. h1an.-A (they are) beg
Xak. XI K B (this world adorns ltself and tiirliigiin belgiiliig 'significant in five ways'
displays itself) 6tinmig kelin t e g kogul M I 24, 8 : Man. n.1 11126, r r (i) (odguratc:);
belgiitiir 'as a bride adorned displays her T T I X 29 (bekiz): Bud. T T VI 296 (od-
inmost thoughts' 3540 (so the Fergana MS., g u r a t ~ : ) ; VIII -4.16 (bekiz): Xak. X I
the other two MSS. have yilkitiir here and belgiiliig ne:g al-yay'rr '1-bddiyu'l-zdhir 'any-
in 3567, but this verb does not exist; the thing manifest and conspicuous' Kny. I 528
Fergana MS. omits 3566-7, and they are prob. (prov., spelt be1gii:lug); 0.0. spelt be1gii:lilg
spurious): xrlr(?) Tef. belgiirt- 'to display, I 384, zo (bitig); I140, I I ; 111 160. 20: F B
make manifest' 97: Gag. xvff. bdlgiirt- biligsiz k a r a g u t u r u r belgiiliig the
(spelt) Caus. f.; ma'lrim kardan 'to make ignorant man is manifestly blind' 179, 271;
known' ,(false etymology, see be1gil:r-) Snn. 0.0. 2286 (ay~klrg),2458 (iinliig), etc.: X I I I
149r 22 (quotn.): Xwar. xrv belgiirt-/ (?) At. bilig bildi bold1 e r e n belgulug
belgiit- ,'to show, display' Qtrtb 30; b6lgiirt- a man acquires knowledge and becomes
conspicuous' 93; Tef. mtrhin 'manifcst, obvious' 'I'ris. V. I3LG-
belgiil(ig 97: Gag. xv ff. bklgiiltig tam- D b8iegle:- Den. V. fr. bkleg; n.o.a.b. X a k .
frldrlr rca nijdndiir 'branded, conspicuous' San. xl 01 m a g a : beleg1e:di: 'he pave me a ~ i f t '
I 49v. 24(quotn.): X w a r . xrv belgiillig 'mani- (hadiya) Kay. I11 340 (belegle:r, belegle:
fest, visible' Qutb 29. m e : k ) ; a.o. 1307, 17 (misvocali7,ed).
1) bi1ge:llg Hap. leg. ?; P.N !A. fr. bilge:. D be1giile:- Den. V. fr. belgii:; 'to niakc
T u r k u V I I I ff. bi1ge:H:g yag1:lrna:z 'a man manifest' and the like. Survives in NIV Kk.,
who has a (wise) counsellor docs not make Kumyk, Nog. belgile-; I<az. bilgele-. Cf.
mistakes' Tttn. IIIa. I I ( E T Y II 9j). belgiirt-. X a k . X I I<B 8llg a y d ~u k t u m
siizug belgiilep 'the king said "I have
I) helgiirtme: Pass. Dcv. ?.I. fr. b e l g i i r t - ; understood your statement which (you)
n.o.a.h. Uyg. v r r ~ff. Bud, belgilrtme: etijz expounded" ' 792.
translatrs the Bud. technical terrn nirm&akGyn
'tlir manifestation hndy', one of the three D bilgelen- Hap. leg.; Refl. l>cn. V. fr.
hodics or natures of the I h d d h a T T V I I I bilge:. Xok. xr e r bilgelencll: to'~iqn1n'l-
(:.20 (spelt pc:Igiirtnte:); S t i t s . 38, 13 ff. (a lorig
-ractrl 'the riinn pretended to he intcllijicnt';
passage on this subject). the better word for this ( n l - a ! ~ ~ nf i~ hndii) is
bilimsindl: (mls-spelt bil~rimsindi:) Kaj. III
202 (bllgelenii:r, b1lgelenme:k).
D biligsiz Priv. N./A. fr. b i l i g ; 'ignorant,
devoid nf understanding', ctc. N.o.a.h. Tiirkii I) bi1igse:- liap. leg.; Desid. Den. V. fr.
vtrr b1llgsl:z x a g a n o l u r m l y '.vnfinns who bilig. Xnk. xr og1a:n b1ligse:di: 'the boy
did not understand (how to govern) ascended longtd to be intelligent' (a/-'nql) Kaj. I11 334
the throne' I E 5 , 11E 6: ~ I I ff. I R a n . bilig- (biligse:r, bi1igse:me:k).
sizln 'through ignorance' Chtras. 73; 0.0. do.
1 2 0 (Kgsuz); M 1 5 , 4: Uyg. vrrr ff. Man. Dls. V. BLL-
T T 111 31-2 (iidiir-): Bud. biligsiz b i l i g
'ignorance' Strc.. 133, 18; 136, 16; a.0. do. D bC:lel- Pass. f. of 2 b6:le:-; n.0.a.b. X a k .
384, 21-2 (tumge:): X a k , XI og1a:n biligslz xr e r t e r k e : b8:leldi: 'the man was bathed
Iii 'nql fi'l-sihydn 'boys lack intelligence' I r 19, (gariqn) in sweat'; and one saps ogla:n bP:lel-
zq; 386, I ; n.m.e.: K R billgslz 'ignorant' di: 'the hov was fastened (jttdda) in the
179, 271 (be1gu:liig); a.o.0.: XITI(?) TP cradle'; the .first is Intrans. (ldzim), and thc
h i - t o y 'ilm biligsizin 102: nu M i h b i k second Pass. (mlrta'add); and one says a t
'ilnr bil1:gsi:z Alp/. 10. rq; Rij. 884; aI-ciihil ka:nka: bk:leldi: 'the horse was hathed in
'ignor,lnt, foolish' bil1:gsiz j j, 7 ; 152: X w a r . blood', that is because of the areat slaughtering
xrv biligsiz ditto Qtrth 32. Kaf. I11 196 (bk:lelii:r, b4:lelrne:k).
1) bllll- I'ass. f. of bll-; n.n.a.h. Cf. bllln-.
1) be1gii:siiz I'riv. N.i.4. fr. belgii:; 'without Uyfi.,.vrrr ff. I3i1d. (imrncdiatcly after hc had
a sign, tnark, etc.'. Survives in N C Iilr., K z x . left) ozin kcntii bililiir 'the mnttcr hecame
hclgisiz. Uyg. vru ff. I3utl. kiirksilz t u y u g - ktlo\vn spontaneously' Iliir~t-ts.2007: Ktp. r v
st12 belgusiiz 'without form, percrption o t (in :I ~raliiniatical scctioti) hilildi k i biy
distinguishing characteristics' 7'T VI 460; keleclir 'it hecame known that the br~qwas
a O. Ti$. 24h. 3 : X a k . xi kanqa: b a r i : r coming' 'lirh. 48b. 5.
be1gii:sii:z translated fa-lrl yurlrd ilrl ay cihg
1~1ttncih'and one does not perceive in which D bulul- I'ass. f. of b u l - ; n.0.a.h. Cf. bulun-.
direction it (the cloud) goes' KO$.I 354, 26; U y g. vrr r ff. Bud. Sanskrit ircitnn?t~~apltnlnrrr
n.ni.e.: K B b u t i i ~t e g t i r i g l i k keqer bel- adhigaldm 'the fruits of asceticism are ob-
giisiiz 'this life passes away like a dream, tained' toytn tiigi b u l u l m r ~(spelt p-) e r u r
leaving no trace' 1396; common as a rhyme T T 17111 G.48.
1532, etc.: SIII(?) Tef. bi'l-fayb 'secretly'
belgiisiizun 97. T r i s . V. BLL-
1) baln:la:- I k n . V. fr. bala:; ' t o pin- tiirrh
1) bllegusiiz Hap. leg.; Priv. N . / A . fr. tn or produce young'. S.i.n.m.1. R I V 1492.
b1le:gii:. Uyg. vrlr Rlan. bllegiisiiz ylti X a k . S I (in a gramriiatical section) 'a nestling'
vacir 'the thttnderbolt (Sanskrit cajra) that is called bala:; and if you wish to say that
is sharp without (being sharpened on) a whct- a bird h ~ hatched
s out young (njroxa) you say
stone' d l 117, 8; 8, 9 (I). k u g ba1a:la:dl: Kaj. III 92, I ; n.m.e.: Gag.
xv ff. balala-(-p, ctc.) huy ce /ta>wdn ynortrla-
11 biiigsizlik A.N. fr. biligsiz; 'ignorance', 'of birds and animals, to produce young' Vel.
used to translate Sanskrit acidhyd, same 132 (quotns.): b a l a l a - h n ~ ~gtrdGjtn1r
n rcn
nieening. N.0.a.h. Uyg. V I I I ff. Bud. bilig- iacudlttd harden 'trnttim ifay~ciiftdl7ca cdnmnrfin
sizlik k a r a g g u u z e k o q u I i i m BrtUlU 'my 'to produce or give birth to young, a gencral
mind heing clouded by the darkness of tcrm for animals and living creatures' Son.
ignorance' Suv. 101, 16-17: Xak. X I bilig- 1 2 6 ~ .5 (quotns.): Klp. xv ofrnxa b a l e l a -
sizlik kkte:r adfa'i'l-safah 'an nafsik 'drive Tuh. 7a. 2.
ignorance away from yourself' Kay. 1 4 4 0 , 20;
n.1n.e.: x r r ~ ( ? ) Tef. biligsizllk ditto 102: T r i s . BLM
X w a r , srv ditto Q t ~ t b32, S b u l a m a q / b u l a m a k See bul&ama:.
 , BLN-
'I'ris. V. BLM- common 1438, 2388. 2723 (umdu:qI:), 3636
I ) ? F bilemsin- Jlap. leg.; Ilell. Simulative (yul-), etc. : X w a r . xrv b u l u n 'prisoner' Qutb
Den. V. fr. *bilem, N.S.A.,fr. bile:-. Xak. 36; Nahc. 70, 6 ; 82. 15; 117. 4 ; 161, 4 (ak-):
X I o l biye:k bilemsindl: he pretended to
'I'krn. xrv b u l u n al-%dm 'a raid'; in Ktp.
whet (ynsunn) the knife without actually doing 01-barru'l-mutfa~ilbi'l-cazira wa'l-ganima wo'l-
so' Kay. 11 260, r ; 262, 9 (in a grammatical -kasb 'land adjacent to an island; booty, gain'
section); n.m.e. Id. 36: O s m . xrv b u l u n in four texts T T S I
123; 11 175.
D bilimsin- Hap. leg.; Ikfl. Simulative Den.
V. fr. bllim (see billg): Xnk. XI i o l > ~ : g bulug 'corner, angle'; and, in the early period
blllmsindi: 'he prctended to know (ya'rif) only, 'a cardinal point, a quarter of the world'.
about the matter' Kaj. 11 2-52, 13 (in a gram- Survives in NE several dialects R I 1375
matical section); a.0. I11 202 (bilgelen-); (p-); Khak. (p-); Tuv.; SE Tiirki; N C Kir.
T u r k i i v ~ r r t o r t bulug k o p y a g ~ : ermiq
n.m.e. / 'the four quarters of the world were all hostile'
I I? 2, II E 3 ; tijrt bulugdakl: bodunlg I E 2,
Dis. BLN II E 3, etc.: V I I I ff. tiirt bulu:gtakl: edgii:sl:
belig 'panic, terror'. Survives in NJ- Alt., uyu:rl: 'his good and capable men in all direc-
Tel. pelig 'a simulated disease' I< I I' 1244 tions' IrkB 28 (the reading bu1u:grn in do. 13
and SW l'km. belig 'repugnance' and, until is an error for bulu:pan): Man. t o r t bulugug
recently, Osm. belig 'terror'; elsewhere dis- (spelt bttlunugr~~) y a r u t l r 'he illuminates the
placed by der. f.s of kork- or iirk-. Uyg. four quarters' Chuas. 11-12: Yen. t 6 r t
vrrr ff. ((Bud, belig t e g in U 11 25, 16 is a mis- bulugka: Ma/ 31, 3 : Uyg. vrlr ff. Chr. U I
reading of beligdek, q.v.): Civ. e r q u w w a t l 7, 16-17 (bhvik); Bud. Sanskrit diiom 'point
(so read for Rut:) bellg suv q u w w a t l terig of the compass, quarter' bulug y ~ g a : k TT
'the strength of a man is (his power to inspire) VIII A.1; 0.0. of this phr. U I 12, 6-7; IV
j~anic,the strength of water is its depth' T T 20, 251 ;,in the Tantric text T T VII 15 bulug
VII 42, 4: Xak. xr belig 'the panic (al-hazd- means a segment of the sky' and ylgak
hiz) which breaks out in a trihe on the approach 'direction, compass bearing' (see note thereon,
of their enemy' Kas. I11 370 (cf. bulga:k). p. 68); t o r t bulug PP 7, 2; 0.0. U 111 65,
4-5 (ii) (segir), etc.: Civ. ogdiin kiindiin
bula:n 'the elk'. Survives in NE several .
b u l u g d a . . kedin t a g d l n b u l u g d a 'in the
dialects p u l a n R IV 1374; Khak. ditto; Tuv. east and south quarters . . . in the west and
b u l a n ; N C Klr., Kzx b u l a n all meaning 'elk'; north quarters' TT I r42-3 ( b u l u ~in H I 19
SC Uzh. b u l a n a folk-lore word for 'a wild is the (Chinese?) name of some drug and not
horse' Bor. 89; N W Tat. bolan 'stag'. Cuv. connected with this word): X I V Chin.-Ujf.
pBlan Aslt. X 105 nortnally means 'stag' but Dict. 'the four quarters' t o r t bulug I.i,qeli 146
in some dialrcts 'elk'. See Slrcherbnk, p. 141, R I V 1375: Xak. XI bulug 01-zciwiya 'a
I>orrfcr 11 810. Xak. XI b14la:n 'the nainc of corner' Kag. 111 371: xrrr(?) Tef. bulug
a larpe wild animal which is hunted; it is in 'corner' 110 (in 108 a phr. transcrrbed b i r
the I<~pqakcountry. It has one horn in the
form of a vessel (a/-[rubb) with a hollow top
.
boliig . . b i r boliig explained as bn'di . . .
ba'di 'some (believed) and some (did not)' is
like a roof (a/-sand) in which snow and water pmb. amisreading of biiliik . . .boliik): Xwar.
collect; the female kneels down to let the male XIII(?)kundiinki b u l u g d a 'in the southern
drink out of her horn, and the male kneels quarter' 02. 215: Kom. xrv 'corner' bulug
down to let the female drink out of his horn' C C G ; Gr.
Kay. 1 4 1 3 (obviously 'elk'): Klp. xv yahmrir
'wild ass, onager' (sic) b u l a n Tuk. 39a 7 (xrv D bulun$ Dev. N. fr. b u l u n - ; 'gain, acquisi-
b u l n a k (v.1. bulanak) yalrmtir td. 35 is per- tion', and the like. Pec. to Uye. Uyg. vrrr ff.
haps a I>im. f. of this word). Man.-A (whoever endures suffering for the
sake of his body) a n a g u t l ~ s letiizke (ilmek
I; bulag Hap. leg.; I.-w. fr. Chinese ptr long a r t a m a k bulunqr o l 'his reward is the
'verandah' (Giles, 9,485 6.778). Cf. y a y l ~ k . acquisition of death and decay for his body'
Uye. V I I I fT. Bud. (in instructions for building M ZII 11, 12-14 ( i i ) : Bud. n o m bulunqlga
a house; at the front and the back and on both teguriip 'achieving acquisition of the doctrine'
sides) b u h 'verandahs'
~ T T VI 85. Suv. 154, 8 ; 0.0. do. 195, zo; 596, 8 ; TT W I I
E.3 (al~nqllg),9 (u$uzla:-), lo: Civ. bulunq
D b u l u n 'prisoner'; Intrans. Dev. N. fr. bul-,
but the semantic connection is not very close. [gap1 T T VIZ 35, 70.
N.0.a.h. Cf. t u t g u n . TUrku vrlr ogll:n Dis. V. BLN-
kisi:si:n brllun k l [ l ~ p ]'making his children
and wife prisoners' 1.r. 5 ; a.0. do. zz(?): Uyg. D bilin- ReR. f. of bil-, often used as Pass.;
vrri ff. Man. sizig m e n sizinte b u l u n 'to know oneself, to know one's own (some-
b o l t u m 'I am yours; I have become your thing Ace.); to be knoan'. S.i.a.m.l.g., usually
prisoner' M 111 24, 10-11 (i); a.0. do. 25, 9 as Pass. and with some extended meanings.
(iii): Xak. X I b u l u n ,al-axid rua'l-asir 'captive, Tiirkii v ~ r rff. Yen. altl: y a y r n t a : k a g
pr~snner' Kq. I 399 (verse); 0.0. I1 307, 7 adirdxm b i l i n m e d i m 'in my sixth year I was
(bovat-); 111 63, 21 (yul-); 85, 20 (yulun-); parted from my father, I did not know him'
97, 12. (yultur-): K B b u l u n 'prisoner' is Mal. 32, 16: Uyg. V I I I ff. Man. bilinrnedin
 3 44 D I S . V. I 3 L N -
(in a damaged pawage) 'inativertently(?)' stolcn \vllich is sul,scqucr~tly frtund in the
7'T 111 49: Hud, kentii b l l l n g e y e r i n q 'he possession of the thief nr somcone else'; hence
will surely know for h i m ~ e l f '(without being one says b l l i n q e k blldi: 'he recognized and
told) I'P 10, I ; bllin- is commonest in the found ('nrqfo rt,o rcocidn) the stolen ohject in
sense of 'to realize thnt (one has sinned)', e.& the hands of the thiefVI(o$.1 5 1 0 .
y a z u k u m n l b i l i n i i r h i z 'we rralize that we
haye sinned' T T 1 1 ; 8, 6.+-j; o.n, Sllv. 23 1) b u l u n q s u z Priv. N . i A , fr. b u l u n q ; 'un-
r40, I a n d ( k a k l n - ) arid in discoverable, unattainahle', and the like.
TTIJ,', 11 g j , 17ff.: x a k , s l e r ,:vln N.o.8.b. Uy@., VllIfT. Mnn. (my (;nd . .).
hilintli: 'the man knew a n d understood b u l u n q s u z u m 'my unattainable one' M II
('nrnfn tco !"!inn) his (own) business'; and one 8, 18: Bud. h u l u n q u s u z (sic) F l n t a m a n l
sn!-s e r ya:zukln bilinrli: 'the acknow- e r t i n i 'the unattainnhle jewel cintfirna?li1f'P
(;'lnrnftl) his sin' ,yay. 11 (bllln":r, S U Z several times in T7'
I.+,7 ; ~ U ~ U ~ I $occurs
bll1nrne:k); bi1inu:r 'rlr,fn 'it is known' 1 1 ~ ~VI,. see P. 65, note 140.
18; a.0. 228, 19: K B bjlingii 'he must I ) bellgtlek L)etl, N,in,s, fr, b c l l g ; 'terrify-
!inon this'727 ; a.o. g69:s111(?)At. b l l i g b l r l e i n g , friahtflll,, N,o,a,l,, tiye. v l l l ff.

h i l n i i r t n r f i t g e n id1 'the Lord, the Creator, belinclek lllllrllhl yek delllo,,

i.; kno\vri h y xvisdotn' 1 2 1 : pf. billn- 'to be I lidin~hn' CI I1 25, I(>-I 7 ; b e l l g d e k y n v l a k
kno~vn'102: G a g . SVIT. billn- dfi]ri.<ta$rtdnn iin terrifying e v i l sound, zo, 235; a,o,
'to he known' Snlr. 1 4 8 ~6. (quotns.): X w a r .
X I V ditto Qrtrb 33: K o m . xrv b i l i n r n e g e n 'not S1"" IZ'
knonn (hitherto)' C C G ; Gr. I> b u l u g s u z Hap. lep.; I'riv. X . / A . fr. b u l u g ;
'without (remote) corners'. U y g . V J I I fi. Uud.
L) b u l u n - Refl. f. of b n l - ; usually in Pass. T T 171 j27 (buqgakslz).
sense 'to he found'. Survives otily(?) in SW
Osm. with several meanings including 'to be T r i s . V. BLN-
found' and, simply, 'to be' (cf. French se
trortrer). U y g . vrlr ff. Civ. sen10 satrn~vq D belig1e:- Ilcn. V. fr. b e l i g ; 'to he ~ a n i c -
yfr b u l u n u p 'finding the land which you had stricken, terrified', and the like. Survives
sold' USp. 24, j 5 (dubious, this text is un- only(?) in NE Alt., Tcl. peligde- 'to suffer
satisfactory): X a k . yitfik bulundg: *the from an irnapinary disease' R I V 1244 and
stray (etc.) a.as found' (rrtrcidn) Kof. II 143 Osnl. b e l ' ~ ' e - / b e l ~ ~ l e'to
- he startled,
(bulnu:r, balunrna:k); bulnur yt;cnd 111 t o \v&e with a start'. 'I'iirkU V I I I ff. Man.
374, 6: K O b a y u s a tileki b u l u n s a tfikel 'if beligledi a n l g k o r k u t ~(sic) 'he bvas panic-
;,>,an grows rich and acquires all that he "ricken and \,cry frightened'
V I I I ff. Bud. Sanskrit r~~nlnhiintwnm
1 6 , 9: U Y ~ .
me(?)'my
desires9 1423; 0.0. 2066, 2332, 4235, etc.:
plfi.s v ff. b ~ l l u ~ l - ( - s olrrrt-
a) 'to he' Vc[. 154; terror' (?) pe:ligle:n~e:k m e : n j g T T VIII
hulutl- hrirlor~rtn rrrrr?crrid rro yqft jttdnlnrr "to C.15 ; 0.0. ( I 11 293 17 ctc. ( i i r k - ) ; U 38,
be; to he found' ( I l r n d . ) R r ~ t .139". 7 (Rlinti 137; St(%'. 5. 10 (kork"f' b e l l ! l l e ~ ) ; 141. 7:
~ , u O t n , ) xWar.
: XI\8 bulull- *to find for X a k . X I e r he1igle:dl: 'the nlan woke with n
r,neself; to be(?)' grr,b 36 (Znj. transcribes "art (7~0!f7hrl) hrratrsc hc had hccn tcrrifird'
holtrn-). (hi-fox' osfihottrr); nlsn user1 of nny nnin~al
when it is frightened (fnzn'n) of son~ething
1) bu1na:- Ilcn. V. fl-. l ) u l u n ; 'to capture, suddenly and shies away and is scared (rrnfarn)
take (someone Arc.) prisoner'. N.0.tl.h. X a k . h'rrr.III 409 (beligle:r, belig1e:me:k): I<D
.;I er yagt:nt: bulna:tll: ' ( t l ~ cman captured b e l i g l e p o d u n d l 'he woke a start' 4 ~ 6 3 ;
thc enemy' Kn?. I11 301 (bulna:r, bu1na:- a.0. q g j o : X w a r , xrv beligle- ditto Qrrlh 26
ma:k); o.o. I 60, q $o:le:s); II 153, 8. (mis- (mi%-spelt bnligln-).
translated rmcndn to find'): K R k i i ~ i i l
b u l n a s a bold1 e r k s i z kivi 'when his mind is Dis. V. RLR-
captured, a man ceases to he his own master' brlBur-'
3855: X w a r . X I V b u l n a - 'to take prisoner'
Qrrth 37. 'Tris. BLR
L) b u l n e t - 11;117. leg.; C:ius. f. of bulna:-. I: b l l r r z f i v See bile:ziik.
X n k . X I 01 ani: b u l n a t t t : nrlnrtorn bi-iscirihi
fir-rtsirn 'hr ordered that he should he captured, nis. V. BLS-
so he was capturril' K n ~ .I1 350 ( b u l n a t u : r ,
hu1natma:k). D b i l s i k - Etnphntic ( ? ) I'ass. f. of b i l - ; 'to he
known'. N.0.a.h. Uyg. vlrr ff, h d . Sanskrit
T r i s . BLN jCGtnpvrrlso 'a well-known man' b l l s i k m l $
ki$l ya:lguk 7'7' t'lII F.7; X a k . X I a n l o
1) beligci: N.X.K.fr. b e l i g ; survives onll-(?) y a g u t ,:$I: bllsikti: affairs
in h'E I h r . p i f i g d z i R 11' 1340. X a k . hecame knnwn' ('irr!fnln) hTo~.II 228 (bilsike:r,
(after belig) and 'a man who is scarcd' (n1- bils1kme:k); a.o. 1 2 1 , 12.
-nnftir) of something is called beligqi: klqi:
Knj. I11 371 ; n.m.e. INS. R L S '

1) bilinqek Hap. leg.; Conc. N. fr. bllin-. D bilig Dev. N. (with some connotation of
X a k . X I bilingek ne:g 'the word for anything mutuality) fr. b i l - ; 'an acqtraintancc, friend'.
 DIS.
S.1.s.m.l. in this sense, and sometimes more mina'l-muddf;ra 'to help' bolug- Hou. 41, 19:
generally for 'knowledKel and the like. Uye. XIV bolugtu: a'dna 'to help'; bolug a'in ma
V I I I ff. Bud. yarhrf m~stuiikayd'like praisers' rd'id 'help (me)!'; the origin is bol meaning
(perhaps taken to mean 'like those who praise $ir 'hecome', fr. bold@: $&a, and the -9-
you') kaltt: blllgig1zle:r~e: T T V I I I A.3 indicates rec~procalaction, that is ~ d y a r a and
;
(spelt pliy); etaj jiicitvd yathdbhtitain 'as if this jt was transferred (nuqila) to the meaning sd-
man was known (to you)'(?) a n t bilig [gap] ada: the essence of the transfer of meaning
do. E.5: X a k , X I bill9 al-ma'rifa ccahrva is that whoever is with you makes it his busi-
Ircihunci $$a rua laysa mnydar 'acquaintance'; ness to give you his help Id. 35: xv Tuh. 85b. 6
(al-ma'rifa) is here a common Noun and not (bolug).
an Infinitive Kay. I 367 (i.e. 'acquaintance',
not 'knowledge'); -g is a Suff. in such words as D bulup- Co-op. and Recip. f. of bul-; 'to
bilig li-man yakcn ma'ahu ma'rifa 'for one with find (somethinu Acc.) together; to find one
whom you are acquainteq I 12, 15: K B (a another', and the like. Survives only(?) in
new-comer always meets with difficulties) S W Osrn. Tiirkii V I I I ff. Toy. III zv. 3-5
blligi yok e r s e 'if he has no acquaintances' ( I a:l): Xak. X I o1a:r lkki: bi:r bi:rig
492; kiglke k e r e k t e g m e yerde bill$ 'a man bulugtl: 'those two found (uacnda) one
needs acquaintnnce~ everywhere' 497; 0.0. another' Kag. 11 107 (bulugu:r, bu1ugma:k):
524. 2251: X w a r . X I V bilig ditto Qrrth 33: Gag. xv ff. bulug- Recip. f.; ham-dipr-rd
KIP. X I I I (in a list of various kinds of people) dar-yciflan 'to find one another' Son. 1 3 9 ~I. I :
al-ma'rifa bilig Hou. 32, 9: X I V ditto Rul. 9, KIP. xlv bulug- ittafaqa 'to make an agree-
5 : O s m . X I V ff. blli$ 'an acquaintance'; ment with one another' fd. 35.
c.i.a.p. T T S I I M ; I1 144; 11194; I V 105
T r i s . BLZ
D bolug 'help, helper'; Dev. N. fr. bol-; the ?C bi1e:ziik 'bracelet'. Radloff's auggestlon
semantic connection is tenuous, but cf. bolug-. that this is a crasis of bilek yiiziik is plausible;
S.i.s.m.1. Xak. X I boluq at-i'dna bi'l-kaldm the connection with bilek is obvious, and
'helping with words'; hence one says 01 maga:
bolug k ~ l d t :a'dnani bi'l-kaldin Ka?. 1 367: the word is hard to explain in any other way.
T h e existerrce of forms with medial -r- is
Kom. xrv 'helper' bolug CCG; Gr.: KIP. xv disconcerting, but they are all late (the Uyg.
in a grammatical section under istig@ 'calling occurrence is in an xvrn MS.) and are
for help' the recommended phr. are m a : (fr. prob. Sec. f.s. Survives in S E Turki blleziik:
maga:) boluguguz/bolug eyleyiglz/madad NC IGr. bilerik (sic); Kzx. bilezik: SC
eyleylglz Tuh. 85b. 6. Sart bilerzik R I V 1763; Uzb. bilaguzuk
D bulug Dev. N. fr. bul-; survives in S W (sic): N W bilezik (Kaz. belez6k); S W Az.
Osm. in such meanings as 'invention, dis- bilerzlk; Osrn., Tkm. bilezik. In some
covery'. Xak. X I bulug al-manfa'atrt'llati modern langua~es'hracelet' is reprcsented by
yaciduhd'l-mcttl 'alrf fi'lja'alahu 'the advantage other der. f.s of bilek, N E Khak. pilektes;
which a man gets from something that he has Tuv. bi1ekte:g; NC Tob. bileklik R I V
dor~e'Kaj. 1367. 1762. See Doerfer 11 765. Uyg. V I I I ff. Bud.
(people find gold ore and smelt and refine it;
and with the manufacture) bllerzukte
Dls. V. BLS- (text bilerziivte) ul[atl] esrigii a d r u k a d r u k
D bllig- Recip. f. of bil-; 'to know une etlglerig 'various particoloured ornaments,
another; to be acquainted with (someone, bracelets and the like' Sttv. 71, 18-19: Xak.xr
birle:).' S.i.m.m.1.g. Xnk. 01 m e g i g birle: bi1e:ziik al-mi'yam 'bracelet' Kap. 1518, 12 etc.
biligdi: ta'draja nra'i 'he was acquainted with (kavlr-); n.m.e.: XIII(?)Tef. blleziik 'brace-
me' Kag. I1 107 (bill$li:r, bi1igme:k); 0.0. let' l o t : xlv Muh. nl-simrfr 'bracelet' bi:le:zli:k
111 71, 17; 188, 19 (verse, Object in Dai.): Mel. 53, 6; Rif. 150 (adding al-xalx6l 'anklet'
K B blllgmez klailer k a r a g u sang 'people aya:k bi:le:ziiki:): Gag. xv ff. bilerzik (sic)
without acquaintances are like blind men' 493; 'a bracelet (dastina) that women wear on their
biligtl y e m e 01 klaller bile 'he became arms' in Pe. dast-barancan, in Ar. siwdr Sun.
acquainted, too, with people' 499; a.0. 2251 : 149v. 2: Klp. X I I I a/-sirudr bile:zil:k IIort. 17,
X w a r . x ~ vbilliv- (sic) 'to be acquainted with 20: xrv bilezik ditto fd. 36: xv ditto bile:ziik
(someone, birle)' Quth 33. Kao. 64, 12; Tub. ~ g b .6: Osrn. xv bilezik
in a phr. T T S 11194.
D bolug- Recip. f. of bol-; lit. 'to come to-
gether', but usually 'to help (someone Dot.)'. T r i s . V. BLZ-
S.i.s.nl.1. in NE, SE. NUr in one or both
meanings. Xak. X I 01 maga: bolugdr: D bi1e:ziiklen- Hap. leg.; Refl. Den. V. fr.
ta'a$yaba li wa arrid I Itarud'i nva $dcnra Ii-acoli bi1e:ziik. X a k , XI ig1e:r bi1e:zuklendi: 'the
ma' man yrtnC~uini'he allied himself to me and woman wore a bracelet' (01-sirurfr) Kaf. III
desired my friendship and fought on my side 205 (bile:ziiklenu:r, bile:ziiklenme:k).
gain st anyone who rose up against me'
Kay. II 108 (bolu$u:r, bo1ugma:k); a.0. 11 D ~ SBMC:
.
rro, 3 (Mgiir): Gag. xv ff. bolug- Recip. F b a m u k 'cotton'; ultimately der. fr. Greek
f.; ha-ham p d a n rua brida7r 'to come or be bonrbrcx 'silk worm', but prob. acquired through
togeiher' San. 13gv. 11: K I ~ .X I I I ddjnra some Middle Iranian language, cf. Pe. panba.
 RION. V. B N -
a thousand' I r h B 32; 8.0. Turr. I l i a . 4 ( E T Y 349; m u g u m h a m t a k l m 391; 0.0. 3503.
11 94): (Man. rnlgllg t i i m e n l l g k u v r a g 3854: XIII(?)At. 30 (egfr-): G a g . xv fi. m u g
'communities of a thousand and ten thousand bald oe mihna . . . buglu we mihnatlu 'mi+
(people)' T T 118. 57): UyR. vrrr b l g certainly fortune, sorrow . . . unhappy, sofrowful' Vel.
occurs in Su. E 9, I I ; N. 6 and proh. S 2 ; the 386; m u g (spelt) dard ma Ram 'sorrow, nrief'
reading b i g in the much damaged line between Sun. 3 2 0 ~ .22 (quotn.): KIP. X I V b u n ('with
N and W is very dubious: vrrr ff. Bud., Civ. back vowels') 01-raculu'l-gimr 'ignorant man,
m l g is fairly common: 0. Krr. rx ff. b i g simpleton' Id. 37; m u g (-0 marked) al-hcica
certainly occun in Mal. 3, 5 ; 42, 2 and b l g in ura'l-darrira 'need, distress' Id. 88: xv balid
45, 8 ; other supposed occurrences are dubious 'silly, foolish' (VU) m u g Tuh. 7a. 9; rdc ma
or errors: X a k . X I m i g 'a thousand' Kay. I11 mugaff01 'simpleton' (VU) m u g do. r9a. I (if
360 (prov.); a.0.o.: K B m l g is common I I I , it were not for the statement 'tvith back
r 12, 284-5, etc.: xrrr(?) At. m i g is common 8, vowels' all theqe words except one might be
36, etc.; Tef. m i g 224: xlv Mfh. 'a thousand' taken to belong to 1 bit:n): O s m . xlv to xvrr
is mi:g in 'I'urkistan and bi:g in 'our country' b u g 'pain, distress'; common till xvr TTS I
Mel. 8, 2 ; Rif. 80 (cf. bc:~); a.o. 82, I ; 187: 123; 11 175; 111 116; I V 131.
Gag. xv ff. m i g biy 'adnd mn'nn'stna Vel. 384;
m i g 'thousand', in Ar. nli/ Son. 321 v. 5 V U 1 bu:n 'defect' and the like. In this mean-
(quotn.): X w a r . xrv m l g Quth I I r ; MA' 50 ing survives only(?) in NC Klr. m U n ; KZX.
etc.: K o m , x ~ vm l g C C G ; 0 . : KIP. X I I I m l n . It seems proh., howcver, that the Osm.
m i : n Ifori. 22, 19: xlv m l n Id. 58; bin BuI. word b o n 'simpleton', in xrx spelt, or mis-
13, r : xv m l n Kaw. 35,20; m i g Knw. 60b. 13: spelt, biig, is the same word with a rather
O s m . xlv ff. b i g c.i.3.p.: xvr~rbig (spclt) in different meaning, and the long vowel in Kag.
Rrinzi 'a thousand', in tag. pronounced m i g points more to -6:-than -u:-. Uyg. V I I I ff.
San. 15or. 26. Man.-A M I 23, 32 (baca:): Bud. Suv. 135,
57; etc. ( k a d a g ) : X a k . XI mti:n al-dci' cw'&
F b u n I.-w. from Sogdian pwn 'basis, founda- - ayb 'illness, defect'; one says m i i : n @ h )
tion'; n.0.a.b. U y k . vtrr ff. Civ. kiln t e g r i k i ~ i 01-raculrr'l-s~lim~r'l-qnl(,
: 'a sound-hearted
b u n sat11 'the basic number of the sun' TT man' Kay. 111140 (prov. containing mii:,nsiiz
V I I 9, 13-14; a.0. do. 18. which should obviously be restored in -the
preceding phr.): K B m i i n is common in anti-
V U b o g prob. a mere onomatopoeic; it is thesis to e r d e m ; c.g. the king said 'I have
hard to explain the combination of b - and grasped these virtues of yours (erdemlerig),
- 0 in Xak. in nny other way. N.o.a.b. X a k . now tell me miiniig b a r m u have you any
XI al-racrrlrr'l-ca,'~nriyr~'l-'nbl'a thickset, big defects?' 683; t l r i g l i k n i m i i n k11 'live to the
man' is called b o g kipi:: b o g ahbreviation full' 232; 0.0. 533, 686 (drsellik), 720, 908:
(qnjr) of (VU) p a b a g a/-mirsahba 'sledge- xrv Muh. a/-'ayb mu:n in Turkistan, bii:n in
hammer'; and one says of the sound of a 'our country' Me/. 8, 2; Rij. 80 (cf. h e n ) ;
hravy ohject fall in^ to the ground b o g etti: a.0. 5 2 , s ; 1.18: KIP. (?l'km.) xrv b u n nl-'ayb
Kay. I11 354. !d. 336 (and see h u g ) : Osm. xrvff. b o n
b u g 'grief, sorrow, niclancticrly', and the like. srrnpleton, idiot'; c.i.a.p. T T S I 1 18; I1 168;
S.i.a.m.l.~.;in S W only(?) in xs Anat. b u n I11.112; I V 126.
5130 231. TOrkil vlrr Plte: b u g y o k 'therc 2 b u n 'soup, hroth'. Survives only(?) in NE,
is n o distress in the rcalm' I S 3 ; a.o. do. 8 ;
n e bu01: b a r erteqi: e r m i p 'what (cause for) several dialccts m l n / m i i n R I V 2152, 2221;
Khak., Tuv. m i i n ; r G s t modern languages use
distress would he have had?' 7: 57: vrrr ff. Pe. q u r b a oftenchanped to g o r b a . Uyj2,. v r ~ff.
r
Man. (if we havc broken these commandments) Civ. m i i n b i r l e iqgii 01 'he should drink it
m u D u m u z t a k l m t z t e g i p 'because distress
or compulsion(?) affected us' Chuas. zoo; with soup' H I I r r-z ; 0.0. do. 43 ; I1 32, 17:
X a k . xr m u n 01-mornqa 'soup, broth'; I have
m u g a c t i n 'hecause of (our) distress' do. 230;
heard a Yakma: say m u n keldlir 'bring the
;.o. 251: U y a . V I I I ff. Bud. n e m u g t a k bolt1
what irresistible compulsion came into soup', and it ~ 5 - hrought
a~ with noodle3 (bi'l-
existence?' (so that you had to send your son on -itriya), hecause that is what they meant. In
a dangerous journey) P I' 26, I (this seems the writing the words (in this section) in Turkish
best translation here); a.o. Suv. 7, I r (ogar-): script (i.e. UyKur) it is necessary to insert
Xak. X I m u g ta:g dirsrr'l-h~rlum 'wisdom a vowel letter (hnrfn'l-layn), but in speaking
tooth'; hence one s a y s ' m u g ta:e undl: 'the they are pronounced as I have written them
(i.e. with a short vowel) Kay. 1 340; about a
wisdom tooth hns crupted' (this looks like the dozen 0.0.. usually spelt mU:n: Oguz. KIP.,
same phr. used mctnph.): m u g a[-mi!mn S u w Z r i n xr thc 'l'urks call 'soup' mii:n; and
'distress, sorrow' Kay. 111360 (prov.); (do not this group (01-!nhaqa) call it bU:n Kay. I 3 1 , 1 8 :
cross the Kara: Yalia: pass) k a r a : mu:g (ric)
kelmekinqe: 'unless an overwhelming cala- xlv Afirh.(?) 01-y~rrhd'soup' mfi:n Ri/. 16s
(only): KIP. xrrr a/-tnnroqn m t i y l n (sic; also
mity ( n l - d C h i j m t ~ i ' l - t n ~ l i m nappronches'
) III callpd pu:rba: Pe. word) Hou. 15, 15.
33. 2 ; two 0.0. : K B (all sufferina mortals upere
created by Him) m u g 1 y o k i d i 'the Lord who
has no sufferings' 5 ; lslznlg kiinige m i 9 M o n . V. BN-
a r t a r m u g 1 'the sorrows of the wicked Inan D 1 ba:n- Ilefl. f., sometimes used us Pass., of
increase at the rate of a thousand a day' ba:-; 'to hind on oneself; to be bound'.
 N.0.a.h. 0. Klr. I S IT. Alal. 3, 2 etc. (k6:g): fight~npmarl'. N.o.a.l~, but thc first vowcl is
Xak. X I ko:y bandl: 'the sheep was bound' fixed h y m u n t l u z , q.v. Some connection is
(rtrbi!~); a l ~ oused of anvthing that is tied with also possthle with S W su Anat. bonul- 'to be
a rope ($udda hi-mo!n'q): the - n - was changed feehle-minded' S D D 218 and bun- 'to he dis-
from -1- K a f . 11 27 (ba:nar (?sir, the second satisfied' do. 232. LJyg. Y I I I IT. Man.-A A l
consonant carries no vowel sign and has one I11 29, 3-.+(ii) (a:z-): Bud. T T VI 215 (tam-):
dot above and two below), banma:k); e r Xak. xr kart: e r m u n d ~'the old man (etc.)
t u l u m m a n d l : lahisa'l-racultr'l-sil* 'the man was senile' Kaj. I1 30 (muna:r, m u n m a : k ) :
put on weapons' do. 1130 (see 2 ban-): X w a r . KB ukuglug kigl k o r k a r l s a m u n a r 'an
xlv b a n - 'to bind (something Acc.) on oneself' intelligent man when he grows old hecnmes
path 26. senile' 294; a.o. 3600 ( 2 bulak): xrrr(?) At.
a z u k u t s u z a j u n k a r ~ p m um u n a r 'or is
2 b a n - 'to dip (something Acc., in a liquid, this unhappy world nld and scnile?'qqR: X I V
etc.. Dot.)'. Survives as m a n - in S E Turki R hTtrh.(?) rirrina 'to be possessccl by evil spirits,
I V 2015 (only) and NW Kaz., and as b a n - in mad' mu:n- (and tlelii: 01-) Rif, 107 (only):
S\i' Osm. 'There is a cognate word m a l - , with KIP. (?'I'km.) b u n - snrtfn 'to he senile' fd.
the same meaning, in SE Turki, Shoru,Jarring, 36: O s m . xvrrr b u n - (sic) in R f m i sarif tun
and NC Klr., Kzx. Xak. XI . . . and one says jartti! 'senilc, a dotard' Sort. 141v. ~g (there is
e r etme:k sirke:ke: mandl: 'the man dipped no other trace of this vrrl, in Ostn. ; it is trsns-
(rohofn) the hread in vinepar and seasoned Iaterl as a Noun, and tnny he nn crror for
(i'todarnn) it with it'; also used of anything that 1 bu:n).
is dipped and seasoned Kaj. 11 30 (mana:r,
manma:k): F a g . xv ff. m a n - (spelt) 'to dip' VU *hog- See miig-
(frrrri hrrrdnn) bread and the like in water, sour
milk, etc. Son. 31%. 19 (quotns.): X w a r . XIV Dis. DNA
m a n - ditto Nakc. 3 0 1 ~ 4 K
: o m . xrv 'to baptise' begi: 'joy' and the like. N.0.a.h.; to be care-
m a n - C C G ; Gr.: Ktp. ( ? T k m . ) x ~ vban- fully distinguished fr. beggii: with which it is
farnasn 'to dip' fd. 3s: O s m . xvrrr b a n - in easily confused in some scripts. 'Tiirkti VIII
Rrinri furci rajfan 'to go down, sink', in CaR. Blterfg x a g a n elinte: k a r l p edgii: begl:
m a n - Sart. 127r. 21 (mistranslation due to the kijrti: 'he grew old in the realrn of glterig
fact that in Osm. both b a n - and b a n d u r - , Xagan and experienced great joy' Ix. 3: vrrr ff.
q.v., mean 'to dip'). Man. et6z meglsi 'bodily pleasures' T T I18,
*bag- See mag-. 43: Uyg. v r r ~ff. Man.-A M I 12, 10-11
(ortuklug): Rlan. e r t i m l l g m e g i k e ilig-
*baii- See mayll, mayll-, maytp- and? m i ~ k 'toe one attached to transitory pleasures'
*baiiak. 7'7' 111 s o ; a.o. 123: Dud. rnegl t e g i n m e k
e m g e k t e g l n m e k 'to experience joy and
bin- 'to mount, or ride (a horse, etc., Acc.)'. snrrow' U II lo, 29; v l ~ a y l tmegiier
~ 'sen-
C.i.a.p.a.l.; in S \ V Osm. hin-, elsewhere sun1 (Sntiskrit I.-w.) plrasurrs' do. 28, z (ii);
min-/miin-. T u r k i i vrrr boz atkg binip o.o. G' I I I 43, 13; T T II' 1 2 , 60; PJnhl.8,8:
'riding the prev horse' I E 32; 10 0.0, in I and Civ. T T I 21-2 (bulcluk-): X a k . xr K I i
two in I.Y.: V I I I ff.(a thief) tutu:pan minmi:g m e g i l i g t u r u r kiir m e g i yok y ~ g a y'the
'caught and mounted it' I r k s 16: UyB. joyless poor Inan is joyful' 6370.
vrrr ff. Civ. m i i n g u IkI a t 'two riding horses'
USp. 53 (i), 5 : 0. Klr. rxff. MaI. 41, 9 *bBfii: 'hrain'. This word occurs in a puzzling
( a l t m ~ g ) : Xak. XI e r a t m u n d i : 'the man variety of forms which are best explained by
rode (rakiba) the horse (etc.)' Kag. I1 30 assuming that they ultimately go back to
( m i i n e x , munme:k); a.o.0. :K B a t l n m u n d i *bCfii:. Cf. baiiak. Survives in NE Alt.,
keldi 'he mounted his horse and came' 576; Kumd., Tor, Tel. m e : R I V 2066; Khak. m l ;
0.0. 1388, 1608, etc. (v.1. m i n - in some cases): St.: 'I'urki mlge/migi/mig Shnru, L#$,Jnrring;
x ~ r ~ (Tef.
? ) min-/miin- 'to mount, ride' 223- NC 1<1r. me:; fZzx. m l y ; SC Uxh. m i y a ;
227: X I V hluh. (Zayd came) 'Amrii atlnl: NW IZaz. m i Kk. m i y ; Krrm m e 0 R I V
m u n g a q (LC) 'riding 'Amrii's horse' fllel. 14, 2079; Kumyk m a y l m i y ; NOR.m t y ; SW Az.,
5; Rif. 90 (hut bingay); miinip1mii:nip 15, Osm. beyin; Tkm. beyni. c u v . m i m e Ash.
12; m i n i p qz; n.m.e.: Gag. xvff. m i n - V I I I 242 shows a con~plicatedpicture of cross-
('with -i-') s~rrucirptrdnrz 'to ride' Son. 321r 14 assimilation. Uyg. vlrr ff. Civ. u l a r n l g
(quotns.): X w a r . xlrr bin- ditto 'Ali 36: m h y i s i n 'the brarn of a partridge' If 1 6 3 ; a.o.
slrr(?) m i n - 02. 16, 226; XIV m i n - Q~rth112, do. 89: Xak. xr mPgi: dirnci, 'brain' Kaf. I1
iI.IAr 49; miin- Qtrth I 12; Nahc. 23, 15; 39, 299 (saylt-); n.m:e.: K R mevesi tolu 'with
3-4: K o m . xrv 'to mount' m i n - C C G ; Gr. a full brain' (i.e. intelligent) 57; ukug ornr
165 (quotn.): Kip. X I I I rakiha m i n - Hou. 33, iistiin m e g e d e (v.1. megtde) t u r u r 'the seat
i7i xrv m l n - ditto Id. 88 (and 36); T k m . bin- of understanding is up in the hrain' 1836:
do. 36 (and 88): xv KIP. ditto m i n - Kaw. 22, Gag. s v ff m e y i n l m e y n inogiz-isar 'the brain'
20; Trrh. 1 7 a 13; a.o.o. Son. 319' 29; mByB (spelt) ditto 321 v. l o :
Xwnr. xlv m 6 g l 'brain' Qtrth I I I : K o m . xrv
b u n - 'to be mentally deranged or disturbed', 'brain' m e g C C I ; Gr.: KIP. x ~ r rmirxm'l-
in the sense either of 'being senile, feeble- -din122 'the fleshy part of the hrain' beyin
minded' or of 'losing control of oneself, going HOII. 21, iI : x ~ vm e y i a/-dim@; T k m .
 DIS. BND
beynl Id. 80: xv utrim#t'l-m's 'the brain' 2-3 ( K T I ' I I 57): Uyg. vrrl ff. Man. ylnqtillig
(t8pe; in margin) beyini 7'1th. 4a. 1,3j monquklar 'pearl necklaces' T T 11 15,
dithnri'l-dimit 'the soft material of the hrarn I 1-12: Bud. m a n ] monquk e r t i n l 'the Mani
m6yini (in margin beyini) do. 15a. 12: O s m . (Sanskrit) necklace(?) jewel' U II 37, 55;
xfv ff. beyni 'brain' in several texts down to m o r v a r r t (fr. Greek margarifes) m o n q u k a
xvlr and one later T T S 1 9 4 ; I1 133; 11187; pearl necklace' U I11 15, 4 (ii); (my dear son
I V 98. I love you) ayadakl y i n w m o n q u k t e g 'like
a pearl necklace in the palm of the hand' PP
Dis. V. BNA- 6, 8 ; 0.0. T T V 20, 14 (in Note A 117); 26,
D bilne:- Den. V. fr. I bu:n; rare but found loo: Civ. (if one burns and pulverizes) yllan
with two different mcatiin~s:( I ) 'to be, or find, b a y monquknl meaning obscure, 'a necklace
defective'; (2) 'to trim' (in the sense of remov- of snake's heads', or 'the beads in (or on) a
ing defects). Survives only in the latter sense snake's head' H I 130: Xak. XI monquk kull
in N C Kzx. mine-. U g. V I I I ff. Dud. xarnza mina'l-huli 'any bead used as a personal
(because he held these d w s ) uzatl y6rer ornament': m o n q u k 'any kind of jewel, lion's
rniineyiir ertigiz 'you blamed and found claw or amulet (mina'l-cawdhir aw bard!ini'l-
fault with him at great length' Hiien-ts. 1798: -asad awi'l-tamiyim) hung on the neck of a
Xak. xr 01 to:nug miine:di: 'he cut the sides horse' Kaj. I 4 7 5 ; 0.0. II 123 (suriil-); III 121
(qala'a'l-alrcI/) of the garment in order to save (to$): XIIT(?)TP/. m o n g u k 'necklace' 226
in from unevenness (al-itthird/), etc.' Kag. I I I (mitnritk): F a g . xv ff. mrnqag (sic, spelt) xar-
274 (miine:r, mune:me:k): xrv M~rh.(?)'&a muhra 'bead' Son. 321 v. 3 (quotn.): KIP. X I V
min nafsihi 'to have a personal defect' miine:- m o n q u k al-xaraz wa'l-fuytif 'bead, the bezel
Rif. 112 (only): KIP. xlv (after biin al-'ayb) of a ring'; also called bonquk ( 7 in Tkm.)fd.
hence one says bune- (and bunlle-, sic?) 89: xv xaraz bonquk Tuh. 1 4 b 2: O s m .
'aha Id. 36. XVIII bonquk in Rtimi, 'bead' in Ar. xaraza
San. 141 v. 20.
Dis. B N C
VU *biinqig See miincig.
D bunqa: Equative f. of 1 bu:; 'as many, or as
much, as this; so many, or much', and the like. Tris. BNC
S.l.s.m.1. as m u n q a and the like, and in SW
Osm. as bunca. Cf. anqa:. Tiirkil vrlr C *bunqulayu: See munqulayu:.
bunqa: is fairly common, e.g. bunqa: y6rke:
siiledim 'I made expeditions to as many T r i s . V. BNC-
countries as this' I S 4 (they had just been D *banquklan- See manquklan-,
enumerated); II S 12 ( b ~ q - ) ; V I I I ff. Man.
m u n q a iikiiv t ~ n l ~ g k 'so
a many living D *bonquklan- See monquklan-.
creatures' Chuas. 119; a.o. do. 91: Uyg. vrrr
bunqa: bitigig 'so many(?) inscriptions' $u. Dis. B N D
Sb.: vrll ff. Man.; Bud.; Civ. m u n q a is fairly C b u n t a g Crasis of bu: and te:g; 'like this';
common, e.g. M I 18, 3 (i) ( a d ~ r - ) :Xak. X I cf. a n t a g with which this word is practically
K B m u n q a bediz 'so much adornment' 96: synonymous. As pointed out by T . Tekin in
XITI(?)At. neliik m 5 l k a m u n q a k6gul On K6k Tiirkic biinfegi, CAJ V I I I 196, there ir
b a m a k t g 'why do you set your mind so much one occurrence of this word with regressive
on wealth? 183; a.0. 429: Gag. xv ff. m u n c a instead of progressive vocalic assimilation.
(spelt) inqadr 'this amount, as much as this' S.i.a.m.1.g. except S W as m u n t a g with minor
San. 3 2 0 ~ .10 (quotn.): X w a r . x ~ vm u n q a phonetic changes ((-11-1-1- ;-t-1-d- ;-El-kl-y).
'so many' Qutb I I I : K o m . xrv m u n q a 'so Ttirkii V I I I n e g yerdeki: x a g a n l ~ bodunka:
g
much', etc. C C G ; Gr. 165 (quotns.): KIP. xv buntegi: b a r e r s e r 'if a people ruled by a
'for so many years ~ a s t m' u n c a ylldan beri xa&n in any country had a (xagan) like this'
Ttth. gob. 12: O s m . xrv ff. b u n c a (in two T 56-7: vrrr ff. Alan. b u m u n t a g t a r l u g a l p
XIV and xv texts m u n c a ) 'so much, etc.; a d a 'these kinds of grievous dangers' T T II
(occasionally) thus'; c.i.a.p. T T S I 124; II 6, 22; 0.0. 8, 38 and 45: Uyg. V I I I ff. Bud.
178, 698; 111 116; I V 131. m u n d a g saktnq killp 'thinking thus' T T V
8, 68-9; 10, rro; a.o.0.: Xak. XI Kay. I 3 6
D *banquk See manquk. (1 09); I 6 4 (osug); I 160, 3; 111 154 (sa:v);
bonquk (?bonqok) 'bead, bead necklace'; in n.m.e.: KB k a l ~m u n d a g e r s e yorlk 'if his
some early occurrences perhaps, more genc- xrrr(?) conduct is like this' 175; 0.0. 292, 727. etc.:
rally, 'jewel'. T h e modern forms s u g ~ e s t Gag. xv Tef. m u n d a g 'thus, like this' 225:
strongly that the second vowel was originally gibt Vel. ff.385; m u n d a k bungxlaym rca bunug
m u n d a k (I) inpnin 'thus'
-0-. Survives in NE Khak. m o n c ~ k : SE (quotn.); (2) in waqt 'at this time'; m u n d a k t a
Turki m o n q a k : N C Krr. monqok; Kzx. dar in waqt (quotn.) San. 3 2 0 ~ . 13: Xwar.
m o n g a k : S C Uzb. m u n q o k : NW Kk. X I I I m u n d a g l m u n d a k 'thus' 'AIi 1 2 : xrv
m o n g a k ; Kumyk m i n q a k ; NOR. m o y ~ a k
(sic): S W Az. m u n c u k ; Osm. boncuk; Tkm. m u n d a g 'thus' Nahc. 237, 3; 413, 5-6.
m o n c u k . T i i r k u vrlr ff. (a statement regard- F *banda:r(?) See manda:r.
ing the virtues) torliig monqu:ku:g taglar1:g
'of various jewels and (precious) stones' Toy. D *bunduz See m u n d u z .
 dunK'. For the phonetic e\r)lutior~cf. *b6fil:.
D bugad- Intrans. Den. V. fr. b u g ; 'to be Survives only(?) in S E 'l'iirki n ~ a y n k'shecp's
distressed' and the Ilke. Surv~vesin S E Tiirki and camels' droppings' Sham, Jarring. UyR.
mugay- Shutu 184 (only); S C Klr., l i z x . vlrl ff. Ilud. u d m a y a k l 'co\v-dung' ( I 1 29, 6
m u g a y - ; and presumably SC Uzb. m u n k a y - (u:d): Civ. m a y a k 'dung' vccurs several times
'to be bowed, bent'; and S W Osm. buga- hut in H I and II the animals concerned I)eing
all authorities agree that this means 'to be pigeons, cows, can~els,and wolves: Xnk. xr
senile' and the like, which suggests a false m a y a k 'dung' (ha'r), specifically of the camel;
etymology fr. bun-. T u r k u v l r ~(the guide thence the rrord is used Inore generally
lost the way and was strangled) bugadlp (ytsla'dr), and one says ko:y mayakl:
xagnn 'the xa2at1, being worried' (said 'advance 'sheep's dung'; i t is not used o f I~urses,for
at a trot') 2' 26: UyR. vrrr tf. Bud. U II 31, which the word is yundak Kni. III r67
47, etc. (2 aJm-); U I11 72, 22 etc. (2 tagla:-): (pmr.): m e j e k ('with -J-') ca'rrc'l-ha111 'dog's
Xak. sr (in a prnv.) e r oglr: muga:Jma:s 'a dung'; hcrlce one says it tnejekl: I 3y2 (pre-
son of tnan is not pertnancntly at a loss' (Id sun~ahlya further corruption of this uord):
yo4tarr id!irfir yahqri fihi; but uscs his in- O g u z st b a y n a k 01-fnrj 'dung' Kaj. I11 I 75:
genuity and so Rets out of his difficulty) Ka& KID. X I I I 01-ba'r mayn:k Iforc. 15, 5.
..
I1 8 ~ zc:
-.* , n.1n.e.: K O (he carile to the town
but found no lodpinps) m u g a d t l m u y a n l l k t a 1) * b a g ~ g See m n g l g
tiigti bnrlp 'he Ires at a loss, and went
to a charitable institution and lodged there'
489; 0.0. 29 (elig), 492. 572, 3767 ( o t a g ~ i : ) : *buAgak See m u y g a k .
X I V hluh.(?) tftaqara 'to be poor, dest~tute'
rnu:Da:- ( ? , the entry is a muddle) Rif. 104 *bunga:n See mungn:tl.
(only); a/-fitqr mu:ga:ymak 125: F a g .
sv ff. mugay- (spelt) ma$zlin rcagamnzk judan
'to he sorromful, distressed' San. 3r9v. 27 1' binlk- H a p . leg. ; tticre does riot seem to be
(quotns.). any doubt that this is a triisreading of *tinik-
D *begde:- See meode:-. I k n . V. in -1k- fr. t1:n although this Suff.
normally forms Intrans. verhs. Uyg. vrrr ff.
I1 *begdet- See meodet-. Hud. (then that rich man's son IZaiicanadeva)
I ) 1 b a l ~ d u r -Caus. f. of 2 b a n - ; survives bodunrn k a r a s l n e m l e p 6gedtiler b r n ~ k -
only(?) in SW Osm. b a n d ~ r - ,which is how- t ~ l a r(read tlnlktllar) 'treated the common
ever syn. w. 2 b a n - and has no Caus. connota- people (in the realm of I<irig Lndrivaprabhi)
tion. Xek. sr o l maga: etme:kig ya:gka: and cured them and gave them rest' S~tv.598,
mandurdr: 'he told me to dip (asbogani) the 16-17.
hrend in oil' Knf. II 197 ( m a n d u r u r , m a n - I) *buguk- Scr niuguk-.
durrna:k): O s m . s v r ~ rb a n d u r - frrrri hrtrdon
'to dip' S N ~ 127r.
. 2 2 (R&)niqil~)tn.). I> *banerr- Sre m i ~ n k ~ r - .
13 * 2 b a n d u r - See 1 m a n d u r - . U *bugkar- See mugkar-.
I1 blntiir- Caus. f. of bin-; 'to make (some- T r l s . V. RNC-
one Llnl.) rnount' (a horse, etc. Acc., or am:).
S.i.m.m.l. with the same phonetic changes as D bniinka:- See 1nayakn:-.
bin-. Tilrkii vlrr a t iize: bintiire: 'telling
(the men) to mount their horses' T 25: Xak. Dis. BNG
XI 01 maga: at mlindiirdi: 'he told me to ?F benek almost certainly I.-w. fr. Pe. b a n a k
mount (nrknbani) the horse (etc.)' Kaf. I1 197 'a small seed, pimple', and the like. Survives
(miindiiriir, miindiirme:k): xrrr(?) Tef. only(?) in S W Osm. benek 'spot, speck,
mincliir- ditto 224: xrv Mtih.(?) ardoja 'to freckle'. A r g u and a few dialects (ma fibo'di'l-
rnount (someone) behind (someone else on the -1uga) XI benek 01-!~abba 'seed, berry, pimple':
same horse)' bi:ndii:r- Rif. 103: Gag. xv ff. benek 01-fds 'a small copper coin' Kay. I
mindiir- Caus. f.; suutcr korclan 'to make 386: Gag. xv ff. benek 'blotches and spots'
(someone) ride' San. 321r. 23: X w a r . X I V (grrl ma nijrin) which appear on the face as the
mindiir- ditto Qu:b I I r . result of drinking (and in Pe. (I) 'a forest fruit'
D *buntur- See m u n t u r - . also called ban; (2) a kind of fabric with a back-
ground of brocade and gold spots on it) Son,
D *begde$- See megdeg-. 127r. 26: Klp. xiv benek 01-nrrq!a 'a spot'
i d . 36.
Tris. BND
beggli: (?beggo) 'eternal, everlasting'. An
1) *bugad:nqlg See rnuged~nqlg. esrlv I.-w. in hlong. as mdgkr (IIa~nisch112
miijke, but the modern pronunciation (Haltod
T r f s . V. BND- 508) is rnGqhp). S.i.a.m.1.g. except SU'. T h e
D *bugadtux-- See mugacjtur-. NE fonnc mijgkii R I V 2131 and 'I'uv.
 DIS. BNS .
~ n i i g a enre rchorrowingq fr. Rlonp.. rlsewhcre T r l s . V. DNL-
nc~r~nnlly meggi or the like; r*) I,r carefully L) *begi:le:- See 1 megi:le:-
distiny!ulshed fr. begl: with which it is easily
confused in some scripts. TiirkiI ~ I I beggu:
I D *bCAl:le:- See 2 megi:le:-.
tag 'memorial (lit. ever last in^') stune' I S
I I , II N 8 ; I S 1 2 (bit1:-), II N 15; a.0. I S 8, Die. DNR
II N 6 (1 &I): V I I I ff.'Man. megigti tegri
yerin 'the country of the eternal pods' Chrms. blga:r (p-) 'a spring of water'. A purely
I 15; 8.0. do. 1 29; M 111 1 5 , 2 (i); mengU Oguz word surviving only in SW Osm. p ~ g a r l
Z r w a 'the eternal pod Zurwin M 111 5, 8 ; pugar. Cf. 1 bulak, yul. O g u z XI mlga:r
Yen. beggii:min tike: berti: 'he erected my aynu'l-md' 'a spring of water' Kaj. III 376;
mctnorial' Ma/. 28, 4; same phr. hut begii:si: 'aynu'l-ma' is called m l g a r 111 363; a.0. 111
do. 30, 3 ; 0.0. 27, 8; 33, 3; 36. 3 (all beggu:); 280 (cokra:-, not an Oauz word): xrrr(?) Tef.
m l g a r ditto 224: T k m . X I I I of-'ayn, 'aynu'l-
3 0 , I ; 48, 6 (both begkii:); megku: 39, 5 : -1!1ci'(kiiz; in T k m . ) bl:ga:r (spelt bz:ga:r)Hou.
UyR. V I I I ff. Man.-A megigil &? I I I , 19, ctc.
(ngriinqlug); 0 . i ~tlu. I I , 16; 12, 11: Chr. 6, 20: Y I V m t n a r 01-'ajrn mina'l-mli' Id. 88;
mengii tegrl U I 7, 5: Bud. yPrtinqiideki ?nanba'u'l-ind' ditto b1ga:r (unvocalized) Bul.
Bziig y a ~ 1 8 mengii saklndlglzlar 'you 4, 13: O s m . xlrr to svr bigar, less often
thought that life (Hend.) ill (this) world is b u g a r ( ? p ~ g a r / p u g a r )'spr~ng' is common
everlnsting' 7' Ad I V 252,4; Mengii as a P.N. TTS I 96; I1 137; I11 8y; ZV loo; xvltr
Pfahl. 12, ~ y 0. : Klr. rx ff. begii:sii: (sic?) p u g a r (spelt 'with p - and -I)-') in RCmi, ydh-i
db cag~nn-iAb 'a well, or spring, of water'; and
Mal. 9, 3 ; n.0. 42, 5(?); beygii:n~ do. 13, 5;
a s . 24, 2; beykli:min 20, I : Xak. X I meggii: mctaph. ~Cya-i~aym'the corner uf the eye'
al-sav'rr'l-xdid wa'l-xulCd 'anvthine eternal: Satt. 141 v. 23.
et&&ty'; both cornmon N. (ism) and Dev. N:
(maydar); one says meggii: aju:n ddru'l- DIs. V. BNR-
-xiilrid 'the eternal (i.e. future) world' Kay. III ? D *bagra:-, etc. See magra:-.
378 (verse): K B mengii (so spelt) 'eternal'
1s colnmorl lo, 113. 115, etc.: xrlr(?) Tef. Dls. BNS
mengii ditto 223: Xwar. xlv ditto Qutb 110; D bensiz Priv. N./A. fr. b e n ; survives in SW
MN 121; meggii Nalrc. 281, 2-3: Kom. xrv Osm. normally meaning 'without me, in my
meogU/mengii/mengi CCG; Gr. 164: KIP. absence'. It is possible that it occurs in the
X I I I dimn 'to continue, endure' mengii kal-
passage below with the meaning 'without self-
(mis-spelt hol-) Iioir. 40, 3: xrv mengu: vu: interest'. Alternatively the word might be
md'u'l-!layat ay md'u'l-dawdm 'the water of read as a Priv. N./A. fr. *man taken as a 1.-w.
life, that is, the water of eternity' Id. 89. fr. Sanskrit m 5 n a 'pride, insolence'. T h e
meaning of the phr. is fixed by the context.
Dls. V. BNG- Uyg. VIII ff. Man. a s r a mensiz(or m a n s l z ? )
D *blinuk- See mliniik-. saklnclarlg 'humble (Hend.) thoughts' TT
IZ 17, 68-9.
Dls. BNL
D b u ~ s t zPriv. N./A. fr. bug; 'without care,
D *bnii11 See mayll. anxiety, grief', and the like. N.0.a.b. TUrkli
D'*buglufi See muglug. VIII (the Chinese give gold, silver, etc.) bugelz
'without stint' I S 5, 11 N 4; (you will liqe in
comfort and) bugsrz bo1tacl:sen will
become carefree' II N 14; 0.0. II E 29 ( 2 6r-):
T 48: vrll ff. Yen. tamkalsg (sic) ytlkl:
D *bafill- See mayll-. bur~[slz] er[tl:] 'his branded cattle were
innumerable' Ahl. 26, 6 ; a.0. do. 7 (baklr):
L) binil- Pass. f. of bin-; (of a horse, etc.) 'to Uyg. VIII ff. Man.-A (you will live in that
be mounted, ridden'. S.i.s.m.l.g. as minil-/ country at your ease and) m u g s u z u n 'without
milniil-; S W Osm. binll-. Xak. xr a t a care' M IZI 30, 6 (ii): Bud. (rich men, paying
milntildl: 'the horse (etc.) was ridden' no taxes and) m u g s u z t a k s ~ z'not feeling
(rrrkiba) Kay. II 138 (miiniiliir, miiniilme:k). anxiety or constraint' TT IfI, p. 57, nbte 11,
D *biinel- See munel-. 5 : 0. Klr. IX ff. bugu:suz u l g a : t ( t ) ~ m 'I
grew up without a care' Mal. 7, 2; a.0. do.
D *bagla:- See magla:-. 6, 3: Xak. XI KB (oh all-powerful, eternal)
D *biinle:- See miin1e:-. m u g s u z bayat 'carefree God' 6 ; a.0. 28:
~ I I I ( ? Tef.
) m u g s u z 'careless' 226: Xwar.
D *beglet- Sce meglet-. xrv (my son has become rich and I poor; my
son) m u g s u z 'carefree' (and I muglug)
D *berJlen- See meglen-. Nahc. 286, 6 ; (I have become a king) o r t a k -
larnlg ortakltktndln m u g s u z 'not depen-
T r l s . UNL dent on the companionship of companions'
1) *begi:lig See megl:Hg. do. 401, 3.
D *begi:lik See megl:lik. 1) *biinsiz See miinsfz.
 MON
Mon. BR 'present, existent, etc. ; (2) host .Sun. 1 2 0 ~ 27 .
ba:r Kal 's definition of this word as a Particle (quoin. and several phr. b a r plus Conjuga-
(/tar!) con not in^ existence, or presence in a tional f.s of 6- (1 er-)): X w a r . X I I I w a r 'there
particular place, and as the opposite of yo:k, is', etc. 'Ali 32, etc.; b a r dn. 47: xlv b a r bol-
q.v., is very apt. It is in fact nearly always 'to exist' Q~rtb27; b a r l r n y o k u m 'what I
used as the predicate of a sentence, the suh- have and what I lack' do. 86 (s.v. yuku); b a r
ject being either stated or inferred. In this 'there is' M N 34, etc.; h'ahc. 3, I I , etc.: K o m .
usage, therefore, it is of the nature of a Verb, X I V b a r in the full range of meaningri CCI,
but it cannot be conjugated and niust he C C G ; Gr. 50 (quotns.): Krp. X I V b a r maw-
supplemented by an Aux. V., 1 e r - or tlie like, crid, its opposite (mrrqdbalrihtr) is yok ma'
if a mood or tense form is required. Its use as dcm, neither is conjugated as a Verb Id. 29:
a Noun meaning 'existence' or 'property' (the xv bar/ba:r mamctid Kav. 27, 14-15 (phr.);
latter meaning uncertain, if authentic, ? a n ab- marucrid b a r Tuh. 35a. 12; a.o.0.: O s m . xlv ff.
breviation of b a r r m ) is unusu 1 C.i.a.p.a.1.; v a r (with 3rd Pen. Pos. Suff. v a n s r ) c.i.a.p.
one of the three basic w o r d j i n which the with a wide range of meanings, 'there is;
initial has become v- in SW Az. and Osm. existence; property; all', etc. T T S I 7 5 6 f f . ;
(but not Tkm.), cf. b a r - , bbr-. Tiirkii V I I I 11 964 ff.; III 742 ff.; IV 815 ff.
(because heaven so ordained and) 6ziim
k u t r m b a r iiqii:n 'because I myself had the *ber (?b6r) See berii:.
favour of heaven' I S 9, II N 7 ; similar phr.
I E 29, II E 23; 01 eki: kigi: b a r e r s e r 'since bi:r originally the Cardinal Number 'one1;
there are thosc two men' T to; similar phr. later attenuated, through such phr. as bi:r
9' 30, 57; 0.0. I S 10, II N 8 ; 1' 14: V I I I ff. ne:g . . . bi:r 'one thing . . . another' to little
IrkB 18 (connoting existence; 1 bagig); 0.0. more than an Indefinite I'ron. Adj. 'a, an'.
do. 32,. 57; Toy. 14 (with Gen. connoting C.i.a.p.a.1 Tiirkii V I I I b i r is common, always
possesnlon, belgii:): Man. (we knew) n e b a r as a Numeral, e.g. b i r kigi: y a y l s a r 'if one
e r m l g 'what existed' (before there was a man goes astray' (they exterminate the whole
heaven and earth) Chuas. 163; 0 . 0 . do. 273, family) I S 6, 11 N 5 ; b i r t o d s a r a:quk
etc.: Yen. b a r iiqiin Mal. 48, I and 2: Uyg. a m e z s e n 'once you are satisfied, you do not
I X b a y b a r e r t i m 'I was rich' Srici 5: V I I I ff. remember being hungry' I S 8, II N 6: vrrr ff.
Man.-A e v i m d e y e m e uktig t a k l g u kuglar b i r common as a Numeral IrkB 25 (bokursr:),
b a r e r i i r 'in my house, too, there are many etc.: hlan. in a list of four seals in Chrras.
fowls' M 1 3 7 , 14-15; a.o.0.: Bud. (ever since 177 ff. they are enumerated as b i r , ekinti,
heaven and earth were created) b a y y e m e b a r i i ~ i i n q tortiinq;
, b i r ikintike s a v l a ~ r p'con-
y o k qigay y e m e b a r 'there have been rich versing with one another' T T ZZ 8, 55-6;
and poor' PP 6. 1-2; and many 0.0.: Civ. b a r :.o.o. as a Numeral: Uyg. VIII b i r iki a t l i g
is common in its usual meanings, and, in con- one or two horsemen' Su. E 5; a.o.0.: VIII ff.
tracts, in phr. like b6rgince b a r yok bolsar- Man., Bud., Civ. b i r as a Numeral is c o y -
m e n 'if I die before repaying it' USp. I , 7-8: mon: 0. Krr. IX ff. b i r o t u z yagrmda: In
0 . Ktr. IX ff. t a r t og1u:m b a r u ~ i i n'because my twenty-first ear' Mal. 15, r ; a.o.0.: Xak.
I had four sons' Mal. 20, I : Xak. X I ba:r a XI bi:r al-wdhid fi'l-'adad the Numeral 'one1;
Particle which connotes the existence (wuctid) hence one says bi:r yarma:k 'one dirham'
of a thing and its being present in its place Kq.IIZ 121 ; very common as a Numeral and
(kawnihi & f i rfi mahallihi); hence one says in the phr. bi:r ... bi:rke: e.g. III 403
sende: y a r m a : k ba:rmu: 'have you any (begze:-) and b i r ikindi: 'one another': KB
money?' and the other says ba:r, 'I have'; it b i r is common ( I ) as a Numeral, e.g. u g a n
is the opposite (naqid) of laysa in Ar. and b i r bayatka 'to the one almighty God' 2; (2)
yo:k in Turkish: ba:r yigde: 01-gubayrd'l- more indefinitely meaning 'a man' e.g. 339
-kibrir 'the greater jujube tree, Zizyphus rrrbra' (1 b o x ) : xr~r(?)At. b i r is common as a
Kay. IIZ 147 (the semantic connection of this Numeral, and in such phr. as u d u b i r i b i r k e
phr. is not obvious, ba:r here may be a differ- 'one after another' 14; b i r anqa bodun 'a few
ent word, perhaps a I.-w. fr. Pe. b6r 'fruit'); people' 123; Tef. b i r (with 3rd Pers. Poss.
about a dozen 0.0.: KB t6riitgen barrga Suff. birilbirisi) is common as a Numeral
t6rilmig t a n u k 'the created is witness to the and in phr. like b i r i b i r i and b i r anqa 102: xlv
existence of the Creator' 15; fid5 klldr b a r r n Muh. al-rualrid mina'l-'adad bi:r Mel. 5 , 14 ff.;
negin h a m Bzin 'he sacrificed his being, his Rif. 76; ahad bi:r 81. 7 ; 186; afrada 'to
property, and himself' 56; s 6 z i i ~b a r 1 t6k isolate' bi:r ketii:r- 104 (only): Gag. xv ff.
pour out the essence of your words' 195; 0.0. b i r bir, 'adad ma'n6fina Vel. 137; b i r (and
in the normal usage 201, 207, 735, etc.: XIII(?) b i r e r ) yak 'one' Sun. 1 4 5 ~10:. X w a r . XIII(?)
At. (I did not exist and you created me) y a n a b i r 'one; a' is common in 02,:X I V b i r 'one; a;
y o k krlrp ikinq b a r kiiursen 'you then once' Quih 33 ;M N , 5, etc. ;b l r i n birin 'one by
destroyed me and brought me into existence one' Qlrtb 33: Kom. xrv b i r 'one; a'; b i r . . .
a second time' 10; a.o.0.; Tef. b a r 'existent', b i r 'one. . . the other'; common CCI, C C G ;
etc. 90: xrv Muh. a Ink faras? 'have you a Gr. 58 (quotns.): KIP. X I I I utzhid bi:r Hotr.
horse?' s e n i n a t r n ba:rmu: Mel. 18, 2 etc.; 2 2 , 2 ; ba'drr'l-gad 'the day after to-morrow'
Hif. 97; h5d;r ba:r 54, 7; 151 ; na'am 'yes' birisi: kiin do, 28, 12; al-'awar b i r k6zlii:
ba:r 5 6 , 9 ; 154: Gag. xvff. b a r war hast that is 'with one eye' do. 26, 9: XIV b i r ruE!rid
ma'nasrna 'there is' Vel. 126; b a r ( I ) maruccid Id. 29; Brrl. 12, 10; tuaraga 'a page' in the phr.
8841125 N
 MON. B R
('every timc- you writc) bir w a r a q a ( I \\-ill I f 8, 58: and 'to KC) away' r.C. ftoltguqtlar
~ i v eyo11 a dirhntn') h'oo. 21, 21 ; b i r 'onr, :I' y ~ B l ; ~ y uI m r s a r 'if the heggnrs ~o way
is ronlnlon in Tirlr. .
wceninc' ~. I'P lo.. ..c - 6 : Civ. b r ~ r -1s verv com-
lnon in both senses: 0. Klr. I X ir. acjrrlu: b a r -
F 1 bo:r 'nine'; I.-w. fr. hliddle I'crsian b6r, Mnl. 16, 2 ; 18, 2; a.o.0.: X a k . xr 01 evke:
see 1)oerjEr I , p. 2: I I 780. An early I.-m. bardt: 'he \vent (r/ahoho) to his hnusc' (or
in hlong. as bor (Ilortrisch 19); n.o.a.h. Cf. sornc~vhrrcelse) Kn$. I1 6 ( b a r l : r , barrna:k);
q a g ~ r ,suqig. Vyg. v111ff, Civ. (if a mail over loo 0.0.: K B b a r - is very conlnlon for
has a headache let hirn soak this dlrdra!ri) 'to go' and 'to go away'; e . ~(the . tongue de-
b o r k a 'in wine'; 0.0. T T I'III I.II(begni:); preciates a lnan and) b a r l r e r bag1 'off goes
H 11 2 2 , 26 (igle:.); T T l,'II 24, 12; 25, 4; his head' 163 ; a.0. 375 (vq-), and occurs a s a
27. 12, and many in 11 I and 11: X a k . X I bo:r L)escriptivc V. c.g. (if he has done my work
a/-xan~r'nine' Kog. III 121 (pruv.): K B b i r and) k o r i i b a r d l e r s e i q i m t a g l a r l m 'nnd
b o r iqse sevse 'if a man drinks wine and likes has seen my inner (thoughts) and my out-
it' 339; 0.0. 708, 1334, 1434. 2091, etc.: K o m . ward (appe~rance)'425: xrrr(?) At. b a r - 'to
s l v 'rs-ine' b o r C C I ; Gr.: KIP. xrrr a/-rat117 ro (away)' 1.84, etc.: Tpf. ditto 91 : xrv Mirh.
b o r (also suqu:, qa:klr) Horr. 16, 3. nroda 'to go away' ba:r- M F ~12, . 5 ; 21, 7 ; Ri/.
2 b o r ? See borqa:. 86, r I 5 ; 01-mdji 'walking' ba:rgn:n 13, I ; 88;
a.o.0.: Gag. s v ff. bar-(-ay, etc.) vur- grf-
b u r 'a bud'. T h e only early occurrence is in 1'el. 126; b a r - ( I ) rojfan 'to go'; (2) slrltik
a conj~ctural restoration, but see burlen-. ' Kardan 'to behave' (cf. barlq-) Satr. ~ z o r .2
S u r v i ~ e s sometimes
, with so~nex~hat changed (quotns.): X w a r . xlrt b a r - 'to go', etc. 'Ali 26;
meaning, in NI; Alt., Sag., '('el. p u r 'lenf of a v a r - dolo. 27: s r ~ r ( ?b) a r - ditto 02. 129, etc.:
tree' (in Tel. also 'bud') R I V 1397 (ditto x ~ vditto Qrrtb 27; M N 11 I , etc.; Nahc. 15,
piirqiik 'bud' do. 1400); I<hak. piir 'leaf'; 16, etc.: K o m . xtv ditto CCI, C C C ; Gr. 50
'I'IIv. biirii 'leaf'; NC I<lr. b u r 'bud'; I<zs. (quotns.): KIP. xrrl rdIia 'to go away' b n r -
b u r / b i i r i 'pine-needle' (biirgik 'bud'). Uyg. Horr. 40, 12: xrv b a r - dahnba f d . 29; k a n r a :
vrlr ff. hlan. (plants s p r i n ~up; their branches b n r u r s e n ayna fadl~ab,also one says (by inl-
grow and ~ p r c a d out) [ b u r i cunjectured] plication in T k m . ) w a r u r s e n do. 75: xv b a r -
b o k u k l a n u r '[their buds] swell' Il'itrd. 9-10; dahaha I h v . 8, 16; rriha do. 9, 18; (to illustrate
Kom. x ~ v'bud' b u r C C G : Gr. 2 ok) b a r g l n o k Tulr. 9oa. rz (in Tuh.
dahaba and r$la ket-): O s m . xrv ff. v a r - 'to
go, go away', and in one or two idioms; c.i.a.p.
Mon. V. BR- T T S 1 7 5 7 ; 1 1 9 6 5 ; 111743; I V 8 1 7 .
b a r - 'to go', often more specifically 'to go
away'. For its use as a Uescriptive V. see b6:r- 'to give'; also uscd as a Descriptive V.
c.. G., ATG, para. 256; UrockeZnrarm, para. 237 connoting action for the bcncfit of sonlconc
(4). C.i.a.p.a.1.; one of thrcc hasic words of else, see 7:. G. ATG, pam. 255; Drockeln~ann,
which the initial has becornc V- in SW Az., para. 239b. C.i.a.p.a.l.; one of the three basic
Ostn.; cf. b a r , bB:r-. Cf. 2 kBt-. T u r k u vtrr xvords of which the initial has become V- in
b a r - 'to go' is very common, e.g. yPr sayu: SW Az., 0~111.;cf. bn:r, b a r - . TilrkD v ~ r r
bard~Q 'you went to every country' I S 9, I1 (the Chinese) b6ru:r 'give' (gifts of gold, etc.)
N 7 ; uqa: b a r - Honorific phr. for 'to die', see I S 5 , 11N 1 ; (Kiil ?'6gin killed nine men snd)
u q - ; e r - b a r - 'to behave in an independent o r d u : g b6r1nedi: 'did not surrender the
fashion' see 2 Br-: VIII ff. b e g e r yunt1:garu: camp: I N 9-(my ancestors Bumln Xngan
barmi:? 'a beg went to his stud' I r k B 5 ; and Eptemi: XaRan ascended the thronc and)
a.0.o.: Man. teljri yBrirJeru b a r u u m a t l n t i i r k u bodunlg Bli:n t6r6:si:n tuta: bBrmig
'because they could not go to the heavenly eti: b e r m i s 'took control of the realm and.
country' Clruas. 85 (in v.1. C.'s edition of this unwritten law of the Turkii people and
text berii is often mistranscribeti baru); organized them' I E I , I I E 3 ; lnariy 0.0.: vrrr ff.
yiiQurti b a r d t 'he ran away' M 1 7 , 17: Yen. k u t b e r g e y m e n 'I will give you the favour
adrilu: b a r - 'to be parted (from one's friends, of heaven' I r k B 2; a.o. do. 47: Man. pug1
etc.) and go away', i.e. 'to die' Ma/. 28, 6 ; 29, b b r d i m i z e r s e r 'if we have given alms'
3; e r d e m i n iiqiin 41 ara:da: k a r a : xanka: Clrrras. 140-1; 0.0. do. 231-3: Yen. bcggii:
b a r t p a n y a l a v a ~ b a r l p a n k e l m e d i ~ i z tike: b e r - 'to erect a memorial (to someone)'
'because of (your) high qualities in the realm Mal. 28, 4 ; go, 3 ; 48, 0: U y g . v ~ r ryiqe:
you went to Kara S a n (i.e. the Knralihanid i ~ i gk u q i g b e r g i l 'give tnc (your) services
court), you went as an ambassedor but did not as before' $11. E 5; a.n.0.: vrtr ff. Mnn.-A
come back' do. go, 4-5: Uyg. vrrr (the Knrluk esengtisln b e r d i 'he gave him well-being'
with evil intentions) teze: bardl: 'ran away' M I l z , z - k a p a a i n a r a b 6 r d i 'he opened his
(frorn my rule) $11. N I I : vrll ff. Man.-A (the door' (for them) do. 13. 12; a.r).o.: hlan.
~ ~ 2 nyear d since the holy pruphet Mani) (PU) k a r m a g u h n bdrii y a r l l k a z u n 'may he
tctjri yBrinerii b a r d u k t a 'vent to the deign to give absolution (I.-w.)' T T III 176;
heavenly country' M I 12, 14: a.o.o.: Ahn. evin tug bBrur 'gives seed and fruit' R'ind.
b a r k u (sic) k[oni] yo1 'the straight rosd to go' 11: Bull. b6r- is very common, 110th for 'to
T T I1172-3: Bud. b a r - is very comnlon both give', e.R. (thc beggars came and nsked for
for 'to go', e . ~ .keli bar1 k111p 'making (the inorc gifts) y e m e bCrdi 'and he pave (them)
iridcx finger) go to and fro (seven times)' T T again' PP 7, 1 ; and ns n 1)escriptive V. e.g.
 DIS. BRA
(the notal,lcs) 601 091 knzganq k ~ l r n a ka y u vowels, usually with slightly different rnean-
bdrclller 'described (for him) various ways of ings. The modern forms are: NE 'I'el. ( R I V
~nnkingmoney' P I' 13, 1-2; do. 6o,6 (iincie:-): 1397) and Khak. p u r - (Tuv. biirge-); S E
Civ. bbr- is very common in USp.,esp. in the Turki b u r a - Shaw; b u r - BS; btirti-Jarring;
sense of 'to repay' (a loan) I , 5, etc.: Xak. xr NC Klr., Kzx. b u r - and b u r a - ; S C Uzb.
01 m a g a : y a r m a : k b6:rdi: 'he gave me b u r - ; NW Kaz b a r - ; Kk., Nog. bur-/bura-
(~'{rini)a dirham' (etc.) ' ~ a j I11
. 180 (bb:r(ir, and biir-; SW Az., Oam., Tkm. b u r - and
bb:rrne:k); over 50 0.0. most spclt bb:r- but biirli-. Cf. tiir-. Xak. xr ol yanquk agzr:
a few bbr-: K B b6r- is very common both biirdi: zawd ra'ra'l-xarila 'he twisted up the
for 'to give' and as a Descriptive V. e.g. ayu mouth of the leather hag'; also used of any-
b6rdi yo1 'he told (them) the way (to sal- thing similar like the waist-band of a pair of
vation)' 37: xrrr(?) At. (all created things) trousers (nayfaqati'l-sordwil) Kal. I16 (biire:r,
senig barlrkloka tanukluk b6riir 'bear biirme:k): KB k i ~ e n i nbiir-e 'twist his
witness to Thine existence' 5; y u bkr m a o a hobbles tight' 6615: Gag. xv ff. b u r - (sic)
314; a.o.0.: Tef. b6r- is cozrnon in both p i m n wa tab dcidan 'to twist, wind up' Son.
usages 97: x ~ Muh.v (as an example of yd pro- 131 v. 4: Xwar. xlv (VU) biir- 'to twist'
nounced -6:-) a'li b6:r Mel. 5, 7: Rif. 76; Qutb 38 (bur-): Kom. xrv 'to twist' (VU) biir-
al-'a@ b 6 r m e k (mis-spelt with -mak) 36, I I ; C C I ; Gr.: KIP. X I I I fatala min fatli'l-!tab1
122: Gag. xv ff. bhr-(-giinl, etc.) vhr- Vel. wa #ayrilri 'to twist (or spin, a rope, etc.)' biir-
136-8; bbr- dcidan 'to give'; also one of the (Imperat. -giil) Ifou. 37, 9: xlv (VU) b u r -
verbs attached to other verbs to give emphasis waca'a batnuhu ('to have a stomach-ache') wa
or embellishment (mtrbd/ata yd tazyin) as in fatala fd.'z9; fatala wa faraka ('to rub in the
t u t a bhr- giriffan 'to take, grasp' and koya hands') b u r - (Imperat. -@I) Bul. 7or.: xv b u r -
b6r- rahd kardan 'to concede' San. 144r. 16 fatala aw lawd ('to twist') Kau. 9, 18; fatala
(quotns.): X w a r . x r ~ rb6r-, less often ber- (by- (eg-); in mamin) biir- Tuh. 28b. 6:
Ali 26-7: x~rr(?)carltg b6rdf 'he gave O s m . xrv ff. b u r - (Infin. xvr - m a k ) 'to twist;
orders' 0g. 96; Ojjuz x a g a n k a s o y u r k a p to have a stomach-ache; to divert' in several
b6rdi 'he showed favour to O&z Xapan do. texts T T S I 126; II 180; 111 118; I V 134;
121-2; a.o.0.: xlv b6r- in both usages Qutb biirii- 'to wrap up' in several texts 11 187;
31; M N z f f . ; Nahc. 21, 8 etc.: Kom. xrv ber- zIr 24.
in both usages CCI, C C G ; Gr. 5 5 (quotns.):
KIP. xlrr a'ld ber-/b6r- liou. 56, I I ; falaqa Dis. BRA
'to hand over' sa:l~:ber- 34, 18: a.o.0.: xrv F b6re: a measure of length; n.o.a.b., but a
bbr- a'tci td. 29; Btrl. zzr: xv ditto Kav. 9, 18; I.-w. in Mong. as b ~ r e(Kotv. 1126) where it is
28, 20; a'tci ber- Ttdh. gb, 13; a.o.0.: Osm. taken as equivalent to Sanskrit yojana 'a mile
X I V ff. v6r- (less often ver-) is not listed as such of 8,000 yards'. Obviously a 1.-w., which, as it
in T T S but various compound Verbs are, the is certainly not Chinese and does not look
oldest v6rlbi- (verfp Id-) 'to send' T T S I Iranian, is prob. Tokharian. Phonetically the
760; I1 968 (once, XIV, b6ribl-); 111 747; only suitable equivalent is B prere; A pdrra 'an
IV 819. arrow', \Qhich if taken to mean 'a bow shot',
D bu:r- Intrans. Den. V. fr. 2 bu:; 'to which is a unit of length at any rate in Cae.
stearn; to be fragrant'. Survives only(?)in S E (see atlrn), might have such a sense. This
Tar. p u r a - 'to smell' (Intrans. and I rans.) explanation is not, however, self-evident.
R I V 1365; Tiirki p u r u - B$; bura-/buru- Uyg. VIII ff. Man.-A yetmi$ tiimen b6re
Jarring ditto. Uyg. vrrt ff. Bud. Ifuen-ts. siioii t e g 'like a lance 700,000 bhe long' M Z
145-6 (k6tl:-): Civ. (the cooked meat's) y r d ~ 20, 15-16: Bud. (on the bank of that river
ytpart b u r a t u r u r 'sweet odour (Hend.) is there is an iron tree) b i r b e r e 6diz 'one bke
fragrant' TT I 193: Xak, XI ytpa:r b u r d ~ : high' T M I V 253, 64; 0.0. do. 129, 13x; T T
fdhot rdyihatu'l-misk 'the fragrance of the IX,p. 22, note 77, 5 tiirnen b e r e in Hiim-IS.
musk diffused itself'; also used of anything (unpublished fragment) translates Chinese
sweet-scented which is diffused (j~ata&awwo'); '~o,oooli'; a li is about 600 metres.
and one says su:v burdt: iriafa'a brrxdru'l-mci' ID berii: (?bkrii:) an Adv. used both of time
wa iayrihi 'steam rose from the water (etc.)' and of space, meaning broadly 'to this side,
Kar. I16 (bura:r, burrna:k); yape:r bu:rdt: on this s~de'. The phonetics of this word are
same translation; and one says s u v bu:rdt: obscure. So far as the first vowel is concerned
same translation; also used of any fragrant the Turku spellings of cognate words point
odour (fib daki) which diffuses itself or steams more to -6- than -e-, and there are sporadic
III 180 ( b u r a x , b u r m a : k sic): KB a j u n spellings with -6- later, but the evidence for
. barqa biitrii yrpar b u r d l k i n 'the whole -6- is not conclusive. T h c word does not occur
world thoroughly diffused the fragrance of in Tiirkii VIII (the word sometimes so read in
musk' 71; am. 1937: KIP. X I V burr- (so T 26, zR is evirii:) and the spellings of cognate
vocalized) frilro'i-mtsk id. 29. f o m s in Turku and Uyg. arc more easily
b a r - 'to twist, wind round, screw tonether', derived fr. *ber (?b6r) than this word. It is.
and the like. S.i.a.m.1.g. The vowel was therefore, prob. that berii: is itself a der. f., a
originnlly a front one, but there is great in- crasis of *berrii:, that is *ber (?b&r)with the
consistency in modern languages, several Directional Suff. -ru: and this is corroborated
having .forms both with front and with back by the fact that it is often used in antithesis to
 DIS. D R A
agaru:, q.v. S.i.a.m.l.g., usually as beri. See C C G ; Gr.: KIP. X I I I 01-di'b biirii: ( T k m .
berdin, (?E) blrgaru:, bergerii:, berii:ki:, k u r t ) Hott. I I , 3 : xrv biiriial-di'h Id. 30; a.0.
L'U berye:. Tiirkii vrrr ff. Alan. berii occurs do. 70 ( k u r t ) ; a/-di'b biirii: nttl, 10, 6 : xv
scveral titnes of time in Cltrms.; a n t a d a t a ditto bii:ri: Karl. 62, 7; 7'1rh. [On. 1 2 .
(?ric) berii 'since then' I r 6-17: kertii t e g r i g
nr12 n o m u g biltukiimiizde berii 'ever since l:U?I) biiri: Hap. leg.; the undcr.lying con-
xve put to know the true God and the pure cept seenls to lw 'sonicthinp screwed into
doctrine' 158; 0.0. 19, etc. (so:): Uyg, V I I I ff. sometl~ingelsc'; if so, I k v . K . fr. bur-. Xak.
Man.-A (sufferings which we have endured) XI biiri: 'ayrtr'l-sahm j i ntotlsnli'l-rtt'z 'the
iikiig odte berii 'for a long time past' M I 11, head of an arrow shaft in the entry to the
17-18; a.0. do. lo, 5-6: Man. m u n q a d a socket (of the arrow head)'; hence one says
berii 'for so long' M 115 , 8 (ii); a.0. M I 30 bngak biiri:si:: biiri: x a ~ n h ntrts~mcfa ,fi
24-5 (ndak): Dud. Sanskrit [on]Ggntaptirvom frihiti'l-jirb mncrtjza nrt~rokknha ho'dt~itci bi-
'not having come before' 6gre:tin be:ru -6a'd k n j ~ l ~
jratynqq
i JriliLit firrll jirb 'pieces of
(spelt p-) ba:rma:tukug (ditto) T T VIIIA.1 : wood placcd in the ~ r ~ o u t hofs vessels and
berii used of time is fairly conimon, T T I V 4, prlnhcd in and fitted topcther so that the
19; 6, 23; 8, 53; PP 56, 7 etc.-barca berii mouths of thc vessels shall not be damaged'
kelziinler 'let them all come hither' U II Kay. III 220.
21, 6; 0.0. .%IP~. 625, 10 etc. (agaru:): Civ.
b u r u n k l b u x a n l a r gaglndln berii 'ever Dis. BRB
since the reigns (lit. times, Mong. I.-w.) of D borba:g Ifap. leg.; N.Ac. fr. borba:-.
these former Xans' USp. 22, 39; 0.0. do. 31, 3; Xak. xr borbn:g nl-~rmtlrca'l-tnsruif ji'l-ttmtir
120, 3 ; 77, 5 (rcad ozatlln berii 'for a long 'dallyil~g o l d tf~lntorine.;~in dealing with
time past'): Xak. X I keldi: berii: cci'a iloynd affa~rs'Kaj. I 461.
'he came towards us' I 219, 23; kogiil berii:
y a y m a d q (why) have you not turned your D borba:g N.1A.S. fr. borba:-. Survives
heart towards us? 111245, 18; 0.0. I 35 (2 aq); oliIy(7) i!~ NC Kzs. b o r b a s (of n man)
11 259, 7 (kelimsin-); I11 212, 12 (kl:); 'Hahby, ~ n e r t ' ; (of ground) 'soft, yielding'.
n.m.e.: K B berii is common, both of time, Xak. xr borba:g I:Q nl-nntrtc'l-muxtali~ I
e'g. tiimen ytlda berii 'for the last ten thou- 'lladi lci ytr'raf maxracrrlzir 'a confused affair of
sand years' 84, and of space, e.g. berii kel which the issue is u n k n o ~ n Kag.
' I 4 5 9 (MS.,
106; 0.0. 486, 923: x l ~ r ( ? Tef.
) tam1 berusi in error, yorba:~).
'the front (top and bottom) of the wall' 91
(baru); berii of time 99: X w a r . xlv berii (with Dis. V. BRB-
Ah/.) 'since, because of' Quib 27 (baru); bbrii borba:- this V. end its der. f.s, except b o r b a : ~ ,
ditto 31: Kom. xrv beri (with Abl.) 'since' where a survival fixes the first vowel, are all
C C G ; Gr. 56 (quotn.) Hap. leg. Cf. boyba:-. Xak. XI e r 1:9ig
borba:cii: soturcafo'l-r~~ctrltr'l-ait~rpun lam I
buri: 'xvolf'. C.i.a.p.a.1. except in S\V Az., jl~tbrimhu'the man was dilatory over the affair
Osm. where 'wolf' is k u r t ; in Tkni. b6:ri and did not handle it efficiently' Kay. III 275
(sic) is ktio~vn,hut is not the standard ~vord. (borbn:r. borba:ma:kl.
See Doryfer I1 784 Tiirkii vrlr (the army of
In? father the sn,<nlr) bori: t e g e r m i g 'was L) b o r b a t - Calls, f. of borbn:-. Xak. XI 01
like a wolf' (and his enemies l ~ k esheep) I E a n l g 1:gin b o r b a i t ~ :riroqn'a ommhrt fi taywi~
12, I1 E 11: VIII ff. (a rich man's sheep) rca tnswfj'he got his (someone else's) affair into
b6ri:ke: soku:gmi:g 'encountered a wolf' a muddle by dilatoriness' Kag. 11 327 (bor-
IrkB 27: Uyg. vrrI ff. Man.-A b o r i og11 'a batu:r, borbatma:k).
wolf c u b ' M I 8 , 6 ; a.0. IMIII I I , g(i) (opiin-):
hlan. (a lamb which) borike kedilip 'is D borbal- I'ass. f. of borba:-. Xak. xr
dressed (i.e. reborn) as a wolf' M I 18, 5 ; E r an19 1:gI: borbaldl: tafazuwoya nntl.tthn 'his
Biiri Proper Name T T I X I 14: Bud, (evil affair got into a muddle' Kay. I1 228 (bor-
creatures such as) b a r s i r b i s b o r i 'leooards. balu:r, borba1ma:k).
panthers, and rv6lves' T T V I r 16: ~ i v :b b r i D borbaq- f, of borba:-, a con-
as an animal whose gall, bones, tongue, etc. are notation of action atiecting the whole of the I
used in medicine is common in H I: 0.Klr. Subject. Xak. xr 1:g borbaqdl: i.rlaln,n'l-amr . !
rx ff. yeti: bori: oliirdim 'I killed seven (etc,) got conf;sedl I
\volves1 114al. 11, 10; G o ~ u kBori: Sagu:n KaS. 203 (borba:gur, borbn:ema:k),
Proper Narne do. 12, I : Xak. SI bori: al-di'b
'wolf' Kay. I11 220 (prov.); ten 0.0. K B (he
organized the realm, enriched the people and)
Mon. BRC i
b a r i koy bile suvladt 01 Gdiin 'the wolf then SF murp.
drank water with the lamb' 449; 3.0. 1040:
Vng. xv ff. b o r i kttrt, gurg nta'ncistna 'wolf' Dis. BHC
I'el. 148 (quotn.); bori grrrg, in Ar. di'h Son. D barga: Equative f. ofba:r;'all'. S.i.a.m.l.g.;
133r. 22 (quotn.): Xwnr. SIII(?)e r k e k barf in SW only 'I'km. One of several words with
'a n~alewolf' 02. 141 ; a.o.0.: xrv b o r i Qtrtb this nienninp, cf. tolp, kop. F k a m n g , kop,
36, 1blN76: Nitkc. I 12, lo; 343. 7 etc.: borii etc. See Uocrfer I1 683. Tiirkii vrrt ff. (and
Qlttb 37: Kom. srv 'svolf' borii C C I ; bori whatever evil blasphemies that wicked demon
 DIS. BRC
j thought nf) barqa: [gap] 'all of them' Toy. III must be superior, go and become a wine
I v. 7 ( E T Y 11179): U y g V I I I barca: $u. Sn. merchant (or wine-bibber ?)' 409-10 (twoMSS.
(darnaced passage): vrrr ff. Man.-A (after a list read borql, in one glos~edmay-furrif 'wine
of jirlds) b u l a r h a r p 'all these' hl I 21, 3 (i); merchant', and this is clearly the better reading
a.o. do. 6 (i): hlan. igin barqa k o d u r 'he puts whichever the meaning of horqr; the other
down his xvorl<cotnpletely' M I 17, 2; (what- two read yiizqi, in one glossed yiiz slag(?);
ever things di5tres.q mankind) h a r q a 'they all' Arat preferred to read yiizqi translating ~t
I (arise fmm anger and perversity) T T I I 16,46; 'two-faced', hut the word would be Hap. leg.
o l a r b a r q a k a n ~ l g u n'they all together' III and this would not be the normal meaning of
125; 0.0. do. 75, 104: Chr. (\vhatever children such a word).
are under two years old) b a r q a n ~o l i i r i i ~ l e r
'kill them all' U I 10, 3: Bud. o l a r n l b a r ~ a S biirqe: See biirge:
I U J I I 28, 5; (giving alms) b a r q a s ~ nb6riir
e r d l 'he gave them all away' do. 40, 31; and ?D burqak perhaps Dev. N. fr. bu:r- in the
Inany 0.0.: Civ. (the wish& in your mind) sensc of something fragrant; various kinds
h a r q a k a n d l 'are all satisfied' T T I 115; (if of pulse, usually 'bcan', sometimes 'pea'; and
one mixes hoo~oe'sbones and musk) yiizkc metaph, 'a hailstone, a bead of sweat', and
bnrqa s i i r t s e r 'and rubs it thoroughly into the like. S.i.a.m.1.g. except NE with minor
the face' T T VII 23, 6 ; and many 0.0.: Xak. phonetic changes. See Doerfer I1 7x0. U y k
barqa: a Particle (hnrf) meaning al-kufl 'all'; v111ff. Civ. b u r q a k 'beans', sometimes speci-
one says barqa: keJdi:le:r 'they all came' Kaj. fied as black, green, or red T T VII 14, 60 ff.;
1 4 1 7 (verse); seven 0.0.: K R k a m u g b a r q a 16, l o ff.; tuturka:nla:r burqa:k (spelt p-)
m u g l u g toriitiilmlgi 'all those created hy geke:r 'rice, beans, and sugar' V l l l 1.13;
1Iim are oppressed with care' 5; 0.0. 266, etc.: burqakqa 'the size of a bean' fl I 197; a.o.
xrrr(7) Tqf. b a r q a 'ail' 91 : Gag. xv ff. barqa N II 8, 32 (1gle:-): Xak. xr burqak 01-
(and b a n ) ciinrlesi 'all of them' Vel. 128 -1tibijui 'beans' : b u r q a k habbdtu'l-'arnq 'beads
(quotn.); b a r q a ( I ) Iroma 'all' (quotn.) (and of sweat' Kal. I 466: Gag. xv ff. burqak a
(2) 'while it exists') Son. 121r. 16: X w a r . xrrr kind of pulse (!ruhrihnt) like chick-peas (nttxc~d)
b a r q a 'all' 'Ali 5 1 ; xrv ditto MN I 19; Nahc. of a grecnish (ah?) cglour; in Ar. xcillar ('pea,
379, 2 : K v m . x ~ ditto
v in several usages CCI, bean, Irt~til');and metaph. to~nrg-iktifik 'a
CCC;; G'r. 50 (quotns.): KIP. xrv barqa: small hailstone the size of a chick-pea' Son.
01-kt111 fd. 30: xv 01-nds krilluhttm barga: (sic) I 32v. I 5 : K o m . xrv 'hail' b u r q a k ; 'vegetables'
kigi:Ie:r Kav. 39, 19; barqalbarga in gram- b ~ r q a k(sic) C C I ; Gr.: KIP. x ~ r r al-borod
matical section Trih. Xza. 4 ff. 'hailstone' burqak, which also means al-
-himmas 'peas' lloti. 5, 8; al-hitnrnof b u r q a k
VUD b o r ~ a flap. : Icg.; Equative f. of 2 bo:r do. 9, 16: xrv b u r q a k a/-barad fd. 30; af-
(?),which from the context must be something -kirsinna 'chick-peas' b u r q a k Btd. 6, 16 (but
v~olent. V. 'I'homsen (Turcica 94, note z ) sug- al-himnms nuxut!): xv hala 'pebble' b u r ~ a k
gested that there was an old word b o r meaning Tuh. I&. r I : O s m . xvrrr b u r q a k (after Gag.)
'a storm', of which NE, NC b o r a - 'to be and in R~imi,jio2cdZna 'cattlefood', in Pe. mufk
stormy' R 11' 1662 was the Den. V.; and it ('black beans') and in Ar. culuhdn ('peas,
has been strpgestcd that SW Ostn. b o r a 'a vetch') Sun. 13zv. I 5.
vinlet~t mind' is a l a t ~ rform. 'I'his is not
wholly impossible, but it is more probable that D b i i r ~ e kUev. N. fr. biir- in the sense of
O s n ~ .b o r a is a corruption of Greek boreas something twisted and curly; 'forelock' and
'north wind', arid it is very odd that, if there the like. Survives in S W Osm. biirqekl
really was a word b o r meanine anything as biirciik (also spelt with p-) 'curly hair', and
ordinary as 'a strrrm', there should be no other perhaps elsewhere; but NE piirqiik; NC Klr.
trace of it. I t is more likely that this is the biirqiik; ICzx. biirgik 'hud' are Dim. f.s of
Equative f. of I bo:r 'wine' with the impli- biir and SE Tiirki burcek/biircek: NC Klr.
cation that too much wine leads to disorder. biirqok 'corner, angle' seems to be a Dim. f.
T i i r k u vlrr T i i r g e ~x a g a n susi: Bo1qu:da: of Ar. brrrc. See Doerfer I1 731. Xak. xr
otqa: b o r ~ a :kelti: 'the T u r g e ~xafan's army biirqek ndfiyattt'l-insdn wa sobibo!u'l-fnras
advanced from Bolp: like a fire or . . .' I B 'the forelock of a man or horse' Knj. 1 4 7 6 :
37; II E 27. XIII(?) Tef. biirqek ditto 108 (b6r~ek):Gag.
I> borql: N.Ag. fr. 1 b o x ; n.o.a.b. Uyg. the xv ff. piirqiik (so spelt) 'a small Rag ('alrima) in
VIII(?)Civ. borqt S a l g a r 'the wine merchant shape of a ribbon (mnngaln) made of bro-
cade (ibri$im)'San. 13zv. 17:Krp. X I I I ru'usrc'l-
(or wine rower?) Salkar' U S p 53, 4, 3-4:
Xak. X I ICB (in a list of the kind of people the -n@dn 'tufts(a1-yurrdba)
'the tips of branches' biirqek ahich also
kingdislikes) yava e r s e b o r q ~y a klygan elig means xrv biirqek
of silk, etc.' Hou. 7, 13 :
a/-ndsiya fd. 30: O s m . xrv ff.
'if a man is a.reckless wine-hibher or crooked- biirqek/biirqiik (?p-) 'curl, forelock'; c.i.a.p.
handed' 850; b o r iqme a y l borql 'do not
drink wine, you wine-bibber' 2096: xrrr(?) At. T T S I 133; I1 187; III 579 (p-); I V 643 (P-).
(in a passage lamenting the decay of present- F p e r q e m See beqkem.
day morals) k i m 01 b o r q ~e r s e kigi y6gi 01,
k e r e k e r s e yeglik y o n b o r q ~bol 'if a tnan ?F barqln 'silk brocade'. N.o.a.h., hut the
is a wine merchant (or urine-bibher?) he is standard word for 'silk' in Cuv. where it is
(reckpned) the most superior of mankind, if you spelt purqln, purqin, p u r q u m , purgun,
 RION
'one wing of his army went to pillage (our) comes weak and wririkled' 7'7' V111 1.4:
tents and housrhold gr~ods'11E 32; 0.0. do. 34 X a k . st anything which has \vrinkles(fitrdrin)
and 37: V I I I ff. Alan. (if we have fnund the in it is called b u r k ~ :ne:g, for example a
lipht o f f he five gods) e v k e b n r k k a 'to o u r frowning face (01-rrnchrr'l-'nhris) with a wrinkled
d\vellin#r and household goods' Chrros. 235; forehead Knj. 1 4 2 7 ; a.o. 1 1 8 , rg.
0.n. (in. 249; T T 11 8 , 41-2: Uyg. vrrr evfn
b a r k ~ nSrr. E z. 12(?): V I I I If. hla~i.-Ak a l t l S b o r g u : Sec bo:rgu:y.
y a ~ yi e m i ~ l l ke v h a r k y a r n t t r q a 'as one
rnnkes a new orch:~rd1)r house and household I ) b l r k l g I-Iap. leg.; (of a hnrsr, ctc.) ':I 5nc)rt'.
goods' d l 1 14. S-10: AIan. (meditating on 1'1-esumahly Drv. N. fr. * b ~ r k -o r * b l r k ~ : - ;
the transltoriness of the body) e v t i n b a r k t ~ n the only cognate won1 is b i r k ~ r - ,q.v., and
u n t i l e r 'they left house and home' TT III thcrc are the same morphological prohlrrns
137-8; n o . Ivitrd. 32, 34; T T IX 62: Bud. as in the case of b u r k i : r1.v. NE 'I'uv. b ~ l j i t
evtle b a r k t a a d a k ~ l g u p(devils) 'who cause 'snort' IS presumably a cnrrupticir~ of thin
<latiger in the house and home' T T V 10, 84; word. X a k . sr b ~ r k a g'the snort (na.vir) of a
0.0. 11' 61, 63 ctc.: Civ. (various kinds of horse or tlonkey'; onc says a t b ~ r k l g t :Kog.
prnprrty) e v i i m d e k i b n r k l m d a k t USp. 98, 1461.
14: X a k . st one says e v b a r k bnyt rcn ddr
'house and home'; b a r k cannnt be used D b u r k r g l i a p . leg.; completely unvocalizetl
separatel>-(yrrfrnrl), hut only in (this) combina- and the h - undotted (hut, being hetwcen
tion (m!rzdnrcico(n)) Kng. I 348; (the enemy b t r k l k anti bagla:ji, must lie h - ) . See bnrkl:,
\vishcd to sell) evil1 b a r k l n drirahrr wn presumably Ilev. N. fr. * b u r k - . X a k . xr
'nqdrohrr 'his hotrses and property' 111 333, 9: b u r k ~ girr-ircri'rr'l-cild tco jnyrihi 'a wrinkle in
K B e v b a r k 4536, 4545, 4727: X I I I ( ? 'ref. ) ev the skin, ctc.' Knj. I 4 6 1 .
b a r k 'home' 91: G a g . xv ff. b a r k is used
cnuplccl (bn-foiiq-i irrtrzri:rnco) with iiy in the
phr. oy b a r k srittrritrriir rcn srirln rrri n!?i{ rrl- 1) bark111 ( ? b a r k r : n ) I)c\.. N.i<\. f r , b a r - ; the
-h+ ' 1 1 0 ~ snntl~ fi~rniturc'Sntr. I z r r . 21. word is in a section ot' \rhicli thc heading
'frc'firr[fi*lrin variously vocalizrd', requires a
iong vo\vel in the Suff., which seems to he
b a r a k 'a I ~ n c - h a i r e ddop'. Survives in NC c is prcsumahly a Scc. f. of -gl:n.
u n i r l ~ ~hut
Kir., lczx.; some N W languages and S W ['cc. to Xak. X a k . sr f t a r k t n kiqi: 'a traveller
Osm. in its original meaning and sometimes (01-mcrrlrr'l-v!ir~.~Z/ir) whom nothing turns aside
more prnrrally for 'shaggy, long-haired' of from his ol>jjrctive' KO$.1 4 4 0 : KB (I treat all
other animals, rugs, ctc. Sce Dorrfer I 1 728. people alike, whether they arc niy son, o r a
X a k . X I b a r n k 'a long-hail-cd (nhlnb) doR'; neighhour, o r stranger) k e r e k b n r k ~ ne r s e
t h '1'11rks
~ belicvc that \vhcr~n vulturc (01-nnsr) keqigli k o n u k 'or fi guest parsing through and
pets old it lays two e p ~ sand incubates them; deterniirled to push on' 817; kigl b n r k l n l 'a
and out of one of them there hatches this dog man \rho has travclleci widely' 4320; a.o. 4727.
which is called b a r a k , and is the swiftest and
the hrst hunter of a11 dogs, and out of the other CI' b u r x a n cotnpotrrld of Chinesr f i r ( G i l ~ s
a chirk, and this i- its last brood ' I 377: 3,580) and presumably x a n . T h r Chinese
K t p . s v knlh 'dog' tr:rnslntr(l iittcr olin b a r a k rliaractcr was the one chosrn to transcrihr
plossad in t h r r~iargin'sheep [log' 7irlr. 30b. lo. I3uddha, arid was pronounced approxi~nately
hrrr in NU' China in vrr-vrrr. 'I'lris tvord.
1) h a r i g N.Ac. fr. b a r - ; rsccpt in the phr. corrcsponcling proprrly to sornc phr. likc
e r i g b a r 1 2 (src 2 e r i g ) n.0.a.h.. hut see nrrdd/7ortij*, was the one chosen to represent
h u r l & X a k . XI one says o l b a n g bard]: ~ u r l d l i ain the earliest Turkish tt-anslations of
dnlrnhn <inhCbn(?r)rcn lonr yrr'nrric 'old gay' 'he Buddhist scriptures, which must hnrc ante-
went straight a h ~ a dand did not turn aside for ceded the appearance of hlanichacism a r n o n p
anythinp' k-ag. I 371. the Turks, and was taken over hy the hfeni-
chaean missionaries to translate words like
S b l r u k See b u y r u k 'prophet' applied e . g to iLIani himself. In the
I> b u r i g Ilap. lcg.; N./A.S. fr. bu:r-; mis- hloslem period, like 2 b u t , q.v. it came to
vocalized hnrif in the M S . X a k . st b u n g mean 'idol' and still survives in one or two NE
crl-$ny'~c'/-t?rrrfrtin
'sonletlling malodorous'; it is languages p u r k a n R IC' 1386; l'uv. b u r g a n
used in the Hend. (fi'/-izdi7[-ac) S ~ S bI u~n g 'God' and in NC 1<1r. epics b u r k a n 'idol'.
A-a$. I 372. See Iloerfir 11 732. ' r u r k i i vxir ff. Man.
b u r x a n , usually in the I'lur., is cornrnon in
?I) burkt:,'\vrinkled'; n.n.a.h. T h e morpho- Clrrras., e.g. t e g r i y a l a v a q i b u r x a n l a r 'God's
logical relationship bet\\-een this and other messengers, the bursans' 64-5,69; 'the hrrrxnns
connected words is ohrcure; b u r k ~ g and and the pure Elect' 133; the god Z u n . ~ n ,the
b u r k l t - look likc Dev. N. and Caus. f. of sun and moon gods, the mighty god and the
* b u r k - and b u r k u r - like a Den. V. fr. this bnr.uons 173-5; t e g r i M a n t b u r x a n M III
lvord. 'The two groups can be joined only hy r g , 7 (i): U y b vnr ff. Alan.-A t e g r i M a n ]
nssu~ninyr that this word is n Dev. N. fr. b u r x a n AT I rz, 13: Man. k a y m M o n ~
* b u r k - 'to he wrinkled'. Uyk. V I I I ff. Civ. b u r x n n 7'T III z (and note); 3.I 11136, I (i)
koxga:k b u : r k ~(spelt p11:rkd) b o l o r 'he be- ( t r g r i k c n ) : Dud. b u r x a n Buddha is very
 M O N ., B R G 361
common: Civ. buyanllg kigi b u r x a n l a r (etc.) snorted' KUJ. I I 171 (birktra:r, brrklr-
birle tUz erUr 'a virtuous man is equal tv the ma:k).
13uddhns1 TT VII 42, z: Xak. XI burxa:n 11 b u r k u r - Intranc. Den. 1'. fr. burkl:; 'to he
01-gannm 'idol'; and 'a painted idol' (al-
-dutnyn) is called bebiz b u r x a n Kop. 1 436; wrinkled'. I'ec. to I<ag. Xak. XI i~1e:ryii:zi:
f u r x a n (sic) evin yrktlrnlz b u r x a n iize b u r k u r d l : 'the \~nlnan's face was wrinkled
siqtirncz 'we destroyed the idol house ant1 and drawn to~cther'(ittzazcd . . . zco'nquha$a);
defecated on the idols' I 343, 26; a.0. III 84 also used of skin nhen it is wrinkled Kof. 11
(ylikiin-): K I j sig11 b u r x a n ~ n 'brcak his 171 (burkura:r, b u r k u r m a : k ) ; essiz yiirl:
burkara:r (sir) 'alas for his shrunken (s6lrim)
idol' 5486: ~ I I I ( ?7 b) f . h u r x a n / b u t b u r x a n
'idol' I 12: Klp. s v zombn'n 'devil' (yek and) face' 11 188, 12.
b u r g a n Tub. 17b. I r.
Tris. BRG
VU bo:rgu:y 'trumpet'; t e phonetics are D b a r a k l l g P.N.1.4. fr. b a r a k ; pec. to Kof
chaotic and it may well be 81.-ir. KO?. alone Xak. xr baraklze kigi: 'a man who owns
has final -y; A41rlr. may point to -0- and Kom. a long-haired (ohlab) Jog' I 497; a.0.
points to -u- in the first syllable, hut it surl-ives
in some NE and NW languages as b i r g l / p ~ r & r 501, 13.
and in S W Az., Osnl. as boru. See Docfir 1I ?E b t r g a r ~ r :(?btirgeru:) Ilap. leg.; Ilircc-
735. U y g vlrt ff. Dud. b o r g u 'trumpet' ~n tive f. of *bet-; this is the only der. f. fr. this
Maitrisimif, see 'Aii 51 : Xak. xi bo:rRu:y (in word with hack vowels and is prob. mis-spelt.
a section for wol-ds ending in a long vo\vcI Uyg. vrlr ff. Man.-A (in a passage about the
followed hy -y) 'the trumpet' (of-ynbbrir) which effect of winds hlouging from various quarters)
is blown Kni. 111 241: x~rr(?)Tej. b o r g u l b l r g a r u d u n s q a r ye1 t u r s a r 'if a wind rises
b o r k u 'trumpet' I X I : xrv Alrrh. in illel. 5, blowing from the south' M III lo, 14-15 (i).
9 ff., Rif. 75-6 there is a para. ahout three D barl&sa:k N.1A.S. fr. bar12sa:-; 'wishing
pronunciations of vocalic tcd~u,the first pro-
nr~nciation is -u:- as in l l : ~ , U:T 'strike' and !o go away'. Pec. to KO$. and mentioned only
bu:z; thc second is appnrrntly short -u-, In gl-ammatical examplrs. Xak. xr Kay. 1 2 4 ,
illustrated hy oi-,@orb(corruption of a/-darh 19; 11 55, 11; 57, 2-3.
'a hlow') u:rgu:, 02-btiq 'trumpet' borgu: and
n!tdah (?corruption of nl-nstl) a@: and sccms Tris. V. BRC-
to refer to the final -u:; the third is apparently U barrgsa:- Llesid. Den. V. fr. b a r @
-0- or -0:-, and is illustrated aaain by nl-6;nrh N.o.a.t). Uyg. V I I I ff. Bud. (then he said 'I am
(sic) ox+:; a/-briq bo:rgu:; allndi: o:$ and going away'; and the oxherd said) n e g u l u k
arrow' o:k. 'I'he text is obviously corrupt in b a r l g s a d l ~ l z'why did you want to go away ?'
places, but does seclil to suggest a proniincia- PP 68, 8 (mistranslated t y Pelliot): Xak.
tion bo:rgu:; a.0. 51, 3; 146: Cag. xv fi. 14 01 evke: bar1gsa:dl: he wished to go
VU b o r g u 'a hollow twig (ynx) which thcy (tatnnnnd'l-dalt6b) to his house' (etc.) Kaf.
blow like n fife' (nnfir) Snn. rjzv. 25: Xwar. 111 303 (bangsa:r. barrf2,sa:ma:k); a.0.
xrrr (\'ti) b o r g u 'trumpet' 'AIi 5 1 : x ~ ditto
v 1 2 8 1 , 7: xrv Muh.(?) nrdda'l-mudiy 'to wish
Q~rth 38; Nohr. 177, 3: K o m . xrv b u r g u to go' ba:rigsa:- Rif. I 34 (only).
'tr~impct' C C ; Gr.: Kip. xrv (VlJ) borgu:
01-hirl id. 21); 01-briq borga: ( s i c ) ; nl-l>tiqtr'l-
-rtafir tu$ brrgu:(sic; lit. 'brass trumpet') BIII. Mon. BEG
6 , 7: xv hriq b o r g a (in margin in SW(?) hand b e r k 'firm, stahle, solid'; the original form of
h o r ~ ) Tirh. 8a. r ; ( O s m . xvrlr b u r g u in the word uhich also appears as bek (q.v.) fr.
Ntitni follo~\redby several translations in Sn11. an early date. An early I.-w. in Mong. as berke
1 3 2 ~25. has nothing to do with this word but (Ha~ni.vch15) whcre it means rather 'difficult,
is a Dev. N. fr. b u r - for b u r - which is still severe', and the like. S.i.a.rn.l.g. except per-
current with the same range of meanings). haps NE where Tuv. b e r g e is a reborrowing
fr. Mong.; in some languages beriklbbrik.
DIS. V. BRG- In some languages b e r k and b e k hare de-
D b u r k i t - Hap. leg.; Caus. f. of *burk-(?); veloped rather different meanings, b e r k be in^
see burkl:. Xak. XI 01 yu:zln burkittl: only (of a door) 'shut, fastened'. Uyg. vrrr ff.
knlnhn (sic) ronchahtc 'he made his face stern' Man. b e r k TT I X 109 (damaged): Bud.
Kny. 11 339 (burkltu:r, burk1tma:k). Sanskrit drkn 'firm, stable' b e r k (spelt p-)
ya:rp TT VIII B.3; srhira ditto, ditto
?I)b l r k ~ r (of
- a horse, etc.) 'to snort'; morpho- but y a r p do. 15; b e r k l e r d e a r l g l a r d a (gap)
lo~icallyobscure, see birklg. This and other 'among firm, pure men' TT IV 6, 48-9 (in
cognate Verbs occur in several modern lan- a parallel passage U II 84, 2 the first word
guages, N E Icoib., Sag. ptrgrr- ; Khak. ditto. ; is mistranscrihed(?) beglerde): Civ. (let him
S E Tiirki p u r x u r a - l p u x r a - Slzaw; p u r k u - hold this amulet) a y a s ~ n d ab e r k 'firmlvin the
13$; b u r k u r a - Jarring; NC Klr. burkulda-. palm of his hand' TT VII z7,8: Xak. XI b e r k
Kzx. btrkllda-; S C Uzb. pigkir- (sic); n e g 'something solid, firm' (ml~hkam)the ori-
NW ]<a%.birgllda- ; IZk. p i r k ~ r a - l p ~ s k l;r - ginal (form) was b e k and the -r- was added
IZumyk plqgtr-; Nog. p ~ r x ~ l d a - l p t s k l r - . (zsyida) Kaj. 1 3 4 9 ; a.0. I11 445 (berk1e:-):
Xak:x) at b l r k ~ r d ina;~nra'l-faras
; 'the horse K B azrgllg e r e n b e r k tugiinler y a z a r 'a
 MON. BRG
rnan w ith long teeth can loosen tight knots' 283; D biiriik Pass. Conc. N, fr. b u r - . Survives
b u e r k b i r l e beglik ull b o l s u b e r k '.with in SE Tiirki b u r i i k 'pucker, gathrr' Show 48
thisauthoritymaythefoi~ndationoftheprovince (only). It is an open questinti whether bSrek,
hecome solid' 942; n.o. 361, 701, etc.: X I I ( ? ) a stuffed pnncakc', is also a later form of this
h-Rl'P b e r k b u r n o l k n ~t u t r ~ k l tk i ~ 'al man word. It has no other ohvioue ctyrnolngy, but
who holds this kingdom firrnly' 40: XIII(?) is consistently spelt with -6- in SC x ~ xXiva
Trf. b e r k 'strong' (cord) 99: s ~ Mtth. v nl- Vn~tt.246; several N\V Ianguagcq: SW Osm.,
-nrrr!tknnr b e r k 11Te1. 83, 14; Rif. 189: Ga& 'l'km. X a k . X I b u r u k 'anv circular draw-
xv ff. b e r k ('with -k') herk 7le n~tr~rlzamVeI. string' (.ray/ lnttdnwcuor) like that in the mouth
138 (qiiotn.); b e r k mrr!rknnt n n rrstrr~ucir'fimi, of a leathrr food hag or the top of the trou-
solid' Son. 1 3 5 ~ 18 . (qnotns.): X w a r . X I I I ( ? ) sers and the like Kol. 1 3 8 5 : (Ktp. X I V b 6 r e k
y a x y b e r k (or b e r i k ? ) b a l u k 'a good 'pieces of dough stuffed with meat'; and whcn
strongly defended town' 02. 176-with hqong. it is eaten on a skewer it is called sig b a r e k
form and mcaning bCrke e r n g e k 'severe fd. 30; similar entry, adding 'if stuffed with
pain' do. 24: X I V h e r k 'firm, firmly' Quth 30; sugar called q e k e r biirck' Brrl. 8, 12).
b e r k k1l- 'to fasten' (a dr)or) Noh[. 19, 12: bcrge: l a ,,,hipv; an old word cndirlRin -ge:,
K o m . 'firm, riqorous' berlc C C I , C C G ; Gr.
(qllotns,):K t p . b e r k nl-qaz‘,wi 'strong' Ii tt is s"~gested
T T I VP., note B47 that
i s a I.-w. fr. Latin riirga 'a rod, stick' 01)-
ld. 30: xv firm, Tlrh, 2ob, tained through Middle l'e. but there does not
4; *om7"i (katl and) berk, the latter also
Seem to he any trace of the word in PC., and
al.liddo do, 29h, 9 : Osm. xrv f f , berk the theory is impmbahlc. N.o.a.b., completely
etc.; c.i.a,p, T T S I 9 1 ; II 1 3 r ; IzI g3f displaced by the syn. word k a m g ~ : , q.v. Cf.
I V 95. k a g i l . Uyg. V I I I ff. Bud. t e m i r b e r g e 'an
iron \vIiip' T T V 10, 93; 0.0. T7' I V ro, 7
biirk 'a cap'. S.i.a.m.1.g. with minor phonetic (and see note tllcrcoll) ctc, (bedijk),
changes, c.& N C Kir. biiruk. Scc Dorrjrr 11 23 (bireg"): civ,k a m q t berge
sltv, I;,
, ~ , ~ i ~
737. Xak. X I b61-k al-qnlclnctlruo 'a cap' Kn$. f]r,CRcd' [ J S ~ . 5 s , 3q; T T VII ,42,
3.19 (prov.); IT1 (hOrtalatl-); 351 (bclttr): ;Yak. herge: a rl,d or whip ("1-
(borta:la:-) a.o.0.: K l j neqe b a ~b e d d s e -qndih tmql-sn70t) to flog thieves or drive
bediik b o r k k e d u r 'the 1,icpcr a man's head K I 427; a,o, 111323, (Fat,..a:-):
gets, the bigger the cap that he lvears' 43.5: h-11 ogul klzka b e r g e yediir 'have
x r ~ ~ (At.
? ) b u r u n b a ? k a b i i r k n i k e d e r b n ~ no whip son a n d daughterv1494;
k e r e k 'you must first ha\-e a head before you ..,, 2296, 2580 (*on-), 2p88:
Sg3 ( 2
put a cap on it' 300: X I V Afnh. of-qalansuwo xwar. og.
s r I l ( ~ ) 14-S (emge
bba:rk Mel. 66, 12; Rif. 166: Gag. xv ff. bbark
kl,lfih 'cap' Son, 13zv. 27: X w a r . x ~ vb a r k
$.
I ) b6:rgu: Ilev. N. fr. b4:r-; 'something
ditto Qrr~b36; bijriik Nahc. 3.49, 12: p r n . ~ v h i c hought to be, or is, given'. Survives in
'capp biirk C C I ; Gr.: K I P . s v tzqi4'o skull- SW Osm. v e r g u / v c r g i 'gift, tax'; Tkm.
cap' b o r k fib. z3h. 8 : O s r n . X I V b S r k 'cap'; b e r g i 'deht'. UyR. V I I I ff. Civ. ( I hought a
c.i.a.p. T T S 11 l g ; 11 168; 111 I 1 2 ; I V 126. skin of wine) s e k i z s i t l r k i i m u $ b 6 r g i i k e
'at a price of 8 sifrr in cash' p n z . Arch., 1. I 14:
X a k . SI bP:rgii: a/-dnyn a deht'; one says
Dis. BRG an10 m a o a : bi:r a t be:rgu:sl:.ba:r 'he o~ves
C blriik Arlv. or Cotijuncticrn; bl:r with o k rile one horse' KO$. I 427: X w a r . ~ I I I ( ? )
(2 ok) attactled. 4 word of very indefinite (he made friends) yaxgl bPrglt b l r l e 'with
meanlnE used at or near the heginning of goodly gifts' OR. 122; s.o. 195.
sentences; v. G . ('4 TG, para. 41 7) translates b u r g e : an old word ending in -get; 'flea'.
i t ~,,lln,at,erv (c\vell,I,ut, but it is An
doubtful it as precise a carlv (.ulcl) 1.-w. in Mona. (see lfaeniscl1,
Incaning as Except for one occurrence Sino-~r~?1golis~he G[o~snre I (ADAW, 1957)~
in ~ ~ it seems
~ k occur ~ only, in Con- P. 13, No. 179); survives as b W e and the
ditional sentences, sometimes in the phr. like in SE Turki; KC Klr., I<zx.; SC Uzb.;
NW Kk' and in Osnl. Tkm'
a p a m birijk (see apag). I t is therefore often There is an irregular form N W Kaz. b o r q a ;
translated #ifv,but this sense is inherent in the
K r ~ n i .Kumyk b i l r r e ; NOR. b W e , and see
Verb even if birak is absent, N,o,a,b, Tilrkii belo\\?, perhaps an abbreviated Dim. f. X a k .
V l l l ff. Man, birok follows a finite Verb and
X I biirge: al-borglit 'flea'; and a light-hearted
seems to qualify a c;er, i n -iip followed
another finite nf I 6, I ; it a Cond, fickle (nl-!n~sc~)man is called b W e : kivi:
x ~ vMlrh. n[-bart?~it bur@:
sentence T T zo. 93 : Ugg. vlr, ff, KO$.1 427:
bran, fc;llo;ed
birik by Cond, sen- (-g- b a r g
marked)
e ('with
Ff.
-8-774,6; 177: Gail. xv ff.
knyk flea', in Ar. bartli!
tence T T 111 b4: birok introducing Son. 1 3 2 ~ .28: KIP. xrlr nl-hnr&iit burre:;
a c o n d , sentence is common T T I V 6, 2 s ;
T k m . biire: Hen. 12, 2: Xrv b u r r e : ditto
v 26, 92-3; 28, 1 2 1 ; VII 40, 2 2 etc.; VIII id. 30; ditto burelbiirqe: Rlt1. 11, 6 : Osm.
R . r , etc,: Civ. major para, in T T I
begins b i r a k ... atlle trk kelser <if the X I V to X V I I bUre 'flea'; c.i.a.p. T T S I 133;
1 1187; III 133; 140.
hexagram named . . . appears'; a.o.0.: xrv
(:/tin.-IJyi. Dict. j r r hrrn 'if' (Giles 5,668 5,316) PUD burgii:q Hap. leg.; spelt y e r ~ i i :in ~ the
bIrSk m e U I 56 (s.v. bir6k). MS. but its positlun bet\veen b o d r a q (P.N.)
 D I S . V.
and b6sgeq indicates initial b- and the mean- 'to fasten' (a door) 'rlr,: Gag. xv ff. bbrkit-
ing shows it to be a N.I. fr. bur-. There are ('with -k-') berkit- Vel. 138; berkit- (and
many wl~rdlin SW xx Anat. with this meaning bbrkiqtiir-) Caus. f.; muhkam knrdair 'ti,
nnd termination der. fr. syn. verbs, see ~ . g . make firm' Son. rqgr. 23 (quotn.): X w a r .
evirgeq S l ) D 559. Xak. xr b i i r g i i : ~'a piece berkit- xrlr 'to strengthen' 'Alig4: Kom. wrv
of wood (xayahn) shaped like a s\x-ord used to 'to make fast, strengthen' berkit- C C I ; Gr.:
turn bread in the oven' KO$. 1452. KIP. s~rrqawcd min taqmiyati'l-gay'i maynli'
'to fasten (a manufactured article)' berkit-
U b f i r k ~ i :N.A8. fr. bBrk; 'a maker or seller Hou. 43, 8: xrv (under bek and followinp the
of caps'. Xak. 91 borkqi: 01-qnlznisi 'a cap- entry of berki:-) and in the Caus. f. bcrkit-/
maker' occurs in a prov. quoted in Kaj. I 26, bekit- Id. 34.
20; 1141, 15; 5 ~ ~ 1n.m.e.: 8; xrv Muh. krtlicicizi
ditto borkqi: Mel. 58, 9; bo:rkqi: Rif. I 57: D bergek- Hap. leg.?; Pass. Den. V. fr.
K o m . xrv ditto bor(k)$i C C I ; Gr. berge:. Xak. vrrI ff. Uyi. b e r g e k a g a l fize
I bergekip 'being flo~ged with whips and
U biirkek Hap. leg.; sp& w . y- in the MS. willow rods' Suv. I 17, I 2-13,
but between t o l k u k and bezge:k. Etynio-
logically connected w. biirkiir-, q.v. Xak. U berk1e:- Den. 1'. fr. b e r k ; morpho-
xr one says ko:k biirkek bold^: dacanati'l- logically alternative to, and more or less syn.
-mmd' 'the sky poured down rain' K q . 11 289: w. bek1e:-. N.0.a.b. Xak. xr 01 tau7a:nn
xrrr(?) TeJ. biirkiik (sic) 'spray' I 13. berk1e:di: o!~raza mrilnhu run hn/az~~hu'he
guarded his property closely and protected it';
1) b e r k l l g P.N./A. fr. b e r k and practically also used ior imprisoning (hahafa) a man,
I syn. w. it. N.0.a.b. Uyg. V I I I ff. Civ. berkllg etc. or protecting (hafaza) a thing; originally
y e k iqgekler 61 t u t g a l l r 'devils (FIend.) with bek1e:di: or possibly taken fr. the phr. berk
firm grips grasp the realm' T7' I 166: (Xak.) y6:r 'a secure (01-!turiz) place' Kay. I11 445
xrri(?) At. b e r i m d i n b a x i l elgi ked berklig (berkie:r, berk1e:me:k); berkle: ne:gni:
01 'the miser's hand is very unyielding in the istnw!iqi'l-jay' 'keep the thing secure' 446, 8 :
\
matter of giving' 254; Tcf. b ~ r - k l i g(of a cell) K B n e g u t e e kigen ol seni berkleyii 'what
'closcd, shut' yg: X w a r . s ~ c5nr1nga
v berk- kind of a hoh1,le is it that fastcns you?' 701
lig 'with a firm grip on my soul' Qutb 31. (but in 700 bek1e:-): sir^(?) Ttf. berkle- 'to
fasten' (a door) 99: Kom. xrv berklep
Dis. V. BRG- 'firmly' C C G ; Gr.
D birik- Intrans. Den. V. fr. bl:r; 'to come D berklet- Caus. f. of berk1e:-; n.0.a.b.
together, be united', and the like. S.i.a.m.1.g. Xak. XI (as a grammatical example of a Caus.
'Tiirkii vrrr see biriki:: UyR. vlrr ff. Bud. f. of this shape) ol ne:g berkletti: 'he gave
t e r l yinqge
~ snvlarda bilge blligleri birik- orders for the protection (bi-hqz) of the thing'
m i $ 01, t e ~ r i d e mkogiilke b i r i k m e k d e I&?. 111424, 4; n.m.e.: xrrr(?) TcJ. berklet-
k n k tegri yagln k ~ l m 01 l ~'their wisdom has 'to order (someone) to imprison (someone
been concentrated in deep subtle sayings; by Acc.)' 99.
uniting then~selveswith the divine mind they
liavc nctcd like heaven itself' Hiirn-ts. 126-30: burkiir- ( ? I ? - ) 'to spurt!, gush'. Etynio-
Civ. iki kogul birikcli 'the two minds have logically connected with b u r k e k . Rlorpho-
logically dimcult; it is possible that this is an
i cirme together' TT I 136; 0.0. VII 30, 4-5: Intrans. Den. V. and biirkek a Den. N. fr.
Xak. X I KI? a y a b i r b i r i k m e z s a g a b i r
nflln 'oh! 'I'hou One (God), no rrther is joined * b u r k ( ? p - ) which might he an ononiatopoeic
to 'Thee' 8 ; b u iki b i r i k s e bolur e r t u k e l for the sound of spurting. The modern forms
'if these two qualities are joined together mostly lack the final -r-. Survives in N E Alt.,
n man becomes complcte (or perfect)' 225; 'Tel. piirku- p u r k u r - 'to splutter' R I V 1399;
0.0. 343. 862, 1664: xrr~(?) At. lki neg Khak. piirgur-; S E Tiirki piirkif- 8 9 ;
b i r i k s e b i r e r k e ka11 'if the two things are piirk- Jarring; N C I<rr., Km. biirk-; S C
joined in one man' 149: Gag. xv ff. birik- Ueb. p u r k a - ; N\V I<az. b 6 r k - ; Kk., Kumyk
(spelt) mritta!iidgirdan 'to he united' Sa~z.145r. b i i r k - ; Nog. biirkii-. Xak. XI k5:k b u r -
26 (hirikil- is syn. rv. b i r i k - do. rjgv. 9): kiirdi: dacanati'l-samci' 'the heavens poured
X w a r . X I V birik- ditto Qiith 33: Kom. X I V down rain'; and one says yuguqs: to:nka:
ditto C C G ; Gr.: KIP. xv itta!iada ~c'n'lln'a~rm su:v biirkiirdi: rng~a'l-qn~f6ru'l-mli' 'nl6'l-
'to he united ([lend.)' b i r i k l Ttrh. gh. 7. -tnqv/l 1;-j*abitllohu'the fuller sprayed water on
tfie garment to moisten it' (irregular; thc Verb
. D b e r k i t - Caus. f, of berki:- Den. V. fr. is Intrans., perhaps an error of the author's
b e r k (which is not noted earlier than Gag. for *biirkurtti:); and one savs ka:n biir-
. xv ff. Vel. 138; Snti. 1 4 4 ~ .29; Xwar. xrv kurdi: 'blood gushed (~ia'ara)from the wound'
. Q~ttb30 and KIP. YIV fd. 30, 34); 'to fasten, Kay. II 170 (biirkure:r, biirkiinne:k):
make firm, consolidate', and the like. Syn. w. KB (some flowers stretch out their hands
bekiit-; survives in SE, SC, where it is the holding incense) k a y u biirkirer (MS. in
preferred form, NW and SW. Xak. xr 01 error biivkirer) k i n a j u n yld k o p a r 'some
berkitti: ne:gni: 'he fixed (aPknma) the thing spray musk on the world and the fragrance
(or affsir)' Kaj. 11 340 (berkitikr, berkit- rises' 98; (the night was dark) 'abir biirkirer
me:k): I C 8 b u s o z berkitii 'confirming this t e g 'as if ~ e r f u m ewas being sprayed' 4892:
, statenlent' 661; a.0. 794: XIII(?)Tef. berkut- Kom. xrv burklir- 'to splutter' C C G ; Gr.
 BRG
T r l s . BRG x ~ vMuh. pJ'n 'to slap' Rij. I I I only). X a k .
D beriiki: ( ? b4rii:ki:) N./i\.S. fr. berii:; xr t a m n r bergelendl: (n~isvocnlizrd hiir-)
'(situated) towards this side'. N.n.a.b. Cf. 'thc man's veins were distcnrlrd (i~tttnln'ot)
(VU) beryekl:. Tiirkii V I I I T 45-6, which is with 1,lood' (i.c. so that they lonkcd like a whip
much damaged, contains a list of peoples who thong); and one says e r bergelendi: 'the
subnlitted to tncl Kaaan; 45 pcrhaps ends man owned a whip (siiru!) to clrivr rattle' f i g .
S a k a : 'Tejlk T o x a r sayu:(?) and 46 cer- It1 201 (bergeienii:r, berge1enme:k).
tainly hcgins anta: beriiki: (I'U) S u k bagllg 1) b u r g e l e n - liap. Icy.; Refl. Den. V. fr.
SoRdak 'all(?) the Saka, Persians and 'rokha- biirge:. X a k . X I e r biirgelendi: 'the nian
rians and on this side of them the Sogdians jumped with rage buo!ohn win Ro&hilri) as if
headed by (PU) Suk' (the previous reading he \\-ere a flea' ICny. III 202 (biirgelenii:r,
xeriihi: is certainly wrong and ineaninpless): biirge1enme:k).
Uyg. V I I I ff. Hud. (faith) yiliktin s u g u k t i n
beriiki 'from the (inmost) marrow and hones L) b6rlgse:- Ilap. leg., Desid. Ileri. V. ft.
outwards' (i.e. all-pervading) Sire'. *berig, N.Ac fr bC:r-; 'to W I E ~to give'.
a.o. T T Z V 14, 62 (iikislz). Xltk. XI 01 m a g a : tawa:r berigse:di: 'he
intended and tried to give me pniperty (etc.)'
D biregii: Collective f. of bi:r; properly 'one KO?. I f 1 334 (berigse:r, berigse:me:k).
by itself, single', occasionallv 'one (of several).'
S.i.s.nl.1. in Np: and NC only(?). Uyg. V I I I ff. I'U13 bergese:- Hap. l r ~ . Dcsid. ; Den. V. fr.
Bud. (several demons approached me) b i r e - berge:; 'to wish to flog'. 'I'his word possibly
giisi bediik b e r g e t u t m q 'one of them held occurs in a rather ot~scureand damaged Man.
a great whip' (ikintisi . . . iiqunqi ... clocummt describing the sufferings of the
tortiinqi) S I I ~ 5. , 22: Xak. XI KB b u k a $ wicked in hell. U y a . ~ I I ff. I Man. (the demons
neg b i r i k s e b i r e g u uze 'if these few things in hell seize thcm; the . . . demons come)
come together in a s i n ~ l eindividual' 343;
k a m u g d11nyB boina biregiike t u z 'even if
min ... - k . . . p e r k e n (sic) u r u p a n plrke-
s e y i i r (sic) 'they wish tn whip thcm, bcating
the whole world is cql~alto (i.e. no more im- thein with a . . . \rhip' A i II 1 3 , 8-9.
portant than) a single individual' (the world's
share remains, his is no more than two Ills. BRI,
cloths for a shroud) 1238: SIII(?) Tef. b i r e g u
'a single (man)' 103: Gag. xv ff. b i r e w bir ? I ) birle: 'with' ; C;ronhcch in L)FI tiirkische
kirnsr 'nne person' I,7el. 139 (quotns.) (also e w Sprorhbotr, p. 3 5 , describes this and uqiin,
hir kitnse; also used in the phr. b i t e w do. 32 iize:, and t e g as the four old 'T~lrkinh Post-
(rluotns.)): b i r e w (spelt) yoki 'one (man)' Son. posns. also used as Advs.; he analyses it as
r.+jv. I S (quotn.) (also e w gnxs 'a person' do. bi:r with 'cinphatic' Particle -la:, but there
i3r. 27 (onr of the same quotns.; the word had is no other trace of such a Particle. T h e word
been completely forgotten, and was taken to be is obviously very old, and it seems more
a compound with the purcly imaginary word reasonable to analyse it as an ~bbreviatedGer.
ew)): X w a r . srrr b i r e w 'single' 'Ali 23: Ktp. of a Den. V. fr, bi:r, birle:- which occurs as
X I V in Id. 114, 21 E. thcrc is a list of collective a V. meaning 'to unite' (Trans.) in Xwar.
iiutiicrals fro111 ikegii: to seksegii, followed ' S I I I ( ? )8.o.o. 'l'he -r- hcjinn tri he elidcd at an
h y 'the same suffix appcars in biregii: meaning early date, producing thr f. bile, but in some
"solitary, hy himself" (01-~nrrnfaridbi-&titti)'. modern lanjiuajies this has been further
abraded arid words quite unlike the original
I) biriki: 'tiniteri'; n.o.a.h.; Ilev. N./A. fr. have resultrd; a long list of these forms will
birik-. T u r k i i V I I I (Ilsten all of )ou, my be found in N. F. Katanov, Opyt i.s.tlrrlovn~~iyo
younger brothers, my sons) biriki: u g u g l m ~trj~nnkiraiskogo yozyka, Kazan, 1903, p. 151.
b o d u n t m 'my uniterl clan and people' I S I , Broadly speaking in N E the' word survives
II N I ; a.o. I E 27, 11E 22 (1 o:t). more or less unchanged as in 'ruv. bile or
grossly deformed as in Khak. n i l n a n ; In
U bergerii: (?b&rgerii:) Directive f. of *ber; S E Jarring records birle/bile/vile/birlen/
see berii:, (?E) b ~ r g a r u : . Pec. to Tiirku bilen/vilen; NC Klr. m e n l m e n e n ; Kzx.
and used only for 'southwards'. T i i r k i i b e n l p e n l r n e n ; SC Uzb. b i i a n ; in NW all
vllr (I canipaigned) b6rgerii: 'southwards' the forms found in NC as welt as more con-
(as far as the Tokuz Ersin, and almost as far ventional ones; SW Az., Osm. i l e ; Tkm.
as Tihet) I S 3 ; 0.0. I S 2, II IV 2, (ortu:); bilelbilen. As a Postposn. birle: has much
I E ~ ~ , I I E ~ ~ ; I I N I I . the same meanings (comitative, instrumental)
I1 birgerii: Directiw f. of b i z ; 'at (or into) as English 'with'. At some unknown date, but
one place'. N.o.a.b. U y g . V I I I ff. Mali. T T as early as Xak. it came to be used as an Adv.
I11 96 (iiqun): Bud. y t g l l t ~ l a br i r g e r i i 'they meaning 'even', and in Osm., while as a Post-
posn. it is ile, as an Adv. it is still hiie, see
assernl>led at one place' U 1 2 3 , 4 ; T T VZIZ Deny, Gmtnnmire de Ia langue inrqt~e,Paris,
C .1 2 (01ur-); a.o.0. 1920, para. 437. T i i r k i i vrrr birle: 'with'
T r i s . V. BRG- occurs in a simple co~nitativesense, e.& e q i m
x a g a n birle: 'with my uncle the sntnn' I E
D berge:len- Hap. leg.; I(etl. f. of berge:le:-, 17, IZ E 15, or with the indirect Obj. after
Den. V. fr. berge: (which is first noted in verbs like 'to come to an ~ g r e c n ~ e nIt ' S 4,
 D I S . V. B R L -
I1 N 3 (tczill-) and Siigitg- 'to fight' I E 35; 'together', and less often as an Adv. meaning
I N
- . . I : V I I I ff. Man. sizni birle 'with vou'
~ ~ ~ - - 'also'
- ~ nr. 'even'.
.. .
(note the Acc., which suggests that birle:
was still regarded notionally as a V.) TT II D ba:rlig P.N./A. lr. ba:r; 'possessing
6, I ; 0.0. Chuas. I 2 etc.: Yen. iki: og11:n (much) property, rich'. Syn. w. ba:y and
birle: olti: 'he died 'with his two sons' (note almost completely displaced by it, llut survives
Acc.) Mal. 31, 5: Uyg. V I I I T a t a r blrle: in somc NE dialects as p a r l ~ g j p a r l u :R I V
I 156. See Doerfer I1 687. X a k . X I b a : r l ~ ge r
katl: tokl:drm 'I fought fiercely with the
Tatar' $rr. E 6 : V I I I ff. Man.-A (however a[-raculu'l-nrufri (MS. in error mupi) dti'l-mcil t
many physicians come) otln birle 'with their 'a rich man owning property' Kaj. 111 438:
drugs (Acc.)' M I 15, 6-7; a.o.0.: Bud. birle, xlv Muh. Mel. 55, 9 (ba:y): Gag. xv ff, b a r l ~ g s
and in late texts bilelbilen is very common varlu akgalrr ma'ncsma 'rich, moneyed' Vel.
both in a comitative and an instrumental 127 (quotn.); barllg mcild~ir ma i a n i ditto
sense e.g. m e n a l - t i i z m i y b i r l e 'I and El- Sun. 121r. 23 (quotn.): Kom. xrv 'a rich man'
-tiizmig' TT I V 4, IS, etc.; and (bend the two b a r l u kigi C C I ; Gr.: KIP. XIII al-mupi &'I-
index fingers and) u l u g ergek U ~ Ibilen -cadda 'rich, prosperous' (opposite to 'destitute'
t e g u r 'touch them with the tip of the thumb' yoklu:) ba:rlu: Hou. 26, 14: XIV barlu:
T T V 8, 57: Civ. birle/birlen/bile/bilen Bani ay dti mamctid Id. 29: O s m . x ~ vand xv
all occur as Postposns. in both senses, e.g. v a r I ~ / v a r l u'rich' in three texts TTS 1 757;
erdemlie: kist e r t i n i bile t u z eriir 'a vir- I V 817 (and see Vel.).
tuous m;n is- con~parablewith a jewel' TT DF borluk A.N. (Conc. N.) fr. 1 b o x ; 'vine-
I VII 42, I , and eqka s u t i birle y u n s a r 'if it yard'. N.o.a.1~.Uyg. V I I I ff. Bud. b o r l u k t m n ~
is washed with goat's milk' do. 23, I ; in do. 28 kazedzun 'let him guard my vineyard' PP 73,
yekler bir[le] in 2, kigi bile in 5: Xak. X I 3; 0.0. do. 79, I ; T T I V 10, 6: Civ. borluk
birle: a Particle (lrarf) meaning 'with' (mu'); 'vineyard' is common in IJSp., e.g. 2, 4(utm:):
one says 01 m e n l g birle: erdi: 'he was with xlv Chin.-U>g. L)ict. 'vineyard' b a g borluk,
me' (note Gen.); and the -r- is elided from it see 2 ba:g.
for the sake of lightness (li'l-!riffs) and one
says bile: Kag. 1 4 3 0 ; over roo 0.0. of birle: Dis. V. BRL-
and nearly 40 of bile all(?) as Postposns.:
K B birlelbile (as the metre requires) are D b a d - Pass. f. of b a r - ; used in Kay. to
very common as Postposns. in both senses; illustrate the point that a Pass. f. of an Intrans.
bile 'even' (Adv.) 2722 (arslk-): XIII(?)At. V. can only be used Impersonally. Survives
birle is common, and bile less common as only(?)in SW Osm. v a r ~ l;-Tkm. b a r ~ l - ,Uyg.
VIII ff. Bud. Sanskrit (gap) ycito 6y4n b a : r l -
a Postposn. in both senses; Tef. birlelbile
as Postposn. in both senses 101, 103: XIV mi$ T T V I I I A.16: Xak. XI evke: barddl:
Muh. 'the Preposns. ma' and hi- are repre- duhiba ild'l-bayt 'a move was made to the
sented in Turkish by bi:le:' e.g. 'I went with house' Kay. I1 130, 28; similar phr. 139, 3;
- - -....
so-and-so'
- - te:wii:k bi:le: b a r d r m and 'I n.m.e.
struck so-and-so with a sword' te:wukni: D bberil- Pass. f. of bb:r- 'to be given'.
k111:r bi:le: u:rdum; 'I went with so-and-so' S.i.a.m.l.g. Xak. XI aga:r yarma:k berlldi
te:wu:k bi:rle: (sic) ba:rdrm MeI. 13, 7; Rif. 'the dirham (etc.) was given (duji'a) to him'
94: ,Gag,. xv ff. birlenlbirle mean 'with' in K a j I1 131 (b6rilu:r, b6rilrne:k): K B (if a
conjunctron with other words (ma' dar raw&!) madman strikes a man and he dies) Glum yak r
San. 145v 29 (quotn. for each word); bile a g a r h a m bbrilmez gbgi 'there is no death
means ( I ) ham~unin'likewise' at the beginning (sentence) for him and no security is given for
of a sentence, in Ar. kad8lika; (2) when used him' 295: XIII(?)At. (there is a saying that)
after another word ma' (quotn.); (3) bd yak- berilse a g a r a d a m 1 (sic) iki kol dinPr 'if a
digar 'with one another, together' (quotn.) man is given two handfuls of gold coins' (he
do. 149". 25; another (Postposn.) is ile/ilen/ asks for three) 311-12: Tef. bberil- 'to be
bilen/birle/birlen meaning Ar. ma' do. 16r. given' (in some cases the recipient is the Sub-
20: Xwar. ~ I I blrle I Postposn. in both senses ject and the thing the Object) 99: Gag. xv ff.
'Ali 7: xlrl(?) ditto Og'. common: xlv birlel b6ril- ddda judan 'to be given' Sun. IMV. 14
bile ditto Qurb 32,33 ;MN 6, etc. ;birle Nakc. (quotn.): Kom. xrv beril- ditto CCG; Gr. 56
2, 8, etc.: Kom. xlv birle C C I ; bile CCI; (puotn.): KIP. xv k u l g a b i r 6 t m e k b6rildi
C C G common as Postposn. in both senses ( a loaf was gi\-en to the slave') is quoted to
Gr. 59 (quotns.): KIP. xrrr 'the Ar. word ma' illustrate the use of Dat. for the indirect
is bile: in Turkish' Hori. 54, 3 (quotns.): xrv Object after a Pass. V. Tuh. 4Rb. 3.
bile:/birle: ma' Id. 36; ma' bile: Bril. 14, 4
(quotns.): xv ma' bile Tub. 3b. 3; 'they elide D burul- Pass. f. of b u r - ; 'to be twisted,
-r- and say bile for birle' do. 83a. 6; a.o.0.: folded', etc. S.i.s.m.l. with the same phonetic
O s m . xrv ff. the normal Postposn. in both changes as bur-. Cf. turiil-. Xak. XI bitig
senses was always ile, occasionally ilen TTS biiriildi: inzam~i'l-kit56 'the letter (etc.) was
1 3 7 1 ; 11 523; 111 361; I V 4 r 5 ; birle was folded up' Kag. II I 3 I (buruliir, burti1me:k):
common xlv to XVI and sporadic later I 107; Gag. xv ff, burul- (sic) p i ~ i d agridan 'to be
II 152; III 101; I V 111; also bile I y 7 ; I1 twisted' Sun. 141% 14: Xwar. XrV (VU)
139; I11 91; I V 102; bile by itself and even buriil- ditto Q u f b 38: K o m . xrv burul- (sic)
in Hend, with ile occurs as an Adv. meaning (of a snake) 'to curl up' C C G ; Gr. 69 (quotn.):
 Osni. sv burol- (of a n.hirlp~)ol)'to twist' Gag. s v IT. b u r m a (sic) 'a tic' ( b n ~ t d )
II.III.V.:
(Intrans.) TTS I V 135. \\hi& thcy put round the top o f a purse, and
\\hen they pill1 it the top o f the purse comes
L) burlen- Refl. Den. V. fr. b u r ; 'to corne togcther and is gathered t i ~ h t ;also 'a sheaf'
into bud'. Survives as purlen- in several (dasfa) of forage which thcy twist up and dry
NE d~alectsR I V 1399 and Khak. Xak. X I and feed to livestock in winter; also 'a tap'($ir)
y ~ g a :burlendl:
~ 'the tree came into bud which they fix in baths nntl places for storing
(hor'nnrot) that is when it pots out its young water, and when they turn it watcr comes out
shoots' (osracnt 'uscilicalrci) Kaj. 11 237 (bur- Son. 1 3 2 ~29:
. KIP. xv mnncuniq 'balista, siege
lenu:r, burlenme:k): Kom. srv burlen- catnpult' ( V U ) b u r m a Ttrh. 34a I .
Iborlen- 'to sprout' CCG; Gr. 71 (quotn.).
T r l s . BRM
T r i s . BRL
D bbrimqi: N.Ag. fr. bh:rim; 'debtor'.
I>Fborlukql N.Ag. fr. borluk; 'vine grower, N.0.a.h. Tiirkii V I I I ff. Man. Clznas. 309
vine cultivator'. N.0.a.h. Uye. V I I I ff. Bud. ( o t e k ~ i : ) : Uyg. v111ff. Civ. 1JSp. 57, 14
Kadlni x a n b o r l u k ~ i s 'the
i king of Kad~ni's (alimp:): Xak. X I Kag. 175,18 etc. ( a l ~ r n ~ i : ) ;
wine cultivator' PI' 72, 5 ; a.o. do. ; g , 2: Civ. n.m.e.
borlukci 'a vine cultivator' (not the owner of
a vineyard) occurs 4 or 5 times in USp. 1) b a r i m l l g P.N./A. fr. b a r l m ; 'owning
property. N.o.a.h. Uyk. V I I I ff. Bud. bay
1) biirileyii: Hap. Icp.; Ger. of a Den. V. fr. b a r r m l l g tinlnglnr a z 'rich men and men
bcirl: which is proh. used only in this form. of propertv nre scarce' T1' V I 024; n.o.0. of
Xak. S I (the men howled) h6:rlleyii: (sic) this phr. in TT V I .
'like wolves' Kog. I 189, I ; n.1n.e.
I> b a r i m l r k Hap. leg.?; A.N. (Conc. N.) fr.
Dis. BRhl b a r r m ; 'storehouse'. Uyg. vlrr ff. Man.-A
(give nllns to the poor Elect, hunaer and suffer
I) b a r l m Den. N. fr. ba:r; 'property, wealth'. pain yorlrselves and) tolturug 01 megiiliig
N.0.a.b. SW Osm. b a r l m 'at least, anyhow', b a r a m l ~ k a g ~ l i k l g l z k a 'store up (these
etc. is unconnected with this word, but is alms). in that storehouse and treasury of
a Scc. f. of Pe. bciri. Cf. bark. T u r k i i VIII happiness' M III I I , 3 (ii).
(I<iil Tbgin's gold, silver) ag1:st:n b a r i m x n
'treasure arid property' I SI+";(I captured their D b b r i m l i g P.N./A. fr. b4:rlm. Survives
sons, wives) yr1kl:si:n barimi:n 'livestock' only(?) in SW Osm. verimli 'productive,
and property' II E 24; I1 S 3 (in I N I evi:n profitable'. Uyg. vlrr ff. Man. bhrimlig
bar1mi:n is a misreading of evi:n bark1:n): 'indebted9(?) T T 111 160 (damaged): Xak.
I hlan. yilkika b a r i m k n b u l u p 'obtain-
~ I I ff. s t Koj. 1240, 4 (tizliiq-); n.m.e.
ing livestock and property' Chlros. 200, 250:
Uyg. V I I ~( I carried off) y11ki:sl:n barimi:n T r i s . V. DRM-
Srr. E 3; vllr ff. &Ian.-A M. I 15, 4-5 etc. 1 1 b a r ~ m s ~ nIlcff.
- Simulative Den. V. fr.
(a&): Ilud. U I 1 76, 2 etc. (agt:): Civ. T T * b a r i m N.S.A. fr. bar;. N.0.a.b. Xak. sr
VII 34, 3-4 (ag~:): 0. Klr. I X ff. t o r t o l evke: b a r i m s ~ n d r : he pretended to go
adak(l1g2 yllkim sekiz adaklrg b a r ~ m i n (y~Nrob)to (his) Iio~nebut did not nctually do
'my four-legged livestock, and rny eight- so Kog. I1 258 (barrmsrnu:r, barrmsrn-
legged property' Mal. 10, 10 (obscure, perhaps ma:k); 0.0. I1 260, 22; 261, 27.
wagons or tents?); similar phr. do. I I , 3; 42, 6.
Dis. BRN
D b6:rim N.S.A. fr. b6:r-; lit. 'a single act of
giving', but normally in the early period 'a b u r u n lit. 'the nose' (of a human being or
debt' (due to he paid) in antithesis to a l i m 'a animal), 'the beak' (of a bird) and the like:
debt' (due to be received). S.i.s.m.l. some- hence 'a protruding natural feature, headland,
times as 'a fornl of tax' (cf. bert), sometimes peak (of a mountain)'; hence metaph. 'in front,
as 'bribe', in S W Osm. (verim) 'output, yield, preceding', . and by a further development
profit', and sometimes in the phr. a l l m b e r i m 'preceding in times, previous'. S.i.a.m.l.g.,
'comlnerce, exchange'. Uyg. vlrr ff. Man. TT but not everywhere in the full range of mean-
11 17, Sj-7 (ote:-): Bud. T T V I I 40, 72-3. ings. Uyg. V I I I ff. Man. b u r n ~ n d aboz b u l ~ t
(otek): Civ. b e r i m 'deht, ohligation' occu~s iiniir 'a grey cloud rises from her nose' hl II
several times in USp.; it is cornmonest in 11, 19: I3ud. kortle b u r u n i 'her beautiful
relation to leases of land, vineyards, etc. in the nose' U I V 30, 50; (the elephant) b u r u n
phr. s l i m b e r i m 'receipts and outgoings': hligin isletip 'putting the hand of its trunk
X a k , sl bP:rim 01-day71 'debt' Kof. I fog; to work' T T P 24, 5 1 : Civ. b u kigi b u r u n d a
0.0. I1 185, 2 etc. ( a l ~ m ) :k-I3 3oy ( a l ~ m ) : et02 e m g e n m i q 'this man at tint hud a ainful
XIII(?)At. 254(berklig). body' T?' 1/11 28,46; blznlg b u r u n bgrgllqt
(a servant) 'whotn we gave previously' USp.
D biirme: Pass. Conc. N. fr. b i i r - ; lit. 'some- 1 4 ~ 9Xak.
: X I b u r u n 01-ot!f 'the nose'; b u r u n
thing twisted or wound round something'. rn',tti'l-mhal 'the pcnk of a mountain'; one says
S.i.s.~n.l.with the same phonetic changes as ta:g buruur:: and 'the first (01-ururval) of any-
bur-. See Doerfer I1 5 3 3 Xak. X I b u r m e : thing' is called b u r u n ; one suys 01 m e n d i n
~rl-nu~/uqo 'waist-band' K t ~ ~11
. 94 (buriig-); b u r u n bardr: 'he went ahcad of me' (qlrdcimi);
 TRIS.
(quotn.) Snn. 133' 16: (Xwar. srv biirunqiik- uncertain. I'n~perly 'leopard' hut in 'I'urkish
l u g 'wearing a veil' Qritb 39): KIP. xrrr al- apparently also used for other large felines.
-miqna'n b i i r i i n ~ i i kHott. 17. 20. One of the animals of the 12-year animal cycle
and so, at any rate in this context, an carly
1) b u r u n d u k Conc. N. fr. b u r u n ; lit. 'nose- I.-w. in Along. S.i.rn.m.l.g.. but when, as in
piece' or the like, in practice 'Icading-rein, SW Osni., the for111 is p a r s i l l ) rlr~ubt a
nose-ring', and other sirnilar dr.vices for con- rccent borrowing fr. Pe. and rlnt a survival.
trolling animals, esp. carncls. Survives in N E Yolbars 'tiger', \\.hich s.i.a.tn.1.g. except N11,
'I'uv. b u r u n d u k ; NC I<lr. m u r u n d u k ; SW, is a cornpound of yo:l, here rnetaph.
l i z x . m u r l n d r k ; NIL' Nog. b u r r n d l k ; (in 'streak, stripe', nnd bnrs. See Doerfer I1 685.
S\V Osm. b u r u n d u r u k ; 'rkm. burunlrk). 'I'iirku virr ff. b n r s ytl 'the Leopard Year'
See 1)oerjer 11 738. Xak. xr b u r u n d u k al- Irkl3, Postscript; 0.0. do, ro (esne:-), 31 (3 eg),
-zimdtn 'leading rein' Kag. I s o r ; a.o. IZ r6,26 49 (eg1e:-): Uyk. vru b a r s yllkn: Srr. B 7:
(tak-, described as Oguz): KH ukug 01 vrrr ff. Man. K u t a d m q B a r s IJ.N. 1'7' 1.Y
h u r u n d u k 'understanding is the leading 114: Bud. b i r tlgi b a r s 'a tigress' U IIZ 63,
re~n'(if a man leads with it he attains all 4-5 etc.; Sitv. 609, 17 (no doubt the only word
his desircs) 159: S I I I ( ? )Tef. b u r u n d u k ditto available to translate Sanskrit 'tigress'); Kut-
I 12: Mtih. al-zintdm b u r u n d u k Mel. 70, 9; l u g B a r s TBgln l'.N. T T ZV, p. 20, note
b11ru:nda:k (sir) Rif. 172: ( F a g . xv ff. b u r u n - 1369: Civ. in the ctllendar texts T T VIZ 4, etc. ;
d u r u k same meaning Son. 133r 20): Xwar. VZIZ P. b a r s is used both for the third of the
srv b u r u n d u k 'a camel's leading rein' Nahc. ten 'Stems'(pirrg. C;iles 9,295) and for the third
162, 13: KIP. Y I I I xifrirnrt'l-ramnl 'a camel's of the twelve '13ranchess (yin, C;ilrs 13,246);
leading rein' b u r u n d u k Hotr. 14. 16: X I V in USp. it occurs both in b a r s y11 and ns
b u r u n d u r u k (one MS., morc correctly ?, an element in P.N.8: 0. K1r. IX ff. (I killed
burundu:k) 01-hrtro 'a camel's nose ring'; seven ~7olvcsbut did not kill) b a r s ~ gAlal. I I ,
and in the Kitdb Bnjflik b u r u n d u k zimdmn'l- 10; Kuq n a r s P.N. do. 14, I ; 17, I : Xak. xr
-cnrrml Id. 29; b u r u n d a k (sic ?)01-zimdrn B~rl. b a r s 01-Jnhd 'hunting leopard, cheetah': b a r s
7, 7: sv .xizdnt '3 cai~lel'snose ring' b u r u n d u k 'one of the twelve years in Turkish'; n long
'1'1111. 14b. 4: O s n ~ .xrvff. b u r u n d u r u k account of the twelve-year cycle follows: b a r s
(twice in s v and svr burunduk) 'camel's nose 'any swelling (warant) on the body from the
ring, leading rein', etc.; c.i.8.p. T T S 1 127; bite of a bug or flea or the appearance of an
II 182; Ill 119; I V 1 3 5 eruption'; one says a n q eti: b a r s boldr:
taruarrama cildithri 'his skin was covered with
T r i s . 1'. BRN- swellings' k-a$. 1344-8 (the last meaning pre-
1) burunla:- IIap. leg.; Den. V. fr. b u r u n . sumably rnetaph. fr. the leopard's spots): SIV
Xak. sr 01 ant: burun1a:dr: 'he hit him on Muh. sanotu'l-nimr 'the leopard year' ba:rs
the nose' f i r . ZII 341 (burunla:r, b u r u n - yi:11: Me/. 80, 19; Ri/. 186 (al-~ritnralso means
1a:mn:k). 'tiger, panther'; al-fahhdd 'a man who hunts
Dls. BRR with hunting leopards' pa:rsct: (5;:) 58, 7;
esri:ci: 157): F a g . s v ff. b a r s an agile
1)blrer Distributive f. of bi:r 'one each'; also (cnhnnda) animal rather stnaller than a leopard
used in the phr. b l r e r b i r e r 'every single'. (polnng) which they tame nnd us: like hunting
Colnrnon in S\V Osm. hut very rare elsewhere. dogs for hunting wild animals , in PC. y ~ i z
CJyR. vlrr ff. Hud. 01 llnxwa s a y u b i r e r ('cheetah'), in Ar. fcrltd Snrr. I z I r. I 8 (quotn.):
nkulug yrlnn b a r 'there is a poisonous snake KIP. S I I I 01-,faIrd b a r s I?lorr. I I , 6 ; b a r s is also
in each of those lotuses' PI' 38, 3-4; 0.0. do. an elenlent in several names of a/-nramdlik
9, 8; 79, 4-6 (as-); T T VIlI C.16 (ugur)- 'Mainluks' do. 29: srv b a r s al-fahd fcf. 30;
a l t u n ogliig yinigizde b i r e r b i r e r tii s a y u 01-fahd b a r s Bul. 10, 5 : s v ditto Kav. 62, 6 ;
'every single hair on your golden skin' Sov. Ttrh. 27b. 13 ; A k B a r s P.N. do. 3gb. I.
348, 1-2: Civ. b i r e r is conlrnon in USp., e.g.
( I will faithfully repay the six srtrr) a y s a y u Dis. BRS
birer y a r i m b a k l r kiimiiy aslei birle 'with
interest at the rate of one and a half copper cash S ? F b o r s u k (?p-) See b o r s m u k .
a munth' (i.e. 30 per cent per annurn) 18, 4-5: VU b u r s l a m Hap. leg.; the text of Kaf. is
(Xak.) xrrr(?) Tef. bblrer b i r e r 'one by one' rather incoherent but it seems prob. that this
103 ( s . ~ bir):
. Gag. xv ff. b i r and b i r e r have is merely a jingle to arsla:n and not an in-
the same meaning, that is 'one' Son. 1 4 5 ~ I. I : dependent word. X a k , xr burs1a:n al-babr fi
Xwar. x ~ vb l r e r 'evcry single one' MIV 142, l~nqiqati'l-lugs strictly speaking 'tiger', hence
etc.: Klp. sv (in a note on the I>istributive) one says arsla:n bursla:n 'lion and tiger':
n'li Irn'rrld dir~drdn~(tr) 'give thein a dindr (each)' burs1a:n a masculine l'ropcr Name; rca
bu:la:raa: b i r e r a l t u n b f r Knu. 68, z; ynctiz on ljnkiin bursla:n tnbo'n(n) li'l-
.firddi 'by ones' (teker and) b i r e r Tfih. z7b. 9 ; -arsla:n li-&nnnhrtmdytdknriin mo'n(~r)run Iri
birer in the list of 1)istributives do. 61b. 13: ytdrod b u r s l a m 'burs1a:n may be used
Iiom. srv b i r e r d e 'someti~ues'CCZ; Gr. following ars1a:n hecause they are mentioned
together, hut may not he used by itself; and
Mon. B R S the best explanation (01-nialih) is that it is
F b a r s (p-) n very enrly Iranian 1.-w., but "tiser", li-nnnnltrr Ialpu k~Tnln~ a l ~ a ' n (lnrnri
~ t ) cdza
f r o ~ nwhich Iraninn InnCu:lgc it \v;ts taken is trrsniiynirr'l-rcird I~ilri,I~ccauscif it ~vns(only)
 a jingle then it could not he used as a Proper if one says b a r s a : d ~ :for 'he wished to go',
Name, because one does not say hddd'l-yay' is pertnissible (cfi'iz) but that the normal form
hnsan as one can say ?~nsanhasan (1.e. basnn is (for Verbs ending in - r - ) in bar1gsa:dl: Ko?.
a mere jingle and cannot he used otherwise)' 1281, I I ; n.m.e.
Kay. 1114 1 8 Dis. UR$
? F b o r s m u k (?p-) 'a badger'. In this form 1) b a n g N.Ac. fr. b a r - ; lit. 'gr~ing',hut in the
the word occurs only in Kap., where it appears early period noted only in the phr. b a n g kelig
in a chapter devoted to 1)issyllahles containing 'goin# and coming, social intercourse', and the
three consecutive consonants, but is mis- like. S.i.m.m.l.g., usually only in the phr.
vocalized. Its form is quite un-'l'urkish and it b a n g kelig. In SW Osm. the usual Dev. K.
is almost certainly a I.-w., perhaps fr. Tokh- fr. v a r - (bar-) is varlg but b a n g is used for
arian where the initial would necessarily have 'mutual agreement, reconciliation'. Uyg.
3'
been p-. S.i.a.m.l.y., see hcherbah, p. 139.
An unusually large numbe of modern forms
start w. p- including NE I<hak. p o r s t x :
V I I I ff. Bud. in kelig b a n g s a v Hiipn-ts. 293
(see note on p. 28) the first two words are an
over-literal translation of a Chinese phr. hui
N W I<k. porslk, ICumyk p o r s u k : SIY Az. hsiang (C;iler j,173 4,283) used to translate
p o r s u g ; Osm. porsuk. T h e aberrant Tknl. the Sanskrit word parinc7mand 'the concept of
form t o r s l k also has an unvoiced initial. These transference (of merit)', see Soothill and
are all consistent w. the theory that it is a I.-w. IIodous, A Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist
w. initial p-, and so suggest that the modern Terms, p: 2058; bar19 kelig a r a s l n d a 'he-
V. borsl-lporsl- 'to stnell foul' is a back- tween going and coming' do. 2089: Xak. xr
I formation fr. this word and not its oriyin. A al-dahtib mn'l-tnaci 'going and coming' is called
I.-w. in I'c. and other languages, see Doerfrr 11 kelig barig KO$.1370: K D o l a r k a k a t ~ l g ~ l
733. Xak. X I b o r s m u k (vocalized borsu- kelig h a m b a n g 'make contact with them
molrrk) d~rwaybba mi!lrc'l-ruark (sic), wa bihi (the merchants) as they come and go' 4421:
yttdmbv'l-nta!al fi'l-sitnnn 'a small animal like Gag. xv ff. b a n g gidip gitmek ma'ntisina 'going'
the ?, used as a tnetaphor for fatness' Kag. ZII Vel. 162; b a n g xirtinz eca raftdr 'walking,
417 (01-ruark means 'hip-bone' and seems to be going' (quotn.); also bar17 kelig raft u dmad
corrupt, perhaps read al-wabr 'marmot', al- 'going and coming' (quotn.) Son. 121 v. 5.
-ward 'large venemous lizard', or al-ruadak
which properly means 'fat' but may also have
D bPrig N.Ac. fr. b8:r-; lit. 'giving', but
been used as the name of some fat animal): normally used in the phr. all9 beri$ 'buying
Gag. xv ff. p o r s u k (so spelt) 'an animal called and selling, commerce'. This phr. s.i.m.m.l.g.
and b6riq by itself 'debt, payment of tax', etc.
in Pe. rlidak ('an animal found in Tartary of
in SE Tar. H I V 1600; Turki B$ 67. Uyg.
whose skin fur garments are made' Stringass),
in Isfah5ni (VU) xlSxra and in Ar. (VU) wqaq vrrl ff. Civ. U S p I I I , 3 ( a l q ) : Xak. xr Kap.
and ihn 'irs (nornlally 'weasel'); it is about the I 62; K B 4421 (allg).
size of a small dog and has black and white D biirig Dev. N. (Conc. N.) fr. biir- ; n.0.a.b.
stripes on its face and parts of its skin; they Xak. XI burl* 'a wrinkle' (a/-inzircd) in the
make fur garments of its skin; whenever they skin or a garment Koj. 1367.
kill it, it is fat, and so long as it has not eaten
carrion its flesh is wholesome food; two Dis. V. DR$-
tni!gal's of its flesh, salted, nre a protection D barrg- Co-op. f. of b a r - ; 'to go together'
against unwholesome airs, and garments made and the I~ke. S.i.s.tn.1. in this meaning. In
of its fur beneficial in cases of gout, painful S W Osm. bpth varlg- 'to visit one another'
joints, and palsy' San. 132v. 22 (clearly and b a n g - to he reconciled, to make peace'
'badger'; xrixra and zonpaq are unidentified): survive, cf. barrg. Xak. XI ola:r bi:r bi:rke:
O g u z X I (after Xak.) the Oguz omit the - m - b a r ~ g d ~'they
: went (dahaba) to (visit) one
and call it b o r s u k ; but they insert -m- in another'; also used for helping and competing
b a $ m a k 'shoe' (01-ntidas), which the Turks Kaj. 11 94 ( b a r ~ g u : r , bar1gma:k); a.0. IZ
call b a g a k Kap. I11 417: KIP. x ~ bv o r s u k 'an 110 (keliv-): KR b a r q g u k e r e k k a b
animal like 01-dablc' (the hyaena) with a foul kadaglar bile 'one must associate with one's
(
stnell' Id. 29; ni-nitns 'weasel, ferret, mongoose' family and kinsmen' 3209; a.o. 4569 (kelig-):
(kiizenl) b o r s u k Blc!. 10, 9. XIII(?) Tef.barug- (sic) 'to go together' 91:
F C b u r s a g the Chinese phr. fo stng (Giles xxv Mrch. rutijaqa 'to agree' barla- (v.1. in error
3 . 5 8 ~9,617) BuddhasarigI~a'a Buddhist reli- yarry-) Mel. 32, I (rutifaqa wa yahtha se:klep-
gious community'; generally used in Hend. w. (Hap. leg.) Rif. 116): Gag. xv ff. b a n $ -
kuvra:g, q.v. Pec. to Uyg. Bud. Uyg. v111 ff. Recip. f. bd ynk d i p r ful!~kordan wa sulrik nik
Ilud. b u r s a 9 and b u r s a 9 k u v r a g are com- kardatr 'to make peace and improve relations
mon TT I V 6, 45, e t ~ (erksln-);
. Suv. 134, with one another' Son. rzov. 22 (quotn.):
4 ff.; T T V I I I H.2, 5 , 9 ; b u r s o g d r n d a r l a r
X w a r , X I V b a n $ - 'to come to an agreement,
'the religious community and believers' U ZI live in harmony' Qtrtb 27: Kip. X I I I is!alaha
'to make peace' ba:r~g- Hou. 34, I I : x\' ('to
77, IS. reconcile' (two people) in the sense of removing
Dis. V. BRS- the unfriendliness hetween them is b a r ~ g t ~ r - ) ,
U barsa:- IIep. leg.; Desid. f. of bar-. Xnk. and for ip[olaita tna' payril~iyou say b a n g -
xr in a description of the Ilesid. f. it is said that \vithout the Caus. Sutf. Kav. 76, 16.
1) b4rlg- Rccip. f. of bh:r-; 'to give to one yrryakl: iigrekl: bodun 'the people to the
another' and the Itke. S.i.m.m.1.p. IJyg. south, west, north, und east' 7' 17.
V I I I ff. Bud. T T VI 311 (ieger-): Xak.
xr ola:r bi:r bi:rke: k ~ : z beriqdl: 'they Mon. nS
yave ((fqfa'a) one another their daughters (in
marriage)'; also u ~ e d when they give one b a s (p-) 'rust'. 'l'his scc~nsp r i ~ ~ rfacie
n to be
another (ta'G[ti) something K c ~ f . 11 94 (beri- at1 ORuz word which survives only in N W
qii:r, berigme:k): K o m . srv 'to help in giv- Krltn R I V I I 8 5 ; S W Az. Osni. p a s ; 'I'km.
ing' berig- C C G ; Gr. 65 (quotn.): KIP. xlv pos, hut it seems possible that the Xak. word
bCrigmek 01-mrr'dfd 'to cxchange gifts' fd. zy. entered beloiv, which has a siniil~rrneaninp, is
an earlier occurrence although it is quite cleal.Ij.
1) biiriiq- Co-op. f. of b u r - ; s.i.m.m.1.g. vocalized with a kosra; there is no other trace
sometimes with front and sometimes with of a word b ~ or s bis. Cf. 2 tat. 6 kii:g. Xak.
hack vowels; the modern V.s are often Intrans. X I (VU) b t s lttfrjla kttll nnhy am ziqq rua htcwa
and mean 'to be wrinkled' and the like, with yay' ~ri_tltt'I-qir'the sediment in any bag for
a Caus. f. givinq the 'I'rans. meaning. T h e making butter or wineskin'; it is a substance
Towel shift must go back some way, since in like pitch Kap. I 328: xrv Mtih(?) xaba!u'i-
the MS. of Kay. there are two separate paras., -hadid 'iron slag' b a s (unvocalized) Rif. 160
the first giving the Trans. meaning with (only): KID. x ~ vp a s ('with p-') 01-$ado'
Infin. in -me:k and the second giving the rust' Id. 32: xv fado' ({at and) b a s Ttth. 22a.
Intnns. meaning with Infin. in -ma:k but the I I : O s m . (sv p a s l u 'n~ouldy' T T S 111575):
second must be a scribal error. Xak. XI 01 svrrr p a s ('with p-') in Riimi, zang 'rust', in
mnna: b u r m e : biiriisdi: 'he heloed me to Ar. mdn' Snn. I zzv. I .
wrai round the waist-band'(fikafl'i-nn3frtqa);
also used of anything which has a round open- hu:s (p-) '~nist,fog', and the like. Survives,
ing and something surrounding it (Iahu tadtvir irsually tneaning 'steak' in NE $or p u s R I V
rca istiddra) like the top of a leather bag and the 1384; Tuv. b u s ; SE 'l'urki b u s ; NW Kumyk
like (bilrliqii:r, biiriigme:k); and one says pus; SW Osm. pus. Cf. 2 bo: (not connected
biiriigdi: ne:g inqnhnda'l-yay' run hirma nahw etyn~ologically), tuma:n. Xak. X I kli:k bu:s
kirIChi'l-rcoch 'the thing \\,as drawn together, boldt: dacannti'l-sami mina'l-dlthril, ton tm!r-
wrinkled', as the face in frowning (biiriigil:r, rcilti 'the sky became overcast with mist and
burugme:k, MS. -ma:k) Kay. I1 94: Gag. the like'; and one says e r k6:zl: bu:s boldt:
xv ff. buru$- (sic) pirido gudan 'to he twisted, 'the man's sight became clouded (azlama) by
wound up'; also used in the sense of 'to be wind in his stomach' Kaf. III 124: Ktp. xv
shrivelled' (dar hnm kajida yrtdan of the skin or nafas 'breath', etc. (ttn and) b u s Ttrh. 36a. 8 ;
hair owing to the heat of a fire, or 'to be habiib 'fine dust' b u s do. 37b. 1 2 : Osm. xiv
Tvrinkled' (fikanc yc?flnit) of the face in old age p u s 'mist, fop', ctc. in several texts T T S Z 581 :
San. 131 v. 15: K o m . srv 'wrinkled' (VU) I1 773: X V I I I p u s ('with p-') in Riimi, 'a mist
b u r u ~ m qC C I ; Gr.: KIP. uv takamayo (n~is- (hrrr(iri) \vliich rises from the mountains'; also
spelt mkormaja) 'to be wrinkled' (in margin Imrcri-i mrtlrtabor 'close weather', and metaph.
'and also inqnhada') (VU) buruq- Ttrh. Ioa. 'a morose tnan'(rjdam-imtinqrtbid) Srm. I 34v. 6.
10: 'ohasa 'to frown' (VU b u r t u r - ) ; T k m .
(burtnr- and) ( V U ) burug- do. 263. I . Mon. V. BS-
1x1s- 'to press, crrish, oppress, mnke :t surprise
T r i s . BR$ attack (on someone Acc.)', and the like.
D b a r t g l ~ gHap. leg.; P.N./A. fr. b a r ~ g Xak.
. S.i.a.ni.1.g. in a wide range of basic and ex-
sr Kay. I 370 (keliglig). tended meaniops, e.g. 'to print'. See basa:.
Tiirkii V I I I klrkiz bodunlg udn: b e s d t m t z
Dis. BRY 'we made a surprise attack on the K ~ r g people~z
while they were asleep' I E 35; about a dozen
VUL) bCrye: Den. Adv./Adj. in -ye: fr. *ber similar occurrences: Uyk. vrrr yelmesin
(?bbr); this Suff., which occurs only in this m e n i g e r anta: basmtg 'my men made a
word, kurtya: and (VU) yrrya:, seems to be surprise attack on his reconnoitring patrol
a See. f. of -ra:/-re: attached to words ending there' $I[. E 12: V I I I ff. Man. (the pure blessed
in - r ; lit. 'on this side', hut in practice used ones) [ ? a y l g ] l a r ~ nbastllar 'have suppressed
only as a cardinal point 'in the south'. Pec. to their evil (desires)' T T III 121 ; 0.0. A9 I I , 11,
'r~irku. The first vowel is -6- once in I and 12, T T I1 17, 72-5 (IY-): Bud. (fold three
three tinlcs in II and -e- twice in I , in T 7 , 14, fingers in the palm of the hand and) u l u k
...
and in Ongin 2. T i i r k u V I I I berye: ytrya:
I S t , I I N I ; I E r q , I I E I z ; 0nginz;bhrye:
e r g e k ilze b e s 'press the thumb on them'
T T V 12, 1 2 0 ; om. T T V I 254-5, etc. (ty-):
.. ..
I S 6; I1 N S ; IT E 36, 40; berye: . . Bore: Civ. t n m ~ a l n n m t z n tb a s ~ p'intpressing our
ytryq: 11'7; ogre:. . . berye:. . k u r ~ y e : seals' USp. 21, 1-1 I ; a.0. TT I 97-8 ( t ~ g ) :
.. ytrya: T I . + . Xak. X I ant: biirt basdt: ca!anrn 'alayhi'l-
-cii!tint 'he had a nightmare1; and one says b e g
TrIs. BRY &I b a s d ~ :'the b ~ gnppressed (qahara) the
IJUD betyekl: Hap. leg.; N.:A.S. fr. berye:; province and treated it as if he were crushing
'e the difference in nleoninp fr. berikki:. it' (cn!ama 'nlr~yhi): and one says begni:
rkii V I I I beryeki: bodun k u r ~ y a k l (VU)
: yagt: hasdt: 'the eiiemy (etc.) made a night
 attack C)II the bcx' (hayyora'i-unrir); and onc ifiaxada'l-hatttin tca knddlikn id6 daroba
says e r k ~ : z r gbasdr: 'the man copulated with dirriha(n) 'he laid an ambush, and also when he
(fasnnimnta) the servant girl'; and one says rt gave a beating' (actually 'he gave his slave a
keylkni: basdt: 'the dog caught the wild severe beating') 1385. 10.
animnl and brought it down' (axada . . . f a -
-$ara'ahu) Kay. 11r o'(basa:r, basma:k); five
r).o.: K B bodun b a s g u k a 'in order to keep
Dis. BSA
the people in order' 217; (it takes a lion) b u D basa: Ger. in -a: fr. bas-. In addition to its
kulan b a s g u k a 'to bring down this wild ass' use as an ordinary verbal form, this word began
284; ozln b a s g a n e r 'a man who controls at a very early period to he used as an Adv. or
himself' 965; 0.0. 1053, etc.: xrrr(?) Te/. Conjunction, see v. G., A T G , para. 410. An
rua[i'a 'to tread underfoot' b a s - 91: xrv Muh. early I.-w. in Mong. as basa 'also, then, there-
gamaza zua ddsa 'to press, trample on' ba:s- after' (rfaettisch 13). Survives only(?) in NE
Met. 29, 9 ; b a s - Rif. I 13 1-daws b a s m a k several dialects R I V I 193; Khak. paza; Tuv.
34, 1 2 ; 119: Gag. xv ff. b g - bay- Vel. 128; baza used ( I ) as a Conjunction between two
bas- is one of the words used in phr. (aLfdz-i words 'and'; (2) as an Adv. at or near the
mttataraka) with a special meaning in each case; beginning of a sentencc 'also, in addition, once
e.g. kiigiil bas- dil-drdm giriftnn 'to take away more' (perhaps a reborrowing fr. Mong.) and
(a man's) peace of mind'; d u ~ m a nb a s - 'to NW Kaz. b a s a R I V 1527 where it is used
conquer (@lib yrtdan) an enemy'; m a y b a s - at the end of a sentence after the Suff. -la/
and u y k u b a s - 'to be overcome (m@ltib -na, and means something like 'indeed, in
1 firdan) by wine or sleep'; a y a g b a s - 'to put fact, really'. T u r k i i vrrr uq O g u z susi: basa:
(gu&iifan) one's foot on something'; m u h r kelti: 'three ORuz armies came to attack us' II
bas- 'to impress a seal'; toz bas- 'to lay(furti E 32; tegri: U m a y l d u k y 6 r s u v basa:
giriflan) the dust'; and kaygu: bas- 'to over- b6rti: 'the goddess Umay and the sacred land
come grief' San. 121 v. 18 (quotns.): Xwar. and water crushed them for our benefit' T 38:
xrrr(?) Og. 24-5 (1 emgek): xrv bas- 'to tread Uyg. V I I I ff. Bud. Sanskrit ananioram 'imme-
on' MN 226: K o m . xrv bas- 'to crush', etc. diately thereafter' basa:(p-) TT VIII A.46-7;
CCG; Gr. 51 (quotns.): KIP. xrrr kabasa 'to (bend the two index fingers, press the two
make a surprise attack' bas- Hort. 30, 5; 23, 5 ; thumbs together and) a n d a b a s a 'after that'
ddsa mina'l-darus bag- do. 40, 5: xrv bag- (meditate on this dhiirani) U I1 47, 73; 0.0.
sara'a, and in the Kit6b Beyiik bag- ddsa fd. o f a n d a b a s a d o . 81, 69; T T X z t 7 ; USp.44,
32: xv bag- bataha 'to flatten', aw dZsa aw 1-2; 103, 13; yana m u n d a b a s a 'and after
habasa Kav. 10, 9 ; 0.0. do. 75, 4 ; 77, 16; drisa this' links two quotns. fr. Bud. scriptures TT
bag- Ttth. 15b. 13; darasa 'to annihilate' (etc.) V 26, 85-6-basa b a s a 'more and more, in-
( y a w - and) bav- do. 16s. 9: O s m . xrvff. creasingly', e.g. b a s a b a s a seviglig kozin
bas-. in a bide- range of 'eanings, c.i.a.p. 'with increasingly loving eyes' U I V 46, 49;.
T T S 1 7 5 ; I1 107; 11167; I V 7 5 . 0.0. T T V 24, 70 (odgur-); Suo. 17, 23-lya
b a s a (see ly-) has much the same meaning,
b u s - (p-) 'to hide, lie in wait, lay an ambush(for e.g. k a m a g k u t l a r w a x ~ e g l e rt u r k a r u xya
sonleone Daf.)'. Survives in NW Kaz. p o s - ; b a s a koyii kozedii t u t a r l a r 'all the bene-
S W Az., Osm. p u s - ; Tkm. bus-. See b u s u g volent spirits (Hend.) will always and more and
Xak. xr beg ya@:ka: busdr: daxnla'l-omir f i .more keep and protect thcm' T T V I 48-9-
kamini'l-'adrtcow 'the beg laid an ambush for in the form basasrnda it has so far lost its
the enemy' Kai. II 10 (busa:r, busma:k); original character as to be declined as a N.,
(we attacked by surprise at night and) tegme: e.g. 6lig beg b a s a s l n d a yorlyu 'walking after
y a g a k b u s d ~ m r z'laid ambushes on every (pursuing) the king' U I V 14, 141-2; (in-
side' 1434, 7 (and see biis-): xrrr(?) At. a m a l numerable deities) tegri b u r x a n basasrnda
n s r a s l n d a b u s u g l l a c a l 'destiny lies in am- b a r d ~ l a r'followed the Buddha' T T X 142-3;
bush beneath hope' 294: xrv Mtrh.(?) axfd a.0. do. 562-3: Civ. a n d a b a s a T T V I I I
ma xaba'a 'to lie hid, conceal oneself' bu:s- L.34: Xak. XI basa: a Particle (!lorf) meaning
(mis-spelt brt:c-) Rif. 102 (only): Gag. xv ff. ba'd 'after'; hence one says m e n anda: basa:
bus- kamin kardan wa dar griia-i pinhdn k e l d i m 'I came after him' KO$. I11 224: KB
judatt 'to lay an ambush, to be in a secret hiding b u iki b a s a t u t s a 'if he keeps these two (the
place' Sun. 134r 19 (quotns.): KIP. srv b u s - tongue and the throat) under control' 993-
kainana Id. 31: xv Iabida 'to crouch' bus- b a s a as a Conjunction 'then, next' is common,
Ttrh. 32a. 12: O s m . xrv ff. pus- 'to lie in e.g. in the list of the Four Companions b a s a
ambush' in several texts T T S 1582; I1773. FBriiq 53; b a s a 'Ugm3n 55-anr~da b a s a
? 'after him' 132-(in a list of four things) b a s a s l
VU bas- perhaps survrve.; in SE Turki bilig 'the last of them is wisdom' 308-
bos- 'to drag (something) along thc ground', b a s a 'afterwards' 6140 (2 k m ) : xrrr(?) Tef.
Jarring 59, but the semantic connection is a n l a r d a b a s a 92: K o m . xrv b a s a occurs
dubious. i n the section quoted bclow, the several times as a Conjunction meaning 'but'
translation of which is imperfect, there is a or 'therefore, also' rather than 'and', which is
confusion between b u s - and this word. Xak. d a g ~CCI, C C G ; GI.52: KIP. xrv bags: is
xr e r kulrn bnsdi: 'the nian beat his slave used in asking for more news ('inda'l-isiizd-
severely' (daraha . . . nmhiiIi#a(tr)) Kai. I Z 10 dati'l-?~adil)!ike ilti in Ar. ; and the <Kiiildb>
(bose:r, b6sme:k); ol k u l ~ nblistig bosdi: Beylik says and among their Conjunction3
 DIS. BSA
(haltmihim f5gilo) is the word basa:, which cotton destined for spin ti in^': ArGu: X I blstek
sometimes means "then" (!trnr?iro) and some- 01-jatiln 'a wick' Kny. 1476.
times "if not" (illli) and sometimes "likewise"
(ayJa(n)' Id. 32. INS. v. I3SI)-
L) basu: Hap. leg.; as this is a dialect word, it 13 b a s ~ t -t l ~ coldest Caus. f. of bas- with the
IS proh. a Scc. f. of some other I>ev. N. fr. less conlnion quasi-I'ass. me:tning; 'to allow
bas- (cf. bnsig) rather than a Dev. N. with oricsclf to bc attacked, etc.' N.o.n.l). Cf. b a s -
the unusunl Suff. -u:. Xak. xr basu: nl- t u r - , b a s s t k - , b a s u r - . l'lirkii v ~ ~ ~ ( swhere
tay
-mirzabba f i luga 'a sledge-hammer' in one you are; organize reconnoitring patrols and
dialect Kaj. 111 224. lookout posts properly) b a s r t m a : 'do not let
yourself he taken by surprise' T 38: Uyg.
S b u s u (p-) See busug. vlrr ff. Bud. (innumerable human beings) 19
n g r l g k a baslttp 'letting thcrnsclves fall
Dis. V. BSA- victim to disease (Hend.)' (lie without hope
?L) *buss:- See busan- etc. or confidence) Si~v.587, r : Civ. klgi kiici
k o r a s a r y a t kigike b a s ~ t u r 'if a man's
strength diminishes, he lets himself be
Dis. BSB oppressed hy strangers' TT I 56-7: Xak. X I
V U basbal Hap. leg.; an unusual form, KU k i ~ i gs a t g a m a s a kiivezlik bile basit-
possibly foreign. Cf. bistek. Xak. xr b a s b a l m a s a iizde kiqigke kiile 'he must not
cahba inina'l-&,-I 'a single-spun thread' Kay. tl-ample o n people in his pride, or let himself
1481. be opprensc~lby unimportant people with a I
smile' 707; (attack the cncrny, du not let him
Dis. BSD take your property) uzatsa b a s r t t ~ g'if you
D b a s u t presumably Dev. N. fr. bas-. procrastinate, you will harc let yuurself be
although the scmantic connection is not close;
'support, help'. N.0.a.b. Uyg. vrrr ff. Man.
yetili iki yegirmili e r k l i g kiiqliiglerden 1) b a s t t k - Pass. f. of bas- with the rare Suff.
kiiq b a s u t kelzun 'may strength and support -ttk- (cf. bulduk-) which shtruld perhaps he
come from the seven and the twelve indepen- explained as the Emphatic f. in -k- of b a s ~ t - .
dent mighty ones' M I11 35, 20-1: Bud. 0 t h N.0.a.b. U Y R V I I I ff. Bud. (faith, because
s u v l ~b i r ikintike kiiq b a s u t bolup 'when it has strength) t o r t torliig g ~ m n u l a r k a
fire and water strengthen and support one qalstkrnaz b a s t ~ k m a z'is not struck down
another' 1'T V I 326; a r t b a s u t bol- 'to back or overcome by the four kinds of evil spirits
and support (someone Dat.)' Sltv. 127, 21; (Ahrirnnns)' TT V 22, 28-9; ig a g r ~ g k a
4oy, I I : Xak. xr b a s u t a l - ~ a h i rtca'l-nru't- basttkrnak 'to fall victin) to disease' VII 40,
wi111l'l-ttlt~jfiq 'a backer and sympathetic 134
helper'; b a s u t 01-i'dnn 'help'; hence one says D b a s t u r - thc normal Caus. f. uf bas-; wit11
01 m a g s : b a s u t bkrdi: a'dnani 'he helped a similar rvide range of meaninp. S.i.a.in.l.g.
me'; the two meanings are closely related Xak. X L b e g okr1:nt: bas turd^: 'the beg gave
(qaiibtt~)&-a$. I 354; xa:ndin b a s u t tilerler orders that the extremities of the thief should
'they ask the .\.on for help' 14.59, 7: KB (he be seizrd and that he sliorlld he hcld down'
sought for outstariding people ) iizige b a s u t (hi-qohJ a!r<iji'l-/is! ton bn!Iiil~i); also uscd of
ktlsa 'to give him support' 419; b u igke pressing down (jaq~rln)anything to prevent it
bnstrt b u r p a n d ~ nkelir 'all the support for fro111 rising or turning over (01-t1111rrid ron'l-
this task came from him' 2502. inqild) Kaj. II 171 ( b a s t u r u r , basturma:k):
V U ? F b ~ s t a :Hap. leg.; neither thef orm nor Gag. xv ff. b a s t u r - Caus. f.; 6rCm dddar~rca
meaning of the word suggest that this is gtlib sd.utan mu magliib sdstnn run pli gudaagtan
a native Turkish word; the urban context wa fur17 gir~indantuo iirl~kr zudan; this in-
indicates rather that it is a I.-w., prob. Iranian. coherent list attempts (rather ineffectively) to
NW Kaz. biste 'a small settlement, a quarter turn the various meanings of b a s - into Caus.
of a town' R I F 1784 can hardly be the same f.s Sati. 122r. 23.
\vord. Xak. XI (in a note on a verse quoted
under yarlg- in which this word appears) I'ris. USD
b ~ s t a the
: word for 'a person whose business D b a s u t ~ i : N.Ag. fr. b a s u t ; 'supporter,
it is to accommodate merchants' (mudif li'l- helper'. N.o.8.b. Uyg. vlrr ff. Dud. b a s u t q i s ~
-ttcir); the merchant puts up in his house, and k i m e r u r '\\rho is its supporter?' U I1 8, 21 ;
he buys the merchant's wares, collects his sheep o.o. do. 9, 5 (esin); y, 11; U 111 14, 15 (ii)
me lies his other needs. Then, when his (edgu:liik); 11'7' T7 22, 20 ( a r t u k r a k ) : Xak.
..he takes one in twenty of his sheep. xr KB b u e r d i basutqt kiini tlinka kok 'he
.'stom in Tuxvi:, Yakma:, and (Ftirilq) was the supporter and root ofthe true
1 it myself Kap. III 71; faith' 5 4 ; b a s u t p k e r e k e r k e y a r ~ q ~ l a'a r
man needs supporters and helpers' 427; 0.0.
428-3 1.
syllable unrocalized) Hop.
Cf. basbal and billk. VU?I' buslull: entered twice in ICnj., in the
uantity (qi!'a) of carded first case the only entry untlrr the heading
 DIS. B S N
.fu'lrt/i, in the second one of five words under the sin K a f . 11 I 16 ( b a s ~ k a : r ,bas1krna:k);
a similar heading of which thc second vowel e r yaRr:ka: hassrktr: (written with two rim)
is not marked but was perhaps -a- or -i-. hayyata'l- 'aduww 'alg'l- racnl ma a m d a 'dayhi
N.0.a.h.; proh. a foreign word; there is no I1 228 ( h a s a ~ k a : r ,basstkma:k ditto); a.0.
common word for this vegetable in the modern I1 165, 7: KH (oh slave of passion) oliimke
lan~unges. Xak. X I bustull: 01-sormaqu'lladi b a s t k m a kelir algal1 'do not be caught by
yrr'kal 'cdihlc nrach or mountain spinach surprise hy death; it is coming to take you'
(Atrip1r.r hortrrrsir)' K q . I451 ; 493. 5145; 0.0. 679, 5106.
Dis. B S G U b u s u k - (bussuk- ; p-) Ifap. leg. ; Emphatic
Pass. f. of bus-. Xak. xr e r b u s u k t ~ :m'ha'l-
I1 bas@ Dev. N. fr. b a s - ; thc Uj.2. word is -,acl,l F ~ ~ - man~ lvas~ caught
~ ~in an, ~
transcribed bastk in USp.,hut -1kisnot an UyR. K ~ ~r6(busuka:r,
. busukma:k),
Suff. I'rob. n.0.a.b. SW Opm. b a s ~ k'com-
pressed, low' is a survival o@he cognate form
*basuk, Pass. Dev. N./A.; NE Kumd., Tel. Tris. B S ~
pazlk 'gait', R I V I 194, might corne fr. either. D b a s a : k ~ :N.1A.S. fr. basa:; 'next, follow-
1Jyg. vrtr ff. Civ. b a s l g some kind of tax, ing'. N.0.a.h. Xak. xr K n 'Ali e r d i m u n d a
the exact nature of which is uncertain (see b a s a k l "Ali was the next after him' 57: KIP.
Cafernklu in T M I V , p. 36); it occurs in xrv b a s n g ~ : kiin ha'd pad 'the day after
association w. s e l t g in USp. 14, 14, w. various tomorrnw' Id. 23; ditto Bid. I 3 , 6 (vocalized
taxes in do. 88, 44 (tiitiin), and by itself it1 do. bndi:).
112, 5: Xak. X I has@ majmllt1'1-tabyit [yrrqd
inserted in error] ~ua'l-axd'aldtirra 'the place D busugqt: (p-) N.Ag. fr. b u s u g ; n.0.a.b.
of a night attack and takins by surprise'; one Xak. XI KB (whcn your black hair and beard
says 01 nnl: bastR~:nda:( s i c ) tuttr: 'he caught have turned white) a n u n g u busugql oliimke
him at an opportune moment by a night attack' t u k e l 'you must prepare yourself completely
(jiarudrrilri baydta(n)) I G j . I 372. for death the arnliusher' I 10%
I> bust12 (p-) IJcv. N. fr. b u s - ; 'amhush'. I>is. J3SG
Survives only(?) In SW Osm. p u s u ; cognate
f.s w. the sanlt: meaning are NW Kumyk VUII bosiig Flap. leg.; Dev. hr.fr. bos-; 'a
p u s g u n ; SW Az. p u s g u . A I.-w. in Pe. and severe heating'. Xak. xr Kaa. I385 (bas-).
other languaqes, see Iloerfer I1 742. Xak. xr VUII bosge:q Hap. leg.; Conc. N. fr. bos-,
b u s u k crl-hamin 'ambush' KO?. I 372; a.o. I prcsumably w t h the connotation of something
407, 27: K B (the ape of sixty now calls tne beaten flat. Cf. boqge:l. Xak. xr b6sge:q
saylng 'come here') b u s u g b o l m a s a b a r d ~ m al-rajif 'a flat loaf' K a j . I 452.
cmtli n a r u 'if it docs not turn out to be an
amhush, 1 am ~ o i n gthere' 366; 0.0. 1381, T r i s . BSM
2370; 4826 ( o g ~ i i z ) : xrv Muh. a/-kamin
b u s u g (MSS. in rrror yajiii) Mel. 47, 10; Rif. D bnslmql: Hap. lep.; N.Ag. fr. b a s ~ m ,
145: Gag. xv ff. b u s u hamin San. 1 3 4 ~ .10 N.S.A. fr. bas-, whlch has not yet been noted
(quotn.): Klp. X I I I a/-kamin busu: IToti. 14,9 : in the early period hut s i.s.m.1. R I V 1531;
X I V husu: ditto fd. 3 1 ; busu: do. 33: O s m . prcsumably 'opprcssor' or the like. Xak. xr
s v l pus1 koy- 'to lay an atnhush' T T S I V KB (some are thieves, cheats, cut-purses, and
643. swindlers) kayuss b a s r m q ~ oliitcl k r r u k
'somc arc oppressors, murderers, and cripples
1) b a s a u k Cnnc. N. fr. has- conrioting ~ o n i c - (9' 1737.
thing mawive and oppressive. N.0.a.b. Uyg.
vrrr ff. Bud. (the four quarters of the world Dis. B S N
burst into tlamcs) uluQ bediik t a g l a r n l g V U b a s a n Hap. leg.; this nard must be a
b a s g u k l a r ~ybmrildi 'the massive crests(?) basic one, if vocalized correctly, and is not
of the great (1Iend.) mountains were smashed' connected with the later forms of basga:n
I1 I V 40, 164-8; in TT X 366 (damagcd) collected under bazga:n. T h e difference be-
b a s k u k seems to mean 'the club, or mace' (of tween b a s a n and yo:g is that the first means
a demon). 'food prepared for the deceased' and prob.
11 basga:n See bazga:n. buried with him, while the second means a
funeral meal or wake provided for the mour-
Dis. V. BSG- ners. Xak. xr b a s a n !a'dm jwttamd li'l-
-mayyit ba'd md dafantihu 'food prepared for
I> b a s ~ k - / b a s s l k -Kaj. is no doubt right in the deceased after they have buried him'; and
saying that the longer form is the original; one says yo:g b a s a n K ~ J1 3. 9 8 .
Emphatic Pass. f. of b a s - ; 'to be attacked
by night, crushed, etc.'. N.0.a.b.; cf. b a s ~ t - . D baslnq N.Ac. fr. b a s m - ; 'oppression' and
Xak. xr kiqi: yagt:ka: basrktl: translated the like. N.0.a.b. Tiirkii vlr ff. hlan. T T II
hayyata'l-'aduncw 'a1d:d'l-qarum 'the enemy 6, 6 and 15 (lylnq): Uyg. V I I I ff. Man. M 111
attacked the people by night' (properly 'thr 37, 14 (ii) (~ylnq):Xak. xr KB (he lifted from
people were attacked by the enclny by people) k a m u g kiiq baslnq 'all high-handed-
nigh*'); originally bassrktl: with a tnfdid on ness and oppression' 1771.
 DIS.
T> b u s a n 7 N.1A.S. fr. b u s a n - ; 'nrief'. IJyC. vllr If. &Ian. T T II 16, 42-4 ( e n ~ j i e t - ) :
N.o.a.h. T i i r k i i ~ I I ff.
I (a man was sorrowful I h d . S r ~ a .136, 1 1 (E b u r g ~ n d u r - ) .
and the sky cloudy; the sun rose among thc
clouds and) busa:nq a r a : m e g i : kelmi:g 'in DIs. BSR
thc midst of grief joy came' I r k B 52.
b n s a r 11ap. Icc. and so perhaps a I.-\\!.;
Dis. V. BSN- 'garlic' is normally s a r m u s a k . Cf. b a s a r l ~ g .
X a k . sr b n s a r !riinir'l-cnhal 'mountain garlic'
I) b a s t n - Rcfl, f. of b a s - ; \\,it11 a wide range Kng. 1 3 6 0 .
of meanings cnniparahle to those of b a s - ,
s o n ~ eunusunl for a Refl. f. S.i.s.m.l.g., but ? I> b a s r u k I'ass. N.JA.S. fr. b a s l r r - ; 11t.
~ ~ inn SIC.t S C , S\l,.. 'l'iirkii v r ~ (\vIiy
i shotild 'presse<l <lo\vn', hut mnre c.oi11111c111ly 'some-
\ve be afraid because (thc enemy) nre many ?) thing put over (something else)'. Survives
a z t e y i n n e b a s ~ n a l l m'why should we be only(?) in S\V 'I'km. b a s r ~ k'a horse cloth'
downcast because (we) are few?' T 39: vrlr ff. R I V 1535: X a k . xr b n s r u k p q A 1 1~1111 jny'
(a camel fell into a bog) b a s r n o : y6ml:g 'a burden on anything' (with n prov. saying
ozi:n tilku: yemi:$ 'while he mas sinking h e that the earth's burden is the n x ~ u n t a i n sand
eat, but a fox eat him' IrkR 46: Man. (all the the people's burden the begs) KO?. I 466:
T u r k people will sin against God) k a n y u d a qag. xv ff. b a s r u g s n r p i h esbdhi 'tent gear'
d t n d a r l a r ~ g[gap] b a s l n g a y o l i i r g e y l e r 'and VpI. 128; b a s r u k (spclt) 'a cover (prifiji)
wherever [they find?] Elect they will oppress which they put over a tent, hut, or horse to
and kill them': U y e . vrrl ff. Bud. T T VI l o protect it against the wind and rain' Snn.
( ~ y ~ n -X) a: k . xr 01 e r i g b a s l n d l : istad'afa'l- 122v. 4.
-racui toa qaharohrr 'he dcspisetl the man and
oppressed him' KUJ.II 142 ( b a s ~ n u r b, a s l n - Dis. V. BSR-
m a : k : KB (if the king calls for vou, mend your
ways, d o him service and) b a s ~ n m aa n 1 'do D h a s u r - n~orphologicallya Caus. f. nl bas-,
not treat h i n ~with disrespect' 1504; (the fame but sern:~ntic~lly syn. w. i t ; 'to prcss d r ~ ~ v l i ,
of an enrmy whom you have not met face to \vri:h down (physically)'. Sr~l.vivrs in N11
face spreads far and wide) k a r i i g s e b a s ~ n u r p a z ~ r - ,stline meailing Alt., Vnr, 'l'cl. R 11'
k n r u g l i k a r a k '\%-henyou see one another, the 1 1 9 6 and IZhak.; SW 'l'knl. b a s l r - 'to coler'
s c c i n ~eye despises him' 2368; 0.0. 646, 4085: (etc). U y g . vrrr ff. Man.-A b a s u r u p A2 I11 8,
X\var. x ~ vb a s l n - 'to treat with disrespect' 17 (damaged): Civ. k a r t k a b a s u r g u 01 'one
Qrrfh 28. must prcss (a substance just described) on tlic
ulcer' I1 I 180: X a k . X I t e g r i : tn:g b i r l e :
I> b u s a n - Refl. of *buss:-; 'to crieve, hc >-&:rigb n s u r d l : 'God prcssrrl down (ron!!ndn)
sorro\vful', and the likc. hlorpliologically the earth with the mountains'; also used of
*busa-: rnicht he a Den. V. fr. b u : ~ ,but the anything which is put under something heavy
semantic connection is not close. T h i s word (fnqil) Kny. 11 77 ( b a s u r u r , b a s u r m x k ) :
and the other Dcr. f.'s of *buss:- are pec. to Ktp. xrv b a s n r - 'to heap coverings (kn!!nrn'l-
T'iirkii and U!.@. hut the first vo\vel is fixed -t"@!i~*n)on sotncthing, that is to cover it, to
hy T T VIII. Uyg. y l l r ff: Rud. Sanskrit nn fasten the covcrinr: and prrss it down' (h(ilngn
.iornte 'does not grleve, 1s not distressed' f ilia) id. 3 2 .
bu:sa:nma:sa:r (p-) T T 1'111 A.36; u l u ~
b ~ r ~t Qag i n u q u n b u s a n u r 'the wllolc D h u s n r - Intrans. U e n V. fr. hu:s; flap. Ice.
cotlntry grieves because of the prince' PP 27, hut I d . 32 rrcrrrds a IZlp. X I V I)r\-. N. h u s a r ~ k
1-2; 0.0. do. 40, 4 ; 54. 3-4; T T A' 524; USp: tran5lated 'dust which comes from a long way
07, 25 ( a m r u : ) ; rozh. 1 5 ; Wiirvt-ts. 63, etc., OR'. X a k . xr k & k b u s a r d r : ,@dmati'l-sanrd
Sll7'. 624. 16 (bugrul-). rcn qzmn'l-!iohcih 'the sky hecame cloudy and
thc l-nist rnse' Kns. 11 78 ( h u s a : r u r (.sic),
Tris. BSN busarma:k).
L) baslnCnk N.j'r1.S. fr. b a s t n - ; survives only T r i s . BSR
( ? ) in N\V Kaz. b a s ~ m q a k(sir) 'importunate,
trnuhlesnme'. Xnk. XI b a s l n ~ a k e r 01- 1) b a s a r f r C Nap. feg.; l'.N.,':\. fr. basar.
-mculrr'l-~tiitsfnd'nf 'a man who is despised' X a k . X I b a s a r l r g ta:g rnh,il </ri !t!rittr ' a m o u n -
Kns I 501: K B grl-12 (satRa:g): xrv Mlth. tain with garlic on it' Kng. 1404.
( ?) tntrstng'nf b a s l n y a k (-c-) Rrf. 149 (only).

T r l s . V. BSN.
nis. nSg
1) b a s l n d u r - Caus. f. of b a s ~ n - ;spn. w. D b u s u $ l k v . N. fr. *buss:-; 'grirf, sorrow'.
b a s ~ t - ,'to let oneself he oppressed'. N5.a.h. and the like. N.o.a.h. U y g . vlrr ff. Man, k o p
b u s u g t s a k ~ n q l'all their grief and anxiety'
I.JyR. vllr ff. h1an.-A M III 30, 3-5 (ii)
(6ndur-): Bud. (if a son o r daughter of good M 11126, 9 (i): Bud. b u s u g k a d g u e m g e k
people) y e k k e i ~ g e k k be a s ~ n d u r m l gb o l s a r 'grief, distress, and pain'(rcpresentinp Sanskrit
'lets himself h e oppressed by demons (Hend.lY h k n pnriifrvn ifirfikho) U II 11, 6 ; b u s u g
s a k ~ n qT T ,Y 1g7; 0.0. USp. 97, 22; S r t w .
T T V I I qo,36-7. 545, 14-15: Civ. Qldin x n n d t n b u s u g b a r
D b u s a n d u r - Caus. f. of b u s a n - ; 'to make 'there is grief from' (?concerning) the realm
(someone) grieve, be sorrowful'. N.0.a.b. and xnn' T T 1 6 0 ; 0.0. do. 79 (belgii:), etc.
 Uis. V. BSS- E 3. 4: vrrr ff. Man.-)\ (the voison which he
D bas+ Co-op. f. of bas-; s.i.s.m.1. Xak. e m h i d ) 6z bagiga tegdi 'fell'on his own head'
xr ol maga: uyma: basigdi: 'he helped me to M 1 2 0 , 2-3; (he cut off) qlrnnu b a g ~ n'the
compress (fi talbid) the Tijrkmen felt out of demon's (Ahriman's) head' do. 20, 14; a.0. do.
which hoots are made'; also used of anything zo, 17: Bud. bag is very common both in an
that has to be squeezed (yuclam) to reduce its anatomical sense, e.g. bagln togitip 'lying
swollenne~.sor hardness KO$.II loo (basigu:r, face downwards' PP 19, 4; and in a metaph.
bas1gma:k). sense, 'the top (of a pole)' USp. 104. 12-13
(igac); A:cna:ta Kaudinye a r h a n t ba:sin
11 busug- (p-) Hap. leg. ?; Recip. f. of bus-. ytiz-arhant1a:rig 'a hundred orhats whh
Xak. X I beg1e:r busugdi: 'the b e ~ slaid am- Ajriita Kaundinya at their head' T T V j I I
I~ushcsfor each other' Ka$. 11 I O I (busugu:r. 11.7; a g l r lg kacjllglcrde a g bag1 'the very
b1rsugma:k). first of (these) important acts' T T V zo, lo:
Civ. bag is common ( I ) anatomically e.g.
T r i s . BS$ kayu kigi b a s a g r i g bolsa 'whoever gets a
D b u ~ u g l u g P.N/A. fr. b u s u ~ ;'grieved, headache' T T VII 27, 12 and (2) rnetaph. e.g.
agrrgdrn bagi yotiil 'the beginning of the
sorrowful, unhappy'. N.0.a.h. TBrku vllr ff.
IrkB 52 (bulttltg): Uyg. VIII ff. Bud. bu- illness is a cough' T T V I I I M.26; and in a
suglug is common in PP, both by itself and curious phr. (1 have hired a plot of land for
ro tags of cotton-seed) b u o n t a g kebezni
in the phr. busuglug k a d g u l u g 'sorrowful kiiz yaglda baqr tag1 birle bkriirrnen 'I will
and distressed'; busuglug sakin$llg 'sorrow-
deliver these t o tags of cotton-seed in full on
ful and anxious' U I1z 1 , 4 (ata:); TT X62-3;
korkinqlig busuglug 'frightened and un- the first day of autumn' USp. 2, 7: 0. Kir.
the theory that there is a special letter repre-
happv' Kuan. 43-4: Civ. b u s ~ $ l u gkadgulug senting bag in P.N.s in Mal. z, 5 and 49, 2
T T lzrj-. is an error; the 'letter' is p ~k or p ki, but
1) busugsuz Priv. N./A. fr. busug; 'free the inscriptions in question are very corrupt:
from grief and sorrow'. N.0.a.b. Uyg. V I I ~ff. Xak. XI ba:* (sic, see Preliminary Note) nl-
Man.-A (may our minds remain) t u r k a r u -so's 'a head' Kay. I11 151; the word, often
busugsuzun k a d g u s u z u n 'completely free spelt bag with Suffs. occurs over 50 times,
from sorrow and distress' M I 2y, 29: Man. usually in an anatomical sense. hutnlso metaph.
ditto M I11 36, 2 (ii): Bud. busugsuz in such phr. as i v r ~ kbag^: 'the neck of a jug'
s a k i n p l z bole11 'become free from sorrow I loo, 6; e r d e m bagi: tr:l ra'sic'l-manqibati'l-
and anxiety' T T X 324-5: Civ. busugsuz -lis&n 'the beginning of virtue is the tongue' I
(n~is-spcltbususuz) bolur T T VII 34, rz. 107, 9: KB ba$ is common ( I ) anatomically
e.g. bagrm kesmesiint keseyin tilim 'I will
Mon. BS cut out my tongue so that they may not cut off
my head'. 166; (2) metaph. for 'leader' e.g.
bag/ba:g Preliminary Note. Although I<ag. bag1 e r d i Bgdun k a m u g b a g p k a ( M 4 a r n -
spells boflr 'head' and 'ruound' ba:g tliis is ct-r- mad) 'was the leader in front of all (other)
tninly an error. 'Ilend' is b a s in Yakiif, Pek. leaders' 45; (3) metaph. for 'hcginning', etc.
388 and bag iri SIV Tktn. and 'euound' is ba:s (I cannot conduct all the business of the state
in I'akut, Pek. 390, and ba:g in Tkin. myself) m a g a e r k e r e k t i r (?read bir) bilir
ig bagin 'I need a man who knows how to start
1 bag properly 'head' in an anatomical sense, work (properly)' 422: XIII(?) At. bag is com-
hut also fr. the earliest period used metaph. mon, e.g. 'head' 300 (bBrk)- kogiil bamakig
in the sense of the 'head' (of an army), bll xat8'lar bag1 'know that fixing your mind
the 'beginning' (of something) and for geo- (on something) is the prime mistake' zzo; b a ~ r
~raphicalfeatures. C.i.a.p.a.1. See Dorrfer 11 bard1 xayrnig so91 b a r g u s i 'the beginning
697-8, 704. Tiirkii vrrr (more than a hundred of good fortune has (already) gone away, and
arrows hit his armour and quilted coat) the end of it will (soon) go' 3 9 1 : T P ~ bag
. (I)
~ U z i g e :(?so read) bagirJa: b i r t[egmedi:?] 'head' (anatomical); (2) 'leader'; (3) 'summit'
but not one reached his face or head' I E 33- (of a mountain); (4) numeratire alti bag kigi
geographical; i d u k bag 'the hoIy summit'(?) 'six (head of) men'; ( 5 ) in a phr. (let us see his
II E 25; (PU) t a m a g i d u k bag I N I ; I1 E army) bagimrz kiizimiz birle 'with our own
29; (PU) $US bavi: I N 6 ; I1 E 30: vlrr ff. eyes' 93: xrv Afuh. al-ra's ba:g Mcl. 14, I 8 ;
kamu:g a:ra: b a g t m 'my head is among the 46, 2; Rif. 91, 139; 0.0. (anatomical) 46, 2;
reeds' I r k B l o ; b u i r k bagr:nta: 'at the begin- 47, 12; 53,6; 64, 12; 75,3; 139,.141, 150,163,
ning of this omen' do. 57: Man. e k i a g u l u g 178; qu(1atir'l-cabal 'the summlt of a moun-
yo1 basiga 'to the beginning of the two tain' da:g ba:gr: 74, 13; ta:g ba:qi: 178; a[-
poisonous roads' Chtias. 125-6; b a s t a n (sic) -rawm& 'cattle dealer' ba:g sa:txcl: 57, g(only) :
adak(k)a tegf 'from head to foot' M 1 5 , 13; Gag. xv ff. bag t a b e n sar-d-air ma sar nigiin
0.0. do. 6, r ; T T 11 8, 67: Uyg. vlrl geo- 'head downwards' Son. 124r. 8: Xwar. xrlr
graphical; t d u k bag $11. E 9; otiiken yig b a g 'head' 'Ali 18: xrrr(?) bag is common in
bagi:nta 'at the summit(?) of the Otiiken 02. bag kesdi 39; t a g b a s i d a 174; k a n g a
mountain forest' do. E 9; a r k a r bagl: 'the baqida 'in front of the wagon' 278: xrv ditto
mountain sheep's head' do. S I ; keyre: bagi: Qufb 28; MN49, etc. ; Nnhc. 98.5 etc.: Kom.
do. E. 6; N 6; s t p bag^: 'the colt's head' do. xrv 'head' (Itt. and metaph.) bav CCI, CCG;
Gr. 5 2 (qrlotns.): f i l p . vrlr rrl-rn's ba:$ Hou. changes. 'Tiirku V I I I ff. IrkIl 21) ( u t - ) : liyfi.
19, 1 8 : ulv d ~ t t ofd. 31; b a s b a r m a k (sic V I I I ff. hlan. .a1 I 17, 2 ti. ( ~ ~ S I ZIlild.) : (thcn
rlndrr -r) nl-ihhdnr 'the thutnl,' do. 31 ; m'si you must imagine that various cnltrais) b u
ha:$um Rrrl. 16, to: s v 01-m'r ba:g Karl. 43, b u r x a n etijzin hnq k l l m ~ g t n'have w t frcc
I I : 60, 1 0 ; 7irlr. 16h. 7 (and 0.0.); rrl-ibkdm this 13uddha-body' 7'7' ' L 6, 46; O.O. 7'7' I V
bn:$ h a r m a k Kn7,. 61, 3. 6,33 rtc. (irinqii:): Civ.(ifa man'svoicr fnilsor)
c d g i i t i bog u n m e s e r ' w ~ l lnnt come nut well
1) 2 ha:$ prrsurnnhly I l r n,. ' i fr. *ha:, ser ;tr~dfreely' II I 140: X a k . X I bov y ~ l k r :nl-
h a : l ~ f i ;'a wound' and the like. Survivcs only -dabhntrr'l-rnrrstrJJ'nI1n ':ln atiimal t h : ~ itq :~llowrcl
( ? ) in Yaliut arid S\\'Tkm., see al)ox-r; elsc- to go fr-ec' (cf. ~ d u k )hence; onr s:~?snl igle:r
\\-here displaced hy I.-\v.s like h 1 1 1 n ~j,nrn . b o g {klldl: olnittcd) !nllnqn'l-t~rnr'nkn-nrrrrohrr
and .\rr rnnihnt, rtc. TiirkU ~ I I IT. I hlnn. t i i r t nlrnrolnlrri 'hc clivr,rced the n.orrlan. as if tie let
yi.jiirmi tiirliig h a $ k t l t ~ r n l ze r s e r 'if n e lirr ~ I free';I and one says o l k u l hog kllcll:
hare inflicted the fourteen k i l ~ d sof \\-nunds' 'Iic emnncil,;ltcd (n'tnqrr) the slnvc'; and 01-lrrtrr
(;hrro?, 52-3: U y g . V I I I fi. Civ. b a g k t l s a r 'free' is callccl hog, as in thc prov. bn$ t1e:gke:
' ~ clne
f niakes n (surpicnl) incision' T T V I I 21, idi: bo1ma:s 'a thin^ which is allowed to go
2 (see kana:-): Xak. X I ba:g nl-rirfi!ra 'a free (nl-rrrrrhnral) has no o \ v l l t ~ ' K ~ I J .I 3x0;
\ Y O ~ I I I ( ~ 'Kng. I l l 151 (prov.); I l l 301 (tiigne:-) bo:g k i d : 'a free (!rrtrr) man : bo:? u r a : g u t
and nearly 20 0.0. translated ol-cirlihn, 01-cur11 'a dir-orcrd (!riliq) woman': bo:$ e l i g ynd
'wound', 01-qnrlln 'ulcer': K B b e r g e bag1 'the /dri;Cin r~ri~rn'l-'nmnl~ca'l-rndl ';I Iiand without
wounds inflicted by a whip' 2580; (do not be work o r property': bo:$ e t 'soft (msu') meat',
angry with me) k o g u l k l l m a b e g 'do not also used of soft around: ho:$ a t 'a loose
wound my mind' 3965; a.o. 6287: XIII(?)At. (mrr!laq) horse': and one says bo:g ev 'an
rqo ( I ok): X w a r . x ~ bva $ 'wound, wounded' empty ( f t r i i ) house', and vcsscls and tools that
Qtrth 28; (he spoke with larncntations and tears are not in use (nl-firitn rninn'l-'crmnl) are called
and) b a g r i bag1 h i r l e 'with an ulcerated liver' bo:g I I I 124: K13 ho$ BzHd kigi harp c d g u
Nnhc, 182, 16: Ktp. xllr ('head') ba:g wn k u l ~'a free, independent man is the scrvarlt
hrrrco'l-rrrrlr rcn hrrrcn'l-drrm~ttnl also 'wound' of all gi)od ( ~ n r n ? ) 2307:
' X I I T ( ?,41.
) till boa
and 'boil' Iiorr. 19. 18; a.0. do. 3 3 . 5: S I V ba:? kiyi 'a nian with an unhritllerl tongut.' 137: x ~ v
nl-crrrlt 7w ba:$ nl-.~rrr3c c a l ~ s ~Id. s ~; 01-
e ~ 31 ~lfirlr.nl-.rali ' e ~ i ~(opposite
~ t ~ ' to 'full' do:lu:)
-rrrr!r ba:$ Iiril. 10, 2: O s m . s ~ v f f .ba:g ( n e m e s i z ; onc MS.) bo:$ Afpl. 5.t. 9 (I<$ 151
'\vnund. ulcer'; cornmon until svr, occurs a t a : s l z ) ; [ltrrr (oppositc to 'slave' k u l ) h0:$
rarely in X\.II TRY I 76: I I 108, III 6 8 ; I V 76. Rif. 151 (nnly): G a g . sv ff. hnq ( I ) sfili
bC:$ 'live'; c.i.a.p.a.l. T i i r Q i i \:rtr beg is com- (quotn.); (2) ~rist'soft, idle'. rtc. Srrn. 1 3 5 ~17: .
mon(spelt be* it1 T.+g; I.s. 17 and once it] I I ) ; K o m . SI\, bog 'cn~pty' (space) C C ( ; ; (;r.:
V I I I fi. Alan. be$ t c g r i 'the five gocl~'Clttms. I
K i p . srlr (11-fiirit (opposite to 'full' tolu:)
r . S: UyB. \.lrr ff. h1nti.-A, R.lnn., 13ud., Civ. bo:g P r o ltrt~cn'l-sr~lircn'l-!olrrq ('divnrcc')
be*, consistcntly so spelt, is conimon: 0. K i r . Iiotr. 27, 17: s r v boq snfr ('ernpty') rcn .rc/i:
IX ff. be?, with the special letter for -6-occurs
bo:g ('xrith back vo\+-el')arrrn!nlirl 'released, set
in dlnl. 25, 4 beg k t r k 'thirty-five' (years of free' rd. 32: xv 1C1i bo$ 'lirh. 14h. 6 ; ~ 0 1 3 ,
a ~ e and) rh. 45, 2 beg y a g i m t a : 'in my fifth tn/urr(~&~'to h c unoccupied ( b o p n - and) b o ~
\-car': in (lo. r I , q the photograph shows that b o l - do. 141). 1 2 : .utihn 'to he disappnirttcd'
the litic hegins y e g i r m i : y a $ ~ m d a : 'in m y bog k a y i t - do. rgn. 8 ; /firit b o $ dn. 2851. 2:
tn-cntieth vear'; thc supposed preceding word 'soft' (yay and) boa do. 31 b. 7: O s n i . x ~ ff. v
he$ (so scelt) is n.ronglv deduced from a flaw b o g noted in several phr. 7'TS I l l . + ; I 1 161;
in the stone: X a k . sr be:? 01-sn~nsn,fi'l-'aiind 111 108-9.
'fire' Knp. III 125; a . o . 0 . : K B beg I 432: X I V
.Ilrrh. snnisn be:$ i 1 l p I . 81, 6 ; I?<{.186: G a g .
biq- (p-) 'to come t o nlaturity, riprn', with
xv ff. be$ beg rrdnrl Vel. 139; hCg/bC.ger some extended meanings, hoth Intrans. and
'nifnd-i pnrrc 'live' Sun. 14;s. 14: X w a r . X I V
beg (hZ' rrrnftri!m, !,C', $in) n ~ m i i z'the five T r a n s . ; \o\\~cloriginally I - , hut -1- also occurs
as earlv as l'urkii. S.i.a.rn.1.g.; thc vowcl is a
(daily) ppt-a?-ers' Nnhr. 240. 6 : K o m . s ~ beg
C C L ; G r . : KIP. s r ~ snrnsn
r
v
b6:g Horr. 22, 5 : back one in NI.:, S E Tiirlii (in suftixcs) and
s r v b e ? snrrrsn Id. 3 r ; Bul. 12, I r : xv xarnsa N C Ktr., but a front one clseu~here. T h e
h4:g (fntlra 16') Kuo. 39, 4 ; 6s. 6; beg Tuh. initial is P- in an unusually wide range of lan-
60h. 7 a.o.0.: Osm. s r v ff. the spelling b6$ guages, NE (not significant); SE Tiirki I3$.
1 2 ~ NC ; KZX. nin4 276: sc I ~ Z I )BOY. . 328;
secms to he standard in ~ I Vand , sv and occurs
sporadically down to X V I I T T S II 1 j 4 ; III N W Kaz., Kk., Nog.; S\\' Osm. and sotne
104: I V 113. T k m . forms. See Doerf~r I1 845. T u r k i i
vrli ff. (it rained) t a r @ biqdi: (sic) 'the crops
bo$/?bo:$ basically 'not subject to external ripened' I r k B 53: Uya, V I I I ff. Man. (VU)
control, free' (not ver?. different fr. e r k l i g ) ., b t g t p hf 11128, 6 (iii) (damaged): Bud. 6gre
xvith extended meanings like 'cmpty' as a j u n d a k ~krlln$ tii$i b ~ $ m a k t n'the matur-
opposed to 'fi~ll', and 'soft' as opposed to ing of the fruits of things done in a former
'hard'. T h e original l e n ~ t hof the vowel is existence' Tif. 50a. 5-6; a.0. I I I V so, 124
uncertain; Kaf. lists both forms, but it is short (ctil-): X a k . XI egi$ blgdi: 'the pot boiled
in S b l 'I'km.; it does not seen1 t o exist in (ndrnkat) and the broth n-as cookcd' (trrbixat);
Yakut. S.i.a.m.1.g. with minor phonetic and one says ye:mi? b l g d ~ :'the fruit ripened'
 D I S . V.
(na(iicnt); and one says e r kllntz blgdl: 'the later. TiirkU vrr~ff. Man. pug] bCrdlmiz
Inan stirred (krraka) the kumis so that it e r s e r 'if we have given alms' Clluas. 14-I ;
should mature' (li-yudyik) Kay. II 1 2 (blga:r, a.o.0.: Uyg. vrr~ff. Man.-A edgii k ~ l l n q l g
b1gma:k); e t blgdl: the meat was cnoked' b u y kiiciin k ~ l z u n'may they do good deeds
(inlaboxa) 111321, 8 ; o.o.I169(1 01-); 11120 by the strength of (giving) alms' M III I I , I -2 :
( t ~ t ~ l -1
)1 ; 1 382, 2: K,B (hear the saying of) Man. a r l g bug1 (sic, Man. Syriac script)
kiigli btgmlg kigi 'the man with a mature bereiim 'let us give pure alms' M III 29, 8-9;
mind' 6165; (if one eats) dve brsmlg agnl 0.0. do. 10; M I 32, 12: Bud. b a r q a bug1
'food cooked too quickly' 632: xrv Muh. al- berig 'give it all as alms' PP 16, 6; 0.0, do.
-nd(iic 'ripe' (opposite to 'unripe' $I:@ b ~ g m r g 46, 6 etc.; U S p 103, 19-20 (1 idi:); U 111
Mel. 56, 7 ; Rif. 154: Gag. xv ff. big- (sic, see 12, 8 ; U I V 36, gz etc.-01 bodls?vat
bl$ur-) Intrans. ; puxta gridan 'to be cooked' sizlerke korkunqsuz bug] bCrgey that
and tad<~kkrcr yfiftan 'to remen1l)er' Son. 146v. bodhisattva will ~ i v eyou the gift of freedom
24 (quotn.; the second mean in^, otherwise from fear ' Kuart. 52; a.0. 153.
unknown, is picked up hy t d following entry
b ~ g k a r -'to remind', supported by two quntns. Dis. V. BVA-
fr. Nam-'i, hut also otherwise unknown): U baga:- 1)cn. V. fr. 2 ba:g; 'to wound, make
Xwar. xrv big- (sic) 'to he matured' Q U I34: ~ incisions', and the like. N.0.a.b. Xak. X I 01
Ktp. X I I I 'cooked (01-mnfhtis) meat' blgmig e t ylga:$~gbaga:dr: 'he made incisions (ittaxado
How. I S , 16: xlv big- in!abaxa; one says a? itrtztiz) in the wood'; also used of anything else
bigti: 'the food is thoroughly cooked' (islarod) when one cuts it (hazznlrrc); also used when
fd. 32; tatahhaxa rua intahaxa big- ,9111. 85r.: one dovetails pieces of wood (mada'a'l-xagob
xv ag bigmigmi: d u r 'is the meat thoroughly musannnda ho'dihd 'a16 ha'd) Kaf 111 265
cooked?' (istacc~d)Kao. I 5 , 19; a.o. do. 42, 16: (bava:r, ba3a:ma:k): Xwar. x~rr(?)a word
O s m . xrv ff. big- (?pi$-) 'to be cooked, to apparently spelt bafdt but transcribed by
ripen', etc.; c.i.a.p. T T S I 109; II 154; III Arat bagad1 occurs five times in Og. usually
104; 11.'154. in the phr. Oguz k a g a n bagadt 'Otuz
buq- (?p-)'to hr irritated, anlloyerl'. Survives kagan attacked', or the like. It cannot he a
in SE Tiirki pug- Shaw 50 (only, hut BS. I 29 misreading of hasdl since the phr. b a g a d ~
lists the Refl. f. pugun- and .rayring 233 thc b a s d t occurs in 294, and seems to be a survival
Dev. N. puguk). Uye. vrrr ff. Civ. T1' VIII of this word.
1.6 (Isirken-): Xak. xr m e n bu: r:gd~n D bogu:- ( ?bogo:-) [)en. V. fr. bog; properly
b u g d u m 'I was irritated (dacirttc) by this 'to free, liherate', with some extended mean-
affair' Ka$. 11rz (hugma:zmen (sic, error for ings. S.i.a.m.l.g., usually as bogs-, with
b u g a x m e n ) , bugma:k); two 0.0.: ICH bu3ar several Trans. and Intrans. meanings. Tiirkii
8dte beglerke b a r m a yaguk 'do not go vrrr ff. Man. bPg tegrjg hogugalz 'in order
near begs when they are irritated' 779, 783; to liberate the five gods' Chuas. 9; yazuku-
0.0. 324, 335 (utunluk). 795 (ilen-1, 3965.
4292: xrrr(?) At. 5 2 (ars1a:n): xrv Muh. al-
muznl . . . b o g u g a l ~k o l m a d u n l z e r s e r
'if are have not prayed (God) to release (us
-dacar wo'l-gay? 'to be irritated, furious' from) our sins' do. 287--9: Uyg. vl11 ff. Bud.
b u g m a k Mel. 34, 16; Rif. 120; daciro ma y a z u k u m u z n ~hoguyu y a r l ~ k a z u n l a r'may
kasila ('to be lazy') bug- in margin Rif. I r t they deign to release (us from) our sins' T T
(only): F a g . xv ff. bug- galzatla rand 01-, I V 12, 36; t s u y u m d a y a z u k u m d a boguyu
kak- . . . we incin-, bi-!rudrir 01- 'to he angry and bPrzun same meaning Kuan. zoo: Xak. xr
rude, to push . . . to be hurt and irritable' a n l ~8:zi: bogu:dl: istatlagat tabi'atuhu 'his
Vel. 152 (quotns.); bug- ziydri rasidan 'to be bowels were opened'; and one says tiigun
injured, damaged' San. 1 3 4 ~ .13 (quotns,): bogu:dl: 'the knot came untied'(mahana); and
X w a r . x11t pug- (sic) 'to be irritable' 'Ali 48; one says a t bogu:dr: inIialla'1-faras mina'l-
xrv bug- difto Qrctb 36 (bop), 38: T k m . xrv -zua!aq 'the horse got loose from the tether';
bug- i,$tci~a to become angry'; In KIP. ylglr- and one says xa:n yala:waq~g bogu:dt:
.(Hap. leg.?) Id. 32: O s m . xrv ff. bug- (once adana'l-mnlik hi-rucri'i'l-roslil ild micrsilihi 'the
in xvr pug-) 'to be irritated, angry'; common king gave the ambassador leave to return to
down to xvr T T S 1 1 2 8 ; 11 183; I11 120; I V (the king) who sent him'; and, in Argu:,
643. e r u r a : g u t ~ n bogu:d~: 'the man divorced
Dis. B$A (laliaga) his wife'; this verb is both Intrans. and
Trans. Kag. 111 266 (boyu:r, bogu:ma:k):
L) 1 bug1 N.1A.S. fr. bug-; 'bad-tempered, srv Muh. a'toqa wa ~ a l a q a(?read !a!laqa) zca
irritable'. Pec. to KB. Xak. X I K B bug] taraka 'to release, to hand over (or ?divorce).
bolsa yalouk biligsiz bolur 'if a man be- to glve up' bo:ga:- MeI. 23, 3: Rif. 104;
comes bad-tempered, he loses his sense of !lalama fi narumihi 'to have a nocturnal
judgement' 334; bug1 b o l m a 1414; 0.0. 850, emission' bo:ga:- 108 (only); al-muflaq 're-
906, 19977 4292. leased' bo:ga:ml:g 51,. I I ; 147: Gag. xv ff.
F 2 bu91 (p-) 'alms'; the Chinese phr. pu shih boga- (and bogan-) wst judan, x61i judan 'to
(Giles 9,479 9,934)! same meaning, borrowed be weak, lazy; to be empty' San. rjgr. 2
by Turkish nuddh~stsand from them by the (quotns.): X w a r . xrv boga- 'to release' Nahc.
Manichaeans. Common in Uyg., and some- 7, 17: KIP. xrv bocja- tallaqa fd. 32; Bt11.
times spelt with the original p- but not noted 59".
 378 DIS.
Dis. BSS: bogatti: 'hr rclenscd (n!laqa) the prisoner';
D bagqi: N.Xg. fr. 1 b a g ; 'leader, super- also used of anyone who released (fnkka)
visor', and the like. S.i.s.m.l. X a k . X I K B someone from fetters or bonds Kaf. I1 306
k a l ~e d g u b o l s a b o d u n b a g q ~ s l'if there is (bogatu:r, bogatma:k, sic everywhrre); bu:
a good leader of the people' 894; 0.0. 45 o t k a r i n bogutffa:n (rir) 'this drug purges
(ogdiin), 4139 (igdigql:): X I V nTlth.(?) (in a (ynrhil) the stomach'; also used of anything
list of words for craftsmen, ctc.) nl-ra's 'fore- when it frequently reduces the strength of a
man' ba:gcr: RV. 15s (only): xv ff. thing I,y lonscnit~ji it (yrilrin qrcrozuo/o'l-$a),'
bagel bnlad r m dtrlil rcn rnhnrtmn guide, hi'l-/roll) I 5 1 4 ; a r,. I 2x0, zr (1:d-, rhyming
Ie;~der' S c r i r . 124r. 10: X w n r . X I V bagel with a g u t - , tngut-): K n iizi k a t m t ~erntli
'leader' L>ti!b 28. b o s u t g u lcerek 'he is constipatrd, we must
nowr loosen hir bowels' r o g ~ : G a g . xv ff.
' h i s . F35C bogat- <:nus. f., srrrt hnr<!air 7cn .urili hnrdnn 'to
~renkcn,to e ~ n p t y Son.' r l s v I : Kom. S I V '11,
IIF ~ U S I ~ I(p-) : N . A c . fr. 2 btrgl:; ' h c p ~ r . rclrxse; to forgive (sin%)'bnqnt- (>'(;I, CCC;;
nirnd~cant;one who cr)liccts, or lives entirely C;r. 65 (quotns.): Kip. z v toNaqa bogat- I h ! .
on, almc'. N.0.a.h. Uyg. vrrr ff. nud. t o g a 78, 8 ; forrolfn boguf- (sic) do. 78, 11: O s m .
yok e l g a y b u g ~ qm~e n 'I an1 an infirm and XI. ff. b o v a t - 'to erripty' in one nr two texts
dest~tuteheggar' PP 67, 3-4; b u b u g ~ q bi r a - T T S I I 161; I V 120.
m a n 'this mendicant Hrahmili' [J III 15, 18;
0.0. do. lo, 4-5 (kolunguqi:); zz, 9. Trjs. B S D
Dis. B$D D b a g t i n k l N.1A.S. fr. Ah/. of 1 b a g ; 'first'.
Pec. to Uyg. V y g . I ~ I I I ff. Rud. b a g t l n k i
?C b a g t a k survives only in NW Kaz. bag a s a n k i i q l n d e In the first nsnr!rkheyo1 TTV
b a g t a k 'leaderlcss' and thc likc; otherwise 20, 7; i1.0. Slrv. I I , i I : Civ bnvtlnkr yll 'first
n.0.a.h. T h e SW Osm. phr. t e k bagiga, 'all yc:~r' T7' 1'11 18, 7: ;~.o.o.
hy oneself, all alone', suggests that this is a
Compound of 1 b a g a n d 1 tclc with phonetic I)IS. nSG
assimilation. X a k . xr bagtnk(h4S. bapak, but
as the word precedes b a g m n k this must be II) 1 bngak L)ir~i.f. of 1 b a g ; lit. 'a srnall
an error) e r nl-racrrlrt'l-hiisir tua dnyruhti 'a head', at first specifically 'an arrow-head', later
bare (or unarmed) man', etc. Ka?. 1 4 6 6 : Kip. 'ear of corn', ctc. S.i.a.n,.l.g. \vith various
X I I I 01-'dri rninn'l-nlrl rcn Qoyrihim 'a man
phonetic cl~angcs(b-11x1-; -5-1-S-/-j-) X a k .
without family ties' bo:g da:k (txvo wor-is) X I b a ~ n knn:lrr'l-sn11ii1 run siiifinrt'l-rrttrr!r 'thc
ya'ni hi-rn'sil~ithat is 'on his own (head)' Hon. irnn hcnd of an arrow or lance' Kag. I 378;
four n.0.: (jag, xi: ff. berjak ok ~lcitrrori'arrow
25, 5. hrarl' I'rI. 128 (cpotn.); ba$nk ( I ) pnyhnrr
V[T baat;rr Slap. leg.; possii,ly a 1.-n.. A r g u : dittr) (rluott~.);(z) .xrij~z'ear r~fcorn' (cluot~~.)
SI b a g t a r a/-rnUrcd ';I sickle' Kn& 1455. Snn. izqr. 4 : Xlvar. srv b a ~ a k'ear of corn'
Q ~ t b28; 'arrow-head' h l N 91: Kip. X I V
Dls. 1'. DSD- b a v a k 01-srtnbrrlo 'an ear of corn'; one says
b a g a k d e r n i a k k a : (sic, in error) bard^: 'he
D bagad- Intrans. Den. 1 . fr. 1 b a g ; 'to be :I has gone to pluck cars ol corn' Id. 32; ( T k r n .
'
leader, at the head of (a body of men)'. Occurs d e r n r e n ) 01-nn,rl, in Kip. bapnlc do. SO.
only twice, but clearly legible. Cf. bagla:-.
'Tiirku vrrr Ku Segii:n bagagu: ti5rt t i i m e n 75 2 b a g a k See b a g m a k .
su: keltl: 'an army of 40,000 men came with
Ku chiang-chiin (Chinese 'general') at their 1: b a g i k ( p a g ~ k )the Man. Sogdian word
head' II N ' 8 ; ( 5 9 0 men) Llsiin t a y serjii:n p'Iyk 'hymn', occurs occas~onally in Man.
bagad[u:] with Li I-Isiin-tay at their head' teuts. T i i r k i i vrrr H. Man. (in the title,
do. 11. mainly Sogdian, of a hymn) pagi:k Toy. I v. 5
( E T Y 11 177): Uyg. V I I I ff. Man. alkig paglk
1) bogut- (?begot-); C ~ I I Rf.. of bogu:-; 'to sijzle&ug 'reciting praises and hymns' 1'7'
rclease'. etc. T h e ~ p c l l i n bogat-
~s in the &IS. 111 161; 0.0. A 2 II 9, I ; 10, I (i);10, I (ii);
of Kny. are due to thc scribe; it must originally A1 I11 26, i I (ii).
h a m been bogut-. S.i.a.m.1.g.. usually as
bogat-. with the same range of meanings. L) b l g ~ a(p-) N.(A.S. ft. big- 'ripe, niature;
Uyg. VIII ff. Civ. (out of the six srttr and six ripeness, maturity', rtc. Surv~vcsonly(?) in
bakir due to the b ~ we g have received five a / l r N E several dialects pljik H I Y i 323. T i i r k u
and five haktr) b i r sitir b i r b a k l r kilmiigni V I I ~ff. Man. (in a list of twelvc virtues) qinln
b e g bogut(t)u 'the beg has renounced one bigigin e r m e k 'to live in truthfulness and
srhr and one bnkrr' USp. 125, 3-4: Xak. XI o l inaturity' M III 17, 12-13 (i): Uyg. vrrr ff.
taga:r bogatti: 'he emptied (afru&z) the sack Bud. (Sanskrit l o ~ t )b i s t g (p-) e:rse:r se:nig
of its contents', also used of any container 'I'T V I I I A.19: Crv. b ~ g l gs i g i r 'ginger1 H I
(zarf) when it is emptied of what had been 4, etc. (sloir q . ~ . )(in ; an adoption agreement;
stored in it; and one says 01 t u g i i n bogatti: let the adopted hoy) k o n i big@ t a p i n z u n
'he untied (awhd) the knot'. etc.; and in Argu: 'serve faithfully when he reaches maturity(?)'
one says 01 ura:gut b o g a t t c 'he divorced LISP. 98, 8: y i g e t l e r teggilip bl$tP. bold1
(!nllnqo) the woman'; and one says 01 b u l u n u g 'raw meats have changed and become fully
 DIS. \
cooked' T T I 192: Xak. XI b ~ g ~ngg nl- D b u ~ u gHap. leg.; N.Ac. fr. bug-. Xak. XI
-~a'dmrc'l-mathrizr 'cooked food'; and anything one says b u ~ u gb u g d ~ :dacira dacara(n) 'he
cooked is so called, hence 'a baked brick' was bad-tempered, irritable' KOJ.1373.
(01-ncrrrr) is called blg18 kerplq 'a haked mud
brick' (lobin); (in margin in second(?) hand) D b o ~ g u t(boggot) 'instruction, teaching'.
b ~ g silq(i:g
~ g 'cooked wine' Ka?. I 3 7 z ; several and the like; Dev. N. fr. *boggu:-, which is
0.0.: K B biliglig blHg bBrdi tllke b l g ~ g morphrrlogically a I k n . V. fr. bogug with a
'wisdom gives the tongue maturity' 168; bolur very tenuous semantic connectton. Neither
Strli igler btitun h a m blglg; bilig11g this nor cognate words (boggut-, boggun-,
kigiler b1g12 y e r aglk 'then his actions arc etc.) are noted later than Xak. hut the - 0 - is
proper and well thought out; wise mcn eat fixed by T T VIIl spellin~s. T u r k i i vrlr ff.
their food well cooked' 330; n.n. 4480: S I ~ Man. a d l n a g u k a boggut b o g g u r m a k ~ n
AltrA.(?)lohnz mathrix big1:g (sic) e t Rif. 164: s e v e r 'he loves to ~ i v einstruction to others'
Gag. xv ff. bbtg~g/b:grk prry n 'cookccl' Snrr. M I11 z r , 1-2 (ii); eagii boggut boprgapj
147r 20; ( V U ) bt91 (or brgk!w) nrirrhri-i ktilih TT II ro, 9 5 : . Uyg. vrrl ff. &Ian. I'okharian
'small bread rolls', which they cook in huttcr 'upright bchaviour and knowledge' Faxgapat
do. r47r 9 : Yagma: X I hlgrk e t 'cooked rnrat', bogkut (sic) T T 1 X 33: Bud. norn boagut
etc., the Yaima: form of b~qlg(rnis-speltbagtk b o g g u n d n q ~e r s e r 'if they are persons being
jn the MS.) Kaf. I 379: X w a r . slv higig instructed in the (true) doctrine' T T V 22,46;
cooked, matured' Qutb 34: K o m . xlv 'ripe, 0.0. do. 24, 52; 26, 83; Sanskrit iruta 'tradition,
cooked' blgi C C I ; GT.:Klp. xrv higi: 'thin ' instruction' boggut (spelt pogkorfh) bilig T T
loaves' (rrrqdq) well known among them fd. , VIII LJ.27; boggut a l l p 'receiving instruc-
32: O s m . xrv ff. big1 'cakes cooked in butter'; tion' USp. 43, 6: Xak. X I boggut al-filmid
c.i.a.p. T T S 1 1 0 8 ; I1 154; I11 104; I V 114; fi'l-!rirfa 'an apprentice to a craft' Kag. I 451.
xvlrl (after Gag.) and the R~imicaIIa cnke n~adc
of dough heaten up with an egg and baked in
E bagga:k Sec sapaa:k.
hutter bigi/bi$me Sair. 147r. 19. D b a g g ~ lI-lnp. l e ~ (so . is ba91I); Den. N./A.
in -a11 (connected with colours) fr. 1 bag.
D buqak Sec. f. of *bugfink I>e\-. N./h. (con- X a k . SI 'a quadruped with a white head'
'
noting habitual action) fr. buq-; I<OJ'S es- (&izcdfu'l-nrbn' ;chi abj~a#a ra'suhu) is wllecl
planation is confuscd and erroneous. N.0.a.h. b a g g ~ yl t l k ~ :Kal. 1 481 ; bag11 ko:y 01-arqo'
O g u z (and othern, ZL'O f i a y r ~ h i ~
X I) bugak 'an milra'l-galrarn 'a shecp with a white spot on its
irritable (01-dacrir) man' KO$. I 378; (undcr head', in one dialect : f i Itifla) I 392.
the heading .fa'ilgdit) words of this form are
N./A. of Ilabitual Action corresponding to thc D bagga:n Hap. Ieg.; presumably Den. N.
'

Ar. form mif'dl . . ., and most of the Oiuz and fr. 1 bag. The roll varied fr. ahnut 1 2 ounces
J<~pgakturn the - n into - k and omit the - 8 - ; to 5 pounds avoirdupois in various places and
for exanlplc (the Turks) call 'an irritn1,lc man' periods. Xak. xr hagga:n 'a large fish (al-
bugga:n and the ORuz say bugak I 15: KIP. -samak) weighing between IOO and 50 rafls;
xrv bugak 01-mculu'l-ka?irti'l-day2 a bad- used as a simile for the head-man (kabir) of a
tempered man', from bug- igtdra Id. 32 trihe, one says bodun hagga:nl: that is 'the
head (ra'is) of a trilje' Kag. 1438.
L) bogug (?bogog) N.Ac. fr. bogu:-; n.0.a.b.
Uyg. V I I I ff. Bud. Clig begdin bog119 bulup D ~ S V. . BSG-
oz u l u g ~ ~bard1 a 'he received from the king
permission to leave and went off to his own ?D *bog&:- See hoggut, boggut-, etc.
country' U I11 67, 1-2 (iii); a r ~ m a d u kt s u y
i r l n ~ u l e r l m i nbogug kolup 'asking for for- D boggut- Hap. leg.; Caus. f. of *boggu:-.
iveness for my sins (Hend.) which have not U y g . vrrr ff. Bud. b u drc:rnr boggu:tup
been purged' T T I V 12, 50: Xak. SI bogug 'teaching this dlrdra!ri' T T VIII K.7.
'the permission (nl-idn) for the return journey', D 1 boggun- Ilefl. f. of *boggu:-; 'to lcarri,
which is given hy a Sultan to an ambassador receive instruction'. Pec. to Uyg. nhere it is
who has been sent to him; and the gift (a?- fairly common. Uyg. ~ I I ff. I Bud. birtik b u
-cd'iza) which isgiven to the latter is also called n o m u g egldip b o g g u n s a r t u t s a r 'if they
this. This is analogous to the Ar. word al-sufm hear this doctrine, Icarn it and keep it' T T
which primarily means 'food prepared for a V I I ~ O40-1
, ; 0.0. do. 145 (uzeliksiz); TT I.'
traveller', and then the leather cloth on which 22, 46 etc. (boggut); U I 13, 7; I1 34, 4;
the food is laid out is also called sidra. Simi- Ti$.47b. 5;Strv. 2 , 9 ; 17,14; 1 3 6 , 4 4 ( t erig);
larly a ncighbour who goes to visit (another) 447, 16 etc.
neighbour far away, when the time for his
return comes sends out an invitation, all the (D) 2 boggun- IIap. leg.; Kay.'s explanation
neiphbours and others are invited, and he asks IS morphologically impossible unless the
their permission to return, giving the neigh- insertion of -9- by a false analogy can, be
bours gifts; this is called bogug a$ ta'dmlr'l- assumed. Xak. XI e r elgi: boggundi: his
-idn 'the food for permission' Kap. 1372: KB hand was empty (iiixala'at) and stopped work'
bogug bergii 'giving (the ambassadors) per- (fatara 'ani'l-'amnl); also used of a man hirn-
mission to depart' 2495: K o m . XIV 'release' self; the ori in of that (verb) is bogundl: Kaf.
bogov CCG; Gr. 11238 (bo&unu:r, boggunrna:k).
 D I S . V.
ty~rrlrskihlryazyhov, Moscow, 1961. Pec. to I E 2, II E 3; 0.0. I E 15, 18, II E 13, 16; II
Uyt. UyQ,. vr11 ff. Dud. (the people of this N 10: anta: berii:ki: S u k ( ? l bas115 S o e d a k
country all lool; on one another 3s equals) begun 'on this side of ;hem ;he ~ o i d i a n
tiigiir boguk bolugup klz berigip b a e r r people with Suk(?) at their head' T 46:
bogiik edgii ogli bolurlar 'they are free vlrr ff. a1tu:n bagll:g yrlan 'a golden-headed
to intermarry, they give one another their snake' IrkB 8 : Man. o n yllan baglrg e q e k i n
daughters in marriage, they are blood relations 'with ten snake-headed fingers' Chuas. 53-4:
and relations by marriage, and are mutually Uyg. V I I I ff. Civ. bagltg begler preceded by
well disposed' T T VI 308-9 (and see note P.N.s 'the begs with (so-and-so) at their head'
thereon and 0.0. in Index); (his father the Usp. 21, 6 ; 22, 5 ; 65, 3: Xak. xr Kay. III
king had asked the king of that country for 227 (bake:).
the hand of his daughter for the Prince)
tugiir bogtik bolmlg e r d i 'they had become D 2 bagllg P.N./A. fr. 2 ba:.$; 'wounded'.
rnetnbers of families who wer free to inter- N.0.a.b. Tiirku VIII ff. Man. Chuas. I 9-10
marry' I'P 64, 6 (and see gotnote); adag (ba:11g): Xak. X I b a g l ~ gkBziig 01-'ayna'l-
bBgiik U I11 33, 17; U I V 46, 55 (ata:-); -carhi 'the wounded eye' Kay. I1 172, 12;
b a g l r bBgUk I'T VI 105, etc. (bagrr). n.m.e.: Xwar. X I V y6tmig i k i yerde bagltg
bold1 'he was wounded in seventy-two places'
P U b6gge:l Hap. leg.; the general form of Nahc. 184, 9: Klp. xrv bagll: eyle- c a r o b
this word, which is listed between b i t m u l and 'to wound' fd. 3 1 : O s m . xlv to xvr bag11
b o g r u l is certain, but, since its semantic con- 'wounded' in several texts T T S 1 8 0 .
nection seems to be with either b o s g e : ~or
bigi (blg18) its spelling may be incorrect. I t D basllk A.N. (sometimes Conc. N.) in -Irk
is n~orphologicallyobscure and is perhaps an fr. 1 bas. S.i.s.m.l. with a wide range of
honorific word. Xak. XI bogge:l of-ruqGqa meanings 'beginning; leadership; headgear'.
nrina'l-xtrbz 'a thin loaf of bread', bi-lrrgati'l- In the early period hard to distinguish fr.
-Xdqdniya Kaj. I 48 I . 1 bagllg; the occurrence in Uyg. is suspect,
the word to be expected here is bagla:g.
See Doerfer I1 701. Uyg. vr~rff. Bud. a z
T r i s . B$G krllnq y e m e n e ba$llk~n(?)kayu basutprn
D b6ge:gU: Collective f. of b6:g; 'five together'. belgiiliig b r i i r 'and lust, from what be-
Survives in N C IGr. hego:; Kzx. beseii: SC ginning and through what supporter does it
Uzb. begiiv. Uyg. V I I I ff. Bud. (faith, effort, appear?' U II 9, 10-11 (in parallel passages
understanding, contemplation, and knowledge) tlltagln occurs instead of bagllkrn): (Xak.)
b u b6gegu 'these five things' T T V 22, 17: xlv Mith.(?) (among words for horses) al-
Gag. xv ff. b6gew pnnc id 'five together' Son. -sdbiq 'the winner in a race' bagllk Rif. 171
147r. 1s (quotn.): Klp. xlv (in a list of Collec- (only): Gag. xv ff. bagltg (sic) sardzr wa ra'is
tives) b8:gegii id. I 14, 21. commander, chief' San. 124r. 13 (quotn.):
Xwar. xrrr(?) s e n m u n d a beglerke baghk
D bbgiklig Hap. Icp.; P.N./A. fr. b6:giik. bolgll 'become the head of the begs here' 0%.
Xak. xr begiklig (sic) ura:kut imra'a dzt 245: Kzp. xrv baglrk al-malih 'king', originally
radi' wa iitnhd ' a woman with an infant and pd&ChIhlik a Persian word fd. 31 (false ety-
a cradle' KO$.1509. mology): O s m . XVIII b a g l ~ g(after Gag.) and
in Rtimi kallagi-yi licdm 'the headstall of a
Dis. B$L bridle'; and there is also a (prob. Gag.) saying
S bag11 See baggrl. bagllg b a p g a bolur 'every man is his own
master' Son. 124r. 13.
D bagla:g N.Ac. fr. bagla:-; 'beginning'.
N.0.a.b.; the word spelt ball@ in Kay. is an D bogla:g Dev. N./A. fr. bogla:-, not noted
error for bog1a:g. Uyg. vr11 ff. Man. ulug elsewhere in the early period, but surviving
baglag atltg yllnlg ikinti yrllnda 'in the in SW Osm. for 'to loosen, let go, abandon'.
second year of the regnal period of "the Great N.0.a.b. Xak. XI bog1a:g (misvocalized
Beginning"' T II D 180 in T T 11, p. 17 (this basla:i) ne:g al-jay'u'l-miltma1 'anything let
seems to represent Chinese shang yiian, the go, abandoncd'; hence one says bogla:g
period A.D. 760-1): Bud. Sanskrit ddau (ditto) yllkl: ddbba muhmala 'an animal which
'at the beginning' [ba]gla:glnda: T T VIII has been turned loose' Kaj. I461 : K B boglag
A.42; (faith) k a m a g edgii n o m l a r n l ~bag- yiigiirme 0 2 t h 'do not run loose by yourself'
lags t6tir 'is called the beginning of all good 1505; a.0. 4061: xtn(?) At. 135-6 (1:d-).
doctrines' T T V 24, 63: Civ. S o g u n t e g m e D bogluk A.N. fr. bog; s.i.s.m.1. with several
bag baglag icinde 'in the regnal period of related meanings. Xak. X I K B (if greed'makes
"the Chief Beginning" called shang kzmn' T T a man its slave) an19 boglukl kBr BlUm
VII I , I and 71 (A.D. 1368). birle 01 'his emancipation comes (only) with
1) 1 bagllg P.N./A. fr. 1 bag; 'having a head' death' 2616.
and the like. S.i.a.m.l.g. w. various phonetic
changes and often extended meanings. Turkii Dis. V. BSL-
V I I I bagllglg yiiktindurmig tizligig s6ku:r- D 1 bagla:- Den. V. fr. 1 bag; properly
mlg 'they made those who had heads bow Trans. 'to begin, to lead', but often used
them and those who had knees bend them' without an Object and practically Intrans.
 382 hIS:. V. B$L-
S.i.n.111.l.c.. nith \.:hrinur ~,horictic changes. fnrtnrd hy add in^ -t- to tllc vcrh) isttrbdu'o
See Uoerjer 11 7 0 0 . 'Tiirkii V I I I only the tier. haglat- 7'1111. ~ 4 1 4).,
baglayu: occurs, e.g. (my father the xl2an
'lied) baglayu: k l r k ~ zx a e a n ~ gbalbnl tlk- 1) I ' a ~ l a n - Refl. f. of 1 baala:-; normally 'to
tllm 'as a start I erected a memorial stone begin' (Illtrans.); occasionally (of a crop) 'to
(representing) the ~ < , ~ a ~ ~
xa2anvI E 24, 11 form ears', and the like. S.i.s.m.1.g. l'flrkii
V I I I ff. bagland1 'here begins' followed hy a
E 20; 1 N 8 (&It-) a.o.o.: v r l l ff. ~111:g
KG@:[ Sar~u:n baala:p kelti: 'ni[il: noun indicating n subject to be discussed
Sagun arrived leading (a party)' Tun. IV z-3 TOY.I ( E 1 ' Y I I 57); TOY.I u , lillf(d0. 11 176):
( E T Y J I 96): Yen. otuz e r l g bnglayu: U Y ~ vllr . ff. hlan. ditto M 11 7, 1 ; III 31,
'leading thirty menv fifal. 32, l z : uyg. vrlI ff. 9 (ii): Xak. ur e r 1:gka: bag land^: axada'l-
llud. e9 baglayu t u g d u k t a 'the first -racul fi'l-'afrtal rua zahara amrtrhtr 'the man
tirne that he was horn' s<~~,. 348, b-7; ku@a t'egan the task and his action became visible
s t t ~ b a l abaglap a l t u n u r u g l a r t birle 'with (?)'; and one says ko:Y ta:gka: baglandl: 'the
its pnlden seeds, beginning with ktrjnla and ~ h e c pwas driven (insdqat) towards the moun-
sitihoir~'(Sanskrit I.-W.S) T7' VII 40, 1~6-7: tain'; and one snys t n r l g ba$landl: 'the crop
Civ. 6Ziioe (I9 igin b a ~ l a g l l'hegin with the furll1ed ears' (tnsnnbala) Kai. 11 238 (bag-
,\rork which confronts you9 TT I IsO; (if you 1anma:k; Aor. omitted in MS.): F a g . xv ff.
count the years of a male for divination pur- baqlan- Itell. f.; 'to begin; to be directed,
poses) yekni baglap s a n a g u 01 'YOU must guided, or sent' Son. 123r. 21 ( q ~ o t n . )Xwar.
:
heyin your count with the dcmon (step)' do. ?) 266 (ur'l?): Xlv baglan- 'to hegin'
VII 12, 1-2; 01 r a : g ~ gb a ~ l a p( p - ) otuza:r Qutb 28.
sa:n b6r 'when beginning the zodiacal sign
allow 30 (?degrees) each' do. VJII L,zoj
a,o,o, 0. Klr. r,y ff, kirk ylf 61 tutdu:rn
I' leg.;
Pass. f. of bogu:-. U ~ g vrrr ' f.ff.ofCiv.
*bogu1-
kim
b o ~ l u n uu m a s a r '(a woman) who canrlot
bagladlm forty years I held the
give birth to her child' H I 107
realnl and led the people' Ma[. 4 j , 4 (Shcher-
b a r s revised text): Xak. xt e r I:$ bag1a:dl: T r i s . B$L
'the man began (bado'a) the work' (bag1a:r);
and one says 01 y0:1 bag1a:dl: dalla'l-prig D bugtltk Flap. leg.?; A.N. fr. 1 ~ u $ I 'bad
:
'he showed the way', and one says 01 sii: temper'. Xak. K B 335 (6let-).
bagla:dr: 'he commanded (qdda) the Army'
K~~ 111 291 (bag1a:mn:k): ICB (let the gate- E b u ~ u l i 3 s : nin Kay. 11153, 26 is an error for
keeper get up early and) k a p u g baglasa yU9~'g":".
'supervise the gate' 2536: xrv Muh. ibtada'a T r i s . V. BgL-
'to begin' bagla:- Afel. 21, 12; Rif. 102: Gag.
sv ff, bagla-(-p) iblills ey/e.. . . tua klrlavuz D boglai2larl- Hap. leg. ; Refl. Den. V. fr.
boSla:e. XnJc. st er 1:Sda: bovlaglandl:
,,I-, ."I 'to begin . .. to show the
~ 7 ~129(quotn,);
1, bagla- (I) fllrli~ hardan 'the man acted reclzlessly (ralaawruara) in the
'to t)ermin'; (2) nrrr~nrcnccj/l s,j.r,nn 'to direct "latter) and did not take advice' Kaf. II 272
to,vnr,is' ; (3) bnb,di hard(]" ( b ~ . ~ f n E l a l l u :boglai2lanma:k;
r, prov. (box-
guidev; (4)
l-li~l; hardan travel* ,yon. Izzv. (quotns.); ~ u k l a l l - ) ;correctly spelt bo- everywhere).
a.0. do. 123r. 26 (basear-): Xwar. xrv
bagla- 'to begin' Quth 28; MN 60, etc.; Dis. BSM
Nahc. 7, 5: Kom. xrv bagla- to begin; to ?Db a g m a k 'shoe, slipper'; prima facie a Dev.
lead' CCI, CCG; Gr. 52 (quotns.): KIP. N. fr. *ba$-, possibly a Co-op. f. of ba:-
urlt ol-furl:' 'to begin' bs:pla:- Hotl. 35, 15: giving the sense of something tied together, or
x~v(ba:g'head', hence) basla- ibtada'afd. 31 : , tied t o the foot. Its relation to 2 bagak is
uv 'for the concept of "to begin (li'l-jurli') to obscure. Survives in NW Kaz., Kumyk, Nog.
do snmething, etc." they use ba$ln- following (fr. which it has become a I.-w. in Russian);
the Infin. in the Dal.' Kuu. 30, 7 (quotns.): SW Az., Osm. Tkm., and the Den. V. bag-
iljtndo'a roo anja'a (ditto) bagla- Tuh. 6h. '3, m a k t a - 'to sole (a boot, etc.)' in N C Ktr. T h e
s.o.0.: O s m . XIV bagla- (normally 'to begin') origin of the Cali. second meaning 'a one-year-
'to lend, guide' in several X I V and s v texts TTS old calf' which survives in N C Kzx., NW Kk.
,
11 115; 111 72. b o s p a k is obscure. See Doerfer, I1 144, 841.
2 baSln:- Den. V. f r , 2 bs:S; OBuz b a ~ m a knl-ntih'ah a low shoe,
N,o.a,b, (Xak.) urv Mt,h,(?)cam!la 'to jvound' "lipper' K'l~. 466: Cisi1 bagak al-7r1iR'ab;
baigla- ~ g ,07 , al-nlncrli!l ba:vlamlg the ORuz and K l ~ c a kinsert - m - in it ~ n sayd
146: KIP. urll cnrfi!la ba:@a- Hot{. 35, 15. b a ~ m a k(Ar. parallels of inserted -nt- quoted)
I 378; 111 4 r 7 (borsmuk): xlv Mllh. a,-
1) b a ~ l a t -Caus. f. of 1 bn9la:-; 'to order to - t t ~ m ~ a'ak Baghdad sandal' b a g m a k Mel. 67,
begin', etc.. with some extended meanings. 9; Rif. 167 (also a/-ask?if 'shoemnker' bag-
S.i.s.1n.l. See Doerfer I1 699. Xak. xr m e n m a k q ~ :56, 12; 154): Gag. xv ff. b a g m a k
o9ar I:$ b a g l a t t ~ m'I ordered him to begin ( I ) ,q:is8ln-i yakrrila 'a one-year-old calf'; (2)
(bi-ibdd') the task' Kaf. II gqr (baglatu:r, kaff 'shoe, slipper' Son. 124r. 16: Kom.
ba$latma:k): QaE. xvff. baglat- Caus. f.;, xrv 'shoe' b a g m a k CCI; Gr.: KIP. xttt
'to order to begin. direct, guide, or travel' 01-snrmrica 'slipper' bagma:k (and izllk)
San. rzjr. 25: Ktp. xv (in a list of Caus. f.9 Ifou. 19, 5; XIV b a g m a k at-rnadcs 'slipper',
oriyinally bagmak Id. gz (false ety~rlologyfr. rect (rakika) dialect of Arbu: hky. II 142
bas-): xv of-mrn~ricabagrnak Kav. 64, 2 ; (bogunu:r, bogunma:k; in this case the -9-
rnrnr~iznh a g m a k Tuh. 18a. 5-6; ntadas ditto is unvocalized; the spellings bogan- must be
do. 34a 2: O s m . xlv ff. b a g m a k (sometimes due to scribal errors, cf. bogut-); a.0. II 238
spelt pagmak) 'shoe, slipper, sandal'; c.i.a.p. (bopgun-): Gag. xv ff. bogan- Son. 135r. 2
7'TS I 80; I1 I 15; I11 72; I V 83; (XVIII after (boga-): Kom. xrv bogan- 'to free oneself,
Gag., and in Rlimi 'a kerchief (dastmCli) that he freed' C C I ; Gr.: KIP. xtv bo:gan-
women tie over their heads' Son. 124r. 16 is intalaqa 'to be released'; also used for 'the
a misreading hy the author of yagmak). divorce of a woman (fi pldqi'l-mar'a) Id. 32:
O s m . xlv bogan- 'to be freed' in three texts;
T r i s . V. B$M- xvr 'to be emptied' T T S I 114; 11 161; IV
I) bagmakian- Hap. leg.; Refl. Den. V. fr. 120.
bagmak. O g u z X I e r bagmaklandt: 'the
man wore high-heeled shoes' @I-zarbtil) Kay. T r i s . B$N
II 274 (bagrnaklanu:r, bagmak1anrna:k). V U F ? biiginqek Hap. leg.; prob. a I.-w.
G a n c a k XI biiginqek 'unqGdu'1-'inab 'a bunch
Dis. BSN of grapes' Kaj. I 506
? bbginq the original Ordinal f. of be:$; D bogunqsuz Hap. leg.; Priv. N./A. fr.
fifth'. This shorter form n.0.a.b. ; the longer *bogunq Dcv. N, fr. bogun-. Tiirkii vrrr ff.
form beginqi: first appeared in K B metri Man. m u n d a g bogunqsuz yazuk yazm-
gratia and was universally adopted in the t l m l z c r s e r 'if we have committed such un-
rnedicval period. S.i.a.m.1.g. (some NE forms pardonable sins' Chuas. I 35 (so read).
are irregular). Tiirkii vrrr b6ginq 'fifthly'
(wc fought the Okuz at (PU) Ezgenti: Kadaz)
I N 7 ; iagzt:n y11 begin$ a y 'in the fifth T r l s . V. B$N-
month of the Swine year' II S 10; VIII ff. P U D bogun1a:- Hap. leg.; this word is
bbglnq a y Tun. I V I (ETY 11 96); Man. reasonably clear in the photograph, except
b69inq 'fifthly' Cltuos. 37; M III 19,z: Uyg. that the -1- might be -a:-; in either event the
VIII bbginq a y $21. E 3, 4, 9: VIII ff. Man. obvious explanation is that this is a Den. V. in
b6ginq Wind. 44: Bud. drtto PP 18, 2; TT -la:- (or -a:-) fr. *bogun Intrans. Dev. N.
V 10, I 13; 24, 54: Civ. bbginq a y common in fr. bog^:-. If so, it must mean something like
USp.: Xak. X I b6:ginq al-xdmis 'fifth' Kap. 'to live at ease'. Uyg. VIII Su. E 7 (bogun-).
I 132, 5; I11 449, 4: K B seviik yiiz u r u n d l
beginqi Sevit 'fifth Venus showed her lovely Dis. V. BSR-
face' 135: XIV Muh. of-xtimis bC:ginq Mel. S bagar- See bavgar-.
82, 9; Rij. 187 (with a refce. to the longer
form): KIP. xv 01-xdmis b6:ginci Kav. 67, D blgur-(p-) Caus. f. of blg-; lit. 'to cause
16; (in a list) beqinci (sic) Tuh. 6rh. 2. to mature', usually 'to cook', but with severs1
IT bagnak See bagtak. other meanings. S.i.a.m.1.g. w. the same
phonetic changes as blg-. Uyg. V I I I ff. Bud.
[gap] blgurup yegeymen 'I will cook and
Dis. V. B$N- eat' U I V 50, 128; a.0. U I11 65, 3 (ii): Civ.
D bogun- (bogon-) Refl. f. of bogu:-; 'to s o g a n n ~blgurup 'cooking an onion' H I
free oneself, to be freed', and the like. 128; 0.0. do. 178; 11 24, 48; Xak. XI 01 et
S.i.m.m.l.g., usually as bogan-. Tiirkli V I I I ff. b l p u r d ~ :'he cooked (tabaxa) the meat (etc.)'
hqan. t e ~ r i g e r i ib a r d a q ~b o g u n t a q ~'going Kaf. I 1 78 ( b ~ g u r u r , b1gurma:k): K B
tq heaven and freeing themselves (from sin?)' egitmig s6zini b r g u r d ~u z u n 'he reflected
Chuas. 225-6, 234-5; the refrain at the end of for a long time on the words that he had heard'
each section of Chuas. is yazukda bogunu 4883: xrv Muh. tabaxa bugur- Mel. 28, 8;
(itiiniirbiz 'we pray to be freed from sin' (VU) btgur- in margin Rif. 111 (bula- in
do. I 37. etc.; 0.0. do. 268-9; TT I1 8, 46: text); 8.0. 132 (only): Gag. xvff. bigiir-
Uyg. V I I I (I settled down there and spent the puxtan 'to cook'; although the Dev. N. blgtg
winter north of the Othken) yagtda: boguna: 'cooked' ends in -8, and therefore the verb
boguniadrrn 'havinp rid myself of the enemy ought to have back vo\%els(qcifi b@ad), in fact
I lived at case(?)' $11. I? 7: V I I I ff. &fan.-A the forms actually ugcd are irregular Son.
yazukda bogunmak bolzun M I 28, 23; 145v 8 (quotns.]: X w a r . xrv bigiir- 'to cook'
a.o. do. 29, 32: Bud. likiinii bogunu 'repent- Qutb 34: K o m . xlv 'to cook, bring to maturity'
ing and freeing ourselves (from sin)' TT I V biglir- C C I ; bigir- CCG; Gr. 60 (quotns):
4, 7 and 13-14: Civ. (fire has entered the Ktp. X I I I tobora biiglir- Hou. 34, 5: X I V
mind, anxiety exists) bogunguluk 'one must bigir- ditto Id. 32; bigiir- Bul. 57v.: xv
free oneself from it' TT I 20: Xak. XI ko:y xabaza ula sar~wd'l-{a'dm 'to bake, prepare
bogandl: 'the sheep was turned loose (istat- food' bigir- Tuh. 15a. 6 ; sawrod bigir- (and
loqa) and released (hullo) from its tether' tiizet-) do. 2oa. 2: ~nbasawa xabaza wa rauwd
(boganu:r(?), bogunma:k (sic)); and one biqir- (in margin bigir-) do. 24a. 6: O s m .
says tUgii:n bog and^: 'the knot came untied' xrv ff. bigiir-, less often bigir- 'to cook;
(ruahot); and one says ura:gut bog and^: 'the bring to maturity', c.i.a.p. TTS I 104; II 154;
woman-was divorced' (tuNiqat) in the incor- III 105; I V I 14 (?read pigiir-lpigir-).
 DIS. B Y L
ba:yr- istoin6 fd. 37; istajjna' zva uJfa'a ('to
increase one's property') bayl- Uul. z6v.: xv C bayak See baya: and baya:ki:.
the Den. V. fr. bay is bayl- Tuh. 83b. 10:
O s m . xrv to xvr bayl- 'to become rich' in baylk 'true, reliable'. Specifically ORuz;
one or two texts TTS I 84; I1 121; 111 75. survives only(?) in SW xx Anat. S D D 176.
Cf. Fin. Oguz XI bayik so:z al-kaliiirrrr'l-
S boya:- See 2 bodu:-. -pidig 'a true word' Kay. 111 166: xrv hfrih.(?)
al-liqa 'trustworthy, honest' ba:y~k Rq. 147
Dis. V. BYB- (Mel. 52, I dogru:): Xwar. xrrr baytk 'cer-
VU boyba:- Hap. leg.; syn. w. borba:-, tainly' 'Ali 35: X I V ditto Qutb z s ; , M N 224:
but the position of the two verbs in the text O s m . xrv ff. b a y ~ k'true, certain , and the
excludes the possibility that either can be an like; common to xv; sporadic till xvrr T T S I
error for the other. Xak. XI 01 I : S I ~boyba:di: 84; 11 l ~ III~75;; I V 86.
'he was dilatory (rawwafu) wer the affair, and S bryrk See brcj~k.
careless about it' ( a a a l h t i ) Kay. III 310
(boyba:r, boyba:ma:k). T r i s . BY€
T r i s . 13YB D baya:k~:N.1A.S. fr. baya:; properly 'pre-
viously mentioned, forrner, recent'; also used
V U ? D baybayuk Hap. leg.; IIavas translates as an Adv. Survirrs in the same languages as
01-timawwi! 'a yellow bird of the passerine baya: and one or two more in the same groups.
family which suspcnds its nest from the boughs sometimes with extended meanings, e.g. SW
of trees'; if amended to *boybayuk this Osm. b a y a g ~ 'common, ordir~ary, rough,
might be taken as a Dev. N. fr. boyba:- with coarse', presumably through an intermediate
a ref. to the bird's careless nesting habits. meaning 'old-fashioned'. Uyg. vrrr ff. Bud.
Xak. xr baybayuk '01-tunamwi! which is a b a y a k ~beg ujek 'the five previously men-
bird that sings melodiously and builds its tioned letters' T T V 8, 50; bayaki teg et6z
nest slung from the bough of a tree in the t e g ~ i i r i i p'changing the body in the same way
shape of a basket' Kah III 179. as before' do. ro, roo, and ,I 15: Xwar. xrrr
bayagi d e g 'as formerly' Ali 18 and 50:
Dis. BYD xrv bayaki 'formerly' Qtrtb 25; Nahc. 55, 7;
baya:t 'God'. The distribution of this word 413, 6: Krp. xv sii'a m-diya 'the past hour'
is astonishingly limited; apart fr. its survival b a y a k Tuh. rgb. 12; m&fi ( b ~ l t ~i.e. r 'last
in SW xx Anat. S D D 176, where it is very ear') min s d h bayak do. 35a 9: O s m . xrrl
rare, it is n.0.a.b. It can hardly be connected to xvr bayagi 'former, previous' is common
with B a y a t the name of one of the Okuz T T S 1 8 3 ; II 119; III 74; I V 86.
tribes, mentioned in Kay., Sun., and other D baya:gut Dev. N./A. fr. *baya:-, Den. V.
authorities. See Doerfer I 1 819. Cf. tegri:. fr. ba:y; 'a rich merchant', standard transla-
Argu: xr baya:t ismu'llfil~ta'a'ld 'the name of tion of Sanskrit iresthi. Pec. to Uyk. Uyg.
God most high' Kay. III f71: K B bayat at1 vrrr ff. Bud. ~ i r e g t ibayagutlnr u g u g ~ n d a
birte siiziig bagladam I have h e w n my t u g m a k i 'rebirth in a family of rich merchants
story with the name of God' 124 (this was the (Hend.)' U I1 36, 36-7; ulug bay bayagutlar
original position of this verse; it was later do. 97, note I , 5; 0.0. U I11 80,20; USp. rotb.
repeated as verse r, but not in the Fergana 7 etc. (bediik); Srtri. 597, 22 ere.
MS.); a.0. 1021; bayat and u g a n are the
standard words for 'God' in K B : xrrr(?) At. b i r Dis. BYG
b a y a t 'the one God' 19, 283; a.0. 246 (but
I begins il5hl); Tef. bayat 89: Gag. xv ff. S beyik/biyik/biiyiik See becjuk.
b a y a t xudd 'the Lord' Vel. 133; b a y a t ( I )
xrrdawand ditto San. r28r. 3 ((2) and (3) are Dis. BYL
the tribal name): Xwar. x ~ bayat
v 'God' &IN ? F boyla: a high title, the exact significance of
145: (Kip.) xrv bayat (mis-spelt bajsm.) the which is uncertain; except among the Proto-
name of God most high in the language of Bulgar, n.0.a.b. Among the Proto-Bulgar,
Uygur and they are Turkistan (sic) Id. 37: where the word goes back to the earliest
O s m . xvr bayat is mentioned incidentally in period, at least to early IS, the boyla: seems
one text as 'a name of God in Turkish' TTS to have been next in rank to the xagan, see
111 7 5 0. Pritsak, Die bulgarischr firstenliste rtnd die
Dis. V. BYD- Sprache der Protobulgaren, Wiesbaden, 1955,
pp. 40, etc. The Western authorities point
D bayut- Caus. f. of bayu:-; 'to enrich, make firmly to -0- as the first vowel. The word is very
rich'. S.i.s.m.l. Xak. xr tegri: meni: b a y u t t ~ : old, prob. pre-Turkishand possibly Hsiung-nu,
'God most high enriched me' (n&tdni) Kay. I1 but has not yet been traced in Chinese texts
325 (bayutu:r, bayutma:k; kasta also placed regarding that ~ e o p l e . Tiirku vrrr Tofiukuk
below the -y-): Xwar. x ~ r r (VU) bayit- Boyla: Baga: T a r k a n II S 14; T 6 : Uyg. rx
ditto 'Ali 31: xrv baylt- ditto Qtttb 25: Osni. Boyla: KutluR Y a r g a n Sitci 2.
xrv and xv ditto in three texts T T S II 121;
IIl75. S boylug See bo:cjlug.
8811125
 DIS.
Dis. BYILI 'to pcrfornl rnrritorious dcrds'; buyan ecjgli
VUL) *boyum See m o y u m . k ~ l t n qand buyan agllur 'mrrit increases' are
con~tnrrnin '1'7'1 :tnd VII: Xak. xr muyn:n
brryrnul originally 'having 3 white neck', but ol-!oruEb 'recompensc, esp. for good deeds'
except in Koj. consistently used as the name Knj. 111 172; 3.0, do. 179 ( m u y a n g ~ l ~ kK) :U
of a bird. Survives only(?) in S W Osrn. buy- kigiler a r a k l m u y a n eclgiiliik 'tneritoricrus
mu1 'the hen-harrier, Circrts cyaneirs, or marsh dceds and goodness among nien' 3499; 0.0.
harrier, Circus certrginosrrs' (Red. 413). The 3976, j161, 5292, 5733, 6287: xrv Muh.(?)
Ca& word ktiykeneklkiikenek, with which al-jnwdh mu:ya:n Rif. 138 (Me/. 44, 15
Son. identifies this bird, is a 1.-w. fr. Mong. alglg): Xwnr. xttt(?) t a m g a bizke bolzun
kuykenek, which E. U. Ross in A Polyglot buyan kok biiri bolzungrl u r a n 'let merit
List of Birds in Titrki, Manchir and Chinese, be our famga and "the grey wolf" our battle-
Calcutta, 1909, No. 64 kb'kenek (sic) tentatively cry (Mong. I.-H'.)' Og. 88-9.
identities with 'the kestrel, Crrchneir finnior-
crrlus'. Tiirkii vrtr ff. kok buymu:l togan b o y ~ n'the neck', sonietin~csspecifically 'the
kug m e n 'I an1 a grey falcon with a white back of the neck'. S.i.a.rn.l.g., usitally as
neck'(?) IrkB 64: Xak. xr b u y m u l a t boyun, but with initial m - in Nli, NC. Uyg.
'a horse which has white on its neck' (fi vrrr K Bud. Sanskrit gritzrij.ri?!r 'on the neck'
'rrtrtrqihi ba.vri4); also used of sheep, etc. Ka$. b o y n ~ n d a : (p-) T T VIII G.66; slgun
III 176: Osm. svr ff. buyrnul occurs in beginig h o y ~ n ~kesip
n 'severing the nrck of
several texts, mainly dicts., usually as a bird the chicf of the rrl:trnl deer' U 1 I ;38, 133;
name, but in one with Kar.'s meaning of a iigiig boyun k111p 'n~akingthought the neck'
goat T T S II 164 (hoymul); IV 122 (ditto): T T V 24, 48: Civ. kulgak boy111 tiilep(?)
m u y m u l xvr ff. in dicts. translating words seeins to mean 'offering his ear (to cotnnisnds)
meaning 'kestrel' and 'sparrow-hawk' 11 700: and his neck (to work)' USp. 98, 27-8: Xak.
xvrrr m u y m u l (spelt) in R ~ i m iis kiiykenek, xr b o y ~ n'the neck (mqaha) of a man etc.'; and
that is a bird like a sparrow-hawk (biifa), ki the pommel (ya'ira) of a sword is called k111q
dum-i ti-rd ba-durn-i biiya !abt mi-k~tnand boynl: and that of a knife blge:k boynl:
'whose tail they fix like the tail of a sparrow- Kaj. I11 169; over 20 0.0. so~iletimesspelt
hawk(?)' Son. 321r. 8 ; 0.0. 3 0 7 ~ .25 (kiikenek, boyun/boyu:n in the MS.: K B boyun is
same translation); 31 rr. ro (kiiykenek, ditto). coinmon, I O I (eg-), 286 (blg-), 450 (eg-),
1037, 1431, 1437, 2154 (tikek), rtc.: xtrr(?)
Dis. V. BYM- Tef. boyun 'neck' 107: xtv Mirh. nl-'umrq .
Me/. 47. 7; Rif. 141: Gag. xvff.
VUD *boyma:- See boyrnag- k & T o y u n gardon 'neck' San. 1 1 2 ~ .27
(quotns.): Xwar. xrv boyun 'neck' Qrrtlr 37;
VUD *boymal- See moymal-. M N 254: Kom. s ~ vditto CCI, CCG; Gr.:
VUI) boyrnag- Recip. f. of *boyma:-, Den. KIP. s l r r ol-'rrnuq boyun Hotc. 20, 8: xrv
V. fr. *boyum (bofium), see moyurn. ditto fd. 37; dotnnnn 'to guarantee' boylndnn
N.0.a.b. Xak. rr r:g k a m u g boymagdr: 'the (mia-spelt bnyttrdo~t)01- Ilrrl. 56v. : xv 01-mqahrr
whole affair (etc.) was complicated' (ixfalata) boyun IGu. 60, 16; Tirlr. 16h. 7 ; 'irqdo 'joint'
k*q. III 194 (boymngu:r, boymagma:k); ( ? ) boyun (10. 240. 7: O s m . xtvff. boyun
y ~ bpo y m a g d ~ iltdtn'l-gozl
: fa-lri ynnprih 'the c.i.a.p. in several phr. including boyun ol-
cord wns tangled so that it could not he 'to punrantre: to undertake (to do %ornrtlring
straightened out' 11 227. 6. Ilat.)' 7'TS Ill;-16; 11 164-5; I11 109-10;
IV 123.
Dis. BYN S 1 boyun See bodun.
E bayln in Kap. III 20, 13 is an error for
yipin (ylpgin) and in Bul. 561,. for boyln. S 2 boyun See boyln.
S beyinlbeyni See *bPAi:. S baynak See *baiiak.
D 1 boynak (?boynok) Dim. f. of b o y ~ n ;
F buyan a metathesis (cf. kofi > koyun) of survives in NC IGr. m o y n o k ( I ) 'a narrow
Sanskrit ptrnya 'merit; meritorious deeds; the pass'; (2) 'a camel's neck, or the skin on it';
happy condition which results fr. meritorious Kzx. m o y n a k (2) and 'a nickname for a dog'.
deeds'; a Buddhist technical term, which The semantic connection of Kay.'s second
became a 1.-w. in Mong. (the occurrence in meaning is ohscure. Xak. xr boynak ol-
Xwar. is prob. a reborrowing fr. Mong.) and -1oniyn fi'l-cihril 'a narrow pass in the mnun-
became muya:n in Xak. N.0.a.b. Tiirkii tains': boynak al-'nziiya dfihbo 'a lnrgc lizard,
vrri ff. &Ian. Chuas. 141-2 (bligte:): vyg. an animal' Kar. 1111 175.
vtrr ff. Man. 01 b u y a n l ~ ~tiiginte
z as a
reward for those meritorious deeds of yours' S buynuz See *biiiiiiz.
T T 111 105; 0.0. M I 30, 7-9 (unlt-); T T
I11 169 (iig-); IX 96: Bud. (striving after) Dis. V. BYN-
buyan edgU k ~ l ~ n g l igke
~ g 'meritorious S beyen- See begen-.
deeds and good works' T T IP 12, 53; similar
phr. V 6, 40; 8, 74; VII 40, ~g etc.; Suv. I j r , D boyna:- Den. V. fr. boytn; sutvives only
6 ; j84, 12 a.0.o.: Civ. phr. like buyan k11- (?) in NC Krr. moyno- 'to he obstinate or (of
 V. nz-
gamma in Ursa Minor' Iki: boz a{ Dul. 2, 1 2 (after tag.) and in T k m . and R~iniibCz San.
(see note p. 22): xv (aftcr 'ice' bu:z) also 13qr. 4 ; bez ('in Rrimi' ?omitted) Rirbss,
'white' (01-nhyad) of horses, mules, and asses which they also call boz; in Ar. bazz Son.
K ~ ~58, v . 5; a.o. do. 50, 4; (amona cnlours of 14hr. 24.
horses) 01-abyad ma'l-ayltah boz; al-axdar
t e m l r boz (and k l r a{) 7'1th. qb. 4. Mon. V. BZ-
1 bu:z 'ice'. S.i.a.m.l.g.; in most languages bez- originally 'to shiver, tremble, shudder';
with m - ; Tkrn. bu:z. Xak. xr bu:z (hi'l- in the medieval period it came to mean 'to
-i$bd' 'with back vowels') a[-camd 'ice' Koj. III shudder at the sight of (something)' and
123 (prov.); I 186 (erug-) and five 0.0.: KB thence 'to feel aversion from (something), to
buz k a r toll 'ice, snow, and hail' 6013: xrv lose one's taste for (something)', and the like.
Muh. ol-!iic (~ropcrly'snow') b u : ~Mel. 79, Survives in these meanings in S E Tiirki; NC;
1 2 ; RV. 184; ditto in a list of words in which SC Uzb.; some NW languages, and SW Osm.,
wd7u is pronounced in the sade way as in Ar. T k m . Cf. titre:-. T i i r k u vrrr ff. Man. a n l n
5 , y; 75: Gag. xv ff. buz . . . ynx 'ice', also korkdr bezti 'he was therefore frightened
pronounced m u z , in Ar. camd Son. 134r. 7A; and trembled' 7'T I1 6, 32: Uyg. V I I I ff.
m u z yax, in Ar. catitd &. 319V. to (quotn.): Bud. (as the hour of death approaches, he lies
X w a r . xrrr(?) m u z 'ice', esp. in the phr. m u z on his bed and) tolp etBzi titreyiir bezer
t a g occurs several titnes in 05.: Kom. xrv 'his whole hody shivers and shakes' U 111
'ice' b u z C C ( ; ; Gr.: KIP. X I I I ol-cnlid 'ice' 43. 28-30; a.o. I V 48, 9 0 : Xak. xr e r t u m -
buz Ifoiou. 5, 9: srv hu:z (misdescribcd as 'with lugdl11 bezdi: 'the man shivered (irta'arin)
front vowel') al-calid fd. 30; 01-colid buz Utrl. because of the cold (etc.)' Kaj. 118 (beze:r,
3. 4: xv ditto Tirh. I I ~g;. 01-bard 'cold' bu:z bezme:k); a.0. I 385 (bezig): Xwar. xrv
Kav. 58, 5. bez- 'to be tired of (something Ahl.)' Quib
31; 'to shiver' Nahc. 152, 15: Kom. xrv 'to
D 2 b u z Iniperat. of bu:z-, used in the phr. renounce, relinquish' bez- C C I ; Gr.: KIP.
Uz buz in Tiirku and Uyg. See 2 UZ. xrv bez- taharm'o minhu 'to clear oneself
from something, feel an aversion from it';
F b o z 'cotton cloth'. A 1.-w. ultimately derived from the Pe. word bazar (error for
derived fr. Greek p6ooos (hussos) 'linen', but hi-zdr) al-mutaharri', with the -r omitted
the route by which it reached Turkish is fd. 31 (the phonetic resemblance between
obscure, see W, Rang, Votn Kn/~trtrRiscAcnzrrm bez- and bi-zdr is quite fortuitous): xv
Osmanische~IV(A.P.A.W. I ~ Z I )p., 14, note z. tabarra'a bez- Tulz. Ioa. 2 ; lamifa 'to feel
S.i.a.m.l.g., in nearly a11 languages with -0-, aversion' bez- do. 24a. 7 (yarsl-, q.v., is
but in one or two pronounced bez and in written in a second hand both below bez- and
'I'km. b i z . These forms may be due to the i n the margin).
late Greek pronunciation of the word, &so,
or the form which it took in Arabic bazz buz- (?bu:z-) 'to destrny, damage', and the
(he3z). Uyg. V I I I ff. Ilud. (write the dhdrani like. S.i.a.m.l.~.with -u- except in SW Osrn.,
on hirchbark, palrnlca~,es, paper, or) bazde Tkm. where it is -0-. Tiirkii vrrr altl: ~ u v
'on cloth' U I1 70, 5 (ii); 0.0. PP 2, 4 ( b o j u t - ) ; S o g d a k tapa: siiledlmiz buzdrmrz 'we
I'T VI 391-2 (Cggti:ti:); Ifiicn-ts. 1810, 2047: campaigned against the Sogdian~of the Six
Civ. h8z k a p q ~ r k t au r u p 'putting it in a Ilistricts (Chinese I.-w. chou) and routed
small cotton baa' If I 99; biiz 'cotton cloth', them' 1 E 31; evi:n h a r k ~ : n buzdrm 'I
and Innre precisely 'a bale of cotton cloth' is destroyed their dwellings and property' X I E
very common in IJSp.: Xak. xr bB:z (bi'l- 34; 0.0. I B 34; 11 E 24. 25, 37, 39: U Y ~ .
-ifnrdm 'with a front vowel') al-hirhds 'cotton vrir ff. Bud. v a r h a r s a n g r a m b u z d u m u z
cloth' Kaf. III 122; nearly 20 0.0.: K B soktiimiiz e r s e r 'if we have destroyed and
(however great a treasure of gold and silver pulled down monasteries (Sanskrit Hend.)'
you heap up) s a g a teggiisi o l iki boz iiluy T T I V 6, 39; 0.0. U I1 53, 4 (iii); T T X 190;
'the share of it that will come to you (in the commonest in the phr. buz- a r t a t - e.g. i i r t u g
end) is two cotton cloths (for a shroud)' I 420: tlcjlglartg a l k u e m g e k l i g t u g u m l a r ~ g
XIII(?)At. (rich hrocades are scarce) uquzl b u z d a ~ ta r t a t d a q t 'destroying and putting
biiz Bk 'what is cheap is cotton cloth' 480; an end to coverings, obstacles, and all painful
a.0. 354 (unlt-): srv Atrth.(?) nl-qrrtn 'cotton' rebirths' U II 33. 5-6; 0.0. Suv. 134. zo;
bo:z Rif. 167 (only): q a g . xv ff. biiz (imale TT V, p. 14, note Az3. 11 etc.; the words
ile, 'with -8- not -ii-') 'very thick cotton cloth' read t l n l bogup 'his breath is laboured' in
(penbe bez) Vel. 150 (quotn.); boz hirbds, in U III 43, 31 should prob. he read ttnt buzup:
Ar. bnoz Son. 134r 4 (quotn.): Xwar. xrv Civ. yiirek s l k r l m a k 'heart disease' and trn
keienlig b8z 'cotton cloth for a shroud' Nahc. b u z m a k (sic?, see above) are associated in
I 3 1 , 10: K o m . xrv 'cotton cloth' boz C C G ; H I 1-5: Xak. xr 01 e v b u z d ~ :'he destroyed
Gr.: Ktp. x ~ r rismu'l-xarriq wa'l-qirmdy 'a word (haduma) the house (etc.)' Kaj. I1 8 (buza:r,
for strips of cloth and cotton-stuffs' b6z; T k m . buzma:k): K R buql bolsa begler b u z a r
b6:z Hot(. 19, 10: s v .uirqa 'piece of material' beglikin 'if the begs become bad-tempered
baz Tuh. r 4 b 7; $aqqo nrinn'l-~ijfdh'a strip it destroys the nrle of the begs' 1414; 0.0. 1180
of clothing material' boz (in margin b6z) do. (ktiglig), 548, 882 (erinfi, 5263, 6056 (etqi:):
zra. 2 : O8m. srv to x v ~b6z 'cotton cloth' x ~ vMirh. ohfala mo ahah aha 'to render worth-
in several texts TTS 11 1 5 7 ; I V "7: xv~rr less, to plur~dcr' bu:z- hfel. 21, rq (only);
 RI O N .
mnrrlrrih 'plundered' bu:zm~g Alrl. 5 I , I r D heztt- lisp. leg.; Caus, f. of bez-. X a k , X I
(marilriihir'l-gfirn bu:zukm~:g I<$.147): Gag. t u m l u g ant: bezitti: 'the cold made him
x\'ff. buz- xarfih kardan 'to ruin, destroy' shlver' (ar'adahu) Kaf. 11 305 (bezltU:r,
Son. 133r. 2 j (quotns.): X w a r . rlrl(?) [yanr] bezltme:k) (and see bezge:k).
Uq b u z @ ~ l u kktldr 'he broke the bow into
three pieces' 02.343-4 (tcxt uncertain): XIV
buz- 'to destroy, ruin, hreak' Qrr~b36; MN L) bczetigse:k liap. Icp. and noted only in
77: K o m . xlv ditto CCI, C C G ; Gr. 70 a gramn~aticalsection; Dev. N./A. fr. a Ilesid.
(quotns.):.Klp. X I I I sorofo ntin farji'l-dahob Den. V. fr. *bezctlg, Dcv. N. fr. bezet-.
rca j a y r ~ h'to
~ give exchan~ein the sense of Xak. X I 01 evin hezetigse:k 'he longs to
giving exchange for gold ctc.'(?) ~ U Z -also , have his housc painted ('a16 fotiqiji'l-bayf) and
nl-nahb 'to plunder' and al-istilab 'to carry off' wishes for it' Kag II 319, 9.
Ilotr. 35, 20: rrv buz- ('with hack vowel')
oxndn'l-jay' %firato(n) 'to take something in Dls. B Z ~
a raid', also naqnda 'to pull down, break' Id.
t o ; naliaba buz- B~rl.8;r : s v buz- axraba ma 1) b u z u k Pass. N.1A.S. fr. buz-; 'spoilt,
hfsodn ('to corrupt, ill-trcat') Kov. 10, 4; ruined, cicstroyed', and the like. S.i.a.tn.l.g.,
nsrrrba buz- Trrlr. 6h. 13. sonietinics with the metaph. mvaning (of a
tnan) 'dissolrlte'. See Docrfer I1 787. Xmk. X I
buzuk ev 'a ruined (01-mtrnltnriiin) house'; and
Dis. BZA anvthing broken (mnhsrir) or ruined is called
\'Crl> h u z ~ :Ilap. leg.: unl-nralizccl; Ilrockel- b ~ i z u k KO$. I 378: KM (undrraranding)
niann and Atalay transcribed hizi:, but there s ~ n u k u gs n p n r o l b u z u k u g e t e r 'mends
docs not seem any hasis for this; the likeliest what is hroken and puts right what ia,ruined'
explanation is that it is a Ilev. N./A. in the 1858: Gag. xv ff. b u z u g wayrfina ruined,
sense of 'damaging, spoiling', and the like, fr. desolate' Vel. 150; buzug/buzuk fuflyrfir~a
buz-. Xak. X I buzl: 'the black (01-sarudd) Son. 134'. 15 (quotn.): Xwar. xlrr(?) buzuk
which appears on the surface of bread owing in 02. 367 is the name of one half of the Oguz
to burning' (mino'l-iIrtirdq); hence one says
etme:k buzt: boldl: 'the surface (01-u'ach) of
confederacy, the other being u$ o k ; as usual
it is explained by what is no doubt a false
the bread was burnt' (i!rtamqn) Kaf. III 223. etymology. Acc. to Arat, op. cit. note 367, this
narne occurs only in the Oguz Xan legend;
Dis. V. DZA- it is pentioned in the same context in Son.
134r. 17: KIP. xrv buzuk 'a word applied to
S beze:- no doubt a crasis of bepze:- (q.v. someone (or something?) who is regarded as
and also bedzet-); 'to ornament, adorn', and vile and strange (01-nrrrs~ahcani'l-m11sto~rob),
the like. S.i.s.ni.l. in all groups except SE. and whom they consider dumb' (osms (sic).
S n k . X I o l evin beae:di: 'he painted (naqnja) perhaps a corruption) Id. 31: O s m . xvrir
his house' (or sornethinp else) KO?. 111 263 bozuk in Rrinii 'a kind of musical instrument
(beze:r, beze:me:k): KH yngll k o k bezedlo with six or seven strings' SOII. 134r 17; a.o.
tiimen yulduzun 'Thou hast adorned the same n~cilnilip 7'T.F II 166; bozuk in its
Irluc sky with countless stars' 22; 0.0. 386, usual meaning seerus to be common.
3724 (bediz!, 5108: xrrl(?) At. bezeyin
kitHb 'let me adbrn the hook' (with praise of PUD h o z g a k Dcv. N./A. of EIahitual Action
m y king) J R ; -a.o.o. : Fail. s v ff. b6ze-(-di fr. buz- ; this seems the likcliest transcription
ctr.) hrzr- \'a rrr Z C ~ I I P IPI- 'to ornalncnt, adorn' of a \vord pcc. to IT!,^. Civ. and urcd only in
I'rl. 140; beze- firnstrrrt ditto Snn. 146r. 5 the phr. tln b u z g a k 'shortness of breath' (cf,
(quotns.): X w a r . srv.ditto Qrrfb 31: Ktp. xrv buz-). Uyg. vrrr fT. Civ. tln b u z g a k If f 60,
beze- zayyann 'to adorn' 111. 30: O s m . XIV ff. 162, 164 (1 bt-).
ditto; c.i.a.p. T T S 1 9 5 ; I1 135; I11 88;
I v 09. D bazga:n 'a blacksmith's hammer'; thus
spelt twice in Man.Uyr(. texts in which z a p
Dis. BZC is unlikely to represent -s- and also in Kaj.,
but the obvious explanation is that it is a Dev.
DF bozqi N.rlr. fr. b6:z; 'a weaver, or seller, N.i.4. of Habitual Action fr.. bas-, the -s-
nf cotton cloth'. S.i.s.m.l. Uyg. V I I I ff. Civ. I ~ a v ~ n been
g (exceptionally) voiced by the
epqi Icarahas bSzqi '(my) female slave, -g-. T h e translation in KO$., al-fats 'myrtle
a ~ ~ c a v r rUSp.
' 73, 4: F a g . svff. bozci berries', is no doubt an error for 01-&is 'black-
kirbfishfif 'a cotton cloth weaver' San. I 34r I I. smith's hammer'. See Doerjer I1 692. UyR.
V I I I ff. Man.-A 11d I 8, l o (01); a:o. do. 18.
Dls, V. BZD- 6 (ii): Xak. X I a/-fn!s (unvocalizcd. read nl-
S bezet- (beze:t-) Sec. f. of bedzet-, q.v.; -,fr~p) bazga:n I 18, 8; bazga:n (niis-spclt
'm order to ornament' etc. N.o.a.b. Xak. X I bnr8a:ri) a/-fats (read 01-fitis) 1 4 3 8 : ~ I Mrrh.
V
01 evin bezetti: 'he ordered thc painting (bi- niifrnqn kabira 'a larpe hammer' y a l t ~ u (Hap.k
-tanqi~)of his house' KO? 11 305 (beze:tii:r, leg.) bn:sgn:n M d . 61, 8 ; the same but the
bezetme:k); o.o., same translation, I1 318, first word i~n\.ocalized and with b - for y-
r I ; 319, J: @a. .;v ff. beget- Ceus. f.; drcista ( ?rend baltaquk 'sn~allaxe') and ba:sga:n
only in margin Rrf. 160: KIP. X I V basfin
knrtlon 'to have (sornethinp) ornamented' Sorr.
146r. 24. a tvord for a dog, tlcrived fr. bag- iayh'a 'to
 D I S . V. B Z L -
bring down', because it brings down wolves Osm. X I V ff. bezek 'ornament, decoration';
Id. 33 (etpmologically the same word). c.i.a.p. T T S 1 9 4 ; 11134; III 88; I V 98.
D bezig Ilap. leg.; Dev. N fr. bez-. Xak.
T r i s . BZG xr bezig nl-ri'da 'shivering ; hence one says
(I>) buza:gu: 'a calf'; a very old word ending 01 bezig bezdi: 'he shivered' Kaf. 1385.
rn -gu:. An carly 1.-w. in hlong. as hura'u
(Ifaenrsch 22). S.i.a.m.1.g. often much dis- D bezge:k Dev. N. connotinu Habitual
torted, e.g. NE Khak, plzo; Tuv. brza:; Action fr. bez-; 'ague, malaria'. S.i.a.m.1.g.
SE 'riirki rnozay; see Shcherbak I W , where except NE (in SW only Tkm.). See Dowfer
the suggestcd connection with b o : ~is very I1 825. Uyg. vrrr ff. Civ. bezgek e m 'a
improbable; Cuv. p a r u Ash. X 133. Cf. remedy for ague' H I 102; a.0. I1 10, 74:
ta:dun, tuge:. TUrkii V I I I ff. (a dappled Xak. XI bezge:k al-ri'da 'shivering' K ~ J .
white cow was on the point of calving . . .) 11289; (after bezit-) hence al-hrtmm(i'1-ndf;h
U r i i : ~esrl: 6rkek buza:&: ke1ii:rmi:~ 'she 'fever accompanied by shivering' is called
gave birth to a white dappled hull calf' IrkR bezge:k I1 305: Xwar. xrv bezgek 'fever,
41: Uyg. vrIr ff. Man.-A k u z ~buzagu 'a ague' Qtttb 30; bezgek do. 31: Kom. xrv
lamb or a calf' M I 8 , 4 ; 18, 3: Ihtd. (Sanskrit 'a cold fever' bezgek CCG; Gr.: KIP.
lost, but the contcxt is with elephants) x ~ vbezgek al-hummd'l-hdrida 'a cold fever'
bu:za:gula:r~ndrn(p-) TT VIII C.6; a.o. PP fd. 31.
77, 3-4 (entiir-): Xak. XI buza:Ru: al-'irl
'calf'(prov.): buza:gu: ttlr: al-cirhamn 'a tnole Dis. BZL
(or rat?)'; it in a small animal (rl'nrwyhhn) Kny. U bu:zlui: I'.N./A. fr. bu:z; 'icy, containing
1 4 4 6 ; three 0.0.: xrv Mulz. nl-'icl b1:za:gu: icel,and the like. S.i.s.m.1. U y g . v r ~ r f f Bud.
.
(v.1. buzaw) Me/. 71, I (only): Gag. xvff. (the ninth and tenth months) k a r l ~ j ibuzlug
buzagulbuzag (sic)/buzaw (all spelt) barn-i b o l u r 'become the time of snow and ice'
gdru wa gdwmiy wa kargadon 'the young of Suer. 590~4-5: Civ. (a man suffering from sun-
a cow, buffalo, or rhinoceros' Son. 134r 8 stroke) kii$e:k bu:zlug (p-) y 6 ~ l a gi$[ztin?]
(quotn.): X w a r . xnr(?) Of. 263 (u:d): Kom. 'should drink heavily iced ? ' TT V111 1 . 1 0
xrv 'calf' b u z a w CCI, C C G ; Gr.: Krp. SIII (the third word is Hap. leg. and phonetically
al-'iclic'l-fagir 'a small calf' buza:gu: Hou. obscure, perhaps a I.-w.).
14, 19: xv buzawu 'a small calf', also called
buzagu:; in the Kitrib Beylif.,t he same trans- D bu:zluk A.N. (Conc. N.) fr. b u : ~ ;'an ice-
lation and also waladu'l-ayyil 'a young deef' house'. Survives with the same meaning in
fd. 31; 'a large calf' buzagu: Bttl. 7, 10; a SW Osm. and l'km. (bu:zIuk). See Doerfi
younu deer' blzawu: do. lo. 15: xv 'a small I1 786. Xak. xr buzluk al-macmada 'an
sucking call' buzapu: Kav. 62, 3: Osm. xrv ice-house' Kaj. I 466: xrv Jfirh. al-ma_tloca
to xvr b u z a g u 'calf'; once in xv buzagl 'ice-house' bu:zluk Mel. 77, 10; Rif. 181.
T T S II 185; rv 138.
DIs. V. BZL-
l'ris. V. BZG- D(S) bezel- (beze:l-) Pass. f. of bezc:-; 'to
D buza:gu:ln:- Jlrn. V. fr.. buza:gu:; (of be nrnan~entcd, painted', etc. N.0.a.b.; in
P cow ctc.) 'to cnlvc'. S.i.s.m.1. w. phonetic
modern languages bezen- is used in this sense.
changcs. TiirkU V I I I ff. i l r i i : ~esri: ingek Xak. X I e v bezeldi: 'the house (etc.) was
buzn:jiu:laqr: bolrnr:? ' a white dnppled cow painted' (nuqiya) Knj. II 131 (beze:Hi:r.
was on the point of calving' IrkB 41 (the beze1rne:k): xrr~(?)T P ~72 . (edlet-): Gag.
form i s rramrnatically impossible, ? error xv ff. bezel-(-ip, etc.) bezen-, mtizeyyen 01- 'to
for buza:gu:la:da$x:): Xak. sr I*. III be ornamented, adorned' Vei. 141; bhzel-
91 (y6ni:-). d r a t a yrrdan ditto Sun. 146r. zo (quotns.).
D buzul- Pass. f. of buz-; 'to be destroyed,
Dis. BZC damaged',and thelike. S.i.a.m.1.g. w. the same
D(S) bezek (beze:k) N.Ac. (and Conc. N.) fr. phonetic changes as buz-. T i i r k s vlrl ff.
beze:-, q . v . ; 'ornamentation, painting, etc.; Man. tegri t a m g a s 1 buzultt e r s e r 'if God's
an ornamcnt'. S.i.s.m.l.g. in all groups except seal has been hroken' Chrtas. 188-9: Uyg.
NE. See Doerfrr 11 741. Xak. xr bezek nl- vrrr ff. Bud. yllkt p r e t bu:zlur (prc:slur)
-nag$ 'ornamentation, painting; an ornament, tamu:da: 'animals and ghosts are (?will be)
picture' in one dialect Kay. I 385; beze:k destroyed in hell' T T VIII N . r r : Civ. in
hn7r.a (oniission in MS.) I 412; 0.0. I1 99 a calendar tcxt Chinese p'o 'destruction'
(bezcg-): K B b u kiiktekl yulduz b l r a n c a (Cites 9,410) is translated b u z u l m a k T T
bezek 'of these stars in the sky some are orna- V I I r I , 7: Xak. X I ev buzuldt: 'the house fell
ments' (and some guides . . .) 128: xrrr(?) into ruin' (wariha); also used when someone
At. aglz ti1 bezeki 'the tongue is an ornament has destroyed it (Iradamakrr) (buzulur, b ~ z u l -
nf the mouth' 155; a.0.: F a g . xvff. b6zek ma:k); this verb is Intrans. and Pass.: and
firdyif 'ornamentation' Son. 146r. 27: Xwar. one says e r buzuldl: xitriba mdlu'l-roc111 'the
srv b6zek (sic) 'an ornament' Qirth 31 (and man was (financially) ruined' Kaf. II 131: KO
hezeklig 'ornamented'); Nahr. 380, g: KIP. buzulrnasu beglik bedukliik bile 'may
xrv .bezek nl-zayna 'ortinrnentatiot~' Id. 30: (your) rule and greatness not be destroyed'
39 2 D I S . V. B Z L -
941 ; o.n. 882 (crinq), 5 726: Gag. st. ff. b u z u l - D(S) b e z c n q (c~nvocalizedin the 1\15,, hut no
sorrih trrdon 'to he rrttned, de<trnyed' Son. doubt to be so rend) I>ev. N. fr. b e z e n - .
13.v'. 13 (quotns.): X w a r . srv ditto Qufb 36; N.n.a.b. X a k . X I h e z e n q 'a hank ($nhmcrr) nf
Nrrlrc. 21, 13: Klp. xiv (after b u z - ) the Pass. silk o r thread'; b e z e n ~'the natne of a plant
f. is b u z u l - in both sense? u.ridngdrotn(n) 'to (rroht) with a red stem and leal-es, which jirr~wa
h e taken in a raid' and nrrqidn 'to h e pulled anlong the vines nnd is eaten aa a drug' Koy.
dam, broken' fd. 30: xv snrrrha b u z u l - Tuh. 111 373.
l g a 10.
Dis. V. BZN-
l'I.11) boz1a:- (?bo:zla:-) (of a camel). 'to
hcllo\v\.',with some extendcd meanings; D e n , Il(S) beZen- Ilefl. f., often used as I'ass., of
\'. fr, *bo:z, a ditrerent ,vor(i from bo:z hem:-; 'to adorn oneself; t r ~he ornamented,
l , ~ . perhaps SE;
4Cre).', ~ . i . ~ . ~ , .except adorned'. S.i.s.rn.1. in all groups except NE:,
first is -u- in ~f.:, -o- (in -rkrn, 11~1al1yas I'ass. X a k . X I u r a : g u t hezcndi:
-o:-) c]selvhere. X a k . sr tit{r bozla:dl: 'the 'tlle wornnn adorned het.self' (tnhnrmcnt); and
shr.mmel (etc,) bellnIved' (magot) K"~. 111 291 one saps e v h ~ z c l l d i :'the house was orna-
(bozla:r, boz1a:ma:k); a.o. I 120 (agrn:-): mentcd' (-n.rrdn); the -n- (it1 the latter
xlv iWtllr. (?) 'orcn'l-mmnl 'of a carne], to instance) \vas chanped from -I- tioy. 11 142
h c l l o \ ~ 'bo:zla- Rif. I I 2 (only); 'ncic~~'/-carna[ (bezenii:r. b e z e n m e : k ) ; a.o. I f r 5 5 (kozan-):
h o : z l a m a k 124; r t ~ ~ ~ ' l ~ ' l - c nbo:zla:mak
fnnl b e z e n m e k t i l e r d u n y a 'the'earth wishes
r76: Gag. s v If. bozla-(-dl) 'of n,ourners, to adorn itsclf' 6 4 ; b e z e n m i g k e l l n t e Q 'like
tn groan arid lament \\.it11 B nielancholv voice' bride adr~rncd' 3567; a.o. 67: X u r n r . xlv
(quotn.); the word is used in this sense and h e z e n - (sic) 'to I ~ Cadorned' vtrlh 71: KIP.
also of a canlcl, 'to hellox%-'Vel. 150; b o z l a - X I V beZen- i z d ~ r t n'to be adorned' fh. 30: xv
'of a female camel, to h~~llorn, when calling its f"Z""f""qn 'to be ornamented' b e z e n - Tub.
!ouna', in Ar. !tnrrin; and mctaph. 'of mournem, '0% 55; =lrrc?uirln ditto do. 18a. 13: O s m . X I V ff.
to lament in a melanchol?- voice' Snn. 1 3 3 ~19 . heZen- 'to adorn oneself, b e adorned'. ctc.;
(quotns.): KIP. xrv bozla- rnili'l-carnal fd. c . i . a . ~ .?'TS 1 95 ; 11 135; 111 88; I V 99.
31: xv bn'hn'a 'to gurgle' bozla- (also calida
'to be frozen', i.e. b u z l a - , Den. V. fr. b u i z ) Dis. V. BZ$-
7'1ch. 8b. 7 : O s m . xlv and xv b o z l a - (once D(S) b h e g - Co-op. f. of beze:- ; n.o.a.1,. X a k .
b o z u l a - ) 'to bellow' i n one or two texts TTS sr 01 m a g s : b e z e k bezegdi: 'he helped m e t o
1 1 1 7 ; 11 166. paint (fi rroqp) the thing'; ~ l n oused for com-
peting K a ~ ' I 99 (beze~ii:r, beze~me:k):
\,[-11> bozlat- ]-Iap, leg, ? ; CIaus, f, "f bozla:-.
xak. ol botu:nl: bozlattl: 'he the G a g . xv ff. b C z e ~ - 'to he adorned (crfisla
J " ~ ~ ~ ) 146r' 23'
cnmt.1 colt (rtc.) hcllom' (or@) Knj. I I 341
(hnzlntu:r, boz1atma:k). 11 b u z u g - Co-op. f. of b u z - ; survives only
( ? ) in S W Ostn., 'Ilun. bozug- ' t o quarrel,
nis. UZN he cstmngcd'. X n k . XI o l m a r ~ a e: v buzucjdl:
S boz.1111 See h o g u n . 'he helpcrl mc to dc111olish:fihntfnt) the house';
a1.n uccd for rnnipctitifi Krrg. II c),,( h u r ~ ~ $ u : r ,
1:s hl1zl111( T r f . ) Scc yoc!tr~~ h~~zugma:k).
 INITIAL DENTIPALATAL AFFRICATE
Preliminary note. Initial q- is not very common KB,gav 'fame, reputation' is common, both
in Tirrki,rh as an original initial. Altlrough there by Itself (737, 1693, etc.) and in association
3 good r71idence that both l~nvoiced$ and voiced with kii: (87, 102, etc.) or 1 a:t (1924, etc.):
c existed in the medial and final positions, there xrrr(?) K U P P a t l qavlz8: x ~ Mtrh.
v (among the
words pronounced with -v in Turkistan and
is no evidrttce that there ruas ever a voiced -W in 'our country') a[-iamt 'fame' $a:v/qa:w
initial C-, see Studies, pp. 167, 170. There are Mel. 8, I ; Rif. 79: Gag. xv ff. $ a w limdza (the
many Secottdary initial C-s, q - v n n d J-s in somr quotn indicates '(bad) reputation') Sun. zo9v.
nod ern longunges, trsttally representing an 9 (quotn.): X w a r . xrv qav 'fame' MN 46 etc.:
originnl y-, less ojren an original s- or t-, with Klp. x ~ vqaw (c-) of-dacic 'bustle, uproar' fd.
some itlterchange betu~crrtthe Iltrce. Conc'ersely 47: OSm. xlv to xvlr qav initially 'reputa-
in some langttages C- has brcomr $-. TItere are tion' (neutral), later hardly more than 'news';
in Mong. nnd Pe. a ~ o o dinany words ruith common ttll xvr T T S I 1 5 e 1 ; I1 214- 15;
initial C- ruhick Itawe become I.-7u.s in Tftrkish I11 141-2; I V 158.
otrd haec erroncoirsly herit regarded as native F Caw I.-w. fr. Chinese ch'nn 'a paper currency
Turkish noords. note' (Giles 514); appears as a unit of currency
in late (?xrr~-xrv)Uyg. Civ. documents; also
Mon. CA used in Tag. since such notes were issued
V U $1: as such Hap. leg., but perhaps con- by the Mongols in their western dominions.
nected with qig, q.v. If as seems probable N.0.a.b. Uyg. vlrr ff. Civ. qaw is common in
2 ~1:k- is derived from this word it must hare USp. and, like ch'ao, seems to mean sometimes
had a back vowel, see also q1:la:-. Xak. xr $1: an actual currency note and sometimes 'ex-
01-irada' 'moisture'; hence one says GI: y6:r pressed in notes and not coin' (kumug), e.g.
ar& ttadiya 'moist ground' Kay. III 207. 12, 5 a l t ~yiiz y a s t u k q a w 'notes for (or
a sum of) 600 yartriks'; 1 2 , 6 bu qavnl "this
qu:/qii: N.0.a.b. X a k . xr qu:(/gii:) 'an Inter- sum'; 15, 8 ybglrmi y a s t u k ~ I t uJ g b a w
jection (trnrf) attached to Imperatives both q a w 'notes for twenty ya~ruksin heavy current
positive and negative in order to strengthen copper coin' (Chinese rh'nng t'ttng pao, Gihs
them' ('ald mo'nd ta'kid); hence one says kel 2,880 12,294 8,720); the word transcribed
qii: 'come at once!' and b a r m a : qu: 'do not quv in 54, 9 etc. is the same word: Gag. xv ff.
on any account go'. T h e word is not used q a w 'an oblong piece of paper which circu-
cxcept in conversation (fi'l-xi~iib) Kas. III 207: lated instead of gold in the dominions of the
~u:(/$ii:) an Interjection which alternates R'Iongol sans with a special mark and the name
(\~rtntih)with qu:(/qu:), one says b a r a l l gu: of the padi~dhinscribed on it'. They conducted
'gn s t oncc' and kel gti: 'come at oncc' I11 21 I . husiness with it. lUa$fef in the second colurne
of his History in an account of the cazu which
M o n . CB were current in the reign of GayxatG Xan
q?p Ononiatnpocic; f i t . is usually the only says that the shape and appearance of the cnw
carly authority for such words, hut they are were as fr~llows:around the face of an ohlr~ng
common in modern languages, though not piece of paper were mrittcn a number of words
always entered in the dicts. Xak. xr qap c?p in Chinese characters, and at the top '16 ilch
!tiLiya 'art waq'i'l-siyii! rua'l-fibi'l-jifrilt an illd AllGh, Iliubamntad rasiilu'l/8h, a metallic
onomatopoeic for the blow of a whip and coin' and below that was written irmerin
smacking the lips'; hence one says 01 e r u k ntrrp'(a corrupt Mong. phr.) in an oval below
q a p q a p yQ:di:,'he eat a peach smacking his the centre; they were in denominations fmm
lips' Kag. I 3 18. half a dirknm to ten dinars and h a ~ become
e
obsolete Salt. 2 0 9 ~ .10.
qa:v originally 'fanle, good reputation' with
a favourable connotation, later 'reputation' TIP (?q~:b)I-lap. leg.; perhaps the basic word
(good or bad), and finally merely 'rumour, of which p b r k was a Ilim. f. Xak. xr qlp
noise', perhaps owing to confusion with 'any thin slender branch' ( # I I ~ ) abbreviated
,
onomatopoeics like qap. Survives in NE Alt., (maq:tir) from p b l k , just as 'a ball' is called
J,ch., Tel. q a p R 111 1915; Tel. qu: do. 2164; to:b, abbreviated from t o b ~ kKaj. I 3 1 8 .
nar. t s n p I V 196; NC Klr. qu:; S W xx Anat. $11 (?qlv) Hap. leg.; onomatopoeic. Cf.
qav SDD 310. (Tiirkil v r ~ rqav, read in q~tt:la:-. Xak. sr qlf 'an onomatopoeic
T 7, 1x. 17 is an error, see qavug; 1x ff. Yen. (hik6ya) for the gurgling (jalaya'ir) of uine in
ditto): Xak. X I yadsu:n qavt:g bodu:nka: a jar and the like' Kaz. 1 3 3 2 .
'so that he may spread your fame (litnk) among
the people,' Kap. I 45, 22; k a l s u n q a v q F $ 1 (?q10)
~ Hap. leg.; prob. a I.-w. fr.
y a n n k a : so that your namc (isntrrk) may Chinese chi0 (Giles 2,215) 'horn, corner';
remain. until the morrow' I1 250, 5; n.m.e.; 'three chio' and 'four chio' are common phr,
for 'triangu!ar' and 'rectangular' in Chinese. a.o. I1 149, 1 2 ( q a p ~ n - ) :KB (some birds rise.
U y e . VII! ff. Civ. (as for the golden food-vessel some settle) kayusr qnpar 'some swim' (and
(kiizeq) it is a solid vessel) t a r t u l u g cpw- some drink water) 73: XIII(?)Tef. yap- ( I ) 'to
l a r d s belgiiliig idig o l 'it is a vessel dis- strtke (with a whip)'; (2) 'to hurry (Intrans.)'
tinguished by its four great corners' TT I 357: Gag. xv ff. cap-(-tr etc.) ( I ) se~irt-'to
I 89-91. run, gallop'; ( 2 ) bay hes- 'to behead' Vel.
228-9 (quntrls.); Cap- ('with q- -p-') ( I )
F 1 quv Hap. Icg.; I.-w. fr. Chinese choir tdxfntt ha-ma'na dawrdnn 'to gallop'; (2) da-
'district' (Giles 2,444) This identilication was wdnida?! 'to cause to gallop'; (3) trixton ha-
made by S. G. Klyashtornyi, Drmnetyurkskie -ma'nd@al kardan 'to raid, plunder'; (4) 'to
rrtrricheskie pamynfniki, Moscow, 1964, p. .gq. strike with a sword, to wound, to sever with
TUrkii vtrl altl: quv S o g d a k 'the Sogdlans a single blyw' Son. 2 0 3 ~ .I I (quotns.): Xwar.
of the Six Districts' I R 31. xlv qap- to hurry; to stnke; to sever' Qrrtb I
39:*Krp. xlv Tap- ('with -p-') daraba wa
S F 2 quv See Caw. qafn'a hi-marra w 3 i d a 'to strike; to sever with
q8:b originally 'sediment, dregs', and the like; a single blow' Id. 41: xv 'to drive (sriqa), in
hence, more generally. 'something worthless, the sense of driving livestock' qap- (sic) Kau.
rrthbish', and hence, more specifically, 'splin- 78, 3: O s m . xrv ff. Gap- (I) 'to attack, raid',
ters, bits of chaff, straw', and the like. common in XIV and xv, sporadic later; (2) 'to
S.i.a.m.l.g. in the last meaning, with some gallop' and more generally 'to hurry' fr. xv
phonetic changes. See qiibik. Uyg. vrll ff. onwards; (3) 'to make (a horse) gallop' fr.
Bud. kaltnqu q8b 'the period of residues xvl onwards TTS I 147; 11 210; I11 140;
and dregs' Hiien-1s. 2011 (see note thereon, I V 156.
the Chinese original reads ltsiang yiin chih mo *$iv- Sec qivgin.
'the end of the period of formalism', i.e. the
beginning of decadence): Xak. XI c a b
drrrdi~~r'l-xnmr 'the dregs of wine', also 'akar D~S. cnn
hrrlI yay' 'the residue of anything'; hence 'the V U ?F qava: Hap. Irg.; prob. an Iranian I.-w. 1
dregs of the population' (hujrllatu'l-ncir) are cognate with Pe. cawdn 'young'. Xak. xr
called qiib yeb (so vocalized) kigi:le:r; (qtp qava: min armd'i'l-fitydn 'a boy's name' Kap.
follows here); qBb 'any piece of noodles' (tut- 111 225.
mdc); one says b l r $6b y6:gil 'eat a little
noodles', also used for pieces of vermicelli P U ? F civi: Hap. leg.; the single kasra under
or macaroni (01-latit wa'l-itriya) KOJ.I 318; the word might belong either to the C- or
qo:b !tiJ bull jay' wa 'ariruhu 'the sediment to the -v-; possibly an Iranian I.-w. with
and expressed juice of anything'; one says an initial dental converted to an affricate,
uziim q8:bi: faciru'l-'inab 'grape juice'; ya:g cf. Iranian daevn 'demon' (Pe. dpv). Xak.
q6:bi: 'akartr'l-drrhrr 'the sediment in 011'; X I civi: 'the word for a class of demons'
bo:r $ o b i : drrrdiyrr'l-xnmr 'the dreas of wine' (!tizl~i'i-cinn). T h e 'l'urlcs assert that when two.
(etc.); tutmn:$ yobi: 'the word for any piece communities (can1'aj.n) f i ~ h t one another,
of the douph of nlacaroni or vermicelli' I I I before the battle the demons which inhabit the
119; a.o. 11 346 (suvlat-): Cng. s v ff. qbp territories (milZyn) of these two communities
('with -p') .wrijrfk 'ruhhish' Son. 2 x 1 ~ .3 fight one another furiously on behalf of the
(quotn.): Kom. XIV tirki q6bii 'the residue human owners of the two territories; and
of a sacrificial offering' CCG; Gr. 76 (quotn.): whichever of them wins, the victory goes to
KIP. xlv qob (c-) qaJj 'rubbish' Id. 41 : O s m . the owner of that territory on the next day;
xv and svr qbp 'rubbish' and the like in several and whichever of them is defeated on that
phr. TTS I V 182 (the supposed occurrence in night, defeat comes to the ruler of the con>-
III 160 seems to he an error for Pe. rtib munity of the territory inhabited by that class
'a stick'. a word sometimes confused with of demons. On the night before the encounter
this one). (01-mo'rid) the Turkish armies hide themselves
and go into their tents to take cover fronl
Mon. V. CB- injuries hy the arrows of these demons. This
is well !mown (ma'rtij) among them Knj.
r a p - an onomatopoeic verb (cf. cap) with I11 225.
several meanings both Trans. and Intrans.,
the onlr connecting link between which seems VU ?F?S ~ U V I : Hap. leg.; a I<llotanese word
to be -that they all describe noisy action. might be native Saka, the language of that
S.i.a.m.1.g. w. some phonetic changes and area, o r corrupt Turkish; as the Tiirkii order
several different meanings. Xak. XI er suvda: of precedence seems to have been xagan-
qapdl: 'the man swam (snbnltn) in the water'; ad (and t6gin)-yaben: (q.v.) it is possible
and one says 01 atnl: qrbrk blrle: qapdl: 'he that this is a corruption of the last word.
struck the horse lightly (daraba . . . xafrjca(n)) Xotan X I ~ V I 'a: title (Iaqab) given to R man
with a stick'; and one saps q o m a k t a t boyncn who is two steps helow the xfiqiin (ba'da'l-
capdy 'the Moslem struck the neck of the -x@n bi-daracatayn) in the order of prece-
unbel~ever' in Uyg.; and one says e r evin dence(fi r a m ) of Xotan; uta Ii'l-trrrk rasrrr fihi
p p d t : 'the nlan plastered (In!nxa) his house 'the Turks have a (si~nilor)nrdcr of precedence'
with clean mud' Kny. I I 3 (qapa:r, q a p m g k ) : KNJ. 111 2 1 5 .
 Dls. CBC the man to bite him' [this is the clear meaning
of the Ar., but the meaning to he expected &
S qeplq See qepig. 'he egged on the dog to bite the man'); and
V U ? F qowa:$ 'a royal parasol'. No doubt one says b e g a n l o boynln qaplttt: 'the beg
a I.-w., esp. considering the -w-, but of un- ordered that he should be struck on the neck'
known origin. N.0.a.h. Xak. xr karwt: (mis- (bi-40th 'unuqihi) in Uyg. Kat. II 298 (cap]-
vocalized krtrzm:) q o w f i : ~ kuruldr: nrrjirat tu:r, cap1tma:k): X w a r . xlv qaprt- 'to make
,fill* qubbattr'l-molih 'the royal parasol was set (the heart) beat' Qutb 40.
up there'; this is a parasol made of silk for the
kings of the 'I'urks under which they seek shade D qaptur- CPUS.f. of s a p - ; s.i.s.m.l. with the
in the summer heat and take shelter from rain same range of meanings as Tap- turned into
and snow Kay. I 195, r (s.v. uru1-); 0.0. I 1 Caus. Cf. q a p ~ t - . Xak. xr e r kulln suvda:
qapturdl: 'the man made his slave swim
7. 24 (kur-); 190, 11 (kurtur-); III 60, t (asbaha 'abdahu) in the water'; and one says
(yas-); n.m.e.: xrv Rbg. pl ediz k a k n i
iistide qowaq (?sic, R. cawac) klldl 'he made 01 an19 b o y n q qapturdl: 'he ordered that
the high heaven a parasol over hitn' R I V 59. he should he struck on the neck', in Uyg.;
and one says 01 evin q a p t u r d ~ 'he
: gave orden
P U ? F qavju: Hap. leg.; completely un- for the plastering (bi-tan~mih)of his house with
vocalized; entered under Z between siinzi: clean mud' Ka$. II 180 (qapturur, qaptur-
and kenzi: which suggests that the -1- ought ma:k): xrrr(?) Tef. qaptur- 'to make (a
to be -z- and the initial some letter later than horse) gallop' 357: Gag. xv ff.captur-(-dl)
sin, perhaps hiif; prob. a 1.-w. Xak. XI qavfu: segirtdir- ditto Vel. 228 (quotn.); qaptur-
'a tree with a red trunk and branches and bitter Caus. f. ;( I ) dawcinidan ditto; (2)tdxtfarmridon
red berries which grows in the mountains'; it is 'to order to raid or pillage' Son. 204r. 18
01-'anam (translated in the dicts. 'a tree with (quotns.): O s m . xrv ff. qaptlr- with the same
red fruit') to which the fingers of young two meanings in several XIV and xv and one
women are compared Kay. 1422. xrx text T T S 1147; II z l r ; 111140; I V 157.
Dis. CBD Dis. C B ~
S q a p u t See capgut. qabak ( ? f qapak) a small freshwater fish,
usually the bream' (Abranris brama).
V U ? F qiiwit some kind of dye-stuff prob. S.i.a.m.1.g. with much the same meaning;
mineral, perhaps a coloured earth; note that 1.-w. in Russian, chebak 'bream'. See Doerfer
Kaj. describes it as a generic term, not tied I11 1061. Xak. XI qabak 'the name of a kind
to a particular colour. Prob. a 1.-w., but of of small fish (samak ,ci.dr) in the Turkish lake'
unknown origin. Survives only(?) in NE Tel. (bi-buhaj~rati'l-lurk); hence a despicable (al-
qibit 'ochre', R 1112155 and SW Osm. qivid/ -no&) man is metaphorically called qabak e r
qivit 'indigo . For the last meaningcf. m a r a z . Kay. 1 381: Gag. xv ff. qabak (so spelt)
Uyg. VIII ff. Civ. (as a remedy for weak eyes) mc2ki-yi riza 'a small fish' San. zo4r. 28.
ciivitni s u v k a s i m l e p kinlep a l ~ n k asiirt-
s e r edgli b o l u r 'if you crush (?, trend.) S 2 qapak See qelpek.
a blue(?) dyestuff in wsiter and rub it on the
q a v ~ g'a whip-lash'; in II 210, 18 spelt pgifi.
forehead they get better' If 1 157-8: Xak. X I yo doubt in error. N.o.a.b. Xak. XI qavtg
klztl qliwlt a[-nincarf 'cinnabar'; a1 qiiwlt apabatu'l-sawt 'a whip-lash' Kay. I 374; 0.0.
at-isranc 'red lead, vermilion'; ki5:k ~ B m i t I1 210, 18 ( ~ e r m e q - ) ;231, I (qermel-).
01-liizaward 'lapis lazuli'; ya:glt qiiwit al-
-zinccir 'verdigris'; Sa:rlg qiiwit a[-m'rnix D qlblk IXm. f. of qrp; 'a tod or stick', esp.
'yellow arsenic'; qlivit a dialect form (lufa a flexible one. S.i.a.m.1.g. with a rather wide
fihi). Know that ~ i i w l is t a generic term (ism range of phonetic changes, in SW Tkm.
cdini') for all these dyestuffs (al-alwcin), it is p b l k ; the Osm. form qubuk prob. due to
differentiated by mentioning the individual a supposed connection with Pe. pib, same
colour with it Kay. III 162: (Gag. xvff. meanmg. See Doerfer 111 1059. Uyg. ?trv
yewek ('with -k') reng 'colour'; for example Chin.-Uyg. Dicr. chih 'a branch' (Giles 1,875)
k a r a ~ e w e k'black coloured', krzll qewek qtblk Ligeti 151; R III zopg:,Xak. xr qtblk
'red coloured', also used for a cloth which 01-qadibrr'l-ra!l nrina'l-a&dn a fresh stick
women wear on their heads, and a fabric (taken) from tree branches' Kas. I 381; am.
(gum@) if it is of one particular colour Vel. I1 3 (qap-): Gag. xv ff. qubug/$ubuk 'a
236 (quotn.); qewek lawn wa ran+ 'colour' fresh twlg (jax~n);a thin, flexible stick' ( ~ i i b )
(quotn.); also used for rangin coloured' San. 211 v. 13: Xwar. xrrr(?) d a l q qubukr
(quotn.) Son. zogv. 18; Cewek is otherwise 'a willow shoot' 02.30: Kom. xlv 'twig, rod'
unknown and perhaps an error for this word): q ~ b u k l q t b u x CCG; Gr.: Klp. xrtl al-fusn
O s m . XVIII qiwit (spelt) in Rrimi, 'indigo' wa'l-qadib q1:blk Hou. 7, 1I : XIV qlblk al-
(nil) with which they dye clothes Son. zzzr. 8. -qadib i d . 41: O s m . xv qlbuk b a r k 'a tall
pointed cap1(?) T T S III 149.
Dls. V. CBD-
qlvga: See Glvga$l:.
D qaplt- Caus. f. of Gap-; n.0.a.b. Cf. Gap-
tur-. Xak. X I ~tkilg1:ke: qapjtli: Jramala'l- PU sufgn: (?quvga:) an old word ending in
-knlbu'al~i'l-inmnli-ya'n~daltri'the dog attacked -ga:: the -f- in all the spellings is prob. an
 error for -v-. N.0.a.b. X a k . xr qufga: 'a h o n e j~rjulic fruit'; glb1ka:n 01-drr~rral 'a Iioil', it
which a fast post-rider (nl-hnrid~i'l-mrisri') resenil>les a jujube fruit in its redness Kag. I
takes on the road and ridcs until he finds 448: x ~ v11lrih. 01-dritrrmnl q1:ba:n Mrl. 65, 3 ;
another' Knj. 1 424: O g u z / K ~ p .X I gufga: N i f . 164: (ha. s v ff. q t b a n (spclt) 'a linil or
nl-dolil tcn'l-qfi'id 'a guidc, leader', and in the pustule (qorlm) whicli appcars on the limbs' I
prov. k a l ~ nku1a:n q u f g a : s ~ zbo1rna:s 'there .Sari. 2 1 5 ~ .14: X w a r . x l r ~ ( ? )(they cat and
is no herd (xnn:tiln, mis-spelt) (if wild asses
\vithout a guide and leader' (rinlil ma hddi)
Kag. 1424.
drank various kinds of fo(>ctand wine) gubu-
y a n l a r k t r n l z l a r 'jujuhe frl~itsand konnrisr'
Og. 93-4: KIP. xrll 01-driiirinol ( b a : ~ ) 'I'km. ;
1
i
q1ba:n (vocalized fnhn:rr) [Io~r. 33, 5: xrv
? U g a p g u t perhaps Dev. bi. fr. gap-, hut q ~ b a : nal-dtmr~rmlfd.4 1 ; Rtrl, 1 0 , z.
the semantic connection is remote. Survives
only(?) in N C Klr. q a p a n g a p k l t 'outer T r i s . V . CBC- i
clothing'; g o p k u t 'body armour', and S W
Osm. q a p u t 'rag, patch; gore, gusset'. T h e D y1blkla:- Den. V. fr. q l b l k ; s.i.s.m I. with
original meaning may have been 'a quilted sorne phonetic changes, usually for 'to heat
coat', cf. yalrna:. See Dorrfer 111 1082. Xak. with a stick'. X a k . xl 01 a t l n qlb1kla:dr: 'he
X I q a p g u t nl-irn$iyo 'a padded garment' beat hls horse w ~ t ha freshly-cut switch' (bi-
Kng. I 451: KIP. urv q a p u t (c-b-) al-hrrdma -qndib nd'lm) Kng. 111 337 ( q r b ~ k l a : ~q ,~ b ~ k -
'a patched garment' fd. 41. 1a:ma:k).
Dis. CBC;
Dis. V. CBG-
?S q e w e k Sce qiivit.
1) g a w k - Intrans. Den. 1 . fr. ~ R : v ;'to be.
'
become, fan~ous'. N.0.a.h. Uyg. V I I I ff. Bud. V U qibek pec. to ICnj. mid uscd only in the
u t m t g q a v ~ k m l g v n c l r p s a k l l g 'the vic- phr. qibek klrgu:y 01-j*ii'ytr' proh. 'the mcr-
torious and fanlous waira-cro\vned' (Sanskrit lin', as opposed to klrgu:y, by itsclf, nl-bfigiq
and Sogdian I.-m.s) U 11 59, 4 (iii): X a k . xr 'the sparrow-hawk'. 'I'here is an entry (VU)
e r q a v ~ k t t :jarn li'l-mcrrl sit 'the man became qiipek fikdrn-i nnr 'a malc bird of prey' in the !
fatnous' Knj. I1 I 17 (qavtka:r, qav1kma:k): Cnlcrittn Dict. ( R 111 2201). hut it does not
K B a j u n d a q a v ~ k m r g'famous all over the occur in any other CaQ. authority, and its
world' 406; similar phr. 1928; isizke g a w k - origin is obscure. Xak. X I qibek klrgu:y
m t y kigidin y t r a 'keep away from a man who (~nisvocalized Kargrr:y) a/-ytr'yrr' Ka?. I 388;
is notorious for his wickedness' 4238: X w a r . a.o. (q- unvocalizcd) III 241 ( k l r g u : ~ ) .
XI^ qavuk- 'to be famous' (and g a v u k t u r - 'to
make famous') Qtrth 42. PU qiibek Hap. leg., but such words are often
omitted in the dicts.; perhaps an earlier form
T r i s . CBC of the syn. word qiik which s.i.s.m.1. including
S W Osm. See Dotvfer I l l 1140. X a k . xr
I) qtvgaql IIap. leg.; N...\g. fr. qlvga: which qiihek fnjqnlntrr'l-~nbi 'n boy's penis' Knj. I
sur\-i\.rs only(?) ill SW Osni. and xs Anat. 388: (KIP. XI\. qiik 01-&~knr inrrqn‘bilrr'l-fort
\\,here it, and the Sec. f.s in thc I:ltter ( p v k n . 'penis' npposite to 'vagina' fd. 44).
q ~ v g a r ,q l v k a r , etc.), have a wide range of
mranings, 'thin, weak' ( R r d . ) ; 'a cc~~v's horn' D qiibik llitn. f. nf qii:b. N.o.a.h. 'I'he
.
(Snnri);
,
'thin; shoot, sucker', etc. ( S U D 346).
I he N.:IC try its context f>bviauslyrelatcs to
passngr in ( J I 14, 3, left utrtr:~tlslotedthere,
is discrrssrd in s nnte in U I I 91, where it is
catching birds, possihly hy scme sort of trap pointed out that b4g qiibik is a translation of
contrived hy using thin twigs u n ~ l e rtension. thc Chinese plir. 'thc five chn, impurities'
IJyg. vrtr ff. Hud. (if \ve have heen butchers, (Cilrs z,qoy), see Soothill and I lodous,
poultr!--krcpers, pip-keepers, or fishem~en) .4 1)iclionnr.v o/ Chinese Bu(ld11ist Trrn~s,Lon-
keyikqi agql t u z a k g ~b o l t u m u z e r s e r torgt don, 1937. p. 4480. Uyg. vlrl ff. Bud. b u
qlvgaqc kugqt (iterqi, q.v.) .. . boltumuz kelyiik b u l g a n y u k - bdg qoblk y a v l a k
e r s e r 'if we have heconie wild game (Hend.) iidteki 'living in this present confused evil
hunters or trappers; if we have~becomehird period of the five impurities' U I 14, 3 (cf.
netters, hird snarers (?), \\-ild-fo\\-krs . . .' TT similar hr. under g6:b): X a k . X I $6bik (sic)
I V 8, 56-8. 'the d e l r i s (nl-fatngc) which is thrown away .
after fruit has bccri eaten'; the 8- is changed
I'UF g l b ~ k a : n ,etc. lit. 'a jujuhe fruit, Zizyphus from q- Knj. 1330.
c.trlxnris'; hence metaph. 'an inflamed boil or
ulcer'. No doubt a 1.-w., prob. of Indian origin, F qawga:n See qiigen.
which explains the variations in spelling. I n
the medieval- period the -k- \%?asvoiced and D givgin Dev. N./A. fr. *qiv-; n.0.a.b. X a k .
ultimately elided. Survives only(?) in S W XI givgin a9 ol-ta'dmrr'l-nfici'Ir'1-rnrisnnrmirt
Osm. q l b a n ; Tkm. g1:ban 'boil, ulcer'. See 'wholesome fattcninR fnod'; and one saps
Docrfrr 111 I 151. UyR. vrlr ff. Civ. (VU) givgin o t 'a plant which fattcns cattle' Kns.
~ t l b n k a n 'jujube fruit' I f I1 22, 39: XIV 1 4 4 3 ; a.o. 1 4 4 3 , 2 3 (kevgln).
Chin.-Uy$. Dict. 'jujube fruit' g o b u g a n
I.igefi 153; R III 2185; 's\veetmeat' gtblyan T r i s . V. CBG-
(lo. 151; 2154: Xak. X I (under the heading 1) givginlen- Flap. leg.; IieR. Den. V. fr.
fn'filii~r,fo'il~it-K-) yrb1ka:n 01-'rrrtncil, 'the yivgin. X a k . XI 01 blr: a y g qivginlencli: 'he
 DIS. CBN
reckoned that this food was nourishina for the 'to he pillaged'; (3) 'to be wounded (zaxnrdZr)
body and wholcsorne' (tnrrsfih li'l-hndan irdci') hy a sword hlow and the like' Sun. 204r. 17:
Kag. 11 278 (qIvglnlenu:r, q1vginlenme:k; Xwar. X I V qapul- (sic) 'to be drivcn, set in
in all cases a dntnnta is inserted ovcr the -g- motion' Qtrtb 40: Osm. xlv qaptl- 'to be
by a lntcr hnnd, in addition to the original pillaged' in one text T T S I 146.
kasra). P U D qav1a:- Hap. leg.; the q- carries a fatha
INS. CBL in the Perf. and a damma in the Aor. and
Infin.; it lies between q1gla:- and $Inla:-; it is
1 qavlt: 'a falcon', precise variety uncertain. clearly a Den. V., but as there is no obvious
It occurs, mis-spclt qulr, in the xvrrr Manchu, base with -v- it is possible that this is an error
etc. Five 1-anguage Mirror, see E. D. Ross, for -k-, or -g- rnisvocalized; cf. 2 $@an-.
A Polyglot List of Birds in Tttrki, Manclru and Xak. X I e t qav1a:dt: 'the meat was spoilt'
Chinese, Calcutta, 1909, No. 61; Ross could (luhwtrqa), that is when it is not cooked soft
not get any specific meani& fr. the Manchu (lanr yana"anr ~ahsrrl~u) Kag. 111 296 (qov1a:r.
and Chinese equivalents and the 'Tibetan yovia:ma:k).
khra-fur 'a falcon' and Mong. goykrtr kar~igay
'gerfalcon, gosharvk' arc equally vague. Sur- II qavlan- Refl. Den. V. fr. qa:v; 'to he, or
vives in SW Osni. qavit 'a young, untrained become, famous, renowned'. Survives in NE
falcon'. Cf. qibek, qagrr:, t o g a n , t u r u m - Bar. tsaplan-, same meaning, R I V 196;
ta:y, ktrgu:y, l a : q ~ n ,stgkur. 'I'urkii IX ff. and SM' Osrn. qavlan- 'to he noised abroad'.
Yen. qavlt: occurs in an obscure context in Xak. X I e r qnvlandt: ~ d r ali'l-racul fit 'the
Ma[. 48, 6: Xak. xr qavll: al-@bin 'gerfalcon, man became famous' Kaj. I1 245 (qav1anu:r.
or peregrine falcon' Kay. 1 43 r : K B (in a list cavlanrna:k); in an excursus on Refl. Den.
of begs) kayust tnanq b e g k a y u qavll b e g V.s fr. triliteral Nouns, I11 199, zq f f it is
kayust t6gin b e g (?corrupt, see t6gin) k a y u said that e r sa:vlandt: 'the man quoted pro-
qagr~ b e g 4068; the qav11 b e g and q a g r l beg verbs' and e r qa:vlandl: 'the man became
were prob. both keepers of the king's falcons: famous' are impossible forms, but that if some-
xlv Mtth.(?) (Inkarrr'l-bdz 'male falcon' q a v l ~ : one uses them, no one blames him; as both
(mis-spelt pkalt:) Rif. 175 (only). Verbs are known to have existed with a short
vowel in the first syllable the point seems to he
F 2 qa:vlt: Hap. leg. ; no doubt a I.-w., proh. that if Verbs are formed from monosyllables
Iranian, cf. qo:v11:. GancSki xr qa:vlt: 'the with a long medial rowel the vowel is
rinds (qapr) of peaches and nuts which are used shortened: K B kelir k u t k i ~ i k eat1 $av-
to light fires' K a b I11 442. l a n u r 'good luck comes to a man and his
name becomes famous' 740; a.0. 2050: Osrn.
V U F qo:v11: presunlably the same as, or cog- xrv qavlan- 'to be famous' in one text T T S
nate to, Pe. @wli 'a winnowing-fan of reeds' I 150.
( S t e i ~ ~ a s s )'a; sieve for sifting cereals' (R.
.
V. Miller Persidsko-rurskii slovar Moscow,
1953). G a n c a k i XI qo:vll: (vocalized cawvli:
T r l r . CBL
PU(D) q o b u l m a k Hap. leg.; the word occurs
in second hand) misfat futmdc 'a strainer for in the middle of a long string of words ending
tntmn~', it is (made of) thin 'rods plaited in -Ilk, and it is perhaps an error for *coburn-
together, and made like a ladle (a/-migraju) Ilk, but there is no obvious etymology for
Knj. I11 442: Kip. xrrl miirafaru'l-trrl,ndc eithcr word. 'I'he place mentioned is no doubt
qa:wl~: Hou. 17, 10. that listed in I 9 8 as 'the name of a town near
Tariz', but the nlif is not vocalized in either
D qa:vltg I'.N./A. fr. p : v ; 'fnmous, re- place. (Xak. ?)XIqobulrnak 'apple segments'
nowned'. Survives only(?) in NI?, severill (faliqu'l-tuflz!~) in the language of (VU) Atlrk
dialects qaptlg/qaptu:/tsaplu: R III 1926; Kaj. I503.
I V 196. Xak. XI K B t i i m e n m i g kiiliig
q a v l ~ g e r s i g l e r i g 'innumerable famous T r i s . V. CBL-
{Hend.) heroes' 4525: xlv Muh.(?) gcihib git D qlf1:la:- ( ?qlvl:la:-) Hap. leg.; Den. V.
famous' qa:vlug Hif. 145 (only, mis-spelt (irregular) fr. qtf ( ? ~ I v ) . Xak. XI kUp
~a:klug*): (Gag. xv ff. caglin (sic) muta'ayyin ctft:la:dt: hodara'l-dann 'the jar made a noise'
ve ndmdar 'distinguished, famous' Vel. 233 (?when tapped or when boiling); also used
may be a corruption of this word). when fruit juice is boiled (gal:) and a bubbling
sound (aziz) is heard because of its boiling
Dis. V. CBL- Kap. III 325 (qift:la:r, qtf1:la:ma:k).
D qaptl- Pass. f. of qap-; s.i.m.m.l. with the
same range of meanings as s a p - in the Pass. Dis. CBN
Xak. XI a n t g evi: qaplldt: his house was SF qlban See ~ 1 b l k a : n .
plastered (fuyyina) with thin clean mud' qtbun See s i g e k
(qap1lu:r. qap1lma:k); also used in Uyg.
when a man 1s struck on the neck Kay. II I 19: P U q u p a n an early word meaning 'minor
(XIII(?)Tef. qapalu- 'to be pulled apart, to official, village headman', or the like. T h e
disintegrate', 357 may be a mis-spelling of earliest occurrences are in P r o t o b u l g a r IX
this word): Gag. xv fr. qapll- (I) dawdnidn (?) see Gy. Moravcsik, Byzantoturcica, Buda-
prrdan 'to be made to gallop'; (2) taxt jrtdan pest, 1943, I1 121 (s.v. bouna~,os),with a full
 DIS. CRN
biblinamphy and 0. I'ritsak, Die brtfgarisch~ 's\vaddlinp clothes' qiiprek CCT;; (;r.: Xlp.
I~'iirrtcttlirt~. . . \Vicshadcn, 1955, pp. 85 ff. xrrr a[-jiqqn rco'l-xirqn 'a piece nf cloth; a
'Thi.i word hecame a I.-w. in IIur~garlanand ragged garment' quprek (q- -h-) Hou. 19, 8).
some Slavonic languages as iupan (jupan) and
the like, 'district head'. It is unlikely that it
Dls. V. CBR-
is connected with Pe. $tipfin (sec. f. jab&/
jubdn) 'shepherd' which became a I.-w. in qevtir- 'to twist, or turn ( s o ~ n e t h i nA~r c . ) ' ;
Russian as clraban, s.i.a.m.l.g. except S E as practically syn. w. evlr- and tevlr-; as the
a l.-~v.in various forms, and is sometimes con- latter, q . ~ . is, not noted nfter xrv or this word
fused with qolpan, q.v. Xak. xr (PU) qupan before xr, it is possible that this is a Sec. f. of
'oron 'drifi'l-qnrya 'the assistant to a village tevir-. Survives in N E Bar. tsii:r-; SW Az.,
headman' Ka?. I 402: (xr~r(?)1'4. qoban Osm. qevlr-, and perhaps SE 'l'urki (Sl~aru
'shepherd' 360: F a & xv ff. qupan ('with lor only). Xak. X I e r o k qeviirdl: 'the rnan
-p-') gabdrt San. zr r v. 7 (followed by scveral turned (naqara) the arrow on his (thumb) nail'
phrs.): X w a r . srv qoban 'shepherd' Qatb 44). (naqnra means 'to turn as on a lathe'); also
used of anything when you rotate it (daw-
Dis. V. CBN- wartalrri) on your left thumb nail; and one says
1) qaptn- Refl. f. f: qap-; s.i.s.m.1. Xak. XI 01 qtgn:nl: qeviirdt: adzra'l-bakra 'he turned
e r a t l n ~ a p l n d l : the man whipped (sdla), his the pulley' (etc.) Kay. U 82 (ceviire:r,
horse'; and one says e r suvda: qapdl: the qeviirme:k); b u e r 01 t e l l m o k $eviirge:n
nlan swam (sabnlla) in the water', and qaplndl: 'that nian is constantly turning arrows, that
is also so used (Itigafihi) Kay. I I I( q~a p~ lnyr. is rotatinc them on his thunih nail' I 522:
qap1nma:k): Klp. xrv qapln- !lamala old xrrr(?) Tef. qeviir- 'to turn away (the face)'
$0)" d a r a wd!rida 'to make a single attack on
357: xrv ~W~rlr. ddra 'to turn (Intrans.)' qe:-
something' id. 4 1 : O s m . xrv to xvr qapin- wiir- Mel. 26, r ; Rif. 108; al-dawrdtr ce:wiir-
( I ) 'to hurry, bustle'; (2) 'to attack (something m e k (-tnak in error) 37, 12; 123: Gag. X V ff.
Dat.)' in several texts T T S I 146; I1 210; 111 qbwiir- (spelt) Caus. f.; gardGnidan 'to twist,
140; Ii' 156. turn (something)' San. 221 v. 19 (quotn.):
X w a r . X I V qeviir- ditto; also 'to translate'
Dis. CBR Qutb 43; MN 335; Nalrc. 412, 6-7: K o m .
xrv 'to turn' qoviir- C C I ; Gr.: Klp. xv
qava:r 'kindling'; n.o.a.b., but see qava:rhg. da~uwaramina'l-iddra gewlr- (mis-spclt sewir-)
Cf.otug. Xak. xr qava:r 'the kindling (al- Kav. 77, 17.
-dorm) with which a fire is lit'; and one says in
a jingle (fi'l-izdiwdc) qava:r quva:r Kag. I V U D qlbirt- Caus. f. of an Intrans. Den. V.
411; a.0. 1 1 7 , 16. fr. qtp; survives only(?) in SW xx Anat.
clbart-lcibert- S D D 255, 270; the -b-
k'U qapiir 'goat's hair' with some extended carries a kasra in all places, but a fatha, as in
meanings; as there is no trace of a Den. Suff. the modern verb, might have been expected.
-ur, this word cannot be derived fr. g6:b, and Xak. X I 01 oglln q i b t r t t ~ :daraba roaladahtc
this raises the question whether the meaning bi-qadib rta'iin 'he beat his son with a supple
'rubbish, debris' is not due to a false ety- rod' kay. 111 430 (qtbirtu:r, q ~ b ~ r t m a : k ) .
~nology. Vocalization uncertain since the word
survives as q u p u r 'goat's hair' in SE Tiirki, I'UD qobart- Hap. leg.; presumably Caus.
and cBbur/qopiir/qiipUr 'goat's hair; rub- f. of a Den. V., hut the base, which can hardly
bish' in SW xx Anat. S D D 284, 380, 388. be any n-ord listed above, has not survived.
Xak. XI (PU) qSpiir ga'arrr'l-tna'z 'goat's Xak. xr ogrl: e r i g qobarttl: (misvocalized
hair', and 'rubbishy goods' (01-.mrrti mitra'l- gobrattl:) 'the thief stole (salaba) the man's
-miter) are called qSpUr qepiir as a jingle property, to the extent of stripping hirn naked'
('nlri fariqi'l-irbd') Kag. I 363: Gag. xvff. (/latfd a'rdlttr) (qobartu:r, qobartma:k); and
qopiir ('with q- -p-') ( I ) mriy-i blrz wa glisfand one says qobartu: st:dl: 'he robbed and
'goat's hair; sheep's wool'; (2) cangal wa stripped him' KO?. I11 429.
bija-i plir diraxt 'jungle; a thicket of trees'
San. zr I v. 12: KIP. xrv (PU) ~ G p i i (c- r -b-) D yevriil- Pass. f. of qeviir-; survives in the
al-qa?~bi-wasax 'rubbish in dirt' Id. 41. same languages. Xak. xr qlgr1: gevriildi: 'the
pulley turned' (ddrat); also used of anything
PU(D) copra: as such n.0.a.b.; Kaj.'s trans- when it revolves (istaddra) Kay. 11 230
lation is almost the same as that of opra:k, (qevriilii:r, qevriilme:k): KB 744 (evril-):
which suggests the same kind of connection Gag. xv ff. qdwriil- (spelt) gardidan 'to turn.
as that between qevur- and evir-, but there revolve' San. 221 v. 29 (quotn.): X w a r . xlv
is also a semantic connection with @:b and qevrtil- ditto Qutb p3; MN 49, etc.: O s m .
qtipiir, and the Later form of this word seems xrv and xv qevril- to turn back, return; to
to be (VU) ciiprek which s.i.s.m.1. in NE, be roasted on a spit' in two texts TTS I 156;
NC, NW with either -U- or -1- in the first I1 225.
syllable. Uyg. vrrr IT. Civ. (in a list of goods
exr~nptedfrom taxation; millet, cotton, wine) D qevrll$- Co-op. f. of qeviir-. Xnk. X I 01
qoprn perhaps 'used clothing' USp. 88, 41: men10 blrle: o k qevriigdl: 'he competed
Xak. XI qopra: al-snlaq mina'l-!iydb 'worn, with me in turning (fi tanqir) arrows'; and
vr tattered, clothing' Kay. I 421: (Kom. xrv also in t i ~ r t i i n anything~ that revolves (fi
 TRIS.
idzra kt111 yay' nrtrtiawwnr) Kag. I1 208 (qev- q ~ b ~ gSW ; Az. qepig; Osm. geplq; Tkm.
r i i g k r , qevri1gme:k): O s m . xvr qevriq- qeblq. Scc Sttcherbok r 20. 'I'herc is a syn. Pe.
(of an ear) 'to be twisted, crumpled' TTS word ~api~lyapuy and Shcherhak may he right
I V 166. in suggesting that this is an Iranian I.-w., since
T r l s . CBR the Pe. word is cognate to Latin caper. Celtic
D qava:rlrg 1Iap. .leg.; P.N./A. fr. qava:r. kapero-3, while the word has no obvious
Xak. xr cava:rlrg y6:r 'a place with kindling' Turkish etymology. Xak. XI Seplp 'a kid
(min amlbdi'l-ma'z) when it has reached the
(darn{) Kay. I495. age of six months' Kay. 1368: KIP. X I I I 'a kid
T r l s . V. CBR- (at-cady) one year old' ge:plg (-b-) Hou. 15, 9:
xrv ~ e p i g(c-6-) wafadu'l-mi'zci'l-cafr 'a fully
VUD qbpurlen- Refl. Den. V. fr. ~ 6 p U r ; grown kid' fd, 41: O s m . xrv and xvr ceplg
survives only(?) in SW xx Anat. qapurlen- 'kid' in two texts TTS I 151; IV 162.
(of a tree) 'to put out shoots' SDLJ 381. Xak.
xr e$kU: giipilrlendi: nobdta ga'ru'l-ma'z 'the qevig 'device, metl~odof doing something';
goat's hair grew' Ka2. 11 266 (qiipICrlenii:r, syn. w. 1 a:l and used only in the Hend. a1
q6pUrlenme:k). s e v i ~ . N.0.a.b. but cf. qeviglig. Uyg.vr11 ff.
Man. M 11144, 4 (i) (1 ad): Bud. Kuan. 98
Dis. V. CBS- etc. (1 a:l).
D qapsa:- I-lap. leg.; Desid. f. of qap-. Xak. VU 1 qavqa:n Hap. leg.; morphologically
XI 01 suvda: qapsa:dr: 'he wished to swjn~ parallel to qivqa:a but with no known origin.
(ya'tim) in the water' Kog. I1 284 (qapsa:r, Cigll X I qavga:o (-f-) 'the shears (01-mipast)
qapsa:ma:k). with which sheep are sheared' (yucazz) Kaj.
I11 385.
Dis. CBS
VU 2 gavga:g n.0.a.b.; the Ktp. word, there
Savug originally the principal military officer transcribed with front vowels for no stated
of a xntan, 'army commander', and the like, reason, is obviously a later form of the same
the military counterpart of bilge:. As time word with an extended meaning. Xak. X I
went on the post gradually lost status; in the qavga:g (q- unvocalized) al-a'may 'blear).-
medieval period no standard translation is eyed' Kay. I11 385: KIP. xrv qawqan (c- -c-)
possible since the gavug was at various times al-qubayya 'the small owl' (cf. ba:y) fd. 47;
the principal escort of the sovereign, a member al-qubayja ditto (vocalized p:$on) Bul. 12, 2.
of the corps of royal sergeants-at-arms, and
a police officer in government offices and pro- I3 q1vga:r~Hap. leg.; Dev. N./A. fr. ~1vga:-.
vincial headquarters. Survives only(?) in S W Xak. xr $rvfja:q (-f-) $a@r 01-'a~m'l-qdrif
Osm. where it now means '(military) sergeant; 'sour wine' Kay. 111 385.
(civil) door-keeper o r messenger in govern-
ment ofices and the like'. See Doerfer 111 Dis. V. CBS-
1055. TUrku v r r ~bilge:si: qavug~:ertl: 'he S $avga:- See gaxqa:-.
svaa his Counsellor and Army Commander'
Ix. 17 (and see alp); a.0. T 7 (bilge:) (these (D) q1vga:- Hap. leg.; 'to be, or become, sour;
passages are mistranscribed and mistranslated to ferment'; prima facie Den. V. fr. *$~vI$.
in the current editions): VIII ff. Yen. Cavug Spelt 6uvfa:- in the MS., but the -I- is fixed
T u n T a r x a n be~U:si: tike: bertimiz 'we y! the der. f.s. Xak. xr q a g ~ qlvga:dl: r (p-)
have erected a tnemorinl stone to the Army the wine fermented (galZ) and threw up a
Commander Tun Tarxan' Mal. 30, 3 (there scum'; and one says k a r ~ n~ t v $ a : d ~(p-) :
mistmnscribed): Xak. xr qavug allagli yusazu- 'the food burnt (fadata) the stomach and
fui'l-,wjlif fi'l-hnrb wa yaz'u'l-cund bni'l-~ultn turned it sour' (hammoda) Kai. I11 286
(the officcr) who marshals the ranks in battle (pv$a:r, c1vga:ma:k; both p-).
and restrains the army from (committing)
atrocities' Kaf. I 368: xrv Mtrh. (in a list of D q ~ v g a t -Caus. f. of q1v9a:-. Xak. XI e r
titles of office, etc.) ydwQ qa:vug (mis-spelt (MS. 01) qagrr qlvgattx ( p v - )'the man fer-
6a:kuj) Mel. 57, 1 5 ; Rif. 156: F a g . xvff. mented (hammada) the wine (etc.)'; and one
r a w u g (spelt) (I) gtibdcir 'mace-bearer' which says sirke: k a r ~ nGrvgattl: 'the vinegar made
is a word for the yasawul (mounted mace- the stomach acid' (hammada), also used when
bearer) and kfik akan (door-keeper) (quotn.); it is poured on the ground and makes it acid
(2) 'a man who goes ahead of a caravan and (aglat) Kag. I1 336 ($lvgatu:r, q1vgatma:k).
acts as their guide (baladi) and announces the
departure and the stop for the night'; in Ar. T r i s . CBS
qd'id (quotns.) San. 209v. 22: Xwar. XIV D,$,~v$a:&~nDev. N./A. fr. g1vga:-; 'sour,
gawug 'mace-bearer, herald' etc. Qutb 42: .
acrd N.0.a.b. Uyg. VIII ff. Bud. (in a poem
KIP. xrv qa:wug (c-) hurua'lladi yarih amd- about foods appropriate to the four seasons;
ma'l-malik bi'l-ta'gim wa'l-ihtirdm '(the officer) in winter let them eat cold fatty sweet food)
who goes before the king and calls for honour q ~ v g a g u n'RS acid' Suv. 591, 21; Civ. (thirst
and respect' ld 47. is caused by) a g l r pvga:gun gor a$t!n
geplg 'a kid more than half grown'. Survives 'heavy, acid, salt (Pe. 1.-w.) food' TT VIlI
in NC Klr. qebig; Kzx. fj~bl$(sic); NW Kk. I . r z ; a.o. do. 19 (odgurak).
 T R I S . CBS
1) q e v i ~ l l g Ilap. ICE.?;I'.N./A. fr. qevig. XI K B (the King asked, 'When is he cnming?
Uye. v r ~ r11.. Clv. i11ltg qeviqlig 'resourceful \Vherc can I meet him ?' Ogdiilmig replied)
(I4end.)' TT I 26 (alto:-). kdqe y a r u k dunyH me021 ttinerse qlqe
'Late, when the bright colour of the world
T r i s . V. CB$- turns to n i ~ l i t ., . .' sor8.
D qepivlen- Hap. leg.; Refl. Den. V. fr.
qeplg. S o k . X I og1a:k qeplqlendl: sdra'l-cod-v Dls. V. CCD-
rrlin ~~rnrlnti'l-codo''the kid got into the VIII) qijtur- llap. leg.; Caus. f. of qtj- (sic),
catrcorv of half-crown kids. and w>1sreckoned 0.v.
, As this ~vordnrecedcs
- ~~- r ~
coitilr- t l ~ rvowel
as &hi; this is khen it has'rcnched the ane of should perhaps he fnr!rn. k i k . xr bxc: yUk
six rnonths Kq. I1 266 (qepi~lenii:r,Ceplg- a t 1 2 cijtiirdi: 'this load and its weight made
1enrne:k). the- hcr;sc9s back collapse' (n.tf~~!ln;altm'l-
-faras), as a palled horse, etc. hehaver when he
Mon. CC is loaded and lies down Koj. I I 180 (qiltilrilr,
VC' y6:j 'an iron nail'; as such 1Inp. leg., but cijturme:k, sic).
there are several syn. rnoderri ivords clearly
dcrivcd fr. it; N C Klr. qege; Kax. g6pe; 11 qojtiir- Caus. f. of qoj-, q.v.; survivrs in
SC Uzh. qegn; NIV I<az., K r ~ n i ,I<umyk SW Osm., 'I'km. qiizdiir-. Xak. XI 01 y1pl:g
qily; I<k. $ege; S W Ostn. qivi; Tkrn. quy. ciijturdl: ('with -j-) 'he had the slack cord
'I'hcse forms suggest that the vowel was pulled out' (nrrlorlda); also used lirr pulling
orieinallv -6-. As regards the tinal. strictlv out the entrails of a sheep K a y . I I 180 ( ~ i i j -
.. ..

'no;-Turkish'. -J this"is more likely. to be a tiiriir

Sec. sound than an indication r;f foreign
origin. If so, it was prob. dissimilated fr. - C Dis. C C ~
and the evolution may have been *@:c > qoquk 'sucking pig'; in this form survives
7P:j > qdv > qdg/qiiv > qily. Xnk. sr q&:j only in S\V Osrri. qocuk 'chiltl', hilt R Scc. f.
( with -j') nl-misrnrir ntirm'l-[mdid 'an iron qoqga/qoqke and the like, 'sucking pig; pig
nail'; and 'a rivet on a breastplate' (qatirii'l- (in general)', which looks like a klong. cor-
-dirt) is called $d:j Koy. ZII 123. ruption of this word but is not in fact a 1.-w.
in Mong.. appeared in the medieval period
M o n . V. CC- and s.i.a.m.l.g. (in SW only xs Anat.). 0 .Klr.
VU qlj- Hap. leg.; the -j- is proh. a Sec. rx ff. q o q u k b6ri: sagu:n, if correctly rend
sound, see q k j ; the Intin. here has -ma:k, in Mal. 12, I , must be a P.N.: Xak. XI G O C U ~
that of the Caus. f. -me:k; it is not clear al-xannlif (sic) 'sucking pig' Kag. I 381: F a g .
which is an error. As the word precedes xv ff, c o c g a (so spelt) boyo-i xtik 'sucking pig'
cw- the \-mvel should perhaps he jof!ta, see Son. zIzr. 12: Klp. xrlr 01-xia~~ntisqoqka:
qijtiir-. Xak. X I yaglrltg a t q ~ j d l :('with Hoit. 11, 13.
-I-') 'the gallcd horse lay down' (inxofado)
when someone wished to mount it, fearing for Dis. CCG
its back; and nny galled animal does the same qeqek 'flower', hence metaph. 'XI skin erup-
~vhensomeone wishes to put a load on it Koy. tion', esp. 'smallpox'. An early I.-w. in M o n ~ .
II y (gtja:r, q1jma:k). as g e f q S.i.a.m.l.g. usually as ~ e q e k ,
occasionally qdqek, SW Az., Osm. qiqek. See
qoj- as such Hap. leg.; at any rate in later L)oerfpr I1 I 1073. Uyg. vrlr ff. Dud. qeqek is
tin~es practically syn. tv. seq-, q.v., which used as the equivalent of Sanskrit pwspn;
makes i t difficult to separate modern forms of Chinese hlrn (Giles 5,ooz) 'flower', sometimes
the two words, but this one at nny rate survives by itself TT V 20, I ; Suw. 137, 18; 173, 5 etc.
in S\V A t . , Osrn., Tkrn. $62- 'to untie, un- and sometimes in the Sino-Turkish Hend.
ravel'. The -1- is no doubt a Sec. sound, per- xwu qeqek U 111 46, 11 ; T T V lo, 104-7;
haps dissimilated fr. -c-, cf. q k j , in which SIIW. 183, 14 etc.: Civ. K l r q e q e k 'Desert
case the original form may have been * ~ o : c - . Flower', P.N. US#. 54, 3: X a k . xr qeqek ol-
Xak. sr ura:gut y ~ qiijdi:p ('with -j-,') 'the -nlir (sic) wa'l-zahr 'flower, blossom'; y c e k
woman pulled on (cog'abat) the thread ; also (mis-spelt fekek, cim mafltiha read as kaf) ol-
used of any thin^ that can be stretched (ytcinkin -hasba 'scarlet fever' in Gigil Koy. I 388;
i/rikif~rhu)by pulling, like a cord or a sheep's I 437, 4 etc. (iikiil-) and 6 0.0.: KB usually
entrails Kaj. I I y (qiije:r, vojme:k): F a g . q6:ce:k in the Fergana, qeqe:k in the Cairo,
s v ff. qoz- nz hant darbrtrdnn tun a z ham wd and q e ~ e kin the Vienna MS., is common,
knrdon tcn parrignnda kardon 'to take off, pull 70, 79 (oyna:-), 829, etc.: x r ~ i ( ? )Tef. ~ d p k
OH, disperse' Son. 2 1 2 ~ .27: X w a r . srv $ 6 ~ - ditto 358: xrv MuA. a/-rcard 'rose' qP:qe:k
'to loosen, untie' Qrrfb 44: K o m . xrv ~ O Z -'to hfel. 78, 5 ; qeqe:k(c-C-) Rif. 182: Gag. xv ff.
pull' C C G ; Gr.: Klp. srv qiiz- (c-) naqada'l- q6~e: (so spelt) ( I ) 'flower'; (2) metaph.
-go=/ 'to untwist, untie a thread' id. 43. cibrln small-pox', in Ar. codori Son. 216r. I I
(quotns.): X w a r . xrv qQ$ek 'flower', and
Dis. CCA specifically 'rose' Qirtb 43; MN 87, etc. : Kom.
I'U qiqe Hap. leg.; occurs only in the fr>llowinp srv 'Rower' q i p k CCI, CCG; G'r.: KID xrlr
passnge, \vhere its meaning and nature, per- 01-znlrr $eqe:k (c-c-, unvocalized) Hou. 7, 12:
1 1 3 ~ Ger.
~ in -e:, nre undiscover~hle. Xak. srv q B ~ e k(c-c-) ditto id. 42: xv 01-ozlmGr
 MON
ghqek (sic) IGrv. 59, 6; zahr qhqek Trih. 18a. monosyllabic, but not Chinese, where although
9; 35a 6. 'finger' i a chih (Giles 1,791) any words like
'little' qualifying it would necessarily precede
(D) qeqge: I lap. leg. Xak. X I qeqge: !rtiffu'l- and not follow it. Xak. XI y1qa:lak 01-xinsir
-nossic 'a wcaver's reed' Kap. I 429. 'the little finger' Kaj. I 487: xrv Muh. al-
-xinqir qi:qala: Mel. 47, I I ; qi:qalak (c-e-)
'Tris; CCG Rif. 141: Gag. xv ff. qancanak (so spelt)
1) qhqekllg I'.N./A. Tr. qeqek; 'flowery, anguyt-i kticak 'the little finger', in Ar. xinfir
covcred with flowers'. S.i.s.m.l., sometimes San. 22rr. 21: KIP. X I I I al-xinfir q1:qala:k
with metaph. tncanings like 'pock-marked'. HOU. 20, 16: xlv ( T k m . ) qeqe: (c-c-) al-
Uyk. vrrl ff. Bud. xwaltg ceqeklig y6r 'a -xinyir, in KIP. ylqalak (c-c-, vocalized ftylak)
place covvrcd with flowers (fiend.)' U I11 56, fd. 42: xv 01-xingir ~ u l u k(sic) b a r m a k Kav.
4 (ii); a.o. 2'7' V 12, 123 (01,egHg): (Xak.) 61, 4.
XIII(?)Tef. yeceklig 'flosvey (garden) 358. T r i s . CChf
D cbqeklik A.N. (Conc. N.) fr. qbcek; yiqa:muk 'the ring finger'; n.0.a.h.; the
'flower garden'. S.i.s.m.l. UyR. V I I I ff. Civ. normal phr. for this finger is atsiz b a r m a k
USp. 15, 5-6 (altan): Xak. XI qeqeklik 'the (see atstz). Cf. q1ca:Iak. Uyg. V I I I ff. Bud.
Ilanle of the place where flowers (01-zalrr) grow' (in order to make the nltiJrd called 'fastening
Kag. I 508: K B (the nightingale sings a the vajro') u l u g egreklerin s u k egreklerin
thousand songs) qeqeklikte 78; a.o. 5972. q i c a m u k egreklerin k a v g u r u p tike uckil
kllu 'join the thumbs, index fingers, and ring
T r i s . V. CCG- fingers, hold them upright, and make a tri-
D qhyeklen- Refl. Den. V. fr. cbqek; (of angle' T T V , ,p. 16, note A54, 8: Xak. XI
a bush etc.) 'to flower'. S.i.s.m.1. Uyg. vrll ff. yiqa:muk al-hznrir 'the ring finger', ma h i &
Civ. T T VIII P.zq (eriik, spelt c~:ce:kle:rtiir): qalla md y~d'raf,this word is little known Kag.
Xak. X I yt&:q ybqeklentli: (sic) 'the trec 1487.
(etc.) flowered' (tawarmda) I f i t . I1 266 Dis. CCR
(qeqek1enu:r (sic); qeyeklcnme:k, unvocal-
ized): XIII(?)TeJ. qeqeklen- ditto 358: K o m . SF qa:qIr Sec 1 qa:trr.
xrv 'to flower' qiqeklen- CCG; Gr.: KIP. Mon. CD
xv 'to flower' (azhrrra), that is to have flowers
qigeklen- (sic) Kav. 59, 8. 1 Cat onon~atopoeic,nonnally for the sound
of a blow; cf. sap. S.i.m.m.1. in such forms as
Dis. V. CCL- c a t , yet, yit, git which are used either singly,
reduplicate!, or in combinations. Xak. XI c a t
D qojiil- I'ass. f. of ~ 6 j ;-survives in SW Osm., yat hikdya an waq' 'an onomatopoeic for (the
'I'km. qoziil- 'to he untied, disentangled', etc. sound of) a blow'; hence one says q a t yat
Xak. xr ytp ~ o j i i l d i :('with -1-') 'the slack urdi: 'he beat him noisily' (ninfae~wata(n))
cord was pulled out' (or stretched, imtadda); Kag. I 320.
qoliildi: is also used of glutinous substances
lrke thick syrup and chewing-gum (a/-ruhh F 2 q3:: Hap. leg.; 'a well'; 1.-w. fr. Sogdian
rua'l-'ilk) when they arc pulled out Kay. 11 132 E't, same meaning. Cf. kudug. O g u z X I $a:t
(qiifiiliir, c6julme:k): Gag. xv ff. qoziil- al-bi'r 'a well' Ka?. I11 146.
(spelt) a z ham wd grcdan run pariiganda giidan $at originally proh in a physical sense 'a fence'.
'to be pulled off, di?ipersed' Son. 213r. 6. T h e vowel was originally -I-, but, as fre-
quently happens, later became -i-. S.i.a.m.I.g.,
T r i s . CCL usually as $it or qet used either for physical
qiya:lak 'the little finger'; a specific name objects 'hedge ( e . ~ of . thorn bushes), wattle
for this finger is lacking in somc languages, fence, hurdle', etc. or for 'boundary, edge (e.g.
e.g. in Uyg. it is callcd kiqig ergek; but of a river, a blanket, etc.)', and the like. See
this word survives in N E Alt. qlqallk R I11 Doerjer 111 1152. Uyg. V I I I ( Ihad my throne
2094; KIZ., Sag. cumqalqak do. 2188; Khak. set up (&tit-) there) ylt anta: toki:tdlm
g l m e l q ~ xBas. 326; Klz. $lmal$ax do. 329; 'I had a stockade driven into the ground'
SE Tiirki qim$alak/gimqilak Shaw 104, (I spent the summer there, I established the
Jarring 70: N C ICrr. c i p a l a k / y ~ p a n a k ;Kzx. frontier (yaka:) there) $u. E 8; [gap]tsiz
ginagax; S C Uzb. qimqalok/jimji~lok; bagi: q i t t m i n yayladlm 'I spent the summer
NW Kk. g u n a t a k ; Kumyk yinacay; Nog. at my stockade at [ Jtsiz Ragt:' do. S 2: X:k.
ginatay; Tat. qenqe; SW Az. qeqele; (Osm. XI y1t 01-xlifi mina'l-qapb oroi'l-paruk an
serqe p a r m a k 'sparrow finger', perhaps a enclosure (?, normally 'hut') of reeds or
corruption of this word, based on false etymo- thorns' Kay. I 320: Gag. xv ff. qet (sic 'with
logy; Tkm. k u l e m b i k e not related). It is y-') kandr 'edge, boundary', and the like; the
difficult to explain some of these forms with- Turks of I<B$Har pronounce it qit Son. 205r.
out assuming an original *$im$a:lak, but the 3; git ('with $-') in the language of KB~gar,
word is obviously related to qaqa:muk, q.v. kandr do. zrhr. 5 : Kip. xrv qet (c- so vocalized)
Altlioi~gh-1ak and - m u k are possible Turkish al-darz 'a seam' Id. 41: Osm. X V I I I qit . . .
suHixes the words give rather the impression and in Rrinti, 'an enclosure or fence (hisZr zca
of I.-~v.s fr. some other lan~yape, possibly !16'i!) t~ladeof sticks and reeds' San. z16r. 5.
 F gl:t 'flo\vercd silk' and the like; a I.-w. prob. certainly correct, the othcr letters all error*.
ultimately dcr. fr. Sanskrit citrn 'variegated 'I'he initial tnust be k - (krif misread as cinr
(fabric etc.)', perhaps through some Iranian nroftti!m, cf. ~ ~ k for r h qecek where the oppo-
language, cf. Pe. it, which u~ually means site crror occurs); the second consonant lies
'chintz' (a corruption of the same word) or hetncen m' and nrin, and as there is a supcr-
aimilnr cotton fabrics. S.i.a.rn.1.g. exccpt NE Huouu 'tooth' in tlie word W:IS pl.crl).-s-. Kes-,
as qit/!# hut some of thew words may be q.v., sometimes means 'to levy, or assess,
direct borrowings fr. Pe. See Doerfer 111 1153. taxes'; -be: is not a Turkish Sufi. but *Icesbe:
Cf. barqxn etc. Xak. XI qf:t isnr dibdc rini might he a Sec. f. of kesme:, which does not
lohri rcn,r), nmlzqli~ 'a word for Chinese silk occur in the nlennina givcn, but etymo-
brocade with an embroidered nrnnlnentation' logically could. (jig11 sr catr:ba: (?*kesbe:)
KO$. 111 120. 'the word for a fine (rahn) which the headmnn
of a village ('iirifo'l-qarya) cr,llects from anyone
hlon. V. CD- who does not turn out to dig a canal or the
cat- bnsically 'to b r i n ~together, join (some- hcild-\vurks of a subsitliary channel' (at-nnhr
thing Acc., to something else Uat.)', with rcii ra'ri'l-firh) Knj. I 416.
various special applications. Survives as gat-
in SE Turki; S C Uzb.; SW Az., Ostn., 'rkm.; Dis. CD<;
the tag. Sec. f. survives in NC Ktr. cltl-; D I q a t u k (?$atok) Pass. Uev. N./X. fr.
Kzx. glt- 'to knit(the tjrows), frown'. (Xak.) Cat-; 'joined to something else', with various
SIII(?). At. 205 ('to frown', alrn): Gag. extended rnennincs. S.i.n.tn.l.g., except NE,
svff. cat- (spelt) 'to join together (ba-ham in forms of ~rhicllthe commonest is c a t a k and
pajtuoston), to fasten (bastan) two things to others y a t ~ k Cltak.
, qltlk, eltuk and a wide
one another, to bring together' (far ba-ham range of n~canil~gs.Uyk. VIII ff. Civ. otrii 01
dtcnrdan) Son. 204v. I 5 (quotns.)-qlt- (spelt) le$p qa:trk tltig teQ k u r ~ y u r ,'then that
rri tzrrus kardan wa inqibrid-i wach 'to make mucus dries like clinging mud T T VIII
a sour face, to frown', the verb does not con- 1.7: Gag. xv ff. p t u k (spelt) joxs-i inunqnbid
vey this meaning if used by itself, the noun tzrrj-r~i 'a frowning sour-faced individual'
'face' must be mentioned do. 215v. 18 (quotn.): Son. 216r. 6 (quotn.): KIP. xlv c a t u k (c-)
0 g u z xt e r o8la:k kuz1:ka: q a t t ~ :'the man kaglu: muqrlitrrr'l-lziicib~zy~t
'with knitted eye-
out (uomna) the kid in with the larnb (etc.)' brows' Id. 41.
i(of.'kl zc)q'(Fata:r, $atma:k; verse): war. E 2 qatok Sce qatu:.
srv cut- 'to join, add'; k a y n cat- 'to frown'
(?lrth 41: Klp. xlv cat- (c-) conta'a buyna'l-
-darznyn 'to join two edges in a seam'; and Dts. CDG
one says ka:q cat- 'abasa ny canza'n'l-!iriciba~~t$ ?E' qetiik '(fc~nale)cat'. The various Turkish
'to frown, that is knit the brows' Id. 41 : Osrn. words for 'cat' are collected in Slzcl~crbak,
xvr ff. cat- 'to fasten', etc. in several texts p. 129. Sonw o f them, e.R. maqt:, VU ml):q,
T T S I 149; 11214; I V 158. nnd rn!$k~q,aredrrnonsrrnbly I.-w.s, and it is
likely that the rest, including this one, which
Dis. CDA has no ohvious etvmolom. are also I.-w.s. T h e
VU!F qatu: Hap. leg.; this is the original 'I'urks proh. did .not &it cats early enough
form of the word in the MS.; the cvdru was to have their own word for them. (Xak.?)
turned into a qrif by a second hand, and it xrv Alr~lz.a/-sinnrir 'cat' qetuk Mcl. 72. 6 ;
has so far been indexed as <ottrk, cf. botu:. qe:tuk Rif. 174: O&rz xr c c t u k al-hirra
hlorphologically it could be a L)ev. N. fr. 'female cat'; (VU) kiiwiik (unvocnlized)
eat-, but as this would be seniontically suitable cetiik rr/-@aytcnn'tom cat' Raf. 1388; n.o. III
only for the Sec. meaning 'knife-handle' it is 127 (mu:$): Xwar. xrv getiik '(felunlc) cat'
prob. a Chinese I.-w.; the second syllable looks Qlrtb 42: Klp. X I I I 01-qi(( 'tom c:lt' (ma:cl:,
like f'ou (Giles 11,441) often used as a suffix also called) $e:tuk Iiou. I I , I I : xrv cetiik
to form Conc. N.s. Xak. xr qatu: 'the horn of (c-) a[-gift Id. 42; B I ~ to, . 10: xv a[-qiff setiik
a sea creature (qarn samak bahri) imported (sic) Kav. 62, 3 ; tinnlir ( m a g and) cetiik
from China'; it is also said that it is the root Tuh. 19a. I I : O s m . xrv ff. qetiik, occasionally
of a tree ('irq $acara); knife handles are made cetik, 'cnt'; conlmon till x v ~ , occasionally
from it, and poison in food detected by it; later TTS 1 155; I1 222; III 147; I V 165:
broth or other food is stirred with it in a bowl, X V I I I cetik (spclt) in Riimi, gurlra 'cat', in Ar.
and the food (if poisonous) boils without (being hirra and inndr Sun. 205r. 14.
put on) a fire; or this bone is put on the bowl ?E qetke:n Hap. leg.; the ordinary word for
and sweats without there being any steam 'bridle rein' is tizgin, which occurs twice in
Kar. I11 21 8. Knf. but not as a main entry; if it had been
a main entry it would have come hetween
T r i s . CDB t e r k i n and ' r a ~ k e n(place-name) two places
1; catcba: Iinp. leg.; this word occitrs in a before this word. It is possihle that the text
list of disyllabic words of which the order is in disorder and that tizgin ha4 dropped out
is determined by ( I ) the last consonant, (2) and its translation been attached to this word,
the fimt, and(3) the second and comes between which lnny'oririnally have been Riven another
kirpf: and VU kenbe:. 'The -bn:/-be: is nlenning or perhaps nierely inacrted in the
 text to match the translation. Xak. xr qetke:n Son. 215v. K o m . xrv 'bronze'
'indnic'l-licdm 'bridle rein' Kaj. 1443. C C G ; Gr.
Dis. C D R
Dis. V. CDL-
F I ga:trr I.-w. ultimately derived fr. Sanskrit
1) gatla:- See gaI1:la:-. chattra 'a (royal) umbrella'; this meaning, for
which gowa:$, q.v., ir an alternative, has sur-
T r i s . V. CDL- vived sporadtcally but the usual meaning is
I) gatl:la:- elongated Dcn. V. (cf. tokr:Ia:-) 'a (canvas) tent'. The channel through which
lr. g a t ; 'to make a cracking sound', and by the word reached Tulkish with this change
extension 'to break with such a sound' or of meaning is uncertain, proh. some Iranian
more generally 'to split, break'(1ntrans.): T h c language. A I.-m. in Russian as shater(shatyor).
more regular form yetla:- is noted In the S.i.a.m.1.g. with some phonetic changes (y-/
medieval period and survids in SW Osrn., ?-; -t-1-d-), in some perhaps direct borrow-
Tkm., and with phonetic changes in such lngs fr. Pe. or Russian. See Doerjer 111 10+2.
words as NW Kk. gatna-. See ~ e k i r t i i k . Uyg. XIV Chin.-Uyi. Dict. 'sunshade' ktin
Xak. X I berge: gat1:la:di: 'the whip cracked' $fltlrl R III 1903; thane .fang 'tent' (Gila 409
(@a); also used for any similar sound Kay. 3,440) qattr Ligeti 150: Xak. XI ca:tlr 01-
111 323 (qatl:la:ma:k only): Gag. xv ff. -xayma 'a (canvas) tent'; ga:glr a l - x a ~ m a
qatla- ('with y-') torhidan 'to crack, burst' Kay. 1 4 0 6 : XIII(?)Tef. gadlr ditto 353: X I V
Son. 205r. r : Ktp. xtv gatla- iawwata bi- Muh. al-xaytna ga:dar (sic) hfel. 76, 1r ;
-jarqa'a 'to make a cracking sound' Id. 42. qa:trr Rif. 180: Gag. xv ff. cadrr 'a tent
(xayma) made of canvas' (hirbzs); and one made
of sticks and felt is called a k Oy o r alaguk Son.
Dis. CDN 205r. 19: O g u z X I (after ga:qlr) and the O h z
ga:cjan 'scorpion'. S.i.a m 1.g. except NE with call it qa:vlr Kay. I 406: Xwar. xrv g a d l r
some phonetic changes usually as gayan/ 'tent' Qutb 40: Korn. xrv 'tent' qatrr C C I ;
v q ~ y a n ;in S W Tkm. lgyan (sic) and S W xx Gr.: Klp. xrv qatrr (c-) al-zalcla 'sunshade'
Anat. gayan still mean 'scorpion' but in Osm. Id. 42: xv izar 'a woman's cloak' c a t l r Tuh.
~ ~ y now a n means 'centipede' and the Ar. 1.-w. qb. 12: O s m . XIV c a d i r dut- 'to pitch a tent'
'aqrab is used for 'scorpion'. Xak. XI ga:cjan T T S II 198 (and some xvrrr phr.).
pl-'aqrab Kay. 1409; a.0. I11367,8: KB Gadan
the constellation Scorpio' 140,4889: xrv Kbf. F 2 qa:hr (?qa:dir) 'sal ammoniac, alkali'.
ditto (in the quotn. fr. KB) R III 1903; Mtrh. and the like. No doubt a I.-w. fr, some Iran-
a/-'aqrab Faya:n Mel. 74, 3; Rif. 177; ditto ian language, cf. Pe. ni~adur,same meaning.
as a sign of the zodiac 79, 5 ; 183: Gag. xv ff. Survives in S W Osm. p d t r u g a g ~'gum
Fayan 'Scorpio' Vel. 237; c a y a n (spelt) amrnoniac' and xx Anat. g ~ t l r l q o t u r'alkali'
scorpion; the sign of the zodiac Scorpio' etc. S D D 343, 374. Uy& vrrr ff. Bud. in an
(quotn.); also spelt glyan San. 21ov. 14 unpublished translation of a Chinese r~itrathe
(quotn.); glyan ditto do. 222r. 13 (quotns.): phr. hut' ho (Giles 5,155 3.936) 'ash river' (in
Xwar. xrv gayan 'scorpion' Qtrtb 40: KIP. hell) is translated q a d a r (or g a t a r ? ) ogtiz T T
xrrr 01-'aqrab (b8:y) also called gaya:n (un- Index 18, footnote (also g a d ~ r l ~8giiz); g
vocalized) usa htrwa trmm arlu'a wa arbu'in 'the a.0. T T I V , p. 15, footnote 1. 4: Civ. gadlr
latter also means "centipede" ' Hou. r I , 17; Kuga: 'sal ammoniac' as an ingredient H II 18, 33:
XI qa:tir al-ncyddir (sic) 'sal ammoniac'
xv 'aqrab Flyan (later vocalized gayan) Tuh.
25a. 12: O s m . xv in the phr. in one text Kay. I 406 (Tokharian was probably extinct
ytlanlar ve 'aqrablnr ve qayanlar pre- in Kuga: by XI, perhaps an Iranian dialect).
sumably 'centipede' T T S I1 225: xvrrr cayan c o t u r s.i.s.m.l. in most groups meaning 'pock-
. . . ~ n ind Rti~ni'the animal called in Pe. hazar marked; flat-nosed; stocky; rnis-shapen', and
pd or f a d p a centipede' San z ~ o v 14. (quotn.). the like. Xak. X I 'a man of had character'
qo:d~ns.i.a.m.1.g. with a bewildering variety (at-raculrc'[-sayytr'l-xulrrq) is called yotur klgk
of s ellings-front and back vowels; -y-1-g-/ Kaj. 1363.
-g-ryg-/-yg7from one of which came the T r i s . CDR
2.-w. chrrgun rn Russian. This and all the
modem words mean 'cast iron' or the like. DF $ a t l r l ~ gP.N.('A. fr. 2 qa:tlr; n.0.a.b.
This is, however, likely not to have been the Uyg. VIII ff. Bud. (the sinners) catarllg
original meaning; al-qi[r norn~ally means Ogiizde tiiserler 'fall into the river of ashes'
'copper' (which is not in point here, since TM IV 253, 49 (Uy%.-A form); a.0. see
'copper' was bakrr) or 'brass', and the latter, 2 qa:tlr.l
or rather 'bronze', is the likeliest material for
a cooking pot in XI. See Doerjer 111 1149. Mon. CG
Xak. xr qo:@n a[-qitr 'bronze'(?); hence one ca:g/l gak onomatopoeics, cf. cap, cat. p:k,
says go:cjln egig qidr niin qi)r 'a bronze(?) etc. These and similar onomatopoeics, often
cooking pot' f i l I 409: Gag. xv ff. qoyln reduplicated, s.i.s.m.1. Note that gag 'time,
(spelt) corruption (mtr!iarraf) of q o j l n a point in time, a period of time' which occurs
(almost the only mention of - j - in Sail.) in USp. 22; 0g. 18-19, etc.; VPI. 232; Sun.
that is dhan-i trd frc.rta 'unsrneltcd (sic) iron' 207v. 15 and later authorities ir a Mong. I.-w.
 RION. v. CC-
GO^, elc. I'reliminary note. Those mords ojthis V U ~ o : kHap. leg.; may survive as qak 'bad,
p ~ ~form ~ wlrich
r l rnn be .spcciJically identifird useless' in NW Kat. R III I 831, but ohviously
are listrd brloru. l'hrre ma-y be in L'yf. other not connected with the Adj./Adv. qok 'many;
much', which first occurs in Xwar. 02. 227.
Cltinrr~I.-to.s which have not yet hren identifird. is noted in Ca& San. zrzr. 17; 214r. I ; Krp.
e.g. in USp. 9 I'U Fok looks like the nainr o j Id. 44, 78 (k6p); Kav. 24, 14; and Osm. fr.
some kind of tax. , XIV onwards TTS 11238-9; 1 11156; IV 177
and survives in NE Sag. R III 2004; SE
C O : ~ originally 'glowing heat, flame'; hence Tiirki; some NW languages, and SW Az.,
mctaph. 'splentlour, glory'. S.i.m.m.1.g. with Osm. O g u z X I qo:k er al-ractclu'l-nadl 'a vile,
phonetic changes (c-I.$.- ; -j?,/-k, ctc.). Cf. cowardly man' KO$.111 130.
yalln. See 1)orrjrr 111 1138. Uyg. V I I I ff.
Man. (you shine) q l x g a p a t l ~ gt d u k qog yalln
iize 'with the holy splendour ntl nlory nf the
commandments' T T I X 1 d r 9 : Bud. (then qak- like 1 qak of an onomatopoeic character
those demons when they saw King Captana's and used to describe action of violent
might) Fogln yallnln k u t l n klvln 'his character, physical or mental, e.g, to strike
splendour (Hcnd.) and the divine favour fire (with a flint and steel); (of a snake or
(fiend.) which he enjoyed' U I V 10, 51; scorpion) to bite, sting; to slander, decry,
Sanskrit irryo 'the best' qog y a l ~ n l g7'1' VIl1 betray'. S.i.a.m.l.g. with a wide range of
D.17; a.0. U I l I 7 1 , 12; qog y a l l n l ~ g'flaming'meantngs, e.g. for SIV Osm. Red. 707 dis-
USp. 46, 2: Civ. kiin qogl 'the heat of the tinguishes ten meanings. Uyg. V I I I ff. Bud.
sun' T T VIII 1.23: Xak. X I qo:g snqrrc'l-$oms U I1 10, 23-4 (1 iir-): Xak. X I ol ikki: kipi:
wa lri'cil,rrhd (read It~hGi~uhG) 'the scorchinn ara: q a k d ~ :'he made mischief (agrd) between
heat of the sun and its blaze'; hence one says the two men'; and one says 01 qakma:k
ku:n qo:gl lu'ab11 (1rrh~iiii)'l-gari1.s;qo:g laha- qakdl: qadaha'l-zand 'he struck the steel (on
brr'l-nAr 'the blaze of a fire', after the wood has the flint)' Kas. II 17 (qaka:r, qakma:k); 0.0.
become red hot Kag. 111128: K B (God scnds I1 23, 18 (tutun-): 111 26, 2 : xrv Muh.(?)
one cncmy against anothcr) k e s t i F O ~ I'and al-si'dya 'to slander, decry1 q a k m a k Rif. 120
cuts off their heat' 144; (if he has subjugated (only): Gag. xv ff. qak-(-t1)famz et-, kol- 'to
the enemy and) kiterse q o g ~'taken the heat calumniate, seek out(?)' Vel. 234 (quotns.);
out of him' 1926; a.o. 318: Gag. xv ff. $02 qak- ('with q-') (I) gazidan 'to bite or sting',
(c-) ROY . . . axgar ma'nasina 'a red-hot ember' of a snake, scorpion, and the like; (2) bad-gri'i
Vel. 250 (quotn.); qog ('with q-') ax,car Sun. wa si'dyat kardan 'to abuse, slander'; (3) fuldd
213r. 22 (same quotn.): O s m . xlv $ok 'glow' dtaf zana 'of a steel to strike fire', in Ar.
in one text TZ'S I1 240. qad6ha; (4) qadh-i qadcik yu'ni pkmak zadan
'to strike a strike-a-light' (quotn.); (5) durur-
1 qu:g 'bundle' and the like; the diffcrence gidan 'to shine, flash' of tire, or lightning, in
betwcen this and 1 ba:g is obscure, perhaps Ar. ramid, talGItc', and lama'dn Sun. zo6v. 26
this meant primarily the actual hundle and (quotns.): O g u z XI 01 so:ziig a n l o ku1a:kka
ba:g the cords, etc. with which it is tied. Sur- q a k d ~ :'he drummed (balfnfo) the words into
vives in N E Leb. q u g 'wrapping, shroud' his ear' Kaq. 11 17: X w a r . XIII(?)(if anyone
R 111 2169; '1'el. qu: 5164; .Sor gu I V 1095 disobevs me, I take him as an enemy) v m a d
and S W xx Anat. CUE a shcaf of corn' S D D qaklp. qerig qekip 'heaping reproaches
386. Uyj?,. V I I I ff. Bud. S~rv. 165, 20-1 (1 (Mong. I.-w.) on him and Icadinn out an anny'
ba:g): Xak. xr qu:g (bi'l-~nnrrna, 'with -u-, Og. I I 2-1 3 : Kom. xrv 'to calumniate, accuse'
not -0-') 'nyhafrc'l-mitn' 'a haS for merchan- cak-lqax- C C I ; Gr.: Klp. X I I I g a d a h ('1-
dise' Kog. ill 128: K B 5549 (om:): XIII(?) -zand), and also gnkd gayrahu 'to complain of
7i.j. b u quk (sic) b a t m a n a l t u n 'this sack of someone' to a minister qak- Ilo~r.37, 9: X I V
gold' 360 (pit): Xwar. XIV eyeri bag1 qugt qak- Bamaza 'to calumniate' fd. 44: xv i ~ t a k d
barqa a l t u n 'his saddle, cords, and packages 'to complain of' qak- (sic) K ~ I9,. 12; 74, 9:
were all gold'(?) Q~rtb44: Kom. X I V ~ o v Osm. xrv to svr qak- 'to calumniate; to
CCG, I 14, 27r.; Gr. transcribes thc German betray (a secret Acr., to someone Dot.);
as eyn gnlrtne 'a noise', but the facsimile shows k u l a g a p k - (cf. Ogut XI)T T S I 143; 11203.
eyil gakidrine ? 'a hundle'.
q ~ g -'to tie up (a parcel etc.)'; in Kay. syn. w.
PUT:2 qug no doubt, as suggested in the note ba:-. Cf. qig-. N.o.;l.b. but the Dev. N.
mentioned below, I.-w. fr. Chinese clro 'muddy, qtg11qlk1 'a parcel' occurs in SW xx Anat.
clouded' (Giles 2,409; Middle Chinese (Pulley- S D D 332,334 Xak. xr o l tiirgek qlgdl: 'he
blank) cuk). UyR. V I I I ff. Dud. (just as the tied up (gaddn) the parcel (etc.)' Kaj. II 14
water-clarifying jewel called udakaprasdda) (qlga:r, ~ 1 g m a : k ) ;a.o. I 210, 23: KIP. xlv
-

q u g suvukltk slizgeli u m u g 'can clarify qlk- (c-) tarra p y ' f i m y' 'to wrap something
muddy liquids'; (so also faith) k8rtgiinqsiiz in something else' Id. 44.
toz iize b u l g a n m ~ gCUB b o l m ~kiigulug ~
siizer 'clarifies the mind which has hecome 1 qlk- 'to go out; to come nut'. S.i.a.m.1.g.
confused and clouded by reason of faithless- with a wide range of extended meanings esp.
ness' T T V 26, 100-2 (and see note thereon); in SW. It is no doubt fortuitous that neither
q u u g (sic) s u v r a 'muddy water' Strv. 74, zz qlk- nor q ~ k a r -are noted before XI. T h e
(sergUr-). theory propoimded in Of., p. 27, note 27 that
 MON.
that is a crasis of ta$tk- is quite unconvincing. a Den. V. in - k - fr. go:& Uyg. V I I I ~ T .Uud.
Xak. XI e r evdin qlkdr: 'the man went out Sanskrit n'dfpiro (spelt ddipito) 'ignited, set
(.roraco) of the house (etc.)' Kaj. 11 17 (prov.; on lire' qu:kup e:m&e:nip T1' VlII C.5.
no nor. or Infin.); II I 16 (taglk-) and about
a dozen 0.0.: K O elk- 'to go out, come out'
is common 87, 213, 394. 951, etc.: ~ I I I ( ? )
Gf. qtk- ditto 358: X I V ~Mrrh.soracn qlk- I) nr F qnl~n:(or qelie:) Hap. ICE.: most
;Ilrl. 25, I 3; R v . 108;01-trrlir' '(of the sun. etc.) C;ancnk words arc ccrtaillly I.-w.s; if this word
to rise' qtkmak Mcl. ~ 5 I. ; R ( f . 120: Gag. had hack vo\vcls it might hc regarded as n cor-
sv tf. qtk-(-ku. ctc.) rik- Vrl. 241 ; qtk- ('with rupt I?cv. N.fr. cak-. Gancak X I (h docs not
C-') har drnndnn 'to come out, rise' Son. 218v. properly occur in 'l'urkish h ~ r t. . .) ylrqdl
~9 (quotns.): X w a r . X I I I qtk- 'to go out'
li'l-znnd ('a strike-a-light') (VU) qaha: lrr#o
Ali 26: XIII(?)avka elkt1 'he went hunting' Gai~cak rohih Kog. I 9, I r (mkik nomlally
OR. 27; 0.0. 141, 196; XIV qlk- ditto MN 88: means 'with front vowels', hut pmb. here
Kom. x ~ vditto qtk/qlx- CCI, CCG; Gr. 79 means 'incorrcct').
(quotns.): KIP. ~ I I xarncn
I qlk- IIolr. 33. 16: ?S q a g ~ : / q o g ~ :onomatopoeic; proh. an
x ~ vditto Id. 44; al-jnhtrc'l-xeric 'the outgoing elongated f. of $a:& N.o.a.h. Uyg. V I I I ff.
month' qtka:n a y R~rl.13, I I ; fn'ida 'to rise' Dud. a l k u tlei qogt 'all sounds (Hend.)' Sur.
(a$; in margin) p k - do. 55v.: X V !ala'a ula 166. 6: Xak. xr coal: 01-calaha 'uproar,
.vnroca 91k- (sic) Kau. 9, 12, a.o.0.; Trrh. 153. hubht~h' in all Turkish languages except
4 ; rnqd 'to asccnd slo\vly' glk- do. 17b. 11; ArRu: which has q a g ~ :Ko$. I11 225; 0.0. of
fn'ida glk- do. 23a. 3; a.o.0. go&: I 41, r I (alqak); I11 128, 3 (qa:g);
234, 16 (Fami:): K B qogl 'a noisy quarrel'
1) 2 q1:k- Hap. Icg.; Ifltrans. Den. V. fr. $1:. 318, 2651, 4232: XIII(?) Tef. qogl 'a loud
Xnk. X I to:n q1:kdl: the prnment absorbed noise; quarrel' 360: O s m . xrv to xvr s u
mnisture' (01-nodd); also used of anything q a g u s u 'thc souncl of running water' in one
which absorbs dampness (a[-ntrdrrwzcn) from text; qogu 'uproar, noise' in three T7.S I 141 ;
the ?round Kaj. I11 183 ( q l : k ~ : ~q1:kma:k).
, 111 150; IV 177.
qok- originally (of a bird) 'to s\voop down (on T r i s . CCB
something Dnt.); to peck, peck out' with
various extended meanings. S.i.a.m.1.g.; the VC?F qoku:barl: Hap. leg.; headed fa'rilali;
modern phonetics are confusing; it is nearly no doubt a I.-w., possibly Iranian. Xak. xi
always lengthened to qok~-/coku- (-$oh-/ qoku:bart: !iriu'l-birfoqn 'clay for making
qoku-, etc.) but in NC Kir. both qokl- and crucibles' Kay. 111 243.
qukt- occur with slightly different shades of
meaning and in Kzx. ~ o k and - guk-. There
do not seen1 to he any other genuine occur- S cogdu: (?sic) See yofidu:.
rences of -u- in the verb (hoth Vzh. - 0 - and
Kaz. -u- represent earlier -0-) but there is DIS. V. CCD-
what seems to be a [lev. N./A. in -r meaning
'hole, cavity, depression; hollowed out, deep' 11 q a k t u r - Caus. f. of qak-; s.i.s.m.l. Xak.
which first appears in Ca& San. 214r. 6 and X I o l q a k m a k qakturdl: aqdn!~nhu'l-:onnod
Kip. Id. 44; T~rh. rlh. 12; ~ z b .11 and (sic) 'he made him strike fire'; also used when
s.~.a.nl.l.g.as q u k u r (qukur, etc.). See Doerft-r one provokes a quarrel (nu~qn'a'l-toirirttr)
111 1099. This must surely he der. fr. this hetween two men and makes mischief (nfrd)
Verb; so too is SE Tiirki qokur 'pitted with between them Kay. I1 181 (qnkturur.
small-pox', unless this is a Scc. f. of qotur. qakturma:k).
IJyk. vlrl ff. Hud. PP 2, 8 (u:d): Xak. XI I 1 1 q ~ k t u r -Hap. leg.?; Caus. f. of 1 crk-,
kuq qokdt: 'the hird swooped' (inqodda) Kay. instead of the usual fon; qlkar-. Xak. xr 01
11 17 (qoka:r, qokma:k; verse, see es): anl: evdln yrlrturdl: he ordered that he
Gag. s v ff. qok (also -ug, -tr) darhlo hir yeri should hc put out (hi-ixrririhi) of the house
rrrrrp ~lrkrrrer- 'to strike a blow at a place and (etc.)' KO& II 181 (qlkturur, q~kturma:k).
make a hole'; qok- (-rnak, -tr, -ugaq,
-ardln) cam' 01- 'to come together, assemble' 1) 2 qlktur- Hap. leg.; Caus. f. of 2 q1:k-.
(quotns.) Vel. 251 ; qoku-/$oku$- (spelt) Xak. XI 01 to:nln qlkturdl: 'he put his gar-
kdruidan zica garud kardan 'to dig out, hollow mcnt in a moist (nodi) place for it to get wet'
out; to peck, peck out' Sun. 213r. 28 (quotns. ; (battb nadiya) f i y . II 181 (qlkturur, qlk-
adding that Vel.'s translation 'to come to- turma:k).
gethcr' is an error): O s m . xrv to xvr F O ~ - /
Fox- (I) (of a bird) 'to s\voop down on' (a fish); D c o k t u r - Caus. f. of cok-; survivcs only(?)
(2) (of a group of persons) 'to swoop down, in SE Tar. 'to plunge (something) in water'
attack'; (3) (once; of an insect) 'to sting' ( ? R III 2010; the alternative form qokut-
ermr for qak-); in several texts T T S I 164; s.i.s.m.l. Xak. xr 01 k ~ r g u gka:zka: qokturdt:
11240; 111 157. 'he sent his falcot~ (Irrizi.rrz11u) to swoop
('ald'l-irrqi&i{l) on the goose' (KO?., as usual,
p : k - Hap. leg.; the vocalization seems to 'duck', ctc.) Knj. I1 181 (qokturur, qok-
make it impossible to regard this as a crasis of turma:k).
 CCL-
is. cGG lightning) to flash', in Ar. iltimd' and im&f
E qa&g See qavrg. San. 207r. 26 (quotns.): Xwar. X I V qakrnak
qakil- Qutb 41.
Dls. CGL 11 qrgrl- Hap. leg.; the whole entry is un-
(D) q r g ~ otioniatcrpocic
l for a clatterinr: sound, vocalized and a superfluous e r has found its
related to qn:R, ctc. 'This 2nd cognate forms way into the text, but the original can be
cag~l/qnfirl/qakll/c~~~l survive in S W Az., restored fr. the translation; Pass. f. of $1g-.
Osm., Tkm., xx Anat. both as ononiatopocics Xak. xr [er] bog $ ~ g ~ l d rruddafi'l-rizm
:
and as Nounr fnr clattering ohjects like bi'l-finlib 'the parcel was tied with rope (and
'pchblcq'. Xak. S I o k k6:g lyre: qrgll tlgrl the like)' Kny. II 133 (qqplur. q:gllma:k).
krldr: 'the arrows rattled (paruu~nta) in the
quiver' (etc.) Kaj. I 393 D qrk11- Pass. f, of 1 qlk- used only as an
Impersonal V. ; survives in the same idiom in
13 q a k l ~ gwords of this form with the usual NC Klr. qrkrl-; SW Osm. q ~ h l - . Xak. XI
phonetic changes (q-18- ; -I(-/-g- ; -I-1-t- ; evdin qlkrldl: 'An exit was made (xurica) from
-I&/-u:, etc.) s.i.a.m.l.g. with a w ~ d erange of the house (etc.)' Kaf. 11 133 ( q l k ~ l u r ,~ r k d -
meanings perhaps going back to different ma:k).
origins, hut the words below seem to he
l'.N.jA.s fr. 2 qak. Uyg. vrlr ff. Civ. (a grape DFq1gla:- Hap. l e ~ . Den.
; V. fr. 2 $I:& Xak.
stuffrd with various drugs is to be wrapped in XI 01 b8:z yg1a:dt: 'he measured the cotton
paper, buried in hot ashes, and administered) cloth in Turkish cubits' (hi-dird' turki) Kay.
edglitl gakltg $19 b o l m ~ g d a'when it has I11 296 (qlgla:r, q1gla:ma:k).
been thnroughlycooked'H I151 :(Xak.)xlrr(?)
Tef. (a place) b t r kigi o l t u r yak11 'with room D qog1a:- prob. an abbreviated form of
for one man to sit'; yeytir yak11 'enough for y~&:la:-, q.v., rather than a Dev. V. fr. *qog
(a whole family) to eat' 356: Sing. xv ff. as a See. f. of qa:g. Xak. X I qog1a:dl: like
(a space) m i 9 s i p i h r q n g l ~ k'as big as a qar1a:dl: (q.v.) f i siyehi'l-fil, 'of the trumpet-
thot~sand terrestrial spheres' VeI. 232 (s.v. ing of an elephant' &a$. 111 295 (qogla:r,
qag); qaglrg (I) qadr run miqdcr wn andciza q02la:ma:k): KB kelir qoglayur a z 6qer
'(having a specified) quantity, number, or t e r k Uni (this world) 'comes and shouts a little,
size' (quotn.); (2) ri!that wa durusti '(having) but its voice quickly dies away' 5314: (Xwar.
XIII qoglag- 'to shout to one another' 'Ali 40).
health and soundness' Sun. 206v. 21: Kom.
xrv anqa qakll 'having such and such a D qug1a:- Den. V. fr. cu:g; 'to wrap, pack
quantity'; (of a sin) keqer q a k l ~'venial' up', and the like. Survives as such in NE Leb.
CCG; Gr. 73. Gugla- R I11 2170; Tel. qu:la- do. 2175; the
D qogluk P.N./A. fr. qo:g; 'fiery, flaming', and central consonants were metathesized in the
the like. Survives in NE qoktrglqoktu: R 111 medieval period and the metathesized form,
2009-10; NC IZtr. p k t u : . Uyg. VIII ff. Bud. with some phonetic changes, s.i.m.m.1.g.; in
ulug qoglrg y a l ~ n l ~'theg great splendid SE Turki both forms occur $@la-/cugla-/
resplendent' (Buddha) U I1 59, 5 (ii); similar qulga- Jarring 77, 97. Xak. xr o l to:nug
phr. U 11139, 23 ; 67, 4 (i); TT Y I I I Ir. 16; qug1a:dr: 'he tied up the garment and wrapped
X 61-2, etc. jt and made it into a parcel' (dnbbnra . . . u-a
ahbshu wa razzoinahtc) Kas. 111295 (quBla:r,
(D) qo2la:n flap. leg.; isin in presumably to be qug1a:ma:k): K B (true words are harsh) i r l g
taken ns meaning 'title' rather than 'Proper yuglamlg 'he has wrapped up the harshness'
Name'. I'erhnps a corrupt derivative of qo:g 3847: xrv Muh. qu2la:- A&-l. 3 j, I (1 biik-):
'splendour'; hardly to be connected w. yogla:-. Gag. xv ff. culga- ('with q-') picidan 'to
Xnk. X I qog1a:n min asmd'i'l-akcihira Qarlttq yind, wrap' Son. zr4r. 28: Xwar. xrrr qulga-
'one of the titles of notables of the Karluk to wrap' 'Ali 50: xrv ditto Nahc. 8, 8; 9, 9.
(tribe)' KO$.1444.
DF qlglat- Hap. leg.; Caus. f. of q1gla:-.
Dis. V. c ~ L - Xak. XI 01 b6:z qrglatt~:'he told the man to
D qakrl- I'ass. f. of qak-; s.i.a.m.l g. w. s o n ~ e measure the cotton cloth in Turkish cubits';
a Turkish cubit is two-thirds of an (ordinary)
phonetic changes and a wide range of mean- cubit Kay. 11345 (qrglatu:r, qlg1atma:k).
ings. Uyg. XIV Chin.-Uyg. Diet. 'the lightning
flashed' not qaktldt R III 1846; Ligcti 186: D quglat- Caus. f. of qugla:-; s.i.s.m.l. as
Xak. XI ~ a k m a kqakrld~:qtrdrhn'l-zand 'the qulgat-. Xak. X I nl to:nln cuglattl: 'he
strike-a-liqht was struck'; and one says ta:g ordered (someone) to wrap u p his garment'(the
qakrldr: the stone was struck and sparks translation hamala mingayri fatobihi is corrupt)
flew'; and one says ( ? in Oguz) so:z kulakka: Kai. I1 345 (quglatu:r, qug1atma:k).
qnk~ldr:'the word was poured (sirbhn) into
his ear' Kaj. I1 133 (qakllur, qak1lma:k; in D qakltn- Hap. leg.; vocalized caklan-, but
a verse qak~ltlr:klzll o t 'sparks flew (from the obviously Refl. f. of qakll-; 'to flare up'.
hone's hooves)': Gag. xvff. qakrl- (spelt) Kaf.'s translation is very free. Xak. XI ozUm
(I) gnzida p d a n 'to be bitten or stung'; (2) m e n i ~b u d u r s x n otl: an19 qak11nu:r (cak-
si'ciyat karda pudan 'to be slandered'; (3) lanutr) it describes his love and says 'my heart
cl,trtcxy{dn jirdnn 6fnj uja harp '(of fire or is like a quail and revolves (on a spit) over the
fire of love for him' (yntnqallob 'old nlir XI e r qofi1:la:dl: 'tlic tiran screamed and
lrrthbilr~)I<nl. 1513. 5 ; n.ni.e. shouted' (jo,~ohn . . . 7ro $ri/zo) (qoR~:la:r,
qog1:ln:ma:k); also pronollncrd pnffl:Ia:clt:,
111; 1 q1:glan- Flap. Icg.; Refl. f of qlgla:-; one says su:v qafi1:ln:dl: 'the water I~nbhled'
the word is actually spclt qlglandl: but is (.rorrn); j a g ~ : l a : d ~ : ,$agl:ln:tll: hr~th dialect
quoted in a para. regarding the meanings of forms (Irrgo) (qag~:la:r, qaftt:la:ma:k) Kor.
Ilrll. 1)rn. \'.s fr. 'trilitcral' \I-nrds, which III 324 (vcrsr c o n t a i n i ~ iqofii:la:cl~:
~ ,mxnhn
tnlplies FI:& Xak. X I b o z q~jilandr:duri'a'l- and jag1:la:dl: (hlood flowcd) hi-snrir kn-
-hirhds 'the cotton cloth was measured in -soriri'l-md'): X I V Mtrh. snrirr~'1-nrd' SU: Fa-
[Turkish] cuhits' Iioj. 111 198, 19; n.m.e. j.,~lamalc 11lrl. 73, 13; H i f . 1 7 0
1) 2 qlfilall- Ilap. Icg.; vocalized yoglan- but
this must be an error. ?'his is clearly a Iiefl.
Den. V. of 3 $19 (FIR) and syn. with ~ l l a n - I ) $ a k m a : k Conc. N. fr. q a k - ; 'a str~lte-a-
q.v., so is anachronistic in IGq.; as there i s tight, flint ant1 steel'. S.i.o.n~.l.p.cxccpt NE
no Aor. or Infin. it was prob. inserted by whicl~uscs fortns of o t l u k (cf. 1 otlug). Sec
a later hand. Survives in S W I<az. q ~ k l a n - I>oerfer 111 1007. X a k . X I qakmn:k 'the
'to be moist, wet' R I I I 2060. Cf. qavla:-. strike-a-lipht' (a/-zond) with which (fire) is
X a k . si ct qlglandr: tolnhsuaca'l-lallm 'the stnlck; it is hoth a Noun and an Infin. likc
nirat was half coolted' (i.c. still moist) Kaa. cnrrrrl and conrid (sic) in Ar. Knj. I 469; 0.0.
II 245. I1 17 (qak-); 133 ( q a k ~ l - ) ,etc.: xlv Muh.
ol-ntiqdo!ra 'a steel' q a k m a k iVIc1. 58, 14;
I) coalan- (qo:glan-) I-lap. leg.; Refl. Den. Rif. 169: Gag. xv ff. $akm,ak frildri-i n'loj-
\'. fr. yo:& Kag. X I o:t qogland!: 'the fire -znno 'a steel for striking fire , in Ar. qnrlddlrn
\\-as scorching hot' (ilfohuhn); also used of the and nriqrin!rn Son. 207v. 21 (quotn.): X w a r .
sun when its scorching rays (Itrlr6hrrhn', mis- s l v ditto Qrrtb 41 : KIP. X I I I ol-zirrdd q a k m a k
sprlt Itr'ahrrlr~T) fall Iiny.It 245 (qo:glanu:r. Id. 17, 17: slv qnkrnalc (c-) nl-rlntltl~i~r~r Id. 44:
qo:glanma:k sic). xv nl-zindti g a k m a k (sic) Knv. 64, 8.
D quglan- (q11:glan-) Refl. f. of qugla:-; VUF qukm1:n IInp. Icg.; I.-w. fr. Chinese,
I(c~p.'s translation in the main entry is metaph. the second srllnblc perhaps mort 'stcatncd
S . i . ~ . m . l . ~ng. qulgan- 'to he wrapped', etc. dumplines' (Giles 7,639). X a k . X I qukm1:n
X a k . X I sii k a m u g quR1nnd1: cd'a'l-crmd bi- 'a loaf (xubz) made in the shape of a cake'
-qnddihi rco qrldifihi 'the army came in a solid (al-ho'k) and cooked In steam in a cooking
mass', also used of things of any kind when pot; it is the most wholesome (onrro') frirrn of
they gather together (ta'ollaba) Kaf. 11 24s bread Ko$. 1 4 44.
(quklanu:r, qug1anma:k); (in tlic same para.
as 1 q1:glan-, q.v.) tava:r qu:glnndl: (sic) q a g m u r 'turnip, Brnssicn mpo'; although
rrrzitna'l-mitd' 'thc merchandise mas packed this spcllinp is pcc. to K n g it is prob. the
up' III 19s. IS: st\. Alrth. loffo (?Itrffa) 'to nripinal one, cf. y s g m u r . Survives as qattl-
\vmp I I ( ~ ? to hc ~vrappedup)' q u e l a n - &fd. g u r in SI: 'l'iirki 'turnip' Shnru 96; Jurri,rc
71, I ( ~ ~ n l Rif. y ; I 15 see Sam:-): tag. s v ff. 64; 'radish' 1Ly 2351 and SLY ss Anat. ' t u r n ~ p '
~ t ~ l ~ n l r - / ~ u picicln
l f i a ~jrcrhrrr
- 'tr, he wrapped' S I I D 246, hut i r ~tnost langunaes displaced 1)).
.Yon. 214v. 9: X w a r . slv qulgnn- 'to be I+. jnlcanr. Xnk. X I q a g m u r ol-lifl 'turnip'
\\rapper1 (in sonrethinc Dnt.)' Qrrth 44 (also KO$. I 16, 2 1 ; qa&rnur 01-golcottt; q n m a u r
q u l g n t ~ l - ; and qulgaq- 'to curl up like n the snmc, nictathesizcri 1457.
<n:ikcl): K o m . srv'tohr \\ rappcd'(ins\s~addling
cluthe.;) qulgan- CCG; Gr. 77 (quotn.). T r i s . V . CGM-
PC!I) q o k m a k l n n - I-fap. leg.; an thi? nord
Tris. C ~ L occurs hctwccn t ~ j i r a k l a n -2nd q a t n g u k l n n -
I; '1elIva:r o l ~ v i o u s ln~ I.-\Y. prob. Iranian, the q- ntid -klan- can I)c taken as certain, h u t
since -7~iris a common Iranian suflix. I t seems there is no se~nanticconnectir~n with ~ o k - ;
clear that this tncans 'cross-bow'; cross-bow thc srmantic connectinn is rather ~ v i t hqlfi-;
arrows are shorter than ordinary arrows, and a connection ~virh qu:F: is niorphnlopically
thts explains Kn$.'s translation. T h c cross-bow impocsible, I,ut notc the Xwar. meaning of
was not a nativc Turkish weapon. Jn the form qulgag- (qu:klnn-). Xnk. y1la:n q o k m a k -
in .'llrrh. - m - map bc a scribal error for -v- Iandl: 'the sn:~liccurlcd up and wnunti itsclf
or a See. sr~uncl. X a k . :ir qtg11va:r okl: al- up' (torn!r/rol . . . rco istndcrnt) I'&$.11 275
-!trtsbdna rtn hiyn'l-sihdrtttr'l-qisdr'short arrows' ( ~ o k m a k l a n u : r ,qolcmaklanma:k).
Koj. I 493 (verse): srv Jlrrh.(?) qnwsrt'l-cnrx
'cross-how' qtg11ma:r (un\-ocalized) Rij. 173 Dis. c ~ N
(onl!.). q1ga:ii 'poor, destitute'. Sur\rivcs only(?) in
S l V xx Anat. c i g a n (sic) .PUI1 258. TUrkIi
T r i s . V. C ~ L - V I I I y o k qlgafi b o d u n l g k o p k u v r a t d ~ m
: I a : - \'. fr. $a&~:/qo@:; q ~ g a f iboduntfi b a y k l l d l m 'I collected all
1) ~ n ~ ~ : I a : - / q o ~ ~ Ilen.
11.o.a.h.. but the shorter fort~lqagla- occurs In the rlestitilte poor people; I made the poor
Sly Osm. and longer forms likc q a g ~ l d a - , proplc rich' I S 10, II N 8; two 0.0.: v111ff.
qakrldn- in severol modern languages. Xak. q ~ e a f ie r oglt: IrkR 30: IJyR. ff. Man.
 ?F rag": a falcon, prob. specifically 'the 124, 176: Xwar. x l ~ r q a g ~ r - 'to call out'
merlin, stone falcon, IIypntriorcl~irorsolon'; cf. 'Ali 27: (xrv qaklr- 'to proclaim' or qaklrt-
qaklr. It is possible that t h ~ stno,
, is a corrup- 'to order to proclaim'? L)trt/~41): K o m . xlv
tion of Latin socrr, hut, if so, the channel of 'to call c~ut' $agar-; (of a cock) 'to crow'
transmission is obscurc. Cf. qavll:, togan, qakar- (src) CCG; Gr. 72 (quotns.): KIP.
turatmta:y, 1a:qln. Xak. XI qagrl: nl-$aqr sr!r za'nqo qnalr- Ilorr. 34, 13; ffi(ta nrina 1-
'a small falcon'; and a man i~ called qagrl: beg -$1y6!1 qaglr- do. 4 1 , 10: S I V qnglr- fa1111Id.
after it Knq. I 4 2 1 ; o.o. 1421, I j ; 11343, 16; 43: xv 'ayyn!~ euajinruriw$n 'to shout and make
III 332(tarasla:-): K B qagrl b e g 4068 (see an uproar' (krvklr- nnrl) 9a:gIr- (sir) Kav.
qavl~:): xlv Afrth.(?) nl-brizi 'falcon' qagry: 78, lo.
(r-ocalized cnftrr:, in margin kerqagay) Rrf.
I 75 (only).
1) qtknr- Calls. f. of qlk-; ' ~ I Ihrinp out, srnd
out', and the likc. S.i.a.n~.l.g.rv. some phonetic
(I))~121% basically 'something which revolves', changes and extensinns nf meaning, esp. irr
hence 'mill-wheel; pulley; the celestial firma- SW. Cf. c ~ k t u r - . Xak. X I m e n a m : evden
ment', and the like; as such, pec. to Kay., but ~ l k a r d l r n'I brought [or s m t , nxroctirhu) him
a syn. word $lgrrk/qlkrlk appears in the out of the house' (etc.) Kag. I1 83 (qtka:rur
medieval period and s.i.a.m.l.g. except NE, (sic), qtkarma:k): K B tiligde q ~ k a r r n a
usually meaning 'cotton-gin'. Doth words yaragsiz siiziig 'do nnt let a useless remark
seem to be Dev. N.s fr. *qlglr-. Xak. X I escape your tongue' 169; tegizdin qlkar-
qrgrl: nl-jalok; one says ko:k qlgr~:sl: rnaaa yinqii kigi 'if a nian docs not hring up
jolokrc'l-snmli 'the heavenly firmament', and a pearl nut nf the sea' 212; (Aytoldr) q ~ k a r c i ~
q t g r ~ : is ,jalakti'l-triIr~fn run'l-nri'lir 'a mill- tohtk 'hrol~ght out ;I 1x41' 622; 0.0. 1916
wheel, water-wheel', and the like, and fihri- (bakrr), etc.: x~rr(?)TcJ. qtkar- ditto 359:
cnfu'l-ihrisam 'a spool(?) of silk', and also any srv Mrrlr.(?) xnlrr'n 'to take off, throw off'
'pulley' (bokra) Kof. 1421 ; n.o.11 82 (qeviir-); qtknr- Rif. 108 (only): F a g . xv fT. qtkar-
2.30 (qevriil-); 241 (tegzin-); 303 (ud-): (-gall) ~tl;nr- I'd. 241 (~luotnq,); qlkar-
xrv Altth.(?) 01-dlilcib 'reel, water-wheel', etc. (spelt) Caus. f. ; bu-dc~rdmnrdon 'to hring out',
q l x r ~ k(mis-spelt pyrrk) Rif. 162 (only): Gag. and idiomntically 'to give one's daughter to
xv ff. q ~ k r r k(spelt) ' n wheel ( p r x i ) on which a suitor' Snn. 219r. 15 (quotns.): X w a r . xrlr
they spin cotton and silk and wind it on to q l k a t - 'to bring out' 'Ali 27: xrv ditto Qutb
reels' (d~ilribhd);also called qlktr San. 219v. 7: 46: K o m . x ~ v'to bring out, draw out' c ~ g a r -
Xurar. xrv q t k ~ r'spinning-wheel' Qrrfb 46; CCI, CCG; Gr. 78 (quotn.): KIP. xrrr xala'a
(PU), q~grr:k( 6 - unvocalized), meaning un- p k a r - Iiou. 33, 2 0 : xrv qlgar- axraca; the
certain, ends the description of a hideous old -g- was changed from -k-; the original form
man, 'how shall I describe that &nk?', (aflrrhr~)was qtkdur- bccause it is the Caus.
perhaps a different word do. .+o(&rzk): T k m . f. of q1k- fd. 43: xv nxmca qlkar- (sic) Knv.
xrrr driliibrr'l-qrrln 'cotton rcel' q l k r ~ k(vocal- 69, 4; qala'a ('to send away, dismiss'), nxraco,
ized pkrrk) Hou. 17, 6: KIP.(?) xlv qlkrlk a/la'a ('to hring up, vomit') q ~ k a r -Tuit. 3oa.
(c-) 'the wheel (01-driln'b) on which thread is 9; a.0. gjb. I I .
spun' Ill. 44.
?I) qlkr11:- I1:rp. leg., hut scc q l a r u k , qrfi-
qakrak Hap. leg. and not a niain entry, per- r u t - ; prob. a Tlcn. V. fr. q ~ g l r .Xnk. sr y6:r
haps mis-spelt; there is rlo widely distributed $tgru:d~: tolnhh~~d~rti'l-ord rcn yolrrhnt milt
word for 'bald' in Turkish. Xak. xl (there is knjra raki run ntnsy 'nlayhi 'the firound was
no grass on a scree on the mountains) q a k r a k trampled down and hardened because of a
blle: u v u t boJma:g In !,nyri' nm'a'l-racrli'l- great deal of stamping and walking on it'; also
-nqra' 'a man is not ashamed of being bald' used of anything which was originally soft
Kaf. 1469, 1 2 . (.fihi rnsriron) and s~tbsequcntlybecotnes hard
KO$. T I 1 280 ( q ~ g r u : q1gru:ma:k).
~,

1) 51gruk Hap. leg.; the $- is unvocalized, ~ 1 k r a : -'to squeak, grate', and the likc. Sur-
but there is no doubt that this is a Pass. Ilev. 'vives only(?) in NE 'I'rl. qtklra- R I11 2058.
N./A. fr. qrgru:-. Xak. X I qlgruk y8:r al- Xak. sr tl:$ q t k r s : d ~ : 'the tecth gra!cd'
'ground which has
-ardrc'l-n~rrrokkalntu'l-s111ha (fnrra); and one says k a p u g pkra:dl: the
been trampled on until it is hard' Kaj. 1469. door creaked' (snrra); also used when a man
shouts in a quarrel (sGltm f i xrrftimn) and the
D ~ S .V. CCR- like Koj. I11 280 ( q ~ k r a : r ,q1kra:ma:k).
q a k ~ r -'to call out, shout', and like. Not qokra:- (of liquids, primarily those .which are
recorded before xrlr, hut see qakrl$-, which thick) 'to bubble, boil'. Survives in SW Osm.
suggests that this was originally an Oeuz word; and xx Anat. SDD 365. U y g . V I I I ff. Man.-A
it s.i.a.m.l.g., hou.ever, as qa&r-/qaklr-. (in the human body there are many thoughts
etc.; in NE only in Bar. (Xak.) XIII(?) Trf. and ideas which) q o k r a y u r l a r k a m ~ a y u r l a r
qaglr-lqagur-lqakur- to call out, shout, 'arc (constantly) bubbling and stirring' M III
pleaci' 355-6: xlv klrrh. za'aqa 'to shriek, cry 9, rg (ii): Xak. XI e ~ i qo1tra:dr:
q 'the cooking
out' q a : g ~ r - J f r l . 26. 15; q a : k ~ r - R(f. 110; pot I>~~ilc.~I'(~ctlnr)
with s<~lncthing thick ((nrin)
sa11n ditto 27, 13; I I r ; 01-infir 'to whistle' likc n mc:lt 111rdgrain stew or porriclpc; but if
qa:grrrnak 7.3, r I ;(s1kl:rmak I 76); 0.0. Hif. it Imils wit11 sonlething thin (rrrrliq) one says
k a y n a d ~ :not qokra:d~:;and one says m i o a r D q ~ k r ~ gIlap. - leg.(?); Recip. f. of qikar-.
qokra:d~:'the spring buhbled up' (ftirn) and Xak. X I (01a:r) bi:r b1:rnig o g r l : l ~ k ~ n
its water became like the boiling of a pot KO$. q~krrgcll:(vocalized ~lkarr~dr:)'each of them
111 280 (qokra:r, qokra:ma:k): Kip. xlv took it upon himself (fawnlla) to disclose
qokra- ( c - ) (of a cooking pot) to boil (#nlnl) ( i n d c ) the thievishness of the other'; also used
with something thick(,$di?) in it fd. 44: O s m . of ixrdc of anything when (two people) com-
xv and xvr qokra- .'to huhhle, boil', esp. pete or help unc another Knj. I1 208 (qlk-
mctanh.. in several tcxts T T S 1 165: 11 2s1: rlgu:r, ~ ~ k r l $ m a : k ) .
D qokrav- Co-op. f. of qokra:-; survives
11 *qakrad- I I a p leg.; 'I'rans. Den. V. fr. only(?) in S W xn Anat. SD13 365, with
q a k i r ; the -d- was assimilated in the Perf., meraph. rneanincs. Xak. xr tepiz1e:r cok-
and as in some other cases KO$. has carried ragdi: 'the salt marshes bubbled'(ga1af); also
the resultant -t- through to other conjugational used of several things (fay' kalir) when they
forms, prob. in error. Xak. di e r k6:zin qak- bubble or jostle (nrZca) together; hence one
r a t t ~ :'the man rolled (qallaha) his eycs and says kigl: bi:r bi:r Iginde ~ o k r a g d l :'the
turned them round (addrahd) so that he showed people jostled (mdcn) one another' Kay. 11 208
the whites' (fa-ca'nla ka'annahu azraq lit. (gokragu:r, ~ 0 k r a g m a : k ) .
'made them as if they mere grey') Kap. 11 334
(qakratu:r, qakratma:k).
T r l s . CGR
U qlgrut- Hap. leg.; Caus. f. of qlgru:-; the V U ? F qugurda:n Iiap Icp ; listed under
vocalization in the MS., as shown below, iq fa'all7rl aftcr the heading D which makes the
chaotic, but this must have heen the original form reasonably certain. It does not, honever,
form. Xak. XI o l y4:rig qlglrttr: 'he tramplcd look Turkish, and the last syllable looks
(rakkalu) on the ground with his feet and made like the PC. suffix -d& 'containing'. It may
it hard' (fallnbnhd); elso used of anything be a hybrid with a corruption of q u k u r 'hole'
when one forcibly applies pressure to it as the first element. Xak. xr qugurda:n al-
(gaddahu bi-qtmuwa) and makes it hard, e.g. -curuf 'a river bank undermined by water' Kay.
flour in a sack when one compresse; it; and r3 I 2.
one says e r o g l ~ n1:gta: qiglrttl: the man
hardened (sallaba) his son with hard work' D qaglrlift 1lap. leg. ;P.N./A. fr. qagir. Xak.
KUF.I 1 333 (gigt~/utu:r,q ~ g n / u t m a : k ;both xr q a g ~ r l i ge r 'a man who owns unfermented
kawa and damma on the 6 ' ) . grape juice' ('apir) Kuj. 1494.
D glkrat- Hap. leg.; Caus. f. of g~kra:-. D gokrama: Intrans. D;v. N./A. fr. $okra:-;
Xak, XI 01 tl:gln $ ~ k r a t t ~'he : ground pcc. to Kas. Xak. xr yokrarna: yul 01-
(alarm) hts teeth:; similarly one says b u g r a : 'an abun-
-'aynu'l-fawz~drnt~~'I-~nrizntt~'I-mZ'
tl:pln y ~ k r a t t l : the camel stallion gnashed
.
his teeth' (qaf+ . . bi-ntibihi); also used of
dant spring spontaneously flowing M-ithwater'
KUJ. 1 4 9 2 ; a.o. 111 4 (yul).
the creaking (01-fnrir) of a door or a pen Kag.
I1 334 (qikratu:r, qtkr;ltma:k).
T r i s . V. c ~ R -
D qokrat- CRUS.f. of $okra:-; 'to boil' (a pot,
or something in it, Arc.). Survives in SW Osm. D qa&rla:- IIap. leg.; Ilen. V. fr. qaglr.
and xx Anat. S D D 366. U y g vlIr ff. Civ. Xak. X I 01 Ilziimnl: qap,srla:di: 'he took grape
kbgiirqgen m a y a k i n k a r a m e n blrle juice ('afir) out of the grapes'; also used for
q o k u r a t ~ p'boil dove's dung with black flour 'to drink (jnribn) grape juice' KO$. I l l 331
(Chinese I.-w.)' H I 40; 0.0. do. 47, 98, 123 (qa&rla:r, gaglr1a:ma:k).
(4giq): Xak. X I egiq qokrattl: 'he boiled (nfki)
the pot' (etc.); it is used of boiling anything D $t&rla:- Hap. lep.; Den. V. fr. qlglr; cf.
with a little water and a large quantity of spices qigru:-. Xak. X I (01) y6:rig q1gtrla:dl: 'he
and grain (nffiwih mn 11lrhrib) K a ~ . I1 333 made a small path (abda'a . . . tariqn) on the
(qokratu:r, cokratma:k): KIP. xrv b u etni: ground, and beat it out vigorously' aimam am
r o k r a t 'boil (ajli) this meat' fd, 44. fihfi); also used when snow covers the gmund
and a man treads out (nhdn'a . . . hi-riclihi)
1) q a k r ~ g -Recip. f. of qaklr-; s.i.s.rn.1. with a path over it Koi. III 331 (q~girla:r,q ~ g i r -
some phonetic changes, e.g. qaktrig-. O g u z 1a:ma:k).
xr bo:y bi:r bi:rke: q a k n g d ~ : 'the tribe
shouted ($+a) to one another' Kag. II 209 D q a g ~ r l a n -Hap. leg.; Refl. f. of qag1r1a:-.
(qakrtqu:r, $aknqma:k): xllr(?) Tef. (VU) Xak. XI e r q a g ~ r l a n d ~'the
: man owned
qa:kng- 'to call out to one another' 356. grape-juice or wine' Kag. I1 267 (qaglrlanu:r,
cagir1anma:k).
D g ~ k r a g -Hap. leg.; Recip. f. of qlkra:-.
Xak. XI tl:q q ~ k r a g t i : sarrati'l-asndn 'the D qlglrlan- Hap. leg.; Refl. f. of $~jjirIa:-.
teeth grated (against each other)'; also used of Xak. xr y k r qiglrlandl: 'paths and narrow
se\~eralof any kind of thinps \vhen they crate tricks appeared (ha& . . . (rmrrq ma nmntdnb)
(against each other) KII?. 11 209 (no Aor. or on the ground' Kny. I1 267 (qlgtrlanu:r,
Infin.). q~g~rlanma:k).
 DIS
D qaxga:- Den. V. fr. yaklg, 1)cv. N. fr.
D qogslz I-iap. Icg.?; Priv. N.iA. fr. CO:~;
qak-, which sceins to be recorded only in S W
'without plory'. IJyg. V I I I ff. Bud. SIIU.299, l o Onm. Xak. X I ta:? qaxga:dl: yatuwata'l-
(tGrinsiz). -rn&in 'the scree clattered'; also ilrred for the
clinking (rc~arrurir)of personal ornaments (htrlli)
T r i s . CCS and other similar sounds Knj. 111 2,86
(qaxga:r, qaxga:ma:k): xrrr(?) TPJ. to
1) qoglslz Hap. lep.?; Priv. N . / A . fr. ~081:. whisper' (ri~nsrcaso)is translated caf8a:-, proh.
Uya. V I I I tT. Isud. tlgisiz qoglslz a r t g d a 'in a scribal error for qakga:- 355: O s m . xv
the silent ( f k n d . ) jungle' U III 10, 13. qaxSa- (of the fr~unclationsof R building) 'to
collapse \r.ith R clattering noise' it1 nlic tcxt
Dis. CCS T T I11 r 36.
D qlkrg Dev. N. (N.Ac.) fr. qlk-; lit. 'coming T r i s . CCq
out', with a wide range of applications.
S.i.a.m.l.g., the commonest meanings being F cax$a:pat, etc. the Sanskrit word iiRsZpadrr
'expenditure' and 'sunrise'. X a k . X I q l k ~ gal- became a I.-w. in Sogdian as Eyr'pS, no doubt
-nrrrnfa'n 'profit'; one says 01 r:gta: q ~ k yo:k
~ g originally in translations of the Duddhist
'there is no profit in that undertaking' (al- scriptures, and from Sogdian became a I.-w.
-'amnl) K n j . I 368: KR (oh you who waste in 'I'urkish, usually with the same spell in^:
your lifc eating and drinkine, prepare for the except for the last lettrr. 11.was adtrpted by the
reckoninn and) qlkl$ yo1 tile 'seek for a way Manichaean missionaries, with other Huddhist
out' 5277; (the third is a shre\vd treasurer) technical terms, to translilte 'commandment',
kirig h a m qtklg b i k e k a z n a k t o l u r 'if hut in Buddhist tern~inoloey was pften also
he knows what is coming in and going out, used !nore vaguely to translate good be-
the treasury fills' 5913 : x ~ vIlfrrh.(?)#,of-xarc haviour', Sanskrit iiIa, see 7.1' V I , p. 66, note
'expenditure' (opposite to nl-darl rncome' 157; it was adopted, fnr some obscure reason,
ki:ri:~) q1kl:g Rif. 151 (only): Gag. svff. as thc ~ianic of the 12th month of the
q1k19 (spelt) ma!rall-i rrcrric a z tnngnciy ba- Uyg. calrndar, see I>oerfrr 11, 627. T i i r k u
-fa&-i r~,nsi''the exit frorn a defile into a G o a d vrrr fi. hIan. o n qxgapt 'the ten command-
open space' San. 2 1 9 ~ .r r (quotn.). ments' Chnas. 191-2; a.o.o.: IJyR. vrrrff.
Man. yazlnqstzln e r m e k q x g a p t g 'the com-
F qaxqu: Hap. leg.; I.-w. with extended mandment to be without sin' T T I11 134;
meaning fr. Sanskrit cak6ri 'eye'. X a k . xr a.0.o. : Bud. Sanskrit jiln q l x g a p a t T T V j j I
qaxgu: al-srrdad 'box thorn, I.yciuml, which P . 3 3 ; Sila qax$a:pat do. A.44; qaxga:pat
is used to treat ophthalrnia (ramadu'l-'ayn); comniandrnent' do. H . 8 ; y a z l n p l z a r ~ g
goyr ofliya, not an original ('I'urkish word) FxSapat t u t m a k iize 'by keeping the com-
Kaj. I 423. mandment (to be) sinless and pure' SNV.205,
15-16; 0.0. spelt qxgapt T7' V 22'37-9, etc.:
D qax$a:k Cnnc. N. fr. qaxga:-. Survives Civ. q a x ~ p a t l q x q a p [ay]
t 'the twelfth month'
r~nly(?)in S\V s x Anat. where it occurs with T T VII I , I!; 24, I S ; ~ a x v a p t / q a x g a p a t /
R surprking range of phonetic changes g a x g a p u t a y IS common In USp.: X I V <;/tin.-
(-a-/-e-/-I- ; -f?,-/-k-I1v-/-y-/zero) usually I J \ f . Ilict. 'the twelfth niontti' y a x g a p u t a y
meaning 'stony ground. X a k . XI qaxga:k R 171 1830; Ligrti 150.
nl-radrE4 'a scree', nn the top of a mountain
(prov. q a k r a k ) : K a r l u k sr $ax$a:k fnliqti'l- Dls. CGY
- ~ r r i ~ t t t i frco'l-znhih 'dried split apricots and V U 1 qlgay [lap. leg. as such; the contest
raisins' A>$.1469. indicates that it mcanssomc kindof textile fibre.
Perhaps survi\-esin SIC 'l'urki yige 'u-ild hemp,
Dis. V. C C $ - a cord niade of wild hemp' Slinsu 104, B $ 2 5 5 ,
D q a k ~ $ -Recip. etc. f. of q a k - ; s.i.s.ni.l. in Jnrrirt,q 72. U y g . V I I I ff. Bud. a m n r l trnllglnr
SE, NC. S\V w t l i n xvicle range of meanings q g a y (sic?) e g l r e r y u g e g i r e r k e n t l r e g i r e r
derived fr. those of yak-. X a k . sl 01 m a g a : 'some proplc spin wild hemp(?) or cutton(?)
gakma:k qakrqdl: 'he helped me to strike or hemp' PI' 2, 2-4 (and see bodlt-).
(fire with) a strike-a-li~ht'; also used for com- S 2 <]gay See qlgafi.
peting Kaj. II 104 (qakl$u:r, qak1gma:k):
q a g . s v ff. qakrq- (spelt) bn-hnm xrurirdan eua VU g o g a y &curs only in a place-name. I t is
co&?drrd knrdan 'to clash with one another and discussed a t length in K. CzegICdy, 'Coyay-
show mutual enmity' San. 2 0 7 ~ .10. -quzi, Qara-qutn, Iiiik-ong' Acfa Orient. H r t n ~ .
X V 1-3, 1962. where it is sugaested, on the
1) qlklg- Co-op., etc. f. of qlk-; s.i.a.rn.1.g. basis of investigations of previous schnlan,
except N E with a wide ranee of meanings. that it is a Common N./A. related to Osm.
X a k . st ola:r ikki: e v d i n q l k l g d ~ :'they huo qogalqogay 'shade, shady'. This is possible,
competed in leaving ( f i xitrric) the house'; also hut, if so, it is odd that it is so poorly attested.
used for helping Kq. I1 104 (qrkxgu:r, 'Shade' is nonnallv k01i:ge:. Tiirkii vjrr
qIkl$ma:k): Gag. xv ff. qlklg- 'to come to bbrye: g o g a y y ~ $(PU) t i i g i l l t k n yam:
an agreement (xrurrf bar-8mnda1r) with one k o n a y l n 'let us settle down in the south in
another' Son. zrqr. 22. the cngay mountain forest and the 'I'ugultu:n
 M O N . V. C G -
(q.v.) I S 6 . 11 N 5; Gogay kuz1:n bones (hi'l-ka'b); when (the knucklebone) has
kara: k u r n l g o l u r u r ertirniz 'we were fallen on its belly (li-bntnihi) one says ~ i k
established on the northern side of CoHay and turd^: Kaj. 1 3 3 4 ; 8.0. III rjo (2 b6:S).
the Kara Kum' T 7.
2 qik Hap. leg.; a quasi-onomatopoeic
Trig. CGY Exclamation. Xak. xr qik qik 'a word used
for calling (du'd) kids, and also when they are
1)(S) q l g a y l ~ k A.N. fr. 2 qigay (qlgaii); driven (siqa) Kay. I 334.
'poverty'. N.0.a.b. Xak. xr KB b o r iqse
a q ~ l dq ~ g a y l ~yo11
k 'if a man drinks wine, D qBk the Imperat. of qak-, hut listed
the way of poverty has been opened (to him)' separately in Kay. and other dicts. as an
2096: XIII(?) At. 187 (1 azuk), 188. 303: Exclamation, and even used as a Noun in
O s m . xv c ~ g n n l i k(sic) 'meanness' in one compound Verbs like qbk et-, ctik tiig-.
text 7.73 III 130. S.i.a.m.l.g. except NE. See Doerfer 111
/ 1141-2. Xak. XI qok q6k 'a word used to
Mon. CG make camels' kneel down' (yun5.x bihi'l-
-ba'ir) Kog. I 334: Gag. xv ff. q6k ('with q-')
1: qe:g Hap. leg.; prob. a I.-w. Xak. X I ge:g a Dev. N. for .firti nirin 'sitting down', in Ar.
'a woven cotton fabric with a striped pattern qu',id and rusrib San, 214r. 22: O s m . xrv to
(ttasic quln 'alE hay'ati'i-btlrd) of which cloaks xvr ci3k u r - 'to kneel down'; in several texts
(01-du!rrr) worn by the Yenie:k are made' Kab T T S I1 244; 111 1.59; 11' 180.
I11 155.
?S qiik See qiibek.
1 qek in the Hap. leg. phr. qek quk, proh.
a mere jingle. Xak. X I qek qiik al-xrrr!i Mon. V. CG-
mina'l-mitd' 'rubbishy goods' Kaj. I 334.
qek- the original meaning is obscure; the
D 2 qek as such n.o.a.b., hut sec qekleg-; no prevailing meaning is now 'to pull', hut it
doubt the Imperat. of qek-, lit. 'draw (one very soon developed many extended mean-
of a n u p h e r of objects used in casting lots)'. ings, both Trans. 'to borrow (money), to
Gag. xv ff. ~ e ('with
k -k') qur'a 'a lot' (in suffer (pain), to smoke (tobacco)' and Intrans.
casting 101s) Vel. 235 (quotn.); qek(spelt) qur'a 'to withdraw'; in S W Rep. Turkish over
San. zo8r. 3 (same quotn.). 30 shades of meaning are distinguished.
S.i.a.m.1.g.; in NE only(?) in Tuv. Xak. XI
?S gig 'moist, raw', and the like. This word 01 bit& qekdi: naqa!n'l-kitab 'he put the
doe3 not appear till the medieval period, and diacritical marks (nuqta) on the writing'; and
its phonetics are most obscure. The oldest one says 01 a t l n gekdl: fafada 'irqa'l-faras 'he
wort1 with this meaning is GI:, q.v., but if bled his horse' ICaj; II 21 (qeke:r, qekme:k):
~ t g l a n - q.v.,
, is really part of the original text xrrr(?) Tef. qek- to pull (a garment Acc..
of Kar., ~ l must g be equally old; the back over one's head Dat.): xrv Muh.(?) al-nntf
vowel also occurs in Xwar. and some KIP. 'to pluck out (hair, etc.)' qekmek Ri/. 121
texts, hut gig is equally widespread in the (only): Gag. xv ff. qFk- (-megiim d u r , etc.)
medieval period. Both forms s.i.a.m.l.g. It is ~ e k -Vel. 241-2; qFk- ('with 5-') kajidan 'to
dificult to reconcile all these forms; qig may pull' Son. 219v. 13 (quotns.): Xwar. XIII(?)
well be a Sec. f. of G I ~it ;is, however, difficult qerig qekip 'calling u p an army' 02. 113;
on chronological grounds to describe $1: as a.0. 235 (1 emgek): Klp. X I V qek- (c-) cadaba
a Sec. f. of that word. (Xak. ?)XIV Muh. al-ni 'to pull' Id. 44: xv wazatta ow cabadn (meta-
'raw' (opposite to 'cooked' p~grnlg)qi:g Me!. thesis of cadaba) 'to weigh, or to pull' gek-
56, 7 ; Iiif. 154: X w a r . xrv qtk (sic) :dew, (sic) Knrr. 9, 7; 75, 1 1 ; 78, 3 ; cabada am carra
inoisture; moist' Qrrtb 45: Kom. xlv 'dew' ('to drag') qek- l'rrh. 12a. 4: O s m . XVI ff.
qig C C I , CCG; Gy.: KIP. xllr at-la!~mu'l-ni qek- 'to pull, to weigh'; in several texts T T S
'raw meat' qi:ge:t ( ~ none word) Horr. 15, 19: II 216; III 143; I V 161; and w e d to translate
X I V q1k 01-nadd 'moisture' . . . qik ('with -kl) t a r t - in Vtl.
at-ni; and one says qiket (in one word) af-
-lnhmtr'l-ni; and an inexperienced (al-gamr) qig- 'to tie up, fasten, knot'. T h e vocalization
man is called qik fd. 44; al-nada elk BtrI. 3, 3: of this V. and some der. f.s is chaotic in Kaf.,
xv al-nodE qfik (sic) Kav. 5 4 , s ; ni (VU) $1 Trrh. prob. owing to some confusion with qek-.
36b. 10: O s m . xvr gig d a v a r 'an unbroken Syn. w. ba:- (and bagla:-) and qlg-. S u ~ v e s
horse' in one text T T S I1233 : xvrrr qih (spelt) only(?) in SE Tiirki, Sham, B$, Jarring.
in R,imi, ~abnbnamwa laragpvh-inarm 'detv,gentle Xak. XI o l tiirge:k ba:gm qigdi: (vocalized
drizzle' San. 222r. 9. ~egdi:) 'he made fast (radda) the cords round
the parcel' Kaj. II 21 (gige:r, qigrne:k un-
1 qik a technical term in the game of knuckle- vocalized): K B 61 t o (iize~u:).
bones, opposite to 2 bo:g, q.v.; acc. to Red.
and Yudnkhin 'the concave side of a knuckle- q6k- 'to kneel down', esp. of a camel, but also
bone'; see also the monograph on this game of human beings, and more vaguely 'to sink,
in S D D VI zoff. Survives in N C Krr. subside, collapse', and the like. S.i.a.m.l.g. Ir..
qlklqlge and S W Osrn. Red. 746; xx Anat. some phonetic changes ($-I$- ; -k-1-g-, etc.).
S l l D 273, 334, 349. Xak. X I qik an Inde- Cf. 2 s6k-. Tiirkii VIII ff. Man. k61jiiliirn .
clinable (liar/) used in the game of knuckle- qBkti kor[ktl] 'my heart sank and was afraid'
 M O N . V. C G -
T T 118, 48: Uyg. slv Chin.-UJ*~.Dict. 'to Dud. Sanskrit ka~!rrfrtsokrri~r, meaning unknown
kneel' qok- A' I11 20.34; I,i~*rfi154: Xak. X I (adjxcnt words refcr to elephants) qiigte:sin
ol begke: qiiktli: 'hc knelt (crr!d) before'the 7 I VIIl C.6 (-t- it1 these texts often tepre-
beg' (etc.); and one says tevey qbkdi: the sents -d-); Civ. qiigde t e p r e s e r a s l g bolur
camel knelt down' (bnrako); and one says 'if the mastoid process twitches, it will be
temiir suvda: q8kdi: 'the iron sank (rasaba) profitahle' T T VII 34, 7: Xak. X I qiigde:
in the water' (etc.) Koj. II 2 1 (qoke:r. qbk- (spelt r i i i i f ~ ~which
., ti1iplit rrprcccnt qiigde:,
me:k): ~ I I I ( ?cf.
) t h i n qok- 'to kneel' 360; as in the heatling to the section jrr'l~y (i.e.
Gag. sv ff. qok- (spclt) firri nijlistotc 'to sub- fa*li), fa'l~i,fo'li, or he a misvocalization of
side' Son. 214r. t o : X w a r .stv q6k- 'to kneel; qiigdi:) 01-xrrsd, that is the projection (al-fa's)
to collapse' Q~rtb 44: Kom. srv 'to kneel' in the skull hehind the enr Kaf. I 4 1 8 .
qok- CCG; Gr. 76 (quotn.): Klp. X I I I
bnmka'l-comgl tewe: qiikti: Horr. 14, I S : ~ l y N./A. fr. qig
1) qlgdem p r r s u ~ ~ ~ a lDen.
s ~ q6k-
v (c-) co!li'l-irtscin Id. 44: sv 90k- (stc) which etymoloyic:illv should Incan 'moirtish'
'to kneel (hanrko) on both front knees' Kav. or the like. Survives in SW Osm. tneaning
I), 6 ; 76, 3; haroha q6k- Trrh. 8b. 6; ca!E 'crortlr, Crocur mlivtrr'. Uyg. VIII ff. Bud. 62-
(bagdag oltur-; in margin) q6k- (lo. 12a. 10. !erdeki ozeklerdcki yovn qtgidem (sic)
fungi(?) and crocuses(?) growing in valleys
Dis. C G E and srnali valleys' TT V 28, 122-3 (see note
thereon).
S cigi: See yigi:.
?F q1kte:n Hap. Icy.; proh. a Chinese I.-~v.;
P U ? F qiige: IIap. leg.; the -g- is so marked in there are other colnmnner words with this
the Fergana MS.; the word must mean some- meaning. Xak. X I q1kte:n @~iyolri'l-sorc
thing like 'cloak' and may be an early cor- 'saddle cover' Kaj. 1435.
ruption of Pe. ~ t i x d'a woollen cloak', which
appears as a I.-w. i.a.m.1.g. except NE, SE Dis. V. CGD-
in various forms including qogalquga. Xak. D @kit-IqSkiit- Caus. f. of q8k-; pec. to
XI K B k a d a v ~ n
k o~r d i uzatu y a t u r qUgesin Uyg.; cf. qbktilr-, qoklir-. Uyg. vrti ff.
taqenmlq yegin y a s t a n u r 'he saw hie friend nod. o g t h i n qakitip 'bending 11is right
lying outstretched, covered with his cloak with knee' U I1 47, 78; ikl tlzin qbkiitll o l u r u p
his sleeves as a pillow' 5974, 'sitting cross-legged' U 111 28, 12; 0.0.
I> qiike: Dev. N. fr. q6k-. Survives(?) in SE U I V 36, 106; Suer. 36, 17 (ogdunk~:);USp.
'I'iirki qcike 'the beam of a weighing machine' 101, 7.
(i.e. the part that sinks) B$ 268; 'chop-sticks' 1) qektiir- Caus. f. of qek-; survives in much
Jarring 76 (prob. a corruption of a Chinese the same languages with the same wide range
phr.) and SW Osm. coke 'the breast of a of meanings. Xnk, ai (01) a o a r cekig qek-
camel' (which touches the ground when it tiirdi: onqo!ohti nuqnla'l-kitdb 'he told him to
kneels). U Y ~ vnr . if. Bud. k ~ l g u l u kq6ke put diacritical marks on the writing'; and one
y a g ~ n'the kind of obeisance which should says 01 a t i n qektilrdl: 'he had his horse hled
he ~nade'U II 41, 21: (xtv Chit!.-Uyi. Dict. (offorlo) because of sore hooves (01-rah$u) etc.'
rlrrr 'chop-sticks' (Gilrs 2,563) qBki Ligeti 154). f i l s , II 181 (qektllrur, cektilrdl:): Gag.
s v tf. qCktiir- (spelt) Caus. f.; kajdnidan 'to
Dls. C G D order to pull' Son. 219v. 28: KIP. xv (in a
qigit 'cotton-seed'. Survives in SE Tiirki, parp. on the Caus. f.) istochado ditto qektir-
Slmru, B$,j'arriirg; S C Uzb.; und S W Osm. filr. 55a. 2.
(where it is nlso spelt q ~ g and ~ t also means D qigtiir- Hap. leg.; CHIIS.f. of qig-. Xak.
'a freckle'). 'I'kn~. (where it is also used for X I o l tiigii:n Figtiirdi: 'he ordered that the
~nelori,ponlegrannte. rtc., seeds). See Doerfer knots on the parcel (etc.) should be tightened'
111 I 108. Argu: XI qigit ?~abbrc'l-qrrfn'cotton- (hi-$odd) Kap. 11 180 (qigtiiriir, qlgtiirme:k,
seed' KO$. I 356: Gag. xv ff. $@it (spelt) so spelt everywhcre).
ponba dZna 'cotton-seed' San. 220t. 10: KIP.
XIV qlgit ltrbhs'l-qu!n 'cotton-sced' Id. 45: D coktiir- Caus f. of cok-; cf. @kit-, qbkiir-.
O s m . xrv ff. q121t 'a freckle or other spot on Survives in the same languages and with the
the face'; c.i.a.p. T T S I 157; I1 227; III 149; same range of nlcanings as ~ i i k - . Xak. XI 01
I V 167: xvlrt q ~ g l t(spelt) in Rzimi, 'spots' anrg tevesi:n qokttirdi: 'he made his camel
(danolzd) which appear on the face of a preg- kneel' (istanci.ua ba'irahu); one also says 01
nant woman; a corruption of $1git 'cotton- kurnilg altu:ndun qiiktUrdi: axlafa'l-dahab
seed' Son. 21th. 22. nrina'l-fidia bi'l-indba ma arsabahu fi'l-ard 'he
~eparatedthe gold from the silver by smelting
D qokiit 1Iap. leg.; Dev. N.A. fr. $Sk- with and precipitated it in earth' Kaj. II 181
a connotation of having collapsed or the like. (qokturiir, qoktiirme:k).
cf. qokiitliik. Xak. st qokiit klgi: 'a man
(etc.) xvlio is short of stature' (01-qa~ir)Kay. T r i s . CGD
1356. D ~iikiitliikII:lp. leg.; A.N. fr. ciikUt. Xak.
PU qtigde: 'the projecting bone hehind the XI ~Bkiitliikqo~rtr'l-ct~!!a 'shortness of stature'
ear, P~OCPSSIIS n~ostoirier~s'.N.o.n.h. UyB. V I I I ff. Kaf. I 506
 CGN 415

Dis. CGG 'the knot was ti~htcned'(i$tad~lat);

also used
11 qekek Scc CQqek. of a rope when it is knotted (in'nqada) Kaj.
11134 (clgllU:r, qigi1me:k).
1) qeklg Uev. N. fr. qek-; pec. to Kay. Xak.
x t qeklg nrcqatu'l-kitrib 'diacritical points in D qekleg- Hap. leg. ; Recip. Den. V. fr. 2 qek.
writing': qekig 'ardu'l-fabi fi rigarihi 'the Xak. X I 01 men19 birle: qeklegdi: qdra'a
penis of a boy when'he is sniall' Kay. I1 287; ma'i mina'l-qur'a 'he drew lots with me' K a f .
0.0. 11 107 (qeklg-); 149 (qekin-); 181 I1 210 (qeklegU:r, qeklegme:k).
(qektiir-). D qiglfg- Hap. leg.; Co-op. f. of clgil-, with
qeklk 'the lark, Alauda'. Survives only in SW the connotation of collective action. Xak. xr
Osm. qeklk Red. 727, which shows that the tiigii:n k a m u g qlgligdi: 'the knots were all
last letter was -k. Xak. X I qekik [ri'ir ka'l- tightened' (iytaddat) Kay. 11 210 (qig1igii:r.
-was' cl'ram ya'lafu'l-!torrs 'a speckled bird like q1gllgme:k; everywhere vocalized rigilif-).
the ruaf' (prob. a specific t y m , but the dicts.
translate 'small bird, fledgeling'), which fre- Dis. CGN
quents stony ground' KO?. I 1 287: O s m . xv cekun Hap. leg. Xak. X I qekiin u,aladrr'l-wobr
and xvr qekiklqekiik translates Ar. sifrid and 'the young of the marmot' Kaf. 1402.
qirtrbrrra 'lark' in three dicts. T T S I1 217.
E clgen in KR 61 10; read qiggen and see
(D) q e k u k Hap. leg.; this might well be a iizegii:.
~ e n u i n eTurkish word der. fr. qek-; there is
a syn. Pe. word r a k u ~and it is corn~nonly ciglnlqikin Preliminary note. TIier~is some
believed that xrv Muh. qektiq Me1. 6 1 , 8; conf~rsionabout rcords of this form. There reas
Rij. 160: Gag. xv ff. qekiiq/qekug/qokliq/ almost certainly in the medieval period a Dew.
qtbkiig Vel. 234; San. 208r. 10; zr4r. 26: N. fr. qig-, qigin ' a knot' noted in X!V Rbg.
Kom. q a k u ~C C I ; Gr. (in both the Tur- R I11 1958 (qrrotn.) and Cut. X V ff. Vel. 242,
kish and the Pe. vocabularies): I<lp. xrrr although San. 2zor. 2 4 says, rather uncon-
qe:kii:q Hou. 23, zo: xrv qekiiq Id. 44: xv
qekUg Tuh. 34a 4: Osm. xrv and xvl qekiiq vincingly, that this isa mistranslation. This ward
T T S I 152; I11 143 are Pe. 1.-w.s. Fekuq now seems to he obsolete. There was atso a word
is obviously not a Turkish form but might qigin meaning 'the upper part of the shoulder
be a corruption of qekiiv; this word looks between the neck and the shoulder-blade' (Red.)
much more Turkish than PC., and the explana- (perhaps etymologically the some word in the
tion proh. is that there were two Dev. N.s sense of 'the part which ties the neck to the
Ir. qek-, qekuk, and qektig, both very local shoulder-blade') noted in Cat. Vel. 242, San.
words meaning 'sledge-hammer, blacksmith's zzor. 2 2 , current in Osm. fr. the earliest period
hammer', of which the first survives only in
Kat., while the second became a I.-w. in Pe. and still nrrrmt there and in Tkm., and in Az.
and was reborrowed in the medieval period. ns qlyin. Ka$. lists ttco words of this form
It still survives in NW 1<az. qiikeq: I<k. meaning respectively ' a kind of plant' and
qakkig; I<umyk ~ S k i i q ;Nog. gokig. Cf. 'a kind of silk fabric'. San. Itas two parallel
bazga:n. See Dorr<er 111 rlog. O g u z X I entries, but in each case quotes alternative forms
qekiik al-mitraqa sledge-hammer, black- with -e- in the first syllable, which suggests an
smith's hammer' Kay. 11287. original -6-. In the lotter case the word survites
D qokiik (cokok) Pass. Dey. N./A. fr. qok-. with -i- so this is unlikely. I n the fornrer San.
Survives in SW Osm. collapsed, sunk, lists different plants with -k- and -g- in the
precipitated', etc. Uyg. V I I I ti. Bud. Sanskrit middle. As no such planl names seem to survive,
Iittdbhi!arphi(ta) 'swaying and doubtful' $okiiQ the nrrmber of plants involved, and tltr pro-
(sic?) bolgoka: ( p - ) s4zekl6g T T VIIZ A.18 nunciation, remain obscure.
(lit. perhaps 'fearing that one will collapse'):
Gag. xv fT. qokekfirri niyasta zca rdsib 'sitting; P U 1 qikl:n name of a plant or plants n.0.a.b.
sinking', also in the meaning of dtrrd qua Icy Xak. XI ciki:n 'a plant (nabt) which grows
rva ruslih 'sediment, lees, precipitate' San. among the vines, forms ears (or blossoms,
214r. 24: O s m XVI ff. qokek (I) 'sediment, musanbala(n)), and is eaten by cattle' Kas. I
etc.'; (2) treacherous, boggy ground'; (3) 414: Gag. xv ff. qikin (speit in full 'with -8-',
'a place where camels kneel to rest'; coninlon but -k- intended, see below) (I) sobza wa
T T S 1 1 6 6 : 11243; I11 158; I V 179. giycih 'green vegetable or grass' San. zzor. 19
(quotns.) . . . qlgin('with -g-')(3) 'black seeds
Dls. V. CGL- (dZnalrb) which grow among the rice fields and
D qekil- Pass. f. of qek-; s.i.s.m.l. Xak. XI have sharp ends (or beards, dum) like rice' . . .
bitig qekildi: nuqita'l-kitlib 'the writing (etc.) !3) the name of a plant called us[-dris
was marked with diacritical marks' Kay. 11 French lavender' used as a laxative, and to
I 3 (qekiliir, qekl1me:k): Gag. xv if. q6kil-/ strengthen the heart and reduce anxiety(?)
qikizi- kajida gudm 'to be pulled' San. 220r. ZZ; qekin same translation; qegin
zzor. I . ('with -g-') ( I ) only 208r. 15-16.
D qigil- Pass. f. of gig-; survives in SE Turki ?F 2 qiki:n survives in NW Kaz. qlgin 'gold
Shntv, R$, rarring. Xak. X I tiigii:n qlglldi: embroidery' R 111z I 14. Prob. a Chinese I.-w.;
 DIS. CGN
the second syllahle niipht I)e rlrin (kin) 'pold' qigir I1;iI1. Icg.?; oni~~nntr)pr)cic.Xnk. Y I
(Giles 2,032). Xak. X I qik1:n a/-ihrisnm 'silk'; qigir qigir 'the sound (mrc't) mzrde hy tlic
hence one says $ikl:n ylpr: 'silk thread' (xayf): teeth x\,lien there is prit in the bread and the
qiki:n xiyd!ntrr'l-dibdc mrrqarqomo(n) bi'l- teeth grate on it' Kog. 136.1.
-<fahob 'enibroidered brocade embellished(?)
wrth Kold (thread)' Kof. I 414 (the dict. I'U qekrek (or qegrek?) n.o.a.l).. cf. s e k -
meaning of mriqarqnm is 'of a child, ill-fed', rcklen-. Llyt. s i v Clim.-Ilyi. Ilict. prr chhr
uhich is inapplicable here, but the meaning is 'a cotton shirt' (Gil~s 0,479 604) qekrek
clear): Fag. svff. qikln (spelt ns 1 qikln) ( 2 ) I.i,gcti I jo; R I I I 10.59: Xak. s~qekrek qirbd
britnhi ki a z ibrisnm dliznnd 'Rnral designs eni- !(iqi(tt) trriti frif ynlhnsahri'l-'nhirl 'a loose(?)
broidered in silk'; also spelt qekin Sun. zzor. woollen gown worn hy slaves' KIIJ. 1 477
ry; qekin samc trnnslntiun zo9r. 15. (owing to an error i r i the printcrl trxt rphri has
heeti takcn as a 'l'r~rkish \voril att:iched to
1: qugen I.-\v. fr. I'e. ~anydrr'a stick with n qekrek but it is clearly tlic first word of the
curved end', and more speciticolly 'polo stick'. tl-anslation; the meaning of !dqi(~), SO spelt
S.i.s.1n.l. both as qogen and in its original in the MS., is t~bscurc, as it has severnl
form ~nrugin,or its form in Ar. mrokan. Xak. meanings).
X I qiigen al-fatulacdn 'a stick with a curved
end, polo stick' Kap. I 4 o z ; o.o., spelt q6ge:n Dis. V . CGR-
I 187 (cgig-); 223 (egtur-); 242 (umleq-): I) qokur- Caus. f. of qok- ; 'to make (a camel
(Xwar. s ~ vvau-gPn Qtith 42): O s m . x ~ v or person) knecl' with sonic extended mean-
and xvl qogen 'puio stick'; in two texts T7'S inns. S.i.s.tn.l. ; cf. qoklt-, ciiktur-, siikiir-.
1 166; 11 243. Xak. st 01 tevey qGkiirdi: 'lie made the
camel kneel' (~rnrixn); also used when one
qfkne: (or qlgnc: ?) n.o.a.b. ; al-mimlaqn, makes a man kneel (ocfri) on both knees Kap.
etymologically 'a smoothing implement', is I1 84 (qokiiriir. qokiirme:k): KB (God will
used both for 'a mason's trowel' and 'a stone cure you of this discase) kiigiiliilg qoklirme
roller'. Yagma: X I qlkne: nl-nrimlnqa Kaf. I 'do not he downcast' 1109; a.o. 1551: x ~ ~ r ( ? )
435; n.0. (not described as Yagnia:) I11 301 At. hiligsizlik erni qiikerdi (sic) kodt
(q1kne:-). --,
'ignorance makes a man downcast' 102: xrv
Dis. V. CGN- Rb2. qGklir- 'to cause (the moon) to sink' R
III 2038 (quotn.): Gag. s v ff, qfiker- (so
I) qckin- Refl. f. of qek-; s.i.m.rn.l.g. usually spelt) firri niydndan 'to cause to kneel, to sup-
for 'to draw back, withdraw (Intrans.)'. Xak. press' S a ~ r .214r. 7 (quotn.): O s m . x ~ ff.v
X I e r bitigke: qekig qekindi: 'the man made
qoker- (occasionally voktir-) 'to cause to
it his business to add the diacritical marks' knecl' etc.; c.i.a.p. 1'TS I 166-7; 11244; 111
(hi-naqfi'l-nrrqa!) Kay. 11 149 (qekinu:r, 159; I V 180.
qektntne:k): (jag. sv ff. Snn. zzor. I (qekil-):
O s m . sv2 fl-. qekin- 'to long for (something I ) qigre:- Den. V. fr. qlglr; in this scnsc Hap.
Ilot.)' in several texts 1'1'sI1 216; I V 160. leg. 'l'here is no scnrantic connection with Gag.
sv ff. qikre- 'to lie awake at night' San. azor.
11 qigin- tlap. leg.; Ilefl. f. of qig-. Xak. XI 2, ~vhichsurv~vesin N\V I<az. qikrey- R III
ol tu:giin (nlis-spelt yii:giin) qlgindi: 'the man 21 12 and SW Osr~i.qlgre-lqikre- or with SW
rnnde it his husiness to fasten up the parcel and 'Tkm. qigre- (of the weather) 'to turn cold'.
k~iotit' (hi-~ntl(/, . . rrn 'oqrlil~i)Kai. I1 149 Xak. XI etme:kte: tn:$ qigre:di: translated
(qiginu:r, q1ginme:k; q- un\.ocalized every- 'the teeth grnted (~nrrat)hecause of a stone in
where). the bread' KO$.I11 2Ro(qlgre:r, qigre:me:k).
D ? Fqikne:- Den. V. fr. 2 qiki:n; n.0.a.h. It is
hard to see any sernnntic connection between l'ris. CGR
ling.'s txxo translations. Not connected with l'U(D) qekiirge: one of several old names of
S W Osrn. qigne- (qiyne-) which is a Sec. f. of arrimals and insects ending in -ge:; 'locust'.
qeyne:-. Xak. kt:z qikin qikne:di: 01-cdriya later also 'grasshopper'. S.i.a.lu.l.g. w. a wide
adfnt gozla'l-dahab 'alz'l-dibcic hi-tafcuir 'the range of phonetic changes, -k-l-g-l-w-, etc.,
maid se~vcdgold thread on the brocade in an and esp. later in the word, where except in
orna~nentaldesign'; and one says e r cikne: SW Osm. (but not Az. or 'Skm.) - r g - is re-
qikne:di: itloxndn'l-racul 11'1-ord mimlapa 'the placed by - r t k - ; indeed this may be the
man a?plrcd a roller ( ? ; see ilkne:) to the oripirial pronunciation, although it is not the
ground KO?. 111301 ; (after 2 qikl:n),one says oldcst recorded. Cf. s a r ~ q g a : . Xak./Oguz
qiki:n qikne:di: qarqa11ra'f-dib6c he em- X I qekurge: 01-cardd 'locust' in Okuz, but
hcllished(?) the brocade' 141.4, 27: K B a g a r among the Turks '(a locust) before it flies' (i.e.
torku ~ d t ~tikenm qiknemig 'I sent him 'a hopper'); it is used as a simile for a large
a piece of hrocade enihroidered with thorns' group of families (nl-'iydl) or a large army; one
3S46. says qekiirge: t e g sii: 'an amiy like a horde
of locusts in density' (Rn!cifatn(n)) Kq.Iqgo:
Dis. CGR XIII(?) T P ~qekiirge
. drtto 3.57: Gag. xv ff.
? Fqeker Ilnp. leg. in the phr. yandak qeker qegiirtke (spelt) malns 'locust'; also pro-
'manna' (yynndok) is prull. n corruptiori crf nounced qewiirtke San. 220r. 15; qewiirtke
Pc.iokr1r sugar'. spelt) ~~vrlnx[lo. 222r. 5 : O ~ U XZI see Xnk.:
 MON. v. CL-
or other lnusical instruments' (al-malihi) id. B$; NC Klr. qllpak; SW 0snl. qapak. In th,c
45 : Osrn. xrv ff. qal- c.i.a.p. with a wide range meaning 'a thin flap of hrcad cooked in oil,
of meanings, 'to strike, strike down, strike off, which first appears in Snit. and links with the
play, rub on (ointment, ctc.), mix', etc. T T S I meaning of qalpa:- in SW xx Anat., the word
145; 11208; 111 138; I V 154-5. survives in NC IZtr. qelpek; Km. gelpek;
SC Uzh. qalpak. Xak. xr qelpek fama,cu'l-
Dls. CLA -'nyn 'mucus discharged by the eye' Kny. 1477 :
VU q ~ l a :Hap. leg. in this meaning; cllelqile xiv M~rh.a/-taina$ 'dry mucus on the eyelids'
noted in various meanings fr. Gag. onwards q ~ l p u kMe/. 46, 15; Rif. 140 (unvocalized):
are not connected semantically. Xak. xr qrla: F a g . xv ff. q ~ l p l k(spelt) cirk-i yajwl ditto (and
'fresh horse dung (raw!) in a stable' Kaj. 111 q ~ l p l k l l kkBz 'an eye discharging mucus')
Son. 2 2 0 ~ .I I ; qelpek (spelt) 'a kind of thin
233. bread hied in oil' do. 2 0 8 ~ 18: . KIP. xlvqapak 1
Dls. V. CLA- (c-h-) rarnnstr'l-'ayn id. 41 : O s m . xvrr~qapak
(spelt) in Rlirni, (irk-i yarm, in Ar. ratria$ San.
VU q1:la:- Den. V. fr. $1:; 'to moisten'. The zojv. 12.
Infin. is given in the MS. as -me:k, but as
cplat-, y ~ l a n - ,qllag- all have -ma:k this is D qalpag Hap. leg. ; Dev. N. fr. qa1pa:-. Xak.
presumably an error. Survives only(?) in S W sr qalpag 01-uqahl 'liquid mud' Kay. 111385.
xx Anat. qile- 'to drizzle, to be moist' S D D
350. Cf. 2 ~ l g l a n - . Xak. X I (01) to:nug qolpan 'the planet Venus'; not noted before
q11a:dl: 'he moistened (naddi) the garment' xrv but no doubt older, although the word for
(etc.); originally q1:la:dl: but abbreviated Kaf 'Venus' in the idiosyncraticTiirkti v1r1 ff. docu-
I
I11 271 (q1la:r. $ile:me:k sic): Klp. xlv (VU) ment Toyok 8 (BTY 11 58) is the Sugdian
qlla: (sic) tnlltr'l-matar 'gentle rain'; and one I.-w. nax1:d nnd in Xak. xr K B sevit, q.v.
says $ ~ l a d l :mofara falla(n) 'it rained gently' S.i.a.m.1.g. with some phonetic changes (q-18-
like q ~ s d l already
: mentioned Id. 45. etc.) but in SW Osm. c o b a n y ~ l d t z'the ~
shepherd's star', no doubt owing to a false
Dis. CLB etymology. Uyg. XIV Chin.-UJ~. Dict. 'Venus'
qolpan Ligeli 153; R 111 2025: (Xak.) xlv
V U F yulvu: pec. to Manichaean W r k u Mtrh. kawkobu'l-ptbh 'the morning star', t.e.
and no doubt a I.-w., prob. Sogdian, but not Venus qo:lpa:n (-b-) Mel. 79, 10;Rif. 184:
identifiable as such. The contexts point clearly Gag. xv ff. yolpan (spelt) the star called in
to 'blasphemy'. T u r k l l vrrr ff. ne: yavlak Rtimi kerwdn Kiran, in Ar. yi'ra, and in Pe.
culvu: sakcntl: 'what evil blasphemy did (the kdrwdn hug San. 2 1 4 ~ .18 (quotn.; there is
wicked demon) think ofl' Toy. 111 v. 4-7 a curious mistake here; the Rlimi phr. does
(ETY I1 178): Man. m u n t a g u l u g qulvu mean 'Venus', the other two 'Sirius'): KIP.
s a v si3:zledimiz e r s e r 'if we have spoken xrv Folpan (c-b-) nl-zuhro 'Venus' Id. 45;
such great blasphetilies' Chrras. 1 33-4; a.0. kawkabtr'l-sub11 co1pa:n (c-b-) Bul. 2, 13: xv I
do. 21. kawkab . . . T k m . qolpan Tulr. lob. 3.
qalpak, qelpek Preliminary note. Kag. dis- D qalpa? IIap. leg.; Dev. N. fr. qnlpa:-. Xak.
tinguishes between these ftuo u-ords, but the xt qalpaq 'the viscous excretion (ma kdna min
meanings are very close to one another, and luztica) of fruit which sticks to the clothing
nearly all later forms of the latter hawe back and! hands' Kag. I 460 (vocalized in error
vowels. I t i s therefor^ no doubt a Sec. f. of the yalpu?).
former.
Dls. V. CLB-
D qalpak N.1A.S. fr. galpa:- (this V. has so qa1pa:- Sce qalpak.
far been traced only in SW xx Anat. 'to thin
thick dough by moistening it with water' D ~ a l p a v -Hap. leg.; Recip. f. of qalpa:-.
p D D 299, but cf. q a l p a ~ qalpag.
, qalpag-); Xak. XI olu:r ikki: qalpagdl: 'the two (men)
filth. filthy'. Survives in N E Tuv. p l b a k quarrelled and treated one another rudely
'filthy'; SW xu Anat. qalpak 'a hole filled with (tacddald u a tax@onci) over an affair': also used I
water' S D D 299; q11p1k 'frozen ground of things when dirt settles on them (iriakabalid
becoming muddy in the sun' do. 336; ~ 1 1 p e k qador) Kay. 11207 (qalpagur, qalpagma:k).
'a mud stain on a garment'; qilpik 'ice, hoar-
frost' do. 351 (some of these have other un-
related meanings). Xak. XI qalpak al-qadar T r i s . V. CLB-
rua'l-wasax 'din, filth'; qalpak I:? al-amru'l- D ~ e l p e k l e n -Rcfl. Den. V. fr. qelpek; sur- I
-mrrxtali! 'a muddled affair' Kag. 1470: Fag. vives only(?) in SW Osm. qelplklen- same
svff. ~ a l p a w / q a l p u k(both fully spelt) 'a meaning, Red. 728 (only). Xak. xr k8:z qel-
place which has become muddy (gil u xaleb peklendi: 'the eye discharged mucusl(gami,cat)
jtrda) after a fall of rain' San. 2 0 8 ~ .19. Kay. I1 277 (qelpeklenu:r, qelpck1enme:k);
a.0. 11279. 14.
S qelpek 'mucus discharged by the eye';
except for SW Osm. qelplk Red. 728 (only) D ~ a l p a g l a n -Hap. leg.; Refl. Den. V. fr.
all modern words with this meaning have back qalpag. Xak. xr ellg qalpaglandl: 'stickiness
vowels, SE:~ ~ l p Sharu l k (only); qapak Shaw, was smeared (mla/!nxati'l-lrrztic~it)on the hand
 DIS. C L 6
from eating fruit and the like' Kay. I1 271 make a noise Kay. 111 447 (qaldra:r, qal-
(qalpaglanu:r, qa1paglanma:k; vocal~zed dra:ma:k; every\r~heremisvocalized~aldrmt-):
-p~rf-everywhere). o k kb:gte: ca1ra:d:: 'the arrows rattled
(taqalqala) in the quiver'; also used of any
Dls. CLD similar sound ($awl) Kay. III 281 (qalra:r,
1) ,-lideg D ~N,~in ,-g fr, *$jlde:-, D ~V, ~ qalra:ma:k,
, both vocalized ~11ra:-in a second
fr. q1:l; the alternative form is a very early ('1 hand).
examole of the sound chance -P > -V > xn.... PT f i
yi
zero. ' Xak. xr cildeg qarh yaxruc zairi'l-
Calk Hap. leg.;
I.1V.l.

o n o m
U""

a t o ~ ~ ix~a .k . X I One
-xayf minhu'l-qayb wa'f-middaja-yukw5 ba'dahu
'on ulcer which forms on the chest of a horse; Says ~ a l kW l k b a d a r (sic?; unvocalized)
it exudes pus and matter and is then tauter- klldl: wakarahu 'he thumped him'; it in an
ized' Kag. I 477; qilde:y 'an ulcer which onom~topoeic (hikl?ya) for the sound of
forms on the chest of a horsmnd is cauterized thumping KO?. 1 349.
until it heals' (hattd yabra') 111240. $ulk Hap. leg.; a quasi-onomatopoeic Adv.
D cllteg N.Ac. fr. qi1te:-; used only in Hend. Xak. xr qulkesrifk (mis-spelt eskiirk, which is
w. aya:g, with which it is no doubt more or perhaps a corruption of esrii:k) a/-sakr~nu'l-
less syn. Uyg. VIII ff. Bud. ayagka ciltegke -!Gfih 'incapably drunk' Kay. 1349.
tegimlig worthy of honour and respect'
U I1 77, 18; 86, 35 (a less common variant of Dis. CLC;
a y a g k a tegimlig, see aya:g); 0.0. of a y a g D qallg N.Ac. fr. qal-. In Kaf. this word is
qilteg USp. 101, 8; Suv. 444,s: Civ. 7'7'1 I 14 entered not in its proper alphabetical order but
(ornan-). as an appendage to s o r u g ; it is not, however,
~ a l d r ronomatopoeic; survives in NC Klr. likely to be a later addition to the text. The
qaldur. Xak. xi o k kbgte: qaldlr qaldlr only certain survival of this uord is NE Alt.
b t t ~ : 'the arrows rattled (taqalqala) in the qalu: 'a shaman's drum' R III 1884. There
quiver'; also uscd when the Erass rustlcs are several medieval words assembled below
(far~wata)when the wind blows over it Kaj. which seem rather to represent a parallel
(Pass.) Dev. N./A. in -uk, which survives in
1457. NE Alt., Tel. qallk 'enterprising (trader);
S q1lde:y See sildeg. unruly (horse); dangerous (disease)' R III
1880; S W Osm. qahk with several meanings.
Dis. V. CLD- It is unlikely that these words are corruptions
D p l a t - (q1:lat-) Caus. f. of qi:la:-; survives of Pe. pifZk 'nltnble, quick', but this may be
in NW Kaz. Xak. xr 01 kepe:k cllattx 'he a 1.-w. in some modem languages. Xak. XI
ordered that the bran (etc.) should be qalig nitdanu'l-dclla ayda(n) 'also (i.e. as well
nioistened' (bi-tundiya); originally g:lat- but as sorug) calling (or searching for) a strayed
shortened Kaf. II 310 (qilatu:r, c1latma:k). animal'; also used when a matter of importance
to the chiefs (muhinrm li'l-umarZ) arises, and
E qalda:: See $aha:-. they send to the villagers and nomads and
tell them to come to them Ka?. 1 374: xrv
D *qilde:- See qlldeg. Muh. al-m@cifil 'careless' (opposite to al-pi&
q1lte:- used only in Hend. w. aya:-; cf. wa'l-Mzim 'wakeful, resolute' a y ~ k )p:l:k
qilteg; n.0.a.b. Uyg. VIII ff. Bud. (even when Mel. 55, I ; Rif. 152: Gag. xv ff. p l ~ g l p l l k
name and fume, gain and acquisition come to ('spelt with both c- and q-') 'a skittish, fast
them of their own accord) k a m a g k a aya- (calf run tund) horse'; it is a corruption of (Pe.)
g u l u k qiltegilltik bolgaylar 'they will ~dlrikSun. 209r. 2 (quotn.): Xwar. xlv qa11k
honour and respect all men' Suer. 195, 21-2. 'violent, impulsive' Qutb 40: Kom. XIV 'bad-
-tempered, violent' qalix CCG; Gr.: K1p.xr11
qaltur- Caus. f. of Cal-; s.i.s.m.l. with several of-mu'arbid dti'l-jaw 'quarrcls~me,malicious'
meanin~s. Xak. XI 01 anl: qalturdl: afra'ahu p ~ h k the
; opposite to ca:hk is yawa:q; it is
iycilrrr 'he made him knock him down'; and also a word used of horses Hou. 25, 10: xrv
one says 01 yitilk qalturdl: 'he ordered that q a l ~ k(c-) 'restive' (al-camlih) of a horse; it is
the strayed animal should be called' (or used as a masculine Proper Name ('alum) and
searched for, bi-nijdfin) Kaj. I1 182 (qalturur, also for 'sounded with a sword' (a!-qori'
qa1turma:k): O ~ U xr .
Z . . also, in Ojjuz, bi'l-sayj) Id. 45: O s m . svt ff. g a l ~ k'quick-
used of any statement when it is forced on the tempered; restive', esp. of a hoke; common
hearing (nlidiya li'l-rnm'a) do. TTS 1 1 4 4 ; I1 205; I11 138; I V 153.
D qa1dra:- (sic in a section for Dis. V.s con- (D) qoluk (colok) prob. Pass. Dev. N./A. fr.
taining three consecutive consonants) ab- *sol-; originally 'with one arm', that is with
breviated Den. V. fr. qaldlr; survives in NW the other missing or paralysed. S.i.a.m.1.g.
Kaz. R I11 1889; the further abbreviation except NE as qolak and the like, often with
$aka:- is Hap. leg. Xak. XI ta:g ~a1dra:dl: the more general meaning 'crippled, lame'. Cf.
'the scree (al-raqZrZqZ) made a clattering noise' ~01ku:y. See Doerfer 111 r I I I . Uyg. VIII ff.
(~aruruato);also used of other similar things Chr. qoluk M 111 49, 4 (axsak): Xak. xr
like chains when they fall to the ground and qoluk (sic in RIS., not colak as in printed text)
a/-nqfo' 'one-armed' Kal. I $ 4 1: (;ag. xv ff. (PU) qiilgi: in Tiirkii V I I I ( I searched fnr
qolak ('with q-') 'a Inan o i t ! ~a defective aim' a guide and) qiilS1: Az erl: b u l t l m 7' 23. Az
(a= dart ,no >,rib) Son. 2 I 4v. I 6. is a tribal name (see a:z Preliminary note), so
qulgi: is proh. a place-name. '1 found an Az
qullk a kind of bird; survives in SE Tilrki man from Ciilgi:.' The suggested translations
qulluk a name for several kinds of
.s/~arc 212; SW Osm. qulluk ~wooBf:~k':;'
s u qullugu 'common sandpiper; great snipe';
'distant' and 'strange' are purely hypothetic:~l
since they do not rest on any solid etymo-
Ioaicnl Ixisis.
kiiqiik qulluk 'green sandpiper; common
snipe' Red. 740. AS Kaf. describes it as a qilgii: I1ap. leg.; perhaps a Den. N.IA. fr.
'water-bird', prob. originally 'sandpiper' or qi:I; cf. 2 a:l. Xak. X I qilgii: a t 'n chestnut
'snipe'. Xak. X I q u l ~ kfriyir fi'l-tnd' muboflaq (01-agqnr) horse' KO$. I 430.
'1115 qndari'l-jfi.\.itn 'a spotted hlack-and-white
xvatcr-bird about the size of a ring-dove' Kay. I'U qiilgi: See qiilig.
1381.
Dis. V. CLG-
qalkan apparently survives as calkan 'sting-
ing nettle' in several NE languages and NC VU ?I) qiiliik- pec. to K q . , who in I1 I 19, ro
Klr. Xak. XI qalkan 'the spread of an injury and 166, I says that it is a basic V. and not an
and its transfer (ta'diyntu'l-cirr!r wa sirZyattrhu) Intensive Pass. f. like baslk-. On the second
froni one place to another, for example if the point he is no doubt right, but it is more likely
leg is swollen and the glands in the groin are to be an Intrans. Den. V. fr. *qul than a
affected' Kag. 1441. strictlv basic V. Xak. X I er I : ~ I : ~liliiktl:
rallat Iri'yntu'l-racuf 'the man's things (Kaf.
qal&a:y survives in N W Kaz. q a l g ~ y'goose- clothes) were shabby' KO$. II 118 (qiiliike:r,
-feather' R I I I 1887. Xak. X I qal&a:y qaru6dim qiiliikme:k); a.0. do. 11 166, I.
riji'l-!Zyir 'the front feathers of a bird' Kaa.
111241. Dis. CLM
I) qalma: I'rss. Conc. N. fr. qnl- with a rangu
(D) qolku:y Hap. leg.; der. fr. *qol-, cf. of meanings hard to connect with the basic
qoluk, but there is no other examplc. of a meaning of that V. S.i.a.m.1.g. w. meanings
suRx -ku:y. Xak. xr qo1ku:y etiik 'a boot of varying from language to language, the com-
which the heel is worn down (inxaraga) on one monest being 'a lump of earth or dung; a
side'; and one calls a man 'with a defective a m ' turban; a lasso'. Xak. xr qalma: al-nradar
(al-a.vraqi'1-yad) qo1ku:y elig Kq.I11 242. 'a clod of earth or clay'; and 'the lumps of
dung' (01-kirs) which are collected from sheep-
Dis. V. CLC- -folds and camel stables and dried to burn in
S qulga:- See rugla:-. the winter are called qalma: Kay. 1433: Gag.
sv ff. qalma: (spelt) 'a striped or fine muslin
S qulgan- See quglan-. cloth(fiifa wa dastdri) which they wrap round
their heads'; and in the idiom (ha-iffilri!r) of the
Dis. CLG people of Iran 'a kind of bottle (mafmha) sewn
\'U qilik flap. leg.; onomatopoeic syn. w. together from leather (talfilin; sic) which they
2 qik; the q- is unvocalized, but no doubt -1- fasten to the pornn~elsof their saddles on
should be restored. Xak. xr one says in calling expeditions and drink from' Son. 208v. 24:
(fi drr'ri) kids qilik qilik Kay. I 388. K o m . X I V 'turban' q a l m a C C I ; Gr.: Osm.
XVI q a l m a 'turban' in one text 1'TS 1 1207.
PU qiilig this word has been read in T I i r k u
vlrr I E 4, 11E 5 in the list of countries which T r i s . CLM
sent representatives to pptemi Xakan's(?)
funeral; it begins 'froni the east, where the sun V U F qu11:ma:n Hap. leg.; no doubt a I.-w.
rises' Biikli: (PU) qlilig el Tavgaq Tupiit, G a n c a k sr qul1:ma:n I:$ a/-amr 15 ytr'raf
ctc. Henning in 'The Ilate of the Early ~nasracrrhir'an atfair the outcolne of which is
Sugdisn Letters', B S O A S XI1 601 IT. showed unknown'; its original mennlng was inrrs-
that Biikll: meant 'Korea'; Tavgaq is of tanqa'tc'l-~nci 'a pool of stagnant water' Kay.
course 'China' and Tupiit 'Tibet'; as the list 1448
is presumably in a strict geographical order,
the entry between Korea and China must be Dis. CLN
some unidentified 'realm' (el) hetween Korea D qalag Hap. leg.; Dev. N. fr. $31- ; not con-
and China, perhaps one of the minor king- nected with the qalag in several NIS and NC
doms in Korea. The word looks like a Chinese languages which is a Sec. f. of yalag ( y a l l ~ ) .
representation of some name like cf~ii/i(g). It Xak. xr 'a noisy, talkative man' (a/-mct~lrr'l-
has been read as qolllg and explained as a is called qalag ba:-
-~n.v.vZbrr'l-kofirrr'l-kalzm)
P.N./A. fr. $01 meaning 'belonging to the 91:; . . . qaIag y8:r 'saline (a/-sahxa) black
steppes', but this is impossible since qol is earth on nhich there is no vegetation, as if it
a hlong. word which is not traceable as a I.-w. had bcdn burnt' K q . 111371.
in 'Turkish earlier than Ca& s v ff. Vel. 252;
San. 2 I.+\'.15. T h e word is perhaps to be con- V U F qnllg I Inp. leg. ; no douht a Cl~ineseI.-w.,
nected with the equally unexplained word the first syllable perhaps rh'n 'tea' (Giles 208).
 M O N . ChI 42 1

Xak. xr al-qn$'ntrr'l-~inijn 'a Chinese bowl' wa'l-rt~rrninrdt'shooting and throwing things a t

is called q a l ~ gKaj. III 3 7 r one another' qalrg (c-) Rul. 9, 10: xv mrrnc?dila
gall$ Tuh. 33h. 13: O s m . xrv and xv qaltp
Dis. V. CLN- 'war, battle' in several texts T T S II 206;
D qaltn- Refl. f, of gal-; s.i.a.m.l.g. except I11 138.
N E with a \vide range of meanings. Xak. ur
a t qaltncll: 'the horse wa3 emaciated (hozaln)
l~ccauxeof bnrl ~razing'. . ., and one says e r L) qalrg- Recip, f. of qal-; s.i.a.~n.l.~. w.
K:zln y6:rke: q a l r n d ~ :'the man threw himself a wide range uf meanings of which 'to fight
to the ground' (fora'a . . . ilii'l-ard) or 'pre- one another', and 'to strive, make efforts, he
tended to throw himself' Kay. 11 149 (qallnu:r, industrious' are the commonest. Uyk. X I V
qa11nma:k): Gag. xv ff. q a l ~ n - I q a l ~ lna- - Chin.-UyR. Dicf. 'to how the head, kotow'
wdxta yudan (of an instrument) 'to he played' bag qalrg- R III 1882; Lifeti 150: Xak. xr
Son. 208v. I (quntn.): a u z X I s6:z b e g k a p u g qal~gdl:'the component pans (rudri')
k u l a : k t ~ a : q a l l n d ~ : 'the word reached of the door came apart' (infaracat), also used
(baloga ild) the beg's ear' Kag. I1 149: X w a r . of patches on a bowl (rrc'rtbu'l-qor'a) and the
XIII(?)(I require you) bag qalunguluk (sic) component parts (mafatif, mis-spelt muqdsif) of
'to bow your heads to the ground' Og. 108: a saddle Kay. I1 108 (qal~gu:r,qal15ma:k);
xrv g a l ~ n -'to be played' Quth 40. a.0. I 1 I 14, 5: x ~ vMuh.(?) in Rif. 107 both
cd'a 'to be hungry' (an error) and cdlo 'to
D qllan- (q1:lan-) Refl. f. of q1:la:-; survives wheel about in battle' are translated qa:11$-:
as q ~ l a n -in NC Klr.; NW Kaz. and as $ilen- Gag. xv ff. q a l ~ g -bo-ham nawcilctan 'to play
in S W xx Anat. S D D 350. Xak. X I q l l a n d ~ : (instruments) together' and metaph. ktigidan 'to
ne:g 'the thing was moistened by the damp' strive' Son. 2 0 8 ~ .4: Klp. xlrr qdtala mina'l-
(nadijta . . . mina'l-ru!rihn); originally q1:landl: -inuqdtila 'to wage war with one another'
(qllanu:r, q11anma:k); and one says a t qa:11$- Hotr. 43, 7: O s m . xrv to xvr q a l ~ g -'to
qtlantl~:'the horse sweated' ('oraqa) KO?. II fight one another'; in three texts T T S II 206;
150: KIP. x ~ v(VIJ) q ~ l a n -il>tnlln 'to he wet, IV 154.
soakcd' Id. 45.
I> q ~ l a g (- q ~ : l a ~Co-op.
-) f. of qt:la:- ; survives
n i s . CLH- in SE Tiirki. Xak. XI ol maga: o t q ~ l a g d 'he ~:
S qa1ra:- See galdra:-. helped me to moisten the forage' ( f i balli'l-
-'alnf), etc.; originally q1:lagdl: but used in this
D qalrat- Ilap. leg:; Caus. f. of qalra:- form Kay. 11 108 ($t:lagur, qr:lagma:k sic).
(ca1dra:-): the Infin. IS ur~vocalized,the Perf.
Cnd ~or.';ocalized ~ ~ l m tapparently
- by a Mon. CM
second hand. Xak. XI 01 o k ~ k6:$te:
n qalrattl:
S a m pec. to Uyg. vrrl ff. Civ., USp., ~vhere
'he made his arrows rattle (sawwato) in the
quiver'; also used of anything when one rattles it is common, usually in the phr. S a m garlrn
with it (taqnlqola bihi) K q . I 1 333 ( q a l r a t u : ~ , krl- 'to lodge an objection' to the performance
qa1ratma:k). of a contract, the terms of a will, and the like.
q a m m ~ g h t well be a Chinese I.-w., but
Ijis. v. CLS- qarlrn, which is used only in this phr , could
not be. See g a m p u k . $amla:-, qamslz.
D qalslk- Hap. leg.; Emphatic I'ass. f. of
qal-; 'to be thrown down'. Uyg. v11t ff. Bud. V U ? D 1 qtrn as such 1Iap. leg.,'but prob.
T T V 22, 28-9 (bastlk-). the basis of SW Osm. qimlen- to sprout,
as morstened seeds' and qimlendir- 'to make
Dis. CL$ (seeds) sprout by moistening them before
I) gallg Dev. N. fr. gal-; survives with planting' Red. 747. Although Kaj. describes
various meanings NIX Kumd. 'cross-eyed' R this as something less than a word in its own
111 1882; S E Tiirki 'wrestling' B$ 249; right, it looks like an ordinary Adj. and, if so,
Jarring 64; NC Kir. 'resembling; semt-; a Den. N.!A. fr. $1:. See 2 $rm and gome:r+ik.
cross-bred; thoroughbred (horse)'; NW Kaz. Xak. xr qtrn a Particle (!torf) used in the case
'crooked'. See Doerfer I I I I 05 I . Xak. xr q a l ~ g of the excessiveness of a thing ('inda mrrbh-
al-mrr,tiira'a 'a wrestling match' Kaj. 1 368: gati'l-jay') and its description in respect of
Gag. xv ff. qal19 kti$i$ 'effort, endeavour' (a moisture (bi'l-rrrtriba) or being raw (ni); hence
long para. saying that the author of the one says $lm yi:g et 'very (cid&(n)) raw meat',
Farhattg-i Jahdngiri described the word as and $lrn 61 to:n 'a very wet garment' Kay.
Pe. and quoted Pe. verses, suggesting a dif- 1338.
ferent meaning, but that ktigig would be a more
appropriate one); p l 1 g (spelt yulr:j, not ya:lr$) V U ? D 2 q l m 'turf' and more particularly
'anything cross-bred' (dri-trrxma), that is with a 'peat'. S.i.s.m.1. in SE, NC, SC, SW. T h e
father and mother of different races (cins), also spellings qtrn in NC Klr. and in Kzx.
called g a l g u r t (pee. to Son.) and, if a camel, suggest that this is etymologically identical w.
besrek(Mong. I.+.) Sun. 2 0 8 ~27: . Kom. xrv 1 q1m. Xak. xr C 1 r n 'peat' (al-jil), that is
'cross-eyed' qalt$ C C I ; Gr.: Ktp. xrlr nl-harb what is cut out of the ground and dried and
'battle', etc. qa:ll$ liou. 14,s: xlv a/-mrmddila used to feed a fire, because vegetation and
 MON. Chl
roots are incorporsted In it; one says Clm giimtig, etc. Cf. k a m l q , ka31k. Sec L)o~rJrr
blqtl: 'he cut peat' k-nj. I 338; K B 974 I11 I 121. O g u z X I Cornye: 01-mijirafa 'ladle'
(1 oyuk): KIP. srv (VU) q l m (c-) a/-qrrllf'a KO$. 1.117: X I V ~llrrh.(?)(it~ the list r~fdomcstic
-
mit~n'l-tintcn ~ h nI nnhat 'n lutiip of mud wtth r q u i p ~ n r n t ;01-tnidrfn k a m t q ) (VLr) rrrmcdlt
plants in it' /ki6: (cf. k ~ m l qNW) ( V I J ) q6rniiq (c- -c; un-
vocalized) Rij. 169 (only): c a b xv ff. q e m q e
S 3 q t m See 2 $I[) 'a larpe spoon (qrijiq) made of wnod o r hrnss
\\-it11 tvltich they stir broth' (rij) Son. 2o9r. 19;
n l o n . \'. C R I - qiimqe 'a large spoon made of wood o r brass
with which they stir a pot' (difi); also sprlt
qorn-1qom- Kny. distinguishes both here and q e m q e tfo. z t s r . 21; viimiiq 'a kind of ladle
in the der. f.c hetween q o m - 'to sink in (water, (krrf,ir) cnrrecl out of wood, with which they
etc. I.nc.)' and q o m - 'to divc into (water, etc. pull food out of the pot' do. 2 1 jr. 2 5 : K o m .
Dot.)', hut it seems impossible to trace this srv 'ladle, skimmer' qiimiq ( : ( : I ; GI.: KIP.
s t ~ h ~corrclnt~on
le hetwern \.owel and meaning nrtr nl-rrtikrnfn qemqe: (sic) linrr. 17, 1 0 : x ~ v
in modern langitapes. S.i.a.m.l.c., the pre- qiimqe: (c- - c - ) al-tnngriifa (sic) Id. 46: xv
vailing pronunciation being q o m - ; there nzi&nJa gomqt (sic) Ttrh. 34a. 6: O s m . xrv
are some very odd forms in some NC, NW to xvrr q o m q e 'ladlc', etc.; in several texts
languages which seem to he due t o contami- 7'1;s 1 1 6 7 ; I1 245; I V 181.
nation by the syn. Mona. I.-m. gag,@n-(Kow.
1537, Ifnltod 387) UyW. vrlr ff. Man. kUn
tegriqe c o [ m a b a t a ] y a r l t k a m l q l it$Un Dls. V. CMD-
'becauqe he has deigned to sink and descend D c o m t u r - l q o r n t i i r - C a w . f. of q o ~ - / q 6 m ;-
like the divine sun' M III 33, 1-2 (iii): Bud. cf. q o m u r - , and see E g o m b u r - . Survives in
7'7' V1 105 (v.l.), etc. (bat-): Civ. kiln TORI NE Alt., I.rh., 'Tcl. q o m d r r - R 111 2033;
qom(n1)a:kta: ktgiirii: (6:dhkiirii) 'exactly SE 'riirki q n m t l u r - (sic?) Shnrv roo (only);
when the sun's heat sinks' T T V I I I I.23 : X a k . NC Ktr. q u m d u r - . X a k . sr 01 an]: s u v k a :
rr og1a:n s u v d a : qolnd:: 'thc hny sank(2dgu) q o m t u r d t : ntirqnlnhrr Ji'l-irt;' 'he pltrnpcd hirn
i l l the n-8tr.r' (qomn:r, comn1a:k); and one into thc water' ( q o m t u r n r , c o m t u r m a : k ) ;
s:~ysiirtlrk suvkn: qiimdi: 'the duck dived ~ S m t i i r d l :(qiimtiirilr, ,qiimturme:k) hn'dri
deep (3-n . . . Ro:c.$n(i~) iitrthrili~a(n)fihi) into nq'ar miitkrr fi'l-innql 'thts (implies) plunging
thc water' (qiime:r, q 6 m m e : k ) ; the Infin. o f tnore derplv thnn the other' Kn& 11 182.
this V. has - n ~ e : k and that of the first has
-ma:k so that thc distinction (01-fnrq) between D ~ S CMC
.
tlrc m.1) may bc kno\\.n Kaj. I1 26; a.o. of ?I' q o r n a k originally 'a cudgel' and thc like,
qiim- I j o t , I I : xrv Muh. snhnhn 'tr) swini' and more particularly 'a macc' uscd in battle.
(\'L1) q o m - ,11~I.27, 3 : Rif. I 1 0 :G a g . xv ff. Survives i n the last sense in SE Tar. R III
Tom- (-gay, ctc.) stryo h i - 'to dive into the 2032; 'I'iirki Shorn, 8.5,Jnrring and S\V Osrn.
water' I'd. 253 (quotn.); $ o m - ha-zir-i 6b ,
1 he tnacc was not originally a Turkish weapon
I

,firti rnftnn fun @!a andnn ditto Sun. zrqv. 26 and it is likely that the word was also used by
(quotns.): X w a r . xrv a t l m 09 s a z g a (VU) paFan 'I'urks for 'Moslcm' because the foreign
q o m d l 'my horse sank into the marsh' Q t ~ t b religion and weapon reached them together.
44: KIP. s v dn!nsn 'to dive' (VU) $Om- I n U II zh, 16; 27, 23, etc., an Indian(?) I.-w.
Trrli. 2 ja. 2. lurz: is used for 'mace'. Irt thc niedirval
period another word for 'mace' appeared,
Dis. CRIA q o k m a r noted in yak. xv ff. Snit. zlqr. 5 ;
qaml: Hap. leg. ; a mere jingle, not to be con- 1';rp. xrlr ff. Ilorr. 13, 17; Id. 44; Kao. 63, 19;
nrcted m. Tam. X a k . XI one says (01) 9021: Trtlr. 161). 5 ; 331). 12, and Osni. xv TT.3 111
qamt: ktldr: colubn rcn snaobn 'he shouted 1 5 8 , and s.i.a.t~l.l.~. as q o k m a k , q o k m a n ,
and made a huhhuh'; q a m l : yrrstn'mal mtrz- q o k m a r , q o m a n , F o m a r . It is proh. that
d<rrcrcn(ir)'is uscd as a jingle' Kay. 111234. both q o m a k and q o k m a r , etc. are I.-w.s
etyniologically connected, hut their r~rigin
D i s . V. CRIB- is obscure. S r e Doerfer 111 I rzo. X a k . X I
q o m a k al-'rrra 'a stick, cudgel': q o m a k
?E q o m b u r - flap. ICK ; at1 unurual fomi, nl-mttslitn atilonp the LIyRitr and pagans
proh. a false tran~cription of q o m t u r - , q.v. generally ('81rrtnati'l-kofora); otic says q o m a k
Uyg. v r ~ If.
t Dud. (the hlrll came out first and) eri: 'a M1,slem' (lit. 'a man with o mace'?)
teginin qomburu (?qomturu) yatgurup
Kay. I 381; a.o. I1 3 (gap-): KB a y e r s l g
'making the prince sink to the ground and lie $ o m a k 'oh valiant Moslem' 4701 : xrv Muh.
down' (stood stamping with hi? four feet and al-hbbris 'a mace' qoma:k Mcl. 71, 8; Rif.
overshadowing him) PP 65, 3-4. 173: Gag. xv ff. q o m a k ('with q-') 'a cudgel'
(pib-dasti) of which the head is carved in the
Dis. ChlC shape of a'mace(~ura); in Ar. dnbbris San. 21 gr.
?F qomqe: 'ladle, scoop', etc.; prob. a I.-w. 18: Klp. xrrr al-dabbrisrc'l-xajab 'a wooden
fr. Pe. pntca, same meaning; such I.-w.s are mace' goma:k I<ou. 13, 17: xlv q o m a k ( c - )
common in O ~ U Bsee, o r e n . S.i.a.m.l.g. except 'a wooden cudgel ('orii) with a rounded head
N E ; in S\V Az. qiimqe; Ostn., 'l'km. Femqe, like a mace' fd. 46: xv dabbtis (intpr nlin qok-
in other languages ~iietathesizedas qomiiq, mar . . .) q o m u k (sic) Trlh. 1 5 h 5: O s m .
 DIS. V
xlv ff. qoniak 'tiiace, clul,'; in sc\-era1 tcvts k i m - m e bolup q a m l a m a z u n l a r 'let no
TTS 1165; 11241 ; I V 179. one raise an ohjection to (the sale of) this
land' . . . g a m l a s a r l a r Malov. Pamyatniki
S g o m u k See qomguk. drm~nrtyurkrkoi pis'mennorti, Moscow, 195 I ,
p. 206, 17-18; q i m l a g u g l USp. 16, 22; a.o.o.
? D q a m g u k Hap. leg. ; perhaps a Den. N./A.
fr. c a m . Xak. xr 'a hackh~tin):and trcacherous
(of-nntnntdmu'l-mrrxrnnhnq)man' is called Tam- T r l s . CML
g u k e r KO$. 1470. VU?I) qoml:l~: Hap. leg.: although the
morphology is ohscurc this could semantically
VLTID q o m g u k prima facic a I>cv. N./A. fr. be connected with gem-, perhaps a Sec. f. of
$om-; this etyniolofiy is nhviously appro- qomlgll: 'sinking'. Xak. X I one says of a man
priete for the only(?) modern form of the when he is dazed (sadira tnrjuhu) with the heat
word SE 'I'iirki crrrnlgak 'the littlc grebe, com~:li: boldl: that is sadira wa fatara 'he
Podiceps nrinor', Shnnu 212, hut less appro- was dazed and limp' Kaj. 1448.
priate for the earlier mcanidg; the context in
KB seems to require 'hlackhird' or the like. ?F $iime:li: 'an ant'; a clueerly shaped word,
N.0.a.b. Xak. xr q o m g u k al-n'vrit mina'l- prob. a 1.-w. since there are two other old
-2irbdn 'a white-footed crow (or raven)' Kag. words for 'ant' kumursga:, karlngga:, q.v.
1 4 7 0 : KB k a r a q o m g u k ntti s a t a tumgu- Survives only in NE Bar. tsiimiildii R I V
kln, ilnl o g l a @ ~krz iini t e g yakln 'the 214; Leb., Tuba qtball III 2099; Tel. qunalr
blackbird(?) sings with his coral beak, his I11 2103; SE Tar. q ~ m i i l e R 111 2204;
voice is like the voice of a delicate maiden' 77: Turki ditto DS, Jarring; SC Uzb. qumoli.
O g u z xr (after Xak.) the 08112elide the -9- Uyk. vIr1 ff. Bud. (birds, flies, mantises(?))
and say c o m u k ; they do this in all Nouns qiimeli 'ants' (beetles, etc.) U I1 35, 23:
with four consonants containing -9- or -8- Gig11 xr $iime:li: at-nnml 'an ant' Kay. I
Kaf. 1470. 448: Klp. xv (PU) mirrulx5a' qiimeli Tuh.
-jfa 7 (the Ar. word could be transcribed in
S c a m g u r Src qajimur. several ways, hut the word it obviously re-
sen~blesin Russian mrcravri 'an ant', whatever
'1'r-i~. V. CMG- the etymological origin of that word may be).
11 camQ.uklan- 1Iap. leg.; Ken. Den. V. fr.
T a m g u k ; the q- of the I'erf. and Aor. (but not Dis. CMN
the Infin.) was vocalized with a lursra, prob.
by a second hand. Xak. sr klgi: c a m g o k - S $ a m e n See cimgen.
land]: 'the man bccarne a slandering backbiter
and tnalicious (qartnt tinmmrim gnrir), criticizing Dis. CMR
(yadtcrrmm) everyone' Kag. 11 275 (camkuk- S q a m r a k See 2 qa:r.
1anu:r. qamguk1anma:k).
Dis. V. CMR-
I Dis. CMG
D comur-lq6miir- Caus. f. of qom-Ic6m- ;
VIJD eilngen 'meadow, peat', and the like; survives in SW Osm. c o m u r - Red. 740
as such n.0.a.b.; in the MS. the cinl carries (only). Cf. q o m t u r - . Uyg. VIII ff. Bud. s u v d a
a dnnt~iio,hut this is an obvious errnr, since yekler u r u p k e m l s u v k a q o m u r u r 'demons
this i s clcarlp a I h n . N. fr. q i m (2 qlm) also in the water strike the ship and make
translated nl-!if in Kng. Survives in SE Tiirki it sink in the watlr' PP 17, 6-8; a.0. Hiien-ls.
r i m e n B,$, Jrrrritrg, and SW Az., Osm., Tkm. 301-4 (batur-): Civ. (in a list of ingredients
Fernen. These latter are commonly regarded for an offering to a demon, together with meal,
as I.-w.s fr. the syn. PC. word camnn, hut, as pieces of meat, green beans, etc.) b i r q o m u r -
they have a good Turkish etymology, the Pe. m l g s u v perhaps 'a full vessel of water' TT
word is prob. a Turkish 1.-w. Sce Doerfer 111 V I l 25, I I (very dubious, prob. mistran-
r 124. Xak. xr ~ I m g e n(MS. ciintgcn) al-rarud scribed): Xak. xr 01 an]: suvka: qomurdl:
run'l-!if 'meadow, pea,t'Kn$. 1443: (Gag. xv ff. 'he plunged him in the water and ducked him'
qemen/qemender a slu~gish horse', cor- (.fa;at{ahu.. . w a maqnlahu) (qomurur, c o m u r -

i
ruption of Pe. cantand; and in Pe. Fernen ma:k); and one says comiirdi:, qomiiriir,
means 'vineyard, garden, green meadow' Satr. ~ 6 m U r m e : k ; this means 'plunging deeper'
209r. 21): Xwar. xlv c i m g e n 'meadow' Quth (a'maq minhu fi'l-tat)) Kaj. I1 85: x r l ~ ( ? )
44; MN 88, etc. ; e n m e n do. 45 (~iitnen): KIP. Tef. s u v g a (VU) q o m u r - 361 : Gag. xv ff.
x r r ~ al-mrrrc 'meadow' (VU) $Bme:n (un- Somur- (spelt) Caus. f. ; ha-cib $rri burdan wo
vocalized) Horc. 8, 19: xlv @ m e n (c-) al-murc

I
Rtifaruar srixtnn 'to plunge (someone) in the
Id. 46; a!-~nrrrc wa'l-ha~i? ('grass') qGme:n water and make (him) dive' San. 2r5r. 10
BuI. 3, 1 2 . (quotns.).
Dis. V. CML- D qomrug- Hap. leg.; Co-op. f. of comur-.
D $amla:- Den. 1
. fr. ,$am; 'to lodge an
' Xak. xr 01 men19 blrle: suvda: qomrugdr:
objection' to the terms of a contract, etc.; 'he competed with me in plunging ( f i %a!,
syn. w. c a m q a r l m kll- but less common. someone) in thc water'; also used for helping
Pec. to Uyyi. UyR. vrrl ff. Civ. b u yhrke k i m Kay. I1 208 (comrugu:r, qomrugma:k).
 I'RIS. CRIR

Trls. CMR having the nanic "truth"' qin kCrt6 a:tllg

VC: ?L) qijmeriik ( ?qimeriik) ,lap, leg,; iize: 7'7' 1'111 A.16; qln kertU 'truth,
rnorp)lolop,cally a n lntrans. L ) ~ \ . , r\'.l+. fr. truthflll, true' ([fend.) do. If.3; U 111 7 0 , 6 ;
a llen. V, in - e r - ; ~,b\-iollsconnect,on is 7'7'1'22, 24; 2 % 127; SUV.1379 8 - 9 ; 192, 21.
q l m ) ; f,,r ttlc vocalization cf, etc.-~1n kl$i tCtir 'is called a truthful man'
$imgen. x a k , yemeriik kiqi: nl-mcrllu71- TT 26, I 1 3 ; (these words of mine) k a l t l
-n.rrmI, $ a ,\ith n a t c v c)-esb 148, kiin t e w i t e e c l n 01 'are as tnlt. 3% the divine
sirri' Hiictl-1s. 3.24: Civ. qln '(of a statement)
n i s . CvS true; (of a docu~~icrit) prnuine' is corrlriion in
(!.Yp.: X a k . X I q1n 01-?id* 'the truth'; hcnce
I> qarllslz llap. Icp.; Priv. !%./:I,fr. Tam. ,,,,, says qln sG:zle:r 'the words arc true'
IJyg. \ - I I I ti. Civ. b u bitigdeki Fa\vnl b l t i g (\.n,otr~q),and qln a y d t g 'you spoke the t n ~ t h '
J ' o s u n P n e g u k e I n e t l l d a m a y l n FamsIz (Sndnqtn) Iiaj. I 333: q ~ : nsii:z 'a true ("1-~idq)
kiinl hcriirhix '\re undrrtakc to p a y the sun1 \rord' and q1:n k i ~ i : rclinhlc, trllthfrll
liic~~tioried in t h ~ scontract accurding to thc (nl-nttrirrl,~~.lcj~;q) Inan' 111 13,q; a.o. 1 308
terms (Rlong. I.-w.) of the contract without ( b u t u n ) : K B 01 kiinl kjqi 'that honest,
s e r k i n ~any prctcst (to rcfuse) and without truthful man' 863; biitiin qln b a e l r s a k
objection' USp, 12, I 4-16. 'reliable, truthful, and cnmpassionate' 763;
0.0. 60, 336, 868, etc.: X I I I ( ? )Tef. qln 'truth,
Dis. V. CMS- truthful'; qt11 ~k 'truly' 359: X I V Altrh. (ndaqn
D qomll?-/qGmii?- I<ecip. f. of qorn-/qiim- ; ay- (or a y t - ?) Mel. 28, r ; Ri/. I I I : Gag.
pec. to Kay. Xak. XI 01 m e n i g birle: suvka: xv fF. $In ~ e r ~ r'tnle' k Yel. 244 (Wotn.);
q o m q d l : 'he competed with me in diving $1" ('u.ith c-') rdst p ~ d d - irf11r2it 'true', oppo-
(fi'l-ingirnds) into the water', qomugu:r, site to 'lie' Son. 221r. 20 (quotn.): X w a r . xlv
q o m u g m a : k ; and one says qomii$di:, 5'" ditto Q ~ t t b45: KOIII. xrv 'true, genuine'
qG~niiq":r, qiimii$mc:k(nlis-speIt -mn:k), this qln C.'cG; (;r. 78 (quotns.): KIP. XI11 (al-
alsn rileans ir@intris hut deeper (oq'ar nrinlrti) -sidq kfrti:) and al-lrdrl is also called $In, hut
k-nj. I I I I I . not ewryoue kliorts the ~vortlIIorr. 27, 4-5:
Osm. \-I%. IF. $In 'trur, corrcct' i s noted in
'I'ris. C:hILlj v ; i r i o ~ ~phr.
s do\\-n to X\.I and qln seller 'the
I ) q o r n u ~ l u kljap. Icg. : A.N. (Crjtic. N.) fr. true d;nt-n' down to svllr T T S 1163; I1 235;
a 1)cv. N. fr. q o m - which secrtls to st~rvivc 111 154; IIJ7 17s (rill c\cry\vhcrc).
olily in S1- 'l'ilrki q a l n i i ~'h;lthiw' 03 269; 1 c,nomatopcrcic for a s<,ulld alltl
,zl-knrriJ, lit. 'a sccludcd place', usu:illy lueans thc like; ~>.o.a.b.Cf. Tag. q19ra:-. Xak. X I
'prl\-y, lilvat~ry. \\-ash-house', and the like. o,lc says kula:ktrn sIg etti: tarinat ,rdirrli
S a k . X I cornu!jluk ol-l<arr(f Koj.1503. 'I had singing in my ears'; also used for thc
s o u r ~ dmade hy hclls on animals' necks, brass
hlon. C N hasins(~orntli'1-cnlficilrcn'l-toyt), and the like. . .
F Can I.-n.. fr. Chiriese chori 'a wine cup' (2 qlg follo\vs; in the fr,llowing entry the cirn
(Giles 300); n.o.a.h. Uyg. vrll If. Civ. b i r e r seems to carry a linsra and the niin a JotIra, per-
q a n x u m a y a & n 'one cup a day of linseed haps q a g \vas intended), and one says kula:kim
(or niillct, C ~ ~ J ~ I.-IV.)C S C011' II I 6.t; 0.0. (fir. (VLT) Fag elti: and this is riiorc correct (qffn/r)
IZZ-3. than the first lint. I11 357.
?P qag 'llrll, cyr~tbals', and the likc; so oh- 2 $19 an Intcnsifyiny, Particle, perhaps ~nerely
vinusly r,nomatopoeic that it is inipossible a special usage nf 1 qlg. hledieval q t m , \vhich
to say xvhether i t is :I nattvc \\-rird or a s~~rvix.esin NC I<rr. p l m ( a k ) ; I<zx. grnl
I.-\\-. fr. e.p. Chinesr \\here cl,Arg (C;ilcs 695) ( k a r a ) seems to hc a later form nf this \\*nrd.
me3lls 'gong', or Pr. ~otrg(the origin of Ar. X a k . X I and one says q t tolu:
~ k6:1 'a lakc
?orrr) 'harp, lute, c!-mbals', ctc.; the Xak. full (innl'rin) of water', also uscd of anythinl:
xvord at any ratc sccrns to he a I.-m. S.i.s.nl.l. \vhich is cn~nplctelylull (imlolo'a &iyn ji11;)
in NIC, SI:; N\V, S W as ~ a g f q a gctc.,
, usually I<cr~. I11 357: (XIV1l411lr.(?)(~nrjfd~~'l-nl~yn$
r~icatiinp'bcll'. 'l'hc word has no connection 'intensely whitc' a:p a:k); nl,?.n<i sddic 'plain
xvith q a g 'dust', a word of unknoxsn origin in white' q l m a:ki ('intensely hlack' k a p kara:);
several modern langu:igrs. Cf. 1 $10, kog- sdlisn'l-snccdd pure hlnck' q l m k a r a : Rif.
ragu:. See DorrJer 111 1128. IJyg. V I I I ff. 168: KIP. X I V q l m a k 01-nlrydtl'l-yaqoq
1311d.(the sound xvhich comes) s i l k m i ? u l u g 'snow white'; q l m ynclid id. 46).
~ ~ l 'fronl) the ~ great~ ~ ~ you ~ \?Ul cog~ I{;lp. ~ leg,; it is that this is
have shaken' S~rc..490, 17: X a k . XI q a g al- identical with 509 'big', a l . - ~ .fr. Chinese
(see abovr) khy. 11135f: K , ~ .xv culcIl~ c h ~ n g'heavy, important', ctc. (Gilrs 2,880),
'a hung round an animal,s neck' which is first mentioned in G a g x v ff. Snn.
TIIII. r lh. z. zrgv. I and survives in SE, NC, SC. X a k . xr
F qI:n truthv, the like; qog e t nl-hnbr mit~a'f-Ia!r?n 'a l u n ~ pof rneat
a I.-\\,. fr. Chinese clrAr, same meaning (Giles \vifl'out bones or fat' 111357.
589). S.i.a.m.l.p., as plnlqin, etc. T i i r k u
;III ff. 1LIan. A l I I I 17, 12-13 (i) (b191e): Mon. V. CN
UyR. V I I I ff. Rud. Sanskrit sntyattd~?renn'by S c u n - Sce yun-.
 DIS. V
Dls. CNC -ibd' fi) this business'; originally q a n d t u r d ~ :
ganaq Hap. leg.; morphologically a Dim. f. (rnisvocalized ftrrdtcttrrdt) Kay. II 182 (gan-
in -ag hut not semantically connected w. the t u r u r . ganturma:k).
Can listed above, although this is a possible D gandlg- Hap. lea.; Recip. f. qf *gand-.
etymology for ganag 'a leather bottle' in SE Xak. X I ola:r ilckl: g a n d l ~ d ~ those
: two
'I'urki, N$ 239 and NC Klr. Xak. XI qanag were rude to onc another (IaxG$and) and
'an effeminate and cowardly person (al- each opposed (n'rada) the other' Kar. 11 207
-muhannnl wa'f-cahdn); anyone who has no (qandi$u:r. qandiqma:k).
competence in affairs but shows languor and
remissness' Kay. I 358. Dis. CNG
T: qanqu: IIap. leg.; I.-w. fr. Chinese chnn qanak originally something like 'a hollow
chou (Giles 295 2,468). same meaning. Xak. conical object'; survives in SE 'l'iirki 'the
xr cangu: 'a rolling-pin (01- ilmnln) used to hopper of a flour-mill'; NC Klr. 'eye socket;
flatten dough for making no&=llksbKO?.I 417. cotton boll; bean pod; grave shaft'; S W Az.,
rkm. 'a wooden howl'; Osm. 'an earthenware
S cincU: See yingu:. bowl'. See Doerfer 111 112s. Xak. XI qanak
'a wooden cone' (al-ntawrrir) like a saltcellar
T r i s . CNC (read al-mimlalta), etc. Kag. I 381: o.o., both
D q a n a y l ~ kHap. leg.; A.N. fr. ganay. Xak. translated nl-qn,r'a 'a bowl', 111 31 (yogt~:);
xr G a n a ~ l t k(unvocalized, nrin undotted) nl- 109 (yalgan-): XIII(?)Trf. yanak 'howl' 356:
-.r~rqz~la'l-iahnil 'stupidity, effeminacy' Kay. xtv MtrIz.(?) (nl-qnq'a aya:k) a1 qa'b 'a woo-
den bowl' qana:k Rif. 170 (only): Gag.
1503. xv ff. ganaglqanak ('with q-') kasa 'horvl'
PU glnglrga: Hap. leg.; completely un- Son. zo9r. 28 (RGmi quotn.): Oguz X I ganak
vocalized, the mark on the second letter looks al-qas'a Kny. I 3 8 1 : a.o. I 8 4 ( l ayak): Xwar.
niore like a cazrrz than a dot, in which case the xrv ganak 'howl, dish' Qrctb 40: Kom. xrv
word should perhaps he read qrpg~rga:and ditto CCI, CCG; Gr.: KIP. X I I I 01-zabdiyn
talccn np, n t l earlier fomm of g ~ p q ~ k / g ~ p q u'an
k earthenwan: howl' $ana:k Ilurc. 17, rj:
'sparrow' noted in x ~ vA.lulr. Rif. 175 (only): xlv ganak (r) 01-qns'n fd. 46: xv 01-znhdiya
(;ak s v ff. Vel. 247; Snn. 211 V. 10: lcom. X I V ganak (sic) Kno. 64, 7.
( X I ; ,KIP. X I I I to x v in ell authorities and ganka: n.o.a.l~.;prob. n 1.-w.; nl-d6litir ic not
survlvlng in some modern languapes. An old
onirnal name ending in -ga:. Xak. XI (PU) listed in the ordinary dicts. Xak. XI ganka:
g ~ n c l r g a :al-'rtsftir 'sparrow' Kaj. 111242. al-dG!~rir, that is 'a kind of game trap' (al-
-ntapiyid) Kng 1427: Gag. xv ff. ganka(spelt,
by implication, w. c-) cangal 'claw, talon'sa*.
T r l s . V. CNC-
209v. 3.
I3 ~nnagla:- Hap. Icx.; Den. V. fr. yanag: Dis. V. CNC-
Xak. xi 01 anl: ganaq1a:dl: 'he attributed
wcnkness, effeminacy, and languor (al-day DF glnlk- Intrans. Den. V. fr. q1:n; ap-
rcn'l-tohonnu! fun'l-mnltn) to him' K q . 111330 parently survives in NC Klr. qintk-; Kzx.
(c:~nacla:r, canag1a:ma:k). glnik- 'to become hard, strong' and Kar.
L. 'I'. ; g ~ n l k -'to become accustomed to
Kaz.
Mon. V. CND (e.g. hardships)' R I11 2072; I V 205; Koil:.
179; presumably by some such evolution of
*gand- Sre qantur-, vandlg-. meanlng as 'to he tested and found sound'.
Xak. X I s8:z qln~ktl:tahaqqaqn'l-=bar rca'l-
Dis. CND -kalcim 'the news, or statement, was confirmed'
I: qlntan ( g n ~ d a n )'sandal-wood'; I.-w. ulti- Kas. 11 117 ($ln~ka:r, g1ntkma:k): Kom.
mately der. fr. Sanskrit cindana 'Santnltcrrz xrv 'to he tested and found !:enuine' glnlk-
olbtim, the sandal-wood trec', through some CCG; Gr. 78 (quotn.).
unlinonti intermediary. N.0.a.b. Tiirku vrlr IIF qtngar- (q~:ngar-) 'I'rans. Ilen. V. fr.
glntan lgag keliirip 'hringing sandal-wood'
g c n ; 'to investigate, or check thc truth of
/I S I I ; V I I I f f . qlntan 1gag iize: o1u:ru:pan (something Arc.)'; n.0.a.b. Uy2. vllr ff.
'sitting on a sandal-wood tree' IrkB 4: Uyg. g ~ n g a r -'to investigate' is occasionally used
V I I I ff. Bud. (in a list of 32 plants and the like,
by itself e.g. TT V 24, 76 (adlrt1a:-) but
n~aililyI.-w.s) ktzll qlntan 'rcd sandal-wood' usually in the Ger. f. in such phr. A S g ~ n g a r u
Sriv. 476, 4: Civ. gtndan, so~netimesspecified s a k ~ n -'to meditate deeply' do. 22, 15-21;
as 'red' or 'white', is an ingredient in several q l n g a r u kiir- 'to look fixedly (at something)' U
remedies in H I and 11: Xak. X I glnda:n al-
-fancia1 'sandal-wood': ~ 1 n d a : na t 'a reddish II ~ 4 ~ U4 I1 ;1 36, 17; 40.4; 53: ~ f i i ) T
459, 481 and qlngaru bll- to know for
; TX
hay (01-umd) horse' Kay. 1436; a.o.11122, 24. certain' (as the result of investigation) SUV.
597, I ; in the first case it is used in the Hend.
Dls. V. CND- tetrii c'ngaru: Xak. XI 01 bu: ~ : g ~$In- g
D qantur- ( ~ a n d t u r - )Hap. leg.; Caus. f. of gardl: tafahhala apla'l-amr ma paqqaqnhrr
*qanrl-. Xak. xr 01 snl: bu: q k a : canturdl: 'he investigated the origin of the affair and
'he urged him to refuse to take part in ('ala'l- checked it'; originally 91:ngardl: with -1:-
426 D I S . V.
Kaj. I1 182 (only qt:ngarma:k sic): Klp. xlv qe~ile-lqegilde- (of a do^) 'to yelp, howl'
(qandar- (sic, ?error for qlndar-) iaqafpi 'to .YDD 324. Xak. XI ~t yagl:la:dt: 'the dog
study a question deeply', one says yandaru: howled (harra) when it was heaten'; this is
(sic?) gorgtl 'question him searchingly'), and used for a sound other than a bark (~arutuhu
in Kit& Beylik q ~ n k a r d ~(c-,
: sic) tafdhaqa drina'l-nubiilr); and one says to a man when he
(rir, ?corrupt; ?tnfdhama 'to try to under- has used abominahlc langua~e(gonna'a bi-
stand') Id. 46. -Knlfimil;i) telim q a g ~ : l a : d ~jofnhtn
g hn!ira(n)
rua rihta 'you have stirred I I a~ lot of discord
[)is. CNG and made a loud noise' Knj. 111404 (qagt:la:r,
I'll qogek Ifap. leg.; this u n ~ d C
, a g ~ (Hap.
l qn~~:ln:ma:k).
leg.) and tergek (q.v.) are included in a Sub-
section 01-grrnna (i.e. with -9-) of a Section 1)is. C N R
containing words with five consonants of the D q ~ g r a : k Dev. N. fr. qt9ra:-. Survives in
fomfn'nl'nl like slmiirgiik; there is perhaps SC 1Tzh. qlnklrok 'strident, squeaky' (but
a serious error somewhere. Cf. konek. Qigll qinkirlk 'a scream' seems to be a separate
xr qogek al-'ttlba 'a leather n~ilkingpail' K a j 1l)ev. N. fr. qlnklr- (Flora:-)) arid SW Osm.
11290. q ~ n g i r a k(sic) 'a small bell'. Xak. xr q t ~ r a k
u:n 'a loud, clear (01-cahiru'l-pifi) sound' Kay.
VU qiiniik 'plane tree'; n.0.a.b.; cf. $aru:n; 111 383: x ~ vMuh. al-janc 'cymbals', etc.
displaced everywhere, except in N E where q t : ~ l r a :(sic) Mel. 5 I , 4; Rif. 148: Gag. xv ff.
there is (?)no word for 'plane tree', hy Pe. $lnklrak/yrnklraw (spelt) caras 'a bell' Sun.
~ i n d rUyg.
. xlv Chin.-UJ~.Dict. ch'un 'a long- 221r. 22.
lived tree' (several varieties) (Giles 2,856)
$Unilk Ligeli 199; R I V 1109: Xak. xr Dls. V. CNR-
qUniik qacaru'l-drtlb 'the plane tree, Platanus
orimtalis' Kay. 1388: 'the plane tree' is called D ql9ra:- Den. V. fr. q191r an onutnatopocic
giinlik, the $- being altered from $- 1390. cojinate to 1 qtg noted only in NE Tel. R 111
2068, and as qlnE~r/qlnRtr q ~ n g i rin SW
Dis. C N L O s ~ n .S.i.s.n>.l, in NE, NC, NW, and S W
Tkm. as qtg~r-/qrnk~r-/qlnkIr-,etc. Xak.
I'II q a w 1 Hap. leg.; see qiigek rcgardinp X I 01 kogra:gu: $tl~ra<11:'the bell on the
spelling. Xak. xr Fagal e r 'a wicked (a[-gnrir) horse's neck jingled (snwzontn) and the bridle
man' Kaj. II 290. rattled (iol$ala)' Kaf. 111 402 ( q ~ g r a : r ,
VU $1911 Hap. leg. ?; ononlatopoeic; cf. 1 $19, q1gra:ma:k; the 01 is superfluous; cf. $19-
etc. Xak. xi one says yiigii:n qlgtl qt911 ettl: rat-): KIP. xrv (under konraw) qtnradl: is
'the bridle jingled (saturcatn); also used for used for 'to ring, huxx' (minn'l-!attin); o u r p y x
any similar sound KO?. 111366. Faxru'l-din informcd us to this eRcct id. 7s:
O s m . xrv to SVIII qcgra- 'to ring, jingle', etc.;
VU qagll: ma911: Nap. leg.; no doubt a in several texts TTS I 160; 11231; I11 1 s t ;
n~eaninglessjingle; cf. SCf' xx Ostn. yatal 11' 171.
m a t a l the name of a similar children's gamc
S D D VI 46. Xak. sl qagli: ma@: 'the name L) g ~ g r a t -Caus. f. of Flora:- ; riow obsolete?
of a children's garne (lo'ih), called in Ar. al- Xak. XI o l kogra:&u: qtgrattl: 'he made the
-dnrcd8(t) 'see-saw' Kng. I11 379. hells on the horse's ncck jinglc and the bridle
rattle' I<ay. IZ 358 (qlgratu:r, g t g r a t m a k ;
\'U qegllk Hap. leg.; the word lies between same translattor~as qI9rn:- but her; clearly
ttivliik and koglek hut is completely un- Trans.): Osrn. xlv to x v ~qlgrat- to make
vocalized; presumably an A.N. (Conc. N.) of (something) ring, jingle'; in several texts
unknown origin. Xak. SI ~ e g l i kal-lablcib TP;S 1160; I1 282; 111 151; I V 171.
'bindweed, Dolirhos Idlab' kpay. 111383.
T r i s . CNR
Dls. V. CNL-
D qluartgu: (?misreading of qtgratgu:) Hup.
11 qtnla:- Den. V. fr. p : n ; s.i.s.m.1. (not SC. leg.?; Dev. N. (Conc. N.) fr. q t ~ r a t - ;'a
SW) meaning 'to spcalr the truth, behave cor- bell'. Uyg. V I I I ff. Bud. PP 79, 4-6 (as-).
rectly'. Cf. qlnlk-, qmgar-. Xak. xl 01 I:$@
q1nla:dt: haqqaqa'l-nmr 'he confirmed (or
verified) the affair' Kay. 111 296 (qtnla:r,
qtn1a:ma:k). F q a g y : 1.-w. fr. Chinese ch'ang shih 're-
membrancer, annalist' (Giles 450 9,893)
D qlnlat- Caus. f. of q~nla:-;s.i.s.m.1. Xak. appears as a title in several Turkish names.
xr 01 anrg 1:gtn r ~ n l a t t r :'he ordered that Ttirkti vrrr ff. Yen. Uz Bilge: Cagql: Ma!.
what he (i.e. someone else) said or claimed 31, I : Uyg. ~ I I ff.I Man. Bilir Gig$] M 112
(iddn'ii) should be verified' (or. confirmed, 46, 4 (iii): Bud. C a ~ $ occurs
l at the end of
bi-tu$diq) Kaf. II 34.7 (qlnlatur, qm1atma:k). several P.N.s in Pfahl. 2 2 , s ; 23, 14-20: Xak.
X I c a g q ~ :the name of an amir of Xotan; that
T r i s . V. CNL- country was conquered because of him; it is
D qagt:la:- Den. V. fr. an extended form of said that he was overthrown (mnqltib, or read
qng; survives only(?) in S W xx Anat. qenile-1 rnngl~ib'conquered'?) by Camvid Kng. 111378.
 MON
F qag$u: Hap. leg.; no doubt a Chinese I.-w. a word almost certainly older than the O&$JZ
Xak. XI qaDgu: 'a small tunic' (01-qrrrluq) sound-change y- > C - . O ~ U xr Z qer 'the
Kay. I11 378. opposite of something' (qubcilatu'l-yay'); hence
one says anlg evi: bu: qerlikde: 'his house
T r l a . CNS is opposite this thing' (sic, but ?'his house is
(D) q e n i ~ t i i r i i k Hap. leg.: Conc. N. fr. in this locality'); hence qerig is used for 'the
*yen@, which might be a Ilcv. N. fr. *yen-, two battle ranks' (snffoji'l-harh) because they
but there is no trace of either word. By its confront one anothrr (~*aiaqZbal6n) Kal. 1 323.
description this might be the lichee'. See 1 qsr an onomatopoeic; survives, with slightly
qeniqtIlrCLk8e:-. Xak. xr qenlgturiik 'a tree different shades of meanina in NC Klr. q t r
fruit (ham1 yacar) like a nut (a/-hanediq), red and S W Osm. q i r Red. 743 (only); it is possible
and white'; it ripens at the beginning of the that SW Osm. ylrlqlr 'sparrow' is an extended
summer and is eaten Koy. 1530. meaning of this word, and that the Cai. word
below has the same meaning. Xak. X I ylr 'an
T r i s . V. ~ N S - onomatopoeic for the sound (01-farct) pro-
D genf9tiiriikse:- Hap. leg.; Ilesid. Den. V. duced by tearing (nlin mozq) a garment, etc.;
fr. ~ e n i ~ t i i r uquoted
k; only as an example of hence one says on19 to:nln gtr y u t t ~ :'he
the Desid. f. Xak. xr e r qenl$tilrUkse:tli: tore his garment with this sound' (muyaw-
'he longed for the well-known fruit' (!amar); wita(n) lahu) Kah 1 3 2 3 : Gag. xv ff. q ~ 'ther
it is spherical (?hlrwa bi'l-kliro, ?I.-w. fr. Pe. name of a bird which flies about in large flocks'
kuro) like a Chinese nut (al-bonddiq rini, or (fawc fawc) Sun. 21 8r. z (quotn.).
'like a nut, Chinese (by origin)') Kaj. 1280, 4
(completely unvocalized in the MS.); n.m.e. VU 2 q~ Hap. leg.; 'fat'; the words used to
translate it suggest a rather more solid com-
Mon. CR modity than ya:g; ol-dasam seems to mean
'dripping' or more generally 'fat', 01-$a!rm is
f q a r in the onotnatopocic j i n ~ l cq a r qur, usually 'suct', but of-sim!ldq nomially means
which survives in SW Rep. Turkish in such 'the pericranial membrane', hcre perhaps
phr. as y a r Cur e t - 'to squander, dissipate'. more generally 'membrane', and al-samn is
T h e phr. wns no dnuht colloquial and is not more us~~ally 'clarified huttcr' than 'fat' proper.
rioted in the Osm. dicts. Sce gar, which is In the ahsence of any known connecting link
said to he a Scc. f. of yar and is an onoma- the resemblance to Russian zhir 'fat, suet' is
topoeic with a sliphtly different meaning. 'I'his prob. a mere coincidence. Xak. X I q l r 'fat'
cntry is appended to that of gar, and so is out (al-dasorn); one says egiqte: qsr yo:k 'there
of its alphabetical position in t+ MS. Xak. is no fat in the pot'; its origin is 'the mem-
st one says 01 g a r q u r y6:di: he eat every- brane on suet' (al-sim!tcip mina'l-frhm); hence
thing that he found and left nothing' Kaf. I one say-s bu: ette: ylr yo:k 'there is no thin^
323. in the way of suet or fat (yay' mina'l-yabm rua'l-
2 ya:r in the phr. qa:r q a r m a k which seems -samn) on this meat' Kay. 1323-
to be a Inere jingle, perhaps in children's 1 TO:' a 'Turkish title rather rare in Turkish
Ianpuage; pec. to Kay. Xak. 41 'young texts and perhaps commoner in the Chinese
chil:lren' (al-darcidiqu'l-affiil) are called ya:r records where it is represented by rho (Giler
q a r m a k f i r . I11 148; (hetween ~ a x g a : kand 2,421). It is stated in the Chiu T'ong Shu (see
qrgruk) ya:r y a r m a k 01-darddiq wa'l-ntftl; Liu Mau-tsai, Die chinesischen Nachrichten
one of them is a jingle (i!bfi') of the other; zur Geschirhte der Ost- Tiirken ( T'rr-kitre),
c a m r a k is an alternative form (llcfa fihi) 1469. Wieshaden, 1958, p. I 58) that Kutlug XaEan,
before he became xo$an, was a hereditary
1 qer tlap, ICE.; it is hard to see what hikiiya t o d u n qor, and his brother, who became
means here; it can hardly mean 'onomatopoeic', I<apgan Xaean, is always called by the Chinese
perhaps 'a word used only to form Den. V.s'. Mo-cho (see op. cit., passim) which appears
Cf. ~ e r l e t - ,qcrlen-. Xak. xr Fer 'a !tikEya in Tibetan script as hBua-Cor, and perhaps
for great bodily weight' ('an' !iqo/i'l-badnrr); represents * B o ~ o : Co:r. There is also a
hcnci one says e r qerlendi: the man's body reference (op. cit., p. 170) to the 'Cor of the
was hcavy' (!aqa/r). A Xiikiini word Kay. 1322. five To-lu (Ttilis) tribes of the Left Wing of
2 q e r Hap. leg.; 'time'; cf. o:d; it is possible the Ten Tribes (i.e. the Western Tiirkii)'.
that this was the Oguz equivalent of ti:& which A qo:r therefore seems to have been some-
is not recorded in any OBuz language except thing less than a xaian and more than a beg,
x x Anat., but if so it was displaced by I.-w.s perhaps the head of a small confederation, cf.
like waqt and zamrin at an early date. O g u z XI elteber, 1 irkin. As regards the pronuncja-
qer al-ivaqt 'time', hence one says bu: Cer- tion, the Middle Chinese pnnunciation of cho,
likde: kel 'come at this time' (i.e. 'now') though uncertain, i s likely to have been nearer
Kaj. 1323. char than chur and the Tibetan transcription
for points in the same direction. Tiirkii vrlr
3 qer (?cer) Hap. leg.; it is prob. that this is (VU) T a d l k Cor I E 32; Tardu:g Inanyu:
merely an Oguz form of y6:r 'place', and that F o r I N 13; Kul q o r the leader of the Tardug
Koj. gave it this meaning owing to the begs II S 13; Igvara: T a m g a n Cor Yabgu:
erroneous belief that it is connected with qerig, Ongin 4; Is. is a memorial to Kiill C o r and
 Yegen C o r is mentioned in 1.r. 21,26: VIII ff. alone but must have an appropriate Ohjcct
(PU) Unagan q o r Miran A.2. ( E T Y II 64): Snn. zthv. 13 (quotn.): Kom. x ~ v'to snap
Yen. El qor Afd. 32, 8. Uyg. vrrr ff. Man. the fingcrs' qert- CCG; Gr.
111 117, r ff. is descrihed as a poem by Afrin
Cor T e g i n : Bud. Inal q o r Pfahl. 24, 35 Dis. V . CRU-
(a rather later document, perhaps here a I) qertif- I'acs. f. of q e r t - ; s.i.s.tn.l. Xnk. X I
tnerely honorar?. titlc): 0. Kir. I S fT. K i l l k g ~ e r t l l d i :ne:g ffitn'l-gay' 'the thing slipped,
q o r Afol. 7, r ; Elqi: q o r KUq B a r s do. 14, I. escaped, passed hy', and the like I<ap. I 1 229
\'LT 2 qo:r Hap. leg. Xak. xr qo:r ura:gut (qertilii:r, qerti1me:k; prov. ; see ertlemsiz);
01-r~fqrimitta'l-nisri' 'a \vonint, with a tight o.o., same translatir~n, I 103, 4; 11 148, 9 ;
vapina': Oguz XI the O h z call 'dense vegeta- 11141, 21.
tion' (al-nnht~r'l-multaff)qo:r o t ; the first (i.e. Dis. C I I ~
Xak.) meaning comes from this KO?. 111 rzr.
c a r u k a kind of footwcar; ~ r ~ r specifically
~rc
\'U qur Pec. to Kaf. Xnk. xr c u r c u r 'an 'a rough, home-made hoot', as opposed to
onomatopoeic for the sound of milk falling etiik 'a professionally ~ n a d cboot'. Survivcs
from the udder into the pail'; also used of any in the same meaning in N C Klr.; SW Az..
liquid when it makes a noise (yawwata) Kay. Osm., Tkm. as qarlk. Note that q a r u k
1 323; qurqur (among the words with four (caruk) in Xwar. xrrr(?) Og. is a Sec. f. of
consonants) one says tevey emigi: qurqur y a r u k . See DorrJer I11 1044. Xak. X I q a r u k
'an onomatopoeic for the fall of milk into a al-hi&?' 'a sandal, rough hoot' Kaf. I 381
deep dish'(fi'1-cafno) (Ilt. 'the gurgling sound (prov.; also 'a trihe of Turks residing in Uar-
of a camel's udder') 1485. ~ u k ' ) : Gag. xv ff. q a r u k (spelt) 'a sandal
\'U qiir Hap. leg.; cf. asrg, ~vliichseems to (nJzdr) with a leather sole and an upper made
of cordage' Son. 2o;v. 29: KIP. xlv q a r u k
have displaced this word completely. Cf. (c-) 'a sandal (01-!rids') made of hide, used in
qiirlet-, qiirlen-. Xak. X I qiir al-mnnfa'a snow and wnrn over the felt stockings (or
'advantage, profit' Kag. I323 (and see qiirle:-). hoots?, nl-mrccirih)' fd. 42.
q ~ r g u : y no.:l.l>.; thr tiicanirlg in K H 'is
Tart Hap. leg. ; the jingle is prntj. the original <)lwcure; perhaps a mrtnph. for someone who
form. Xak. X I 'the crunlhs and fragments takes in hut does not givc o ~ ~ Xak. t. XI
(hrqriq . . . rrn rrrrIirdihi)' of any thing are called q1rRu:y 'ayr nrrlli'l-snlrr~t,'thc midrib of an
c a r t q u r t ; hence one says biz10 anda: bi:r nrrnrv-hcsd': prgu:y 'the loop (ol 'rrrrun)
q a r t algu:mlz ba:r 'he has a frapment ( e . g through which the belt passes on either side
of hread, kism) which \ve are entitlcd to receive' of a robe' Knr. iII 241; Kl3 ay F I ~ ~ Ua yY
k7ag. 1341. m u g l u g a y t u g m i $ elig 'oh . . ., miserable,
close-fisted man' 1673.
q ~ r ant onomatopoeic with a series of not v c ~ y
closely related meanings. NC IGr. qtrt tiikii- Tris. C R ~
riin- is exactly syn. w. the Xak. phr., but D qaruklug F'.N./A. fr. q a r u k ; survives in
otherwise Klr. qlrt and Kzx. q l r t ; S C Uzb. S W Osm. q a r ~ k l l . Xak. xr qaruklug e r 'a
qirt mean 'a cracking noise' (but Uzb. girt man wearing sandals' (rnrc!~tn$i) KO?. I 497
p i r t is syn. w. Tart q u r t above); NW Nop. (also the name of an Oguz trihe).
$art et- mrsns 'to snap the fin~ers'(cf. qert-)
and S W Osm. czrt (sic), Red. 653, 'a screech- D qarukluk IIap. leg.; A.N. (Conc. N.) fr.
inc noise'. Xak. xr \\.hen a man spits through qaruk. Xak. X I parukluk 'a piece of leather
gaps in his teeth (bnzaqa . . . rnin xi/di nsndnihi) (of-qicid) for rnaking sandals' Kap. 15 0 3 .
one says qcrt so:dtl: KO$. I 341 : Gag. s v ff.
$Irt knrtndarr 1.61 ~tkrrra,@o ddrlc*r the word for T r i s . V. CRC-
'breaking wind' L'el. 241. I) qarukla:- Den. V. fr. c a r u k ; survives in
NC Klr. qarlkta- 'to wrap (an unshod horsc's
Mon. V. CRD- hooves) in (something before ridinfi over
qcrt- an ononlatoporic word meaning basically rough ~ m u n d )to ; circle (wlien flying)'. Xak.
'to make some kind of noise while doing some- sr 01 ada:ktn $arukla:dr: 'the man put on
thing'; cf. qrrt. S.i.a.m.l.g. (in S W not Osm.) 'I'urkisli sandals' (ha& . . . hi-/ti&' ttirki) Kaj.
u.;ually for 'to snap (the fingers), to pluck 1IZ 337 ( q a r u k l a : ~ ,caruk1a:ma:k).
(a stringed instrument)'. Xak. XI 01 qertti:
ne:gni: nfita'l-$ay' 'he let the thing drop'; D qaruklan- Hap. leg.; ReR. f. of qaruk1a:-.
and one says 01 yarma:k u:qln qertti: he Xak. XI e r qaruklandl: 'the man wore
clipped (hasam) the edge of the silver coin'; sandals, or became an owner of them' h-aj. 11,
also used when you clip the edge of anything 266 (qaruklanu:r, qaruk1anma:k).
else KO$. I11 426 (qerte:r, qertme:k): Gag.
;v ff. $Kt- (sic, ?in error) (I) ntidrab aadan Dis. CRG
to ply the plectrum'. in Pe. zaxma; (2) 'to qerig originally prob. 'troops drawn up in
use a razor on the limbs'; (3) 'to split (gihastan) battle order', a rather more restricted concept
kernels and seeds containing kernels with the than 'army', which was sii:. but when sU:
teeth', in Ar. talabbrrb; the V. cannot be used became obsolete it was used more generally
 for 'army, troops', etc. KO$.'$ derivation fr. fariqci'l-qitdl 'the two hattle fr~rmatinnsformed
3 qer is morpholngically impossible. An early up in battle ranks' Kaf. II 209 (qergegil:r,
I.-w. in Mong. (Ifaettisclt 26); s.i.a.m.1.g. with qergegme:k; verse); 0.0. I 442, 8 (same
minor phonetic variations, but now become verse); 1179, 22 and I1 283, 5 (both the same
ohsolete in some SC, NW languages. See verse, of flowers growing up in rows); I1 303,
Doerfer 111 1079. Tilrku vrrl sllgiig bolsar 9 (of stars).
qerig e t e r ertl: 'when there was a battle he
arranged the troops in battle order' Ix. 9: T r l s . CRG-
Uya. vrrr qerig dtdirn $u. I? 3; a.0. do. 4 (1 D Ferguqi: Hap. leg.; N.Ag. fr. *qergti:;
u:q): vrrr ff. IBud. adlnlarnlg silsln qerigin this word and a parallel Den. V. occur in
trdmak s e r g i l r m e k krlurmen 'I bring a passage lamenting the oncorning of old
about the obstruction and halting of the others' age between the sentences 'whatever youth
army and troops' U I1 69, 5 (ii); 0.0. do. 74, collected for me, old age has come and taken
4 (i) (sii:). SIIV.409 I I : Ci 6odiin qerigdin away. It will come to you too' and 'I have
a t a l g a l ~kelgllqi
' :comid.from the eastern become the prisoner of years and months to
army to collcct horses' USp. 53 (i) 2-3; 0.0. my sorrow'. There is no real clue to their
do. 104, 19-20; T T I 39 (kolun-): Xak. xr meaning, hut they might mean 'mourner' and
qerig ,vaff~r'l-harb'battle ranks' Kag. I 388 'mourn' or the like. Xak. XI K B a y a q e r g l l ~ i
(prov.); I 95 (ulker) a.o.0. with the same, or kel m i n i ~ e r g i i l e373.
a similar, translation: KB qerigin sokiip
'breaking the (enemy's) ranks' 2268: XII(?) T r i s . V. CRG-
K B V P u r u ~ l a r (Idinde qerig ttizgiini
'putting the ranks in order in time of battle' D qorek1e:- Ilap. leg.; Den. V. fr. qorek.
44; 0.0. do. 38, 45: xrir(?) Tef. qerrig 'army' Xak. xr 01 u:nug qorek1e:di: 'he made a
358: xrv al-'oskar 'army, troops' qeri:g Me!. round loaf (qnrasa) from the flour' Kaf. III
50, 8 ; Rif. 145 (reading 'askaru'l-harb): Gag. 340 ($brekle:r, corek1e:me:k).
xv ff. qerik ('with -k') l a ~ k a r'army' Vel. 240;
Sun. 216v. 6 (quotns.): O ~ UX Z I qerlg 'the D qer$ule:- See qerguqi:.
pppositc (qttbcila) of anything' and 'the time
(woqt) of anything' Ka$. I 388 (no other trace Dis. CRL
of such meanings, see 2.3 qer): Xwar. XIII(?) D qerlig Hap. leg.; P.N./A. fr. 1 q e r ; difficult
cerig is the standard word for 'army, troops' to connect semantically w. that word, but cf.
in 02.; sii: does not occur: xrv ditto Qutb 42; cerlet-. Xak. XI al-axfa$ 'a man with weak
MN 72: Kom. xrv 'army' cerl CCI, CCG; sight' is called k6:zi: qerlig Kaj. 1477.
Gr. 74 (phr.): KIP. X I I I al-'ajkar ge:ri: (sic),
also called sii:, hence sii: ba91: 'the head of D 1 , 2 qerlik See 2 . 3 qer.
the army' ITou. 14, 10; (in the list of P.N.s)
Bekqeri: either 'strong army' or 'chief of the Dis. V. CRL-
army', a phrase (?, htrwa l u h ) do. 30, 3: XIV
qeri: (c-) al-'askar, also called qerig fd. 42; D qar1a:- Den. V. fr. 1 Far, but with a rather
01-'askar qerl: (c-) Bul. 6, 10. wider meaning; survives in SW Osm. c a r l a -
SIC),same meaning. Xak. XI og1a:n qar1a:dl:
qorek 'a round loaf of bread'; more restricted 'bay robbe,d' (bakii); and one says gaga:n
in meaning than e t m e k . S.i.s.m.1. in NW and qar1a:dt: the elephant trumpeted' (szha)
SW usually for 'cake, pastry'. See Doetfer Kay. III 295 (qarla:r, qar1a:rna:k; and see
I11 135. Xak. XI qorek 01-qurf 'a round loaf cogla:-): Fag. xv ff. qarla- (or carla- ?, not
of bread' Kaj. I 388: Gag. xvff. qorek o t ~ spelt) $adz zadan wa nidZ wa 6xZz kardan 'to
siydh ddna 'coriander seed' in Ar. habbatu'l- call out, shout', and the like Son. zosr. 23:
-sow& San. 21zv. 23 (the same phr. occurs in Xwar. xrrr c a r l a - ditto 'Ali 48: XIII(?)Farla-
Osm. and this should perhaps have been 'to call to, summon' 02. go, 332, 358.
labelled R~imi):KIP. X I I I at-ptrrs qorek Horc.
15, 19: xrv ditto fd. 42; qorek al-bnqsimZtitrc'1- VUD qiir1e:- Hap. leg.; Den. V. fr. cur.
-si,@r 'small biscuits' do. 43 ; al-rtiniz 'coriander Xak. xr (after qiir) hence one says 01 a n d l n
seed' qii:re:k otr: 13~1.7, 2: Osm. xrv qorek ne:g qiir1e:dl: ndla minhtr manfa'a 'he ob-
'a round loaf of hread'; c.i.a.p. T T S I 168; tained a benefit (or profit?) from him' Kaj. I
I1 246; I11 160; I V 182. 323; n.m.e.
V U qorgii: Hap. leg.; on the analogy of D ~ a r l a t -Caus. f. of carla:-. Xak. xr 01
biitgil:, q.v., which follows immediately out og1a:nlg qarlattl: 'he made the boy sob'
of alphabetical order, it has been suggested (abkri); also used for making an elephant
that the missing word is 'to urinate'. Xak. xr trumpet Kap. I1 344 (qarlatu:r, qar1atma:k):
one says to a boy when he is asked 'whether he Gag. xv ff. ~ a r l a t -(or carlat-?) 'to order to
wants to or not' (itul bihi am hi) qargu: b a r call out' (jada zadan) Son. zogr. 6.
mu: Kaf. 1430. D qerlet- Caus. Den. V. fr. 1 qer; apparently
survives in SW xx Anat. S?D 327. Xak. XI
Dis. V. CRG- o t an19 k6:zln qerletti: the drug injured
D Fergeg- Recip. Den. V. fr. qerig; pec. to (afsoda) his eye'; also used for making a man
Kar. Xak. X I Ikki: su: qergegti: istnffa heavy (n!kala) through the consumption of
 D I S . V '. C R L -
coarse (Rnli?) food and the like Knf. II 345 don 'to have somet thin^) twiqtcd or wrapped
(qerletii:r, cer1etme:k). up' Salt. 217v. 16 (quotn.).
VUL) qurlet- Hap. leg.; Caus. f. of $We:-. L) qermel- Pass. f. of qerme:-; s.i.s.m.1. with
Xak. xr ol a n d ~ nne:g qiirletti: 'he urged similar phonetic changes. Xak. X I
someone to pilfer (qaffa) something from his cermeldi: 'the whip-lash (ctc.) was twisted
(someone else's) property' Kaf. II 345 and plaited' (lirwwiya wn rummila) Kay. II
(qiirletU:r, qiir1etme:k). z j I (qermelU:r. qerme1me:k): Gag. xv ff.
q~rmal-Iqlrman-lqirmag- pigida pdan 'to
U qerlen- Refl. Den. V. fr. 1 qer; cf. qerlet-. he twisted, or wrapped up' Son. z17r. 27
Apparently survives in S\V s x Anat. SDD 327. (quotns.): Kom. xlv 'to he wrapped up'
Xak. X I e r &zi: qerlendi: 'the man was ill q ~ r m a l -CCG; Gr.
(i'talla), and his body was heavy' (!aq~tln); and
hence one says anlg kozi: qerlendi: 'his eye D qermeq- Co-op. f. of qerme:-; s.i.s.m.l.
suffered from ophthalmia' (ranladat) Kat. I1 with similar phonetic changes. Xnk, xt 01
244 (qerlenii:r, qer1enme:k; these two maga: q a v ~ g(rnis-spelt &ig) qermeqdi: 'he
erroneously vocalized pi-); a.0. I 322 (1 qer). helped me to plait(fi lnff) the whip-lash' Kay.
11 210 (qermegii:r, qermegme:k): Gag.
VUD qiirlen- Hap. leg.; Refl. f. of qiir1e:-. sv ff. San. 217r. 27 (qermel-).
Xak. XI 01 a n d ~ nne:g qurlendi: 'he drew a
.
profit (carra . . manfa'a) from him' Kaf. II Dis. CRN
zqg ($ILrlenii:r, qiir1enme:k).
VU qaru:n Hap. leg.; cf. ciinuk. Yagma:
D qarlag- Hap. leg.; Co-op. f. of Carla:- X I qaru:n facartc'l-drrl/> 'plane tree, Plafantts
Xak. xr og1a:n qarlagdt: bakati'l-fibya'n 'the orientalis' Kay. 1414.
boys sobbed (together)'; and one says yaga:n-
la:r qarlaqdi: 'the elephants trumpeted VU q ~ r ~Hap.
g leg.; an onomatopocic, cf.
(bnkat . . . ya'ni tdftot; together)' Kay. I1 210 1 qlr, 1 q ~ g .Xak. X I q i r q 'an onomatopoeic
(qarlaqu:r, qar1a~ma:k). for the sound made by a brass basin (al-!asr)
and the like' Kay. I11 370.
Dis. CRM F qurnl: 'powder'; I.-w. ultimately der. f.
qartm See Cam. Sanskrit c t i ~ asatne
, meaning. N.0.a.b. Uyg.
v~rrff. Cir. (in medical prescriptions) r a s a y a n
VU qura:m Hap. leg. Xak. xr qura:m 'a q u r n ~'ros8yana powder' T T VII 22, I ; TT
shot (ramjma) with a light arrow'; it is longer V1II Ad. 29-20 (nntag); common in H I and
(ab'nd) than a standard shot (al-gahua); a man II: Xak. XI qurni: 'a laxative drug (dawd
shoots it lying on his back (mustalqd) so that it mushil) compounded by Turkish physicians'
niay go further (yaktm ntndri run ab'nd); and Kaj. I 435: KB (in a verse with several
one says qura:m o k ~ :for the arrow used in unidentified drugs) ya qurni ilkit 'or hare
that kind of shot Kay. 1412. 3 powder ground' 1064; a.0. 2887 (Kay.'s

S q a r m a k See 2 qa:r.
translation should perhaps be adopted here).
Mon. C R S
Dis. V. CRM-
Cerme:- 'to twist up (something); roll up
VU c a r s Hap. leg.; onomatopoeic. Xak. XI
one says 01 ant: Gars Cars u r d ~ :darabahu
(one's sleeves, etc.)'. S.i.a.m.1.g.; in SW Osm., bld rildilti hi-~acut'he heat him noisily on his
Tkni. qerme- (but in Osm. the metathesized bare skin' KO?. I 348.
form qemre- is commoner), but in all other
languages where it survives, including SW Dis. CSD
Az., cirma-. Not noted in Xak. although der.
f.s are. Gag. s v ff. qirma-(-p) sor- ve bagla- qasut See qayut.
to wrap and tie up' Vel. 240 (quotn.); qlrma-
p i w n 'to twist, wrap up' Son. 217r. 12 Dis. CSM
(quotns.): Kom. xrv 'to wrap up' qtrma-, ?IS qiisiim See qtigum.
CCG; Gr.: O s m . XIV qerme- 'to roll up
(one's skirts. etc.)' in one tent; XVI ff. qemre- Dls. V. CSR-
ditto, in several T T S II 217.
q a s u r - See qayur-.
1) qermet- Caus. f. of qerme:-; s.i.s.m.1.
with similar phonetic changes. Xak. XI a l p Mon. C$
e r atin qermetti: 'the warrior had his VU Gag 'turquoise'; n.0.a.b.; displaced in
horse's tail plaited with a silk ribbon' (armala about xlv in all languages by the Pe. I.-w.
. . . bi-harira); this is one of the distinguishing firczo. Xnk. xr gag 01-fayrkzac 'turquoise'
marks ('al@mdt)of warriors; also used of any- Kny. I 330 (verse); 0.0. 11 79 (sagur-); II
thing which is twisted and plaited (yitrmal 192 (kontur-): xlv Mtth. al-faynizac qag
mnftlila(n)) like the lash of a whip which is ( c - ) Me/. 75, 8; qa:q (c-) Rif. 178.
plaited with leather thongs (ynfofl bi-qidd)
Knp. I f 349 (~ermetii:r,qermetrne:k): Gag. qig ori~inallya quasi-onon~atopoeic;survives
xv H. qlrmat-/$lrma$tur- Cauu. f.s; pifdn- in SCV Onm. as a common N. for 'urination,
 defecation'. Xak. X I qig qig 'an expression Dis. C$M
used by a woman when making a hoy (etc.) I'U ?F ~ t i $ i i m'mulberry';
survives in the SE
urinnte' ('inda ibdlafi'l-$obi); also used by a Turfan dialect as ciicem/yucem, A. von le
horseman when making his horse urinate after Coq, Sptichwcifter und Lieder aur der Gegmd
a journey Kaf. I 3 3 r won Turfan, Leipzig, 1910, p. 89. T h e Uyg.
texts are all late and the second consonant
Mon. 'V.C$- could be read as -)-. The relationship between
*qag- See qagut, qagur-. this word and Ujme:, q.v., is obscure; both
are prob. 1.-w.s; they can hardly go back to
S qeg- See seg-. one original but might have been borrowed
fr. different Iranian dialects. Uyg; vlrr ff. Civ.
Dis, V. CVA- + g e m k u r u g tiztim suvt a decoction
of mulberries and raisins' H I 83; flqItm
D give:- Hap. leq.; Den. V r. ~ i $ .Xak. XI si5glltnig yiiriig kastkt 'the white bark of a
og1a:n qlge:dl: the boy kinated and de- mulberry-tree' do. 191 : xrv Chin.-Uyg. Dict.
fecated'; this word is used only of children 'mulberry-tree' q u g u m (sic) R 111 2182;
Kay. 111 267 (no Aor. or Infin.). qtigiim (?$@am) Ligeti 155.
I
Dis. C$D Dis. C$R
P U D Fagut the exact pronunciation (-9- or SF qa:$lr See 1 qa:tlr.
-s-) is uncertain since the Up& script is
I ambiguous and the ICrp. and Osm. forms may Dis. V. C$R-
have been altered to conform to a supposed D qagur- presumably Caus. f. of *qa$-;, cf.
etymological connection with Ar. ccis~is;the qagut, q.v. N.0.a.b. Uyg. VIII ff. Bud. ( ~ fI
meaning too may have altered for the same have lied ,or) qagurdum (mistranscribed
reason. Active Dev. N. fr. *gag-, cf. qagur-, ~ a h r d u r n ) delated' (or used rough, harsh
q.v. The meaning in Uyg. can only be con- language) U I1 85, 23; (if we have fied or)
! jectured, but as both \;vords are used in Hend. $agurdumuz yogadtmlz e r s e r delated
with yooa:g/yoga:-, delation' or 'false sccu- and made false accusations' TT 16' 8 , 7 r (for
sation' seems the likeliest. Uyg. vrrr ff. Bud. v.1. see qagut); qavut q a g u r m a m a k 'not to
(in a confession of sins; if I have spoken delate' (or use rough, harsh language) Suv.
lies or) qagut yogag k s l t ~ me r s e r 'practised 220, 2.
delation or false accusation' U I1 76, 6 ; qavut
cagurdlmlz y o ~ a d l m ~e rzs e r T T IV 8, 71 Dis. CYD
u.1. (see note thereon): Civ. tll talagur Fagut VU?F q ~ y d a mthe c- is vocalized with both
yogag tlgilegir 'there is a battle of tongues,
fatha and kasra; survives in NC Krr. qiydan
I and . delations and false accusations are (sic) 'a shepherd's woollen overcoat with a felt
whispered' T T I 74: KIP. xrv qagut (c-) al-
-cr?3ris 'spy'; it is a Turcisized (mutarrak) lining'; K z x . ceydem (sic) 'an open-necked
form of the Ar. word Id. 43: Osm. xlvff. shirt' R IV 66 (only); the word has a foreign
qagut(rare)/qagtt 'spy'; in several texts TTS look. Xak. xr q ~ y d a m'the name of a thin
I 148; 11 212 (the word still survives in felt (libd), which is used to make raincoats (01-
I -mamcifir) and to stuff mattresses (j?rh$d bihi'l-
Osm. and xx Anat. qaglt 'mischief-maker,
-furl) Kay. I11 176.
trickster' S D D 307; ~ a v $ u 'spy'
t do. 3 t 2).
Dis. CYN
Dls. V. C$D-
S qayan See p : d a n .
D qlget- Hap. leg.; Caus. f. of q1ge:-. Xak.
XI ura:gut kenqin qigettl: 'the woman made S qoyln See $o:d~n.
her child urinate and defecate' Kay. 11 307
(qLgetii:r, qigetme:k). Mon. CZ
I 'brocade'
~ U Z or the like. One of numerous
Dls. CSG words with this meaning, see barqm, but
VUF qilgek Hap. leg. ; the obvious translation unlike most of them not demonstrably a I.-W.
of bi'l-rugdiya is 'in the language of Sued', N.0.a.b. Xak. XI quz dibcic rini mudhab
but it is doubtful whether in XI this means h u m wa athami 'Chinese gold brocade, red
what we call 'Sogdian'. S u g d XI ~ t i g e k01-ri'y and black' Kay. I 325: K B (anything that is
'pasture land' Kay. I 389. worthless lies on the ground) a21 ~ u aglr z
bold1 tiirde y a t u r 'silk and gold brocades
?F qegkel survives as qagxal 'pot, pan' in have become precious and lie on the place of
G . Jarring, Uzbek Texts from Afghan Twke- honour' 902; 0.0. of a g q u z 1426,4773,5367;
stan, LundILeipzig, undated, p. 182, but prob. p z 01 bu i5riim t o n a g ~ l a tegl
r ' t h ~ swoven
an Iranian I.-w. G a n c a k XI qegkel al-xazaf garment is gold brocade, the equal of silk
(mis-spelt cazaf) w ' l - b u m a t u ' l - a ' (?read, brocades' 4768: x~rr(?)At. quz a t l a s bolur
with Atalny, wa'l-a'yc?r) 'an earthenware or ~ U Z'gold brocade and satin become costly'
stone cooking pot or pieces of such pottery' 480: K o m . xrv 'light taffeta' ~ U CCI;
Z Gr.:
Ka?. 4482. KIP. xlrr a[-atlas 'satin' quz; al-randalat (sic,
I
 MON. CZ
p r e c i ~ e nlcaning obsci~rc, pcrhaps 'taffeta') picture, etc.)' Qutb 46: Kom. xlv 'to write'
yupka: quz that is 'thin satin' Hou. 19, 6. qtz- (or ?I$?-; and y a z - ) C C I ; Gr.: KIP.
xrrr hafaha 'to write' $ 1 ~ -('with back vowel');
T k m . ya:z- Ilou. 33, 12; xo!!a mina'l-xu!/
'to draw a line' $12- (and ya:z-) do. 39, 20;
qlz- originally 'to scratch', hence 'to draw a
line' o r more generally 'to draw'; s.i.a.m.1.g. 0.0. 45, 16 ff.: x ~ vvlz- xn!ta i d . 43: Osm.
xv111 qiz- ('with -i- not - 8 - ' ) in R~irni,xa!t I
except NE; in NC and some NW languages Ra~idan'to draw a line' Sun. 21Rv. 9.
~ I Z - I S I Z -the
, latter commoner, SW Osm:
(1.3nly)qiz- (sic), with these and some extended S qoz- See qv]-.
meaninps. Uyg. V I I I IT. Hud. (he took a white
stone) y 6 r q l z ~ p'scratched lines on theground'
(and cast lots) Ifiien-ts. 36: Civ. n i g h qrzlp Dls. V. CZD-
b i t l a b 6 r d i m 'I have given (this) document I) q l z d u r - Caus. f. of qtz-; s.i.s.ln.1. w, the
drawing (my) personal siyn on it' USp. 3, 16: same phonetic changes. Uyg. V I I I ff. Civ.
(Fag. sv ff. SLZ- nnqy knrdntr 'to draw, paint' v u s l n q ~ z d u r u p'hnving their magic figure
Snn. 251 r. 24): X w a r . S I V $12- 'to draw (a (Chinese I.-w., f r ~ )drawn' TT V l I 26, 8.
 V. D A -
5 ff., 26: XIII(?)te- (perhaps to be transcribed his satisfaction, as tnuch as he wished' U I I zS,
de-) is common in Og., esp. in the phr. t e p 2; 30, 32; taprnFa ditto Strrr. 136, I ; 487, 8:
tedl: xrv td- Qutb 176; dd- J f N 7 7 , etc.; t6- Civ. ogdiin kddin ydr Bz taprgqa 'east and
47, etc.: Kom. xrv the normal word for 'to west the land is as you yourself wish' T T 1 6 ;
say' is ayt- (ayrt-), but depldey following a.o.0.; (if a man cuts his nails on a Swine
quotns. are common, other forms very rare Day) t a v a r taps bolur 'hc gcts satisfaction
CCG; Gr. 81 (quotns., q.v.): KIP. XIII qrila in his possessions' T'I' VII 32, 18; k i i ~ i i l i n ~ e
(ayt-, and one says) de:- Hou. 43, 3: Tkrn. taplnqa USp. 98, 23: Xak. xr t a p a Particle
xlv dddi: gala; and one says ne: dddi: 'what (harf) meaning 'suflicient, satisfactory'; hence
did he say ?'; lmperat. dd (spelt deh) Id. 48 (the one says bu: a$ maga: t a p 'this fuod is suffi-
last words to distinguish this V. fr. did- (tit-)): cient for me' (hnsbi); and one says t a p boldr:
KIP. xv qljla (ayt- and) de- 7'uh. 29b. 12; in kafri, 'it was sufticient' Kap. I 318: KU
8zb. it is said that the normal word for 'to say' ukuglug kigike 631 t a p ukug 'to a man of
is ayt-, but in some dialects (?Tkm.) de-/d6- : understanding, understanding is a sufficient
Osm. XIV ff. de- is c.i.a.p., but T T S lists only companion; 0.0. 318, 4762-7, 6078: XIII(?)At.
the Ger. deyii (often spelt ddyii) for written (put greed of riches out of your heart) kedim
inverted commas I zoo; 11291; I11 190; I V blrle t a p t u t k a r ~ nt o k l u k ~ n'be satisfied
217. with clothes to wear and a full belly' 186; 0.0.
277-8: Tpj. t a p 'sufficient, sufficiently' 285:
VU to:- 'to close, block', and the like; hitherto Xwar. ~ I I I ( a? t) a m c l m a d etiip e r s e m e n a g
transcribed tu:- which is the pronunciation t a p u m Briirmii 'if my father gives disagree-
suggested by tuyuk, q.v., but, as it is the basis able orders (Mong. I.-w.), is it any satisfaction
of tod-, tok, and tol-, to:- is more probable. to ~ l l e ? 'Og. 187-8: xrv a g a r t a p bolur Bgin
N.0.a.b. Tiirkii virr (there is only one road r z h a t l a r d t n 'he is satisfied with it without
over the KBgmen mountains and) tomrg other cotnforts' Nahc, 439, I I .
teyen egidip 'I have heard that it is blocked'
T 23 :Uyg. vrrr ff. Man. t a m u yolln totuguz tev 'trick, device'; practically syn. w. 1 a:l
'you have blocked the road to hell' T T I I l 14: and qevig, q.v., hut always used in a pejorative
Xak. xr 01 agzsn to:dr: knzamn frihtr 'he closed sense; in Uyg. only in the I-lend. tev (VU 2)
his mouth'; also used for blocking up a hole litir. Cf. tevlig. N.0.a.b. Uyg. vllr ff.
(id5 sndda kull foqb) Kay. I11 247 (to:r, Man.-A M III 9, 11-12 (ii) (2 a:r-): Man.
to:ma:k): KB (geese, ducks, swans, and sand- M I I S , (8-10 antag): Bud. tev [kiir] yavlak
grouse) k a l ~ k ~todl
g 'fill the air' 72; (the sky snklnq 'tricks (Hend.) and evil thoughts' U II
let its forelock fall and) y a r u k yiiz todl 'ob- 23, 12: Xak. XI t e v (spelt I P ~ )at-trtakr rua'l-
scured its bright face' 5824 'trick, ruse' Knp. I 332 (prov.).
Mon. DB to:b 'a hall'; ICnj.'s etymology i s of course
ta:b 'scar, mark on the body', and the like. erroneous, sce toblk. S.i.a.1n.l.g. except NE(?),
The question of the survival of this word is usually as top. See Doerf~r 11 948. Xak. xr
'n 1,all' (a/-knra) is called to:b, it is an abbrevia-
obscure. There is a Pe. word rzb meaning, tidn (qasr) of toblk KO$. III 119; 8.0. I 318
inter alia, 'furrow, wrinkle', which occurs as ($1~): xrv Muh. al-krrm to:? Mel. 63, 1'2
a I.-w. in some modern languages and might (only): Gag. xv ff. t o p ~ l i y - r mtrdnrvrvar a
be confused with it. Kap.'s second quotation
spherical ball', in Ar. kura; and they use it
looks more like an onomatopoeic for the sound
of a beating and the like, and an onomatopoeic metaph. for 'a cannon' (t6pi) which they fire
t a p with this sense occurs in Kom. xrv CCG in the direction of the enemy, in Ar. madfa'
143, 41; 146, 13 (not in Gr.) and some modem
San. 167" I: Kom. xlv 'ball' t o p CCG; Gr.:
languages. This word, however, seems to sur- Ktp. xrv l o b (sic?, between t a p and t a p - with
vive in SC XIK Ozb.(?) ta:p 'trace, footprint, -p- marked in both) a/-ktrm Id. 61: xv kura
mark, scar' Vam. 253 and NW Kaz. t a p 'blot, t o b Tzih. 3ra. I I.
stain, dirty mark' R I11 945. Xak. xr ta:b 'a S t o p See tolp.
scar' (01-nadub) on the skin from the mark of
a wound or blow; and one says 01 anr: ta:b VU t6p perhaps survi\es in NC XIX Kzx. tBp
ta:b urdl: 'he hit him quickly and from every 'gruel; porridge'(Russian kasltn). Xak. X I t a p
direction' (sari'a(tt) wtirz kt111 omb) Kag. III 145: 'boiled wheat' (xadinra) mixed with barley
Xwar. srv (of a cow) taninda a k t a b b a r dough (or yeast? .mmir), wrapped in felt, left
t a k ~k a r a t a b yok t u r u r 'there are white in a warn1 place to mature, and eaten later'
patches on its body, hut no black patches' Kar. 1318.
Nahc. 340, 17 ff.: KIP. XIV t a p ('with -p')
klima yugdl bi-ma'i~d'l-kaff t a p u r ay ukfid til:b (d-) originally 'the root of a tree or
ani'l-darb 'slap!' Id. 6 I . plant'; hence metnph. 'the foundation (of a
structure); the bottom (e.g. of the sea); the
t a p N./A. meaning 'satisfaction, sufficiency; ancestry or origin (e.g. of a man)'. S.i.a.m.l.g.,
satisfactory, sufficient', and the like. Survives usually as tup, hut NE Tuv. diip; S W Az.
only(?) in N E Kag. t a p 'suitable, congruous'; d i b ; Osm. dibldip; Tkm. diip. Cf. tS:z,
Alt., Tel. tap-pile, or tablgqa(k11) '(do) as you 1 kSk, ylltrz. See Iloerjer I1 995. Uyg.
wish' R 111946; Tuv. ditto. UyJy8. vrrr ff. Man. vrrr ff. Man. (nfter a list of four great sins)
T T I X ~(bedtittiir-):
I Bud. k a l t ~taplnqa 'to tiiblnde 01 o k m a Slmeki bat: 'in their roots
 DIS; DBA
is precisely thcir death' M II I I , 8-9; a.o. T T shipped, 'abada'l-'ahd) God'; and one says 01
11152-3 (11-): Bud. Sanskrit jdtibhavantadarii xa:nka: tapdt: 'he served (xadama) the king'
'seeing the end of birth and existence' t u g u m (etc.) Kag. I1 3 (tapa:r, tapma:k); y a l ~ u k
aJunnu:g tilpin (?for tlibin) k6rte:qi T T t a p a r karlnka: 'man serves (yaxdum) his
VIII A.47; altrn tilb avrg t a m u k a 'down to belly' 111 222, I : KB t a p u g p k a t a p s a
the lowest ooici hell' Suv. 133, 16; e g tiiblnde ucuzluk bolur 'if a man serves a servant he
'at the last, in the end' T T VII 40, 143; 0.0. gets no value for it' 3750: Gag. xv ff. t a b - (so
U 11 29, 17 (Ml:); Hiien-ts. 154 (ilzliinqli:): spelt) parastidan 'to worship'; der. fr. t a b u k
Civ. kulak tub1 tepreser 'if the root of the Son. 15ov 8: Xwar. xlv t a p - 'to worship'
ear twitches' T T VII 34, l o ; t ~ tiipi l (?for Qutb 167.
tUbi) 'the root of the tongue' T T VIII I.1;
0.0. f I I 162, 165, 191 (buda:) Xak. X I tu:b 2 t a p - 'to find'. S.i.a.m.l.g., the only word for
'the root' (off) of any tree; one says y l g a : ~ 'to find' except in SW Osm. where bul-, q.v.,
.' tB:bi: 'the root of a tree'; tU:b 'the founda- is commoner. Uyg. vllt ff. Man. k u t g a r g u
tion' (uss) of a wall; one sa(s ta:m tii:bl: 'the t m l ~ g l a r ~ gt a p d u k t a when you found
foundation of a wall: one also says tU:b for 'the mortals to save' T T 111 61; a.0. do. 168
ancestry of a man' (a,tlu'l-insan), hence one ( a m r ~ l - ) :Bud. U 1136, 43 (bul-): Civ. neme
says tU:bliig e r e n 'a well-born (ayil) man' t a p m a z 'he does not find anything' T T V I I
fCaf. III 119; (the pot says) tii:biirn a1tu:n 28, 40; t a v a r t a p a r 'he attains wealth' do. 29.
16; ( ~youf seek for wealth) buldug t a p h g 'you
my bottom (asfal) is gold' I 52, 10; kaya:
tUbi: (sic) 'the foot (asfal) of the rock' 1 7 3 , 9 ; attain it (Hend.)' T T I I I : Xak. XI 01 ne:gni:
(hit a Persian in the eye and) tikenig tiibre: tapdl: 'he found (wacada) the thing', which
a thorn bush at the roots' (al-a?!): 11280, 14 was lost Kay. II 3 (same para. as 1 tap-); a.0.
a.0. I11 123 (tB:z): KB (a man's mind is like I 425, t z (a:la:): xrrt(?) Tef. tap- 'to find,
a bottomless sea) bilig y i n ~ i sl a n l tiibinde attain' 285: xrv Muh. wocoda da:p- Mel. 20,
I ; Rif. 99 (tap-); lahiqa 'to reach' da:p- 20,
y a t u r 'wisdom lies like a pearl, on its bottom'
I (114 yet-): F a g . xv ff. t a p - ('with -p-')
21 I ;(the sun is stable) b u ttibit tBdiikUm tiibi
. b e r k bolur 'by "stable" I mean that its foun- yciftan 'to find' Son. 15ov. 8; a.o.0.: Kom.
X I V 'to find' tap- CCG; Gr. 235 (quotn.):
dation is firm' 833; s6z tUbl a g l ~'the foun-
dation (Hend.) of a statement' 999; (if you take Xwar. xrrr(?) t a p - 'to find' 0%. 3, a.o.0.: xtv
' ditto Qutb 167; Nahc. 343. 4; 'to obtain' M N
a wife, take one socially inferior to yourself)
bedilk tUbke y a k m a 'do not go near a noble 140, etc.: Krp. xtv t a p - ('with -p-') wacada
family' 4479; 0.0. 506 (u:l), 889, I 140 (1 u : ~ ) , Id. 61 ; Bul. 88v.; t a p - iltaqa 'to meet'; hence
1704,441 1, ete. : XI[(?)K B V P I r (tiz-): xlrr(?) beyni: tapgll 'meet the beg' id. 61 ; a.0. do.
Tef. ttlib 'the root (of a tree); the bottom (of a 36 (bul-): xv t a p - wacada aw illaqd aw ~adafa
well)' 316, 319: xlv Muh. 'the root (a$) of the ('to meet') Kav. lo, 10; wacaah tap- Tuh.
tongue' dl1 tii:bi: Mel. 47, 3 ; Rif. 141 (tki); 38b. 6.
yadrtr'l-bayt 'the front(?) of a house' Bw ti:bi: tav- See tavrg-.
179 (only): Fa&. xv ff. t a p dib, either 'the
root' (dib) of a tree or of anything else Vel. tep- (Id-) 'to kick (someone Acc.)', hence 'to
zot (quotns.); tiib zir wa bix wa bCn 'bottom. stamp, clap', etc. S.i.a.m.1.g.; in SW Az.
root, foundation' Son. 167r. 26 (quotns.): tep-; Osrn. tep-/dep-; Tkm. dep-. Uyg.
?war. xrrr dilb 'root (of a tree), foundation' VIII ff. Bud. (my own evil deeds) bagda
Aii 57: xrv tilb 'bottom' (of water) Qutb 189: tepdi 'have kicked me on the head' U I V 38,
Kom. xrv 'root, foundation; b e n e a t h ' t ~ bCCI, 151; a.0. III 1 4 , ~ Xak.
: xr 01 kulln tepdf: 'he
CCG; Gr. 260 (quotns.): Krp. xrrr aslu'l- kicked (rokala . . . bi-riclihi) his slave' Kay. 113
-pcara t l b Hou. 7, I I : X I V d i b al-qa'r 'the (tepe:r, tepme:k); 0.0. I 386 (teplg); 526
bottom' Id. 47: xv qa'ru'l-pay' wa asfaluhu (Brtgu:n), etc.: KB q ~ k a sr u kayuda aQak
tiib (in margin, in second hand, dib) Tuh. tepseler 'water comes out wherever they
29b. 4 ; a.0. 73b. 9: O s m . xrv to xvr d l b 'root' tread' 974: xrv Muh. rafasa 'to kick' dep-
in several texts, but d i b in d l b dede 'ancestor' Mal. 26, 11; Rif. 109 (tep-): Gag. xv ff. tBp-
looks more like a jingle T T S I 209; 11 302; ('with -p-') Iakad zaahn wa pd zadan 'to kick'
111 196; I v 227. San. 188v. I (quotn.): Xwar. xtv tep- ditto
Qutb 176: KIP. xrlt rafasa tep- Hou. 34, 13:
xrv ditto Id. 37; dep- ('with -p-') rafasa do.
Mon. V. DB- 47: xv tep- rafasa Kav. 9, 3; Tuh. 17b. 3.
1 t a p - 'to serve', in the sense both of serving tev- 'to impale' (on a spit) and the like.
a human master, and serving God, i.e. wor- N.0.a.b. Xak. xr 01 etig 81:pka: tevdi: 'he
shipping. Survives only(?) in SW Osm. t a p - impaled (naznma) the meat on the spit' (etc.)
to worship'. TUrkii vrtr ff. Man. T T II 10.79 Kay. II 15 ( t e v e : ~ ,tevme:k); tevdi: etni: 'he
(agrrla:-): Uyg. rx (my sons, grow up like impaled ( p k k a ) the meat on a spit' I 4 o r , 7;
my teacher and) xanka: t a p 'serve the Xan' a.0. do. 9: Ktp. xrv dew- Jcamaya 'to scratch',
Suci 9: vrrt ff. Civ. Undedeqi ti1 agtz tapgay one says yiizin dewdi: 'he scratched his face'
'the vociferous tongue and mouth will serve' Id. 51.
(sic?) T T I 108: 0. Krr. IX ff. x a n l m Blimke:
t a p d r m 'I served my Xan and my realm' Dis. DBA
Mol. 13, 2; 0.0. do. 3, etc.; 46, 2: Xak. XI k u l D tapa: Ger. fr. 2 t a p - ; normally a Post2
terjri:ke: tapda: 'the servant served (or wor- position meaning 'towards', but there are
 Dis. V. DBC- serve me' Su. W 4-5: vlrl R. Bud. bu taplgl
y a r a y u r 'this service of his is advantageour'
tevqI:- Hap. leg., but see tevqit-. Xak. X I 01 TT V 28, 126; b u yaglgllg t a p l g ~ r n ~ z n l
to:nug tev$l:dl: 'he tacked (gontraca) the
tegiiriip (so read for tezinip) 'offering this
garment', that is sewed it loosely (xiyd!a 2n.v our service, accompanied by libation$' SIN.
nttc'akkarla) Kay. 111 276 (tevqi:r, tevc1:-
rne:k). 29, 8-9; tapagltaplg u d u g PP 50, 4-5
etc. (udug): Civ. kl uluglar taprgl yugerli
L) tevqit- Hap. leg.; Caus. f. of tevql:-. Xak. kelti iigkiigde 'the respectful service of
XI 01 to:nln tevqitti: 'he ordered that his realms and countries has come into your
garment should bc sewn loosely (read tnujah- presence' T T I I ; b u r x a n l a r k a tap@ kt1
hafn(n) for mn~a/)bahu(n))and tacked' (mujam- 'worship the 13uddhaq' do. 131: Xak. X I t a p u g
raca(n)) Kal. I1 329 (tev$itu:r, tev$itme:k). al-.ridmu 'service': t a p u g a[-!;'a 'ohedience
(to God)'; hence one says tegri: tapugl:
S tapqur- See tapqur-. 'obedience to God' Kay. I 373; I11 252
#' (ate:-); a.o.0. : Kl3 kayusl y t d ~birle t a p n u r
T r i s . DBC t a p u g 'some (flowers) show their respect with
their ~ e r f u m e '97; 0.0. 101, 840 (tapi:), 841,
U tiipi:qil Hap. leg.; mentioned only in a 4232, etc., all of service to a human master:
definition of the suffix - ~ i I / - ~ iasl fornming xrr(?) ICRVP t a p u a k!lguka 'to one who
Adjs. (sifa) connoting the possession of some- serves him' 48: xrrr(?) Tef.tapui: 'senrice'
thing in excessive quantities. Ilitherto mis- (to a human master) 286: xrv Muh. xadama
transcribed tiippil, but a Den. N. in -$it fr. tapu:g k ~ l Mel. - 16, 14; Rif. 94(all1abd 'slave'
tiipi:, correctly spelt in the MS. Xak. xr for f a p u k s z , 5 ; 148(*mis-spelt)):Gag.xvff. t a p u k
example, the expression for al-mirwhh that xidtna we tnprr service' Vel. 160 (quotn.):
is 'a place where there arc excessive gales' t a p u g l t a p u k sicda rua parastij 'worship' (to
(hubtibu'l-rill) tupi:$!il y8:r; tupi: means God); and metaph. (I) 'a kind of obeisance'
'wind' and - ~ i isl added to it to connote a large (ta'?int) which is prescribed in Turkistan and
quantity (01-kntr) KUJ.11156. the dominions of the h,longol xdns (described
D tapqalrg Hap. leg.?; I'.N./A fr. *tapqa:, at length); ( 2 ) sidma run bandagi 'service' Snn.
which seems to he the E:luatjvc f. of ta:b 1 s t ~4(quotns.):
. Xwar. xrr~(?)t a p u g in Og.
meaning something l ~ k e hru~se, disfigure- seems to mean something like 'nearness', e.g.
ment; bruised, damaged'. Cf. tapqastz. tapuguglarka m e n y u r u r bola m e n 'I shall
Uyg. vrrr ff Dud. SIW. 135, 13-14 (arta:k). be walking near (or in front of) you' 145; 0.0.
149, 159, 224: x ~ vt a p u g 'service' Qutb 168;
D t a p q a y z Hap. leg.?; Priv. N./A. fr. MN 148, etc.: K o m . XIV 'honour, respect'
*tap$a:; unbruised, undamaged'; cf. tapqa- t a b u x CCG; Gr.: KIP. xlrr xadama ta:pu:
112. 1Jya. vrrr ff. Ijud. (that blessed individual) (A)et- liou. 37, 8: xrv fapu: ('with -p-') al-
lnqa k a l t ~c a m b u n a d altun inqlp ertigii -ridma, one says t a p u kil- ca'ala'l-widm fd.
ktrsix tapqaslz ertigu a r l g siizuk ertlgii 61; xadnnm ta:pr: (-b-) et- Bttl. 44r.: xv
a m r a n q l g ertigu sevlglig e r u r 'is very xidma t a p u (-b-) T~rh.14a. 8; xadama t a p u
clean and undamaged likejantbtinnda gold, very (-6-1 eyle- do. rga. 5.
pure (Hend.), very lovable, and very lovely'
U I1 37,60-3. D t o b ~ kDim. f. fr. to:b; properly 'a ball',
hut more often used rnetaph. for 'a rounded
Dis. V. DBD- protuberant bone', usually 'ankle-bone', or
1) tepit- I lap. leg.; Caus. f. of t e p - ; the more 'knee-cap'. S.i.a.m.1.g. with minor phonetic
normal Cam. f. teptilr- docs not seem to be changes, in NE, NC 'knee-cap', usually
noted earlier than Gag. xv ff. tkpdur- Sun. 'ankle-bone' elsewhere. Uye. vrrr ff. Civ. in
188v. 16 and s.i.s.m.1. in SE and SW. Uy&. a list of parts of the body in which the soul
vtrr ff. Hud. b a r g a y m e n a n d a q r i n a l a n d r m lodges(?) the first item is missing, then come
s e n g r a r n l g tepitlp k u m kiqmtk kll%ay- tag tobikta, the calf, the loins, the mouth,
m e n 'I will go there and make (my elephants) the handr (or arms?), ic t o b ~ k t a the
, palm of
trample down the monastery (Saliskrit I.-w.) of the hand, (missing), the tip of the (missing);
Srinlland26ma and will turn it into sand and lit. the two phr. mean 'the outer, and inner,
dust' fIuen-ls. 321-3. protuberant bones', but 'ankle-bone' and
'wrist-hone' seem to be implied TT VII 20,
3-1 I ; in a similar list regarding the position of
nis. DBC: moles the order is 'the loins, the sexual organs,
L) tap@ N.Ac. fr. 1 tap-; 'service' and the below the navel, above the navel, the lips,
like. 'I'he word fairly soon became t a p u g by t o b ~ kuze, the thumb'; in this case 'on the
labial attraction, and the Uyg.-A form t a p a g wrist-bone' seems likeliest do. 37, 10: Xak.
is not uncommon in Uyg. Bud. Survived until XI t o b ~ k
'the ball (01-ktrm) which is struck with
x ~ xin SW Osm. as t a p u , but then became a polo-stick'; t o b ~ ksiigii:k a(-kurdtzs mina'l-
confused with t a p u 'land certificate'. a corrup- -ta'dm 'a(cooked) bone with meat on it' Kag. I
tion of Greek topos, and is now obsolete. See $30; I 190 (ilig-) and 1 1 0.0. meaning 'hall':
Doerfer I1 849. Uyg. vrrr [long gap] anqip KB q ~ k a r d it o b ~ k'he brought out a ball'
kelti: ekl: k m : n t a p t g bkr [long gap] 'thus 922; a.0. 6+7: xrv Af~th.(?) 'ayntr't-rukba
he came and gave(?) me his two daughters to knee-cap' 1o:bu:g Rif. 142 (only): g a g .
 DIS.
xv ff. topuk ('with -p-') .@lira&-ipd 'ankle- that phrase is used, and both of thrni are
hone', in Pe. pnjrii, in Ar. kn'b Satr. 167v. 22: acceptable (!roson): T a v g a c (VIJ) y o d a : ~ ~'a:
tofuk (sic) ( I ) gird wa rnrrdarcwnr 'circular, tree the leaves of which are like the leaves of
spherical'; and metaph. ( I ) qubba-i xa-vma 'the a lily (01-stisfin), used for medical purpuses'
ball on the top of a tent' (quotn. O21iz ndma); (yuladdrcd bil~i;the phr. might mean literally
(2) rnppn rea krth-i kripik 'a hill or small moun- 'a Chinaman's thigh') Knf. I 453: K B 68
tain'; (3) ~riznlt-ipfi also called topuk do. ( a r k ~ g ) :xtrl(?) KBPP (the author'of the K B
18or. 3: Xwar. XIII(?)the word read tafuk in completed his book in the province of KBgljar
Of. (362), 365 is an error for topuk, see and presented it to the kinn ol' the East)
quotn. in Srirt.: Kip. s t 1 1 nl-ko'h tohuk (mis- Tavgay B u g r a Xan 25-6 (the sntnc title,
vocalized tnhrik) Horr. 21. 7: XIV l o b n k a/-kn'b with some additions, occurs in the heading of
Id. 61 : xv al-kn'hdn, which the vulgar call 'the Chap. IV (63 ff.) of the Fergana MS.;7'avgaq
foot's nipples' (hnzzrr'l-rid) tobul; Kao. 61, was a frequent component in Karnkhanid
7 ; kn'h tobuk Tirk. 30h. 6 (margin). ro!.al titles).
tavgaq the name of a Turkish tribe transcribed
in Chinese t'o po (Grles I 1,336 9,335; Pulley- D taplgqi: N.Ap. fr. t a p r e ; 'srrvant'.
hlank, Middle Chinese t'ak bat); the em- N.o.a.b. Uyg. V I I I ff. (she s a ~ d ) tegrekl
pcrors of the Yuan N'ci Dynasty which ruled t a p ~ g q i l a r k a 'to the servants in her en-
China fr. A.D. 386 to 535 belonged to this r r TT X
tourage' U II 22, 2; t a p a g ~ ~ l a (sir)
tribe, and the 'I'iirkii, who presumably first 249; 0.o. U I11 83, 9 ( u d u g ~ u : ) :Civ. tevlig
came into contact with China during this kiirlIig t a p i g q ~'a deceitful (Hend.) servant'
period, called China Tavgag. Apart fr. the TT 1 1 8 2 ; 0.0. US"$)91, 8 and rc: Xak. xt I
references in Chinese texts, the name is first slzlg tapugci: ~Zditnrik'your servant' Knf. I
mentioned in literature by a Byzantine chroni- 376, 12; n.rn.e. : K B tapugcc 'scrvant' is com-
cler, 'I'heophanes Simocatta, who wrote in the mon 99, 590, 842, 1554 (18?1~), 3750, etc.;
second quarter of V I I and mentions Taugast snmetlnles replaced nretrt jirntra I,? the cognate
(pronounced Tavgast) as 'a famous city in- form tapaugt, e.p. 4014: xlrr(?) T P ~ ,
tapu&/
hahitcd bv the prople called 'Tourkoi' (see C;y. tapukqr 'servant' 286: Gag. xv If: tapujSq~/
hloravcsik, q\.znrrto/rrrcica, Hudapest, 1943, tapukqi ridmntkdr 'servant' Vcl. 160; tapuk-
I t 255). 'I'his form proves that the word was GI ('with -p-') porasfij hritrnnda eoa xidnmtkdr
at this period pronounced Tavgag and should 'worshipper, servnnt' San. 151v. lo: Xwar.
be thus transcribed in the Tiirku texts. It xlv tapugqt 'servant' Qtrfb 168: KIP. xrv
would. ho\vevcr, he rash to analy~eit ctymo- tapus*: ('with -p-') 01-.rtidirrt !A. 61.
logically as a Dev. N. in - g a s fr. *tav-, since
this Suff. norn~allvforms N.1.s. Tiirkii vrtr 1) taptglig P.N./A. fr. taprg; n.o.n.17. Uyfi.
Tavgaq is common in I , 31, T for 'China' and VIII Man.-A A4 127, 2 (1 a:tl@): Ihld. azkiya
'Chinese' (cmpernr, pcoplc, etc.): vrlr ff. tapl&llE tavnr i d t t r n ~ z'wc Iiave sent some
hlan. tavgav yhriiite 'in China' TT 11 6, triflinq articles as a token of respcct' IIiirn-ts.
13: Uyg. V I I I t a v & a ~xant: 'the emperor of 2025-6: Xak. XI tapuglrlg e r irrsrirt dri xidmn
China' $tr/. II' 3 ; (I had Bay Bal~kbuilt on the qaditnn 'a man of long service' KUJ.1495. I
Sclcqe: river) s o g d a k tavgaqka: 'for the
Sopdians and Chinese' do. IV. 5 ; a.o.o.: v~llff. D t a p ~ g s a : k Dcv. N./A. fr. a Desid. Dcn.
Bud. tavgaq 6linte 'in the Chinese empire' V. Cr. t a p @ ; 'dutiful' and the like. N.o.a.1,.
U 1 13, 4; 0.0. d o 14, 2 (til); T7' VII 14, 2 Uyg. vrlt ff. Bud. (sons and daughters will
etc.: 0. Klr. (when I was 20 years old) tavgaq be) t a p l g s a k 'dutiful' (or 'obedient' to their
xanga: b a r d l m 'I went to the emperor of parents) T T VI 107; 0.0. do. 278, 348: Xak.
China' Mnl. r I , 9: Xak. XI t a v g a ~the name X I tap1gsa:k e r 'a man who loves servinp'
of RIB Sin, which is three months' journey (mtrhibb li'l-.uidma; follou,ed by a muddled and
farther than Sin. Sin was originally (fi'l-ago incorrect etymolofiical explanation) Kof. II
three (parts): Upper (al-'rr1j.Z) in the east 168; toyin tapugsa:k tegrl: sevingsiz 'the
Tavgaq, hliddle (al-rCns!i) Xita:y, and Lower unbelieving pagan wishes to scrw (muta'nbbid)
(01-sr~flo')Barxa:n. that is in Kippar; but at ~ o d but, c o d is not pleased' III 377;"2:
the present titne (at-&) Tavgag i s known as XIII(?) Trf. taprlgsak ' d c ~ ~ u 286: t' Gag.
hli Sin and X1ta:y as Sin: ' T a v g a ~ay Uy.@trr xv ff. tnpugsak syn. \\-. tepugyt Snrr.
rmkwa Tnt, wa Sini rcahmn 'l'avgaq ''Savkaq' ISIV. to.
nieans LIy2ur, which is the same as Tnt ( q . ~ . ) ;
I) t a p u g s u z Priv. N.jA. fr. tapu/: (taptg);
and 'Chinese' is Tavkaq: and any manufac-
tured goods (al-nra:rr~r~'d~) when they are old pec. t~ KB? Knk. X I KU (rny myter)
a g i r l a d ~ mPnteg tnpugsuz kulug has
and irnpottant are called T a v g a ~edk, as one
says in Ar. ~ a y 'ddi;
' and the kings are called honoured an undutiful servant like me' 389;
after it T a v g a c xa:n, that is 'an important a.0. 646 (arm-).
old-established king': and one says as a linked Dis. UBG
phrase (bi'i-izdirvcic) T a t T a v g a g meaning
'Persians and Turks'; but in my view what D tepig (d-) and tepUk (d-) there is a clear
I have said above is more correct (01-afahh) et)-nlological distinction between tepig N.Ac.
and is well known in the Moslem countries; and tepiik Pass. Dev. N.JA.fr. tep-, but there
and there (?outside the Moslem countries) is some confusion between the two. (The first
 D I S . V. D B L - 439

KIP. word I~elowis a Sec. f. of *tepge:k Dcv. cursed (subba) one says toplu:ka: to1 'may
N./A. in -ge:k (connoting hahitual action).) the grave be filled (Ii-yamtola) with him' Ka,.
N.0.a.h; See Dorrfer I1 869, 871. Xak. xr 1430.
' tepiik a thing cant from lead (yli@g minn'l-
-usruf) in the shape of the spindle whorl of a D tapla:g N.Ac. fr. tapla:- ; 'satisfaction' and
distaff which is wrapped in goat's hair or the the like. N.0.a.b. Uyg. vtrl ff. Bud. b u n o m
like and used as a tby by boys who kick it ertininiu uBrayu tiiz t a p l a g l n sazlediikda
about': and one says o! kulln t e p l g tepdi: 'when speakingof the particularly impartial(?)
'he gave his slave several kicks' (rakla) Ka?. I satisfaction (given by) this precious doctrine'
386; a.0. 1 27, 13: Gag. xv ff. tepiik ('with T T V 26, 86; 0.0. Hiien-ts. 2061, 2088: Xak.
-p-') lakad 'a kick' San. 189v. 8 : KIP. xrv X I tap1a:g al-ridG bi'l-gay 'satisfaction, grati-
depek ('with -p-') o l - r f f ~ s' a kicker7; one fication about something'; one says bu: 1:gda:
says b u a t d e p e k d q r 'this horse is a kicker' senig tap1a:glg ba:r mu: 'are you satisfied,
f,j. 47: tepiik (-b-) a toy ([c'hn) with which or gratified, about this affair?' Ka$. 1462,
children play' do. 37. i D t a b l u k Hap. leg.; spelt fablu:k, but this is
VU tilvek IIap. leg.; 'a blow-pipe'; cf. perhaps an error; the Section is headed'fn'Ca1,
tilveklik Xak. xr tilvek the translation is in fa'lrll with various vowels'; A.N. (Conc. N.) fr.
disorder nnd corrupt; ?read liizd facori'l-xil&f ta:b. Xak. X I t a b l u k al-fuqfiq fi'i-ard 'cracks
zaa lilrii'l-qadibi'l-ralb yrmza' (ma yuiaxxa~) in the ground' Kay. 1467.
mitla'l-yab~ir, xrcrmd bihi'l-'u4f6r bi'l-bnncidiq
wa kadalika yutaxsad min(hu) al-qandt 'the D tevlig P.N./A. fr. t e v ; 'deceitful, tricky1.
bark of a willow-tree or a freshly cut branch Except in Xak. always in the Hend. tevlig
stripped off (and made) into the shape of a kurliig; n.0.a.b. T i i r k u vrrr t a v g a ~bodun
trumpet; small birds are shot with it with tevligin kiirlugln uqii:n 'because the Chi-
pellets; in ~dditiontuhes are made from it' nese people were deceitful and tricky' I E 6,
Kai. I 388 (al-qandt has several meanings; ZI E 6 : Uyg. vlrr ff. tevlig kiirlDg sav-
if min and not minhu is correct the last words l a r t g 'deceitful and tricky words' U IIZ 8j,
~ r o u l dmcan 'in addition it (i.e. a blow-~ipe) 16; a.0. TT I V , p. 18, note A72, 3: Civ.
is ~ n a d cfrom a reed'). tevlig kurliig b u y r u k 'a deceitful, tricky
official' T T I 63-4; a.0. do. 182 (taplgql:):
Dis. V. DBG- Xak. xr tevliig nl-mttbfd wa'l-xaddci' 'artful,
deceitfill' Kng. 1 4 7 7 ; a.0. I1133, 26: KB o g r l
D tiibger- (d-) Trans. Den. V. fr. tu:b; tevllg an artful thief' 313; 1737 (kunuk).
n.0.a.b. UyR vrlr ff. Dud. kertiike t e g s e r
yarligiig tilbgerser s a v tilbi e r t m e z 'if you D t u b l u g (d-) P.N./A. fr. t k b ; 'having a root'
attain the truth and hase the explanation on it, and the like. S.i.s.m.1. w. the same phonetic
the basis of your words does not pass away' changes. Uyg. vrrr ff. Bud. kogiil tiiblUg
fiiien-fr. 2116: Xak. xr 01 I : $ I ~ tiibgerdi: kiigul tozliig 'rooted in the mind (Hend.)'
iafn!c!~ora 'an osli'l-amr u,a'ftaba'a atnrohi~'he TT V zo, 9; a.0. do. 24, 68; toz tIiblUg
investigated the origin of the affair and fol- kaprglg 'the door of fundamental things' do.
lowed up its traces' Kay. II 179 (tiibgerur, 26, 82; a.0. U I11 33, 15 (Btig): Xak. xr
tiibgerme:k). Kai. 11140, 16 (ylldlzl~g):K B (a man who
has (influential) supporters becomes powerful)
T r i s . DBG b u kilcliig ki$i k u t k a tiibliig bolur 'this
VUD tuveklik Hap. le ; A.N. (Cone. N.) fr. man when powerful becomes fundamentally
tuvek. x a k . tiiveklf& l a twig (gugn) suit- fortunate' 1699; (even if fortune sometimes
able for the manufacture of a pellet-shooter Stays with the ignorant man) biliglil? bile
with one,s breath (marma,l-bnnzdiq bi'l-nafs) t u r g a tiibliig e r i p 'it will stay firmly based
with which small birds are shot' (yr&ab) with the wise 1710.
Kaf. 1508.
Dis. V. DBL-
Dis. DBL D tapll- Pass. f. of 2 tap-; 'to he found'.
F taw11 I.-w. fr. Ar. tab/, 'a drum', no doubt S.i.a.rn.l.g., often as t a b ~ l - . Xak. XI t a p ~ l d ~ :
acquired through some (?Iranian) inter- ne:g 'the thing (which mas lost) was found'
mediary; survives in SW Az. tebil; Osm. (wucida) Kay. ZI 119 (taplu:r, tapulrnatk
davul. Xak. XI taw11 (or tawul, the tudw ~ i c )F: a g . xv ff. tapil- ('with -p-') ydfto prdan
carries both kasra and dammn) 'the drum' (a[- to be found' San. rgIr. 9 (quotn.): X w a r .
-tabl) which is beaten for the falcon when xrv taprl-ltapul- ditto Qutb 168; Nahc.
hunting; I reckon that it is taken from the 408, 7.
Ar. word, the f- being changed to t- because
the two sounds are near one another (examp- D t e ~ i l (?d-)
- Pass. f. of teP-; 'to be kicked.
les of similar sound changes in Ar. are given) trampled', and the like. S.i.m.m.l.g., often as
Kay. 1 11165. tebil-; SW Tkm. depil-. Xak. xr tepildi:
y6:r 'the ground (etc.) was kicked' ( d i l o )
PU toplu: y a p . leg.; this word has no obvious Kay. II I 19 ( t e p l k r , tepii1me:k sic): Gag.
etymology to suggest its pronunciation. Xak. xv ff. tCpil- laknd zada p d a n 'to be kicked'
XI toplu: al-qobr, 'the grave'; when a man is San. rgIr. 9 (quotn.).
 DIS. 1
VU t u p u l - usilallv 'to picrcc (sotncthing Acc.)' k n p u g 'if h i c hrz is pleased, his scrvicc has
in spite of its apparcritly I'ass. form. N.0.a.h.; opened a cloor' 84.3 ; 0.0. 848, 141I . 101o.3 ~ 9 4 ,
for pr,)nunciation sec tupu1ga:k. Uyg. vrrr ff. ctc.: xrlr(?) 7bf. ditto 286: X w a r . slv d ~ t t o
llud. (in a long nietrical passage ahout medical Q I I ! ~167; IVIN 231.
treatment; 'the physician must know the eight
kinds of virtues (of remedies?), by being a D tev1e:- Hap. ICE.?; Den V. fr. t e v . 'Tiirkii
rnastrr of all the drups with knowledge held vrlr ff. hlan. n e q e tevlecHmlz kurleclimlz
together(?). If he does not see the appropriate e r s e r 'if nrr hare hccn sotiie\\hat clcceitful
tinie fnr using theln') yarulc y a ~ u kt u u p u l u and tricky' Ch~tos.I I I .
(sic) iitru u y a r e m l e g e l i i g i n k e m l e r i n
t l n l ~ g l ; ~ 'penetrating
r~g the liFht ( ? ? ) ,then he I) topla:- I)etl. V. fr. to:b; sur\ives in SC
cnn treat nlen's illnesses and diseases' SIIPI.Uzh. t 0 p l a - ; NW, SCV all lanpuawes t o p l a -
~ 9 3 13-15:
. X a k . xr 01 ii:t t u p u l d t : noqnhn'l- 'to collcct, pathcr tonether ('l'mns.)'. Cf. y l s - .
-nogh 'he pierced n Iiolc' (later revocalized
T i i r k t i vrll topla:- 'to cruti~ple(s<rn~cthinc
s n l t ) intr, ;I hnll' 9' 13 (uquz): V I I I ff. Irk11 50
iiiiqrbn'l-rmqh, presurnahly bccause it looked (oqurgu:).
I'ass.); ( O g u z fr)llotvs) A-OF. II r 19 (tuplu:r,
t u p u l m a : k ) ; ko:k tupulga:n of-rrrnlrini 'a U tuble:- ((I-) Ilen. V. fr. t u : h ; survives in
mounta~ns\rallo\v'; it is tlie name of a bird; N E Uar. t u p l e - 'to lay a foundation; to rcach
it is said that ~t has steel (01-frilrid) in its wings the bottom (of something); to invcstigatc
and strikes thc sumrnit of a mountain and thoroughly' R I11 1596. Cf. t i i b g e r - . X a k .
penetrates (ynil/trd) through to the other side; sr 01 I : $ I ~tiib1e:dl: foho$o 'on o,sli'l-nntr wcr
this was told m e by a man from whom I bohatohr~ 'he investigated the origin of the
received many favours; and one says b u e r 01 affair and scarchetl it out' Knr. 111 293
q e r i g t u p u l g a : n 'this man is always piercing (tuble:r, tub1e:me:k): KIP. X I V t l b l e - o ~ p ~ l a
(hnitdk) the (encniy's) ranks'; its origin is 'to trace the origin (of something)' fd. 37.
the phr. t e r n u r tuprllcll: 'the iron pierced
(loqohn) because of its strcngth and hardness' 1) t a p l a t - Ilap. leg. ?; CRIIS. f. of tapla:-.
I 5 1 9 : K H k a y u t a g k a z a r k o r s e t u p l u r X a k . X I m e n ant: bu: t:qka: t a p l n t t ~ m'I
k n y a g 'si,rnc nirn, you see, dig into ~nountairis sntirfird him (nr~10~~trrhtr) over this afT:1ir' &I$.
nntl picrce rocks' 1734; t i t i r n l i g k e r e k h a m I 1 341 ( t a p l a t u : r m e n , taplatn1;i:k).
t u p u i s a p r i g 'he must I)c destructive(?) and
pierce thc (enemy's) ranks' 2.~28:O g u z X I e r I) t u h l e t - (d-) Ila? leg.; C;~us.f. Of tuhle:-.
to:nln tnpuldl: 'thc ~ n n ntook ofT (11ozn'rr) his X a k . X I 01 bu: l:$lg tclifn t u b l e t t i : 'lie h;~rl
clotlics' I 1 r I 9. this ;iff;iir t l i o r ~ ~ u g l investir:atctl'
~ly (qf!rngri . . .
hn!irn(ri)) K n ~ . 111 342 (tubletii:r, tiiblet-
1) tapla:- Ucn. 1'. fr. t a p ; 'to hc plenscd, sntis- me:k).
tied (with sonicthinc Arr.)', and the like. \YID tup1u11- IIap lev.; I<r.fl. f. of ttrpul-.
N.n.a.l,.; the modern verbs of this fornl seem X a k . xr t a : m tupl~lncll: 'thc \\rill (rtc.) was
to I>c Ilen. V.s fr. t a p as an onomatopoeic for pierced' (hlS. yn!qoh, errnr for !r~qrbn?)KO?.
n t a p p ~ n gor dripping sound. T u r k u vl1r uze: , I1 ~ . + & . ( t u ~ ~ l r r ~ ~t uup: rl ,u t ~ m n : k ) . ,
t e g r i : l d u k y e r s u v [ ? e q i m s a l e a n kutc:
t n p l a m a d ~ :e r l n q 'lieavcn ahorc, the sacred D t u b l e n - (d-) Ilnp. Icg.?; Refl. f. rrf tuhle:-.
I;lntf and water, and the divine far,our [ e n j o y e d X a k . X I y l g a : ~t u b l e n d i : 'the trce took root'
hy nly uncle tlie .ro2nrr] were app:~rently not (or w a s firmly rooted, tn'a:~aln. MS. in clrar
pleased' 1 1 E 3 5 : V I I I ff, tapla:du:k~rni:n to'ncmln); ;md onc says c r tiiblentli: 'thc
t u t a r m e n 'I take n h a t I plcase' Irk13 3: Man. 111a11 hccanie wcnlthy' (toirrntu:uolo); also uscd
(the holy iirniok \\-ill hcar this a n d ) , n e p of anything that takes root (RJIS. in error
t a p l a m a g a y 'xvill not he nt all p1c;lsed Tf tm'nrmln) I<~,T.I J 242 (tuhlenii:r, t u b l e n -
I1 6. 26; k u n a y t e g r i t a p l n m a z iqig neqe me:k).
i s l e d i m i z e r s e r 'if \ye have dnnc things
\\-hich are di-pleasing to the sun and moon D t a p l a g - I-lap. I c ~ . ; Co-op. f. ~f tapla:-.
cads' (,'ltrros. I 14-1 6: U y g . \ i l ~ rff. I ~ L (I I ~\rill
. X a k . sr ola:r hu: I : S I ~ k n m u g tapla$dl:
see thr suitors;) m e n k e n t u o z u m 6 k b e g l i g 'thcy were all plcnscd (rrldri) ovrr this affair'
t a p l a g a y m e n 'I myself \rill h r sntistird with KO$. I1 206 ( t a p l a ~ u : r , tai?l:igma:k cor-
n \\.ell-horn one' [ I 1I 21. 8: t f g i n a l k u n l rected fr. -iirc:k in thc RIS.).
taplamadl teg taluy oguzke kirmipig
t a p l a d l 'the prince, while hc disliked all (the L) tiiblev- ((1-) Co-op. f. of tiil>le:-. X a k . sr
other sucgcstions) liked (the idea of)emharking ola:r bu: r:$tg tublegdi: 'thcy itivcstjgatetl
on the ocean' PP I;, 2-4; (1.0. 1'1' V 10, I r z thc origin (tnfnfi!raSti 'a~ti'l-of[) of this atfair
(a21rla:-); U I11 i5,5 ; 36, z rtc.: Civ. sEni t o e t h e r ' K-oj. II 206 ( t i i b l e ~ u : r t, i i b 1 e ~ m e : k
k a m a g u n t a p l a d l 'the? \rere all pleased \vith ctrrrcctcd fr. -nto:k in the MS.).
you' TT I 9 o ; 0.0. do. 128 (altlnkl:): X a k . X I
01 to:nug t a p l a : d ~ : 'he received (gohilo) the T r i s . DRL
carrnent (etc.) and was pleased with it'(ro4iyo- ?L) t a v ~ l k u : 'Spiraea', perhaps specifically
1111) KO$. II1 293 ( t a p l a x , tap1a:ma:k): KB Spiraea nlfniro ; according .to J'II~. . a shrub
k a m l l g s n z n i y l g s a u k u $ t a p l a m a z 'if a rnan w t h particularly strong branches uscd to make
heaps u p a lot of words, the ~tnderstandingis hoxvs and the likc; 1,otanicallv distinct fr. 'the
not plensed' 185; b e g i t a p l a s a t a p @ a r t s jujuhe trce (or shrub), Zizyphris', but not
 D I S . t'. D R N -
unlike t. For the form cf. a v ~ l k u : ;-ku: is fortunes of others' in NC Klr., Ktu , and NU'
not a recognized l'urkish suflix, hut this word Kaz. ( R III + I ) , a word which it is not easy
and t a v r l g u : ~must have a common origin, to identifv semantically with tapa: ahorre.
possibly foreign. Survives in several Nl.: Survives as tabala- in the same languages.
dialects as tah~lka/tabrlkat/tab~lg~ R III Xak. X I 01 ant: tapa:la:dl: 'ayyarahn U-Q
972; Khak. tabrlgr; NC IZu. t a b l l g ~ ;Kzx. nrmota hihi 'he insulted him and took pleasure
t a h ~ l g r / t o b u l g u : SC. Uzb. t a b u l g a ; NLZ1 in his misfortunes' KO?. 111 322 (tapa:la:r,
lium, toburgu. A I.-w. in Russian as rncol~n tapa:la:ma:k): xlv Muh. 01-jon~dta (taba:
(and tnrrolozhnik). Tiirkti vrll R. b i r t a v ~ l k u : Me[. 84, 5; Rif. 190); taba:lamak 124 (only).
yiiz bolts: 'one Spiraea hecarnc a hundred' (a
hundred S. became a thousand, and a thousand D tiipii:le:- ])en. V. fr. topu:; s.i.m.m.1.p. w.
P. ten thousand) IrkR 32: Xak. X I tavrlku: some phonetic chances, generally meaning 'to
d~alectform (Irrgn) of t a v l l g u : ~'jujuhe tree' strike, hit', not necessarilv on the head, per-
Knr. 1489: Gat. xv ff. tobul u 'the name of haps ow in^ to some confusion with tep-.
a hard red-colourcd tree (dikt . . . snlb wa Xek. 31 01 yagl:nr: t6pu:le:di: 'he struck
srrrx-tang) from the branches of which they the enemy on thr head' ('alii hdmatihi) Kay.
make handles for whips' San. 167v. 21. 111 322 (tiipu:le:r, t6pii:le:me:k): Kip. xlv
depele- ('with -p-') qatola 'to kill' fd. 47:
?D tavrl8u:q Hap. leg.; cf. t a v ~ l k u : .Xak. X I O s m . X V I I I tcpele- (so spelt, but with -mak
tav1lgu:q al-~nbarxtin (mis-spelt al-!oyarstin! in error) in R~irrri, farqzadan 'to hit on the head';
'the jujube tree, Zizyphris' Kay. 1 4 8 8 . and metaph. 'to kill, destroy' Son. 151r. 27.
V U D tupu1ga:k Dev. N./A. connoting D, tevliiglen- Hap. leg.; Refl. Den. V. fr.
Habitual Action fr. tupul- ; lit. 'constantly tevliig (tevlig). Xak. X I e r tevliiglendl: 'the
piercing', in practice (I) 'colic' (i.e. a con- man reckoned himself to be among the de-
P stant piercing pain); (2) certain vegetables ceivers (min c~rm!u~a"l-mul~tli(in) and behaved
with a pungent odour. Survives in SW Osni. like them' (tn!nrraqa hi-{ariqihim) Kay. 11 277
topalak 'globular; a globular lump'; topalak (tevliiglenii:r, tevliig1enme:k).
agaqt 'the buckthorn, Rhntrrrrrrs clrlnrop/torrrs
glolros~rs';topalak kiiki 'rnuskroot; the root Ilis. DEN
of Nardoslachis jntamonsi or Cyperus hrrll~ora' t a b a n 'the sole of the foot'; s.i.a.ln.l.q. m.
Red. I Z ~ Oin, the last meaning also 'I'kni., the
first meaning, and perhaps the vocalization, ~ a r i o u s exrcndcd and metaph. meanings.
due to the erroneous supposition of an etymo- T a b a n the name of a plant in Uye. V I I I ff.
logical connection with to:b. ?'he first v o \ \ ~ l Civ. N 11 14, 125 is no douht a 1.-w.; and
d a b a n 'a mountain pass' in the Uyg. xlv
in T T VJII is -u- and this was prob. the
ori~inal pronunciation, since S W -0- often Chin.-Uyj. Dict. ( R 111964) is a Mong. I.-w.
rcpresents an original -u-, cf. t o e - for tug-, Xak. X I t a b a n xtiflu'l-ba'ir Ka$. 1400; 405, 3
but later forms like topalak may represent an (the natural meaning of this is 'a camel's hoof'
earlier topolga:k. Uyg. VIII ff. Bud. tupul- but see tabanlrg): xrrr Tef. i k i d a b a n (sic)
astr k i b i 'like the bottom of the two soles of
g n k 'Cyp~rrrs?'occurs in Strv. 476, 3 in a list
of 32 vegetable drugs, mainly 1.-w.s: Civ. (a the feet' I 16: Gag. xv ff. t a b a n prfgina-i pii
remedy) tupu1ka:kka: 'for colic'; tupulgak 'the sole of the foot'; in Ar. 'aqb (properly
Pnegiike e m 'a remedy for colic ([lend.)' 'heel') Son. i s r r . 28 (quotn.); a.0. do. 85v. 27
(see uldag): Kom. X I V 'the sole' (of the foot or
H 115-16; (red and white sandalwood, Costus a boot) t a b e n CCI. CCG; Gr. 231 (quotn.):
root) t u p u l k a k 'Cyprrtltt' (yellow incense) do.
91: Xak. X I tupu1ga:k 01-srt'd C~pertis: Krp. srjr a/-qndnm 'the foot' taba:n Hotr. 21,
tupu1ka:k of-qrilattc 'colic' K q . I 502: Gag. 8: X I V t a b a n o!~tnnsu'l- (so read for nxnros)
xv tf. (VCT) t o p a l a k ('with -p-') 'a root hi^) qadarrr 'the firm part of the foot' fd. 61: xv
the size of an olive or biggcr, black with a hatnu'l-ricl 'the bottom of the foot' taba:n
white inside and sweet-smelling, called stc'd Kaw. 61, 9 : qodam t a b a n Tub. 28b. I 2.
in medical terminolopy and mrryk-i zatnin, P U t o b u n Hap. leg., but cf. tobunlug, which
'muskroot', in Pe.; it is diuretic, dissolves stone is not ascribed to any particular language.
in the hladder, clcars the veins, heals wounds, Perhaps der. fr. to:b. Bi-lrria Uq X I t o b u n
and is beneficial as a potion or poultice for ku'htiratu'l-ta'c?nr 'a lump of food' KO&I 400.
scorpion stings' San. 167v. 6: Kom. XIV
tobalak 'globular, a lump'(?) C C G ; GI..:
KIP. X I V (VU) t o p a l a k ('with -p-') a plant
(nab&) with a sweet scent and a seed (!mbb) Dls. V. DBN-
the size of a pea (al-hummus) called al-su'd; D tapin- Refl. f. of 1 t a p - ; ( I ) 'to serve, or
women. are named after it fd. 62: ((VU) worship (God Dot.)'; (2) 'to serve (a human
topalan (?Sec. f. of topo1ga:n) nl-nrags fi'l-
-botn 'colic' do. 62); a/-su'd (VU) toplak (sic) master Dat.)'. S.i.a.m.l.g. except NE, but
normally only in the first sense. In the early
Brtl. 3, 14: xv su'd (VU) t o p a l a k Ttih. 19a. 5 . period usually in Hend. w. udun-. T u r k t i
T r i s . V. DBL-
vrrr ff. Man. yekke t a p r n t ~ m l ze r s e r 'if we
have worshipped demons' Chttas. 152; a.0. do.
-
, P U D tapa:la:- Den. V. fr. (PU) tapa: which
survives as taba: 'taking pleasure in the mis-
1 4 8 3 (udun-): Uyg. VIII ff. Bud. taprn- (by
itself) 'to worship (God); to show respect to
 442 D I S : \:. D B N -
(an individual)' is fairly conlmon, e . ~ 'I/. 71. camel liickctl hirn with his hnnves' (rohnlaA~r
7; U I 30, 9; T T It' lo, 24; 1' 8, 73, etc.; bi-.I-u@lti) Ir'qj. I11 342 (tabanln:r, t a b a n -
t a p l n - u d u n - is very cornnlon U I1 40, 105 1a:ma:k).
etc. (uGun-): X a k . X I m e n te9rl:ke: t a p l n -
dtm '1 obeyed (~[ri'ftc)God, and followed His IMa. DIlR
commandments'; and one says ol begke: t a v a r (d-) c~ri~inall!.'livestock', a meaning
t a p t n d ~ :'he servcd (.mdn,nn) the hpg' Kog. II \vhich corilcs out clearly in the phr. ec_l tilvar
140 ( t a p ~ n u : r ,tap1nma:k; verse) and over a 'inanimate and animate property' (we ed),
dozen 0.0.: KII tapln- 'to serve' (a human and from an carly date, ~ i n c elivestnck was
master) is common 07 (taplg), 528. 5 9 j the commonest forin of propcrtv in 'l'urkish
(trgurlt~g),5o7, 615. etc.: srrr(?) Trf. taptn-1 societj,, 'property' in ncncral nnd even spcci-
t a p u n - 'to worship; to serve' 286-7 (and some ficalli 'merchandisr, trade pootls'. As Ar. inrfl
dcr. f.s): s ~ Rhg. v t a p l n - 'to worship' R III is equally ; ~ n ~ b i g t ~ n uthe s , cxnct ~nrnninpin
1170 (quotn.); 11frth. sodamn t a p l n - (-h-) Atel. some medieval texts is ohscure. An early I.-w.
25, 1 5 ; RIJ 108: Gag. xv ff. t a b ~ n -(sic) 'to in R.Ionj:. as tnhnr (Ifornirclt 143) and liussian
bow in prayer, to \\-orship, to prostrate oneself' as tnrrar, 1>n111in thc sec011~1sense. 'l'he first
Son. I jrr. 7 (quotn.): X w a r . X I V t a p u n - 'to was proh. rclrorrowed in N13 Alt., I,eh., ?'el.
worship' Qutb 168; Nnhc. 405, 1 0 - 1 I : K o m . t a b a r R 111 966 and the srcontl in several
xrv 'to ~vorship,adore' t a b u n - C C G ; Gr. 231 modern languages in the Soviet Union; hut the
(~UOCII.). word seem; to survive genuinely in SE Turki
t a v a r 'silk goods, trade goods (generally)';
L) tepill- (d-) Ilcfl. f. of t e p - ; s.i.s.m.1. X a k . SC U Z ~ t.o v a r (perhaps the origin of the
sr e r a t l n teplndi: 'the man urged on Russian word); NiY Kk. t a w a r 'goods' and
(mknda) his horse with his feet'; also used sw o s m . d a v a r ']ivestockr. Uyg. v ~ r tfirgeg r
when a man moves (!~nrmkn) his feet for some- k a r l u k l g (sic, ?irregular GPII.)tnvar1:n all^
thing K q . I1 140 (teplnu:r, tepinme:k). 'I scizcd the livcsttrckof the't'iirgc$and Knrluk'
D ievin- flap. ICE.; Refl. f. of t e v - ; 'to inter- (pillaged thcir d\vellinFs and returned honlc)
lock-, or t h e like. Xak. er eligin uvundl: $". S 5: "11 ff. f . W . by itself seems
tevindi: 'the man was distressed (ihtol,l,,lu) to 1 l i e ~ prinlarilv
l 'property' [J 1186, 41 ;
some affair and ,\.rung (dnInkn) his
111 8 1 , I+; ~ l ~ ~ zoz6 ~ ~ (~t a ~" l g~l l gs ) ;. ed
t n v a r is conlmon, sec c(j: Civ. c d t a v a r is
'lands i n shame a n d "grct' K n ~ . I1 '47 fairly corllrnon, src ec_l;in 7'7' b-I[ t a v a r is
(tevinu:r, tevlnme:k).
conimonrr than c d t n v n r snd seetils always
:k t o p ~ n - Sce tiiplr-. to mean 'PI-oprrty'; in the c<)nunercial dncts.
in I J S p . Pnvar, which occurs ,occasionally,
'Ms. DBN secrns to I I I ~ Y I ~specifically 'mrrchandisc,
trade goods' : S I ~Chili.-Uj:i;. 1)icl. 'satin'
I) t a b : ~ t ~ l1'.N./A.
~g fr. t o b o n ; s.i.s.m.l. 130th tavar L ; 261~: x n~k . ~ tavnr ~ al.ril*n
in its lit. meaning and n~etaph. for 'robust, sn<tn, mllroto cpropcrty noisy and silent'
enerpctic'; it is possible that this is the in- (i,,. aninl;ltc and inanitmate) fif,I 362
tended rllcanin~ of the Xak. phr.; a l - x ~ f l (verse); tava:r n/-sirn ron'/-nta I; 50
meatis both " camel's hoof' a n d 'footwear, 0.0. "f tavar/tava:r translated o/-mfil, nl-opd'
hoot'; it seenis unnecessary to describe n cdmrl nl-,,l;trie (~lncrchandise-)a n d over a
as having h o o ~ c s , and improbahlo that it dozen (1guz) of tawar/tawa:r: K B
Xak. taban'@ (sic, tavariscot1imon, rlsually in the &r. n e g t a v a r
misprinted tnclanl~t in printed text) tevey dproperty, Eonrlss, somctitncs nssociatcd \vith
bo'ir dfittr'l-xrrff k-q. I 499. n l t u n 'golrl' and kiimiig 'silver' 485. I I 12,
~ ~ t o b1u n l u1g Hap. leg.; P,N./A, fr, t o b u n , 1786, 3?Xz, 43729 etc.; e'ig k1sga t u t t u m
q.,8. ~ a k . ( ? ) X I t o b u n l u g tarlfi ol-burr taVar t e r m e d i m '1 hare not heen k'rasping,
~ l i ~ / - k u ~ b r',,.heat
,m containing lunlps9 K ~I ~- 1,ha\.e not accumutatcd property' 6079: xt11( I)
At. several 0.0. of t a v a r 'property, wealth';
499. Tef. t a v a r but niore usually t l v a r (spelt
T r l s . V . DBN- trgfnr) 'lix-estock, property' 280, 303: XIV
1) t a p l n d u r - Caus. f. of t a p i n - ; in Afrrh. a/-l?tfil d a w a : r Mrl. 68, I I : Rif, 169:
N\V Kaz. t a b l n d u r - 'to subjllgate' and the Fag. xv ff. t a w a r a generic term for all 'live-
like R 111970. Uyfi. vl1l tf, Bud. T T V I 266 stock and quadrupeds' (sfllrir tun p?rpdydn),
(uduntur-): Ci,.. k e l j n taplndutmaz and in Mong. qrrt?l~i$'merchandise, piece-
'if he gets a daughter-in-law he cannot make goods' San. 1 6 5 ~7: . O g u z XI (after Xnk.) and
her respect him7 T T VII 2$ 51 : X a k . I(B the OAuz and others (magayrtrhtrm) say t a w a r
(1 was tm in 'making you my with -w- Kaf. 1 3 6 2 : X w a r . xrv rnll t a v a r
confidant without knowing you and) t a p l n - 'property, mealthQttfb 174. Nahc. z36, 6:
d u r r n a d l n 'without you respect me' KIP. X I V a/-innr~vifi'cattle' d a w a r Btrl. 7, 5 :
634; a.o. 1755. xv bnhima 'quadruped' t a w a r (vocalized tuwor
with d - added below in a second hand) Tuh.
D tabanla:- Den. V. fr. / a b. a n , survives in 7b. 7; in do. 13a. 13 !tli'i! 'wall' is simi-
SW Osrn. t a b a n l a - ; f i m . da:banla:- 'to larly translated (representing Pe. dimfir) with
trample down, press down; to put a roller (on bahima d l w a r added in 3 second hand in
a field)'. X a k . XI t e w e y (sic) t a b a n l a : d ~ : 'the the margin: O s r n . xtv ff. d n v a r 'livestock',
 D I S . V.
and more specifically 'anirnal to ride'; c.i.a.p. Dls. V. DBR-
T T S 1 1 8 1 ; I1 262; 111169; I Y 192. tevlr- 'to twist, turn (something Acc.)';
P U tovur See tovra:-. practically syn. m. evir- and qevir- and per-
haps an older form of the latter, q.v. N.0.a.h.
1) tavra:k (d-) N./A.Ac. fr. tavra:- ; 'speed, Uyg. v r ~ rff. Bud. n o m tilgenin tevirer 'he
hurry; quick'. Survives in NI; several dia- turns the \vhcel of the law' T T V1455: Xak.
lects tabarakltabrak R 111 971, 981. Uyg. X I c r tava:rap eviirdi: teviirdi: qnlluha'l-
V I I I ff. Bud. y6l teg t a v r a k yiigurup 'run- -mrrrlrr'l-mitd' ma tafurrafa fih5 wa ca'ala
ning quickly like the wind' 7'T .Y 295; a.0. gnhmhri'l-hnfn 'the man turned over the goods
do. 115; n e y e m e tag n e y e m e tavrak 'how and disposed of them and turned them upside
surprising and swift' Iliirn-tr. I 89s ; t e r k do\vn'; evitrdi: is the main verb (afl) and
t a v r a k 'hurriedly (t-Iend.)' U I11 22, I (iii) tevurdi: a jingle (tohn') I&#. II 81 (teviire:r,
(and do. 56, j (i) terkin); Stre.. 179, 13; 248, tevurrne:k); a.0. I 1.57, 17 (evlr-): Kom.
15 etc.: Civ. drte k u n t a v r a k huyan kt1 xrv 'to twist, turn' tiiviir- CCG; Gr.
'hurry to do good eerly in tkd morning' T T I
171-2; 8.0.0.: X I V Chin.-[/xi. Dict. 'go quickly' V U tuvlr- the main entry is out of place
t a v r a k b a r g l n (sic) Li~pri261; Rlil 981: amonp verhs with -t- as the second con-
X a k , X I tavra:k al-sur'a 'speed, hurry ;hence sonant, but the word reappears in a gramrn.
one says tavra:krn kel 'come quickly'; and section on Aor. forms in the same spelling.
this word is.made en Adj. ($a), one says It looks like a Caus. f., or a Den. V. in -r-
tavra:k r:g$r: 'a quick (tirusri') worker' Kaj. I (cf. tiipir-). hut there is no trace of a pos-
468; 0.0. I 156, 4 (akrt-) and three more: KB sible base. I'ec. to Kay. Xak. a t ku1a:kln
klgl r d t ~t a v r a k 'he sent a man quickly' j954; tuvurdl: (aic) 'the horse pricked (ayarro) its
ydme tavrakln 'do not bolt your food' 4132: ears (etc.)', that is, raised them when it noticed
X w a r . xrrl(?) 02. 114-15 (astur-). somethinp Kag 1173 (tuv1:ra:r (sic), tuvlr-
ma:k); a t ku1a:k tuvurdr: . . . tuvura:r/
D topra:k Dev. N. (Conc. N.) fr. topra:-; tuv1ra:r (both knsm nnd Gatntira marked) I1
lit. 'somethinp dry', in practice 'dry pround, 161, zoff.
soil, earth, dust'. S.i.a.m.1.s. w. minor pho-
netic changes, and occasionall,- some metapt]. D tiiplr- Intrnns. Dcn. V. fr. tiipi:; n.0.a.b.
meanings like 'province, countrv'. Uyg. vrrr ff. Uyg. V I I I ff. Bud. tegri tiipirer k o r k ~ n q a g
Man. T T Ill 27 (battl-): B U ~tom . (toozr) ydltiirur 'the sky is cloudy and it blows a
t o p r a k ~ 'his dust (Ilcnd.)' U I1 39, 8 9 ; terrible gale' 11' ' 18, 2-3 (Pelliot read toptnar
t o p r n k in a Chinese type date represents t'u in error): Xak. XI tlipi: tiiplirdi: (sic) 'the
'earth' (Gilcs 12,099) as one of the five elements wind blew' (!znbhnt) and scattered the dust
Pfahl. 6, I ; 3.0. Stro. 528, 23: Civ. toz toprak Kay. II 71 (ttipire:r, tBp1rme:k; prov. see
8zin s8ncli: 'the dust (Hend.) settled of its apt-).
own accord' T T I 5-6; t o p r a k 'earth' do. 45;
t o p r a k as one of the five elements occurs tavra:- (d-) 'to hasten, be in a hurry';
several times in T T VII and is an ingredient n.o.a.b., but see tavran-, etc. Uyg. vrrr ff.
of several remedies in fi I: Xak. XI topra:k Bud. (Sanskrit lost) t e r k tavra:dl(spelt -ti) 'he
'dust, soil' Ka?. 1467; 1267 (1 agnat-), a.o.0. hastened' T T VIII D.1 : Xak. XI e r tavra:da:
translated al-lurdh or a/-guhdr dust': K B m i ~ ltigra:d~: (q.17.) 'the man was sturdy';
t o p r a k aa one of the four elements (with fire, (in a verse) e r a t m e n i n tavrayu:r al-rirdf
water, and air) I 43: XIII(?)At. (when he lies rc.a'l-.ra3.1 yajlaM lihnmtrhrtm b i 'because of me
and) t o p r a k iqlge k i r i p 'goes t~nderground' the flesh of men and horses becomes strong'
308; Tpf. toprak al-turd 309: xrv R6i. gv. Kag. I11 278 (tavra:r, tavra:ma:k; between
14-15 (u8ra:-); Mtllr. 01-turab topra:k (-b-) togra:- and ( V l l ) tovra:- but everywhere
Mel. 75, I ; Rif. 178: Gag. xvff. toprag1 mis-spelt ~zac~ra:-).
t o p r a k lrdk 'earth, soillSan. 167v. 16(quotn.); tabr1:- (or tapr1:-) Hap. leg., but see tabrrt-,
tofraglto r a k qame as topragltoprak do. t a b r ~ g - .Xak. XI tevey tabr1:dt: 'the camel
179V. 28:Gwa;. rrv toprak ditto Qutb 180; jumped ahout' (roa!aba), not used except of a
ilfN 7, etc.: Kom. srv 'dust, dirt' t o p r a k camel jumping about Kaj. IIZ 277 (tabrr:r,
CCZ, CCG; Gr.: KIP. xlrr al-turZb t o p r a k tabr1:ma:k).
(-h-) Hoir. 5, 15: xrv t o p r a k ('with -p-') al-
-trirdb id. 61; BIII. 4, 10: s v ditto Kav. 58, tepre:- (d-) 'to move, stir, shake', and the
I I ; Tuh. 8b. 9. like (Intrans.). 'I'his verb and/or its der. f.s
D tevre:n Hap. leg.; Dev. N. fr. tevir-, but s.i.a.m.1.g. except NE; in most NC, NU' Ian-
the long -e:- is unusual. Xnk. XI tevre:n guages, and SW Az. terbe-; SW Osm., Tkm.
'threads (xrryrif) which are gathered together depre-. Uyg. VIII ff. Chr. (the star stood still)
and twisted (yufil) to make waistbands for t e p r e m e d i n 'without moving' U I 6 , 9 : Bud.
trousers or cords for slings' Kay. 1436. (theoldman) tepreyii yortyuumadr'couldnot
move or walk' PP 37, 2-3 ; a.0. do. 80,s ;(then
D t e reg Dev. N. fr. tepre:-; n.0.a.b. Uyg. this brown mother earth six times) tepredl
VIII Bud. y6r tepregl 'an earthquake' U karngadl 'moved and swayed' T T X 164;
ZV 18, 193: Kap. xrlr al-!rarakn 'movement' 0.0. of this phr. U 1 I I 4 6 , 5; Suw. 184, 9: Civ.
(opposite to 'rest' Mi:) teprig (sic, perhaps .
k6dirti tepremig . .ligdiirti tepremig 'that
corrgt) Hou. 26, 21. moved in your rear . . . that moved in front of
 D I S . V. D B H -
vou' TT I 122-3; 0.0. do. 204-5 (alkln-); phonetic cll;lnges. Uyg. V I I I K. tepretil
T T V I I 34, 2-3 ( 1 bu:t): Xak. X I tepre:di: u m a d ~ n y a t u r m e n 'I lie unahlc t o move
ne:g 'the thing moved' (tnllarrakn) Kaj. III (my hody)' U III 37, 35; ertigu teprettl
277 (tepre:r, tepre:me:k): K B (the sun is tltretti '~rcatlystirred and shook' (tny mind)
in 1,eo) b u b u r c tepremez 'this sign of the T T X 451 : xrv Criir.-UT~.Dict. 'the wind set
zodiac doe3 not movc' 834; 0.0. 1026, 2387: in motion' yPl teprctti R I f 1 I 124: Xak. X I
X I I I ( ? )Tcf. tepre- 'to more' 286 (trbrr-): 01 tepretti: ne:gni: 'lie moved (Irorroko) the
slv Nhg. haccga tepredim 'I went on the thinn' (tepretii:r, tepretme:k); and one says
pilgrimage to Mecca' R III I 123; M~rh.(?) e r ya&:ka: tepretti: 'the man attacked
bnrrokn ('I'rilns. in error) tepre:- Ri/. 130 (liomnla . . . 'olri) the enrmv' KO$. II 329;
(AfeI. ditre-): Gag. svff. tkpre- ('with -p-')/ t e p r e t - lrorrokn is one of the verbs used to
tPpren- lrornknt kardnit rcn crrnthidan 'to illustrate conjupation in II 360 f f . : K R t e p r e t
~novc' Snrt. 1 8 8 ~ .17 (quotns.): Xwar. xlv till$ 'set your toneile in motion' 774; 8.n. 2536
tepre- 'to move, sct out' Qttth 174: Klp. (turgn:k): srr~ff. Trf. tepret- 'to move,
sv ta/rormk nrttn 'niove!' tepreg (sic 'with -D', shake', etc. 292 (tehret-): xlv Mrrlt.(?) ltnrrakn
i.e. Plur.) Ka71. 77, I I . tepre:t- ( - h - ) I<$ 107 (only): Gag. xv ff.
tPpret- Calls. f. ntrttnlrnrrik knrdnit rua cnn-
L) 1evri:- See tend:- hrirrirl(1it 'to set in niotion' Snti. r8gr. 15
topra:- I-lap. leg., hut see topra:k, etc. (quotn.): X w a r . X I V tepret- ditto Qtrth 174;
Xak. xr o t topra:dl: 'the plant became dry tbpret- do, r76: Kom. X I V ditto tepret-
(and withered hafinr)' Kof. 111 277 (topra:r, CCI: Gr.: KIP. S I I I /tnrraka tepret- (-!I-)
topra:ma:k). Hou. 39, 14; hazzn . . . rcn hrrwn'l-tnhrik li'l-
-jay' 'to shake (something)' do. 44,7: XIV fd. 8
V U D tovra:- Den. V. fr. (VU) t o v u r of (1 u : ~ )xv : hnrrakn tepret- (-b-; 'with a soft
which there is no other tracc. ec. to Kay. Xak. (mzrmqqnqn) rd") Kar. 77, ro; ditto Tuh. 13b.
XI uga:k ne:g tovra:d~:!h'e small thing 13: O s m . xrvff. depret- 'to move, shake';
became big' (kahrtrat), for example young c.i.a.p. T T S 1 1 9 s ; 11 283; III 184; I V 210.
sheep \i.hcn they hccome big; takcn fr. the
phr. tovlrr (50 read) y i n ~ i i :'large pearls' Kay. D t o p r a t - Hap, leg.; Caus. f, of topra:-.
I l l 279 (tovra:r, tovra:ma:k; corrected fr. Xak. X I ko:y o t u g toprattl: 'the shcep eat
-ntr:k or vice vcrsa?); a.o 111 41 (yunpg). down all thc vegetation until none of it re-
mained on the ground, and made the dust hlow
1) tavrat- (d-) Calls. f. of tavra:-; (I) 'to off it' (cn'nlnf trrhihh nrinhtr'l-hnhn") KO$.If
hurry, hustle (sotilcone A r c . ) ' ; (2) 'to twist, 730 (topmtn:r, toprntma:k; MS. in error
spin'. Survives in NIC l<unid. t a b r a t - 'to -1r1c:k).
turn (something) on a spit'. The second mean-
ing should connect this word with tevir-, but I> tevril- I'nss. f. of tevir-; n.o.:l.h. UyR.
the vo\vels niake this impos<ihle; the conno- vlrrtf. Bud. (i~ndrrstandinq how snwrsdm
tation seelus to he 'to make (something) move turns (evril-) this w:ty) ~ n a r utcvrilmekin
fast'. T u r k i i vrrl ff. Man. (he appointed one emgeksiz uquz u k a r 'he understands pain-
man over each ten men and) e d g e k ~ l l n q k a lcssly and easily how it turns that way' U I I
iiziit [ a ~ ~ gt aav]r a t k u r l k11d1 'made him an I I , 10-12; a.o. Sun. 133, 22 (arkuru:).
urger to (do) good deeds and (attend) the feast
of the souls' TT I1 10. 92-3; 0.0. do. 88-90 D t a v r a n - (d-) RrR. f. of tavra:-; properly
(6tlc:-), 76-7: Xak. xr e r tavrattl: 'the man 'to hurry, be quick', but with extended mean-
hustled'(someone, 'accnlal(tavratu:r, t a v r a t - ings. Survives in N\V lirtm (R III 1647);
ma:k) and one says ura:gut yrp t a v r a t t l : SW Oxn. dnvrau- 'tu stir oncself; prepare
'thc woman span (fatnlat) the thread, and for actlon; takc pains; resist; hehare'. Tiirkii
vln ff. fitan. (in a list of virtues) sevinmek

2
twisted it' (n&irathlr, n~is-speltn,&iznfohlt K a y .
I1 330; Bdleg kiini: tavratu:r 'time ustles
(man; ~ttsri')along' 11 335, 3; tavra, - 'accaln
is one of the verbs used to illustrate conju-
t a v r a n m a k ' t o be cheerful and zealous(?)'
M III 17, I I ( I ) : Uyg. vrrl ff. Man. tafrantl
(sic) T?' III 151 (damaged): Bud. in the
Nidrina cycle t a v r a n m a k corresponds to
gation in 11 360 ff.: KB (iF one does not treat
the diseasc) iiliin~ t n v m t u r 'death hurries Sanskrit sni,~rskrirn,Cliinesr hsiitg (Gilts 4,634)
one a~vay'4616; a.o. 4 6 ~ 3 :srv nfith.(?)fafala for which 'moral action' secrns to be the best
tavrat- (-f-) Rif. 113 (A%/. 29, 13 ka:t-). translation U II 13, 2 (ii); T T 171Z1 A.7;
t a v r a n u 'hurriedly'(?) U 11 29, 19; o t u g
C) t n b r ~ t -(or taprlt-?) Hap. leg.; Caus. f. of ii$iirgeli tavranurga 'when hurrying to put
tabr1:- Xak. xr e r teveysin tabrrttl: 'the out a fire' Srtn. 141, 9-10; 0.0. TT V I 021-2
man made his camel jump about' (awlahn) (ermegii:): Xak. XI e r tavrandl: 'the man
also used with other suhjects besides 'man' seemed to be hurrying (yarta'cil) on a journey'
Kay. I1 329 (tabrltu:r, tabr1tma:k; the Kafi I I 240 (tavranu:r, tavranma:k).
translation makes the form certain, but the
rd' is vocalized with fatha, and the Infin., com- I3 tepren- (d-) Kefl. f. of tepre:-; 'to move',
pletely unvocalized, has -1ne:k). etc. (Intrans.). Survives in much the same
languages and with the same phonetic changes.
D tepret- (d-) Caus. f. of tepre:-; 'to move, X a k . XI teprendi: ne:g 'the thing moved'
shake, disturb (something Acc.)'. Survives in (talrarrakn) Kay. I1 240 (teprentkr, tepren-
much the same languages and with the same me:k): KB k a r n u e teprenlgli 'every moving
 DIS. DBS
(i.e. living) creature' 1021, 4417; a.0. 1852: slightly misplaced, and the word has been
xrv Hbf. tepren- (of dry bones, or a mltun- transcribed topitrfa:n. Xak. X I topraga:n
tain) 'to stir' R ZZZ 1124: Muh.(?) laharraka yb:r 'soft (01-layna) ground', that is bare
tepren- (-b-) Rif, 130 (Mel. 40, 19 ditren-): ground (01-balna) from which the dust (al-
Gag. xv ff. San. I 88v. I 7 (tepre:-) Xwar. xrv -habdV)rises when it is trodden on Kaf. I 516;
tbpren- (of the heart) 'to beat' Qutb 176: Kip. (there are no homes in the grave, and) top-
xrv tepren- (-b-) iaharraka Id. 37; depren- raga:nda: a v bo1ma:s 'there is no wild game
('with -p-') ditto do. 47; ditto tepren- (-b-) on bare ground', they only inhabit places
Bul. 38r.: xv ditto Tuh. 9a. 13: O s m . xrv ff. where there is vegetation and water do.
depren- 'to move, stir', etc.; c.i.a.p. T T S I 516, 16.
194; 11282; 111184; ZV 209.
D tavarllg P.N./A. fr. t a v a r , q.v., where
D tabrtg- (or taprig-) Hap. leg.; Co-op. f. of the ambiguity of 01-mdl, both 'cattle' and
tabr1:-. Xak. xr tevey k a m u g tabrtgdr: 'property', is pointed out. N.0.a.b. Xflk. xr
'the camels all j u 1 n p 4 about together' tavarllg e r racul dti mdl Kaf. 1495: xlrr(?)
(qafaaat, mis-spelt qnfaral) Kay. I1 217 Tef. tlvarlig (sic, spelt !I: arlzg) 'wealthy' 303:
(tabrrgu:r, tabrtgma:k, mis-spelt tabra3-). xlv Muh. bi-mdl tava:rlt$(-f-) Me[ 6, 4; Riy.
77; $ti mdl ditto 10, 9 (spelt tufa:rld); 83.
D teprep- (d-) Co-op. f. of tepre:-; s.i.s.m.1.
with the same phonetic changes. Uyg. D t a v a r l u k Hap. leg.; A.N. (Conc. N.) fr.
vrrr ff. Civ. tegrili y6rli t e p r e ~ d i'heaven tavar. Xak. XI tavarluk al-xizznu 'store-
and eatth shook together' T T 1 9 2 : Xak. X I room, treasury' Kaj. I 503.
klgl: k a m u g tepregdi: the people all
moved (together)' (taharraha); also used of any D teprenqsiz (d-) Priv. N./A. fr. *teprenc
things that move (together) Kag. II 204 N.1A.S. fr. tepren-. N.0.a.b. Uyg. vrrr ff.
(tepregii:r, tepre$me:k; verse); a.0. 1 8 8 , z Bud. teprenqsiz b u r x a n 'the immovable
(imrem): O s m . xvr deprea- 'to move to- (or unshakeable) Buddha' T T VI 412; (that
gether' T l ' S 11283. mighty Buddha) t e p r e n p i z y a r p oluryuk
01 'sits immovable and firm' T T X 3 3 5 6 .
D toprag- Hap. leg.; Co-op. f. of topra:-.
Xak. XI y k r k u r u p topragdl: 'the ground D tavarsa:k Hap. leg.; Desiderative Den.
dried (yabisnt) for lack of rain until dust (al- N./A. fr. tavar. Xak. XI 01 e r 01 tavarsa:k
-habh) almost rose from it' Kay. 11206 (topra- 'that man craves (muhibb) for property' (al-
pu:r, topra$ma:k). -mril) Kag. 1156, 2 (in a grammatical para.).

Tris. DBR Tris. V. DBR-

D tapa:ru: tapa:, q.v., with the Ijirective D tavratlg- Hap. leg.; mentioned only as an
Suff. attached; syn. w. tapa:. N.0.a.b. Xak. example of the Co-op. f. Xak. XI 01 anrg
XI one says 01 m e n l o tapa:ru: keldi: ?~adarta birle: t a v r a t q d ~ :'he competed with him in
ilayya 'he came into my presence'; and one swiftness of foot (fi'l-'acala) to see which of
says 01 anlg tapa:ru: bardl: 'he went into his them could go quickest' Kag. I1 363, 6; n.m.e.
presence'; tapa: is a Particle (ltarf) meaning D tepretig- (d-) Hap. leg.; given as an alter-
ilZ 'to', and the -ru: is a Suff. Kaj. I qqg; 0.0. native example with tavraug-. Xak. XI 01
11169, r ; 440, 20: K B h s c i b t a p a r u 'to the y l g a : ~tepretigdi: 'he helped to move (fi'l-
Chancellor' 521 ;a.0. 5830: XIII(?)At. ulugiuk -ta!trik) the tree', or 'competed with him' Kay.
t a p a r u e l i g s u n d u k u g 'if you have stretched 11 363. 2; n.m.e.
out your hand to greatness' 286: Tcf. t a p a r u
ditto 286 (tnbaru): Xwar. ditto Qutb 167.
Dis. DBS
~ ' t a v a : r ~Hap.
~ : leg.; N.Ag. fr. tava:r; 'an F tevsi: 'dish, plate', and the like; I.-w. fr.
animal for carrying merchandise'. Xak. XI Chinese tieh tz*, same meaning (Giles 11,123
Kab. 111 149 (ta:z); n.m.e. 12,317; Pulleyblank, Middle Chinese dep
I'U tepirtsiz See tigirtsiz. tsi); this is more plausible than Sir Harold
Bailey's suggestion (BSOAS, 1963, p. 85) that
D topra:kirg P.N./A. fr. topra:k; n.0.a.b. the word is Iranian, see Doerfer I 123. A I.-w.
There is no doubt that the first vowel was in Mong. as ieb$i (Kow. 1703). The word sur-
normally -0-, but since to2 is correctly spelt vives in various NE dialects R ZZZ 1115-17
it seems likely that the -u- represents a local (in fonns which suggest that they are reborrow-
dialect pronunciation, not a sir~rple error. ings fr. Mong.); SW &. tep$i R Z Z I 11x7
Uyg. vrl1 ff. Bud. Sanskrit vigataraja' 'whose looks the same, but Osm. tebsiltepsl may
dust (uncleanness) has disappearedl[gap]tp be a genuine survival. Uyg. vrrl ff. Man.-A
t o z tupra:kl@la:r T T VIZZ A.6-7: Civ. tevsi kovgasr 'his dish (or trough?) and
tozlup tupra:klag [gap] 'dusty and earthy' pail' M 1 36, zo (in a damaged passage re-
do. 1.18. lating to catching fish): Xak. XI tevsi: al-
-xi.ddn 'a tray standing on a foot' Kar. I 23;
D topraga:n Hap. leg.; Dev. N./A. con- a.0. ZZZ 50, 26 (ayaklrg): Xwar. xrv t i p s i
noting Habitual Action fr. topra:-; the word (-b-) 'dish' Qutb 176: Kom. xrv 'dish' tepsi
is so spelt in the &IS.but the vowel points are CCI; Gr.: KIP. xv sahn 'dish' tepsi (-b-)
 446 D I S : DDS
7itlr. 22b. I : O s m . xvrr~ tebsl (spelt) in Recip. f. hnnrdifnr-rci sci/ln~r 'to find one
Riimi, 'a small tray (sini) which they call another' Sntr. 15rr. 12: K o m . X I V 'to discuss'
mncmri'n (?'a set of trays') Snn. I 5 t v. I 5 . tabu$- CCC; Gr.: KIP. xrv taprg- (-6-)
tnliiqd 'to meet one another' fd. 61.
11 tapstz Hap. leg.: Priv. N.1.4. fr. tap. Uyg.
VIII ff. Bud. (in a list of diseases) tapslz D tavlg- Recip. f. of t a v - ; the only authority
bolmakltg lgi$ 'the disease of loss of appe- for the existence of these words is the passage
tite' U 1168, I (iii).
, tiibsiiz (d-) Priv, N.!A, fr, tii:b; survives
i n SW Osrn. dibsiz,dipsiz 6hottornless,,and
in Kap. helo~v;it is perhaps significnnt that
Kaf. uses tasnrrqfn also in the translation of
tevlr-, hut apart fr. the difference in vocaliza-
metaph, 'unfounded, false,, vllI Bud,
ff, tion there are great difficulties ahout deriving
tevlr-, with its close association with evir-
r36, z r ; 430, 7-8 (UISUZ):Xak. KB fr. *tev- and the association 1)etween the
(,nail,s nlind is like) tiibsiiz teglz bottom-
two wordsis proh. fortuitous. It is equally
sea, 211 ; a.o. I 164: Gag. sv fi: tiipsiiz difficult semantically to derive tavsg fr. tav-.
rlibsi,- l,pl. zor (quotn,, tiipSiiz tegiz); Xak. xr (those two are constantly selling and
tiibsiz 6ve,.,. deep, bottomless^ Son, 167v. 17 buying (sattgga:n a11gga:n) merchnndise),
(same quotn.). and in another dialect (hrgn) one says sat1gga:n
tavtgGa:n, taken fr. the words sattl: bri'a 'he
Dis. V. DBS-
sold', and t a v d ~ :fafarraja 'he was in posses-
S tepse:- See tepze:-. sion of' Ihy. I 518-9.
S tepset- See tepzet-. D tepig- (d-) Recip. f. of t e p - ; 'to kick one
another'. S.i.s.m.1. Xak. X I o l m e n i g birle
T r l s . DBS t e p i g d ~ :rcikalani bi'l-ricl 'he competed with
D taplslz flap. leg.?; Priv. N./A. fr. tapl:. me(?) in kicking' K ~ J . 87 ( t e ~ i ? k r v
Xak. XI K B k a l ~k ~ l s a rbegler t a p r s ~ z tepi9me:k); a.0. 11113. 16.
t a p u g 'if it man does service which does not D tevig- flap, leg-; ~ ~ f , of ~tev-; i ~ ,
please his masters' 1611. sistently spelt tuvig- in the MS., ?in error.
Xak. XI 01 m e n i g birle: e t tevipdi: 'he com-
Dis. DB$ peted with me in arranging(fina?m) the meat
D taplg Hap. leg., at any rate in this sense; on the spit' also used for helping and for other
N.Xc. (with a connotntion of mutuality) fr. tllinjis Knf. I1 102 (tevi$fi:r, tevigme:k).
1 tap-. Xak. XI taprg 'mutual trust (al-
-,l,lr,cdka[o) between two men, or two others' tevge:-, tiivge:- Frelirninnry note. Tlrevocoli-
Knf. 1367. zation of tlrese V.s nnti their Der. f.s is chaotic;
t h ~ jshorrl(i
, perhops be reversed; tUvge:- and its
tavlq 'a sound', and more specifically 'a pnsr. f. prpcmdctevee:- its pass,f . in
soft, not a loud, sound'. S.i.a.m.1.g. w. a wide
range of phonetic changes, t-/d- and alllo in
PIS., but 'he Calls. f . of Ifltier Precedes
NC; -b-1-v-1-w- and -I-1-U-. See Uoerfer of theformer.
11 862. Xak. tavu? (sic) ~ l - ! ~ ~ ~ s tevSe:- ~:p. leg,,butseetevget-,etc, ;Den.
-!lorflkn 'slight sound, m ~ ~ m e n t ' 1 3 6 7 : V. fr. *tevig, perhaps a D ~N.~fr, ,rev- in the
tawug (sic) same translation, dialcct form (higa) sense of ~interlocking~. Xak. yl:p kamug
tavl$ (sic) 111,165: xllr(?) Tpf. tevge:di: 'the thread mras all tangled (toyncu-
'sound' (ya'ni {in voice') 280: Gag. xv ff. runyo) and mixed up (ixtalnfo) so that the end
tawu$ ayah dvd=l 'the sound of footsteps' of it .(, could not he found9K ~11 ~1286
.
l , i i 180 (quotns.); tawu$ 'a sound' (pl) in (tevge:\tevge:me:~),
general and 'the sound of footsteps' in parti-
cular Son. 1 6 5 ~ 18 . (quotn.). VU?D t 'v$e:- N.0.a.b.; presumably Den. V.
fr. VU ftiivig. Xak. XI an19 teri: tiivgedi:
Dis. V. DBS- (sic) 'he was headed with sweat (tn!m66aba
1) t a l , t ~ - nrcip. f. of 2 tap-; lit, *to find arnqtrhu) because of working' Kaiag. 111 286
c,nr anotller,, hence ~.i,~,~ in , l ,(tiivge:r, t~vge:me:k): srv Aftrh.(?) ibtofln
several mea,lirlgs of \vhich this is the 'to be moist, soaked' tiivge:- (-j-; unvocalized)
Inonest. See 1)oerfer 11 947. [lye. V I I I ff. Ri/. Io2 "8 I.5 'Ii:-).
Civ. bodun birle t a p l v p 'co~lsultingwith(?) D tevget- )lap, lea, ; taus, f. of tevge:-. x a k .
the communitY' G'syP. 24, 4; tugup taPlrjlP X I 01 y ~ : p ~tevgetti:
g 'he tangled (yaWrmJa)the
'meeting Wend.)' doe. 43, 5 ; ( " 1 ~ Chinese thread when he could not find the end of it'.
I , ~ Y has disappeared) k a ~kiinde tilep KO$. 336 (tevqetfi:r, tevgetme:k),,
t a p ~ g m a d r n t u r u r [gap] 'I (or we) have
looked for him for several days hut not VUD tfivget- IJap. Icg.; this is mutilated in
found hirn' do. 116, 3-4; t a $ d ~ nu n s e t a v a r the MS.; the followina sentence is added after
taplgur 'if he goes abroad, he finds wealth' the Infin. of tevget-, hut it should clearly be a
T T VII 28, 27-8; 0.0. do. 16, 49 (in these separate para. Xak. XI 01 an19 t e r i n tiivsetti:
instances there is no visible Recip. meaning): (ter~jetti:)'he made him work (a'ycilru) until he
Gag. sv & t a p ~ g - ( - n r ) brtlrtl- 'to find one war. bended with $weat'. 'also (kadZlika) Kay.
another' Vel. 161 (quotn.); tnplg- (spelt) 11336.
 D I S : DBY
U tev$el- Hnp. leg.; Pass. f. of tevge:-; Xak. Ilare Year' $11. E 8: vrlr tf. Civ. t a v ~ g g a n
xr y ~ ptevgeldi: (tevfiildi:) 'the thread (ctc.) (once spelt tncr(2an in TT VII) 'Ilare (year,
was tangled (iltdtfa) ow1n.q to its heing handled day, etc.)' occurs in IJSp. 86,87, 108; TT VIII
a great deal' Kay. II 236 (tevgelii:r, tevgel- P.1, 36 and is common in TT VII; hare's gall-
me:k, spelt tiicqel-). bladders, brains, and hair (for burning) occur
in Prescriptions in H 1 2 5 , 89, I 16: X I V Chin.-
VUD tiivgel- Hap. leg.; Pass. f. of tiivge:-; Uyg. Dirt. 'hare' tavtggan Ligeti 261: Xak.
the collocation with uvgal- which is ultimately xr tav1gga:n al-arwh 'hare': tav1gga:n y ~ l t :
der. fr. U V U ~confirnls
, the theory that this 'one of the twelve years in Turkish: tavug-
verb .is der. fr. *tLiviq which, taking all t v gi:n (sic) 6giiz the name of a river which
meanings together, seems to have meant a flows past ('aid) the town of U s Kay. I 513;
small pellet, bead of sweat' and the like. Xak. in I 525, z j tavugga:n (sic) is given as an
X I etme:k ugaldl: tuvgeldi: (tevyeldi:) .'the example of a Common Noun in which -ga:n
bread (etc.) was crumbled' (furta); ugaltll: is is not a Dev. Suff. : X I V n4uh. al-arnab (ko:-
the main Verb (~$1)Kaf. II $35 (tiivselikr, ya:n in text; in margin) taw$a:n Mel. 72,
tiivgelme:k, spelt teuyelii:r, tevpii1me:k). l o ; tavtgka:n (-f-) H i f . I 75 ; sanatu'l-arnab
taw1gga:n y1:11: 80, 19; 1avtgga:n (-f-)
D tevgen- Hap. leg.; Refl. f. of tevge:-; lit. yt:lt: 186: Gag. xv ff. tawugkan 'the animal
'to entangle oneself (with something)'. Xak.
called facyan Vel. 180; t a w u ~ k a nxargrif
X I e r 1:gta: t e l i m tevgendi: (tevyindi:) 'the
'hare'; also the name of one of the Turkish
man occupied himself (i'tamala) with the years: abbreviated form tawgan San. r65v.
affair and was very active' (taharroka kalirn(n)) 20: T k m . X I I I a[-arrmb tawga:n Hou. 11, 5 :
Kay. II 241 (tevgenii:r, tevgenlne:k, spelt KIP.(?) xrv ditto . . . also called dawugagan
tevyiinu:r. tevg.nnre:k). (SO vocalized) Bul. 10, 6: xv ditto 1awga:n
D tapgur- Caus. f. of taplg-; 'to hand over, Kau. 62,7; Tuh. qb. 8 (and see koyan).
entrust (something Acc. to someone Dot.). D t a v ~ g s ~Hap.
z leg.?; Priv. N./A. fr. tavtg.
S.i.a.m.l.g., except NE?, with the same tnean- Uyg. v r ~ rff. Bud. unsuzin uniip t a v l g s ~ z l n
ing. Kay. is the only authority for the Sec. f. teglkip 'getting up silently and going out
tapqur-. Uyg. ~ I I ff. I CIV. Budagtrl bax- noiselessly' U 1
176, 3.
g ~ k at a p g u r u p bbrdimiz 'we have handed
over the property to Buddhairi the haxy~' T r i s . V. DBS-
USp. 14, 16; a.0. do. 17, 16: Xak. xr
m e n ogulnl: ana:slga: t a p q u r d u m 'I have D tav1gga:nlag- Recip. Den. V. fr. tavtg-
attached (nlhaqtu) the boy to his mother and ge:n; Hap. leg., quoted to illustrate the mean-
made him her companion' (alfaqtuhu bihd ing of verbs of this form and prob. only
(MS. bihi)); the ori~inalform (a[-ail) of the used in the Ger. Xak. XI 01 a t yarigdt:
-$- was -6-; also used in other contexts Kaf. menin birle: tav1qga:nla:gu: 'he had a horse-
11 175 (tnpFurur, t a p q u r m e k ) : xrrr(?) race with me for the prize of a hare; and the
Tef. tapgur- to entrust' (with Acc. and Dat.) competitor who outlasted the other got it'
287: Gag. xv ff. tapvur- (spelt) siptrrdan 'to Kay. 11226, 16.
hand over, entrust' Sun. I 51r. 14 (tapgurul- D tav1gla:- Hap. leg.; Den. V. fr. tavlg. Xak.
teslim olun- 'to be handed over' Vel. 160): X I tavlg1a:di: (tuvuj1a:dr:) ne:u badZ fi'l-yay'
Xwar. xrv tapgur- ditto Qtrtb 167; Nahc. 4, hiss ula haraka 'a slight sound and movement
16; 5 , 10; 161,6. were noticed in the thing' Kag. 111335 (tavtg-
l a x , tavig1a:ma:k; spelt tm/uyla:-).
Tris. DBS
(D) tav1gga:n 'hare'; an old animal name Dis. DBY
ending in -ga:n. This word has a very long tevey (d-) 'camel'. There is real doubt about
history; it was a pre-VIII I.-w. in Kitan as the original form of this word; the oldest re-
(PU) taoli, see V. S. Starikov and V. M. corded form is teve:, but it became an early,
Nedelynev, Predclaritel'noe soohrhclrenie o First Period, I.-w. in Mong. as temeym/teme'n
deslrifrovke kida8rskogo pir'ma, Moscow, 1964, (Hamirch 148; Studies, p. 234) which pre-
p. 10, fr. which it passed into Mong. as taolai supposes a final -y. Kay.'s main entty, 111225,
(Haenisch I 45) ; these words represent, of is spelt clearly tevey and occurs in a Section
course, the L / R Turkish form *tavilga:n. I t headed 'fo'al, fa'il, fa'ui with various vowels
was one of the animals of the twelve-year on the second consonant', the third being aiif,
cycle in Turkish and Mong. Survives in SE wdw or yZ'. Nearly all the words in the Section
Tiirki tawgkan, etc. Jarring, p. 297, and in end with long open vowels, e.g. tapa:, taps:
several SC, NW, SW languages, see Shclrer- and it could be argued that tmey was intended
bak, p. 136. The SW Az. form is dovgan and to be an 'Arabic' spelling of teve: like ma'nr?,
in Osm. and Tkm. both t - and d - are noted, which also has a final yd', but this is im-
the former prevailing; initial d - is therefore probable in itself and inconsistent with the
improbable. In other languages the word for simultaneous spelling of the O a z form deve:
'hare' is koyan (?kodan). See Doerfer I1 966. with final a!$. It seems clear therefore that
a
Tiirkii V I I I keyik yeyii tavlggan yeyil Ka?. meant the word to be pronounced
'eating wild game and hares' T 8: V I I ~ff. IrkB tevey, and this was prob. the original form.
44 (iiuuq-): Uyg. V I I I tavtggan y11 'in the S.i.a.m.1.g.; see Shcherbak, p. 103; the NW
 DIS.
Ilashkir, '1';it. and S\V AX., (;:lgauz, Osm., and I) t a p z u g 1111p.leu.; 1 ) ~ N.
. fr. t ~ p u z -I;I O ~ C
'l'lirn. forms mentioned thcre all hegin with that tlie quotation coritains a different word.
d-, which was proh. thc original initial. See Xak. X I tapzug 'a riddlef (al-olg~iza) which is
Doerjer I 1 101s. 'Tiirku V I I I T 48 (egri: used to test (the intelligcncc) (~.~i!~dci bihd);
teve:,: virl ff.teve:si:jerii: barmi:$ '(a man) one says tapuzguk (sic) t a p u z d ~ m'I asked a
\\.ent 1.4 hiscamels' IrkH 5 ; a.0. do. 46(2 titig): riddle' KO?. I 4 6 2 .
Uyg. ,1111 if. Civ. various parts and excretions
of the t:a~l;ei(teve) are mentionej in prescrip- Dis. V. DBZ-
tions H 1 54, 60, 71 (ugre:), 98: slv Chin.-
[it*. Ilict. 'camel' teve 1,ierti 264; R I11 1) tapuz- Caus. f. fr. 2 t a p - ; pec. to Kaf.;
1127: 0. KIT. I Y ff. Ma1 11, 9; 46, 3 (egri: thcre is at any rat? one word for 'riddle' der.
teve:): X i k . X I tevey nl-ibil 'camel', with -v-, fr. 2 t a p - , NC Klr. t a b l g m a k ; SC Uzb.
uscd both as a Sing. and as a I'lur. Kaj. I11 t o p l ~ m o k ;see also t a p u z g u k ; hut in other
225 (and see O g u z ) ; (the Ogrtz and related modern lanwages quite different words are
tribes turn all t - 3 into d-s) for example the used. Xak. X I 01 maga: s6:z t a p u z d ~ :nl-
Turks call 'the caniel' (at-bn'ir) tevey and the -goin iln~jlo'l-knltiinrnrinn'i-olgriza 'he asked tile
Oguz, etc. dewey I 31, 20; they call al-ibil a riddle' k-nf. I1 86 (tapuzur, tapuzma:k);
tevey and the Oguz dewe: 11 195. 25; the o.o. I 4 6 2 (tapzug); I1 164, 25 (tapuzkuk).
'I'urks call al-ba'ir tCvey with a kosrn on the
ld', and the Oguz and tribes that I have men- D tepze:- Den. V. fr. tepiz; n.0.a.h. Xak. X I
tioned with them say tewe: (sic) with a n a ~ b ol anl: tepze:di: l~c~rodnku 'he envied him'
(i.e. jalha) on the td' III 139, 7: the word is (tepze:r, tepze:rne:k) . . . ol ant: tepse:dJ:
common, but the vocalization is chaotic, ieci: same translation, dialcct form (hrfia) under -2-
as often as tevry; there are threc occurrences, (fi'l-zGy) KO?.111283 (tepse:r, tepse:me:k);
110 doubt errors, of tewey in Xak. texts: K B
tepze:dk !tnrada is derived fr. tepiz a[-sabxa
tCve (sic) burn1 t e g ' l i b a camel's nose' 206: I 19, 10; 0.0. of tepse:- hasada I 463, 10;
SIII(?)Tef. t & v e (-f-) camel' 292: slv Muh. 1 5 5 , 17 (umun$luk): K B kisi tepsemegil
a/-cnmal dewe: .Me/. 15, I I ; t k w e Rij. 92; 'do not envy people' 1302; 0.0. 974 (1 6yiik),
01-ihil rca'l-cnmol tewe: 70, 7; d6:we: 172: 4248-9, 4254-5: SIII(?) Tef. tepse- 'to be
Gag. xv ff. tbwe deve Vel. 199 (quotn.); the envious' 299.
word as such is not listed in San., but two Gag.
phr. containing t h e are listed in zojr. 2-3
D tcpzet- Caus. f. of tepze:-; pee. to
Xnk. s r 01 n ~ e n i :bu: ~:gka: tepzctti: he
ej.
and ti\-o Rtinri phr. containing dkwe i 227r incitcd tne to envy ('alfi'l-11osod) over this
4-5 : O g u z xr (after Xak. entry) 'the 0 g k a l i affair' Kng. 11 335 ( t e p z e t k r , tepzetme:k);
it (01-ibil) dewe: Kag. III 225; 0.0. I 31, s; 01 meni: tepsettf: 'he incited me to envy';
11 195, 25; I11 139. 7 (see Xak.): X w a r . xrv Ircgo fi'l-z~iy I1 336 (tepsetU:r, tepsetme:k).
tCve 'camel' Qrrth I j8; Nnkc. 133, 7; 415, 3:
Kom. s ~ v'carnel' tove C C I ; Gr.: Ktp. xrrr D tepzep- Ilnp. leg.; Ilecip. f. of tepze:-.
01-mnmi tewe: IIoe. 14, I 3 :X I V dewe: ditto Id. Xak. X I o1a:r karnug bu: 1:gka: tepze9dJ:ler:
51; BIII. 7. 5 : sv ditto Katf. 39, 7; 61, 20; . 'tht.y all envied one another (to/rcisnrlrS) over
inllrol tiiwe Ttrlr. I ~ b 8.
. this aRair' I<aj. I1 206 (tepzegu:r, tepzeq-
me:k).
Dis. DBZ
Tris. DBZ
?D tepiz lit. 'salty ground, a salt pan', hence
metaph. 'en\yl and the like. Bang's suggestion D tapuzgu: Hap. l e ~ . l; l e v * ~ . / fr.
~ . tapuz-;
in 'Das negative \'erbun~ in der Turksprachen', in the actunl quotation an Adj., in spite of the
SPAIP, 1923, p. 114 that it is a Der. N. in translation. Xak. XI tapuzgu: ne:D nl-ayrizn
-iz fr. tep- is possible, but there is no obvious 'a riddle' (lit. 'a puzzling thing') KO?. 1489.
semantic connection. N.o.a.h. Uyg. vlri ff. D t a p u z g u k Dev. N. ir. tapuz-; 'a riddle'.
Civ. tepizdeki teve m a y a k l 'camel's dung Survives in NE 7'uv. tablzlk R 111973. Xak.
on salty ground' If I yS: Xak. X I tepiz nl- X I tnpuzguk a/-aliriza 'a ri?dlel Kaj. I 502;
-snh.rn 'salt pan; salt marsh': tepiz (bd' un- (in a para. on ~ c r l >encling
s in -2- which are
\-ocalized?) kigi: 'an rnvious (01-/lostid) man': not Caus. f.s; which is in this case an error)
rcrz \wq6/ li'l-hnr,ia*n nzci'/-!1i71rli'l/adi id tnpuzguk t a p ~ z d ~(sic)
: algtmn'l-olgrizn I1
ynstn;irr r<i?ikiG~rlrsand 'a pack saddle or load
on ivhich the rider cannot settle comfortably' 164, 25; a.o. I 462, 6 (tapzug).
is called tepiz yiik (?sic; the only vowel on I) teplzlig Hap. leg.; P.N./A. fr. tepiz; the
these words is a <iafnnmon the bd' which is passage is in Man. Syriac script which makes
rob. an error; the word seems to be used the -p- certain. Ttirkli v ~ ~ ~Man.
f f . (just as
~netaph.for 'awkward, uncomfortable') Kat. if one sows seed) tepizlig ybrde 'on salty
1365: a.o.11208, 12 (qokraq-): KB tepizlik ground' (it docs not come up) M 11114, 4 (iv).
bolur b u kopugda iikilg tepiz k a y d a e r s e
tiitiip 01 u r u p 'there is a great deal of envy D tepizlik A.N. fr. tepiz; 'envy'. Pec. to
behind these(palace) gates; whereverthere is an Xak. X s k . XI tepiziik a/-hasad 'envy'; one
envious man there are (constant) disputes and says nnig tepizliki: kimke: ta1ka:r 'whom
quarrels' 4247: a.o. 4254: KIP. x ~ vtepiz al- does his envy injure?' (yadrrw) Kay. 1 506:
-ardtr'l-snb.ra Id. 37; al-sah.ra tepiz Bul. 3, 9. K B 4247 (teplz), 4250 (possibly spttrious).
 M O N . V. D D - 449 .
Mon. DC without heinp actual slaves (kul), are in the
tuZG( t u : ~ ) an alloy of copper, no d,,ubt i n service of landed gentry (ahdbir); also used of
an ear]y Turkish context %bronzev (copper and a class of unemployed roughs (bi-kdr [mend)
tin) rather than 'brass9 (copper and zinc). A ~ . Vel. 162 (quotn.1; t a t firqa-i tdcih '8 clan of
terminology on this subject is very inexact, if Persians' son. r52r. 5 (quotn.); K 1 ~ xIv . tat
the diets. are to be trusted; glrfr, and aI-fall*h 'a peasant' (one MS. 'Arab and
,,,,has all seem to mean basically e a yellow Persian') id. 62; ta:t al-musfa'rab 'assimilated
metalp and are translated indiscriminately 10 the Arabs' (perhaps an error for al-musWrab
,copper* or 'brass3;quhrzz the t,ne word trans- 'foreigner') Bul. 5, 9: xv hadari 'villager'
lated*'bronze' as well as 'brass' does not appear .and) t a t fib. 1 3 ~3; . falla'h tat do. ~ 7 8. ~ .
below. T h e word also exists in Pe. as rzic, but 2 t a t ( ? d - ) 'rust'; survives in NE, several
clearly as a Turkish I.-w. S.i.s.m.1. in SE, dialects(R 1 1 s~9 q , and ~ h ~tat; k .,ruv, dat;
NW, S W ; in Osm. t u c and more recently SE T~~~~~ dat 13s 326, tat Jarring 297; NC
a modern Set. f. pk. tu:c Klr. d a t ; Kzx. tatltot; NW Kk. t a t ; Kumyk,
-$abah'"l-affafar 120; a.0. 353. 5 Nogay tot, Initial d - is \rery unusual in those
( ~ a l r l t - ) : xlv Muh. al-fabah fua'l-flrfr tu:c languages \,,here d a t is used, ~ fbas, . 6 kkg.
Mel. 75, 6 ; Rif. 178: K o m . xlv 'bronze' tuq x a k . tat (with fatha, and damma added
C C I ; Gr. : KIP. xlv t u c al-nlrhds id. 62 ; above) (ol-!oht) which attacks swords and
al-ntrhds ( b a g ~ rand) t u : ~Bul. 4, 9; a.0. do. the like liaS,
6, 7 (bo:rgu:y): Osm. x ~ v f f .t u c 'bronze'; xv Tub. 22a. 1I1I 281 (prov., see 1 t a t ~ k - ) :KIP.
(B,,),
c.i.a.p. TTS 1 6 9 9 ; I,I 904; I11 685; l V 759:
XVIII ~ U Cin , Rrimi, a kind of filtzz 'copper S 3 t a t See tat@.
alloy' which they call rtiy 'brass' Son. 169v. 18
(a list of Pe. meanings of t i c follows). tt:t 'larch-tree'. Survives in all NE Ianguages
R 111 1334 including Khak. and Tuv. (dlt),
Dis. DCA but not elsewhere (NC Klr. tlt 'mulberry-tree'
S t u See ~ ~ tutg~:. is a Sec. f. of Ar. flit). Uyg. VIII ff. Civ. t l t
s o g u t 'larch-tree' TT I 163 (butlk); VII 29,
M a n . DD 17: Xak. xr tr:t 'the larch (al-sonawhar) tree
which grows in the mountains' Kay. I11 120.
1 t a t the basic meaning of this word, which
is trnnslated very variously, seems to have been to:B 'the bustard, Otis spp.'. Survives only(?)
not so much 'stranger', which is 1 ya:t, as 'an in SW Osm. to:y. Xak. XI to:d (mis-spelt
alien', prob. a subject, hut in any case inferior. bo:d, and immediately following that word)
Radloff (111 899) says that he had personally al-hubdri 'bustard': to:d (also spelt bo:d; it
heurd of it only as applied to a section of the is possible, but improbable, that that spelling
Tatar population in the Crimea; his quotn. fr. is correct) m o n q u k 'beads (xarazdt) made of
Budagou goes back to Vel. As regards SW solid perfume and musk (sukk wa musk) which
Osm., Leh. Osm. 286(repeated in R III 8ggand are worn by women' Kay. I11 121; q i g i l XI
Sami 370) says that it was a word applied to to:y ol-hubdri, luiafi'l-dcil Kal. I11 142: K B
the old Iranian and Kurdish populations of (in a list of eight game birds) toy 5377: Gag.
provinces absorbed into the Ottoman Empire xv ff. t o y (2) titdoti 'bustard', also called t o y
and hence came to mean 'miserable, destitute'. kug Son. 188r. lo KIP. X I I I al-hubdri toy
Tiirkit v111 og11:ga: tatcga: tegi: bun^: Hou. ro, 5: xlv toy al-hubruc'bustard' Id. 67;
k i l r k bill9 'see and know this (all of you) d o g (sic) al-htthdri do. 49 (Rul. 12, z has 01-
down to your sons and alien subjects(?)' I S -bubdri b.rga:t.y, which is obviously corrupt;
12: II N 15: Xak. X I t a t among the Turks reading 16' for bd' and wZw for rd' it becomes
generally 'a Persian' (al-fa'risi); hence the to:ga:tay, which looks like a Sec. f. of Mong.
proverb t a t @ kO:zre: tikenig tubre: 'hit a togodak (Kow. 1807); dog, under ddl-iayn and
Persian in the eye and a thorn-bush at the so not a mis-spelling. may have some blong.
roots': t a t among the Yakma: and T u x g ~ : connection): O s m . xrvff. toy 'bustard' in
kafara Uygur 'a pagan Uygur'; I heard this several texts TTS 1696.
from them in their country; and there is
a phr, current there tat tavga:G *uygur PU t o t ~ e c u l i a to r Uyg. Rud. and used only in
and chinese#; they ha,,e this same proverb the Hend. t o t ucuz; presumably 'wonhless'
similarly explained, because they do not trust O r the like. See (PU) tots:-, Uyg. vlll .'
them; just as the right thing to d o to a thorn- Bud. bu muntag 'these
bush is to cut it down at the roots, so also the words' I V8 , 3'-'; o.o. I'
right thing to do to an U y h r is to hit him in 773 '9; 861 36.
the eye. And they have another proverb
tats12 tiirk bo1ma:s bags12 b o r k bo1ma:s Mon. V. DD-
'there are no Persians except those mixed t a t - (?da:d-) 'to taste' (Trans.); for the -a:-
up with Turks (sic, 16 yahinu'l-fdrisi illd wa see t a : t ~ g ,ta:tur-. T h e relationship between
yuxrilifu'l-t~rrk),just as there is no cap unless this V. and t a t c - 'to be tasty' (Intrans.) is
it has a head to be put on' Kay. II 280; a.o. I obscure. Except in NE where they have been
453 (tavgac) and several others translated al- displaced by the Mong. 1.-w. amda- and the
-f&isi, kdfir, or Uygur: Gag. xv ff. t a t 'a class like, either or both s.i.a.nl.l.g., but not neces-
of serfs (ri'g.6) who do not live in towns and, sarily as Trans. and Intrans. respectively. In
8841125 Q
 M O N . V. D D -
SE 'l'iirki tatl- is hoth Trans. and Intrans., and rules' Clrrra.~.74-5: Uyg. V I I I ff. Man.
and in N C Kzx. tat-, hut in Krr. t a t - isl'rans. aylgda y a r a t l n d a ~ ~ l a r lt g~ d t l ~ 'you
l z havc
and tat]- Intrans.; in SC Uzb. both tot- and restrained those who fa11 into evil ways' TT
totl- are both; in NW lanwages tat- is the I11 74-5; 8.0. do. 112(?): Dud. yarllg bolzun
usual form; SW Az. d a d - ; Osm. t a t - (tad- t ~ d m a z u n'let there be an order, let them not
before vowels) and 'l'km. da:t- (dn:d- before ohstruct me' PI' 19, I ; 0.0. do. 27,3;40,7; 51,
.
vowcls) are 'Trans. only. Uyg. vrrr ff. tili . . 6 (mistranscribed); U I1 69, 5 (ii) (qerlg);
U 11149, zg; 51, rg; T T S 106.496, etc.: Civ.
t a t ~ gt a t a r 'his tongue tastes (various) tastes'
7'T VI 174; tatma* tntiglg 'the taste which k u n a y yarukln t ~ d akatrglnnur 'he strkcs
he has tasted' do. 176: Cir. [gap] FIG t a : t ~ r to obstruct the light of the sun and moon' T7'
T T VIII I.6 (if this is to bc restored as a$'& I 27; a.o.0.: Xak. xr 01 am: t ~ t t mana'ahrr ~:
ta:trr 'it tastes bitter', it prob. belongs to 'he pre\.e~~ted (or hindered) him'; originally
tntt:-): Xak. sr ICR (he brought out various t ~ d t l : but ascimilated to -tt- (ridfirma tca
foods and drinks and) a y u r azkrna t a t 'he yrcd(ia) Kaj. I1 292 (ttda:r, ttdmn:k); 01 ant:
said "taste a little" ' 5440; (he said the morning tlydl: mann'ahrr; originally tldtl: but modi-
prayer and) tattl a?-a 'tasted food' 5829: fied (strflifn) 1I I 244 ( t ~ y a : r , t ~ y n l a : k ) ;01
,
XIII(?)Tef. t a t - 'to taste(Trans.)' 289; At. 209 am: agka: t1:dtr: rnona'alrrr li'l-[n'fim he
(1 aqlg) n.o.0.: srv 11frrh. dcqa 'to taste' da:t- pre\.ented him from (gcttir~g)food' 111 439
Alp/. 26, 5 ; t a t - Ri/ 109; tafaWanraditto1a:t- (tl:da:r, t1:dma:k): K B (or1 your journey)
106 (only): Gag. svff. tat-(-ay) tad-(-aqm) kerckliknl ale11 kerekslzni tad 'take what
Vel. 162; t a t - cajidan 'to taste' San. I 5 I v. 8 you nerd and discard what you do hot' 1445;
(quotns.): Xwar. xrv ditto IMN 362: Kom. y t r a k rdmnsa tldsa ylgsn e r i g 'he should
xlv 'to taste, or savour (son~ething)'t a t - CCI, not send (the troops) far (from the 'camp)
CCG; GI.: Krp. X I I I ddqa ta:t- IIou. 40, 9: but restrain and concentrate thcm' 2347; 0.0.
x ~ vtat- daqa Id. 64: xv ditto Kau. 77, 1 8 ; 4671, 5292, 5439, 5581, 6182, 6472: xlrt(?)
daqa t a t - Tuh. 16a. 3; 16b. z ; la'irna ditto do. At. sogiinc kelgti yolnl a k ~ l t kt l y u r 'liberal-
23b. 9; 24a. 5. ity blocks the road by which abuse comes'
232: X I V Alrrlt.(?) ~iana'atly- Rif. I 15 (only);
tCt-, tld-, trt-, tit- Prelitninary note. If is a.o. 121 (rnis-spelt): Gag. xv ff. t ~ y - ( - ~ etc.) p,
rensonablv clear how many Verbs of each of these man' ejle- l'el, 199 (quotns.); t ~ y -('with
fornrs there ore, but, as they are rcsually g r p h i - -1y-') nran' hardorr San. 203r. 4 (quotns.):
'
cnllv indrstin~rrirhnhlt+, it is ofim dificult, and> .&war. xlv ttd-ltly? 'to restrain, hold back'
Qirtb 192: K o m . nlv ditto tly- CCI, CGG;
darrra.qed passaps lrke U I11 25, r j (i) and TT G. 261 (quotn.): KIP. xv 'oc~waqa'tn impede,
111 r r z i?npossiblr, to determine ruhich Verb is hinder' tly- Trrh. 26a. I I . - ,
concerned.
t ~ t -(?(I-) 'to tcar to pieces' and the like.
1) 1 tkt- (d-) Caus. f. of tC:- with the idionlatic S.i.a.tn.1.g. cxccpt NW(?); in N E I<hak., NC
use of Cauc. as Pass.; 'to he said to be, to bc I<rr. trt-; NC I<zx. tiit-; SW Osm, dlt-;
called'; almost always in the forrn t6tlr 'is said Tkm. dit-ltiiyt-; elsewhere tit-. See Doprjer
to he, is called'. I'ec. to Uyk. Uyg. V l I t ff. I1 996 and titimllg. Xak. X I 01 e t tlttl:
Man. e d g u tdtyiik n o m l u g [ertinig] 'the nrazzaqn'l-ln!lma'l-tnrchartd 'he tore the boiled
precious doctrine called "good" ' T T I11 108: meat to shrcds', also uscd when one tears
f3ud. t6tir is vety common in texts like T T V a garment to shreds (nmzzaqa tamziqa(rt)
4 ff., e . ~ tlz . y o k a r u b6lke t e g i s u v ulug hdlifa(tr)) ICog. 11 292 ( t ~ t a : r ,t1tma:k) : Gag.
t8tir 'from the knee up to the waist (the ele- xv ff. tit- 'to tear something to pieces ( r i z i
ment of) water is said to he predominant' do. pdra pdra knrdan) ivith the hands'; and 'to
4, 4; 0.0. T T IV 4, 3: VII 40, 71; Sliv. 110, separate' cotton lint, etc. froin the seed Son.
6 ; PP 11, 4; 38, 8 ; 74, 6 ; t6tirsiz 'you are 19or. I : KIP. X I I I natafa 'to pluck out'
called' U I 23, 11: Civ. t8tir is common in (feathers, hair, etc.) tit(-gil) Hori. 36, 20: xlv
texts like TT VII 14. did- ('with back vowcls') 'to pluck' (najaja)
wool, cotton, and the like; Imperat. d l d id. 48:
2 tdt- (t8:t-) pec. to Xak., but cF. t k t i k , xv nosolt~ ma nasara 'to unravel, pluck out'
tcktil-, retin-, tBtrU:; it is d~lticultto fit the (VU) tit- T I I A . 379. I (if with back vowel it
firqt two in semantically with the rest, and would prob. be spclt !zt-).
they may be der~vedfr. some other V., per-
haps *tdti:-. Xak. X I kul begke: tktti: 'the 1 tit- 'to give up, rcnounce'; pec. to Uyg.
sla\,e resistcd (or opposed, qrimamn) the beg' Bud. Cf. ada1a:-. Uyg. V I I I ff. Bud. Sanskrit
(followed by tmo illustrations of t6trii:) Kag. tyakfuti 'having given up' tltlp T T VIII
II 292 (t6te:r, t6tme:k): K B (I was friendly D . z z , 40; jahdti 'he glves up' tlte:r do. 39;
disposed to you but) maDa tCtgii t e g s e n (in a list of virtues) t i t m e k 'renunciation' TT
n31n bold1 s o z 'you seem to be hostile to me V 24, 61 (and see note thereon); 0.0. TT V
nnd your tone has changed' 1083. 26, 107-8, etc. (1daia:-); Kuan-ii-im Ptisar 70,
7-1 I (yuze:gii:); U I V 48, 82-3, etc.
trd- (?tl:d-)'to obstruct, restrain', and the like.
S.i.s.nl.l. (not SE or SW) usually as tly-. vu 2 tit- (Itlit-) 'to ache, throb'; pec. to
T u r k i i V I I I ff. Man. n o m u g t o r a g yadtur- Kay. where it occurs twice in different spcll-
matan t ~ d t a m ~e zr s e r 'if we have failed to ings. T h e main entry o ens the list of words
disseminate and have obstructed the doctrine of this form, is vocalixecfwith damrnn and has
 D I S . DDA
the In fin. in -dra:h, hut the Dev. N. is vocalized 41 (bek); b o r slrkesin agtzda t u t u p 'hold-
with hasra and ends in -1g. 'I'he -Ig can hardly ing wine vinegar in one's mouth' II 170: Xak.
be a mistake and, since Infin. terminations XI rt keyik t u t t ~ :'the dog seized (axaQa) the
tend to be erratic, it can be taken as certain antelope' (etc.); also used for anyone who seizes
that this V. had a front vowel, but the position something; and one says 01 mapa: elfg t u t t ~ :
of the main entry before t u t - suggests that kafola bi 'he gave me a guarantee' Kay. II
the damma is correct and the word may have 292 (tuta:r, tutma:k); 1 4 5 , 2 1 (agrr118) and
been tOti or tUt-. Xak. XI ba:q tatti:(?) 'the many 0.0.: K B a m u l tutg11 8g 'keep your
wound ached (amad&) because of a blow' mind at peace' 25; b u s b z 6gke tutg11 'keep
K q . 11 291 (tiite:;. tiitme:k spelt -ma:k); this saying as a companion' 165; 0.0. 99, 183,
one says ba:g tftlg titti: 'the wound ached a 306, 540 (agtr), 750 (1:d-). etc.: xrrr(?) At.
great deal' (aniad(in ayya imd&l) 1386. t u t - is common; Tef. ditto 312-13: XIV Muh.
qabada 'to grasp' dut- Mel. 30.5 ;40,7 ;qabada
D tb:d- (?d-) 'to be full, satiated', and the like; waamaha('to take hold ofl)tut- Rif. I 14, 129;
apparently a der. f. in -P-/(see v. G. ATG, ldzama 'to cling to' dut- 30, 15; I 15: Gak.
para. 153 and cf. yo:d-, yLL:d- and perhaps xv ff. t u t - ( - k u s ~ , etc.) dut- Vel. 201; tut-
ko:$-) fr. to:-, which in this case seems to be giri/ian wa dciitan 'to seize, hold' San. 1681. I
a Pass. Suff. S.i,.a.tn.l.g., usually as toy-; (quotns.): Xwar. xrrr d u t - ditto 'Ali 26, 30:
SW Az., Osni., Tkm. doy-. TUrkii vrrr xrrr(?) t u t - (or ?dut-) 02. I I I , etc.: xrv t u t -
b i r t o d s a r a p ~ iimezsen
k 'if you are once ditto Qrttb 187; IMN 35, etc.: Kom. xrv ditto
satiated, you do not remember being hungry' t u t - CCI, CCG; Gr. 258 (quotns.): Ktp.
I S 8, 11N 6 : Uyg. vrrr ff. Bud. na pari- xrrr attrsaka t u t - Hou. 35, 5: X I V t u t - changed
p~iryate'he is not satiated' todma:sa:r (spelt fr. t u t - ditto Id. 62; amsaka uVadabata 'to hold
tot-) T T V I I I C.9: Xak. XI m e n i g k a r ~ n fast' fut- Bul. 24r.: xv amsaka t u t - Kav. 74,
to:dtr: 'my stomach was satiated' (gabi'a) KUJ. 6 ; masaka pt- Tuh. 35; a. 9, a.o.0.: O s m .
111 439 (to:da:r/to:du:r 'both forms' (11120- xrv-xvr and ?later dut- with various idiomatic
tayn), tb:cJma:k); k a r ~ ntoydl: jabi'a'l-bap; meanings T T S I 233; I1 330; I11 217; I V
originally todtl: with the -d- changed to -y- 252.
in colloquial speech (bi-lrigati'l-qowm) III 244
( t o y a x , toyma:k); the Cigil Turks say k a r l n VU tot- See 2 tit-.
todtl: jabi'a'l-bop, and they (the Krpcak,
Yeme:k, Suwa:r, Bulp;a:r, and tribes in the IS tiit- See t3te:-.
direction of RGs and ROm) say tozdl: with -z-
132,16; a.o. 11324.22: K B k a r a k a r n l todsa Dis. DDA
'if the co~nmonpeople's stomachs are full' VU tada: Hap. leg.; perhaps a I.-w., cf.
988; 0.0. 923, 3602, 3611 (arpa:), 3766, tadu:. Xak. XI tada: of-bayn roahrca qif'a
4769: xrrr(?) At. harig t o d m a z 'the mi;er is mina'l-ard qadr niadda'l-ha~ar min 'ajr xata-
never satisfied' 305; a.0. 255; Tef. toy- to be wdt 'the amount of land within eyeshot from
satiated, full' 306: xrv Muh. pabi'a $ 0 : ~ -Mel. ten paces' Ka?. I11 220 (i.e. everything in sight
27, 9; 41, 10; Rif. 110, 131; 01-fob' to:ymak as far as the horizon).
36, 7 ; 122: Gag. xv ff. toy-(-mag,,) toy- (i.e.
day-) 17~1.226; toy- sir gtidan 'to be satiated' F tadu: I.-w. fr. Sanskrit dhdlu 'an element in
Sari. 187' 24(quotns.): Xwnr. x r r ~doy-/toy- nature; an elementary constituent of the body'.
ditto 'Ali 30, 56; xrv toy- ditto Qutb 181: N.0.a.b. Uyg. V I I I ff. Civ. (PU) t a d u 'nature'
KIP. xrv toy- fabi'd Id. 67; (tok al-ya'bzn) 'the H 1130, 149; 22, IS: Xak. xr tadu: tab'u'l-
Perf. is toydt:; the regular form (qiyCs~ihri) -inran wa ~abi'atuliu 'the nature and natural
should he t o k d ~ : ,but I have never heard it' elements of a man' Kaj. 111220: K B b u tart
do. 65; ynbi'a toy- Btrl. 49v.: xv ditto. Kav. 68 m a Q a tiirt t a d u t e g t u r u r tiiziilse t a d u .
74,8; Trih. 21b. 7. $1" tiriglik bolur 'these four Companions (of
the Prophet) to me are like the four natural -
t u t - 'to hold, grasp, seize', and the like. elements; if the natural elements are in har-
C.i.a.p.a.1. sometimes with idiomatic meanings. mony life becomes upright' 60; 0.0. 882, 1054-
T h e initial d - in early Osm. is not confirmed 1055 (fgin, arta:-); 6006.
elsewhere. Tilrkii vrrr tut- is common; e.g.
(if you stay in the Otitken mountain forests) dede: a quasi-onomatopoeic pec. to the
beggii: 61 tuta: olurtagl: s e n 'you will sit Ofjuz-Krpqak group; originally 'father' (cf.
(on the throne) and hold the realm for ever' English colloquial 'daddy'), later, when dis-
I S 8: vrrr ff. I r k B 3 (tapla:-); 01 tag1:g 6x1: placed in this meaning by b a b a (another
tize: tutsa:r 'if a man keeps that stone on his quasi-onomatopoeic) Igrandfather; old man,
person' Toyoh 17 ( E T Y I1 58); a.o.0.: Man. dervish', and the like. Survives in these mean-
1gld n o m u g tarfig t u t u g m a : 'holding to a ings, only(?) in S W Osm. See Doerfer I11
false doctrine and rules' Chttas. 128-9; 8.0.0.: 1179. O g u z sr dede: al-db 'father' Kay. 111
Uyg. VIII t u t - occurs in several damaged pas- 220: KIP. xlv dede: al-cadd abti'l-cib 'paternal
sages: vrrz ff. Man. kiiyil kozedii t u t m a k l a r ~ grandfather' Id. 48; dede: (misplaced under
bolzun 'may they watch over us (Hend.) and ddl waw) a/-cadd, also called ata: do. 5 1 : xv
keep us' M I 3 1 , 4-5 (i); a.0.o.: Bud. tut- 'to (al-codd obiige, Mong. I.-w.) 01-cacfd.3 'grand-
keep, hold', etc. is common, see e.g. Itrdex to mother' d e d e Ttrh. I 1s. I I : O s m . xrv ff. d e d e
TT 17V: Civ. t u t - is common, e.n. TTI3q-5, not listed in TTS, but the title of the well-
 D I S . DDA
knonn slv (or xv) character Detle Korkutl: tatu: in NIC, NC, I)ut fr. the mc(licv;~lpcriod
XVIII d e d e in Rrimi 'paternal or maternal a syn. word t a t nppc;~red,which survives in
grandfather', also uscd of ascetic holy men and all other language ~rcrups. 'L'here is no good
dervishes San. 2 2 3 ~ .I . reason for supposing that it is a really old
word. Uyg. vlrl 1T. Man.-A t a t a g M III ra,
V U t u d a pec. to UJ-jl-,and used only in the 17 (i) ( 1 teg): Dud. in Bud. temiinologv t a t @
phr. a d a t u d a , see ada:; prol). a mere jingle 'taste' is normally the fourth of the six senses.
with that word and not an independent word. see 7'7' VI 174 IT.; U I11 37, 30-1 ( 1 aq1g)-
in Srrv. 118, 7 tatrg must mean concretely
'tasty food', (if any are suffer in^ from hunger
?S tat1:- 'to taste (Intrans.), to be tasty'. T h e and thirst) a d r u k a d r u k t a g t a g s u k t a t r g l a r
relationship between this V. and t a t - , q.v., iize todgurdaqc bolayln ' I will he the one
is ol~scure;it call h;~rdlyhe a der. f. since there \vho satisfics thcnr \oith various wonderful
is no traceof a Dev. Suff. -I:-, so is presumahly (Hend.) tasty foods'-in Strv. 590, 23 ff. the
a Sec. f. For modern occurrences see t a t - seven u g u g of the body are cnumeratcd ns
X a k , X I a ? a g l z ~ l a : tat1:dl: rurrcida (a'vr 'flesh, hlood, tatrg, skin, bone, marrow, and
hri&i'l-!nC8nr fi'l:fnrr rt30 tolnlldn& hihi 'the o l u k ( ? ) ' ; this seerns to be an error for tadu::
Civ. t a t ~ g l a rbiitgiike t a y a g t t d t l r 'it is
taste of the food $\.as ascertained in the mouth,
and it (the mouth) found it delightful' Kap. III called a support for the preparation of tasty
2 j 7 ( t a t ~ : r , tatr:rna:k; prov.): K B t a t l d l foods' TT I ryl ; 0.0. do. 187, 199: X a k . XI
t i r l g l i k 'life was sweet' 5627. ta:t@ 01-laddo 'a pleasant taste', one says in a
jinele iji'l-izdizocic) ta:ttg ta:llg Kap. 1 408;
I'UD tots:- Den. V. fr. t o t , q.v.; 'to dis- a $ t a t @ tu:z yogrl:n yd:me:s 'one gives a
parage' or the like. N.0.a.b. U y g . I I I ff Dud flavour (fa'm) to food with salt, but one does
siigup s a r n p t o t a p u q u z l a p k i n p : not eat it as a (scparate) dish' 111 31, 22: K R
abuslng, and disparaging (Hend.)' Stlo. 136, (when a man reaches the age of sixty) t a t l g
9-10; a.o. U I1 77, 17-18 ( u t r u n - ) : Civ. T7' b a r d r a n d l n 'the savour (of life) has gone'
VII 25, 5-6 ( t k r g e : ~ ) . 367; t a t t g e r d i b a r q a yigitlik 1Qlm 'when I
was young all my work was pleasant' 370; 0.0.
tute:- 'to emit smoke or steam'; survives in 375 (OC-),689,1087,1891-3,3586, etc., all with
most NC, SC, NLV languages, and S W Tkm.; the connotation of a pleasant flavour: XIII(?)At.
the Osni. form tiit- scems to be a Sec. f. rather (the wise man knows) bllig t a t g l n 'the sweet
than the original form. See tiitet-, tiitek, taste of wisdom' 106; Tef. rniz@c'the physical
tiitun. Uyg. V I I I ff. Bud. k a l t t lllixwa s a y u characteristics' (of a particular kind of water)
tutiin t u t e r q e 01 e r s e r 'when every lotus t a t l g 289: XIV Mrrh. nl-dnwq 'taste' da:t Mel.
(Chinese I.-\\..) seems tn he emitting smoke' 34, 2-3; ta:t RiJ I 1y; a[-fa's da:f 66, 3 ;
PP 38, S - i . ta:t 165 : Gag. xv ff. t a t mazn ('flavour') rt-a
Iacl<lama fa'm San. 152r. 5: X ~ a r X. I V t a t l g
Dis. DDC 'taste' Qrrib 174: K o m . s l v 'taste, savour'
S tutq1: SCCtutgt:. tatti: CCI, t a t o v CCG; Cr.: Klp. xrlr (after
ta:flu: 'sweet', opposite to 'bitter') 01-fa'm
Dis. V. DDD- min ktdl soy' ta:t Hotr. 27, t o ; u.o. 40. 9 : s r v
t a t al-!~aIlFnta 'sweetness'; la:!. 01-(a'm fd. 64.
1) t a t l t - Caus. f . of t a t % ; s.i.s.m.1. X a k , xr
tu:z a912 tatrttl: 'the salt brought out the D t ~ d l aN.Ac. fr. t ~ : d -; 'hindrance, ohstruc-
tlaonur (aeccoda fu'nr) of the food'; also used of tion', and the like. S.i.s.m.1. w. similar pho-
anvthing that impresses on you (aparra laka) netic changes. U y a . V I I T ff. Ilud. (destroying
the flax-our of anything Kap. 11 299: xr11(?) and putting an end to) B r t u g t l d r g l n r l g
At. 'nsal t a t r u p ilkin t a m a k tatltap 'first 'coverings and ol)strrrctions' U I1 33, 5 ; 0.0.
he makes you taste honey and gives a pleasant T T I V 6 , 4 8 ( b o g g u t q ~ ) Strv.
; 73,zr (adart-);
taste to vour throat' 207: X w a r . XIV t a t u t - U I11 18, rz; 28, 8: Civ. adzn kigilerdin
'to mak; (someone) taste (something Ace.) t t d l g b a r 'there is obstruction by others' TT
ytltb 173. 1 213-14: Xak. XI t r d l g a/-Imqr mina'l-yav'
wa'l-man' 'denial -of access to something,
D tiitet- Caus. f. of tute:-; s.i.s.m.l. in NE, prevention' Kng. I 373: KB (out of ten re-
NC, N\V, 'to make (something) smoke, to marks) b i r i sozlegii u l t o k u z l tldrg, t t d l g
smoke out (an animal froni a hole)'. X a k . XI 0:t soz tiibl a$11 bakqa y t d l g 'one is a foundation
tiitu:n tutetti: 'the fire smoked' (daxxana'l- (j.e., constructive) and nine are obstructive, the
-d~rxdn) Kap. II 299 ( t i i t e t i i : ~ , t u t e t m e : k ; b a s ~ s(Hend.) of obstructive remarks is com-
both spelt tiitit-): X w a r . xlrr dii:te:t- 'to pletely disgusting' 999.
smoke' 'Ali 25 (misdescribed as a Den. V.).
D t u t u g Dev. N. fr. t u t - ; with a rather wide
D ~ S DDC;
. range of meanings. Apparently survives in
D t a : t ~ g(in Kaj. under the heading fd'il) Nl? Sor t u d u g 'pillage' R 111 1495; Tuv.
13ev. N. fr. ta:t- (tat-) rather than tatt:-; t u d u g 'a building'; NC I<lr. t u t u : (I) 'holding,
'taste, flavour', often with the implication of grasping'; (2) 'the felt cover of a tent'; SW
'a pleasant taste'. T h i s is the only form of this Osrn. t u t u (I) 'a stake' (at gambling); (2)
word in the early period and it still survives as 'security' (for a debt). Cf. t u t u k . See Llotrfer
 D I S . \l. DDG- 453

111 1449. 'Tiirkii V I I I ff. IrhB zr) (ur-): Yen. handle', and the like. Xak. X I t u t g u : ~a [ - s u b
o t u z e r i g baglayu: tutugka: bad1 erinq mina'l-la'dm KO$. I 453 (of-sulfa normally
Mal. 32, 12; the whole inscription is darnaged means 'breakfast', but of-salfmeans 'a (leather)
and incoherent; this might mean 'he bound provision hag', and that is proh. the meaning
(someone) at the head of thirty men as a here).
hostage': Uy& vlriff. Bud. anrn ne(?) trdrg
tutu&?) i g l ~ i z l e r(sic) b a r e r s e r 'therefore D tutka:k 1)ev. N./A. connoting Habitual
whatever ohstructions and restraints on(?) Action fr. t u t - ; survives at any rate in N C Klr.
your work there may be' (act rid of them all) t u t k a k 'a fit (of rage)' and SW t u t a k Osm.
U 11128. 7-8; a.o. USp. 105, 7-8 (1119): Civ. 'a handle, anything that holds or impedes'
y a r t m y a s t u k kiimugke t u t u g 'security for (Rrd.); Tkm. (of a dog) 'that holds fast (to its
half a yartrrk in coin (i.e. not notcs)' U S p . 51, prey)'. A cognate word s.i.s.m.1. in NC, SC,
3: Xak. xr t u t u g a/-rahn 'security, pledge': NW as t u t k a 'handle' and the like. This word
t u t u g al-ittd rualrrua'l-solfapittn'l-cinn 'posses- had several meanings, some of which are ob-
sion by arl cvil spirit'; one says anlg tutuat: scure. IJyg. vrll ff. Bud. (as a result of birth,
ha:r 'he is possessed hy an evil spirit' Knj. I old age, nnd death come about) 'and the ap-
373; a.0. 11163 (yul-): KR irliigli klgi h a r ~ a pearance of depression, anxiety, pain, tutgak,
a d k e tutui: 'all mortal men are hostages emharrawnent, hewildennent, and a great
to time' 121 1; t a p u g k a t u r u r k u t t u t u 2 accumulation of pains comes about' U II 1 1 ,
'divine favour is a security for (good) seri-ice' 6-7 (obviously an emotion of some kind,
4180: XIII(?) Tef. tuttlg(?)/tutur! 'security; perhaps 'a feeling of frustration'): Xak. XI
intermediary(?)' 3 14-15 : X w a r , X I V tutu& tutga:k 'a mounted detachment (carida) that
'the cover of a tent'(?); (tutogsuz 'without goes out at night to capture the enemy's
security') Quth 188; t u t u g 'security' Nohc. patrols and reconnoitrers' KO?. I 467: K B
1 6 3 ~ 7Kip.
: X I I I rahnr~atutu: koy- . . . a/-rahn FIiim t u t g a k l ig tegiirmiq elig 'disease, the
tutu: Isou. 36, 19: xv rahn (tusnak Hap. lep. ? advance-guard of death, stretched out his
and) t u t u l i t k . 17a. 4. hand (to him)' 1067; oliim t u t g a k l 1352,
3580, 5976; (in the presence of the enemy
F totok I.-w. fr. Chinese tu-tri (Giles 12,050 a general) a d l r g u udiirgii yezek t u t g a k l
12,057; Pulleyblank, Middle Chinese totr rok) 'must single out and choose advance-guards
'military governor' (of a district or region). and reconnoitring patrols' 2342: XIV Rhg. (I
As pointed out in Docrfer 11 874, where am a son of the Prophct) bizde t u t k a k ( r i c )
numerous occurrences of this word are col- ' ~ l l a t tb o l m a : ~'we do not suffer from seizures
lected, the correct transcription is totok and (?)' R III 1488: (xiv Muh.(?) qahdatu'l-sayf
not tutuk, as it has usu-illy been transcribed, but 'the hilt of a sword' kllrq tutga:st: Rg. 173
nee tu:g. In Tvrkish it occurs both in the trans- (only): Klp. tutga: qd'imu'l-sayf ditto fd. 64).
cription of Chinese names and as a title given to
'rurks by the Chinese Icmpcror or, very pmh. P U D todgu:n Hap. leg.; spelt :adiu:n hut no
in some cases, asstrmed by Turks themselves. doubt Pass. Dev. N./A. fr. to$- in the sense of
Tiirkii vrrr 0 0 totok'wang Tu-tu' (a Chinese) 'full (of water)'. Xak. XI todgu:n 'a river'
I E 3 t ;T u r g e ~ x a g a nb u y r u k ~ Az
: Totoko:g (al-2urTdi) like the Euphrates and the like; used
'A7, Totok, an officer of the 'Tiirgeq XaRan' I E in place of BgUz for any constantly flowing
39; Kovo: T o t o k I N I ; B u k a g Totok IIS ro: river (midi ccdi) Kag. 1438.
vrrr ff. Yen. (PU) K6nq Toto:k Mul. 35, 2:
Uyg. V I I I ff. t a r x a n k u r ~ ~ [pap]
u y beg totok D tutgu:n Pass. Dev. N./A. fr. tut- ; 'prisoner,
vigqi a list of titles in a fragmentary text captured'. S.i.m.m.l.g. as tutgun/tutkun,
M III 41, 3-4 (iv): Bud. kebiinzun ~u totok same meaning. Xak. X I tutgu:n a[-axid cca'l-
begim(?) a ? Chinese name U I1 2 0 , 2-3 (i); -asir 'prisoner, captive' Kay. 1 438; 0.0. spelt
P I ogesi t s i g Edgii T o t o k .. . fsig Edgu t u t g u n I 194, 11 (rdrl-); 205. 6; 11 219, 7:
K R yll a y t u t g u n ~b o l d u m 'I have become
T o t o k P.N.s Pfahl, 10, r j : 0. Krr. IX ff. El
T o g a n T o t o k A4ol. I , 2; seven other similar the prisoner of years and months' 373: Gag.
names. xv ff. t u t g u n girifiiir wn mahbris ditto Son.
169v. 10 (quotn.): Kom. xlv ditto t u t g u n l
D t u t u k l'ass. Dev. N./A. fr. t u t - ; s.i.s.m.i. t u t k u n CCI. C C G ; Gr.: KIP. XIII al-usir
with a wide range of meanings; 'overcast (sky); tutku:n (and 1utsa:k) Nou. 32, I 3: XIV Wt-
tongue-tied; paralysed; closed (curtains)', etc. k u n al-asir fd. 64: U s m . xlv-xvr d u t g u n
Cf. tutug. See Doeyfer 11 875. Xak. X I ditto TTS I1 330, 908; III 217; I V 252.
t u t u k al-.ras;ri rua'l-mncbrib ma'a(n) both
'gclding' and 'eunuch' Kaj. I 3 8 0 (these mean- Dis. V. DDG-
ings do not seem to occur elsewhere): Fag.
xv ff. t u t u k metaph. 'a curtain or screen D 1 tatrk- Intrans. Den. y.
fr. 1 t a t ; n.0.a.b.
(pardu rua &'it) which they put in front of a Xak. XI tUrk tatlktl: the Turk adopted
door' Son. 169v. 13 (quotns.): Kip. X I V t u t u k Persian habits' (taxallaqa . . . bi-ax[6pi'l-farisi)
al-ba5xdnq 'vestibule' or the like Id. 37. Kos. II 116 (Aor. and Infin. aftcr 2 tattk-):
k1l1q tatlksa: 1:g yunqr:r e r tatlksa: e t
D t u t g u : ~N.I. fr. t u t - ; survives in SE Tar., trnqr:r (mis-spelt trmcz:r) 'if a sword gets rusty,
Tiirki; N C Ktr. tutkuq; NC Kzx.; NW Kk., (its owner's) affairs deteriorate; if a man adopts
; U t h . tutkiq 'a piece of
Nog., etc. t u t k ~ g SC Persian habits his flesh putrefies'(vatnroz~~~ah)
felt for holding kettles, cooking-pots, etc.; a 11 281 11 : Ktp. xlv ratlktl: 'his speech and
 language became like the language of a peasant' 178, 16; (a bird's) t a t l ~ kiiniin 'sweet song'
, (a[-fallah) Id. 62. I11 194, 15: xrrr(?) Trf. tatlrg/tntlug/tatlu:
'sweet' (of fruit, water, words) 289: xrv Muh.
1) 2 t a t ~ k -Intrans. I>cn. V. fr. 2 t a t ; 'to get a!-hulru 'sweet' (opposite to acl: 'bitter')
nist!'. Survives in NC Kzx. R 111 905; in da:tl@, 8ti:cU: Mel. 54, 7; (sU:cU: Rif. 151);
other languages where such a Den. V. exists lahid fn'm 'tasty' (opposite to ta:t3lz 'taste-
it is tatla- or the like. Xak. XI k111q t a t ~ k t ~ : less') da:tlu& 66, 3; t a : t l ~ g165: Gag. xv ff.
(later revocalizcd as fotirktt:) 'rust appeared t a t l ~ g!atltr Vel. 167; tatlrg bd maza 'tasty,
('old'l-pb') on the sword' Kay. I1 116 (tatl- savoury'; abhreviated in Riimi to t a t l u , which
ka:r, tatrkma:k, vocalized totuk-); a.o.11281, is also used for 'sweetineat' Son. 1 5 2 ~ .4:
I I (1 tatlk-). X w a r , X I V tntltg/tatlr 'sweet' ~ i i i b17;;
11 tatgan- Refl. Den. V. fr. t a t @ ; survived MN 163: Kom, srv 'mveet' tat11 CC'i;
until recently in SW O s ~ n . t a d a n - (now CCG (common); Gr. 237 (quotns.); 'savoury'
ohsolete). Xek. XI e r agrg tatgandr: tatlglt C C I ; Gr.: KIP. xrrr nl-?~irlw(opposite
tolo<f&da'l-roc111hi'/-fn'n'nr rcn tnmnffoqn 'the to 'bitter' nql:, etc.) tn:flu: p ' n i d ~~n'in i Iiorr.
man found the food delicious and smacked his 27, 9: X I V fntlu: al-htrlra, also pronounced
lips' Koy. II 24%(tataanu:r, tatganma:k). tatlu: id. 62: sv of-md'ir'l-!ruhc ta:tlt: qu:
Kav. .58.. 1 -5 :. Aulrc
, tat11
. .. Tirlt. I ?a. 12: in do.
D todgur- (d-) Caus. f. of to:d-; 'to satiate, 32". I tall1 is p.iven as one of thirteen trans-
satisfy'. S.i.s.m.l. as toyur-/doyur-, cf. lations of laban 'milk'.
to:d-. Uyg. V I I I ff. Su71. I 18, .Q,&@attg):
Xak. xr ol menl: todgu:rdt: (sic, in error) I) t t d ~ R l l gP.N./A. fr. t i d ~ g ;1i.o.a.b. Uyg.
afha'nni 'he satiated me' (todgurur, t o d g u r - vrrr ff. Civ. klinikeki (cic, ?kundeki) 1 ~ 1 0
ma:k; prov.; verse); ant! one says ol menl: t ~ d ~ g l t'your
g day-to-day work is obstructed'
bu: 1:Vtln todgurdl: 'he wearied me (amol- TT I 161; a.0. (?misread) do. 18;: Xak. xr
Inni) with this affair until I acquired a loathing ttd1g11k ne:o of-~ny'tr'l-main71tr' ani'f-tulrttil
(sn'anm) for it' Kay. I1 176; m e n anl: todur- ilaylii 'a thing access to which is obstructed'
d u m a~ba'tiihu originally t o d g u r d u m Koj. Kny. 1496.
11 76 (todururmen, todurma:k); about a
dozen 0.0. of todgur- and one of todur-: KR D t u t u g l u g P.N./A. fr. t u t u g ; n.o.a.b.(?);
yetiirse iqurse t o d u r s a k a r i n 'if he gives S W Osm. t u t u k l u k 'paralysis' is an A.N. Fr.
hit11 food and drink and tills his stomach' tutuk. Xak. XI tutuglug y&r a/-tnacnnnn,
2560; 8.0. 3766, 4769 ( a p m ) : srrr(?) Tef. that is 'a place occupied hy evil spirits who
toyur- (and toydur-) ditto 306-7: xrv nlfth. injure anyone that goes there' Kay. 1496.
nyba'a (fo:ygtz- hfel. 41, ro) to:ygur- Rif. D t t d l g s l ~P.N./A. fr. ttdra; 'unhindered,
131 : Gag. s v ff. toygar-(-mayln, etc.) doyirr- unimpeded'; pcc. tn U+.; particularly com-
1.~1. 225-6; toygar- sir knrdan ditto Son. inon in T7' VI where ttdlgslz bodlsatv
1 8 7 ~ .19 (quotns.): Xwar. stv toyur- ditto translates Sanskrit nsn,tn bodhisattva, see
Qlrth 182: (Kom. srv ditto toydlr- CCG; p. 56, note 010. Uye. vlrr ff. Man. t t d ~ g s ~ z
Cr. 248 (quotns.)). b u r x a n kutln bul[tugr~z]'you have attained
1) todgurt- Hap. leg.; Caus. f. of todgur-; the divine favour of the unimpeded bursan'
tnentioned only in a para. on the formation of (?Mani) T T III 107; t t d r g s ~ z l n 'without
Caus. f.s xvith - t - fr. V.s ending in - t - . impcdi~nent' do. I.'i 23: Bud. (the demon
Xak. X I m e n ant: t o d g u r t t u m 'I gave orders Ilijimba went to meet him) ttdtgslz kagiilin
that he sliould be satisfied' (bi-ijbd'ilii) h-a$. 'with an imperturbable mind' U I1 26, 16;
11256, 6. t l d l g s ~ zbkrdi 'he pave unstintinplp' PP 8, 6 ;
ttdlgslz bodrsatv TT t'I oro, etc.; T T V I I I
T r i s . DDG G.19; SNV. 186, 1.
1) tatlgllk I'.N./A. fr. tat@; always s ~ e c i - tutuksuz ~ 6 . Ice,; Priv. N,,,,, fr, tutuk,
ficallv 'having a pleasant taste'. S.i.m.m.1.g.
hut -in fornl tatllg,tatll,tatlu: apparently the nleaninc of 'hrlldin~up',
like,cf, tatlg, Tiirkli ff, ?by, 111 meaning not recordcd elsewhere; a faulty
spelling of tutui: is not impossible. UYR.
,,,
r r , 6-, ( 1 a:$): u y g . v l r l R. n f a n , -(tatag-
in
see 1 a:tll81:
I 27,
-. , kortle (VU) . . tataiilag
~
an error for tapaBlaB,
. - noml
V I I I 8.Rud.Sanskritnnddhdrnho't~nsrtpported'
f u t u k s u : ~1'7' VIIl A.4.
'his lovely, sweet doctrine' k1atr.-irig. Frag.
400 heading: Man. lti'nd 250, 36 (ur-): T r i s . V. DDG-
h d . tatlgllg ~ o g a n ~ l ngo m n o m l a d l D tutukln:- Hap. leg.; Den. \'. fr. tutuk.
'he reached the sweet and excellent doctrine' Xak. xr o l oglln tutukla:d~: 'he castmted
PP 46, 4; t a t a g l a g (sir) a $ i~gU'savour~ ( m ~ i his i ) son, or destined him (nasabahir) for
food and drink. do. 71, 6; a.0. Swv. 647, 4 castration' Kay. 111 337 (tutukla:r.'tutuk-
(arjat-): Civ. T T I 118: Xak. xr tatlgllg la:ma:k),
ne:g 'a delicious ([ad&) thing', originally
ta:tlgllg Ka?. I 495; the shorter form also 1) tatlklan- Refl. Den. V. fr. t n t ~ g survives ;
occurs in verse qtiotns. tatll:g a$t:g 'delicious with the same meaning in SW Osm. as tatlan-,
food' I 45, 20; tatltg titer s a n d u w a : ~ a i d in N\\' Kaz. as tatu:lan- 'to hecoille
'the night~npalesings sr\-cetly' I 529, 7; I11 reconciled'; (tatu:lng- esists wit11 the latter
 TRIS.
meaning i ~ .LVC IGr.) Xak. XI liziim t a u & !Btik; the Riimi author (Vel.) translated it
landl: 'the Krapes hccame tasty and delicious' active, enterprising; capable', and Tali'-i
(ha fa'm wa laddo) Kaf. 11265 (tatrglanu:r, Harawi(sre Bad. 52b. 9) translated it 'in good
tahg1anma:k). health' (~a!~ih)as opposed to 'ill' (marid) and
! quoted this verse; they were mistaken San.
D tutuklan- Hap. leg.; Refl. f. of tdukla:-. I 52r. 15: tBtik similar translation (same verse
Xak. X I ura:gut tutuklandt: 'the woman as VeI. s.v. t6tik) also pronounced tetik do.
procured a eunuch as chamberlain to walk in 19or. 7 (there is obviously considerable con-
front of her' (!rcici/~a(n) yaqdmnrrhd) Kq. I! fusion here; Vef.'s first translation and Tcfli'-i
265 (tutuklanu:r, tutuk1anma:k). Harawi's translation are substantially correct,
D todgurumsrn- flap. leg. ; Refl. Sinlulative Son. was mistaken in accepting Vel.'s second
Den. V. fr. a N.S.A. fr. todgur-; mentioned translation hased on a misunderstanding of the
only as an example in a grammatical section. verse quoted): KIP. X I I I al-..iaki (opposite to
Xak. xr ol anc: t o d g u r mstndr: 'he prc-' 'stupid' PL1 abru:) te:tlk Hou. 26, 11 : xrv
tended to satisfy him' Knjf 11263, 2. tetik 'the key (nri/rdh) to something secret,
which no one knows except its maker' Id. 37.
D todgurun- Hap. leg.; Refl. f. of todgur-;
mentioned only as a grammatical example. IS tediik See t4:tfk.
Xak. X I 01 karrn todgurundi: 'he pretendrd F di:dek Ilap. leg.; no doubt a 1.-w., prob.
to fill his stomach, or devoted his whole attcn- Iranian. Xak. X I di:dek 'the cover of the litter
tion to filling it' Kay. I1 202, 4. % (kabisattl'l-za'inn) in which a bride hides from
D tadguru$- Hap. lep.; Itecip. f. of todkur-; the neighbours on the day of her wedding'
mentioned only as a gm~n~natical example. Kag 1408.
Xak. XI a1 menlp birle: k a r t n todguruqdl: D 1 t i t i g Hap. l e ~ . N.Ac.
; fr. 2 tit-; 'aching'.
'he con~petedw ~ t hme in filling the stomach' Xak. xr Kay. I 3 8 6 (2 tit-).
KO&11201, 24.
2 titig 'mud', both in its natural state and as a
D tatless:- Desid. Den. V. fr. tat@; pcc. to raw material for house-building. N.o.a.b., see
Kq.Xak. XI e r tat~gsa:dl:'the man longed b a l ~ t k .Tiirku vrlr ff. teve: titkgke: tiig-
for something sweet' (ni-haldwa) Kay. III 333' mi:$ 'a camel fell into mud' IrkB 46: Uyg.
(tatrgsa:r, tat1gsa:rna:k); a o. 1276, 26. VIII ff. Bud. (he drew mortals) sansarllg
D tatlgs1ra:- I-Iap. leg.; Priv. Den. V. fr. k o k tltigdin 'out of the grey mud of sov-
tatcg. 'I'iirkll vlrrif Man bilge billgi sdra' TT V 26, 85-8; titlg y u g u r u 'kneading
t a t ~ g s l r a y u r'he loses his taste for wisdon~' mud' (to build a house) TT VI 82; a.0. Suv.
619, 15: Civ. e m d i titig ktlgu kunlerni
M I11 18, 12 (i). a y a l l m 'now let us prescribe the days appro-
Dls. DD<: prlate for rnaking(bui1ders') mud' TT YII 38,
12; yerde sigip titigin a l ~ p'urinate on the
! D t6:tik morpliologically a Oev. N./A, fr:
2 tBt-; semantically there is no obvious con-
ground and take the mud so made' H 1 7 4 ; 0.0.
[ nection with that V., hut a close connec-
TT V111 1.7 (gstuk); H I1 26, r 10: Xak. XI
tit& 01-)in 'mud' Kap. I 386; 0.0. I 150, 7
tion with tP:til-; 'quick-witted, intelligent'; (ogakllk); 506, 12 (kiizeylik); I11 297, 22
s.i.a.m.l.g., but sotne meanings in NC, NW (suv1a:-).
i are hard to connect with the original one.
! Uya. V I I I ff. Bud. (in a list of'good qualities) D tiitek Dev. N. (Conc. N.) fr. tiite:-;
i tBtik o d g u r a k 'quick-witted and wide awake' etymologicaIly 'something which stcams or
i TT VI 279: Civ. TT VII 28, 53-4 (bilge:){ smokcs', in practice 'a spout' or more generally
Xak. XI 081%:tetik a[-walad fatin 'her intelli- 'a tube; a pipe as a musical instrument; nater-
gent son' Kap. III 33, 27; n.m.e.: KB tetik pipe', and the like. Survives in NC Klr.
is a stock laudatory Adj.; e.g. a j u n d a tetik t t i t i ~ k ; Kzx. tutik: NW Kk. tiiteltiitik;
e r yedi b u cihan 'in this world the quick- Krtm diiduk; NOR.diidik; SW Az., Osm.
witted man conquers the world' 279; 0.0: dtidiik; Tkm. tityduk; I.-w. in Russian as
297 (adut), '475, 883, I 188; in 58 teduk, €0; rirtdko. Xak. X I tutek 'the spout' ( ~ b & rof)
which there is no obvious etymology or a ewer and the like Kaj. I 386: xrv Muh.
explanation, may he a distortion of this word ol-jahdba 'reed pipr, flute' dii:diik Mel. 63, 2
to rhyme with begiik, a k e~r d i elgi yiireki (only): KIP. X I I I al-pahliba dii:diik Iloti. 24,
tediik billglig s a k ~ n u kk o r at1 beduk 'his lo; 41, 7: XIV diidiik ditto fd. 48: xv daff
hand was generous, his heart intelligent(?): 'tambourine' (diimri) Tkm. diiditk TI&.rgb.
wise, and thoughtful, he had a great reputation': 8: Osm. xv ff. diidiildiidilk 'reed pipe' TTS
XIII(?)A!. (an occasional mistake comes) nece 111 254.
tetik e r d i n 'from a man however intelligent Dis. V. DDG-
he may he' 361: ~ I Muh.(?)
V al-daki 'sa ac
iouf td:t(k R f . I yr (only): Gag. xv ff. t f t i k ?E tiitgur- See tutur-.
'actwe, enterprishg; capable in business
matters' VeI. 183 (quotns.); (teyik (sic) of a T r i s . DDG
sick man 'losing his-senses and talking wildly' D titigqi: Hap. leg.; N.Ag. fr. 2 titig; ' a man
do. 182 (quotn.)); tetik (spclt) same trpnslation who makes mud walls'. Uyg. V I I I fT. Bud. (in
and, quotn. as t ~ y i kRI>OVC; 3 1 ~ 0 pronounced a list of workmen) titigqi Atslz Pfnhf. 24, 29.
 TRIS.
?I.: tiitakcl: See tu:nek. abandoned (inrtano'a) the enterprise'; also
used when he is prevented by someone else
D tetiklik A.N. fr. te:tit , 'intelligence, (mana'a fayrtchu); yata'addz run Id gata'adda
quick-wittedness'. Survives in SW Osm. Xak. 'Active (i.e. Intrans.?) and Passive' Kaf. II
xr K R tetiklik bile k r l d ~yalouk lgl 'with 126 (tldllur, t1flllma:k): K B 4428 ( ? ; see
intelligence a man does his work (properly)' tirel-): Gag. xv ff. tlyll- (spelt) mamnri'
2222; 0.0. 2188, 2224: XIII(?)At. 55 (0:~-). arrdon 'to be prevented' Son. zo3r. 29 (quotns.):
X w a r . slv tryll- 'to he restrrlined, held hack'
T r i s . V . DDG- Qetb 192: Kom. xrv 'to ccasc, desist' t ~ y l l -
1) tPtiker- Hap. leg.; Intrans. Den. V. fr. C C I ; Gr.
tetik; properly 'to he quick-witted, intelli- I1 tltrl- (d-) I'ass. f. of ttt- ; survi\'es in riiost
gent'. UyR. ~ I I ff.
I Bud. (if a man's hair turns
of the sanlc Ienpuapcs with the snnie phonetic
white while he is still young; if he srvents chanpes. Xak. X I e t b191p tltlldr: faharra'a'l-
freely and is had-tempered) a r t u k r a k y a r u k -la!rm bi'l-!ohx 'the Ineat was hoiled to rags';
ynquk tetikerser tiiliride y a n a o t k o r s e r also used of clothinp; whcn it has hecome
'if he has a brilliant intrllect(?) and constantly shnhby and torn to regs (aslnqn rcn Innrnzznqn)
sees fire in his dreanis' (you should know Kof. I t 120 ( t ~ t ~ l u :tlt11ma:k).
r,
that that man has a bilious disposition) Suv.
594, 10-1 I. D tutul- Pass. f. of tut-; n.0.a.b. Uyg.
Civ. USp. 45, 1 2 (trdll-): Xak. X I
~ I I ff.
I
Dls. DDL keylk t u t u l d ~ : 'the wild anrmal (etc.) was
P U ? F t o d l ~Hap. ~ leg.; this word occurs in caught' (rrxida) Kng. II rzo (tutulu:r, tutul-
Xak. xr K B 5377 together with 'swan,,peli- ma:k): xlrr(?) Tej. tutul- (of a man) 'to be
can(?), crane, and bustard' (toy) in a list of caught' (by the legs Abl.); (of a road) 'to
eight game-birds; the other three like this are he hlocked' 315: Gag, xv tf. tutul- fiirifia
Hap. leg. If pure Turkish, the word must be grrdnn 'to be prasped, seized' Son. 168v. 6
connected with either to:d 'hustard' or to:d-, (quotn.): X w a r . xrrl tutul- 'to he held fast'
hut therc does not seem to be any other occur- Ali 25: xlrr(?) tutuldl 'hattle was joined'
rence of a suffix -I!$; and the ending - 1 a : ~ 02. 160: xlv tutul- (of the moon, etc.) 'to be
which occurs in other names of birds ltke eclipsed' Qufb 188: Krp. xrvtutulmakal-xusti/
s u n d l l a : ~and k a r g t l a : ~is proh. foreign,and 'an eclipse of the moon'; tutul- rasafa fd. 64;
all these words prob. I.-w.s. nl-xrtsrif ditto Brrl. 2, 15: xv xrrstif tua'l-kusrif
('an eclipse of the sun') f u t u l m a k ILh. rqa. 2;
S t a t l ~ gSee tatrglrg. tutul- is conjugated (lo. 48a. 8 ff.: O s m . xlv
and xv dutul-, later tutul- occurs in ;or 6
Dis. V. DDL- idiomatic meanings T T S 1 2 3 5 ; 11 333. 909;
1) t n t ~ l -( ? d - -d-) Pass. f. of t a t - ; survives 6gr ; I V 254.
in S\V l'ktn. da:d11-. Xak. X I a:$ tattldl: I> t1:tlen- h a p . ~ c p . ;Refl. I>en. V, fr. t ~ t ;
'rhc food (etc.) was tasted' (diqn) KO$. II 120 quoted only as a grammatical example. Xak.
(tatllu:r, tstrlma:k). S I ta:9 t1:tlandt: 'the mountain was covered
D t k t i l - niorphnlngically Pass. f. of 2 t4:t- with larch-trees' (mnaiuhar) Koy. III 199, 5 .
hut semantically connected not with that word I) t ~ d l i n -Hap. leg.; Refl. f. of t t d ~ l - . Xak.
hutwrth tC:tlk.Pec. toXak. Xak.xr og1a:nte:- X I e r ~ : $ t l nt t d l ~ n d l :'the man p v e up (itnfa-
tildi 'the huy hccame intelligent' (,fafafin)Kag. nn'a) the enterpr~se' (etc.); also used when
I1 I Z I (tC.:tilu:r, t8:tilme:k; in a Section he has heen reluctant to speak (taruoqqrrjo
headed jn'aldi, which implics a short vowel in ,fi knlantihi) Knj. II 242 (tldllnu:r, t ~ d l l n -
the first s?llahlr, everywhere vocalized t~ytil-); ma:k).
a o. I 106, 8.
T r l s . V. DDL-
1) tldrl- Pass. f. of t1:d-; 'to bc obstructed'and D t u t u l d u t - I-lap. lep.; Caus. f. of tutul-.
the like. Survives in the same lanptlages as Uyg. V I I I ff. hlan. [ ~ a ~ ] l a rtutulturtuguz ~R
tl:d-, except NE, with the same phonetic 'you have caused the . . . to he restrained' T T
chanpes, and some extensions of rneaninrr. 111 79.
CJyg. V I I I A. Bud. [gap] s a r s ~ siizlemekdln
g
t r d ~ l z ~ r n l n'Ict
r then1 be pevented from Dls. DDM
using . . . and rough language' U 111 24, 3; I: d i d i m 'cro\vn'; I.-w. fr. Greek St48ql~a.
tldtlRalr u n a m a d l 'he refused to he held hack' obtained through Sogdian SyStn. N.0.a.b.
do. 40, 26; oflgurak trdllmadln kelgey 'he Tlirkii vlrr ff. Man. T T I1 8, 67 (ur-): Xak.
will asnuredly come without heing prevented X I didim (sic) 'the crown (01-iklil) which a
bv anythinp' TI' X 72; a.0. U I V 40, 181 : bride nears on hcr wedding night' Kay. I . 397.
C'iv. (the sun sank below the horizon) y a r u -
makr t r d ~ l d l'its light was cut off' TT 1 2 3 ; D t l t i m (d-) Hap. leg.?; N.S.A. fr. tat-, but
trdtlrp t u t u l u p t u r m a g a y m e n 'I will not judging by titlmlig, q.v., already with front
he ohstructcd and held back and stand still' vowels. Xak. xr KI? (a beg must. be stout-
USp. 45, 12; (in a remedy for nose bleeding) -hearted and a good shot) yitrek blrle bold1
t ~ d r l u r'it is halted' H I 130; a.0. H I 1 14, yrtarka t i t l m 'with a stout heart he becomes
133: Xnk, sr e r r:$ttn trdlldl: 'the mm destruction (or the like) to the enemy' 2043.
 DDN
D t u t u m (tutom) N.S.A. fr. t u t - ; lit. 'a single 400; ta:dun ( ?; -d-) al-tahi'mina'l-bogor 'a onc-
act of grasping', hut normally used as a Conc. ' year-old calf' 111171.
N. meaning 'a handful', with other cognate
meanings. In the medieval period became VU?D tl:dln n.0.a.b. For the description in
t u t a m , presumably because the original form Kaj. cf. tiirk; in a Section in Kq.headed fd'il
was t u t o m (cf, tutuq), and s.i.a.nl.l.g. in this together with ta:dun and to:dun. If the -d-
form. Osm. t u t u m 'sumach' ts a Pe. I.-w., could be taken as an error for -d- this might
not connected with this word. Uyg. vtlr ff. he an Abl. of tr: with which there is some
Civ. yeti t u t u m t a l k a n 'seven handfuls of semantic connection. Uyg. v ~ r rff. Bud. (if a
meal' T T VII 24, 9 ; 25, 9-10: Xak. X I K B man, because hedoes not understand this, takes
(man is born to die) t u t a m q a tirlglik t u k e r entirely different views) a z u t e r s t e t r u (PU)
a l k l n u r 'his handful of life comes to an end tidlnqa y a g ~ l u kn o m l a s a r 'or preaches errors
and perishes' 5265: F a g . yv ff. t u t u m ( I ) at inappropriate times'(?) T?' VI 195 (one of
girift-i kdr rua d!Cr-i kar seizing a thing several v.1. of this para.; the translation is
and traces of a thing'; ( z f t t r r ~ ima hamridzt purely hypothetical, but it is hard to see any
'pickles' (and in Pe. 'sumach') Son. 169v. 17 alternative): Xak. X I t ~ : d ~ :(sic,n but an error
(the first translation is ol~scure;neither mean- under fa'il) ?rarj ytrnbi' 'ani'l-waqt 'a Particle
tng seems to he noted elsewhere); h e r t u t a m connoting time'; hence one says bu: 11:dln
t a r t d i g 'every tutam is two double handfuls' (sic) keldi: cd'afi mill hddd'l-usapt 'he came at
Bahrtr (P. de C . 222): KIP. xtv t u t a m al-qnhda about this time' Kaj. I11 171.
'a handful' id. 64; Bttl. 9, to. to:dun (hitherto transcribed tuntin, but the
D t u t m a : Pass.(?) Dev. N. fr. t u t - ; Hap. leg. Chinese transcription indicates to:dun, cf.
in this meaning, but a common N. Ac. in some totok); a Tiirkii title of office. It occurs
modern languages. Xak. X I tutma: al- fairly frequently in Chinese records regard-
-$andti9 'chest, coffer' Kaf. I 43 I . ing the 'I'iirkii, where it is spelt t'u t'tln
(Giles 12,100 12,232; Pulleyblank. Middle
D tutma:q Llev. N. in -ma:q (denoting kinds Chinese tou duan), see Chavannes, Docummts
of foo!); some kind or kinds of farinaceous sur les Tou-kiue (Turcs) occidentatrx, St. Peters-
food, noodles, macamnl, vermicelli', and . burg, 1900, Index s.v. t'ou-t'ouen and torr-
the like; popular in the medieval period, but doun. In the list of Turkish offices in the
now obsolete; the latest trace is in S W Osm. Chiu T'arg Shu, Chap. 19qb. (Cltawannes, p.
r u t m a c '(for t u t m a ag!)' 'a dish of stewed 21) the t'u-t'un occupies the 7th place, coming
mutton in gobbets with chick peas' Red. 1251. after the hsieh-li-fa (elteber); when T'ug
See Doerjer 11 876. Xak. XI tutma:q 'a food Yav*:, who was the Wcstern Turku xafan in
(fa'8nt) well known to the Turks', followed by the firrt quarter of the 7th century, conquered
a story about Dii'l-qarnayn, who is said to foreign countries he gave their rulers the title
have provided this food when his troops said of hlteber, but sent a to:dun to supervise them
t u t m a : aF 'do not keep us hungry' Kay. 1452; and collect the taxes (Chaoannes, p. 24); the
0.0. 111 119 (qi3:b); 3 0.0. translated !utmdc: word appears in these records, as an element
Cag. xv ff. t u t m a q 'a kind of food (a?) made either first or second, in P.N.s, e.g. T'rrng
by rolling out dough and shredding it' San. todun and Todrrn $nd (Ci~a~:annes,Index).
t69v. 12: KIP. xlv tutma:q ( - c ) 'handfuls By XI the office had oh\-iously lost importance.
(qobdct) of dough placed in meat soup'; its N.0.a.b. in Turkish texts. See Doprfer 111
meaninc is 'held back for hunger' (a/-ntun~snk 1194. Tiirku VIII todun (VU) Y a m t a r ~ g
li'l-cnru'!; t u t m a : 'do not hold hack', a c ~ t ( t ) ~'Imsent the todun Yamtar' (telling him
'hungr ; the phrase (01-cuit~la)is used as a 'attack the Karluk to the south') II E 4 2 ; Kiil
name Jd. 64; (in a list of foodstuffs) al-!rc!tndc T o d u n inisi: 'younger brother of Kiil Todun'
qihcdqiyn 'a Ktp. word' Btrl. 8, 12: O s m . X I V Ixt-Asxete a.1; b.1 ( E T Y II 121-2): vrlr ff.
to xvrtr t u t m a q 'macaroni soup' in several Urugu: Todu:n cigqi: Miran A 2-3 ( E T Y
texts T T S 11907; 111689; I V 766. I1 64); Xak. XI t o d u n 'the headman ('arif)of a
village, and thc man v h o allocates water for
T r i s . DDM watering livestock' (mrrrcazzi'u'l-mij.rfh~azzCu'1-miyah fi'l-
1) titimlig (d-) I1.N. fr. t i t i m ; pec. to K B ; -firb) Kay. 1 400; to:dun 'the man who alln-
the context indicates some meaning like 'de- cates water for watering livestock arnong
structive, disruptive1. Xak. XI KB (an amiy villagers' IlI 171.
commander in the face of the enemy must he L) tutiin Dev. N. fr. tute:-; 'smoke'.
as brave as a lion, with a wrist like a leopard's) S.i.a.m.l.g., usually as tutiin, but Nit' Kk.,
toguz t e g t i t i m l i g 'as destructive as a wild Nog. tutin; Kaz. toten. See Do~rjerI1 953.
boar' (as strong as a wolf, etc.) 23 I I ;0.0. 2328 Uyg. vrrr ff. Man. t a m g a k m d a k a r a tutiin
( t u ~ u l - ) ,5905. t a y k a r 'black smoke comes out of her
fhroat' M 1111, 20: Bud. tiitsiignug tiltuni
Dis. DDN the smoke of incense' Srm. 424, 12;0.0. PP
ta:dun originally 'a calf, one or two years old'. 38, 6 (tiite:-); T T V 12, 130: Civ. tiitiin
Survive only in NE Kat., Koib. (R 111 928); occurs frequently In lists of taxes mentioned
Khnk. tazln 'an ox, a gelded hull'. Xak. xr in contracts, e.g. k a l a n k u r u t tutiin kabrn
t a d u n 01-coda' tninn'l-bagar 'a two-year-old USp. 14. 12; 21, 12; a.o. do. 88, 44; its exact
calf'; and the feminine is tigi: t a d u n Kay. I sipnificance is obscure, perhaps a hut tax (see
 DDN
Cafero~luin TM IV, p. 42): Xak. xr tiitun tutundl: 'the moon was eclipsed' (.rcrsiJo);and
a/-du.rrin 'smnkc' Kag. I q w (prov.); o.o., one says beg menl: ogul tutundl: 'the beg
s ~ P Itiitii:n
~ 1172, 9; I1 299, 8 (tiitet-): K B adopted me (tabannfi?ti)and took me as a son';
klviler evinde bu k o p r u r tiitiin 'this man nlsoin othercontexts(wn~a~vuhtrka~5liha); and
raises smoke in people's houses' 341; yaruk- one says e r keyik tutundl: 'the man devoted
lukl a z r a k i i k i i ~ itiitiin 'he gives out very himself to catching (irtabaddn . . . hi-nxd) the
little light and a lot of smoke' 6127: IIV Ii4trh. antelope'; also used of catchina anything when
nl-drru6n tii:tu:n M P ~ 68, . 16; Rif. 169: one concentrates on it (i~tfarndnhihi); and
Xlvar. xiv tutiin 'smoke' Qrrth 191; Nnhc. one says o:t tutuncll: 'the tire caught hold'
4.19, 4-5: Kom. xlv ditto C C I ; Gr.: KI (ittnqndr~t) (tutunu:r, t u t u n m x k ; spclt
~ I I 01-drrrrir~
I tiitiin Horr. 40, 8: xtv ditto
37; diitun nl-drr.rAn already nier~tionedunder
Pd: ttrtnn-, cl, t u t u m ; verse) and onc says 01
nvurta: tutundt: 'he cr~gaged (ilto.~oc/n)a
t- but commoner (ak!nr) with d- do. 47; ab nct-nurse'; and 01 menl: Ktiigqi: t u t u n d ~ :
-drr.rZn tiitun BIII. 4, 12: xv ditto 7bh. 15b. 8: 'he engaged me as an interccsaor with the king'
Osm. st\: f f diitiin is the normal fcmn until (Ko.IA1iknlikn'l-r?ro$dor 'with the same Aor. and
XVI but tiitiin is noted fr. XI\. onwards; Infin.') I I 143; qaksa: t1ttunu:r 'if one
c.i.ap. 1'TS 1 7 0 6 ; 11Jjo, 913; 111230; IV strikes (a strike-a-light) the fire catches hold'
265. I1 23,17: K B attedgii bolsa t u t u n s a hodug
'if a marl's reputation becomes good and
Dis. V. IIDN- retains its colour' 1957; (listen to) Kzin t u t n u r
I> tatln- ( ? d-d-) I-lap. lep.; Rcfl. f. of tat-; e r 'the man who controls himself' 4103; a.o.
quoted only to illustrate this meaning of the 1697 (adag), 2276: XIII(?)A!. (if the fire of
Ilefl. f. Xak. xr 01 ag tatlndt: 'he pretended anger) y a l ~ n l a n s at u t n u p 'catches hold and
to taste (yadliq) the food without actually flatnes up' 339; Tcf. tutun- 'to take (as one's
tasting it' Kay. I1 158, 17. own God, friend, etc.)' 315.

I) tbtin- IIap. leg.; Refl. f. of 2 tet-. Xak. T r i s . DDN

sr 01 a g a r tbtindi: qri~uamnhu roa'ctara'n r> tutungu: Hap. leg.; Dev. N.!A. fr. tutun-.
'alnyhi 'he opposed him and took a bold stand Xak. XI tutunqu: ogul 'a boy whom a man
a ainst him'; hence one says a n t 9 ykzige: has adopted' (tabonmi) Kog. 111 375.
tftinii: baksa: bo1ma:s 'a man cannot look
at his face boldly ( ? ; MS. Innr.m(n) ndyira(n) 11 todun$soz I'riv. N./A. fr. a Ilev. N. fr.
which might hare this meanina; or, reading todun-; '~nsatiable'. N.u.a.b. Tiirkii vrrl ff.
lorn!to(n) 'stenlthily') because of his beauty' Man. Cla~ms.252-3, ctc. (1S U : ~ )Dud. : togunc-
Kaj. 11I 44 (tBtinii:r, t4tinme:k). . s u z y n r r ~ kyuln teg 'likc an insat~ablehurning
Innip' Tl' V 6 , 49; 0.0. Chrtns. Ik=rlin27, 7-8
I1 ttdln- Ref. f. of t ~ : d - ;'to restrain, o r con- ( a m m n - ) ; Srro. 582. 4.
trol, onesclf'and the like. Survives in NE l'el.'
ttyrn- R I11 I 3 r I . Tiirkii vrlr ff. Mnn. (if our I) t a t ~ n d t : t1;tp. leg.; I'ass. Ilev. N./A. fr.
praises and prayers have not reached God, hut) t a t ~ n - . Xak. X I t a t ~ n d t :sii:t 01-gtrhr (MS.
ne yerde ttdlntt tutuntl e r s e r 'hnve been 01-'tcbr, but this has no ~uitahle rneaning)
obstructed or detained somewhere' Chrios. ttrinn'l-lnhan 'the residue LII nlilk' Kn?. I
217-18: Uyg. vrrt ff. Rlan. tttlnu u m a t l n 449.
TT III I I I (damag$d; sic hut ?belungs here):
Chr. (then the h l a g ~approachcd and entered) D t ~ d i n d i : llap. leg.; l'ass. Ilev. N./A. fr.
t ~ d l n u'keeping control of themselves' U 1 ttdtn-. Xak. X I t ~ d ~ n ne:n d ~ : (nlis\.ocalized
6, r I (so read, quite clear in the RIS., Miillrr, tn&?rdt:) 01-~ny'n'l-tnv?nonrta' 'sonicthinp in-
in error, titirii): Xak. X I e r 1:Strn trdlndr: 'the accessible' KO$. 1449.
man gave up (irn~onn'a) the enterprise' Kaj.
I I 144 (ttdinu:r, ttd1ntna:k). D tiitDnsiiz Priv. N./A. fr. tiltiin; n.o.8.b.
S n k . xr o:t tutunsilz bo1ma:s 'there is no
D ttt111- (d-) Hap. leg.?; Refl. f. of ttt-. fire \vithout smoke' Koy. 1400, 19; III 16, 18;
T u r k u V I I I ff. togan kug t r r g a k ~ : suru:- n.m.c.: s ~ r r ( ? Trf.
) tiitunsliz ditto 319.
1u:nmi:g yana: tttl:nmi:$ 'the falcon's cla\r7s
were skinned and torn' IrkB 44. Dis. DItR
L) todun- (d-) Refl. f. of to:r_l-; usually 'to be trttlr prrhaps~survivrsin NC Kzs. t a t t r ; this
satistied, satiated'; survlves in NC I<lr., now means 'salt pan' (which should he tepiz)
Kzx. toyun-. Xak. XI e r t o d u n d c 'the man but may originally have meant, tnore generally,
pretended to be satiated' (ya'bzn); also used 'flat ground'. Cf. t a t t r l ~ g . Xak. X I t a t l r
when he has been satiated (tngabba'n) Kng. II y&r 01-qnrdk mina'l-ard 'a flat sown field' Kag.
I+.+(todunu:r,todunma:k; mis-spelt todim-). I 3 6 1 (or 'land frce from salt').
D tutun- Rcfl. f. of t u t - ; s.i.m.m.1. with a t i t i r 'female camel'; the difference in mean-
wide range of meanings. Tiirkii vlrr T 25 ing, if any, between this word and inge:n is
(lea$): VIII ff. Man. Clruos. 217-18 (ttbtn-): not apparent. N.0.a.b. T u r k u VIII ff. IrkB 20
Uyg. VIII ff. Bud. UIV8,37(stqRanak):$iv. (bugra:): Xak. XI tltir nl-nrign 'female camel'
H I 37 (tiqi:): Xak. xt ku:n tutundt: the KO$. I 361 : K B (the grev cranes fly) tizilrnlq
sun was eclipsed' (krrsifot); and one says a y t i t i r t e g 'like camels tied in a line' 74; 0.0.
 D I S . V., D D R -
206, 2312 (1 i j : ~ ) ,5.770: KIP. X I I I (a!-ndqa to hold', but it may be an error for b u y m k
1:nge:n): a[-niyGqt~'f-'arabiya 'Arab female which would suit the context; the verse occun
camels' t l t i r lfou. 14, 13. in a passage about thc functions of begs. Xak.
XI KB b u 81 t u t r u k l h a m tub1 bekliki 'the
U t8trii: presumably Ger. of *t8tiir-, Caus. basic quality of this man who is put in charge
f. of 2 tbt- (cf. t8triH-), used as an Adv./Adj., of the realm is his firmness' 2132.
with a rather wide range of meanings some
of which can only he inferred. The word is P U ? D tiitriim pec. to Uye. Bud. and found
se\zeral times spelt quite clearly tertrii: and only in the Ilend. tiitriim terig presumahly
survivcs in SE Turki as tertiir/tetiir/te:tii: 'profound, deep'. Uyg. vlrr ff. Bud. ttitriim
'inverted, inside out, the wrong way, wrong, terig qualifying n o m 'doctrine' T T Vzz, 18;
topsy turvy' Jarring 304; Tar. te:tiir ditto V I 283 (v.1.); Hiien-ts. 214; tiitriim terig
R 111 1093. It is possible that this was the yoriigliig n o m 'a doctrine of which the inter-

P
original pronunciation, but e vocalization in
T u r k ~and S E 'rurki excl des the possibility
of connecting this word with t a r t - and there
pretation is deep(?) and profound' Suv. 87,
20; 88, 16; 371, 3; tiitrtim terig edgUsin
'his deep(?) and profound goodness' HBen-ts.
is no othcr trace of *tert-. Tiirkif VIII ff. 1958.
(VU) tlgl:g tertrii: (sic) ki9e:mi:q '(a man) Dis. V. DDR-
hobbled the roan horse(?) crosswise' (it stands
unable to move) IrkB 39: Man. (being de- D ta:tur- (?da:dur-) Caus. f. of t a t - ; 'to
ccivcd by those who say) tertrii (sic) y a n a make or let (someone Dot.) taste (something
igideyu 'wrongly and untruthfully' Chuas. Acc.)';as suchn.0 a.b., buts.i.s.m.l.astattur-/
135: Uyg. V I I I ff. Man. tertrii (sic) sari@ t a t t i r - ; S W Tkm. da:dir-. Xak. XI m e n
kurta p, erro,r for k u r t g a ) yek 'an old
female emon w ~ t hdlshcvelled hair' M 11 I I .
a g a r ag t a t u r d u m ' I made him taste
(adaqtrihu) the food' Kay II 73 ( t a t u m r m e n ,
16; same phr. with tetrii and k u r t g a do. 12, taturma:k); 01 maga: ag ta:turdl: 'he made
I (ii); kilriirler e r t i sizige t8trii 'they were
me taste the food' (etc.) 111 186 (ta:turur,
looking askance at you' T T 111 82: Bud. ta:turma:k); 0.0. I S I S 22; , I1 74, I I : XIII(?)
tbtrii korrneklig y a r u k l n idtl 'she sent the At. 'asal t a t r u p 'giving him honey to taste'
brightness of a sidelong glance' (at the king) 207; R.O. 263; Tef. t a t d l r - ditto 289: Gag.
U I1 23. 11-12; 0.0. of tbtrii k 6 r - in T T X - xv ff. tatur-(-mas) tatdur- lhf. 162 (quotn ) ;
in the phr. t e t r a u k - U I1 7, 6 etc. and tktrii t a t u r - (spelt) rn~dnidan 'to cause to taste'
sakln- T T V 22, 14-21 ; U I1 5 , 4 ff. the Sun. 15zr. 3 (d~tto):K o m . xrv ditto t a t f r -
word has no pejorative significance and seems CCG; Gr. 237 (quotn.): KIP. XIII dazmcaqa
to mean (to understand, or meditate) 'deeply, F a : m r - (sir) Hou. 40, 9.
thoroughly, through and through' - t e r s D tk:tiir- (d-) Caus. f. of t&-; survives with
t e t r u (sic) k o r i i m o r i t d i m i z e r s e r 'if we have the same meaning in SW Az. dbdirt- (sic);
caused false (Iiend.) omens to arise' T T I V 8, Osm. dedlr-Idedirt-. Cf. I tet-. Xak. X I
74; 0.0. of t e r s tetrii T T V I 331 ; VII 40,37; 01 a n d a g t8:tiirdi: kallafn !mtld qila kadd
VIII 0 . 2 : Civ. t e t r u sakinq T T I 110: Xak. 'he arranged for it to be said thus' Kaz. III
SI tetrii: (sic) al-ntn'ktis 'inverted', of anything 186 (t8:turiir, te:turme:k): X a a r . XIII(?)
l i n ~I.4 2 o ; (after tet-) and one says 01 a9a:r (there was a stretch of uncultivated steppe)
t 8 t r u (sic) bakdl: nhdaqn'l-tia?ar ilaylti 'he m u g a Giirqet tetiirurler (?d-d-) e r d i 'they
stared fixcdlv at him'; and one says of a hand- had it called Curqet' 02.261.
some man .(of-ronril) aga:r t8trii: baksa:
b o l m a : ~'a man cannot stare fixedly at him'; D tldtur- Hap. lep.; Caus. f. of ti:d-; prob.
tun gad yaktin bi-mn'n8 na~ari'l-gazr 'and it here 'to let oneself be obstructed'. Uyg.
(also) means "looking askance"' 11 2?2: KB i Bud. T T VII 40, 19 (bogun-).
v r ~ ff.
y a r a g l ~ gyaragsiznr t6trU kiiriip ; looking
closely at his useful and useless qualities' 328; S todur- See todgur-
(if you love somcone his faults become virtues) D t u t u r - Caus. f. of t u t - ; 'to order to seize'
karnug tetriisi 09 'everything crooked about etc. S.i.a.m.l.g., usually as tuttur-. Xak. xt
him is straight' 536; 0.0. (all pejorative) 1670, 01 a g a r ~t t u t u r d ~ :'he set ( e r a ) the dog on
lyoz, 1984, 5507: Ktp. S I V dbtrii: bak- him to seize him' (li-~o'vn'srrdaht~;this la
nnznra hdddn(n) 'to look intently at (someone)' irregular; pra~nmatically ~t should mean 'he
Id. 48. ordered him to seize the dog'); and one says
PU t u d r q Hap. lep.; so spelt, hut ?read -d-. (qnd ytiqdl) t u t t u r d ~ :(this was no doubt the
Argu: XI t u d r y of-zibl 'dung' Kay. I 453. original tcxt, it has been changed by a later
hand to tiitgurdi:) originally it contained
?E t u t r u g Hap. leg.; n.m.e.; prob. an error three td's, a t tutturdl: with -tt- (mtr$addada),
for *tutzug, see tutsug. Xak. xr iglig and one of them was elided as an abbreviation
tutrugl: e:d b o l u r wa$ijmtull-marid iakiin (taxf$a(n)) Kaf. I1 73 ( t u t t u m r , tutturme:k;
Iahu f Z l hasnn 'a sick man's will is a good this spelling may be a deliberate correction by
omen for him' Ka$. 179, 13. a later scribe, cf. tutus-; it is unlikyly to be
original); b e g ogri:n~: tutturdl: the beg
D t u t r u k Hap. leg.; this is the reading in all ordered the capture (bi-axd) of the thief, and
three MSS. and can be explained as a Pass. he was captured' 11 174 ( t u t t u r u r , t u t t u r -
Dev:N./A. fr. tutur-, lit. 'one who is ordered ma:k; spelt with two td's, not a toydid): SIV
 D I S . V. U D R -
Muh.(I) arvfd 'to hequeathe' tutu:r- Rij. 105 L) titrey- ( ? d-) Co-op. f. of titre:-; 'to
(this is the likeliest of several meanings of shiver, shake, etc., topether'. Survives in SW
awsd in this context and the likeliest transcrip- Osm, ditrev-. Xak. xr kigl: t u m l ~ g d ~ n
tion of the 'I'urkish word which is unvocalizcd, tltregdk: 'the people (all) shivered (irta'nda)
hut it might be an error for tutu:z-, q.v.): because of the cold'; also used of a thing
Xwar. xrv t u t u r - 'to order (someone Dnt.) when it shakcs (fozn!rznlrn) Knl. 11 217 (tlt-
to accept (a cornmand .4cc.)' Qrrth 185: Kom. re$ii:r, t1tregme:k): xrl~(?)Tcf. tltreg- 303:
s ~ 'to
v order to hold' t u t u r - C C G ; Gr. Gag. xv ff. titrey- ha-hntn larzi~lnt~
'to tremble
together' Snn. 180v. zh: X w a r , xrlr titreg-
I< tiitiir- in (JSp. Itrde.~ is an error for ditto 'Ali 54: O s m . srv (titre$- 'to tremble
tuytur-. (in awe)' 7'7's I V 232.
titre:- (?d-) 'to shivcr, shake'. S.i.a.11i.l.g.
usually as titre-Ititire-; N W Kk., No? I'rls. V D R
dirilde-; Kaz. derelde- may he a Sec. f.; In l'U tatirga: Iiap. leg ; the word is sliahtly
S\V Az. rlitre-Ititre-; Osni. tiitre-; l'kni. misplaced under -IC- hctwccr~tnrarku: and
titre-. Cf. bez-. Uyg. vlrr ff. Bud. U 111 tavilku: and may be nlis-spclt. Xak. xr
53.30 (etc.) (bez-); do. 8, 5 : Civ. (the branches t a t ~ r g a :al-qndom mnhzcn cild ohyad ntoribtig
of the larch) m i 0 torlugin titreyiir 'shiver 'white tanned skin' Kap. I 4 8 9 (this seems to
a thousand \vays' T T I 164; b a : ? ~ titre:r require some meaning like 'vcllurn' for al-
'his head shakes' VIII 1.4: (Xak.) xr~r(?)Tef. qodarn, but it is not in the dicts.).
titre- 'to shake, shiver' 303: xtv Mrth. irta'ada
'to tremble' titre:- nfel. zz, 5; Rif. 103; I> tuturgu: Hap. leg.; Dev. N./A. fr. tutur-.
11nrmhn 'to move' (Trans.; ? read ?~nraka) Xak. xr tuturgu: ne:o goy' !~nqqtrhrr y~i'az
ditre- 40, 19 (130 tepre-); Rbf. ykr titredi jihi 'something to be rccom~ncnded'Kat. 1489.
'the earth shook' R III 1391 : C a r . xv ff. I'U?Ftuturka:n 'rice'; spelt clearly with -k-
titre- (spelt) lnrzidnn 'to shiver, tremhle' Snn.
in T T V I l l and hkj.; other UyB. spellings are
18c)v. 1 2 (quotns.): Kom. x ~ v'to tremble,
quake' titre- CCI, C C G ; Gr. 246 (quotns.):
anlbiguous; later forms all havc -a-; unless it
is a 1.-w., which is quite possible for a cotn-
KIP. xlv ditre- irta'adn frl. 48; s v ditto tltre- modity like rice, it is hardly likely to be a basic
Trrh. 6b. 7 ; m'da 'shudder' t i t r e m e k do. word, but there is no scmantic connection with
17a. 4 : znlkln 'earthquake' dittn do. r7h. 10: t u t u r - . An early (?XI\.) I.-rv. in hlong. as
O s m . x\. ff. ditre- 'to shiver, quake, tremble'; trrttrrgnn (see N. Poppe, Mongol'skii sloonr'
c.i.a.p. T T S 1 2 1 3 ; I11 201; I V 232. Mrrhnddimot nl-Adnh, Rloscow-I,eningrad,
U titret- ( ? d - ) Caus. f. of titre:-; 'to shake 1938, p. 356), hut obsolete in Turkish soon
(qornrthing), to make (it) trcmhle', etc. aftcr that dntc. Uyg. vlrr ff. Bud. t u t u r k a n
S.i.s.ln.l. Uyg. vIrr ff. Rlan. 111 I 18, 4 (ii) s l ~ v s t ~ 'rice
g witic' IZiicrr-ts. 1041-2: Civ.
(butar1a:-): Bud. 7'T X 450-1 (tepret-): tuturka:n T T 17111 1.13 (burcak); livl a81
(Xnk.) srv ilfrrh.(?) n'mda foymhir 'to shake t u t u r k a n t6tir 'its (appropriate) food offering
sonleone' titre:t- Rif. 103 (only): Gag. xv ff. is said to bc rice' V I I 14, 28: Xak. xr (undcr
titret- Caus. f. Inrziinidnrr 'to rnake (some- -K-) tuturka:n a/-lrrrrz 'rice' KO$. I 521 : X I V
thing) shiver, tremhle'; also used as an Intrans. Alr,h. a/-rrrrcz t u t u r e a m Afd. 78, I ; Rif. 181 :
(I;,-itn) for larzidon Son. 18911. 27 (quotns.): Gag. xv ff. t u t u r g a n / t u t u r g ~(the
~ latter an
Klp. S I V nl-hwmmri'l-hdrida 'a cold fever, error, nlin read as waw) in Mong. (sic)
ague' d i t r e t m e k (spelt -mak in error) Bltl. 'rice' (birinc), i r ~Ar. urtrz San. 169v. 12: Kom.
xrv 'rice' t u t u r a a n C C I ; Gr.: KIP. xrlr nl-
9, 16. -rirrrz ru:turga:n Ifott. 9, 16: XIV t u t u r g a n l
D tetriil- Pass. f. of *tetur-, see tetru:; 'to t u t u r g a n al-razz fd. 64: 01-t~rtrzt u t u r g a n
he turned round, reversed, perverted', and the Bul. 6, I S : xv dittn Kav. 63, 13; lirh. ga. I.
like. N.0.a.h.. alrvays with -e-. Uyg. vtrr ff.
>Ian. a z bilig Cyin tetru1mekig 'being per- D t a t l r l l g Hap. leg.; P.N./A. fr. tatlr. Xak.
vertcd hv lust' T T II 16, 25-6; 0.0. do. 34-5, XI t a t ~ r l ~ygk r nr+ dzt codad rua rnlribn
46-7: Bud [teltriilmig ba$Iik k ~ l d a q islz 'smooth, hard ground' Knl. 1494.
[xan] iiskindekilerig 'yo11 make those who
stand before the king confused(?)' Hiien-ts. Dis. DI>S
2065-6: Xak. xr yB:l tetriildi: 'the wind 1) t u t s l k Dev. N./A. tr. tut-. N.0.a.b.
veered (inqnlobn) from south to north or north Tiirku vlrl (there has never been a better
to south'; and one says tetriildi: ne:g 'the place than the otiiken mountain forest) 61
thing was reversed and inverted' (inqnlaba . . . t u t s l k y 8 r o t i i k e n ylg e r m l p 'the otiiken
ccn'n'nkosn): and one savs e r k r l ~ k tetriildi:
~: mountain forest was the place which controls
'the man's conduct (eic.) deteriorated' (sci'a) the realm' I S 4; a.o. I S 10-11, II N 8
KO?.11229 (tetrulii:r, tetrii1me:k). (Blsik).
D tatrug- (?da:drug-) Hap. Ieg.; Rec~p.f. of D(S) tutsl12 'a \trill, testament'; prob. a Sec.
ta:tur-. Xak. XI ola:r bi:r ikindi:ke e t f. of *tutzuR Dev. N. fr. tutuz-, for which
t a t r u q d ~ :'they gave one nnother meat (etc.) t u t r u g , q.v., is prob. a scribal error. N.0.a.b.;
to taste' (addqn) Kay. I1 217 (tatrugu:r, cf. xuma:ru:, and, fnr the form, I tiitsiig.
tatrugma:k). Xak. xr t u t s u g nl-runriya 'a will, testament';
 DIS.
one says m e n a g a t t u t s u g tutuzdum D tutug/tutiiq (?tutog) Dev. N./A. (connot-
owyoytuhir bi-wasiya '1 made a will in his ing reciprocity) fr. tut- ;with various meanings,
favour' Kay. 1462. usually 'quarrel' and the like. For the voca-
lization see tutu(-; consistently spelt tiitiig; all
D(S) 1 tiitsiig 'incense' and the like; prob. a modem forms have back vowels. Survives as
Sec. f. of *tiitziig, Dev. N. fr. tiitiiz-; owing tutag meaning either 'continuous, complete',
to the ambiguity of the Uyt. script this may in or 'touching. adjacent' in SE Turki; NC
fact be the Uyc. form. Survives in SW Az. Kir., Kzx.; SC Uzb.; NW Kk., Nog. (tutaa);
tiitsii 'smoke'; Osm. tiltail 'fumigant, in- Kumyk; SW O m . ; tudugltutug ditto in NE
cense'; 'I'km. tiissit 'smoke'. Uyg. virl ff. Alt., Tel., Tuv.; SW Tkm., and tutlla 'quarrel,
Man. IVind. 36-7 (ur-): Chr. a r r g t i i t ~ U f $ fight' in N E Khak. Uyg. vlrr ff. Bud. (he
'pure inccnse' M 111 49, 1 2 (ii): Bud. kiijl pacifies) alku k o r aylg tiitiig kerig karig-
ttitstig 'incense sticks' U I1 40, 105-6; 47. m a k i g 'all damaging, evil quarrels (Hend.)
77; epgii ylpltg ylparllg tiitsiig kiiyiiriip and disputes' U I1 58, 4-5 (i): Civ. tiitiig
'burning sweet-scented, fravant incense' T T kerigte tezgil 'fly from quarrels (Hend.)' T T
V 8, 72-9; 0.0. U II 61, 6; 1.7' VII 40, 60; I 48; 0.0. of tiitiig kerig do. 177, 180; VII
Suv. 129, 8 ; 424. 10-12 (tiitiin); USp. 101, 28, 5; (if a man misbehaves in what he does)
I I ; ~ o z b 2, 1 : Xak. K B k a y u s ~elig s u n d l tiitiig bolur 'a quarrel ensues' TT I 195; 0.0.
tiitsiig t u t a r 'some stretch out their hands, do. 196; VII 33, 16; 36, 5: Xak. XI (after
holding incense' 98: Gag. xv ff. tiitsi d12d wn tapig 'mutual trust') (VU) tutu9 aflab laf?p(n)
baxtir 'smoke, fra~rantodour' San. 169v. 9 : minhri, al-mir'cisa& a stronger expression,
Xwar. X I I I diitsi 'smoke' 'Ali 57: xlv tiitsii 'clinging to one another' K ~ J .1 367: KB
ditto Quth 191. (wine is an enemy) k i l ~ n g (VU)
i tutu* bold1
?E 2 tiitstig 'hostile'; 1 tiitsag, though it k ~ l k ul r u g 'its actions are quarrelsome and its
occurs in K B , is not listed in the present text conduct pugnacious' 2098; 0.0. 2651, 4247
of Kag., and it seems likely that some word (teplz), 4586 (axsumla:-): Xwar. xrv tutu$
meaning 'incense', prob. al-baxtir, followed riiza t u t m a g l l 'do not fast continuously'
tiitsiig in Kay. I476 and was followed by some Nahc. 260, 15; a.0. 416, 14.
word meaning 'hostile'; as the next word is
tiirpig, the second consonant might have .D tii:deg N./A. of Assocn. lit. 'having hair the
been -t-, -$-, or -d-, but some word ending in same colour', but used more indefinitely. Pec.
-g and cognate to thtrii:, tbtriil-, possibly which to Xak. Xak. xr any class (cinr) of things
* t h u g is the likelicst. Xak. X I (PU) tiitsiig resemble (yuybih) one another is caIled
klgi: a[-mitya!~in 'a hostile person' Kag. 1476. tii:deg ne:g, derived fr. tii: 'hair' (01-fa'r); one
says of an animal bu: a t ne: tii:liig 'what are
Dis. V. DDS- the markings (yiya) on this hone?'; and -deg
harf miisdhoba rca muqdrana 'a Particle con-
D t u t s u k - Emphatic Pass. f. of tut-; 'to be noting companionship and association' . . .
caught, seized', etc. N.0.n.b. Uyg. VIII ff. tii:de$ mnqcirin21'l-lawn wa'l-jiya 'of the same
Bud. o g r ~o g u r l a s a r t u t s u k s a r 'if a thief colour and markings' Kay. I 406-7; a.0. I11
steals and is caught' TT VI 110: Xak. xr e r 207 (tii:): K B adag11 kadaglt ikigiin tiideg
yagr:ka: tutsukdt: the man was captured 'friends and kinsmen are like one another'
(tixida) by the enemy' Kay. I1 7.27 (tutsuka:r, (English 'birds of a feather') 3485; ko91i
tutsukma:k). tiideg 'like minded' 572L
T r i s . DDS
D t u t g ~ 'constantly,
: continuously'; Dev. Adj.1
D *tiitsiiglilg P,N./A. fr. 1 tiitsiig; 'contain- Adv. fr. tutug-. N.0.a.b.; common in Xak.;
ing ~ncense';n.0.a.b.; the omission of -8- is the original form tutu$^: (tutogl:) does not
prob. inadvertent; log is a Chinese I.-w. Uyg. occur, but the Sec. f. tuta:gl: occurs in Xak.;
V I I ~ff. Bud. (then the oficiating priest must often corrupted to tutql: and even (mefri
take black incense sticks (kiiji), recite the gratia?) t u ~ p : ,which is prob. the common-
dhdrani seven times, and) tiitsliliig (sic) logda est form in KB. Uyg. vrrr ff. Man. t u t ~ l
ktiytirmig k e r g e k 'burn them in the censer' iiziiksiiz 'continuously and uninterruptedly'
T T V r 2 , I 30 (and see note). TT 111 26, 41: Xak. XI t u t g ~ :a[-yay'u'l-
-muqCrinu'l-mucCmir 'something associated or
D tiitsiigliik A.N. (Conc. N.) fr. 1 tiitsiig; adjacent'; one says anlg y6:ri: m e n i y6:rke: ~
'censer'. N.0.a.b. Uyg. vlrr ff. Bud. eliginde tutgl: 01 'his land is adjacent to (i.e. con-
tiitsiigliik t u t a b u tiitsiigiig u r u p m e n i tinuous with) mine'; -$- and -$- are close to
o k ~ z u n'let him take a censer in his hand, put one another (tataqdrabdn) here and one
this incense in it, and call on me' Suv. izg,7-9. (also) says tut$I:: tuta:Ql: an alternative form
VUD tudastz Priv. N./A. fr. tuda:, q.v. ; pec. (luga fihi); one says m e n saga: tuta:gi:
to Uyg. and used only in Hend. with apasiz, b a m r m e n 'I am constantly (dC'iba(n)) going
q.v. to you' Kay. 1423; about a dozen 0.0. of tut$1:
often translated abada(n) 'everlastingly': KB
Dis. DD$ the word meaning 'constantly, continuously' is
D ti:d~gHap. leg.; Dev. N. (connoting reci- common, the form depends on the position in
procity) fr. tt:d-. Xak. xr tl:d~gal-mumdna'a the verse, tutagi (u - -) 31 (ulam), 434, etc.;
'mutual obstruction' Kay. 1407. tutgi(- -) 41,878; tuqi -) I 19,126(evren),
(W
 402, (iigdil-), ctc.: X I I I ( ? )Trf. tutaql xrv tutaq-/tutu?- ditto ()rr!h rR7-8: KID.
d ~ t t o 314: Xwar. X I V tutgl/tut$u ditto X I I I ixtnsnnrn 'to cluarrel' tutu$- (-ell) Hoit.
Qutb 188. 37. 3: X I V ditto frl. 37: xv bliqn min qadhi'l-
-zand 'to catch fire from a str~ke-a-light'
Dis. V. DDS- tutap- Tulr. 26a. 8.
D trdlp- Hap. leg.; Recip. f. of t1:d-. Xak. T r l s . DDS
X I ola:r bl:r h1:rlg tldlgtl~:tnntdno'8Ji yny'i(t8)
'they obstructed one another over sonicthing' S tuta:$t: See tutgl:.
Kaf. II 93 (t@~$u:r,trd~$ma:k).
11 ttitiigliig (?tiitij$lug) I'.N./A. fr. tutu$;
I) tttig- (d-) Co-op. f. of t ~ t - 11.0
; a.b. Xak. 'quarrelsome, ~nutually hostile'. N.o.a.b.
X I ol tnagn: yug tltlgdc: 'he Iicll>ecl me to IJyR. ~ I I ff. I Bud. 0 t h suv11 t e g ttitiigliig
plyck (/i rmoJj) the \vool I>y hand so that it h o l u t 'tllcy hcco111eniutunlly hostile, likr fire
m ~ g h tbe spun' (yrgzal); also used for com- and water' 7.7' V I 64-5; VIII 0.8 (spelt
peting and when two people tear (i~~nznqa) one totii$lug): Civ. sozlemig savrg tiilii$liig
another's clothes KO$. I1 89 (trtl$u:r, t ~ t ~ g -'whatever you say meets with oppositiott' 7'7'
ma:k, altered from or to ( ? ) -me:k): Xwar. I 38 (cf. yagl:l~g).
X I I I (VCJ) dldi$- (sic) 'to tear one another,
quarrel' 'Ali 57. Dis. DDY
1) tutuy-/tiitti$- (?tuto$-) Recip./C:o-op. f. I) t u t y a k Dcv. N. in -yak fr. t u t - ; this seems
of tut- ; un the variations in \~ocalizatiott,which to be the only vccurrence of this Sufi',; it might
are nut quite without parallel but hare no bc an early exarnple of the sound change -0- 1 I
obvious explanation, see Ka?. and cf. tutu91 -a-, and thus a Scc. f. of -yuk which may
tutu?. S.i.a.m.1.g. w. a variety of meanings, in otiginnlly have bccn -yak just as the Pass.
some languages as tutag- (which points to an Dev. N/A. Suffix - u k was originally -ok; for
original form tutog-) and in others as tutug-, this same sound change see tutu$, tutug-.
cf. tutugltutiig. Uyg. V I I ~ff. Bud. tiitiigtip Normally used to translate the Buddhist tech-
'lighting' (all kinds of incense sticks) U II nical term upddGno 'grasping'. Chinese ch'ii
47, 77; iki 6lig t u t u s u p (sic) 'clasping the (Giles 3,118)~the fourth of the twelve links
two hands' T T *V 26, 88; tiktiiggegi kerlg- in the chain of Nidiina. Pec. to Uyk. Uyg.
gegi bolur they become quarrelsome V I I I ff. Man. o t tegrinig tegri y e r ~ n d e k l
(Hend.)' U 11181, I : Civ. tiltuggiiliik e m g e k tutyakllg [long gap] 'the Fire God's . . . in
b a r 'there is the pain of conflict(?)' T T 1 7 2 ; the country of the Gods' M 111 36, 9 (iii)):
edgii ogli tutugdag~(sic)'clinging to the well- Bud. tutynkta iitgliril k111tiq bolur 'action
disposed I'II I 7.23; siisgunl a r k a s l tutugur (bhooa) conies bout precisely from graspin#
his back (Hend. ?)grips him pninfully(?)' do. 25, (irpiid61tn)' U II 8, 22-3; 0.0. do. 6 . 8 ff.; in
4: Xak. X I o1a:r ikki: tutugd1:la:r 'they do. 6, 9-10 niis-spelt (or mistranscribed?)
i
seized (n.snda) one another'; also used of t u t a y a k ; in do, I I , 2-t4 i-eplaced by tutyak-
anything that sticks (losiqa) to something else l a n m a k ; ((bring a11 your wealth here quickly)
(tutuyu:r, tutupma:k); and one says 01 tutyakstz k o ~ i i l i nb u y bbrgiiliik 'to give
rnaga: keyik (VU) tutupdl: 'he helped me it away in films with an ungrasping mind'
to catch ('ald oxd) the wild animal' (etc.); also U I I I 12, 12).
for competing; and one says ola:r ikki:
tiitu$di:le:r 'those two quarrelled' (tqci- Dis. DDZ
coni) (tiitu$ii:r, tiitiigme:k); the original VU?D titiz 'unplcnsant' nnd the likc; there is
form (al-all) is the first Kay. 1188; tutu$kall: some semantic contiection with 2 t6t- and it
(sic) yak~gtl: 'they drew near one another should perhaps be spelt tetiz, and takcn as
to seize (1;-qa'xr~f) one another' I 170, r9; a Dev. N./A. Survives in SW Osm. titiz
tiitiigrnegin$e: tiiziilme:$ 'without quarrel- 'peevish, captious, meticulous', and the like.
ling (a/-tojficrrr) one cannot be reconciled' II Xnk. XI titiz ne:g 'anything with a bitter (or
71, r j (in Kq.at any rate the implication is pungcnt, '(ifis) taste, like the taste of a niyro-
that tutiig- means 'to quarrel' while tutu$- balan' (il~liluc)Ka$. 1365: xrv Af~rh.(?)(after
conveys all the other meanings): KB m a g a 'sweet, sour, hitter, salty') knrih 'disagreeable,
kelse (VU) t i i t ~ u'if he comes to quarrel unpleasant' tlti:z (MS. titi:r) Rif. 165 (only).
with mc' 815; k a n t 01 tiitiigugli dunyH
iipin 'where IS the man who fought for the D *tutzug See tutsug.
sake of this world?' (this world remains, but D *tiitziig See tiitsiig.
he died by violence) 6442: XIII(?)Tef. tutag-
(sic) (of a fire) 'to catch light' 315: XIV told-
znrrra 'to cleave to one another' dutug- Me!. Dis. V. DDZ-
47, 7 and I S ; fitn:$- Rif. 133: @g..xvff. D tutuz- CRIIS.f. of t u t - ; 'to entrust (some-
tutu$-/tutaglag-Recip. f. ham-digar-rdgznfran thing Arc., to someone Ijat.)' and the like.
' -- one another' Son. 168v. 13 (quotns.); N.0.a.b. Tiirku V I I I [gap] t u t u z t ~ :eki:si:n
' J*r-p.iriflan usually in the mean- 021: a l t u z d ~ 'he : ordered to grasp . . . and hini-
=-*) or 'to strike up' (a self had two of then1 takcn' I R 38: Uyg.
' - -10 (quotns.): V I I I ff. Man. (you have shown the bridge of the
O l i 48: true doctrine; you hare taught the excellent
 doctrine in the mind) [small gap] lduk anq- III I j3 (prov.) and nearly 70 0.0.: K B yazl
( u n l j a n k a tutuztuguz 'you have entrusted t a g 'plains and mountains' 21, 69, 96, etc.:
. . . to the divinely hlessed community' T T II! XIII(?)Tef. ta:g/ta:g ditto 281: X I V Muh. a[-
57: Bud. sizige t u t u z u r m e n 'I entrust to you -cabal da:k (sic) Mel. 24, 1 3 ; ta:g Rif. 178;
(my beloved son) PP 25, 5; 0.0. do. 67, 8; U qullatu'l-cobal 'the crest of a mountain' da:g
I1 34,9; I11 27, 18; 83,9(urungak); Hiien-IS. ba:gx: Mel.; ta:g ba:91: Rif. do. : F a g . xv ff.
273, 1952: Civ. yagrrtu tutuzup 'entrusting t a g hlih 'mountain' (also 'tamarisk' a Pe.
(property to them) afresh' USp. 88, 18-19: I.-w.) San. 157r 16: Xwar. XIII(?)tag ditto
Xak. X I m e n aga:r so:z t u t u z d u m 'I com- is common in Og.: xrv ditto Qutb 168: Kom.
municated (aw'azftr) a statement to him, or X I V 'mountain' tagltav CCI, CCG; Gr.: KIP.
something which he ought to bear in mind' xi11 al-cabal ta:g Hou. 5, 17: xrv ditto fd. 64
(jltrd'i) Kay. 11 86 (tutuzur, tutuzma:k); (tag); Bul. 3, 9: xv al-cabal ta:g, also called
n.o.1462, c)(tutsua): KB bayatka t u t u z d u m t a w bi'l-wdw Kav. 58, I I ; cabal t a w 'a130
m u m 'I have entrusted him (my son) to God' with -g Tuh. Ira. 9.
1483; 0.0. 1578, 3816, 38344 6184 - (after ;
speech) yana o k tutuzdl 'he then added S 2 ta:g See t a k (Xak.).
(another speech) 501I . t a k in the early period occurs only in associa-
D tiitiiz- Caus: f. of a t e : - ; 'to fi~mi~ate'. tion with m u g (bug) 'sorrow, distress', but
Uyg. vrrr ff. Civ. H I 22-3 (ara:): Xwar. seems to mean something like 'need'. N.0.a.b.;
xlv (he washed his face) t a k ~iizir~e 'fid the t a k which has various meanings in several
tiittizdi 'and fumigated himself with aloe modern languages cannot be satisfactorily con-
wood' Nahc. 33, I : KIP. xv baxsara 'to fumi- nected with this word. See Doerfer I1 860.
gate' tiitiiz- ('rkm. buklat-) Ttrh. 8r. lo. Tiirkti v i ~ rff. Man. Chuos. 200, 251 (bug):
UY&. V I I I ff. Bud. PP 26. I (bun): Xak. xr
.,.-,- -.,.,
1 1 15. U U f i
m-un ta:g 'wisdom tooth' KO$: IIi'lro (bun):
K B - ~<bug): ~I Xwar. xrrr >ti%qafi-iak'Gs
VUD titizlik A.N. fr. titiz; survives in SW strength is exhausted' 'Ali 57 (perhaps belonp
Osm. tltizlik 'peevishness, fastidiousness', here): Osm. xv gergi a n G a r m a g a n a t a k ~
etc. Xak. XI tltizlik al-'ofrisa 'bitterness. vok
* - 'it is. tnle that
.. . ...-. he
... has n..o n ~ e dnf
..~--
. -.gifts' 0.-
pungency',
. , like the taste of msrohalan Kay. TTS 1670.
t ~ : kthe colour of a hone's coat; the At. words
Mon. DG used to translate it are apparently imprecise,
1 dn:g/da:fj Pec. to Ka$. whose etymology in hut the colour seems to have been some
this case may he correct. Argu: X I da:g/da:g kind of 'roan', dark o r light. N.0.a.b. Tilrkii
(sic) a Particle (hnrf) meaning laysa 'it is not'; vrir R. t l g a t IrkB 50; a.o.? do. 39 (tetrli:);
one says 01 a n d a g da:k 01 'it is not so'; and in Toyok 11 (ETY I1 58) t~:gta:q 'a brown
the Oguz took it from them (the Arh:) and (?) stone' is associated with the moon (this
changed their phr. da:g 01 and said tegiil document is based on a Sogdian document
meaning laysa, because the 0 i u z are neigh- with Man. associations): Xak. xr tl:g a t al-
bours of Areu:, and in their phraseology mixed -faras bayna'l-ayqar wa'l-kumayt 'a horse with
with them (fi audzihirn mrrxda!a Bihim) Kat. a coat hctween roan (bay, sorrel, or chesmut)
I11 153; a.o.1393 (tegiil). and reddish brown (or dark bay)' Kof. I11 127.
F 2 da:g 'a livestock brand'; in spite of Ko$.'s 1 to$ 'dust'; an early 1.-w. in Mong. as
remarks a I.-u.. fr. Pe. d Z f ; s.i.s.m.1. See to'ort~n (the -sun a common Mong. Suff.;
tagla:-, t6gU:n. Xak. xr da:g 'the bmnd' Haenisch 151); survives only(?) in SE TUrki
(al-kajy) with which horses and other live- t o g 'dirt which as the result of a dust storm
stock are branded (yiisam); this word comes gathers on the leaves of trees and bushes'
from the Turks and it should not be said that J m n g 309. Cf. 1 to:z. Uyg. xrv Chin.-W>$.
it is a word of the Persians (01-furs), because Dicl. 'dust' t o g (VU) t a m e l Ligeti 265: Xak.
they have no livestock (darudbb) so as to hove XI to:g 'the dust (a!-habe') which rises from
names for marks on them (li-simdtihim asmd'); horses' hooves' K ~ FIII. 127; a.0. 111 183, I
I heard this word in the Moslenl frontier posts (tug-): KB t u g a keldi t o g 'the dust rose'
(fi !!I&-ri'l-Isldm) Kay. I11 153: xrrr(?) Tef. 5672; 0.0. 1773, 4893 : Gag. xv ff. t o g Ioz . . . ,

d a g a mark' (put by God on a man's fore- @bar ma'ndnna 'dust' Vel. 213 (quotn.; only):
head) I 16. Xwar. xrv yiiziimdeki tognl kiterdi 'he
wiped away the dust on my face' Nahc. 153, 2.
1 ta:g (d-) 'mountain'. C.i.a.p.a.l., usually as
t a g or t a w ; in NE Tuv.; NW K r ~ mSW; Az., ID 2 to:g the basic meaning seems to be some-
Osm. d a g ; Tkm. da:g. See Doerfer I1 859. thing like 'obstructed; obstruction, barrier',
Tilrkii vrrr (VU) Togkeg taeda: 'on the and the like; if so perhaps a Dev. N./A. fr.
Tiiqkeg mountain' II S 8 ; I E 12 (Bn-) a.o.0.: to:-, and also perhaps the origin of a word
vrrr ff. t a g iize: 'on a mountain' I r k B 17; meaning 'barren' (of an animal, i.e. ? 'with an
a.o.0.: Uyg. vllr komiir tagda: 'at the Coal obstructed womb') which survives as NE Sag.,
Mountain' Su. N 8 ; a.o.0.: vrrr ff Bud. t a g $or t o g R III I 157; Koib., Sag. t u g do. 1430;
'mountain' is common; see also t a g d l n : Civ. NC Klr., Kzx. tu:. Tiirkii vrlt (we marched
.
ditto:. Xak. XI ta:g al-cabal 'mountain' Kaj. for ten days) y a n t a k ~ t: o g evlrii: 'skirting the
 464 MON. D c
spurs trn the side (of the ~nourttains)' T 26: kiikredi urclr n a w h e t trlkt Y:I$III y a ~ n n t l ~
Uya. V I I I (I'U) Kutyar ( ? ,-y- ttncertain) t a g t a r t t l x a k a n tug1 'the clottd thilndcred and
tog~:n[long gap] 'the spurs of the Kutyar(?) the drumtners beat the drums; the lightning
mountain' $u. IV (a possible reading): V I I I ff. flashed and the xakan unfurled his standard'
Bud. anln 01 ogiiz suvlnl9 berii b u kalke 86; (he pave him the post of tuazir, a seal, a
kelgtiliik tog a g ~ z l ny e m i r i p s u v u g 601 title) tug1 kiivriigi 'his standard(?) and drum'
kemlgmiglerin k6rdl 'then he saw that they (and a suit of armour) 1036; a.o. 2553: xrv
had breached the mouth of the embankment Muh. al-'alam tu:k Mpi. 51, q ( R i f . 146
(hy reason of which) the water of that river siingu:): Kom. xlv 'flag' t o w C C I ; Gr.
came in this direction to this lake and diverted
the water elsewhere' St~o.602, 8-1 1 : Xak. X I 1) I tok Pass. Uev. N.lrl. fr. to:-; 'full,
to:g s;/zrrr~l-lnlj~ &adnln i n a strc.,mb; says satiated', and the like. S.i.a.m 1.g. w. some
suvka: to:g ur d,ae li'l.l,lz s;llr a daln extended meanings. T u r k i l V I I I (0 'I'iirku
astinst the \vaters; to:g s;dzc{ hl,ll people) tok a r k u k sen 'you are satiated and
stopper, obstruction to anything'; hence one refractory' I S 8, I1 N 6 ( ? so rci~d);bodun
tiir31"k to:gl: s;d,jlll,~l-/,lrrorc,, *something b o g a z ~ :tok ertl: 'the people's throats were
to.block up a smoke-hole (or window)s, etc, s:ttisIiecl' '1' 8: (Uyg. v ~ t rIf. C:iv. tok in LISP.
K ~ 1~11. Iz7: K R x l t a y kesse 3, 5 is a n error for hoe): X e k , X I tok ki$I:
arklg togl 'if a ban caravans cut off the aI-ins~i~rtr'l-ga'l~~~t 'a man who is satiated' Kaj.
China caravan' 4426. I 332; 1 3 5 8 , 5 ( t o k a ~ ) ,and 3 o.o.: K B a y
kagliirn tokl '0 thou of whom my mind is
1; tu:g 'a royal emblem', that is essentially full' 801; 0.0. 2721 (umdusuz), 4729, s3g4:
sorne kind of drum or standard; in the early "'V Rbi. k09liim tok1 R III 1144; Mtth. a/-
period it is not easy to decide which is meant, -fa'bCn to:9 Me/. 54, 15; t0:k if. 152: ~ a g .
Acc. to Kaj. the standard was a silk flag (no XV ff. tok 'satiated' (sir) opposite to 'hungry'
doubt an idea derived fr. China), but the (gllrslla) Son. 180v. 25: KIP. X I I I ~l-~a'bdlt
traditional Turkish standard was a horse's tail t o k HOII. 26, 5 ; 29. 19: xv ditto Id. 65 (t0:d-):
or a bunch of horsehair. No doubt a I,-w. fr. X V ditto Tf~li.2ob. 8.
Chinese t~ 'banner, standard' (Gile5 12,056; vu 2 tok llap,leg,, but see 2 tokluk; cf. ta:z,
I'ullcyt~lank, hliddle Chinese doh), see Xak. tok e r 'a marl who, like the Turks,
Llorr,er I I 969; the vowel in ,-hillese was has no hair on his head' (the implication is
oriEinnlly -o- and hccame -v- at some date 'close shaven' rather than '~~sturslly bald'); tok
is uncertain h u t presumably the y11k1: 'a hornless (01-acnmnr) animal', that is
Turks horrowed the word, since there is no One that has no horns Kai'
evidence of a pronunciation t o 7 in Turkish; 332'
OII the other hand in the case of totok, which 3 t o k i n the ~ { ~ d ~ tok ~ l tok
i ~a n~ olio-
t i ~ ~
occurs in Tibetan as torfog (see L ) ~ r r f ~11r 8741, tnatopoeic; see tok1:la:- and tok1:-. Xak. X I
the borrowing prob. occurred hefore similar t o k tok etti: 'the solid (ol-mrlsmn~) thing nlatle
sound changes took place in this word. An a noise (pnuroata) like one stone falling
enl-ly I.-w. in Mong. as ttrf (Harnisch 153); another'; and one says e r kissi: (sic) birle:
s.~.a.m.l.~. as t u g l t u w (NW Kk.)ltu:. U Y ~ . t o k t o k boldl: 'rough language was ex-
V r l l (1 sflid 'let us start a campaign') tug changed (~~aqa'nti'l-x~tjtina) between the man
t a ~ l k a rerikli: 'just a9 the standard was and rvomnn' (or husband and wife?) Kat. I
setting out' $11. E s : V I I I ff. (by the power of the 332.
divine Buddha to effect distinguished rebirths
(see kellg) you attain) kentii 621 t u g belgu
k ~ l m nom ~ l u~g et0zin belgiirtme etazin Mon. V. Di5-
'the DhormnkciJa and Nirmcinnkdja, which t a k - 'to fix, or attach (something Acc., to
make themselves their banner and distinguish- something Dat.)'; the early occurrences con-
ingsign' Ifiien-ts. 157; (hang this charm) t u g d a firm Kai.'s statement that in his period this
a l n m d a slir~iide 'on a banner, flag (Ar. Verb was OBuz, but it s.i.a.m.l.g.. and he
'nl~r~lr), or lance' USp. 104, 18; 0.0. U I1 38, does not so descrit)r t a k t u r - or t a k ~ l - . Uyg.
77 (1 u : ~ ) ;40, 107 ( u ~ r u g ) ;Ifiien-ts. 1 9 0 ~ vlrr tf. Civ. k u r n b a n d ~takzun T T VII 25,
((lrii): Xak. XI tu:g 'a drum or kettle-drum 19 (in a damaged passage; dubious, ktrm-
(a/-hCr tra'l-!ah/) which is beaten in the pre- bhd!t& is a kind of demon): O ~ U Z XI e r
sence of the king; hence one says xa:n tu:g b u r u n d u k but1u:ka: takdl: the tnan
urdl: dornbo'l-malihu'l-nan~~ba 'the king told fastened the leading rein to the camel's nose
his drummers to beat'; tu:g al-'alanl 'a Bag, peg'; also used of any cord, when it is fastened
standard'; hence one says tokuz tu:glu& to something Kaj. 11 16 (taka:r, takma:k):
xa:n 'a king or r a n who has nine standards'; Gag. xv ff. t a k - bastan 'to fasten' but only in
the nlln~herof nine standards is not exceeded certain special contexts (?narcfirid) such as 'to
(I; ytrzcid); if there are more than nine pro- put on' (ornaments), 'to fasten' (a cord or rope
vinces or titles of honour (?, al-wilGya wa'l- to sotncthing), 'to put on'(a bracelet or neck-
-ma~tzilo)they choose nine by lot(yotaf~'a1tin); lace), and the like San. 157r 25 (quotns.):
these nine king's standards are made of hro- Xwnr. X I I I dak-(and dag-) 'to fasten' 'Ali 13 :
cadc or orange silk (dibAc atu /tapir ndrinci) as Kom. XI\? tak- CCI; Gr. 235 (1 a:t): KIP.
the lots determine (!ajli'aIa(~r) bihi) Kaj. I11 xrv t a k - 'nNaqn 'to suspend (something frorn
127; 0.0. I r94 (un11-); 195, 2: KB b u l ~ t something)' fli. 6s.
 V U tag- 'to blunt (so~ncthinl: Acc.)'; so the Verh hecamc 'l'rans. 'to pive I)irth to (a
vocalized cvcrywhere, but the I'ass. f. is every- child)', etc. in some languages, and is now
where vocalized tagll- ; in the phr. bag1 tag- Trans. in NC Kzx.; S C Uzb., and some NW
the Verb seems to he used rnetaph. Pec. to languages; in NC Klr. tu:- is both Trans. and
Kay. Xak. X I o k bagaktn ta:g tlgdl: 'the Intrans.; in other languages the Caus. f. is
stone blunted (kallala) the point of the arrow', used for Trans., d o g u r - in SIV and t u g t u r -
that is removed (adhaba) its sharpness by or the like elsewhere. TUrkfi vlri ff. kiin
striking it Kas. I1 14(tlEa:r, t1gma:k); bulun tugdl: 'the sun rose' IrkB 26; a.0. do. 52:
bo:lup bag]: tlgdl: 'becoming a prisoner he Man. kentii t u g m l g krllnmlg 'the sponta-
bowed his head'(1a'ta'a ra'sahu; lit. 'he blunted neously born and self-created (gods)' Chuar.
his he:d') I 307, 18: e r e n ko:rilp bagr: I 14; ( i f we say that the sun and moon) e r k -
trgdl: when he saw (my) men, he veiled his sizitl t u g a r b a t a r 'rise and set involuntarily'
head and fled' (foqaiino'~~ m'rahrr wo haraba) Chiias. 24: Yen. on a y Bltdf: a g l m oglan
IZ 83, 24; in I11 230, 18 the correct reading t u g d l m 'I was born a boy carried (in her
secrns to be udu: kama: tkfpiin (unvocalized) womh) by my mother for ten months' Mal. 29,
t ~ g d l :(first letter undotted and marked with 5 ; o . n . do. 26, 2;4R, 5 : Uyg.vrrrff. Man.
fattia) 'then hc lowered and blunted (the baxgiltg b u r x a n tegri tugtuuuz 'you have
crown of) his head', hut the translation, which been born as a divine teaching Uurxan' T7'
is very loose, does not confirm this. 111 129-30; (under the influence of the IVind
God all kinds of shruhr, trees, and plants)
t l k - 'to thrust, squeeze, or cram (something t u g a r 'emerge (from the ground)' IVind. 8;
Acc., into something Dat.)'. S.i.a.m.1.g. a.o. do. I I : Bud. Sanskrit rnrdynjalajZtam ic~a
Uyij. V I I I ff. Man. (the detnons drag the lost 'as if born in dirty water' arlgslzlrg su:vta:
souls to hell and) topiisin togtaru t l k a r finmigig t e g a:zu tugmlglg (sic) t e g TT
'push them in head downwards' M II 13, 5 ; VIII D.36;jiitijorrim 'being born and growing
a.0. M 111 28, 4 (iii): Bud. tlkmtg e r d i u l u g old' tugma:k ka:rlma:k do. E.48; n e iiqiin
ligllziig tetrii n o m l u g taluyka 'he has thrust k a r ~ m a ko l m e k t u g a r 'why do old age and
the great river into the sea of false doctrine' death come about?' U I1 5, 14; t u g a tegltik
Hiien-ts. 1912-13: Civ. (if you crush garlic 'born blind' U I1 29, 14; 31'41; U 111 77, 20;
cloves and) Ikt k u l a k q n tolu t l k s a r 'push 0.0. PP 5, r ; U I 24, 6; V 111 36, 22 etc. : Civ.
them into hoth his ears (until they are) full' kiin t u g % (sic) 'at sunrise' T T VIII L.8;
H I 176-7: 8.0. I1 16, I I : Xnk. X I 01 ka:bkn: .
6ziimde t u g m l g . . o g l u m 'my own son'
u:n tlkdl: 'he forced (gadda) the flour into the USp. 51, z; in contracts t u g m l g t m 'my
container' (al-zar ); also used for anything descendants' is common do. 13, 12; 30, 17 etc.;
which is insertedinto a container by force a.0.o.: Xak. X I kli:n tugdl: 'the sun rose'
(rrd*ila j i rui'd hi-jidda) or by kicking or squeez- (fala'at); and one says ogul tugdl: 'the child
ing it; hence 'compressed grapes' (al-'indbu'l- was born' (wulida~) Kay. II 14 (tuga:r.
-mrttardkimu'l-!rabbnc) are called tlkma: uziim tugma:k; prov.); to:g tu:gdl: 'the dust
Kop. ZI 16 (no Aor. or Infin.): s i v Afrth. al- which was kicked rose' (safa'a) III 183
-$add d o k m a k (error for d l k m a k or dokl- (tu:ga:r, tu:gma:k; verse; the -u:- is prob.
m a k ? ) hfel. 34, 10; ditto unvocalized RY. an error, there is no other evidence for it and
120: Gag. xv ff. t ~ k nnb6$tan
- rua tapdndan 'to l k m . has dog-); nearly 20 0.0. in both senses:
fill up, cram' Son. 195r. 18 (quotns.): Kom. KB t u g - is common, c.g. t u g u g l ~6liir 'man
xlv 'to stop up' tlx- (or tlxa-?) C C G ; Gr.: is born and dies' 180; 0.0. 99, 234, 1932, etc.:
KIP. X I I I sadda (sic) 'to stop up, dam' tlk- xrr(?) KBVP t u g m l g Blindin p k l p 'leaving
Hou. 41, 2: X I V ditto (but Ilk-) Id. 65; Bi11. the country where he was born' 58: XIII(?)At.
47r.: xv ditto Kaer, 9, 12; !~a$d 'to fill up, Posfscripf t u g a klirmez e r d i 'he was born
stuff' tlk- do. 13, 17; hajd (sok- end) tlk- blind' 485; Tef. tug- 'to be born; (of the sun)
Tiih. rgb. l o ; sodda tlk- do. zqa. 4. to rise'; t u g a kozsiiz 'born blind' 305: X I V
Muh. tnla'a d u g - Mel. 20, 3; Rif. I W ; tug-
t o e - (d-) n.0.a.b.; the Cauc. f. togur- is 33, 8 ; 118; roulida d u g - 3 2 , s ; t u g - 116: Qag.
equally rare, except in the Ger. toguru:, q.v., xv ff, t u g - (-gan etc.) dog-/tog- Vel. 213
which still survives; the general connotation (quotns.); tug- zd'idan 'to be born'; metaph.
seems to be 'to go straight for (something !dIi' fr~dnn'to rise' SOIL I j8v. 14 (quotns.):
Acc.)' disregarding such things as curves in X w a r . SIII tug- 'to be horn; to rise' 'Ali 37,
the road. T u r k i i v111 (wading through the 45; t u g - ditto Qufb 181 (tog-); MN 262, etc.:
snow and) Kagmeil yl$rg toga: yorlp Kom. x ~ vtog-/tov-ftuv- ditto C C I , C C G ;
'marching straight on (or through?) the Gr. 247 (quotns. and note): KIP. xrlr (among
Kopmen mountain forest' I E 35, ZI E 27; (we the P.N.s) Aydugdl:/Aydugmug 'the moon
marched) [altu:n ytglg] toga: 'going straight rose (bazaia), that is was born' (r'ulida);
through the Altei mountain forest' I E 36-7 Kiindugdl:/Kiindugm~g similar translation
(I1 E 27 substitutes aga: 'crossing'). Hou. 29, 10-12: X I V d u g - !ala'a, originally
d u w - ; also tug- fd. 49; t u g - torrlida, hence
t u g - (d-) 'to he born', with some extended and Aytugmrg matdrid qomnr; Kiindugmls
~netaph.meanings. S.i.a.m.1.g. T h e vowel is matulrid joins; the meaning is hoth wnlida and
-u- in T?' C'III and all modern language fala'a do. 64: xv iala'a tug- Kau. 58, 9;
groups except SW where the form in Az., ojraqa 'to rise ant1 shine' d u e - Tuh. 6a. 3 ;
Osm., I k m . is dog-. In the medieval period Kundugdl, A y d u g d ~ noted as P.N.s do.
 MON.
42h. 9: O s m . xlv ff. clog- notcd in various - d a / - d e CC1, CCG; C r , ' 71, X r many
phi-. T T S 1 2 1 4 ; 1117.02; I V 2 3 1 quotns.): Klp. X I I I ny&(n(tr) is dag!:, and if you
wish to say qu'ln ay((o(n) you say da&: aylttl:
. . . and for n'riiri oyda(n) b6rgil dagt: or
tagl: n.o.a.b., in contexts supgesting that it is dagl: b e r g i l Nou. 56, 8: xrv takl: bi-n~a'nd
the fenlale of the kula:n, q.v.; if so 'frrnale of nyrln(n); arid it has brcn explained ($rrrilm; i.e.
the wild ass, Eqrrrrr hemiorr~rs'. Id.-w. in &long. in 'the grnrnmsticnl section, 150, 4 ff., q.v.);
as tnki 'wild horse, wild ass' (Kotu. 1656, takl: Zxar Id. 39: xp da:gl: oy&(n) Kav. 20,
I i ~ l f o d392). Uyg. slv Clrin-Uy2. Uict. see z z ; h q m d nnnnht~ like(\vise)' (yetle, gene)
ku1a:n. X a k . X I K B kulnn y H tag1 t u t t a k t d a g l , in'd thcy also mean nydn(tr) Tub. 3 r a. 8 ;
k o k teke 'capture the male or female wild ass a.0.o.: O s m . slv ff. d3x1 (in X I V arid xv also
d a & / d a k l ) n ~ t hsix or acvetl shnrlcs of menn-
arid thr grey he-goat' j375. InR; c.1.a.p. T 7 S 1 171; 11 250; 111 162; I V
?I) takr: (d-) prima facie Gcr. of t a k - used as 186 (there are no refccs. tr, d a h n r)r -ctn/-de
an Adv., I ~ u tthcre is this difticulty that rllcre in T T S ) .
is no cridencr that t a k - was ever *dak- wllile
the evidence that this word ori~inallyhad cl- VLJ 1 toga: 'illilcss'; n.o.a.lr. Not to I)c con-
is ur~usuallystrong. It is most often used in fused with tuGa:, Gcr. o f t u g - ( q . ~ . ) ,\shicli
the early period as a Conjunction at the occurs in such phr. ;is tuga: tegliik 'born
heginning of s sentence rneaning 'and; further- blintl'. UyR. vrlr H. Hud. l a t o e a 'illness'
tnore', or after one or two words rnraning ( I l c ~ ~ dU
. ) I 45, y ; 111 41, 4 (ii); Srrv. 592, 9
'also', but there are other usages which necd etc. (conlrnon); a.o. PP 67, 3- 4 ( ~ U S I C I :Civ.
):
n special study. S.i.a.m.l.g., sometimes as ig t o g a 7 T I 17: X a k , X I toga: 01-dii' zoo
taklltagl o r dakl/da& (in N C Klr.; NW Kk. tiqlu'l-nnfs 'illness, dyspnoea (diHicult hreath-
both tag1 and d a g l occur), sometimes (NE inR)'; hence one says i:g toga: same tmnsla-
Tuv.; S C Uzb.; N W Kaz.) in the extended tlon Kaf 111224.
form t a g ~ n ,sometimes as an enclitic ta/te/ S 2 toga: See 2 toku:.
d a l d e . I n S W Az., Osrn. enclitic d a / d e is
common; in Osm. two forms d a x l 'and, also' VU 1 toku: (?toke:) n.o.a.b., :llways in
and d a h a 'more' evolved; in Tkm. only d a g t . associntion with taro:, rl.v., in corltexts which
Tiirkii V I I I ff. I r k B 3 (tii:); 33 (ur-): Uyg. suggest some rnenning like 'traditional cerc-
V I I I ff. RIsrl.-A (nt the beginning of a sentence) monies'. 'Tl~e only possihlc survival srcnis to
t n k ~y e m c 'and aqain' A1 1 7, r ; 8, 4; (ditto) he S \ Y xx Anat. t o k a SDU 1372, which is
takr 'and' do. 8, 9 and 13 a.o.0.: Rtan. t a k l generally a sunival of 2 toku: but in one
'nnd' P'T I11 92 a.0.o.: Chr. (at the hcginning district is svn. w . diirli/diirii 'wedding pre-
of a new para.) t a k l y e m e 'and in addition' sent'. uyg: \.III ff. n u d . (when n mat1 dies,
[ I I 9, g : Ilud. t a k ~arid t a k ~y e m e at the they c h o o ~ can auspicious dnp and) u l u g torti
beginning of a sentrnce are common, and t a k l t o k u Cterler 'perform a great (firneral) cere-
'also' after one or two words: Civ. ditto; iiq mony' 7'7 V I 231 ; 0.0, of t b r u t o k u do. 285
yiiz t a k ~s e k i z a l t m q 'three hundred and (a firnernl). 334(a feast), 344(n weddina): X a k .
tifty eight' T T V I I g, 12-13: Xak. SI takl: a XI KU tiirii h n m t o k u o g d l yinvge t a p u k
Particle (!irrrf) meaning ny&l(tr) 'too, also'; u l u g l!Pcib Ctse a q a r yo1 k a p u g 'if the Chan-
hence one says takl: yarma:k b6:r 'give cellor observes the traditional Inw, cercmonies,
another (irvnr) dirham'; and it also occurs and custonls and (pcrforms) scrupulous scrvice
meaning mn'n 'with' in O g u z ; hence one says h e opens (all) ways and doors' 2490; torii
ol takl: s n d a : 'he too (n.vdn(n)) is there with y o k t o k u y o k y P m e k ~ l kktltny tiiriisiiz
I~inl'(rnnrn(t~))Kay. 111 226; the Turks say t a p u 8 ~ y1 a r u m a z e r i n q 'n servant \vho does
takl: mean in^ nydn(n) and the Oguz d a l c ~ : not observe the traditionill Intvs nnd cere-
I1 195, 26; a.o.0.: KB t a k ~'and, also' is corn- monies and is undisciplined in his character
nion both by itself and in association with and conduct is really useless' 3731): G a g . XV ff.
the enclitic - n ~ n / - m e ;it occurs both at the t o k n ashlib-i tncntrtnrrrl fotr ca!ci! 'formal
beginning of a sentence, e.g. t a k l 'and' 874; clothing nnd cquiprnent'; t e k ~ mis used in the
t n k ~m a 'and also' IZZ, arid near it, e.g. a & n same sense Snrr. 181r. 23 (the translation looks
m a t a k l b o l s u I 11: xrrl(?) Tef. ttskl 'and, like a mere guess; the illustrative quotn., taken
also' at or near the beg inn in^ of a sentence fr. Uiibrrr gild^ Meirrorinl fncsitnile 2 3 7 ~ .5 )
282: srv n,fuh. gnyr run ayda(n) 'in addition t o r e u r n t o k n bile elgilik kllurtil koygll
to, also' takl: AfeI. 16, 7 ; Rif. 93: G a g . xv ff. seems to mcan 'stop carrying out gour.diplo-
d a g l daxi; d a g l b i r birisi daxt VeI. 257; matic functions in accordance with the tradi-
t a k l digar 'another' Sun. 157v. zz (quotn.); tional rules arid cercmonies').
d a m digar, also t a k l / d a g l 223r. 22; (lag1
cti~or,also t a k l / d a x l 224r. 4 (quotn.): a.o. 2 toku: (?toke:) 'buckle' and the like;
571. 19 ( a d r u k ) : OQuz XI see Xak.: X w a r . s.i.a.m.l.g. except N E (?) us t o k a / t o a n : I.-a.
X I I I ( ? ) t a k ~(or dakz?) 'and' is common in Pe. and other languages, see Do~rferI1 910.
in 02. both at the beginning of a sen- X a k . xr toku: ibzimu'l-mintnqn 'belt huckle'
tence, z, etc., and in such phr. as y a tak1 Kny. 111226: Gag. xv ff. (after t o k n ( I toku:)
k a l k a n 'bow and shield' 9 7 4 : xlv t a k ~ t o k k a 'with -kk-' (ba qdf nirr$oddod) 'a buckle
'and. also' Qrrtb 171; tag1 (once d a g t ) with a tongric ([mlqn-iaabdnndiir) made of iron
AIN 15, etc.: {Corn. X I V d a g ~ / t a & t ,d a g t n , or bronze thro~rgh which they paw sword-
 hclts or saddle xirths' Son. 181r. 25: Kom. Survives with the same meaning in S E Tar.
xrv 'buckle; ring on a horsc's bit' toga C C I ; togag R III 1160; 'riirki tokag; S C Uzb.
Gr.: KIP. X I V toga: al-ibzim Id. 64: xv ditto t0kag. Osm. tokag 'a mallet, a bat (for
Tuh. qb. 6 ; razza 'staple, hinge' ditto do. beating washing)' seems to be the same word
1 7 a 7. with the meaning changed owing to a supposed
DIS. V. DGA- derivation fr. tok1:-. Xak. xr t o k a ~(qdf un-
vocalized, the #amma in the printci text is
tok1:- (d-) lit. 'to hit, knock (something)', an error) al-qury 'a loaf or cake', taken from
hencc 'to beat (an enemy).; 'to weave (a fabric)', the phrase tok e r 'a man who is satiated' (al-
presurnahly because the weft is beaten down -jayan), because it satiates him (yuybi'uhu)
from time to time to consolidate it, and other Kay. 1358: Gag. xv IT. tokaq 'a piece of wood
tnetaph. and extended meanings. S.i.a.m.l.g. (pibi) which they put at the,hack of a door so
except NI.:(?), usually with -u- or -a- as the that it cannot he opened, in Pe. matarr;
second vowel and nearly always for 'to weave'; also 'a mallet (IriqmEq, a Turkish I.-rv.) which
SW Az. toxu- ; Osm. doku- ;#Tkm. dokl-. is used to heat laundry when washing it' Son.
TBrkli V I I I (a Chinese army approached) 180v. 25.
teglp tokr:drm 'I met and beat it' II S 8: 0.0.
J N 6 (egir-), II R 3 1 : Uyg. vrrr tokr:dim D t u g g ~ :N.Ag. fr. tu:g; 'a standard-bearer';
I beat' (an enenly) Su. E 6, E 8, S 2, W 3: the word occurs irl Gag. x v ~Abu'l-gcizi and is
vrrr ff, Bud. k a z g u k tokryurmen 'I knock a I.-w. in Pe., see Uoerjer 11 973. Xak. xr
in a peg' U I1 61, 18; (some of them tore their KB (the Chief Gate-keeper should supervise
hair and) t o k t d ~ l a 'beat'
r (their breasts) U I11 the cup-bearers, bed-niake~s,and the cooks and
15, 5 (i); Iki kalS t a m r r l m toklp 'my pulse also). tuRclka
-. 2557.
hiits &ice' (hut cannot beat a third time) do.
37, 36; t a m toktyu 'building a wall' T T VI PUF taxqek Hap. leg.; unvocalized, the
82; 0.0. PP 2, 4-5 ('to weavs', bodut-); T T second consonant is hd', presumably an error
I V lo, 7 (bediik); 12, 43; U 1126, 14 (1 ok): for xd', cf. taXtU:; obviously a I.-w. fr. an
Civ. [take the ashes and) k a r a i n g e k siittge unidentifiable language; the -x- is not-very -.
toklI; Igip 'beat them i;l the mi1Gof a likely to occur in a Chinese I.-w. Xak. X I
cow and drinlc them' T T VII 26, 13-14; simi- taxgek ... . . - darh . min
. !rariri'l-sin 'a kind of Chinese
lar phr. db. 27, 1 2 and 16; If 145-6; 0.0. TT silk' Kay. 1476.
VII 41, ,23; V I I I 1.14: Xak. x1 01 k a p u g
tok1:dl: he knnckcd (qara'a) at the door'; Dis. I)CD
and one says, in 0 g u z ; b l kulln tokl:d~: 'he F taxtu: Ilap. leg.; obviously a I.-w. fr. an
hcat (darahn) his slave'; the Turks use a Wend. unidentifiable language, cf. taxgek. Xak. XI
and say urdr: tok1:dl: for dorabo; and one taxtu: al-qazz qabla'l-gazl 'raw silk before it
says temlirgi: klllg tok1:dl: 'the blacksmith is spun' Knj. 1416.
forged (foba'a) n sword' (or knife, etc.); and one
says e r b6:z tok1:dl: 'the man wove (nosaca) D t a g d i n Den. Adj./Adv. fr. 1 ta:g; 'on, or
cotton cloth' (etc.); and one says am: suv to, the north' (lit. 'the mountain'); pec. to Uyg.,
tokr:dr: 'the water drowned him (Qorraqohu) - where it is used instead of Tiirkii ylrdm,
and carried him away'; and one says erni: q.v. Uyg. vlrr ff. Bud. T T VI 83-5; Suv. 466,
yB:l tokl:d~: apiba'l-racul sa'fa mina'l-cinn 5-10 (Ijgdiin): Civ. T T 1 6 , etc. (6gdUn).
'detnoniacal possession struck the man' (see
yB:l) Kat. I11 268 (tokr:r, tok1:ma:k); 0.0. Dis. V. DCD-
I I 2, I 9 (daraba); 2 I , I 7 (nasaca) : KB yorlp D t ~ k ~ Caus. t- f. of tlk-; as such Hap. leg.,
tln t o k l g i ~a x l r olgiisi '(a man) walks about
and draws breath, hut in the end he will die' but there is in SW Osm. ttkat- Caus. f. of
233: xrrr(?) Tef. tokl- 'to knock (at a door); tika- a Sec. f. of trk-. Cf. t ~ k t u r - . Xak. xr
to drive in (a peg); to hcat; to erect (a gallows); 01 a g a r a $ t ~ k ~ t t alqamahu
l: iydhu'l-!a'Em
to compose (a story)' 307: xlv Muh. hdka 'to hi-'irtrf 'he ordered him to feed him forcibly';
weave' doku:- Mrl. 25, 3 (Rif. 107 corrupt); originally used of anything which is inserted
nasaca ditto 31, 13 (only): Gag. xv ff. toku- into a container with a violent kick (bi-rakl
htiftnn 'to weave' Sun. 18or. 7 fauotn.): $"did) Kaf. 11308 ( t ~ k ~ t u : t1kltma:k).
r,
'&r. x& ditto M N 82: ~om."x;v' tog;- D tolut- (d-) Caur. f. of tok1:-, with the same
'to weave; to d;vouri C C G ; Gr.: KIP. xrlr range of meanings. S.i.s.m.1.. usually for 'to
nasaca dolts:-, also (laraba and 'aqaba 'to have (something) woven'. Tiirkii vlrr tag
punish' Hou. 35, 19: xrv tokt- daraha garb t o k ~ t d r m'I had a (memorial) stone driven into
cuaci' 'to strike a painful blow'; also nasaca (the ground)' I S 12; beggii: tag t o k ~ t d i m
(and 'a weaver' (al-hd'ik) is called tonduk1:gr: I S 12-13 ; 13 (the parallel passage in II N 14
( ? t o n dok1:gr:)) fd. 65: xv nasaca toku- is lost, Orkun's reconstruction tokr:drm is an
T~rh.36h. 13: O s m . xrv ff. doku- (less often error): Uyg. VIII $11. E 8 ( g ~ t ) :vrll ff. Bud.
toku-) 'to strike; to drive in (a nail)'; c.i.a.p. ulug kuvrug t o k ~ t ~ 'ordering
p that the great
T T S I ~ r q II ; 311; I I I z o 2 ; IV235. drum should be beaten' PP 31, 8: Civ. T T
V I I I I.II(begni:): Xak. XI 01 an19 boynln
Dis. D ~ C t o k r t t ~ : 'he ordered that his neck should he
D tokaq 'a loaf or cake'; Koy. may be right in struck' (adrabo 'unrrqahtr) (tok!tu:r, t o k ~ t -
linking this word with tok; if so, it is a IXm. f. ma:k); and one says 01 b6:z toklttt: 'he had
 DIS. V
PUI) toka:kltk an A.N. (Conc. N.) pec. to toklukln 'a full stomach' 186: Gag. xv ff.
Kay, and mentioned twice, with slightly t o k l u k siri 'satiety', and metaph. arzdni wa
diiTcrcnt cpellings. 'I'here 1s no trace of ruxf ruo tcttftir-i ni'mat 'cheapness, plenty, and
*toga:k/toka:k 'a strainer (of liquids)' or of abundance of good things' Son. r81r. 4
any verb of which it might be a Ilev. N.; (quotn.): Xwar. X I V tokluk'satiety' (211th182:
the normal word for 'to strain' is SUZ-. hut Kom. X I V 'superfluity' tokluk CCG; GI.
siizgeq 'a strainer' is not noted earlier than
C.aP. Xak. X I toga:klrk 'a piccc of wood VLJI) 2 tokluk IIap. leg.; A.N. fr. 2 tok.
(xnjnh) suitable for making a strainer' (01- Xak. X I tokluk 01-camam, that iq, 'of a man's
-fi[/(im) KO$.I s 0 3 ;(in a note o n the significance head hcing hairless, or of an animal being
of the Sufi. -Ilk/-Ilk) toka:kltk y l g a : ~ without horns' Kag. 1469.
similar translation I 505, I I .
is. D<;L / Dis. V. DGL-
tt&l See qtgll. ?I: tagtl- See ttR1I-.
Y U ?I> tug11 n.o.a.b. ; thc context supgcsts D takll- Pass. f. of t a k - ; s.i.s.m.1. w. some
shining', hut thcrc is no etymological basis for phonetic changes, e.g. tagll-. Cf. tev-. Xak.
such a meanikg; perhaps Dev. N./A. fr. tug-, xr e t sr:pka: (?sic and altered later to gr:gka:)
lit. 'rising'. It cannot be connected with taklldt: 'the meat mas strung (nuzima) on the
tokulug as suggested in a note on the passage spit' (etc.) Kag. I1 129 (takllur, tak11ma:k):
where the latter word is mistranslated. Uyg. S I I I ( ? ) Tef. taktl- 'to he unrolled' ( ? ;
vll1 ff. Man. Tokharian lkdsi hkye 'shining to dubious) 283; Fag. xvr ff. takrl- barta fudan
see' (like the crown of nrahma) korgeli tug11 'to be fastened' Son. 1 5 7 ~ .15: Xwar. X I V
T T I X 14; a.0. (Tokharian lost) do. 20. l a v k a r r m t a k l l m a s u n 'may my army not
be hampered' ( ? ) Qtttb 171 (very obscure).
toklt: 'a lamh a few months old'; older than a
kozt: but younger than a ko:ii, the exact age VUD trptl- Hap. leg.; Pass. f. of (VU) ttg-,
varying in diffcrent languages. S.i.a.m.l.g q.v., but everywhere vocalized taj~l-.Xak. XI
cxcept SE,scc Sltcherbak I I (where the word o k bagakl: tagka: tegip ttglldt: (?sic) 'the
in incorrectly connected with tug-) and Doerfer point of the arrow (hidda nail), when it hit
TI qog, which mentions its appearance as a a stone, was blunted and broken' (kalla
I.-w. in other langua~es. Xak. X I toklt: al- wa'nkasara), also used of anything pointed
-cod@' it~ina'l-din 'a lamh', that is one which when it is blunted by hitting something hard
has reached the age of six months Kaj. I 4 3 1 ; or a rock Kag. I1 129 (tlgtlur, tlg~lrna:k,
tokll: biiri: katt:lsu:n (sic, M S . apparently ?sic).
kayttlstr:~~).fa-ynntfi'l-dib ma'o'l-cada'a minn'l-
-&in (so rcad, MS. </il)which is clearly an error D tik11- Pass. f. of t l k - ; s.i.s.m.1. w. some
due to the earlier occurrence of this word) 'let phonetic changes, e.g. ttgll-. Xak. X I ken-
the lamb and the wolf go together' (lit. 'be dukke: u:n tlktldl: 'the flour was poured
interniit~gled')I 106, 10: X I V Mtih. al-'anz into the large storage jar under pressure'
li-sann 'a one-year-old goat ( R z f .01-gnnant 'one- (subba . . . hi-~idda ma daft); and one says
year-old sheep') to:kll: in Turkistan, to:xl~: evke: kiqi: tlkrldl: 'the people crowded
jn 'our country' Mel. 8, 8 ; Ilif. 80; (under iizda!zanra) into the house'; also used of any-
sheep') al-lznrcli 'one-year-old' togll: 70, 14; thing that crowds together until its space
t0:kll: 172: KIP. X I I I (01-xarrif 'lamb' kozu:) is restricted (tarliq makanahu) Ka$. 11 129
01-xarriJ ibtr sang toklt: Hotr. 15, 2: xrv al- (ttktlu:r, t1kllma:k): Gag. xv ff. t i k ~ l - /
-uarQftc'l-tcasa! 'a middle-sized lamb' tokli: ('a tlkrllg- hd cami'n~ rca izdiltdnt ba-cd'i
snlall one' kozt:) Bttl. 7, 13. fapidan 'to crowd togcther in one place' Sun.
195v. 2.
I I F t~lB11g P.N./A. fr. tu:g; 'having . . .
stanrIard(s)', etc. Survives in S W Osm. D t o k ~ l (d-)
- Pass. f. of tok1:-; s.i.s.m.1. Xek.
tuRlu. As Rcrl. says that tu:B, at any rate in XI e r t o k l l d ~ :'the man was heaten' (drrriba);
Osm., nlcant, inter aha, 'a hadge worn on a and one says bo:r toklldt: 'the cotton fabric
helmet' it seems prob. that Mong. dttjr~lfia (etc.) was woven' (ntrrica); and one says k ~ l r q
(hFnrtl. 1810) 'helmet' which occurs in some t o k l l d ~ : 'the sword (rrr knife) was forged'
tnadcrn lanquages in place of yogu:k, q.v., is (lubi'n); the phr. e r tokildt: is Oguz Kay. II
a I.-W. fr. this word with the usual metathesis 129 (tokllur, toki1rna:k; sic, the other oc-
and sound changes (cf. *Audrug > nudur$a; currences are vocalized toktil-): Fag. xv ff.
kopriig > kc'iirge, Studies, pp. 228, 238). tokul- hiqta zudon 'to be woven' Son. 18or.
Uyg. V I I I iiy tugllg tiirkii bodun 'the 16: O g u z XI see Xak.: Xwar. xiv tokul- 'to
Tiirkii people with three standards' Su. N 8 ; be woven' Qttrb 182,
W 7: Xak. XI Kay. I I I r z 7 (tu:F:; similar phr.).
DF tagla:- (d-) Den. V. fr. 2 da:g; 'to brand
D 1 t o k l u k A.N. fr. 1 t o k ; 'satiety', etc. (an animal)'. S.i.s.m.l., usually as dagla-.
S.i.s.m.1. Xak. X I tokluk al-~iha' 'satiety' Xak. XI o l a t l n tas1a:dt: 'the man branded
Kay. 1 4 6 9 : KB a j u n toklukl 'the satiety of (wasama) his horse'; also used of other animals,
this world' (is really hunger) 5317: XIII(?)At. not originally a Turkish word (ltgagayr arliya)
(be satisfied with enough to ivear and) k a r i n Kaj. 111294 (tagla:r, tag1a:ma:k).
470 D I S . :V
L) togla:- [lap. leg.; I k n . V. fr. 2 to:g. Xak. I> tokurn (ti-) N.S.l.4. fr. tok1:- ; s.i.a.m.l.g.
xl 01 y a : r ~ gtog1a:dl: sadda'l-ba!q 'he blocked except S W as t o k u m or thc like 'a n~lmdah,
the breach' (in a river hank or the like) Kaf. under-saddle felt'; a (fairly recent?) I.-w. in
111294 (togla:r, tog1a:ma:k). this sense in Wlong. as tokom. Xak.xr t o k u m
a!-caztir 'an animal fur slaughter'; this is
I>F taglat- (d-) Hap. leg.?; Caus. f. of generally used of a horsc for slaughter Ka$. I
tagla:-. Xak. XI 01 atln taglattl: 'the man 396; 0.0. 1472. 26 etc. (2 yiiz-): C p g . xv ff.
had his horse marked with a I)randinp iron' t o k u m 'a pack-saddle rvl1ic)l they put on an
(nccsoinn . . . hi'l-knyy); the Persians (01-furs) animal's back'; also 'a horse blanket' (crtll-i
took this word from the Turks, so that they asb) Son. 181r. 23; a.o. 3 4 7 ~ 14
. (yona:k).
nav dag for nl-rcnrm, just as they took from
the Turks the word for 'castle' (01-qal'a) and D trkma: IIap. leg. ? ; 1 ' ~ ; s . Ilcv. N./A. fr.
sav dia; in Turkish it is t l : ~y6:r 'a high place' trk-; 'conipressed'. Xak. xr Kng. I I 16 ( t ~ k - ) .
K&. 11 344 (ta@latu:r, tag1atma:k; both
statements are, of course, falsc). T r i s . DCM
D tok1:rnak (d-) Dev. N. (N.I.) fr. tok1:-;
Trts. DGL 'club, mallet', and the likc; the second vowel
ITUT1 t o g a l ~ g Hap. leg. ( ? ) ; I'.N./A. fr. was elided in the medie~.nlperiod and the wcrrd,
1 toga:. Uyg. V I I I ff. Chr. (blind, dumb, lame, sometimes m. further phonetic changes,
crippled, mad) igllg togallg 'ill' (Hend.) s i.a.m.1.g. and has hecome a I.-w. in Pe. and
M 11149. 4-5. other languages, see Doerfer 11 877. Uye.
vrlr ff. Hud. U I V 8, 39-40 (batrak): Xak.
VUI) tokulug P.N./A. fr. 1 toku:; pec. to X I tok1:mak mibzaru (mis-spelt mi'zarrr)'l-qni-
Uyg. k t d . Uyk. v ~ ff.~ rI3ud. (that king) pir 'a fuller'slmallet' I<a$. 111 177: X I V (under
yarllkanyuyr kiigiilug t h u l r i g t o k u l u e agricultural implements) al-midaqqa 'a mallet'
e r l p 'having a merciful heart and being faithful t o k m a k Ale/. 60, 2 ; 1ii.f. I 59 ; (under fuller's
to the traditional law and ceremonies' U III implements) kiidin (sic) 'a mallet' t o k m a k 61,
79. 24-5: similar phr. do. So, 25; kSrkle 2 ; I 51): Gag. xvff. t o k m a k 'the well-known
kiivsek t o k ~ l l g (sic) i n h l z 'my lovelv. implement (iilat) used to drive in tent pegs'
gentle younger brother, faithful to the tradi- (also the name of a Turkish tribe) Satz. 187r. 7
tional ceremonies (?)' Srio. 619, 22; 8.0. USP. (quotns.): Xwar. x ~ vt o k m a k 'mallet' Qtitb
43, '0. 182:K o m . ditto CCZ; Gr.: KIP. xrv tokma:
'rris. V. DGL- (sic, ?error) 01-irenbba eua'l-nlilmddn 'iron bar;
pickaxe'; Arabicized as a/-dtcq~rmqfd. 65: xv
I1 tokcla:- elongated Den. 1'. (cf. qat1:la:-) dabhris 'club' (hitrr alia) d o k m a k Ttth, rgb.
fr. 3 t o k ; surri\.es in NE Alt., Tel. tokllda- 5-6: O s m . s \ : r t r t o k m a k . . . and, in Rti~ni,
R 111 11 4'); NC I i ~ r . . i i z s . tokulda-; the mr~,vtn-~ linll,ic 'a cott~n-d~r.;ser'sit~~pleniet~t'
vocalization in tllc RIS. is chaotic, a knsra Salt. 181r. 7.
bclon~ thc tri' and what looks lilic a fat!la
turned into a &znrmn nl~orcit, but -0- is cer- u i s . DCN
tainly correct. Xak. X I tok1:la:dt: ne:o 'thc
solid (nl-nriismof) object made a noise (faru- t a g u n N.rl.;i.h.; 'flattcry'? I'rrhaps the oriain
rcntn) because it fell on sotnethitig hard', for o f S W sx Anat. tlagna- 'to drspisc, put
example a crvss beam falling on a column (01- to shame', etc. Cf. tagull$1:, tafiunla:-.
-'il-id0 'nlci'l-sriri~ln)and the likc K ~ J 1. 11326 Uyg. v r ~ rff. Bud. TT I V , 18, notc A72, 8
(tok1:la:r. tok1:la:rna:k). (azganyu:).

I) toku:la:- 1Iap. leg,; Den. V. fr.( 2 toku:. togan (d-1 'falcon' of sotuc kind. Survi~es
Xak. st e r kadtp toku:la:d~: the man only(?) in SW Osm. where d o g a n is a generic
fastened a buckle (mkl<ohn . . . /mlqn) on the term for 'falcon' and, RCC.to Red., spcciticnlly
'a lanner, F d r o lonorins'; it forms part of the
strap' Ka!. I11 325 (toku:la:r, toku:la:-
ma:k). names of seven or eight other related birds.
I t is oftcn trcd as a I'.N. Cf. 1 qnvlt: etc.
111s.DCM See Uori:frr 111 I 3.51. T u r k i i V I I I ff. tirun
11 tugurn ( d - ) N.S./A. fr. tug-; 'birth'. esri: toas11 'a white dapl7led falcon' IrkH 4;
S.i.s.tn.l.; not to be confirsed with t u k u m 0.0. do, 43. 4.l. (tttln-). 64 (buymul): 0. Klr.
'seed' in NC IZtr., Kzn.. ctc. which is a 1.-w. r s ff. KiiliiR T o g a n P.N. Afnl. 44, 7: Xxk.
fr. Pe. tir.rni, same meaning.. Uya. vrrr ff. X I K B 2458 (unlug): Gag. svif. togan 'a
Man. t u a u m a j u n 'rebirth' (Turco-Sogdian kind of bird of prey used in huntinp' (cnvci-
Hend.) TT Ill 26, 79; t o r t t u g u m 'the four rih-i jikriri) also called iitelgti Son. 179v. 2
!kinds of) rebirth' do. 38; I X 49; yek t u g u m (the latter a I.-w. fr. Mong. itplgii 'lanner
rebirth as a demon' I X 61: Bud. Sanskrit falcon'); tojian same translation, hut itelgu;
jitibhoon 'hirth and existence' t u g u m a:jun and mctaph. tucri' xn,wt-af~nn'intrepid, over-
'TT VIIZ A.47;o.o.cio. A.48;E.48; U I I S , 181 throwing enemies'; also a P.N. rlo. 261r.
emgeklig t u g u r n l a n g 'unpleasant rebirths 29: KIP. SIII (under birds) a/-cririlz tninhd
U 11 33+ 6, a.0.o.: XIV C1iin.-Uy$. Dict. R I mtiflnqo(n) 'bird of prey' in general to8a:n Hotl.
1658 (2 u m g ) : 0. Klr. rx ff. 6ki: Bl(l)lg 9.19; ditto asa P.N. do, 29, 5: xrv togan al-brizf
t u g u m (so read?) yapda: 'in tny forty-second 'falcon' Id. 64; yagan (sic) a/-/)&xi,also called '
year' Mnl. 49, 3. t o g a n do. 43; nl-bazi yogan (sic) and (PU)
 DIS..D € R 471

.
~ o g a n g u g(unvocalized) . . 01-!rida'n 'a kite' I Dis. DCR
de:lii: toga:n B111. 11, 9-10: xv bdz togan taga:r 'a large container', usually but not
fih. 71,. 2; z5g 'crow, rook' ditto do. 18a. 4 necessarily 'a sack'; perhaps a I.-w.; ~.i.s.m.l.,
( t o g a n is a possible, but improbable, Sec, f. and a I.-w. in Pe. and several other languages,
of togan there; may be some confusion with discussed ut great length in DoerJn I1 905.
Mong. cajan 'white').. Xak. XI taga:r 'a sack (01-garCrn) for contain-
tagna: Hap. leg.; perhaps a I.-w.; 1 yava:, ing wheat and other things' Kaf. I 41 I ; I 244
q.v., scems to be some kind of fungus or ( a r t ~ l - ) ,and three 0.0.. same translation: (xlrr
truffle; a/-ma!tr~it, lit. 'ci~ltivated',is an elusive (?) Tef. t a g a r a 'an carthenware dish' 281:
word but Stein~ass'sPersian (ric) Dict. trans- xrv Muh. al-ciro'b 'a leather bag' t a g a r q u k
lates it 'root of benzoin', and that may he the ;Mel. 69, 7; Rif. 170): Gag. xvff. t a g a r (I)
meaning here: Xak. X I a kind of of-tnohrtil is a clay jar (tagt-i gilin) or large bowl' (qada!~)
called tagna: yava:, it is (a substance which (quotn.); (2) 'a fixed measure or quantity' (Pe.
is) cut up and mixed (yrtnqac rno'qrir) with quotn., LC'afgij); (3) 'soldiers' rations' (dalla)
sour milk and used to colour(fi sibat) tulVlo'~ (ditto); (4) 'a' kind of long narrow sack'
(q.v.1 Kas. 1434. ($uwdl) Son. 157'. 10.
Dis. V. DGN- t a k i r an onomatopoeic; sutvives in SW Osm.
11 ttkm- Refl. f. of tlk-; s.i.s.m.l. Xak. X I e r Xak. XI a t ada:k~: t a k l r t a l u r etti: 'the
y u : ~taga:rka: t l k l n d ~ : 'the man applied horsc's hooves clattered' (,camuata); one also
himself (tacunlld) to putting wool in a sack by says tigir tiglr etti: with the same meaning
pushing and kicking it'; and one says (er) ag Kas. 1361.
ttklndl: nkaln'l-mcitl hi-'ztnf 'the man stuffed I3 t u g a r Aor. of tug- uscd as a N.; 'sun-
himsclf with food'; a man uses this expression rise, east'. N.0.a.b. Xak. xr t u g a r d ~ ncadan
only when he is angry with him (fin& koptl 'Scorpio rose from the east' 4889; 0.0.
'nlayhi) Kag. II 147 (ttkrnu:r, tlk1nma:k). 63 (ondiin), 6219: xrlr(?) Tef. kiin t u g a r 'the
D tokrn- (d-) Ilefl. f. of t o k c - ; s.i.m.m.l.g., cast' 305: Xwar. xrv t u g a r 'east' 181.
usually 'to collide with' bgt also in various S togru: See toguru:.
idiomatic mcaninps. Uyg. vrrr ff. Bud. (then
the clcl,hant : . .) keyikqi e r kozlge t o k t n d ~ D trgra:k N.1A.S. fr. t1gra:-; 'firm, tough',
'caught sight of the hc~ntcr' U I11 58, 8-9: and the like. N.0.a.b. Uyg. VIII ff. Bud. (on
Xak. X I e r ta:mka: tokindr: 'the man collided her beautiful bosom) k a t ~ gt l g r a k bfirtgeli
with (;odanrn) the mall'; and, in Oguz one says yumgak iki emigleri 'her two breasts, firm
e r t o k l n d t i 'the man was beaten' (4tlriba); (Hend.) but soft to touch' T T X 445: Civ.
and o?e says krllq tokrndr: 'the sword was keg t i g r a k 'very tough' TT VII 17, 8
forprd ; nncl one says t o k u m tokrndl: 'hc (damaged): Xak. X I t ~ g r e : ke r 'a tough (cald)
slaugh~creda heast for himself' I f i , ~ .1I 147 man' KO?. I 468 (verse); a.0. II 212 (t~grag-):
(toklnwr, tok1nma:k; in some places spelt xtv Mrck. a/-cold (opposite to 'weak' kiiqsiiz)
tokrtlr-); a.n. 111 12, 26 (yodug): K B (he t1gra:g Af~l.54, I ; trgra:k Rif. 150: KIP.
sobbed and) u r u n d i t o k u n d ~'beat his breast' xrrl nl-inuiajanlrinu'l-nnbij~'\.ersatile and saga-
!Hend.) 6292: X I I I (?) Trf. tokin-ltokun- cious' t@ra:k IIou. 25, 7: xlv trgrak a/-jcitir
(of a coin) to be struck; to cncol~ntrr'307: 'cunning, decritful' i d . 64.
Gag. xv ff. tokun-ltokug- of two things, 'to VU?Il togrn:g prima facie a Dev. N. fr.
collide (hn-hanr xrcurdan) riolentlv or run into togra:-, hut with no obvious semantic con-
one another' (nrrts5~lamntkardan) Snn. 1t1o1-. nection; spelt t02zo:e in the MS. but thia must
19 (quotns.): Oguz xr see Sak.: X w a r . XI]! be an error since the Refl. Den. V.s of this
9okun- 'to touch, come in contact with word, q.v., and tugra:g are dealt with together
Ali 56: Tkrn. xlv Id. 67 (tuila:g): KIP. xrv inonc para. Pec. toKnf. Xak. XI t o g n : g 'any
oqiihn'l-farad 'to hit the target' dokun- Rrrl. horse which a kinp gives his troops on the day
zgv. : xv in panama run'ndornbn wn'trdnqqa 'to of the start of an expedition (a[-rikCb) or a
collide, to bc hit, to he knocked' tokun- Ttrh. battle and takes back from them when they
ha. 2, a.o.o. : O s m . X I V fT. dnkun-, occasionally rcturn' KO$. I 462; keldi: berii: toaragl:
tlokan- 'to strike', etc. in onc or two texts ntinri boridrthrr 'his mounted messencer came
TJ'S 14 31,1; 111202; I V 234. to us' 111 65, 13 (misvocalizcd trgrag't:; the word
is not very apt and was perhaps used mcrely for
Tris. DCN the sake of the rhynle).
D t a g u n p : Iiap. leg.?; N.AR. fr. tagun.
Uyk. vrrr ff. Bud. (then the king Ajltaiatru tugra:g 'a royal sign manual'; sun.i\es only
took a flowcr) ta5unqIslga s u n u p T T X 458; (?) in SW Osm. as tugra. See Uoprfpr 111
the contcxt suggests that the meaning is 'and 1344; Oguz xr tu2ra:g to'bi'tc'l-malik rca
handed it to his confidant' (the Brahmin tawqz'trltrr 'the seal and signature of a king' in
Ratikara). 0 @ z ; the Turks do not know the word and
I do not know its origin (aslahu) Kas. 1462:
T r i s . V. D ~ N - x ~ Mrth.
v al-tawqi' tu:gra: (and other words)
1) takun1a:- Hap. leg.?; Den. V. fr. t a g u n ; are prot~ounced with a vigorously articulated
'to drcei\rc by flattery'(?). U y g . vrrr ff. Bud. 2ayn in Turkistan, and with a ruCru in our
T T I J f 8, 72 (azRanqu:la:-). country MPI. 6, 12; Rif. 77; a.0. 51. 2; 146.
 ?I) t o g r a k 'poplar'; survives only(?) in SE ya01:ka: kill1 t u g u r u : sii0iiqclim 'I startcd
l ' i ~ r k iS/inrcf, B$, J o r r i n ~ ,the last specifying the battle at sunrise on the second day of
'halsani poplar, Popi~l~rs halsamif~ra', but the the month' $11. E r ; a.o. do. S 5 : V I I I ff.
rcfcc. to 'nuts' in Irk11 is puzzling; al-hamad Man. t u g n r t u g u z 'you have caused them to
is not tracrahlt. in thc dlcts. and may be cor- he horn' T T 111 60: Ilud. LISp. 102n. 4-5
rupt. ' r u r k i i vlrt ff. (of a falcon) yagaklr:g ( a l p ~ r k a n - )Civ.
: (if a \von~anwcars this amu-
togrn:k uze: tugii:pen 'settling or1 a fo2ra:k let) u g u z t u g u r u r 'she uiven birth without
full of nuts' IrkH 64: X a k . X I t o g r a k 01- ditliculty' T7'V I I 27,13;o.~).dn.I S ( a r k u r u : ) ;
-@,rrob (AIS. 01-,qarb) 'a poplar', 1ca hurc;a' N I I 1 8 : X I X a k . ura:gut o g u l t u g u r d ~ :'the
fnror-~r'l-l~nntod Kns. 1 468. wornnn gave hirth (rualnrtnf) tn a sot)'; also
used mctaph. ('nlri'l-isri'drn) of animals giv-
1) t o g r t l a hird of prey, csact idcntity un- ing hirth KO$. 11 SO ( t u g u r u r , tufiitrrna:k;
known. descrillc hy K o ~ as . larger than a 6tn- prov., containing t u g - ) : K D ( I was in the
k u r , c l v.; it is bcst known as a I'.N. and has dark of nipht and) tugurcli k i i n i i m 'it made
nut sur~.i\.rdas a Conirnon N o u n ; proh. Dev. niy sun rise' 383; (a feast to ccichrate) ~ U ~ U T S R
N. fr. t o g r a : - with which there is a clear o g u l 'the birth of a s(111'4575: S I I I ( ? ) fif.
se~nanticconnection. See D o r ~ f c r 111 1445. t u g n r - 'to c i \ e birtlh 306: xrv Muh. (under
I!yR. vrlr ff. Bud. A l p T o g r u l T 6 g i n Pfahl. \vr)man) nllofi ruolrlriat d u g u r m t q IMP[. 53, 4
23. 13: Ci\-. T o g r i l occurs se\-era1 times and (only): C n g . s v A. t u g u r - Caus. f.; zfiyanidon
T o g r u l once as an element in P.N.s in USp. to give hirth' Sail. 179r. 9 (quotns.): Kom.
and S~ridilirr,p. 98: X a k . xr t o g r ~ 'a l hird of xrv ditto t u v u r - / t u ( w ) u r - / t o @ r - CCG;
prey' (cciriil min sihfi'i'l-!fly); it kills a thousand Gr. 247 (quotns.): K l p . xlrr tualada rnina'l-
ducks and eats one of them; men are called -2cildda t u g u r - Horr. 43, 1 5 : xlv ~ m l o d n
I'oartl after it Ka?. 1 4 8 2 ; a.o. I I I 381 ( ~ 1 0 - d u g u r - Rirt. 88v: xv ditto f u w u r - ; T k m .
k u r ) : ( C a n c a k X I (IrU)t o g r i l (completely un- t u g u r - Trrlz. 3Sb. 6.
vocalized) 'a length of gut stuffed with meat
and fruit' (possibly the same word) Kag. I tlgre:- 'to he tough, sturdy'; n.o.a.b. X a k .
482): s i v n.lrrh.(?) (among birds) nntc' mina'l- xr e r tlgra:dl: 'the man was tough, sturdy'
-cnre~rilr 'a kind of bird of prey' t o g r l l (rd' (caltrda) KO$. I I I 277 ( t l g r a : r , t1gra:ma:k;
unvocalixed) Rif. 175 (only): G a g . xv ff. and see tavra:-): srv Mttlt.(?) tncallada
f o g r u l (spclt) 'thc name of a hunting bird' ttgra:- (unvocalized) RiJ 106 (only).
(pnrnndf7-i jikriri); also the name of a well-
known Salculz pA(iifdlr whose father was Alp t o g m : - (d-) 'to cut, or split into slices o r small
Arslnn Snn. 261 v. 5 ; ( x a g a n u s in Rlimi, same pieccs'; s.i.a.m.l.g. with some phonetic varia-
translation, also called t o g r u l cio. 228r. 22; tions; except in some NC and NW languages
Red. translates z a g a n u s 'the huntinp owl, which have t u v r a - / t u : r a - , con~istcntlyspelt
firtho ~~ro.~inrrrs' traincd like a falcon): KIP. \\.it11 -0-; SJV Az., Osrn., T k m . clogra-.
srv t o g r u l 'the well-kno\\-n hird'; when it is Uyg. vrrt If. Civ. H I 7 6 (t~v$a:k): X a k . X I
sent after cranes it ~ o c on s attacking and killing i n l j e t togra:dl: 'he sliced (mrdnla) the meat
onc after another until it reaches thc end of for ttrfnrnc or sntnething else' f i g . 111 277
then!; then it cats only thc first one that it has ( t n g r a : r , to2ra:ma:k); the word, translated
l<illed !(I. (14. Q ~ ~ n'to ' n cut', ncctfrs frerjumtl?. in thc list of
conjugational forms in 111 31 I I f . : F a & XV ff.
t n g r a - (spelt) rizn kordnn ' t r ~break in pieces'
Son. 179r. 1 3 (quotns.): Kip. xrv t o g r a -
1) t o c u r - (d-) Inchc~atixe(?)f. of t o g - ; as qn!fO'n 'to cut in pieces' id. 664.
piich r1.n.a.b.. hut tllc Ger. t o g u r u : is common
and t h ~I'ass. f. t o g r l l - is used to tranxlate I) t ~ g r n t -1Iap. Icg.; Calls. f. o f t18rn:-. X a k .
istogdr~m 'tc he upright, straight, straipht- ur o g l l n 1:gka: t ~ a r a t t l : 'he toughened
forward' in Trrii. ga, g and survives as d o g r u l - (jndilndn) his son and made him forceful
in S\V Usln. See also t o g r u g - . U y a . V l l r ff. (calari) i~ all ocsotiations and business trans-
n u d . (may I rcach the lewelled island after actions' KO$.I1 330 ( t ~ g r a t u : r ,t 1 g r a t m a : k ) ;
surrnoontinp huge ditlicult snowdrifts and) n.0. 11 330 ( t i g r e t - ) .
keqincsiz t e r i g t a l u y o p u z s u v i n t o g r r r u p
'traversina thc watrrs of deep oceans hard to 1) t o g r a t - (d-) r a u s . f. of t n g r ~ : - ;s.i.ti1.m.l.~.
cross' T'I' 171. 1,. 62, footnote I. 2: X a k . SI o l X a k . xr o l a g a r c t t o k r a t t ~ :'he orrlrrrd him
rnaga: togurdr: 'he came precipitately to cut the tnrat in slices' (hi-go!' . . . nrrranr-
( m ~ t t ~ ~ o j ~ ~ t itor ame,
( ~ i )leaving
) the road'; also riola); used only of foodstuffs(n1-fny'i'l-mo!'rirrr)
used of anynnc who has a slapdash attitude Km. 11 330 (toAratu:r, togmtrna:k): Gag.
(mlrtn'nsrif) towards something Kaj. I 1 8 0 xv ff. t o g r a t - Caus. f. ;r i m ktrnfitridntr 'to order
( t o a u r u r , t o g u r m a : k ; thc vocalization is to break in pieces' Son. 1 7 9 r 27.
i ~ ~ i p e r f e cand
t shows signs of all attempt to
make the word toirir-). D t o g r a l - (d-) Pass. f. of t o 8 r a : - ; s.i.ni.ni.l.p.
U y g . vrrr ff. Bud. [gap] t o g r u l u p (sic) y l d l y
1) t u g u r - (d-) Caus. f. of t u g - ; 'to givc hirth s a s l p 'broken in pieces and stinking (fiend.)
to (a child Acc )'. Survives. as d o g u r - , only in U 111 25, 6 : X n k . X I et t o g r a l d l : 'the
NIV Krlrn R I11 1706; SW Az., Osm., Tkm. meat Has cut ill slices' (qrrfi'n tnrrxordnla(n))
In other modem lancuages either t u g - o r ( t o g r a l w r , t o g r a l r n a : k ) ; and nlie says
t u g t u r - is used in t h i ~sense. Uyg. vrrr eki: to:n k i : r d l n t o g r n l d ~ : ' the g.1-ment was
 DIS.
tattered (fnfazzara) because of dirt'; also used 'straight, true', one savs togtu: ~ 6 z l r r'tme
when cracks (01-jaqdq) appear in a foot or a statements' Id. 64: x; qawdm uprightness,
fabric (fi'l-ricl wa'l-manslic) for any reason truth' to(w)ra; T k m . t o g r l Tuh. zgh. 7 ;
Kay. II 230 (togralu:r, tokra1ma:k): Gag. 73b 1 3 ; mrrrtaqim ditto do. 34b. ro (09 in
xvff. tokral- riza rudan 'to be broken in margin in second hand).
pieces' Sun. r 7gr. 29 (quotns.).
?F tokurka: Hap. leg.; 'a spout'; un-
I) t o g r a n - (d-) Refl. f. pf togra:-. Xak. xr Turkish in form and prob. a I.-w.; not to be
01 ikzige: e t tograndl: he pretended to cut connected with Mong. toturka 'the felt fabric
(onnahu yuqalti') meat (etc.) in pieces for him- of a tent' (Kow. 1815) which is listed as Gag.
self' Kap 11 240 (togranu:r, togranma:k): in San. 1 7 9 ~ . 13. Xak. XI tokurlta: al-
KIP. xv tnqn{/a'a 'to be cut in pieces' towran-; -runbtir f7l-dindn zva'f-ma!dhir 'the spout of a
T k m . foRran- Ibh. lob. 5. wine jar or jug'; also the name of a place in
the summer station (al-muitif) of Kisgar Kaj.
1) ttgrag- Ifap. leg.?; C o - 6 . f. of t1gra:-.
Xak. X I og1a:n t~gragtll: 'the boy was 1489.
thoroughly tough and sturdy'; taken from their T r i s . V. D ~ R -
word tlgra:k for al-calad k-aj. I1 212 (no
Aor. or Infin.). U trgraklan- Flap. leg.; Refl. Den. V. fr.
trgra:k. Xak. X I e r tlgraklandl: 'the man
1) tograg- (d-),Co-op, f. of t o g r a - ; the demonstrated his own toughness' (azhara . . .
second sentence 1s separated fr. the first by min nafsihi cnlidn) K q . II 274 (tlgrak1anu:r.
tlgrag- and togrug-. Xak. X I 01 maga: e t tigrak1anma:k; verse).
togragdt: 'he helped me to cut the meat in
slices' (togra$u:r, togragma:k) . . . and one V1JD tograglan- Hap. leg.; Refi. Den. V. fr.
says to:n ki:rdin togragdl: 'parts of the togra:g. Xak. ogla:n tograglandl: 'the
garment were tattered (tafazzara) because of boy had a tofro:i', that is a horse which the
dirt'; also used of anything when cuts and king gives his troops when he goes out with
cracks appear in it Kaf. II 21 1-12 (togra$u:r. his retinue (ynwma'l-mawkib), and which is
togra9ma:k). returned to him when they dismount Ka$. II
272 (tograglanu:r, tograg1anma:k).
1) togrug (d-) Hap. leg.; Co-op. f. of togur-.
Xak. XI 01 m e n i g bile: yo:lka: togrugdr: 'he D tugraglan- Hap. leg.; Refl. Den. V. fr.
competed with me in travclling(fi'1-sayr) nnd tugra:g; mentioned only in a note after
cutting (qot') a path precipitately (mirtagaj- tograglan-. O g u z xr 'it is also used in
n@a(n)) to the ohjcctive' Kog. II 212 (no Aor. ORuz of a document when it is signed' (al-
or Infin., sec tograg-). -.hit&% idd wriqqi'a).
T r i s . DGR Dis. DGS
D toguru: (d-) Ger. of togur- used as an Adv. E t a g s u l t a g s u t See tskqut.
and N./A., originally (physically) 'straight',
hence metaph. 'straight, honest, upright, true'. V U ? D tugsa:k Hap. leg. See tu:l. Xak. X I
Soon contracted to togru:; s.i.a.m.1.g. in a tugsa:k al-ormala 'a widow'; usually used
variety of forms, e.g. NE t o g r a ; SE t o g r a l in the Hend. (mtrzda~uico(n)) tu:l tugsa:k
t o g r l ; NC tu:ra; NW Kk. t u w n ; NOR. Kaj. I 46%
t u w r a ; SW Aa., Osm., Tkm. dogrl/dogru. I> tugstk Ilev. N. fr. t u g - ; wed only in the
A I.-w. in Pe. and other languages, see Doerfw phr. kii:n t u g s ~ k'sunrise, east'. N.0.a.b.;
I 1 971. Uy& V I I I ff, Civ. toguru (or togru) cf. batsrk, tugar. Tiirkii V I I I ilgerii: kiln
t u m l l t u s a t d ~ m'I have sold outright and tugsrk(k)a: 'eastwards towards the sunrise'
irrevocably' is a common stock phr. in con- I S 2 (11 N 2 but tugs1kl:ga:); 6gre kiln
tracts in USp. 13, 14; 56, 6 etc.; 8.0. do. 32, tugslkda: 'in the east where the sun rises' I
19 (PU t8leq): Xak. XI togru: 'the tang E 4, 11E 5 : Uyg. IX ilgerii: kiin tugau:k
(01-silfin), that is the tail (&nab) of a sword, [(k)a:] III B 7 ( E T Y I1 38) ; kiin tugsuk(k)a:
knife, or dagger which is stuck into the handle' bats~k(k)a: Srrci 4 : vrrr ff. Man.-A kiin
KO$. I 420: XIII(?) Tef. (they went) a p a r tugsukdunkt yP1 'the east wind' M I11 9, I
t o g r u 'straight to him' 305: xlv Muh. $&pa (ii): Xak. xr 'the cast' (al-jarq) is called kii:n
'to tell the tmth' dogru: a y t - Me!. 25, 15 tugsrlug (sic, both kasra and damma marked)
(Rif. I I r corrupt); a/-liqn'trustworthy, honest' Kaf. I 463: XIII(?) Tef. kun tugsukl 'the
dogru: 52, I (147 ba:ylk); al-ntuqawwam east' 306.
'straight' d o g r ~ : 56, 5 (154 koni:): Gag.
xv ff. t o g r l ( I ) rEst 'true', opposite to dur@ C tokso:n (d-) crasis of tokkuz o:n, which
'lie'; (2) barrihar run mtr!tddd 'equal, level, phr. was used down to Uyg. inclusive;
facing' Son. 179v. 6 (quotn.): Xwar. xrrr ninety'. S.i.a.m.l.g. usually as toksan; S W
d o g r ~ 'exactly opposite1(?) 'Ali 55: XIV Az. doxsan; Osm. d o k s a n ; Tkm. toksan
togrrltogru 'straight, honestly' Qtitb 181: (although 'nine' dokkrz). An important word
Kom. xrv 'straight' t o g r u C C I ; t u v r a CCG as giving an incontrovertible example of
(arkuru:); Gr.: Krp. X I I I al-ntustnqim'straight' modem -a- representing earlier -0-. Xak. xr
(opposite to egri: 'crooked') togru: Horr. tokso:n the numeral 'ninety', originally
28, 6:. X I V fokru: a[-mrrqa?uruam roa'l-,rddiq tokuz o:n that is 'nine times ten' and then
 . ..
Mon. DG NC Kzx., several NW languages and S W Az.,
te:g (d-) Postposn. 'like'; t o ~ e t h e with
r Uqlln, Osm., Tkm. Uyg. vrrr ff. Bud. b i r t e k
ilze: and birle: one of the 'four old tek b i r Bdun 'only once . . . on one single
postposns.' discussed in I<. Gronbech, Der occasion' Krran. 90-1; t6gln a l k u n ~tapla-
tiirkische Sprochbau, Copenha~en,I 936, p. 35. m a d l tek taluy 8gUzke kirmiglg tapladl
When attached to the oblique stem of 01 it 'the prince did not approve any (of these pro-
soon became fused with it as antag, c1.v.; posals), and only approved of going to sea'
latcr it became similarly fused with the PP 15. 2-3; a.0. Efiien-1s. 253 (seq-): X s k .
oblique stem of 1 bu:. S.i.a.m.1.g. except SW X I t e k kalima wa ma'nzhu bi-hi qafd 'a word
where it is replaced hy other words like Osnl. meaning (the phr.) without any particular
Bib1 (kib); the vowel varics hetween -e- and purpose'; hence one says t e k keldim 'I have
-a-, and the final between -g and -y, but the come without any particular purpose'. K a j .
initial is con%istently d - everywhere. Tiirkii I 334 (i.e. 'the only thin I have done is ta
vrrr tegrl: teg 'fiod-like' I S I , I N I , a.o.o.; come'): K B till kBgl1 bfr t e k 'unequivocal
Uyg. vrrr ff. Man. bullt teg 'like a cloud and single-minded' 53 (sic, not teg as in Arat's
M 11 11, 17, a.o.0.: 13ud. monquk teg 'like text): xrrl(?) Af. e r i bard1 kaIdl k u r u g t e k
a (pearl) necklace' PP 6, 8 ; many 0.0.: Civ: y6rl 'the man has gone (i.e. died), only his
m u n l teg kllsar 'if he ncts like this' H I 154; empty place has remained' 202; 0.0. 304, 434:
a.o.0.: X a k , XI te:g barf tosbih 'Particle of Gag. xv f f . t e k fard w a tanhd 'alone, solitary'
coniparlson'; hence one says 01 a n d a g te:g Sar:. 1 5 7 ~ .2 t6k ditto 19%. 17 (quotn.):
'he is like that' ICas. III 155; o.o., spelt t e g Xwar. xrv t(?k 'only; one only' Qutb 177;
I 353 ("rk); 354. 18; 490 ( ~ e k u r g e : ) ;497 M N 95: KIP. xv fard tek/tCk Tuh. 27b. 9;
( k a r a k s r : ~ ) :K B tolun t e g yiizln 'his face 62a. 10-1 I ; b. 4.
like a full moon' 48: xrlr(?) A t . bilig t e e 2 tek 'silent, silently'; normally used to qualify
'like wisdom' loo; a.o.0.: xrv Muh. Adverbs a verb, generally t u r - . Survives in such
of comparison. The commonest is teg, and phr. in NC Ktr.; SC Uzb.; NW Kk., Nog.;
some of 'our Turks' change the t- to d - when SW Osm. Cf. gllk. '(Xak.) XIII(?)Tef. tek
it is (attached) at the end of a word; e . g 'his 'silently'; t e k t u r - to be silent' 295-6: xrv
tonnue is like a sword' dill: kl:ll:q d e g ; 'this Muh snkata 'to be silent' d e g d u r - Mel. 27, 5;
is as sweet as honey' b u da:tlu: d u r ba:l d e g tek t u r - Ni/. I 10: Gag. xv ff. t6k 'silent'
.
Mrl. 18, 4; t1:ll: . . t e g : sii:qiig t e g Rif. 96: (sdhil ton xrcdmti~)Son. rg8r. 16; t6k t u r - 'to
Gag. xv ff. the word is mentioned several stand silent' 1g7r. 21 (quotns.); d6k ditto
times in Sun. as an a d i t - i tagbilr 'Adv. of com- . O ~ U XIZ and one says t e k t u r uskut
2 2 6 ~ 5:
parison'; the forms quoted are d6g 17r 24 in Oguz K a j . 1334: Xwar. xrv teklt6k t u r -
(quotns.); 2 2 6 ~ .3 (qi~otns.);t6g rgRr. 15: ditto Nahc. 309, 9; 418. I : Kom. xrv 'to be
Xwar. XIII(?)teg (or d e g ? ) is common in silent' t e k t u r - CCI; G r . : KIP. X I I I sakata
qg., e.g. a d a k l ud adakt teg 'his legs were mina'l-suk~jtwn'l-snmt t6k F r - also t6k yU:rt:-
ltke an ox's legs' 12: xlv tCg 'like' Quth 176; Hou. 38, I : xrv t e k o l t u r - s a k a ~ na y qa'ada
teg M N 5, etc.; Nahc. 263, I S ; 387,15: Kom. scikita(n) ('to sit silent') fd. 39; sakata tek
xrv 'like' dek/dey CCG; G r . 82 (quotn.): t u r - Brrl. 481-v.: xv $ah 'hush! tektur, or
KIP. xrv d e g mill 'like' f d . 49. more emphatically t e p t e k t u r K a v . 52, 1 ;
t e k Preliminary note. There runs certnitr(v a rukrit t e k t u r (also epsem) do. 7 j, 13; sakate
t e k t u r - Tuh. zoa. 5; 59b. 12,
word tek meaning 'only', ruhich is not mentioned
in tlris meaning h v I<a$.; it seems likely, ?F t i k (d-) 'straight; vertical, upright'; hence
horceoer, that Iris !rntrslotiorr 'for no particular (of a c1iff)'prccipitous' and the like. S.i.a.m.1.g.
purpose' is a mis~tnderstnnditr.~ of it. There was except N E ? ; in S\Y Az., Osrn.. Tkm. d i k ;
almost the only word in Kay. which preser-
also certainly n word tek meaning 'rilent(b1)' ves the original d-. A I.-w. in Pe., Doerfn I1
which is generally used to qualify tur-. and 1005. As he points out, practically syn. w .
must he carefrtlly distin~.rrishedfr. tik ruhich is Chinese chih (Gilrs, I ,846, Pulleyblank, Middle
similnr,~used. There is a modern r~*oniin N C Chinese diaiak), end prob. a I.-w. fr. it. Its
Kzx. tegltek I f a m i l ~ ,origin', whiclr Hndlofl, relationship to Mong. rike (Kao. 2175) is
r ~ r t o i n l yin error, read in somr enrly tr.rt.7; in obscure, on balance it is perhaps more likelv
Tiirkii vrrr ff. Yeti. Mal. 28, I thr correct to be a I.-w. fr. Turkish than direct fr. Chinese,
reading is proh. tegme: 'all'; in Xak. X I K B although the unvoiced initial and the fact that
the Mong. word has Sec. meanings peculiar
the readings ore all due to scribal errors in the to Chinese point rather in the other direction.
Vienna M S . , in 144 akran teki for evren bagl; Xak. XI 'when a thing is vertical' (idd'ntafa-
in 950 tegin l o r tegin nnd itr 1630 tcginde for ha'l-jay' qi'ima(n)) one says d l k turd^: Kag.
beginde. A word tek 'r~nder'.first mentioned I 334: (xlrl(?) Tef. the phr. spelt ti:k tur-
in C a b Xvff. San. J57V 2 4 attd suruiving in but transcribed tek trir- in 295-6 seems to
snrernl modern languagrs looks like a corruption belong here): XIV Muh.(?) 01-'aqaba 'cliff,
of A r . taht, which is the word rised to translnte acclivity' ti:k Rif. 177 (only): Gag. xv ff. tik
it in San. ('with -i-, not -6-') 'straight' (rritt) opposed to
'crooked, bent' Son. I&. zo (quotn.): Kom.
1 t e k 'only'; survives with sorne extended xrv 'a column' t l k agaq C C I ; G r . : Kxp. xv
mcani~~gs, 'alone, solitsry, odd (not even)' in Trtlt. 3hn. 8 (61-0:).
 PU 1 t a g ( ? d - ) Particle meaning 'several, to express their views' 2679; O.O. 263, 713,
many' placed before hiph numbers; perhaps etc.: X I I I ( ? ) At. b u kiin t e g s t i m b n d l n
hest explained as an alliterative jingle before d u r u d 'let my praise rcach (the Prophet) today'
t i i m e n subsequently used also before m l ~ , 29; a.o.o.; 7i.f. t e g - 'to reach', etc. 292: X I V
but this does not explain the d- in Kay. ~\ttch.ajLibn 'to attain' d e g - MPI. 22, 14 (Rif.
N.0.a.b. Uyg. ~ I I I IT. Man., t i i k (sir) t i i m e n
103 d e g i i r - ) ; mnlnln 'to reach' t e g - 32- 3
(rnisvocalized tiilzr-); I rh (-g- marked); I 32:
t t n l c g l a r ~ g k u t g a r t t g t z you h a r e saved
many myriads of mortals' T T I11 67: Bud. Gag. xv ff. t e g - (so spelt) ( I ) 'to hit' (xwtrrdntr)
t i i g t i i m e n kiqiler SIIP?. of orre thing like an arrow, stone nr blow hitting
587, I : X a k . X I
d i i g m i 0 ntn hnvnn'l-irlrif 'several thousand';another; (2) 'to rcach' (msb/crir); (3) ' t r ~hc
worth' (rrrzi(/nn) Sntr. 1 0 5 ~ . 7 (quntns.):
one says d i i g m i 0 y a r m a : k 'severai thousand
dirhntns' KO$. I 334: KB t u s u l m a z s n n a X w a r . all1 tCg- '!o reach' 'Ali 38; d e g - 'to
Ctse tiiP, m i 0 t u l u m 'even if o n e prepares he worth, to c n t do 57: X I I I ( ? )t e g - 'to
several thousand weapons, they are no use reach' OC. 319: xiv ditto Qtrtb 177; MN g r :
against you' (0 death!) 1.537. K o m . xlv t e a - l t e y - 'to rcach, touch' C C I ,
CCG; 'to be worth' C C I ; ( ; r . 238 (quntns.):
S 2 t u g See tu:. KIP. xlv d e g - ti~nsoln fd. 49; Uul. 88r.: xv
vnnsro 'to touch' t e y - Kav. 10, I ; ~ n b a'to hit
PU d u k Hap. leg.; onomatopoeic. X a k . xr (a target, etc.)' ( u r u v - and) t e y - Tuh. 2zb. 13:
d i i k u r d l : 'he struck him gently (dnraba . ..
Osm. s t v d e g - 'to reach', ctc.; c.i.a.p. T T S
rlnrl. scljif) with his fist' Kng. I 334. 1 1 8 7 ; I1 268-9; III 174; IV 198.
~ M o n .V. DG- t i k - (d-) basically 'to insert (sonlcthinp Acc.,
t e g - ( a - ) properly 'to reach (a place Dal.)' in somctlling else Uat.)' with a wide range of
but with various extended meanings from an specialized meaninps, c . ~ 'to . crcct (a inemurial
carly date, including 'to attack (someone), to stone), to plant (a plant)'. (in I>~)rhcases lit.
touch (something), to concern (someone), to 'to insert' (in the jiround)); 'to sew' (insert a
be worth (i.e. t o reach a price of, so much)'. needle), etc. Although in some meanings there
S.i.a.ni.l.p., in NC. N\V generally t i y - ; in is a coiint~tation o f inserting vertici~lly,it is
Nll' lirrm; S W A z . , Osrn. d e g - ; T k m . d b g - . prob. that the phonetic identity with t l k
T i i r k i i \?III t e g - occurs over 30 times meaning is fortuitous, esp. if that is a I.-w., unless
either ( I ) 'to attack' e.g. Kiil TCgin y a d a g l n this is also one, which is,. improbable.
oflnyu: tegdi: 'Kul 'regin attacked on foot S.i.a.m.l.fi.; see o s t i k - . T i i r k u vllr b a l b a l
gasping' I E 32, o r (2) 'to reach' e.g. (I cam- t i k m i g 'they erected tnernorial stones' (to nly
paigned in the Shantung plain and) ta1u:yka: fathcr the xagan) I E 16; 0.0. I E 25; II S 9,
klqlg t e g m e d i m 'only just failed to reach the 11: vtrl ff. Yen. Mal. 28, 4 etc. (beggii:):
sea' I S 3 ; similar phr. I S 3, I1 N 3: v111 ff. UyR. vrrr tF. Man. T l ' III 46-7 (billglig):
iize: tegri:ke: tegi:r 'it reaches the sky ahove' Bud. (listen) t i k e k u l g a k l n 'with pricked
I r k B 20; 0.0. do. 59 (ytdlt-); Tnyok 24-5 ears' T T S 30; I'M IL7 254, ? 3 ; (accept the
(1 u:q): Man. (if o u r prayers and praises) flowers and) bagll)da t i k g i l stick thcrn in
t e g r i k e t e g m e d i e r s e r Cttrcns. 216-17; (the hair of) your head' T l ' X 488; 0.0. T T
0.0. do. zoo ( b u : ~ ) ;#M I 7, 19 (to*): Yen. I f , p. 1 6 (q1qa:muk); 1liiri1-IS. 1909 (brii:):
yaR(~:ka:j tegrnig when h e attacked the Civ. k i m k a y u kiqi siigiit t i k s e r 'if anyone
enemy' illnl. 26, 8 ; a.0. 28, 8 : < t J y g . IX (my plants a tree' T T VII 28, 42: X a k . X I e r to:n
fame and reputation) tegdi: reached' (the tikdi: (sir) 'the rnan sewed' (xd!n) the car-
sunrise and sunset) Srrci 5: v111 ff. Man. ment'; and one snys at]: y11a:n tikti: (sic) 'the
t u l u m l u g ( ? s o read, MS. tonulnhd with tail snake bit (Insa'at) the horse' (etc.); also used
of -I- ornitted) t e g l r 'the armed man attacks' of a scorpion sti in pit>^); and one says e r
,If I1 I I , 12: Bud. t e g - 'to rcach, attain' is y l g n : ~tikdi: 'the tnan plnnted(#nrosn) a tree';
common, e.g. e r t i n i l i g o t r u g k a t e g d i l e r also used of anything that one sets u p vertically
'they reached the island of jewels' PP 33, 7-8: (nnfnhnhir qd'itnn(n)) Kaj. II 20 (tike:r, t i k -
Cix.. ditto e.p. e d g i i k e t e g i r 'he attains good- me:k); 0.0. I 195, 2 ; 401, .f ( t i k e n ) ; 111 zg
ncss' T T VII 28, 47; (let my wife, after I am (ylgi:); 229 (ditto); 367, I I : K I I (hc sat down
dead) e r k e b e g k e t e g m e d f n 'not marry quietly and) k o z i n y e r k c t l k t i 'fastened his
again' (but keep my house and louk after m y eyes on the ground' 769, 956: xrtt(?) TeJ. t l k -
son Altmiq Kaya. If my sons Kosar] and Esen 'to stick' (a staff in the ground) 301 ; 'to insert'
Kaya say) Ggey n n a m l z b i z k e t e g i r a l ~ r b i z (something in a leak) 304 (fik-?): xlv Rbg'.
'our step-mother belongs to us. \ye will take q a d ~ rt i k i p 'pitching a tent' R 111 1346;
her' USp. 78, 5-Q (text revised by Arat); 8.0. hfrch. xC!n t i k - Aft-I. 25, 11; Ri/. 108; nl-
clo. 116, 17 ( a g t r ) : X a k . XI o l evke: tegdi: -xayC!a t i : k m e k 34, 13; t i k m e k I 19; al$ors
'he reached (bala&z) the house' (etc.) Kaj. t i k m e k 120 (only): Fa& s v ff. t l k - ('with
I f I Q (tegi:r, t e g m e : k ; prov., verse, aza:k); -1- not -6-') ( I ) dt;.~tnrz 'to sew'; (2) metaph.
I 4 8 (1 q k ) and about 2 0 0.0.: K B a f u n Bnqke nnjb knrrlon 'to erect'; (3) 'to plant ( j a r r knrdn~r)
tegdi: the \vorld has attained peace' 103; a tree' Satr. 1 9 5 ~ .5 (quotns.): X w a r . xtv
(a wise, understanding man) t i l e k k e t e g i r t i k - 'to pitch (a tent); to fix (one's eyes on
'achieves his desires' 155-9: (one is the Secre- ~ o n i c t h i n ~ ) Qirt6
' 178: K o m . s l v 'to aew
tary, the other the Rlinister) b u i k i k l q i k e s b z together, to plant' t i k - C C l ; Gr.: KIP. xtrr
a F k n k t c g i r 'it is the duty of these two people jnrctsn rltitr gnrsi'l-rnrnr t i k c koy- Irnrc. 36, 7;
 DIS. DGE
.tdla uritm'l-xaydla tlk- do. 39, 20: xlv tlk- his bravery and manly qualities there', the t-
laqqama 'to feed' (as a bird feeds its young) is not clear, but the rest is, and kt7kdi: which
wa .rdta fd. 39; dlk- garara rua xdla wa nafaba has been read here is not attested elsewhere;
do. 49; xayyala ma laqqama tik- Bul. 43r.; in both Zx. passages tUked~:is the likelier read-
lara'a tik- do. 79v.: xv tlk- xayyafn wagarasa ing: V I I I ff. Man. tijktlimiiz saqtlmlz e r s e r
Knv. 9, 7; a.0. do. 75, 10; faqqnma t f k - Tuh. 'if we have poured out o: xattered' (the light
3za. 6; (naiaha'f-cdm 'to set out the drinking of the five gods) Chuas. 239: Uyg. vlrl ff. Civ.
cups' k u r - do. 36b. 13; a later (?SW) scribe (if a man has a worm in his tooth he should
misunderstanding this connected 01-crim with hold wine vinegar in his mouth and) blrgerll
lacoma 'to sew' and added diktl): O s m . (so read?) takgii 'spit it out together (with
X I V ff. dlk-, dike, etc. in several meanings, the worm)' H I 7-1: Xak. X I ogla:n su:v
fairly common TTS I 204-5; I1 296; I11 193; tokdl: 'the boy poured out (arlipo) water' K a j .
I V 222. I1 19 (prov.; no Aor. or Infin.): KB sBzUg
bar1 t o k 'pour out all that you have to aay'
V U t0:g- (d-) 'to pound, crush, prind'; as the 195; tBkme k a n 'do not shed blood' 1395:
vowel is long, -5:- rather than -ik-is prob., xlv Rbg. k a n t o k m e k R I11 1242; Muh.
and this vowel survives in SW Az. diiy-; Osm. baddada 'to scatter' do:k- Met. 23, 15; t6k-
dog- (usually pronounced dov-); Tkm. dov-, Rif. 105; sakaba'l-md' ':n pour out water'
but the word also survives as NC I<zx. tuy-; su:nl: d6:k- 27, 7 ; taic- 110; sakbu'l-mi'
SC Uzb. tuy-; N W Kk., Icurnyk, Nog. tiiy-, d o k m e k 34, 14; t o k m e k 120: Gag. xv ff.
so the point is not clear; similar doubts arise tiik- rixtan 'to pour out', used as both Trans.
regarding VU toel:, q.v. It is possible that and Intrans. Son, 181r. 16:X w a r . xrv t6k-
a sound change occurred at a fairly early 'to pour (water); to shed (blood)' Qutb 183:
period. Xak. XI e r tu:z to:gdi: 'the man K o m . xrv ditto CCG; G I . : Ktp. xrlr sakaba
crushed (daqqa) the salt' (etc.) Kay. I11 184 t6k- Hou. 34, 6 ; badjioda t8k- do. 38, 15;
(tS:ge:r, t6:gme:k): Xwar. xrv tog- (of hail) ~ a b b omin sabbi'l-md' to pour out' tok- do.
'to beat down' (flowers); 'to forge' (iron) Qutb 41, lo: xrv tok- baddada fd. 39; dbk- bad-
183 (tog-Itch-): KIP. xrrr daqqa (VU) diig- dada wa (abba do. 49; baddada t6k- Bul. 35r.:
Ifou. 40, 4: xrv tiiw- daqqa fd. 37: xv daraba xv ditto Ttrh. 8a. 12; sabha wa baddada tok-
'to bent' (brrer alia) tuy- Tirh. 23b. rr (in do. 22b. 9; katta ('to pour out') wa baddada
rnargin in second hand, 'also tug-/dug-'). tUk- do. 31a 13.
t u g - (d-) 'to tie (a knot), to knot (a string)', and Dls. D G E
the like, hence metaph. 'to knit (the brows in
anger, etc.)'. S.i.a.1n.l.g. with some phonetic teke: 'he goat'; the difference of meaning, if
changes in - g - ; in S W Az. diiy-; Osm. dug-/ any, between this word and erkeq is obscure.
d u y - ; Tkm. diiv-. Tiirkii v r r ~ff. t ~ ga t S.i.a.m.l.g., see Sllcherbak, 112, 1x8; a 1.-w. in
k u d r u k l n tiigu:p 'knot the bay horse's tail' Pe. and other languages, see Doerfer I1 917.
IrkB 50: Uye. vrrr ff. Bud. U 11 59, 3 (iii) Uyg. vrrr ff. Civ. (two ewes, two she-goats)
(allnllg): Xak. X I e r tilgti:n tugdi: 'the man b i r teke 'one he-goat' USp. 36, 3: Xak. XI
knotted the knot' (etc.) ('aqada . . . al-'uqda) teke: fahlu'l-rib2 the male mountain goat',
Kay. I1 zo (ttige:r, tiigme:k; prov.); 0.0. out of whose horns bows are made: teke: al-
1472, 10; ZI 243, 9, (same translation): K B -rays 'he-goat'; hence a man urith a scanty
kallk kagl tiigdi 'the atmosphere knitted its beard (al-kawsac) is called teke: saka:l
brows' (and poured out tears, i.e. rain) 80; because his beard is like a goat's Kay. 111 228:
0.0. 191, 770 (aclt-), 1586 (iriglen-), 1673 xrv Muh. al-toys teke: Mel. 70, 16; Rif. 172:
( ~ l r g u y ) ,etc.: Gag. xv ff. tiig- (specifically Gag. xv ff. tekke (so spelt) buz-i nor 'a
so spelt) girill zadan 'to knot' San. 181r. 26 he-goat', in Ar. cady and tays Sun. 158r. 6
(quotns.): Kom. xrv tli-jtiiv- 'to knot' CCG; (quotn.; also the name of a Tiirkmen tribe):
Ct. 252 (mis-spelt 111-): KIP. xrv d u g - bqadn Ktp. xrrx 01-toys teke: Hou. 15, 8: X I V ditto
Id. 49. fd. 39; deke: al-tays, also pronounced teke:
do. 49; al-rays teke: Bul. 7, 13: xv ditto Tuh.
tok- (d-) 'to pour out (a liquid Ace.)', 8b. 13.
hence more generally 'to sprav out, scatter'.
S.i.a.m.1.g.; in NW I<r~m,SW Ostn., Tkm. D tegi: (d-) Ger. fr. teg- used as a Postposn.
(but not Az. ?) dok-. T u r k u vrlr the word has after Nouns in the Dot. meaning 'up to, as far
been read in 11' 52 where the stone is very as' (a place), and 'until' (a time). Like some
much weathered between (A) and (B); (neither other words, e.g. akru:, 091: it acquired a final
sleeping at night, nor sitting down by day) -n in the medieval period for no obvious
k1:ztl (A) k a n t m tiikti: kara: t e r l m reason (Brockelmann's suggestion in para.
yiigiiru igig (B) kli:$iig b k r t i m 6 k 'I gave 141 (i) that this form is a Participle is not
my services (to the sagan) with my red blood plausible) and s.i.s.m.l., usually in this form
streaming and my black sweat flowing'; tSkti: e.g. SW Osm. deginjdeyinjdeg. Tiirkii vrlr
with -t- following -k- cannot be right, tegl: is fairly common, e.g. $ a n t u : ~yazl:ka:
tokiilii: would suit the sense best and be tegi: siiledim 'I campaigned as far as the
parallel to yiigiirit:, but cannot be read with Shantung plain' I S 3 ; a.o. I S 6. I1 N 4
confidence; [gap] tokdi: Zx. 17 (no translation (ugug) (the word has been erroneously read
possible); the word may slso,occur in Is. 4 in I N 5 where the right reading is sii[~]iigi:
a l p : ,erdemi: anta: tokdi: he poured out s t n d ~ :'his lance was broken', not sii: [t]egl:-
 ~ i n d e : ) :~ I I IIT. (a I)ig housc \\as hurnt down) l't~rks I>clic\c tlint the spirits of the dcnd
katt:na: tegi: k a l m a d u k 'right down to the assctnhlc oncc a ycar nt night and go to the
foundation nothing rcmaincd' IrkB 9 ; 0.0. places (01-nmfrir) where their bodies were
do. 9, 16: Man. ulugka kiqlgke tegi 'from when they werc alive, and visit their relations
great to small' Chuas. 86-7; bastan (sic) (alrd/ihri), and thnt anyone who hears that
adak(k)a tegl 'from head to foot' M I 5, sound at night dies. l'his is widely known
13; arnttka tee1 'until now' TT I1 8 , 40: (tno,vh~ir)among the 'Curke. 'l'he word is spelt
Uyg. vllr Sele0e:ke: tegl: 'up to the Selenaa with a kosra on the 16'. hut in rny view it would
river' $?I. E 4: V I I I ff. hlan. a m t t k a tegi T7' he more corrcct (acrvnd) with n fnthn (hi'/-
I11 65: Chr. k6k kalikka tegi 'up to the sky' -no?b). because when a woman, who has heen
U 1 8 , 13-1 J: Bud. (a man must make efforts) given in n~nrriagc,vi~itsher fnrnily one says
Sanskrit tlivuf 'to such an extent' anqa:(&)ka -tegdI: keldl: 'she has currte visiting' (zti'ira-
tegl, v6vot 'as' ne:qe:ke: tegi (will ensure fo(n)) Kos. I11 230.
that he profits) TT F I f 1 E.44; amtaka tegi
TT ,Y 5; b u kiinki kiinke tegi 'until today' D tikii: (dikgS:) Kof.'s suggestin11 that this
do. 97-8; a.o.0.: Cir. ydeti kiinke tegi 'for is a contracted Dcv. N. in -gu: fr. tik- is prob.
seven days' T7' VII 26, 4; 0.0. do. VIII L.15, correct, cf, tikim. S.i.s.m.l. and n I.-w. in
etc.; m i 0 y11 tiimcn kiinke tegi 'for a I'e. and other languages usually as tikeltikke
thousand years and ten thousand days' is (rare) scc Dorrfer 11 918. Xak. xr one says
a stock phr. fur describing an irrevocable sale bi:r tiku: e t 'a piece (or slice, jalda) of meat';
in U S p r 3 , 16, etc. : Xak. X I (kiini:) kiini:nig originally it had a double -kk- then it was
kiiiige: tegii: (sic, ?error for tegi:) yagt: shortened and (one k) ahsorhed in the other
translated 'a co-wife is an enemy until her (wttffr'fa wa ull~iqali-o.uowritihi) Kq. 111 229:
ashes are scattered in the eyes of her co-w~fe' Gag. xv ff. tikke 'a piece' P. de C. 263; k a k
KO?. I11 237, 1 0 ; n.m.e. (in I 349, 11 k l r k gi5gtttn b i r iki tike a l d ~ m'I took one or two
y ~ l k a :tdegi:n ba:y q~ga:y tiizliniir 'at the pieces of dried meat' (quotn. Bribur) do. 406
end of forty years rich and poor will be equal' (s.v. kak): KIP. xv Inqn~a'morsel, mouthful'
(i.e. both dead) the t6gi:n was inserted in the t i k (later vocalized tiki, ?rend tike; and (VU)
rnargin by a later hand, and is not in an X I s u k u m ) Trth. jrh. 8.
form): KB ediz 'argta altln t a r a k a tegl tiige: (?d-) 'a (half-grown) calf'; survives in
'from the high vault of heaven (I.-w.) down to SW Az. diige/diiye; Osrn. diive; 'I'km. tiive
the earth (I.-w.)' 24; b u Sake tegi 'until now' usually for 'heifer', ShchrrbnR, p. rol ; ucc. to
1259, 37.14; t u g a r d ~ nbatnrkn tegi 'from Snmi 871 (s.v. dann) n diiye is a female, and
east to west' 4714: s r l ~ ( ? )Tef. tegiltegin 'up a t o s u n a male, calf bigger than a buza:gu:
to; until' 292-3: X I V Rbg. erndike tegl 8.0.0. o r d a n a ; Kof.'stranslntion iscryptic, but unless
Brockehann: para. 141 (i): Gag. xv ff. ddegin tigi: has fallen out before the second tiige:
'up to, until (tld rca hotfd) used to indicate a it may mean that this word already meant
terminal point (intihd') Sun. 2 2 6 ~ 15 . (quotns.): 'a female half-grown calf'. Xak. X I tiige: 'a
Xwar. srv tegi 'until' MN 436; Nohc. 233, calf' (wuladrc'l-boqara) when it has reached the
13-15; tegin MN 40. second year; and the female (al-unfri) is called
E tekl the existence of a word of this form (in tilge: Kaf. I11 229: KIP. X I I I al-cririya 'slave
the Index t&i) meaning 'family' in Uyg. girl' (ktrna:k, also called kara:va:g, kara:-
vr~rff. Civ. is suggested in USp. with a refce. ba:g and) tu:ge: Hotr. 32, 17 (prob. the same
to Radloff's similar suggestion regarding t e k word used metaph.).
(see Preliminary note thereon), but it is clear YUD t6gi:(d-) Dev. N. fr. (VU) t&g-, q.v.;
that this is an error arising fr. misunder- crushed or cleaned cereil'; the first vowel is
stood uses of the Den. Suff. -teki, e.g. (if given as -6- in TT L'III in a text in which the
I die before paying the debt) N o r n k u l m ~ g - spelling is erratic, but all modern forms have
tekiler bile koni bbrsunler 'let the Nom- ti or the equivalent see Doerfer 11 979 where
kul~salso honestly repay it' USp. I , 8; cf. (if its forrns as a I.-w. in Pe. and other languages,
I die before paying the debt), i n 1 7 k a s u k are shown. S.i.s.rn.1. in NW and SW fairly
evtekiler bile k6ni bkrsiinler let my cunsistentlv with d- even in languages in
younger brother (PU) Kasuk together with which this initial is rare. Uye. vrrl ff. Bud.
those in his house honestly repap it' do. 7, 7-8;
the latter is a revised text, Rndloff in USp. read
tog6min ... togbde:n (spelt tdhd) TT VIII
K.3 (s1ka:-); do. V I I 1 18~(ILyiir); do. 17,
K u s u k n i l ~tekiler and there is no doubt that etc. (konak): Civ. (VU) t d g i 'husked millet'
the -1119- in 1, 8 is also an error for ev, and ( I ' ) is mentioned twice in n list of deliveries of
that a similar error occurred in other parallel foodstuffs, etc. USp. 91, 5 and 24: xrv Chin.-
passages in USp. 8, ro, 34, etc. Uyg. ,Diet. mi 'hulled rice' (Gilts 7,802) tag1
PU ti@: 'a sound'. Kn~.'s etymology, though Ligett p. 270; R 111 1539: O g u z XI (VU)
no doubt false, suggests that the second con- tiigi: 'millet seeds (lubbu'l-dulurn) after the
sonant was - 8 - , the first vowel might be -&. husks have been removed' Kay. I11 229: Kom.
N.0.a.b. Uyg. vrlr ff. Bud. Suw. 166,6(qo%t:): xlv 'crushed millet, n~illetflour' tiiwi/tU C C I ,
Civ. yngtz yderde tigi iindl: 'a sound rose CCG; Gr.: Ktp. XIV (under td' followed by
from the brown earth' TT I 90; siiziik euv zclirc) tuwgii: (?tii:gii:) nl-dtiru, 'maize', also
tigist 'the sound of clear water' do. 1 3 5 : Xak. called fi:gre fd. 40 (glossed 01-dtlr,.rnri'l-moqfrir
X I ti$]: 'a sound' (dutri) henrcl at night; the 'Iiusked millet' i l l one RIS.).
 DGD
I'U tiikii: 1Iap. leg.; otiomatopocic. Xak. XI bge: tbgit that is 'senior commoners (nl-kibdr
oite says, in calling a puppy (01-cnrw) Mkit: tnina'l-srrwoqa) and junior princes'; the two
tiikii: Kas. III 229. words are used together (muzdou<ca~));,the
origin of .the name age: was in t e tlme
Dis. V. DGE- of Dfi'l-qamayn, when there was a conflict
tiike:- 'to come to.an end, finish', and the like. between his troops and the troops of the T u r k
Survives in S E 'I'ar., Tijrki tiige-ltiigii-; SC before they made peace Kat. I 355.
Uzb. tuga-. TUrkU v~rrff. (a hymn) tiikedi:
'is finished' Toy. I v. 4 ( E T Y 11 177); a.0. Dim. V. DGD-
I r k B 3 (tti:): Uyg. V I I I [Ionp gap] barqa: D tiiket- (tiike:t-) Caus. f. of take:-; 'to
tiikep teze: [long gap] 'all coming to the end bring to an end, complete', and 'the like.
(of their strength) ran away' . . . $u. S a,: S.i.a.m.1.g.; see tliketi:. Uyg. vrrr ff." Bud.
vrrr ff. kirii tiikeser 'if they have finally tiiket- beems to be used only as an AILX.' V.
entered' T T V 22, 35; tuyguluk bilgiililk denoting completed action, e.g. k ~ l uttkket-
yo1 tolmlg tiikemig i i ~ i i n'because the way mig a y ~ fkllxnqlartm
i 'the sins which I have
which they must perceive and know is fulfilled committed' Suv. 139, 3-16; 140, 7; rdt tiiket-
and completed' do. 24, 79; (Sanskrit lost) m i $ 'he has sent' Hiien-ts. 75; rnunda tegii
tiike:mig do. V I I I A.I I ;(I could not prevent tiiketip 'having arrived here' do; 9 6 7 ; a.0.
him) erkirn tiikernedi 'ttly authority was do. 2071-2: Xak. XI 01 1:gxn tiiketti: 'he has
insufficient' PP 27,4; (loading the ship) tiike- finished (farago) his task' Kay. I1 309 (tiike:-
c a f e 'until (its capacity) was cxhausted' do. tu:r (sic), tiiketme:k): KB k f m i ~yagl
34, 3: Civ. tiikedi a l t ~otuz [saki$] 'tiumber aitmlg tiiketse saklg 'whoever reaches the
26 is ended' T T V I I 21, 5 ; a.o.0.; tiike- 'to age of sixty' 367; a.0. 2051: xrri(?) At. tiike-
conie to an end' occurs several times in the tiir 'umurnr bu yazxm kiiziim 'this summer
calendar text T T V I I I L.: Xak. xr 1:g tiike:- and autumn complete my life' 472: Tef. ditto
di: 'the task has been completed (tomma) and 317: Gag. xvff. tiiket- lamdm kardon 'to
nothing has remained'; and one says bu: ag 'complete' Sart. 182r. x3' (quotns.)' Xwar. xrv
karnugka: tlike:di: 'the food went round tliket- 'to finish' (e.g. a speech) QII& 189;
(wo$nlo . . . rua bolato) to everyone'; this is one 102: Krp. xv if you wish to say 'finish the work
of the words with two contrary meanings on which you are engaged' or 'eat up the food
(mirta'l-oddrid) KOS.111270 (no Aor. or Intin.; which is in front of you' you say tiiket Kav.
the two contrary meanings are 'to come to an 77, 2; tiiket- is also entered in the margin
end' and 'to go round completely without of Tuh. 68. 13 against aqna'a 'to kill' ( h r - in
being exhausted') : K B I 14,'etc. (alkin-), 976, ,text).
1047, iogd, etc.: xrrr(?) At. tiikedi sazi 'his
speech has come to an end' 486; Tef. take'- 'D tiktilr- (d-) Caus. f.'of tik-; s.i.s.m.l. with
ditto 316: xrv Muh. fan; 'to come to an end' a more restricted range of meanings than
tii:ke- Mel. 30, 3 (tiiken- Rif. I 13). tik-. Xak. XI 01 to:n tiktiirdi: 'he ordered
the sewing (xiydfo) of the garment, and it was
' Dls. DGC sewn' Kap. I1 174 (tiktiiriir, tiktilrme:k):
D tikii'q Hap, lei.; crasis of *tikgiig N.I. fr. (xrv Muh.(?) snharto wa qarra 'to dwell or
tik-. Xak. X I tikiiq 01-minsago lapastry-cook's settle in' diktiir- Rif 1x0; this should prob.
be read dk! t u r - ) Gag. xv ff. tikMr- (spelt)
inlplement for ornamenting bread and cakes' Caus. f. ; to order to sew' (dczcinida) and 'to
'Kay. 1 3 5 8 .
order to erect' (ba-narb .faimriddn) San. 197r.
Dis. DGD 18: Xwar. xrrr(?) kxrk kulaq ~ g a q ntik- ~
D(F) tegit Plur. in - t of t6gi:n, q,v.; the tiirdi 'he had a pole forty fathoms high erected'
only other word which forms n similar Plur. is ,0&364': xrv tiktiir- 'to have (a tent) pitched'
t a r x a n and there is no douht that both these Qutb 179.
titles were borrowed fr. some earlier language
(see tarxan), and that the I'lur. Suff. - t is D toktiir- (d-) Caus. f. of t6k-; s.i.s.m.1.
foreign also. There is, however, no reasonable Xak. XI 01 su:v toktiirdi: 'he ordered the
doubt that its resemblance to the Mong. I'lur. pouring out (jobb) of the water' (etc.) Kay. II
Suff. -d is purely fortuitous. The other sup- 174 (toktiiriir, toktiirme:k): Gag. xvff.
posed Plurs. in -t listed in v. G. ATG para. tBktur- Caus. f.; 'to order to pour out'
65 are not Plurs.; sii:t (sii:d) is a basic word, ,(rizdnidnn) Son. 182r. I 2.
takgut a Dev. N. in - u t and the other words
Dev. N.'s in -gut. Uyg. vrrr ff. Man. (in a list T r i s . DGD
of dignitaries) t a r x a n tkgitler Cici biIgeler D tiiketi: Ger:of tiiket- used as an Adv.;
M I 31, s (ii): Bud. (in a list) tegitler buy- 'completely' and the like. Survives in some
r u k l a r U I I I ~ Z ,0.0.
~ ~Surr.
; 608, 10; 620,9: NE languages as tiigede R 1111638. Tiirkii
Civ. (in a list bf persons, etc., to whom fines nre vrr1 I S r , II N I (kgid-): VXIIff. Man. tegri
to be paid) ogian tegitlerke USp. 78, 12; aygln titketi xqlayur biz 'we carry out God's
a.0. I 15, 16-17: Xak. xr tegit Plur. of t4gI:n commands completely' T T 11 6, 3 ; 0.0. do.
it was originally a word for 'slave' (al-'abd) 8, 55; Chuor. 212 (edgii:ti:), 257, 285: Bud.
then it was turned (piyyira) into a title (laqab) a l k u tiiketi berip 'giving everything com-
of the sons of xdqcins (01-26qriniya); it is an pletely' PP 28, 3; 0.0. U I1 21, 1 ~ 2 0etc. ,
irregular ('nlri go~~i'l-qiydf) Plur.; one says (tiizii:): 0. Kir. rx ff. Mol. 11, 3(?) (y~lkl:).
 4x0 DIS.
1)is. DGG take'; thc l ' k m . say al;kcak and thc nepnti~e
L) tikig Ucv. N. fr. tik-; nlraning obscure, is clegiil I'trh. 47a. 9 ; a.o.0.: O s m . xlv ti.
hut clearly some kind of discomfort, 'itching' c.i.a.p.; until carly xvl spelt clegiil T T S I 188;
or 'pricking'? N.0.a.b.. but cf. tikfgllg. Uyg. II 270-1; I11 175-6; IV 199: X ~ I I I degiil
V I I I ff. Bud. (then the Buddha washed the sick
(spelt) nist 'is not' (quutn. Ifaydar Tilbe); this
monk; and with the touch of the hair on his word is not used in Cat., I>ut is used by the
soft arrn) etozlndekl a[grlR] ? tikigl stinup 'I'urks of Irin and Iifiln Son. 224r. 17.
'the pain(?) and itching in his bodv died down'
(and his illness disappeared) U I11 38, 35. D tilke:l ['ass. Dev. N . / A . fr. tilke:-; 'co~n-/ ,,
plete, entire', and the like. Survives in SC
PUI) tiigek ( d - ) Dev. IN. fr. tiig-. Survives Llzh. tugnl. Tiirkii v11r ff. (three years later
in S\V Osm. diigekldtivek 'a trailing plant'. they riiet again) kop esen tUke:l 'all safe and
Xak. xr tiigek al-farir that is 'a wooden rinp sountl' IrkB 15; o.o. (tiikel) do. 27, 42: Uyg.
at the end of a cord with which loads are V I I I ff. Man.-A tukel e r d e m l i g 'completely
fastened' Koy. 11 287. tirtuous' M 1 12. 18: Dud. tuke:l bilge: 'the
(Buddha) ?'T VIII 11.5, 6; U I 1 79,
D tiigiik (d-) I'ass. Dev. N./A. fr. t u g - ; lit. all-wise'
54; I11 34, 2; 35, 24; esen tiikel PP 22, 6;
'knotted'. Pec. to K U ? Xak. X I Kt3 b u kaqlm ;+, 3 etc.; o n a y a g klllnc tiikel k i l d l r n ~ z
tiigiiki 'this knitting of my brows' 816; e r s e r 'if we have corn~nittedall the ten evil
s a k l n q ~ ntiiguk 'frowning in deep thought' deeds' 7'TI V 8 , 75; n.o. do. VIII B.IO (blq-
1563; tiiguk yiiz R T I ~s 8 z 'a frowning face runul-): Civ. (the three signs of thirst)
and bitter words' 2577. tUke:l kazoniir 'all appear' TT VIII I.9;
f)tokiik (d-) Pass. Dev. N./A. fr. tok-; lit. such phr. as tukel a l d l m 'I have received i l
p u r e d out'. Survives in SW Rep. Turkish full', and tukel b e r d i m 'I have paid in full
diikiik (and dBkiik s a q ~ k )(of hair, etc.) are common in USp.: Xak. XI tUke:l al-
'hanging loosely over the shoulders'. UyB. -2arndnr 'cornpletior~';and one calls 'a complete
V I I I ff. Uud. a$ yeklerke iqgeklerke s a q ~ g thing' (at-~ay't~'l-fdmm) tiike:l; hence one says
t6kiik 'scattered offerings and libations to the tUke:l algrl 'rcccivc in full' (tdnrma(n)) Kaf.
hungry demons (Hend.)' T T VI 265-6: Civ. I 412; 6 0.0. (tukel/tiike:l/tu:ke:l) usually
say@ tokiik TT L711 25, 7. meaning 'completely': K D tiikel k11 tilek
'fulfil his every wish' r 1 6 ; (if wisdom is cool-
Tris. D G G bined with understanding) bolur e r tukel
'a man becotnes con~plete'225; tukel botsa
1) tiklglig (d-) P.N./A. fr. tikig; survives in ..
. a y 'when the moon becomes full' 733;
SW Osm. dikili 'stitched, sewn'. Uyg. ~ 1 1 f1f . 8.0.0.: XIII(?) At. hawHdSrllklmnl tiikel
Hud. Suv. 585, 13-15 ( a g r l g l ~ g ) :Xak. X I bilsti 'may he fully know my love for him' 80;
tikiglig to:n 'a sewn (nlrisaj,ya!) garment' a.o. 199 (egsii:-); Tef. tiikel ditto 316: (Gag.
KO#.I 509. xv ff. tiikel tofa!r/~tis rca ccnst-cri 'investigation.
D t6kuklug (d-) P.N./A. fr. tokiik; lit. diligent search' Son. 183r. 6; obviously based
'poured (into a container)'. X a k , XI tokiikliig on a misunderstandin~ofsome kind, cf. Osm.):
tarlij 'wheat (etc.) which is stored' (nrafiirr) Xwar. X I I I tlikel 'all, completc(ly)' 'Ali 5 2 :
k'17$. I 509. x ~ ditto
v Qritb 18y: Kom. 'complete, comple-
tinn' tiikel/liigel C C G ; Cr. 259 (quotn.):
Dis. DGL Klp. slv diikel al-cami' 'all' fd: 49: Osrn.
( I C ) tegiil (d-) 'is not'. T h e word seems X I V ff. diigell 'all, the whole'; very common
to hare been specifically II'estcrn, rather than till about X V I I T T S I 238; 11 335; I11 220
OQuz in the narrow sense. Kas.'s etymology (occasionally tiikeli; the only word der. fr.
looks like a folk one but may be correct, and t0ke:- in which (I- is at all cornrnon): xvrrr
is supported by the NW ICk., Nog. form tuvll. tiigeli (spelt) in Rrimi, canti' wa ctimla; also
Also survives in NW Kaz. tiigel; Kumyk spelt with d- San. 1 8 3 ~7; . some entry reversed
tugiil; SIV Az. deyll; Osm. degilldeyil; do. 225r. 23.
I k m . del. O g u z X I tegiil lnyso kadtilika 'is
not so'; originally taken from the Argu: phr. 1) tegliik (d-) contracted Pass. Dev. N./A. fr.
dn:R 01 with d - changed to t-, -g- to -8-, tegil-, q.v.; 'hlind'. N.0.a.h.; modern lan-
and the two alifs elided Kaf. 1 393; 111 153 guages use for 'blind' either the Pe. I.-w. ker
(1 da:g) and four 0.0. in Oguz phr.: ~ I I I ( ? ) (in Turkish kor) or Mong. sokor or a peri-
Tpf. degiil ditto I 17; tegul 294: x ~ Muh.v if phrasis. TiirkIi V I I I ff. I r k s 24 (emig): Uyg.
vou (wish to) say 'it was not' (md kdna) you V I I I ff. Man.-A (they curse one another saying)
Say yo:k erdi: or deyii:l erdl: meaning n16 tegliik t e g '(you are) like a blind man' M I
kdna or layso kana Me!. 19, 17; Rif. 99: Gag. 9, I 5 : Man. klizsiiz tegliik 'blind (Hend.)'
xv ff. tiigiil d~giilC'el. 217 (qu(>tns.fr. Luffi): M 1 18, 6 (i); a.0. TT 111 89: Chr. tegliik
Xwar. vrrr degil 'Aliz7: xrv degiil MN 353: M 111 49, 3: 13ud. t u b a tegluk 'born blind'
Korn. XIV dewlil .CCG; Gr. 83 (quotna.): U 11 zy, 14, etc. (tug-): Civ. tegliik b o l u r
KIP. x ~ vdegIi1 laysa Id. 49: xv layso both T7' VII 33, I r : Xak. X I tegllik at-darir
degiil and tiigiil; the first is better known 'blind'; hence one says tegliik kbzliig 'a
(ayhnr) and most cornnionly used Kau. 28, 1: blind man' Kt?$.I 477 (misvocalized tiigliik):
(in a granllnatical Section) and the negative K o m . xrv 'blind' ttiwluk C C I ; Gr.: KIP.
is tuyul, you say alas1 tiiyiil m e n 'I will not X I I I r~l-~r',~rd 'hlintl' ( k b z s l z ; and one says)
 tewtiik Ifou. 26 8 : xlv (under td' with lim) xrrr tii:kii:l-/dokii:l- 'to come tu an end'
tU:lUk 01-o'md fd. 4; (?misunderstanding of 'Ali 48 (these look like erron for tiikel-, but
tewliik or tawliik?). in view of the spelling must be old ones):
xrv tokiil- 'to be ooured. shed' Outb 184:
nt-
"IS.
X, n-,
I. ""L-
om. xrv 'to-be &red dut' tag&- ccd:
Gr.: KIP. xlv tdboddodo 'to & scattered;
D te811- (d-) Pass. f. of t e e - ; properly 'to he t6kel- (ric, ? in error) ~ ~ 4or.
1 .
reached', but nearly always 'to be blinded' (i.e.
reached by some sharp object). N.0.a.b. UyR. D tiklin- (d-) Hap. leg.; Refl. f. of tikil-.
vrrr ff. Man.-A 6zUt axro:lankaru a g m a k Xak. xr y12a:c tiklindi: intasoba'l-xn$ob 'the
tegilmek 'the ascent of souis to the carendat piece of-tikbir (etc.) waa v&ically'
and their absorption in it(?)' M 111 12, r j (i): Kof. I1 244 (tiklinU:r, tlk1lnme:k).
Man. tegilmis kazler [gap] 'hlinded eyes'
TT I11 71 : Bud. (the merchant in the dark D tiigliin- (d-) Hap. leg.; Refl. f. of tIigiil-.
fell over a tree and) s6giit butlklga k6zi Xak. xr su:v bogazda: tijgliindi: 'the water
teglp b i r k6zi tegildi 'his eye ran into the got caught (in'oqado) in the throat, and the
branch of the tree and one eye was blinded' man choked (foriqa) over it'; and one says
T T 111, p. 2 8 , note 71, 3-4: Xak. X I an10 ytp tiigliindi: 'the cord (etc.) got into a knot'
kkzl: teglldi: 'his eye was blinded' (a'worrot) (in'aqodo) Kay. II 244 (tiiglUnu:r, tligliin-
Kop. 11 1x0 (tegiliir, tegi1me:k): XIII(?)At. me:k).
tegilmez m u r i i d k a a k l e r teger 'the D t6kliin- (d-) Refl. f. of tgkiil-; n.0.a.b.
generous man attains unattainable wishes' Uyg. v r r ~ff. Civ. t6klun- to he poured out'
234; Tef. t6gil- 'to be attained (?)'293; 'to be H I1 6, 9: Xak. xr su:v tokliindi: 'the water
blinded' 301 (mistranscribed tikil-). was poured out' (inpobbo ma sukibo) Kap. II
D tikil- (d-) Pass. f. of tik-; s.i.m.m.1.g. with 244 (tbkliinii:r, t6kliinme:k).
the same rather wide range of meanings; in D tegler- unusual taus. f. in -er- (-ur- rnight
SW Az., Osrn., 'rkm. dikil-. Xak. X I Yiga:q be expected) of tegil-. N.0.a.b. Uyg. vlrl ff.
tikildi: 'the tree was planted' (Rtrrisot); atso man.-^ (they threw stones at Zrug$ Buman.
used when something is set up vertically ~ h ,tones
, came back at them and) bapla-
(iniafaba. qz'imo(n)) Kay. II 130 (tikilur* r m I ? sidl kBzlerinl t e l l e r t i 'broke1 their
head's and blinded IthGr] eyes' M&.-uig.
D tiigiil- Pass, f. of tiig-; 'to be knotted, Frog. 400, 11-12: B U ~ . a m t m ~ u n i Ski k a z
tied'. S.i.s.m.l. Xak. xr tiigii:n tiigiildi: teglerip sanqayln 'now I will pierce both
in'oqodo'l-'uqdo 'the string got into a knot'; his eyes and blind him' PP 57, 5-6; a.0. 58,
also used when somtone has knotted it 5-6.
('oqodahd ioyrt~lrrr;i.e. to he knotted'); both D tiklig- (d-) Hap. leg.; Co-op. f. of tlkil-.
Intrans. and Pass. (tiigiilur, tIigii1me:k); Xak. xr y12a:q tikligdi: 'the piece of timber
and one says ag bogazda: tiigiildi: '(the man) (etc.) was placed vertically' (intapbo) Kay.
choked (Busso) over the food, and it got caught II 207 (tikligikr, tlk1igme:k).
(in'oqodo) in his throat' Kof. II 130 (ttigiiliir,
tiigUlme:k repeated): K B tiigiildi yiiziig D tiigliig- (d-) Hap. leg. ; Co-yp. f. of tiigiil-.
'your face (i.e. brow) was knitted' 795; Xak. XI ylp1a:r tiigliigdi: the cords (all)
tiigiilmig tugtin 5817: Qag. xvff. tiigiil- got into a knot' (in'oqodo) Kay. 11 207 (tiiglii-
('with -2-') girih pdon 'to be knotted' Son. gti:r, ttig1iigme:k).
181 v . 28 (quotno.).
D tokliig- (d-) Co-op. f. of tokiil-. Survives
D takiil- (d-) Pass. f. of t6k-; 'to be poured in SE Tar. t6kiilUg- R I11 1243. Xak. xr
out' and the like'. S.i.a.m.l.g.; SW Osm., taklugdi: ne:g inrobboti'l-o~yd rua tasGyaht
Tkm. dokill-. Tiirkti vlrr T 52 ( ? ; see t6k-): 'the things were (all) poured out and allowed
vrrr ff. Man. lrig k a n t6kiilUr 'the foul blood to flow' Kap. II 207 (t8kliigU:r, t8kliigme:k;
pours out' M 1 6 , 4-5; a.0. do. 5 , i I (tegii-): the second vowel looks more like -e-).
Uyg. VIII ff. Bud. U I 26, 15-16 (Iistiirti:);
. .-
USo. 106.. 16 (leIa:-): Suv. ~ 6 6 ?. (6s-): Civ.
(if one breaks a vesse'lj icind>ki i a i ~ gt6kul-
Tris. DGL
PUD tigilig P.N./A. fr. tigi:; 'noisy. resound-
giike [gap] '[it makes] the delicacies in it spill' ing'. N.0.a.b. Uyg. v l ~ r f f . Bud. tigilig
T T I 199: Xak. xr su:v t6kiildi: 'the water
was poured out' (nriqa); also used of anything
.
yankulug . .unin 'with a resounding echoing
voice' TT X 191-2; same phr. do. 318; Srrv.
composed of individual units (iczd') which 346, 21.
pour out and scatter (tonhfil wa tonlobb) for
example wheat or flour when it is scattered D tiikellig P.N./A. fr. tukel; 'perfect'.
over something; this verb is both Intrans. N.0.a.b. Uyg. VIII ff. Man.-A barga e d g u
and Pass. Kay. II 130 (tiikiiliir, tokiilme:k): kihnqka tiikellig b o l a l ~ m'may we become
jcrrr(?) At. tillndln toktildi t e l i m e r k a n ~ perfect in all good deeds' M I z9,30-r : Bud.
many men's blood has been shed by the bilge biligke tUkellig 'perfect in wisdom'
tongue' 142; Tef. tiikijl- 'to be shed, scattered' U I V 10, 77-8; k6rtgunq tize tiikellig
309: Gag. xv ff. tiikiil- rixto ~tcdon 'to be 'perfect in faith' IJSp. 59, 6; 0.0. TT VI 352;
poured out' Son. 181v. 27 (quotn.): Xwar. VIII 0.37. etc.: Civ. alku ediremke (for
 482 TRls. b G L
erdemke) tukellig 'perfect in all virtucs' this degme: occur in the same way that
T T 1'11 17, 21. hrrll occurs in Ar.. the following word being
annexed to it (yrrdrif iloylrd); also (the phr.)
VU tiigii1tii:n Hap. leg.; various attempts teylne bir an*a: Gsonler,with oppo-
have been made to find an etymolog~and sition ( x i l ~ i f )between the annexer and the
meaning for this word, but it seems likelier i n this language; bir
that it is merely a geog. name. Tiirkii vrlr anqa: 'like it' mrtluh~r)but the whole phrase
I S 6, 1I N 5 (qogay). neari is 'some' jn'>9 (obscure, but this r e m s
to he the meaning): xv krrllnmri 'evcry time,
T r i s . V. DGL- \vhenever' teyme:, for cxnlnple 'every time
PUL) tigi:le:- Den. V. fr. tigi:; n.o.a.b. Uyfi. (kullanrd, teyme:) that you write a page, I will
vlI, fi, c i v , y ~ uze
l y ~ tlgjlep
l upon give you a dirltnm'; nnd teyme: is used for hull
wind blew howling# T T I 15-r6: xak. c o n n o t i n ~ e p c t i t i o n (al-takrtir): one says
tigi:le:di: ne:g thinR buzzed and rbstled* '1 will give YOU a dirham every month' (teYme:
(dnPCWcwa !laffa) K ~ 11 ~1 .326 (tigi:le:r, ayda:) Kav. 21, 21; kllll t e y m e (?sic, MS.
tigi:le:me:k). time; T k m . h a r ) Tirh. 3 ra. 10 (in margin,in
SW(7) hand degme): Osm. xlv ff. d e g m e
D t1kii:Ie:- Hap. leg.; Den. V. fr. tlkii:. Xak. 'every'; c.i.a.p. T T S I 186; II 267; 111 174;
XI 01 maga: e t tikii:le:di: 'he offered me I V 198.
(~rtiu'alnni)a piece (hrgma) of meat' (etc.); and
ikme: (dm) Pass. Dev. N./A. fr. tik- ;
one says 01 begke: ne:g tikii:le:di: 'he bribed ?
the bq with something'; taken from ,sewn', etc. Survives in S W Osm. as d i k m e
sewn';
the first (meanins!) Kaf. 111 326 ( t i k k l e : ~ , Xak. a I.-w. tikme:in Pe.,ne:g see Doerjer I1sewn,
914.
tikti:le:me:k).
(mtwayyat) Kns. 1 433: K o m . xrv tlkrne
P U D tigileg- Hap. leg.; Co-op. L of t1gI:le:-. 'sewn together' C C I ; 'a post, pillar' CCG; Gr.
Uyg. vrrr ff. Civ. TT I 7 4 (Fagut).
D tugme: (d-) Pass. Dev. N./A. fr. tug-; pro-
perly 'knotted'; the ordinary meaning 'button'
Dis. DGM prob. originally rcferrcd to a cord knotted and
D teglm (d-) N.S.A. fr. teg-; 'entitlement, re-knotted at the end to form a button of a type
what is due', or the like. N.o.a.b., but see still common in China. S.i.s.m.1. meaning
tegimlig. Uyg. vllr ff. Civ. (in a short note 'hutton', in SW Az. diiyme; Osm. diigme/
instructing one person to give another) a l t ~ d u y m e ; Tkm. dligme/diivme. See Doerfet
otuzka tegim kezik agka b i r k a p ' born1 111 I 187. Xak. XI tiigme: 'a button' (zirr) on
'one skin of wine for rations due up to the 26th' a shirt; also the buttons of tunics and cloaks
(of the current month) USp. 75, 2-3; (I have Ka$. I 433: xrv Muh. al-zirr tii:gme: (-g-
received ten sttzrs in coin) onunq ay. o n marked) Mel. 67, I ; A$. 166; (under 'build-
y a g ~ k ategimge bkriirmen 'I will repay it ings'; of-[alrilo 'ald falC!a nqdb (Rif. xqabdt)
duly on the loth of the 10th month' do. 'a ruined building standing on thtee timbers'
113. 4-5. (i.e. with the fourth gone?) (VU) tllgme: 76,
13; 180; perhaps to be transcribed togme:
D t i k i m (d-) N.S.A. fr. tik-: survives in and derived fr. t6:g-): Gag. xvff. tUgme
SW Osm, d i k i m 'an act of sowing or plant- (spelt) 'silk buttonsv(ddnahil-yi ibriSim) which
ing' Xak. XI 'a piece of stuffed meat. ball' they sew on RRmcnts instead of tapes '. . ..
(nl-hiridn mina'l-zrrrnriec~rd) is called. bi:r derived fr, tiig- ate knots .yon, 183r. 12
t i k i m tiirme:k KO$. 1396. (quotn.): Kom. x ~ v'wily, intriguing' t a k m e
tegme: (d-) D ~ N.JA.~ . fr, (?sic; if SO a different word, but hard
to cqnnect semantically with tak-1' C C I ;
6everv, rind the like; the semantic connec-
tion ;vith.teg- is obscure, Survives with the Gr.; button' tliwme ditto: KIP. xrrr al-zirr
sanle in SW Osm. degmeldeyme, tiigme:, which also means 01-racirlrr'l-'ayyrIT
Not to be confused with tbgme: Patticiple in 'an intriguer' Herr. I$, 1: al-'ay~'Gr (PU)
-gme: fr, t&- used in such phr, as sidi tegme do. 258 8: (under "'
mim) tii:mc: (?read tiiwme:) al-zirr.td. 40:
iSig kiidiigiig 'underta!;ings called siddhi,
I 34, xak. tegme: a word (halimo) (Tkm.) dugme: al-zirr; (PU) dugme: a?-
meaning ,every, (kull ohad) -ha!irrr'l-!tila 'very wily' do: 49: 'xv 01-xirr,
I 433
and g 0.0.: K B k i ~ i k ek e r e k t e g m e y6rde toyme; Tkm' dUgme 5 , ' ' !'
bitiy ''a nlan needs acquaintances in every
country' 497; t e g m e kunde 'every day' 967:' T r i s . DGM ., .
XIII(?)KRPP t e g m e biri 'every one of them' D tegimlig P.N./A. fr. t e g i m ; 'worthy;'
18; 7'ef. t e g m e ditto 293: X I V Rbg. t6gme deserving', and the like; usually preceded by
;y6rde R J I I 1040: Xwar. x ~ r rt k g m e ditto Noun in Uat. or verb in Ger. in -gall:/-geli:
Ali 5 2 ; X I V ditto Qutb 177; t e g m e MN 250; 'worthy of, or to be'. N.0.a.b. Uyg. vrrl ff.
Nohc. 250, 10: Kom. xrv 'every' t e g m e C C I ; Man. teklmligqe (sic) iglerig i g l e t l ~ i z
Gr.: KIP. xlv teyriie krtll Id. 41; (Tkm.) kull have done your work worthily' TT III 72;
degnle: (and h a r ) Bul. 16, I ; degme: hull; Tokharian (a jewel) 'worthy to be worn on the,
one says degme: kigi: 'everybody', and irk crown of the head' toz tif iite tutkalt t e k i m -
Knp, t e y m e kiqi:. T e y m e meaning krrll and llg (sic) do. I S 16; 9.0. $0. 26: Bud. e y a g k a ,
 tePirnlli2 'worthv of resocct'. a verv common 'my adult name was Yaruk 'I'egin' Mal. rg, I
stdck enshet of aods. ~ b d d h b sand'holv rnen (not a royal prince): Xak. xr t6gf:n in its
U 1 2 8 ; 12; II 32, 64; 77, 18; T T I V rb, 29; ofiginal meaning ( f i asli'l-lu&~) 'a slave' (ol-
V I I I A.29; X 83, 108, etc.; [gap] kargeli - abd); hence one says ktlmiig t6gi:n 'a slave
tegimlig bolt1 'has become worthy to see of faultless colouring like silver', a l p t6gl:n
(or he seen by ?)' U .IJI I 7 , 13; a.o. U I V 46, 'a robust (calad) slave' and kutlug t6gI:n
57-8 (ata:-): Civ. ayagka tegimlig 'vener- 'a blessed (mubdrak) slave'. Then this noun
able', perhaps here a Noun 'monk' follows was made an exclusive appellation (&a
P.N.s in USp. 15, 8; 61, 4; 84, 3; 88,6: Xak. mahda) for the sons of the XfiqHns and is com-
X I K B slHg bolsa k u t k a t e t i m l i g bolur bined with the names of birds of prey, e.g.
'if he becomes pure, he deserves the favour of Cagrl: tegi:n, that is 'a prince (2Lgi:n) with
heaven' 2446. the strength of a falcon' (al-bdzi); ktlg t6gl:n
'strong prince'. This name was transferred
D tegimsiz Priv. N./A. fr. t e g l m ; 'unworthy from slaves (01-mamtili) to the sons of Affi-
(of)'. N.0.a.b. Uyg. V I I I ff. Chr. biz tapln- siyiib becn~tsethey respected their fathers and
g u k a tegimsiz e r m l g biz 'we were unworthy whenever .iley addressed or wrote to theni they
of respect' U I 9, I : Bud. U I V 46, 64-5. said or wrote 'your slave has done so-and-so'
(ata:-): Xak. XI K B teglmsiz t a p u g birle deoreciatinn themselves and exalt in^ their
I t 6 r k e t e g i r 'an unworthy man by rendering fa;hers. A& that thev were known Geciallv
service attains a place of honour' 614; teglm- by this name; but the'word remained as t h i
Slz klgi 2516, 4074. name of a slave when it was combined with
something which was clearly distinguished
T r i s . V. DGIvI- from them (i.e. princely names) Kas. I 413;
D Mgmelen- (d-) Refl. Den. V. fr. tiigme:;' 0.0. I 355 (t6git); 357 (begec); III 368
to button'. The banic form tiigmele- is (toga:): (KB kayusl tegin beg, 4068, is an
noted in KIP. and survives with the same erroneous conjecture by Arat; the MSS.
meaning in SW Az. dtlymele-; Osrh. dIig- indicate rather kayusl kiil erkin): x ~ v Muh.
mele-/dtlymele- and with a slightly different: (?) (in a list of titles) min abnri'i'l-umord 'an
meaning in Tkrn. diivmele-, with this Hefl. omir's son' teg1:n (mis-spelt begi:n) Rif. 145
f. as the Pass. Xak. XI e r ttlgmelendi: 'the (only): Gag. xv ff. tegin in the (Pe. ?) Ogus
man fastened the buttons (gadda . . . azrdr) Nama in introducing the account of BuQra
of his shirt' Kaf. I11 zoz (tiigmelenu:r, Xan it is said that he had three sons named
tUgme1enme:k). El Tegin, Kuzl Tegin, and Siibtlk T e g i n ; '
and the meaning of tegin in the language
of the Turks is 'good-looking' (nikB pirat)
, Dis. DGN Son. 158r. 9 : Klp. xlrl (id the list of names
(F) tegin (or 7 tegkn) a very old title, like of slaves) aydegi:n amit p m a r 'mler of the
t a r x a n , q.v., inherited fr. some earlier non- moon', wa huwa l&a Hou. 29, 18.
Turkish language, as shown by the fact that
it had the nowTurkish PI. f. tegit, q.v. In the tegiD See teyiD'
Turku period it meant 'prince' in the limited D t i k f n (d-) crasis of *tikge:n Dev. N./A. fr.
specific sense of 'a son, or grandson, of a t l k - ; thom'. S.i.a.m.1.g.; in SW Osm. diken,
ruling xognn'; after that period it was used but Az., Tkm. tiken; see Doerfer 11 915.
in a much less restricted sense as a title of, A Dim. f. tikenek. is first noted in KID. xrrr
honour of diminishing importance, but d ~ d and also s.i.s.m.1. kith the same or a siightly
not survive the Mongolian invasion. Its history different meaning. Uyg. vIIr ff. Bud. (there
is discussed at great Iength in Doerfer I1 922 is an iron tree a mile high) sit1 y d g i m i e q e k
(which contains some errors) and more briefly uzunl t e m i r l l g tikenleri 01 'it has iron
in Bosworth and Clauson, 'al-Xwirazmi on the thorns sixteen fingers (i.e. inches) long' T M
Peoples of Central Asia', JRAS, 1965, p. 7. fV 253, 65-6: Civ. H 11 6, 5 : Xak. XI tlken
It is noteworthy that both Kaf. and Son. a thorn' (al-gawk), it is so pronounced only
give wholly erroneous hccounts of its origin. as an abbreviation (al-%a); by rule (al-@y?s)
Tiirktl VIII the prince commemorated in I was. it should be pronounced tikken with -kk-;
Kill TBgin. younger son of elterig Xagan; this noun is derived from tikdi: garazo ow
both I end I I were drafted by Yollug Tegin,, cazzaza aw nasasa 'to prick o r pierce' some-
the a h : ('grandson or nephew') of Bilge: thing; the (first) -k- is basic, and the second
Xagan (see I S 13; SW; 11 SW) who was is added to make it an Adj. (fija) (other
himself a tegln (see I E 17, II E 14) when his examples of the same construction follow,
uncle succeeded his father as M a n ; four tevdl: - tevge:n, ~ a m d i :- @mge:n,
tegins attended the funeral of Kiili Cor Ix. siktl: - sikke:n) Kaj. 1 400; 111 44 (yan-
24: Uyg. VIII O z m ~ gTBgin x a n bolmig dak) and 4 0.0. all spelt tike;n: K B tiken
'Ozmig T6gi11 became xan' $u. N 9 (N.B. the 01 ukuglugka dunyE tolu to a man of'
last Tiirkti ratan): vlrl ff. Man. M ZZZ 14, 3 understanding this world is full of thorns'
(iii) (igtd-): Bud. the two royal princes in PP P383; a.0. 3846 (cikne:-): XIII(?) Tef. tiken
were called EdgU Bgll tegln and A y ~ g6gll' thorn' 301: At. 376 (ed1e:-): Gag. XV ff.
tbgin; Tegriken K u t l u e B a r s TBgin P.N. tiken xr?t 'thorn', in Ar. gamk Son. 19%. 23
(prob. not n royal prince) T T ZV, p. 20, note' (quotn.): Xwar. XIV ditto MN7, etc.; (tiken-
B69, n: 0. Kir. rx ff. e r a t l m Y a r u k Tegin slz 'thornless' Q ~ t b178): Kom. xrv 'thom"
 b l s . bc;N
tlgenek C C G ; Gr.: KIP. xirr ol-yaruk tike:- egnidin elige teging 'from his shoulder to
n e k ; T k m . tike:n Horr. 9, I : xrv tikenek hts hand' (ISseventy cubits) 293.
a/-~owkfd. 39; (Tkm.) diken ditto 49: xv
01-(orilk tikenek (mis-spelt tekcnpk) Kaw. 59, INS. V. DGN-
9; ~amktikenek TI^. zla. 3 ('also without the D tegin- (d-) 1tcfl,f, of teg- ; with a curiously
final -ek' in the margin). \vide range of meanings; ( I ) (occasionally) 'to
reach, attain (soniethin~ Dot.)', very occn-
IJUD t6gii:n (?dLigo:n) 'a brand'; presum- sionally without an Indirect Obj.; (2) tegin-
ably Dev. N. fr. to:g- although the sem- m e k was the word choscn to translate the
antic connection is obscure. Survives only Uuddhist technical term c i ~ h t r A 'sensation,
(?) in SW Osm. dogun 'tattoo mark' Red. perception (of external objects)'; (3) most
926 (only ?). See 2 da:g, ti3gne:-, tagiinlig. commonly it is used as a sclf-depreciatory
Xak. X I t6gu:n a/-warn rua'l-kayy 'a mark Aux. V. f~lllowingn Ger. in -u:/-U: 'to venture
(of ownership), brand' KO?. I 414; XIII(?) (to do something)' in direct antithesis to the
Tef. togiin "brand' 318 (tiikiin): Gag. xv ff. Honorific Aux. V. yar1lka:- 'to deign (to
tllgen (sic, with -g-') drig- 'brand' Vel. 216 do something)'. Survives in NE Icoib.. Sag.
(quotn.); ditto Son. 183r. 7 (quotn.). tegin- (of a sword or lance) 'to penetrate'
R 111 1034. Uyg. v r ~ rff. Man. okryu tegin-
D tiigiin (d-) Dev. N. fr. tiig-; 'a knot'. d i m ' I hrvc ventured to recite' M I 29, 15;
S.i.a.m.l.g. w. some phonetic changes; in SW otiinu t e k i n u r m e n (sic) 'I venture to ask'
Az. diiyiin; Osm. diigiin/diiyiin ('marriage, T T ILK 54; 0.0. do. 5 , 44; T T III 175:
or circurncision, feast', see KIP. below; 'knot' Chr. bltlyii teginelim Zaxarlya dlndarnlg
is diigiim/diiyiim); 'I'krn. dugin/diiviin. oliim teginmigi 'we shall venture to recite
See L)oerfpr I1 978. U y k vrrr ff. Ilud. a m r a n - how the high priest Zacharias rnet his death'
m a k l l g b a g tiigiinin 'with the bonds (Hend.) U I 9 , 9-1 r : Bud. (may we he saved from this
of love' U 11183, I : Xak. XI tugiin al-'uqda sinful body and) k u r t u l m a k yolka teginellm
'a knot' Knf. I 400; 111 270 (bekii:-), and attain the way of salvation' PP 52, 1-2; a n l n
about 30 0.0.. all except one spelt tiigiI:n: bizig ykrtinqu kozetqi t6p atrmtz teginUr
KB yazlldl tiigiin 'the knot was untied' 150; 'this is how wc have come by our title of
0.0. (mainly with yaz- or y a z ~ l - ) 172, 283 "world guardians" ' (Sanskrit lokapcilo) Suu.
(berk) 1084, 1856, 4029, etc.: Gagag. xvff. 401, 9-10: teginmek translating wedanz TT
tiigiin ('with -gy') girjh 'knot' Vel. 216; V 24, 66 ff. ( a h - ) ; U II 6, 14 ff.; yaglgllg
tiigiin (spelt) ginh wa trqda Son. I 83r. I I taplRtmlznl teglnip 'noticing our service of
(quotn.); diigiin (I) xirih; (2) stir rua 'arrisi sacrifice' Suv. 29, 8-9 (possibly an error for
a wedding feast' do. 225r. 26: Xwar. XIV tegiiriip 'offering'); a.o.(?) U I11 4, I (ii)
tiigiin 'a knot' Q~itb189: Klp. xrv diigiin (damaged; s i g h ) ; taplayu t e g i n d i m 'I have
01-'rrqda; (after dug-) hence cain'11'1-'urs ventured to he satisfied' (to keep your cotn-
'a wedding party' is called dugiln, that is mandments) U 11136, z ; and many 0.0.: Civ.
in'aqoda'l-cnmi' 'there was a contract of mar- USp. 1 5 , 17 (elig): Qigil xr when a king or
riage'; hence S a n c a r dtigunindeyidiik 'we amir in Cigll is notified of the arrival of some-
were at Sancar's wedding' Id. 49: xv 'a knot' one one says to him 01 tegindi: that is 'he has
('uqda) in a cord or the like (baw and) tiiyiin arrived' (Itadorn) n~cal~ing 'tic ia glad to have
Tub. zga. 3. arrived' (fahnllnfa hi'l-mtiiiil); similarly when
he has gone one says to hinl tegindi:; the
PU tekne: 'a trough'; perhaps an early I.-w. Oguz dislike (trrhfid) this word Kng. II 143
Survives in (SE 'I'iirki tegleltegne?); NC (tegina:r, teg1nme:k; presumably the Oguz
Kzx. tegene; SC Uzb. tegnna; SW Az., Osm. disliked the sclf-deprec~atory connotation):
tekne. Xak. xr tekne: al-nnqir 'a trough' Kas. Klp. xrrr tnrua$fnla 'to reach' degin- Horc. 39,
1 4 3 4 : xsv Muh.(?)al-!ott 'basin' (PU) tekne: 3 desin-
{unvocalized) Rif. 170 (only): Kom. XIV
basin, water trough' tegene C C I ; Gr.: RIP: D tuken- Refl. f. of tiike:-; 'to come to an
xrv tekene: (sic) al-napir fd. 39: xv dasqarr end, be exhausted', and the like. Prob. only
(sic, corrupt Pe.) 'basin' tekene Tuk. rgb. 8: fortuitously first noted in xrlr(?). Survives in
Osm. x v ~ r ltekne: (spelt) in Riirni, 'a large NC Kir. tiigon-; SW Osm., 'llm. tiiken-.
round vessel carved out of wood in which they (Xak.) xrrr(?) Tef. tavarslzka bilgi tiiken-
wash things and knead dough'; and metaph. m e z t a v a r 'to the poor man his knowledge
'a small round boat used to cross a piece of is inexhaustable wealth' 127; Tpf. Uiken- (of
water' San. 158r. 5. food) 'to be exhausted' 316 (tiigen-): xrv Muh.
fond tu:ke:n- Rif. 113 (Mel. tii:ke-, q.v.):
D teginq Dev. N. fr. tegin-; etymologically Gag. xv ff. tiiken- tamdnr prdan 'to come to
this should mean 'reaching, attainment', but an end' Sun. 1 8 2 ~ .z (quotns.): Xwar. xlrr
the meaning in Uyg. is obscure, and in Tej. diiken- ditto 'Ali 56: xrv tiiken- ditto Qurb
the word is syn. w. tegi: and looks like an 189; AfN 439: K o m . xrv ditto tiigen- CCG;
abbreviation of the Equative form in - r e of Gr. 259 (quotns.): Krp. xrv tliken- faraga
tegin (tegi:). Cf. teglnqsiz. Uyg. vrrr ff. 'to come to an end, he idle' Id. 39: (Tkm.)
Rud. Sanskrit ksanasagrripdtor!~ 'whose meet- diiken- ditto do. 49; faraga tiiken- Ultl. 69v.:
ing lasts (only) a moment' t e g i n ~ n i gylgll- xv ditto Kaw. 9, 22; 77, 2; Tuh. 28h. t : tamma
ma:kln TT VIII 0.16: (Xak.) XIII(?) Tef. 'to come to nn end' tiiken- do. 9a. 5 ; rraqida
 D I S . V. D G R
and the sea' T 18-19; 0.0. do. 26, 47: vrrr ff. I> tlgrerj- IIap. leg.; Co-op. f. of tlgre:-.
ng1:ge: kagl:ga: tegil:rmi:g 'it brought hirn X a k . X I a t l a : r acja:k~: tigregdl: 'the horses'
to his father and mother' IrkD 35: UJ'~. ~ 1 1 ff. 1 hooves clattered (together)'; and one says
Man.-A y a m k tegri y e r i ~ et e g u r d e q i 'con- ogla:n tlgrescii: 'the boys tnddled (together}'
veving them to the countrv of the god of light' (radn'dn'ot, not toro'rn'nt as In printed tcxt)
.1f 1 26, 17-18: Chr. ked kogiil tegliriip Knf. 11 209 (tlgre$ti:r, tigregme:k).
'concentrating your minds' U I 6, I : Bud.
y a g a l a r beglge kln k t z g u t tegiireyin . h i s . DGR
' 1 \v11I inflict tortures (Ilend.) on the lord of I'('1) t l g l r t s i z Iinp. leg.?; this nnd thc fol-
thc elrphnnts' ( 1 II zo, I (ii); t a l u y iigtizke lowina wcrrcl seem to he tnis-spclt nnd both
k l d ~ g ~ gtegiirdl
a 'he conveyed him to the prcsrnt tnorpholofiical ditlicultics; they are,
sea shore' I'P jz, 4-5; 0.0. U I1 15, 8-13; perhaps, Pri\.. N.l.4.s fr. Ilev. N.s fr. t1gre:-
T T V, p. 16, note A54, 6 ( a h ) , etc.: Civ. II and tepre:- respectively, hut even so are hard
I 178 ( s a l k l m ) : Xak. sr o l m a g a : begtlin to interpret. Uyg. r r r l ff. Rud. inqtp t i g l r t s i z
so:, tegurdi: 'he hrouglit me (bnIhgoni) (?tigretslz) tepirtsiz (?tepretsiz) alku
a message from the b q ' (or someone else) tigi cog1 l r a k 601 ildriiimlg 'thus all sounds
f i r . 11 84 ( t e g u r u r , t e g u r m e : k ) ; and (Hend.) (even) those which are not noisy and
several 0.0.: KR tegiirgil 'convey' (my greet- stirring(?) are distant and far removed' Srzu.
ings to all his four Companions) 31 ; krllgka I 66, 5- 7.
tegiirgil s e n o t r u e l i g 'then put your hand
to vour sword' 222; 0.0. 61, 781, 1781, 4462 D tegrekl: (d-) N./A.S. fr. tegre:; 'in the
(telr), 5864 (yoga:gg~:): ::II(?) KBVP b u neighbourhood of' and the like. Pec. to Uyg.
xaqg h 3 c i b a t r n tegiirmi* m u g a 'he Y y g . v ~ ~ r f fBud.
. o l t e g r e k i yCr o r u n
bestowed on him this title of Privy Counsellor' places (Hend.) in that vicinity' USp. 103, 22;
62: XIII(?)At. 331 (1 e m g e k ) ; Tef.t e g u r - 1 0.0. U I1 22, 2 (taplggi:); do. 25, 21-2; T?'
t e g d u r - 'to bring, bestow' 292-4 (tegrti- is X 51-2 (bodun).
a crnsis of tegurii u-): xlv Rhg. tegtir- 'to D tep,lrme:/teglrmi: (tl-) 'round, circular';
hestr~rv' R III 1038 (qirotn.); 11ftrh.(?) n@bn
'to attain' d c g u r - Rif. r o j (11fcI.22, 14 deg-); l)e\.. N.i.4.s in - m e : and -mi: fr. *tegir-.
nrrsnln 'to bring. deliver' t e g u r - 132 (onlv): 'l'hc spelli~ipwith -mi: is pec. to Uyg, and
G a b xv ff. tPgiir- (spclt) Caus. f., rosfinidon srems to he sufficiently common to exclude
thc possibility of niistranscription, it sur-
'to cnnvey, deliver' Salt. r9jr. re (quotns.): vives in S \ V Az. rlcylrmi; Osm. d e g i r m i ,
?(war. srrr tegiir- 'to stretch nut (the hand)'
' , l l i 48: S I V tegiir-ltkgiir- 'to offer, present' hut there docs not seem to be any other trace
of such a suffix. Uyg. ~ I I ff. I Bud. (n golden
Qurb 174-7; MN 130. ctc.; 'to bring' Nohc. drum) k u n t e g r i tilgenl t e g t e g i r m i 'round
381, 2: K o m . x ~ v'to deliver, grant', etc.
teyir- CCG; Gr. 230 (quotns.): O s m . xrv ff. like the disk of the sun' Suv. 92, 18; a.o. do.
d e g u r - (rarely dcgir-) 'to convey, deliver', 490, 21: Civ. (if a mouse) t e g i r m l i s s r s a r
'biter: a rountl hole' (in a garment) TT VII
etc.; common till xv, sporadic till xvrr TTS 36. 3; n.0. do. I 57-8 (esruk): Xak. XI
I 185; 11 267; 111 173; I y 197. t e g i r m c : ne:g 'anything circular' (mrrdaweunr)
I) tigre:- 1Iap. leK.; Ilen. V. fr. t i g i r ; see like a loaf, mill-stone, or coin' Kaj. I 490:
tigret-. Xak. st n t ade:kr: ti$re:dl: 'the O g u z X I the ORuz when they wish to stress
h n r s e ' ~ homes clattered' (dnmiyo); and one the circillar character of something aav t e s
sars ogla:n tigre:tli: 'the hay toddled' t e g i r m e : K a g 1 328: K o m . xrv 'circular'
(todn'h'n, not tnro'ra'o as in printed text) t e g i r m e C C I ; Gr.: KIP. srv teyirme:
Kol. I11 280 (tigre:r, t1gre:me:k). yiizli: round-faced' id. 41 ; xv Tuh. 3 4 b r o
(see t e g r e k ; inmarginin SCV(?)hand)degirmi.
D tegiirt- (d-) Cai~s.f. of t e g u r - ; n.o.a.b.;
the ~ v o r din Snrr. jv. 16-17 which might he VITl) t e g i r m e k (cl-) I-lap. Irg.; if correctly
read tCgiirt- is in fact yCtkiirt-. Uyg. V I I I ff. spelt Dcv. N. fr. *tegir-, but the semantic
Bud. (if you would let me have a list of the connection is tenuous and a Den. V. fr. tegiir-
scriptures that you want) t e g u r t i i otiinelim n~caning'a convcyancc' is possihlc. X a k . X I
'\ye shall venture to have them sent to you' t e g i r m e k 01-horcdnc 'a camel littcr'; the
Nii~n-IS. 1850--1; Civ. n e g u y e m e ig k u g Oguz call it i i g l i r m e k h-at. I 506.
t e g u r t m e g u iize 'without being required to
perform any services' USp. 88, 8-9. ' 1) t e g i r m e : n (d-) L)cv. N. fr. *tegir-;
'a rotary mill' for grinding corn. S.i.a.m.l.g.,
D t i g r e t - Caus. f. of tigre:.; n.0.a.b. 'l'hc in sor~lemuch abbreviated e.g. NE te:rmen/
Tiirku spelling proves the -g-. T i i r k i i v11l ff. te:rben; T u b . de:rbe; N W Kumyk t i r m e n ;
(knot the bay hone's tail and) t i g r e t ' h a k e it Nog. t e r m e n ; with initial d- in NW Kk.
hreak wind' IrkB 50: X a k . X I 01 a t l n tigretti: d i g i r m a n ; SW Az. d e y i r m a n ; Osm., Tkm.
'he made his horse break wind on the move' d e g l r m e n . Uyg. vrrrff. Bud. (in a list of
('nlfi'l-hafiffi'l-cory);and one says 01 ogulni: household equipment; kitchen, guests' quar-
tlgretti:, alternative form of t18ratt1: (hrga ters, large and small doors, well, fireplace)
fi'l-gnyn) K a j . I1 330 ( t l g r e t t i x , t i g r e t m e : k ; s o k g u t e g i r m e n 'a mortar, a (hand) mill'
if Kag. is right this would mean 'he made the T T V I 86 (two separate objects, not a Hcnd.
v y tough', but it seems likelier that it meont as in the translation): X a k . XI t e g i r m e : n is
he made the boy toddle'). a generic term for 'a mill' (01-;rihtin) Kay. I I I
 DIS.
266 (t1ge:-); n.m.e.: (xlv -1Mtth. of-mhbmi (I) meeti in^ one another'; (2) 'ericounter,
'millcr' d e g l r m e n ~ l : MrI. 57, 9; teglr- collision, hostilities' (quntn.); (3) 'price, value'
mc:ngi: Rif. 155): Gag. xv ff. tdgirmen (arzij) Son. 1 9 8 ~3:
. Xwar. xlv tdglg 'a meet-
nsiyd 'mill' Son. 198v. 2 (quotn.): Xwar. ing' Qufb 177.
klv tegirmen/td&irmen 'mill' Qutb 174-7:
Kom. klv 'mill! tegirmen CCI, Cr. 238 1) teggtit (d-) Hap. leg.; abbreviated Dev. N.
(quotn.): KIP. X I I I ' of-fiifiiin teyirmen Ilou. fr. teglg-. Xak. xt teggtit 'an exchange (bodl)
6, 9: xlv ditto fd. 41: 'xv [cih~intkyirmen; of something by way of exchange' (of-'iu,od),
T k m . d e g i r m e n Trtlr. 23h. 12. as for example base coin (of-zuyiin is given and
good received Kaj. I q ~ r .
, ,
Trie. V. DGR-
Dis. V. DC$-
VUJ) tegrik1e:- so tranz;cribed, hut ap-
parently a D m . V. fr. tegrelc; there may, 1) tegig- (d-) Recip. f. of r e g - ; s.i.a.m.l.g. w.
however, have been a Dev. N. *tegrlk fr. some phonetic chanaes and a rather wide range
*tegir-; n.0.a.b. Uyg. V I I I ff. Bud. susin of meanings, 'to mcet one another, to ex-
tegresinde tegriklep 'assembling his army change', and the like; in SW Az. deytg-;
around him' T T X 337; [gap] keyiklerin Osm., 'rkrn. degig-; see Doerfer I1 921. Xak.
tegriklep kbsari a r s l a n turmxg teg 'like X I ola:r ikki: begke: tegigdi: 'they two
the lion Kesarin rounding up the deer o f . .' summoned one another (tahdknmn) to appear
U I V 18, 2 1 5 . -. before the beg'; and one says menig eligim
taruska: tegigdi: 'my hand reached (waiala)
D teglrmi1e:- (d-) Den. V. fr. tegirmi:; pec. the ceiling' Kay. I 1 105 (tegigii:r, teg1gme:k;
to UyR. but the der. f.s degirmiiet-, degir- prov.; see tlkig-): K B tegiggu 'one must
miten- survive in SW Osm. Uyg. vrrr ff. attack' 2375-6; a p g olarka tegig 'present
Dud. (the demons) tegirmileyu avlap gifts to them' (foreign ambassadors) 2495:
'crowding round him' U l V 8, 20 (141, 4): Gag. xv ff. tkgig- (spelt) tobdil ma mr~'Liruodn
18, 192; 20, 232; 36,8g-90; etnzugiiz y a r u k ~ kardan 'to exchangc'; (2) 'to meet or encountrr
tegirmileyii y a r u t t ~ondln slgnr ykr s ~ i v i g one another', and metaph. 'to fight'; this is
'the light of your hhtly illurninatcd thr countty the word which the 'I'iirkrnen of Iraq incor-
all round in all t m directions' .%. 348, 7-8; rectly pmnounce dogiig- Sun. 1 9 6 ~ .3 (the
Civ. tegirrnileyuki yagrg tellm bolt1 'the 'rkm. word is actually du:gug-, q . ~ . ) Xurar.
:
enemies surroundinl: you have bccome xrv tegig-/tdgi$- 'to meet, come into con-
r~umrrous'TT 1 $3. tact with (someone)' Qutb 174-8: Kom. xlv
teyig- 'to present (a gift) to a superior' CCG;
Dls. D G S
I
Gr. 239 (quotns.): Klp. xv qiynda 'to barter'
deyig-; T k m . degig- Tuh. 3oa. 13.
I1 tiigsi:n Dev. N. ultimately der. fr. tiig-;
there is no other known ocdurrence of a Suff., D tikig- (d-) Co-op. f. of tik-; s.i.s.m.l.
-si:n; the word may be a Dev. N. fr. the Xak. XI o l maga: to:n t i k i ~ d l :'he helped
Simu1ative.f. *tugst:-. I n its second meanind me to sew (fi xijd!~) the garment'; and one
it may be the same-word used metaph., but is says ol maga: tiirme:k tiirme:k (sic) (PU)
more likely to be a Chinese I.-w. or an old title tikigdi: nrircalani'l-ziim~ward 'he exchanged
like t6gi:n inherited fr. some earlier 1angu:ige. meat halls with me' Kbj. 11 106 (tikigiijr,
N.o.a.h., hut see Uoerfer I1 912; his c~njec- tikigme:k). Gag. xv ff. tikig- Co-op. f.; to
ture that the word also occurs in K B 40G9 sew (xiyd)i knrdan) together' Son. 1 9 6 ~2..
(possibly spurious) is iniprohable. Xak. xr
ttigsi:n 'a kind of knot' (ntinn'l-'uqnd) tied VIJD t6:guq- (d-) Recip. f. of t6:g-, q.v.
with four components (adlii', lit. 'ribs') regarding the first vowel. Survives, usually
(verse): ,tiIgsi:n 'the title of a commoner meaning 'to fight one another' in NC tGyi8-
(mirrn'l-sriqa) who is in the third rank (ol- SW Az. di5yiig-; Osm. dsgiig-(fdoviig-);
-damca) below the king' ICaj. 1 4 3 6 . ' I h . d 6 v i i ~ - . X a k . XI 01 menig birle:
tu:z t6:gugdi: 'he competed with me in
Tris. DGS crushing (fi daqq) salt' (etc.); also used for
helping Koj. II 106 (tB:gii$ur, t6:gugme:k):
PUi) tigisiz Priv. N./A. fr. tigl:; 'noiseless. T k m . XVIII dBgtig- Son. 196v. 3 (teglg-).
silent'. Pec. to UyB. Uyg. V I I I ff. Bud. U III
10, 13 (qogls~z);Sttv. 484, 17-18 (nmul). D tugiig- (d-) Recip. f. of t u g - ; s.i.s.rn.l.
Xak. XI 01 m e n i g birle: tiigii:n tiigiipdi:
Dis. DGS 'he competed with me in tying knots' (fi
also used for helping Kaj. II
D teglg (d-) Dev. N. (connot~ngreciprocity) 'oqdi'l-'uqda);
106 (tiigii$ii:r, tiigiigme:k): Gag. xv ff.
fr. teg-; s.i.a.m.1.g. w some phonet~cchanges, tugti$- ('with -g-') girih zadan 'to h o t ' Son.
sometimes contacted to ti:$: SW 0sm. 182r. 9 (quotn.).
degig; usually means 'exchange'. Xak. XI
tegig 'exchange' (a/-mundmala) in the sense D ti5kiig- (d-) Co-op.' f. of t6k;; s.i.s.m.1.
that a morsel (Tuqmo) is glvefl to you and that Xak. XI oi maga: t a n g - t o l d g d i : 'he helped
you give one in exchange: tegiq a!-gidyo uul'l- me TO -pour out (fi ,vabb) the stored grain'; also
-mad5 f i hi111 p ~ y ' 'the objective or goal' of for pouring out water in a spray (rdf$a(n)lohu),
anything Kdi. I 368: Gag. xv ff. tdgig (spelt) and for competing Kaf. 11 Xo6 (t6kii@:r,
488 DIS.
t6kugme:k): $a& s v ff. takii$- 'to pour tuke:-. X a k . S I tiigdz a t oi-fnrnsu'l-oqruh
(rixtnn) on one another' San. 182r. 9. 'a horse with a white hlaze on the forehead'
Knf. 1 365; 8.0. I 367, 24.
1) teggil- ( d - ) Pass. f. of t e g i g - ; usually 'to
be chanprd'. Survives in SW Osm. degigil- 1) t e g z i n g 1)ev. N. fr. t e g z i n - ; with various
(Rrd. ooly?). U y g . V J I I ff. .Ian.-A (just as related nieanings. Por the metathesized form
a larnh or a calf) etozl tegqllip 'when its hod? sec tegzln-. K.o.a.h. U y g . V I I I fi. l h d . (the
is changed' (becomes a linn or wolf cuh) M Srilrn namcd so-and-so) b l r tegzing 'one
I 8, 5; a d t n iizkc teggllrneki 'their being ccroll' T T I V 14, 68:- IJSp. rob. 85; iiyiing
chanped into another l i v i n ~heing' (on re- t e g z i n q 'third scroll' (I.c. Chapter of a S~itrn)
incarnation) ill 111 12, 1 4 (i): I3ud. t e g ~ i i - USo. 1 0 2 . 2 ; u l u g t e g z l n y l e r t r g z i n u r
m e d i n a r r a m a d l n 'lvithout heing changed 'great ed~lies(or whirlpools) srvirl' (in the river
or drterinratinp' U III 23, 3 (iii); 0.0. Stir'. of nchrs in hell) ?;14 I1' 253, 54; siit~ilarphr.
71, 20-1 ( u v v a t - ) ; 595, 13; T7' V 5, zr and PP 17, 8 ; bgiytekl t e g z i n q l e r 'the eddies in
42; I'I 206: Civ. 1'7'1 117 (eski:), 118 ( b o k - a cooking pot' U III 44, 3 (i); (drawing him
clam), I yz ( ~ I s I R ) . out of the hottomless) t u g m a k 6 l m e k i i g
s a n s a r l l g t e g z i n q t l n 'whirlpool of the cycle
I ) tegviir- ( d - ) Calls. f. r ~ ft e a l $ - ; 'to change, (Sanskrit sntn.rfira) of hirth and death' Stro.
alter (snmething Acc.)'. N.o.a.b.; in some 430, 8-9: X a k . X I t e z g l n q (sic) nia'd/i/t~'l-
l a n g u a ~ e srcplaced hy some form of tegigtiir-. -cnhd/ 'the fold? of a mountain range' and the
1Jyg. vllr ff, Alan.-A kiirk m e g i z t e g g i i r m e k like; ant1 one also says t e z g l n y yo:l 'a wind-
'changing one's appearance' !If I 2;. 29-30; ing (01-nt~ritarui) road' Kni. 111 387; a.o, do.
a.o. do. 19, 13: Man. k o r g t e k ~ u r i i p(sic) ( y o r g e n q ) : K B 126 (tegzin-).
T T III r 24: Bud. T T V 10, I 15 (baya:kl:);
l/.Sp. 104. 4-5: (Xak.) X I I I ( ? ) Tef. t e g g a r - D i s . V. I X Z -
'change, aive in exchange' 294, 296 (tpkyiir-):
XI\,nfrth. buddola 'to exchange' d e g g u r - M;1. 1) t e g i z - See t e g z i n - .
23, 16; teg$u:r- Rtf. 10s (but &'yynro to I ) t e g z i n - I<efl. f. of t e g l z - ; 'to revolve,
change, alter' degivtiir- 29. 1 1 ; 113): K l p . rotate, travel about', and the like. 'l'he ety-
s l l r 2n?8vnmd e g s i i r - ; hence 01-dugfriri (I.-w. ;
tnnlopv of this word is ohscure; tegiz- is the
'Ilorsr-dealer') hecnuse he changes the kinds cclrrrnt Calls. f. of t e g - in SC Uzh., but this
(siffit) of h o r ~ e sn-hen lie srlls tllenl Iiorr. 42, rvrrrd sccrns t;lrhcr to he rclatc.cl to * t e g i r -
I h : S I V Rnyynrn d e g ~ i i r -Dtrl. 66r.: xv bndnln
and its der. f.s. Except in S W Osni, it hecame
'to change' (in marpin in SW(?) hand d e g - n~etathesizedto t e z g i n - at an carly date, and
qiir-) Trrh. 81,. 5 : O s m . s l y ff. d e g q u r - 'to is nnrv ohsnlete everywherr. T i i r k i i vrlr ff.
chnngr, e x c h a n ~ e ' ; fairly cornnlon down to Alan. Clrrroc. 10-1 I (teere:): Yen. 6Iimde:
\ V I 7'1's 1 1 8 7 ; II 260; III 174; I V 199; this
tiirt t e g z i n d i m 'I rnade four circllfar tours
word as well ns devyiir-, occasionally occurs ( ?) in my realm' 1I.lnl. 29, 6 ; iiq k a t a tegzintl:
a? a corruption of d e r q i i r - (Caus. f. of t6rig-) do, 31, 4 ; t o k u z tezgl:nip (sic) do. 32, 11:
'to asscrnhle, collect, recruit'. ITyg. v ~ r l f f . Alan.-A mitr am11 m o j a k
brtllk[?rn]da t e g z l r ~ d i bu91 k o l d i 'Mar
Amu Mnjak wandered round in his(?) town
E: t e k g i r t i i r - See t e g z l n d u r - . and begged for alms' ill I 32, r 1-12: hlan.
(living beings) t e k s i n i i r l e r (sic) 'revolve' (in
I) t e g g u r u l - (d-) Pass. f. of t e g s u r - ; n.0.a.h. the cycle of rebirths) T T 11 17, 79: Bud.
S a k . sr K n (sce, ton, tny character) b i r y a u l n u z u n s a n s a r i ~ i n d et e g z l n l p 'rrvolving in
i i z u m t e g s u r i i l m e z y a r u k t a o g i n 'unlike the Inng c!.cle of rrhirths' (Sanskrit snysfirn)
the light I myself am not changed in any ( 1 111 76, 15-16; (the sllrl) t e g z i n i i y o r l r
\ray' 835; t a d u t e g $ u r u l d i 'his constitution 'rr\.olvrs (round the earth)' IIii~n-Is.186; 0.0.
nltcrcd' (and he hecnnie ill) 1054; a j u n ,lo. 93--4 (kez-); U II 4, t o ff. ( a e t a r - ) ; do.
t e g q u r u l d i 'the world has changed' 6487. 41. 1 7 ( o ~ a r u : ) ;T T Ill ly; v.1. ( b a t - ) ; Th'f
Il' 253, 54 (tegzinq): Civ. T I ' T'III 1.8
D ty$giirug- (d-) Hap. leg.; Recip. f. of (u@lkla:-): X a k . XI qtgrr: tezglndi: (sic) 'the
t e g ~ u r - . UyR. vlrlfT. Civ. (one party to pulley rotated (&rut); and onc says o l ye:ri&?
a contract havinp given ( b 6 r i p ) a property tezglndl: 'he walked ahout (r(ij(1) the country';
which is described, and receive: ( a l ~ panother
) also used of anyone who walks ahout a placc
property) teggiiriigt[imlz] we have ex- f i f .I1 241 (tezginii:r, t e z g i n m e : k ) ; k o r -
changed them' CISp. 30, 8. k u p b a y : t e z g l n i i r 'thcy are dizzy with fear'
JI 312, 6 ; a.0. I1 ,703, 9 ( u d - ) : KB a j u n
Dls. D G Z t e z g i n u r 'the world revolves' 114; (God
I'U tiigiiz 'having a white blaze on the fore- created the heavens; they constantly revolve)
head'. 'The first von.el is uncertain; in I 365 a n i g b i r l e t e z g i n y y e m e t e z g i n u r 'and
the td' is unvocalized. in I 367, 24 it has a therewith they rotate'(?) 126; (merchants)
clear dnmma; in the A.N., q.v., it twice a j u n t e z g l n i i r l e r 'travel all over the world'
has a fatha. Not connected with Ca&. xv ff. ?4zo; 0.0. 344, 669, etc.: E I I I ( ? )TeJ. t e z g l n -
ttikiiz 'complete. perfect' Vpl. 217 (quotn.); to rotate; (of water) to swirl; to travel about'
Sun. 183r. r o noted in S W Osm. as tiigijzf 29.5: s r v Rb2. tPzgllnUrde 'when walking
d u g i i z Sarrri 632, nhich is a Dev. N./A. fr. about' R III I 104: Gag. xv ff. tkzgin- (spelt)
 damr zadan 'to revt,lvc', also called ~ P z g l n - ; 'very many willows and other trees' do. 209:
they also say tCskin- Son. IyJr. I ; tPskin- xrv t a l 'willow' Qutb 168; IMN 243: KIP. xrrr
the same as tCzgin- do. 194r. 26: X w a r . xlv al-$aj,~rif'\\.illow tree' ta:l; Tkm. s6giit Horr.
tezgln- 'to revolve' Qrrih r 75 ; 'to walk about' 8, 6 : xv ~ ~ f s l itja l a g a r Trih. 2zb. 2: Osrn.
Nahc. 20.9; 106, 14; I r 6 , 6 : K o m . xrv ba$lrn xvr t a l 'hranch' in one text T T S I V 731:
tezglndi 'I war dizzy' CCG; GI.: Ktp. x ~ v X V I I I t a l . . . in Rrinri jaxco-i dirn.12 'a small
tezgln- (~ocnlizedICZXF~-) data id. 38: x v hranch of a trce' Son. I 58r. 25.
d6,ra 'to I)e giddy' tezgln- Tiih. 16a. 4 ; ddrn
( a y l a - ; In margin in S W hand) also degzin-. t11 (d-) lit. 'the tonplle'; hence metaph.
qevriin- do. r 517. I 3 : Osrn. xrv R degzin- 'to ' a n inforrnpr, infixmation, particularly secret
revolve, walk nh<~tlt,he dizzy'; fairly common information, language', etc. S.i.a.m.1.p.; in
until svr 7'TS 1 188; 11272; 111 176; I If ZOO. SW Az., Osrn., 7'krn. d i l ; a s the vowel i s
short in T k n ~ .it was proh. always short; it
T r i s . DGZ was - I - in 'I'iirku and Ihf.,apparently both
-1- and -1- in KB and -1- in UyR. and all later
PUI) ttleiizltik Ilap. leg.; A.N. fr. tiigiiz; languages exccpt NI.1 'Tuv. d ~ l T . u r k u vrrr
in both cases the iri' carries a-fatho. Xak. X I (if the enemy do not come) t111g s a n g all:
tilguzliik knrontr'l-fnrasi'l-ntarr 'the condition o l u r 'stav there collectina informers and
of a horse with a white blaze on its forehcacl' reports' T 32; t t l f g ke1u:rti: 'they hrought
Kaj. I 507 (prov.). an infornwr' T 36; a.o. I N I I ( s ~ g l t ) V: I I I ff.
Man. (seeing with the eyes, hearing with the
T r i s . V. DGZ- ears) t111n s o z l e p 'speaking with the tongue'
D tegzindiir- (d-) Caus. f. of t e g z i n - ; Chuas. 313: Uyg. ~ I I (my I men attacked his
n.0.a.b. U y g . v111ff. Bud. CISp. 10th. 22 skirmishers and) t l l t u t m l g 'captured an
( a t l a m ) : Civ. t ~ y u k t a kt a~g kiipriig 6gdiin informer' $rr. E r z : V I I I ff. Man.-A 8 z tilin
s l g a r k t t e g z i n d u r u (mistranscrihed fekrir- teggiiriip 'changing (i.e. disguising?) his own
tiirii) t a m l t g kavlalrktmnt 'tny vegetable speech' n f , I 10, 1 2 : Man. Bgsiz ~ g u ktlli-
garden with an encircling wall to the east g l z iize with your incc~n~parablesacred
nf the stonr bridge at 'I'iyuk' (/,Cp.a 15, 2-3: tongue' T T 111 108: Rucl. e n e t k e k tilindln
(Xak.) X I I ~ ( ? )Trf. tezgintliir- to make t a v g a q titinye e v i r m i g 'translated from the
(sntnethin~)rrvnlvr ; tn paw r~)utld'( c . ~winc language of India into the Ianmage of China'
cups) 295: Gag. uv ff. thzglndiir- Caus. f., U I 14, 2 ; etiiztleki kogiildekl tildekl (sic)
r/or~+rdzdotr tun &'ir s i i ~ l n n 'to cause to k l l ~ n q l a r'actions by the body, the mind, and
revolve' Sntt. rgqr. 15 (quotn.); thskindiir- the tongue' 11 7, 9-10; (may the king) tilke
same an thzglndiir- rqqr. 26. (sic) k l r m e z u n 'not become subject to
criticism' PP 12, 2 ; 0.0. do. 11, 2 (erinq);
65, 7; U I11 33, 22; Hiien-is. z r g r , etc.: Civ.
M o n . DL b o r i n i n sogiikin t l l l n k u r ~ t t p'drying the
ta:I ( ? d - ) the earliest meaning seems to be bones and tonple of a wolf' If 1 7 9 ; iindedeql
'hranch, twig'; this meaning survives in SW ti1 a g t z t a p c a y 'the vociferous tongue and
O s n ~ , d a l ; evcrywhere else thc word has mouth will sprr,e(?)' TT I 108; a.o. do. 74
nleant, from a fairly early period 'willow trce', (cagut); ti1 tar t e g m e z u n 'may criticism
which in Osm. is s o g u t and in 'I'km. both not come to restrict us(?)' T T 1'11 27, 3 ;
ta:l and s o v u t . See talu:. Uyg. arv Chin.- a.0. do. 36, 1 0 : S a k . X I t11 nl-kakTm 'speech';
UJd Dici. ti11 'willow tree, Salix spp.' (Gilrs one says 01 a g a r t11 tegiirdi: 'he i n j u r ~ dhim
7,251) t a l L i ~ e f 258;
i X 121 875: X a k . xr ta:l (nd{I111) with his tongue and his speech': tll
01-qadihu'l-rotb 'a green hranch'; hence a nl-11srIn 'the tongue' (prnv.): ttl al-lr~,Go
slim, sllpple man is called ta:l b0:dlog as 'a language3, one says o g u z tlll: /~@ntrr'!-
a metaphor for his suppleness; the term is -$~zziyo 'thc Oguz language', and Ynba:ku:
chiefly used of tall slim girls Kay. I11 156; t ~ l l : ;this word corresponds to Ar. in mcaninp.
(of a girl) bo:&: a n t u ta:l I j r z , 21 ; a.o. 11 because 01-listfn means 'speech' and 'language'
105 (biikilg-): KR k o n i t a l bod1 'his figure (as well as 'tongue'; Arabic quotn.); and 'a
is like a straight branch' I 102; a.0. in 1495A prisoner' (at-arid) taken from the enemy is
a spuriour;(?) verse in the Vienna MS. only: called t l l ; hence one says t11 t u t t l m 'I cap-
(jag. xv ff. ta1 dalol biidak ma'ndsiita 'a hranch' tured a man from the enemy to question him
(quotns.); also s6,iil ago($ 'willn~vtree'(quotns.) about the situation' Kay, 1 3 3 6 : t1:l (sic, ?error,
Vpl. 171 : t a l the name of 'the willow tree' see above) nl-liscn (same ~ r o v . ) :tl:l al-lugs;
(dirn.ui-i bid), in Ar. rildf Son. 16or. 23 hence one says U y g u r tt:l~: 'the Uybur lan-
(quotns.): d a l ((I) 'shoulder or back', i.e. guage' and x ~ t a : yt111: (sic) 'the lanwape of
Mong. dalri)); (2) 'tree' in general and 'willo\\. China (at-pin)': tl:l al-kalzm; hence one says
tree' in particular; and in this context they 01 begke: tl:l tegiirdi: asriba'l-amir bi-kaldm
call cheap red cloth (landra) which they fihi sabb 'he used abusive language to the b g ' :
cut out and sew in an intricate branching tl:l at-cdsiis 'a spy'; hence one says yag1:dln
fashion (bn-tar+ intytacar) dalbnr (i.e. dal tt:l tuttl: 'he captured a spy (a[-'ayn) from
with I'e. Suff. -bar 'bearing') do. 224v. 4: the enemy' III 133; several 0.0. in both spell-
X w a r . XIII(?)(he tied the stag to the tree) ings: K B 162 ff. (Chap. VII) describes the
t a l n u ~c t b t k ~b i r l e 'with a ~villowshoot' 0g. merits and defects of t11 'the tongue'; the Dal.
,zg-30;
. . kBp t e l i m t a l l a r k o p t e l l m 18aqlar in 168 is t t i k a but the Acc. in 312 (iilgil1e:-),
 DIS.
da:k tlldl: qoddn'l-ractilu'l-qidii mina'l-rild I l l s . DLA
'the man sliced off a strap from the hide'; also talu: 'choice, select, chosen'. N.o.a.b. This
used of anything when one splits it len thways word has no connection with d a l u (sometimes
(~nqqahrrttilo(n)) Kng. I1 23 (tlle:r, tifme:k): dall/dal) 'sho~rlderhlade, shnuldcr' in some
q a g . xv if. til- rizi-rd .m!; xa!t rua $nr/la modern languages, which is a Rlong. I.-rv.
briridan 'to cut something into strips or slices'; X a k . sr talu: ne:g 01-~ay'tc'l-nruxtdr 'some-
derived (sic) fr. t i l i m 'slice' Sun. 1 9 8 ~ .9 thing chosen, choice' KOJ. 111 232: K B t a l u
(quott~s.): KIP. xrrr qadda 'to slice', in the is common, e.g. (the Prophet) b o d u n d a
sense of slicing a melon, etc. with a knife talus1 kiglde k e d i 'choicest of the peoplc,
d l l - (misvocalized) Hoti. 42, 6: xrv dil- gnqqa the best of men' 34; (my moon was full, hut
ddliha'liha'[-mnyqriq frf. 50: xv (~aqqofun) qaddn now i t has waned) t a l u c r d l k ~ l k ~b m ar~r
tll- (in margin del-, sic) Trih. 21 b. I (under b u t a l u 'my character was excellent, b u t this
f-); qadda tll- do. joa. 5. exrellence is ~ o i n ~ 1071;
' 0.0. 57. 112. 688
D to:I- (d-) Pass. f. of to:-; 'to be tilled, or (yavlz), 825, 2349, 4491. ctc.: X I I I ( ?At. ) 01 01
full'. S.i.a.m.l.g. with these and some ex- h a l q talus1 'he (the I'rr~phet) \\,a5 thc choicest
tended meanings like 'to be fulfilled'; in S\V of men' 23; a.0.o.: xrv hZuh.(?) al-muxtdr
Az., Osm. dol-, Tkm. do:l-, the last proving talu: Rif. 190 1,1nly).
the long vowel. y y g . V I I I ff. Bud. agt11krm S telii: See telvc:.
t s a g l m t o l z u n rnay my store-house and
treasury (Chinese I.-w.) be full' U 1 2 9 , 2-3; PU?I) tili: Hap. leg.; prcsurr~ahly L)ev. N.
c a m b u d v l p y 8 r s u v t o l u u l u g ye1 'a great fr. tll- in the sense of a narrow strip of hide
wind filling the universe' T'i' V 8, 81-2; o r the like. X a k . X I tili: rasrjfaftr'l-sahm 'the
t u y g u l u k bllgiiliik yo1 tolrnlg tiikemig thong which ties the head to an arrow'
iiyiin 'because the way which they must 111233.
perceive and know is fulfilled and colnplcted'
do. 24, 79: Civ. in an astronomicnl text the 1 toll: (d-) 'hail'. Survives in NE Kiier. toll
Chinese term iunn 'to he full' ((;;IPS 7,622) is' R ZII 1196; Tuv. d o l u ; Khak. t o g do1 (tog
translated t o l m a k 1'7' V I I 1 I , 3: X a k . X I 'frozen hard'); NC I<lr, dobu1ldo:l; SC Uzh.
Kay. I 430 ( t o ~ l u : ) ; n.ni.c.: I<tl ya@z yPr diil; S W Az., Osln, dolu: 'I'km. doll, with
y l p a r told1 the broxvri earth is full of a remarkable prevalence of initial d - . 'Hail'
fragrance' 64; (the moon) y a s l k b i r l e u t r u in other languages is b u r y a k (rnetaph.) or
b a k ~ g s a t o l ~ r'whei it and thc sun look the Mong. I.-*. miildiir. U y a . V I I I ff. Hud.
squarely at r ~ n eanother is full' 137; 0.0. 70, Iglerneklig toll y a g r n u r 'hail and rain of
536,732,750(ne:n), 975, 1052, 5731 ( a ~ l R l l k ) , illnesses' (pour d o y n on you) U I11 14, 4-
5913 ( y ~ k l g ) :X I I I ( ? )At. a n t o w u d d l b i r l e 5: X a k . xr toll: the hail (01-bnmd) which
kiiDiiller t o l o p a n l g y&dl b i r l e a j u n t o l s u descends from the sky' Kay. I11 233; 0.0.
t & p say in^ "may (all) minds be full of love 1 1 3 9 , 19; 354, 24: K R 6013 ( 1 bu:z): C a b
for him arid the (whole) world full of memory xv ff. t o l u toxnrg 'hail'; in Pe. j d a , in Ar. hdlrih
of him" ' 73-4; 199 (1:rll-); a.o.o.; Gf. (sic) and burad Sarz. 1 8 4 ~ .I j: X w a r . X I V
tol- (and tola- ?) 'to he full' 308: xrv nftrlr. ditto Qrrth 182: ( K o m . xrv in C C I 'hail' is
itntnla'n 'to he full' do:l- Afel. 23, 7 ; to:l- translated b u r q a k in Korn. and toolu in Pe.):
Rif. 104; al-imtiki' to:lmak 35, 14; 121: Gag. KIP. s r r r a!-hamd b u r q a k ; T k m . tolu:
xv ff. tol- ( - g u m , etc.) lol- Vel. 218; tol- PUT Iiou. 5, 8: xrv 1011: a[-borad fd. 66.
~udatr 'to be full' Son. 183r. 15 (quotns.):
X w a r . xrv tol- ditto MN 253, etc.: K o m . VU 2 to11 used onlv in the phr. t e g r e toll 'all
xrv ditto CCG; Gr. 248 (quotns.): KIP. xrv around'; not connected etymologically with
101- ittrtaln'n Id. 65. either 1 toll: or tolu:. TiirkU vrrr ff. hlan.
C h u n ~ . 10, 11 (tegre:): Uyk. vrrr ff. Bud.
V U tul- the Xak. verb seems to he }lap. leg. PP 71, 4 (tegre:).
hut see t u l d u r - ; except for the LJya. phr.
below, which it is hard to connect seman- U tolu: (do:lo:) Dev. N./A. fr. t0:1-; 'full'.
ticallv, there does not seem to be nny other S.i.m.m.l.g.; in SW Az., Osm. d o l u ; 7 k m .
tracc- of a 'l'rans. verb. tol- or tul-. 1Jyg. do:ll. Cf. tolun. Uya. vrtr ff. hlan.-A M I
V I I I ff. Bud. tirzii yiigiin t u l m l p [cap] trans- 2q, X I (eriig): Bud. t o l o 7'T V I I I B.g-10
lates the Chinese phr. ping p'ei 'gathering to- ( b i g m n u ~ - ) ;m a y t r r s a k l n q l n t o ~ u'full of
ether the reins' ( G i l ~ s9,282 8,837) Niien-ts. Maitreya-like thoughts' T T .Y 185: (at the
162: X a k . X I e r t o b ~ k n l :a d r l : bile: tuldl: end of a colophon; this hook) tolu t u k e l
'the man struck the hall with a forked stick' bold1 'has hccn completed' Sric. 199, 20;
('ale grt'bntayn): this is a kind of Turkish y a r i m l l tolull n o m l a r ~ g'the half and 11-hole
game, and is played a5 follows. When one of doctrines' Hiim-ts. 1923: Civ. (if one cuts u p
the players wishes the ganie to start and strikes a garlic bulb and) i k i k u l a k q a t o l u t i k s a r
in this way, the (right to) stat? the pame is 'stuffs his ears full of it' H I 176-7: X a k . X I
given to the man who is most capable (aqrlar) tolu: idig 'a full (01-mal'dn) vessel'; also used
at it; and for 'playing tipcat' (#nrbilI-qdl ura'I- for anything full to overflowing (t4fih) Kaf.
-qnla) one says tuldl: (vocalized taldt:) Kag. I11 232; 0.0. I 100, 7 ; I11 357 (2 ~11)):K B
I1 22 (tula:r (sic), tu1ma:k unvocalized): m e g e s l t o l u 'with a full brain' 57; s e v i f i ~ i n
( K B t u l m a d ~ min 171 is an error for b u l m a - t o l u 'full of love' 117; 0.0. 825. etc. (i:ril-),
d~m 'I have not found'). I351 : XIII(?) Tef. tolr/tolu (and tolug) 'full'
 303: xlIr iwrrh. n1-nml'rin d o h : ili'~1. 54, 9 ; y a l a v a c gevlnql tiletll 'he drsired (or s r r u ~ h t
bo:lu: Ri/, 1st : Gag. xv ff. tola (sic) tolrc pur for?) the 1'rr)phet'~ love' 52; h a y a t hCrdi
tnn'n5sinn 'full' Vpl. 218 (quntn.); t o l a pirr cua b a r y a t i l e m i s tilek 'God grantrd his every
mnmlri' Snn. 1 8 4 ~ 4. (qllotn.; this form with wish' 90: X I I ( ? ) K I 1 V P hila b u t l u g m a n
-0: ;, - a survives in SW Uzh. t a l a ) : (Xwar. q e r l g i n s l g u k a tile 'seek fnr a device to
ulv tolug 'full' Q ~ t h182): K o m . ~ I V'full' brrak this encmy's ranks' 45: xrrr(?) K n P P
t o l u CCI. C C G ; Gr. 249 (quotns.): Klp. X I I I (God) n e n i k l m tiledi e r s t k11d1 'did \vhnt-
a/-tnll'dn tolu: Flnrc. 27, 16: xlv t o l u a y 'the ever he wished' 3-4; At. (take food and cloth-
full (rnrcm1~~'ntiro
(n)) moon' !d. 65; immla'n 'to in,q fmm the things of this \vorld) a r t u k
hr full' tolu: ol- 13111. 801-.: s v mnl'rin to11 t i l e m e 'do not seek fur (or desirc?) more'
Tlrh. 353. 13: O s m . srv ff. rlolu 'full' (cup, 190; a.o.0.; T P ~tile- . (and? ttla-) 'rn deeire;
rnoon, etc.); c.i.a.p. T T S 1 2 1 6 ; I1 313; III ask for' 301-4: s ~ Afrrh. v flrdlin ti:le:- dful.
203: 1 23s. 17, 19: Rlf. 94 (and 103 t n a r ~ i n ) ;ihtrizd 'to
wish, rcquest' tile:- 1 0 2 (only); !nloba ren
Dis. V. LILA- ntfidn tl1le:- 24, 1 1 : t1:ie:- I 12; 02-!aid
tala:- 'to damage, pillage'; an early I.-w. in clllemek 36, I r ; ti:lemck 1 2 2 : Gag. xv ff.
SIong. toln- (lfnrnisrlr 144); s.i.a.m.l.g. with tile- (-p, etc.) dile- I+/. 193-4; tile-/tileg-
some rrtended meanincu. Cf. tala$-. U y g . .rrudstan 7i.n (nloh knrdon 'to wish, rcqrlest', etc.
San. rggr. 5 (quotns.): X w a r . X I I I dile- 'to
V I I I ff. .(id. n o m l t6riisi t a l a g u l u k e r m e z
b o l g u l u k 'his doctrine and rules must not he ask for (pardon, etc.); to wish' 'Ali 26, 56:
violated, they must be (observed)' IIiirn-ts. SIII(?)tile- 'to ask fnr, to wish' 0 g . 11, 25,
118-19: X a k . X I KB (the 'raciks call him etc.: xlv ditto Qufb 179; MN 36, etc.: K o m .
Afrisiylh) b u Afr2siyab t u t t t Bller t a l a p x ~ vditto C C I , C C G ; Gr. 244 (quotns.):
'this AfrHgiy5h seized and pillaged (many) KIP. xrtl talaha tile:- Hou. 34, 12; 38, 8: xrv
realms' 280: Gag. xv ff. t a l a - (-y, etc.) tile- !nlahn, also pronounced dile- Id. 40;
gntmR evle-lfnrac eyle- 'to pillage' Vel. 172 dlie- arddn rcn so'nln ('to ask for'); one says
(quotns.); t a l a - RBrnt knrdon 'to pillage' San. n e d i l e r s e n 'what arc you askinp for, or do
1 5 8 ~ 12 . (quotns.): KIP. xrv t a l a - sorbn$a'l- you want?' do. s o ; tnlaba dile- 0111. 57r.: xv
-kolb 'of a dog, to bite, tear' !d. 65 : s v nnhnba tolaha (izde-, and also) tile- Knw. 74, 1 9 ;
'to plundrr' t a l a - Tr~lz.371,. 5: O s m . XIV ff. Trrh. z4a. 2 ; .m'nln tile- f i v . 76, 6 : O s m .
tala-/data- 'to pillage; of a doc, to bite'; xlv-xv tlile- 'to bcg (for alms, rtc.); to inter-
c.i.a.p.; in T T S inctances with the first mean- cede for' T T S I 206; 11' 224.
ing are indexed undcr t a l a - anrl those with
the second under d a l a - but the difference is
not real T T S 1 173. 670; II 2.53, 872; 111 11 1 tole:- ( d - ) llap. icK.: Den. V. fr. t6:l.
1 6 s ; IV 731; xvrlr t a l a - . . . and, in Rriwri, O g u z XI ko:y tii1c:dl: rrtrticoii'l-innnnr 'the
fin=id:irr-i sag 'of a dog, to hitc' Snn. 1 ~ 8 1~2 . . ewe lambed' A-(18. I11 271 (tiile:r, tBle:me:k).
tile:- (11-) originally 'to seek (for sonlething ?r: 2 tnle:- 'to pay (a dcht), repay (n inan)';
Arc.)': hence 'to desirc (sotnrthing .'kc.); almost certainly a 3Iong. I.-\v. fr. t51;- (Knru.
to ask (someone Ahl.) fcrr (something Acc.)'. 1922, 1fnl10d 435): thc only early occurrences
S.i.a.m.l.g. trct~ally in all rneanings; in SW are in late Uya. texts cnnt;~iningothrr 1.-w.s.
.kc., Osrn., 'l'km. dile-. Tiirkii V I I I yeryi S.i.a.tn.l.g.: in S W only 'I'km. See D o r r j ~ r
t i l e d i m 'I sought for a guide' T 23: 1~111ff. 11 980, and tiileq. U y g . x r ~ ~ (Civ. ?) bu men
I r k 8 24 (ernig): Rlan. ,%I 111 22. 3-5 (ii) T a s t k y a n l p k e l i p T u r t k a tolep h 6 r s e r -
(Btiglig): UyR. ~ I I ff. I Man.-A h a r q a kigiler m e n 'if I, Tasik, return and rcpay (the deht)
Inqa tlleyiirler 'all men seek for (or desire?) to Turi' 11Sp. 32, 15; a.o. do. 98, 27-8 (boy'")
t h i ~ ' 31 1 23, 30-1: Man. k u t r u l [ g u yo1 Korn. X I V 'to pay; to remit (sins)' tBle- C C I ,
y r g a k l l a r ~ i : tileyii 'serkitig for the way C C G ; Gr. 250 (quotn.): Ktp. s v jaritnn 'to
(llend ) of salvation' 7'4' I11 60: Chr. U I pay (a deht)' to1- (sic?) T~rh.27a. 12.
6, I (iste:-): Bud. [pap] siiziig tPler (sic) 'he
seeks for a . . . word' T T VII1 A.25; b u r x a n D tii1e:- (tu:le:-) 'to nloult, shed fcathcrs nr
k u t ~ ntileyii 'sceking for (or desiring) the hair'; Den. V. fr. tii:. S.i.a.ni.l.g. X a k . X I at
blecced ntate of being a Buddha' (for all man- tii1e:di: 'the horse (ctc.) moulted' (a'aqqn),
kind) PP 47, 7 ff.; b i r k u g k a w t i l e p 'asking that is the winter coat fell out and the young
for a guitnr (Chinese I.-\\,.)' do. 69, 7 ; 70, 3 ; hair ('aqiqntirhu) grew' (tiile:r, tiile:me:k)
(if a n.onian) u r t o g u l tileser '\vishes to have originally tii:le:di: but the -ti:- wns shortened
a son' U II IS, 3 ; tileyiirmen kiiseyiirmen KO$. 111 270: G a g . sv ff. tiile- 'irca4 knrdnn
'I desire (Ilend.)' U 1118, 18; a.o.o.: Civ. e d 'toexchange, change', and in particular, of birds
t n v a r t i l e s e r (co-ordinate with kiiseser) 'if of prey 'exchatlge their feathers' (i e. 'moult'),
votl desire wealth' T T I l o ; 0.0. do. 183, 184, the Dev. N. is tiilek Sun. 1 8 3 ~7..
197: Xak. xr o l ant: ti1e:di: talabahrr w a
lnfoqqadohrr 'he sought and searched for him'; Mon. DLB
and one says t e ~ r i :a n d a g ti1e:di: 'God so D t o l p (d-) crasis of t o l u p Ger. of to:l-, and
wished' ( n r a a ) Knf. ZIZ z p r (tlle:r, tile:- perhaps merely a shortened scription for that
me:k); about a dozen o.o., usually translated word which does occur occasionally in the
folnbn: KB tile- is very common, e.g. (God) same sense; 'ell, whole, cotnpletcly'. Since
tiledi 'wished' (and created the universe) 4; t o l u is sometimes used in much the same
 DLC
sense, some of the occurrences below may he Kay. I 457; 0.0. II 173 ( t a l p ~ r - ) ;111 roo
n~isreadingsof that word, but tolp is writtcn (yblvir-): O s m . XVI t a l v a r 'a shelter for
quite clearly in Manichaean script. There garden-watchers built in the branches of a
seems to be a further ahhreviation to t o p in one tree' in three Ar.-Turkish dicts. TT.7 11 872;
passage below, nnd there nre traces of such I v 732.
a meaning for t o p in some modern languages;
otherwise n.o.a.1). Cf. -barga:. Uyg. v ~ r rff. Dis. V. DLB-
Man.-A (your human bodies) tolup (sic) talp1:- 'to flutter, palpitate, pulsate', anJ the
barqa teven ... ktmig y a r a t m q ol 'have I ~ k e not
; noted before the medieval period but
been entirely made and created by deceit' see the der. f.s below. Survives only(?) in NE
(trickcry and the like) Ad 111 9, 11-13: Man. Tel. talhl-; SW Osm. talabr-. Xwar. xlv
b u tolp s n n s a r Icindeki t ~ n l ~ g l a 'rnor-
r~g talbi- 'to struggle, flutter' Qutb 169: KIP.
tsls involved in this wholc cycle of rebirths' xrv talabl- farqa'a'l- @ir cnnlihahu 'of a bird,
(Sanskrit saaisdra) T T I 1 16, 39-40; tolp to flutter its wings' Id. 66: Osm. x ~ ff. v tala-
s a n s a r ~ gdo. 111 78; t o p (ric) yokacjturur bl-, occasionally spelt talbl- and inxvr dalabl-
'he completely destroys' do. 11 17, 7c-I: 'to flutter'; (of the heart) 'to beat fast' in several
Rud. tolp etBzln 'his whole body' T T X texts T T S I 173; 11 252; 111 164; I V 1?7:
547; tolp n o m ukuglndakl tlnlrglar 'all xvrll talabl- (spelt) in Titimi, tapidan to
mortals who have understanding of the (true) palpitate, flutter' Son. 16or. 22; a.0. 159r. 28
doctrine' Su71. 137, 19; 0.0. U I11 15, 9 ; 83. (talprn-).
7-8 (urunqak); 7'M I V 252, 21; 253, 03
(osul-); Suo. 188, I I ; 646, 4: Xak. xr K I j D talpm- Rcfl. f. of talp1:- and syn. w. it,
neqe m l g t i r i g oldi t o l u p b a t a r 'however with some extended meanings Ilke 'to struggle'.
Inany living beings have died, they all sink S.i.m.m.l.g., but not NE or SW, as talpln-
out of sight' 4835. and the I~ke.Xak. XI kug talplndl: 'the bird
struggled (idlaraba) and fluttered (xafaqa) its
Dls. DLB wings', also used of anything that struggles
K a f . I1 239 ( t a l p l n u : ~ , ta1prnma:k): Fag.
1) tolup See tolp. xv ff. talpln-(-mak) diiruf- oe rahy- 'to
tklve: (d-) 'lunatic, mad'. The evidence seems struggle, strive' Vel. 174 (quotn.); talpm- (so
to point to -6- rather than -e- as the original spelt) fapidan 'to palpitate, flutter', in Rrirni
first vowel. Survives in SE Tiirki telbe talabz- Son. 159r. 27 (quotns.): KIP. xv
(Jarring 302); SC Uzb. t e l b a ; SU' Az., Osm., rafrafa 'to flutter' talpin- (in margin in second
Tkm. deli; I.-w. in Pe. and other languages, hand talabin-) Tirh. 17a. 10: O s m . xrv to
see Docrfer I1 1008. Uyg. vrrl if. Man. k a l xvr talbin-, occasionally dalbm-, 'to flutter,
tblve (-f-) t e g e r t i l e r 'they were like lunatics palpitate' in several texts T T S I 174; 111164;
([lend.)' T T I I I I 15: I h d . ogstiz k a l telve I v 732.
U 111 76, 13-14: Xak. xr telve: al-macr~tin D talplr- I Iap. leg.; Inchoative f. of t a l p y - ;
'lunatic' KO$. 1 4 2 6 : KB tklve (sic), often in syn. w. yblvlr-, Xak. xr kug t a l p ~ r d ~the :
Hend. with m u n d u z , is colnlnon 295, 473, bird fluttered (xafaqa) its wings'; (VU) t a l v l r
74t, 963, 2099, 2655 6394: xlrr(?) Tef. delii (sic) talp~rda:xafaqati'l-hocalo 'the canopy(?)
mad' 117; telve ditto 296: xrv Rbg. telbe fluttered'; also used of anything which
'mad' R III 1090; Afuh. al-macnrin (opposite struggles (idtaraba) Kay. 11 173 (talplra:r,
to 'sane' ukuglug) delu: Mel. 5 5 , 7 ; tklbe ta1pirma:k).
Ri/. 152; cunna 'to be mad' ( m u n - , likewise)
delii: o:l- 107 (only): Gag. xv ff. t6lbe delii D talprq- Hap. leg.; Co-op. f. of ta1p1:-. Xak.
Vel. 195; tblbe (spelt) diwfina 'mad' Salt. XI kug1a:r k a m u g talplgdr: 'the birds all
toor. 23 (quotn.): O g u z XI telU: af-ahmaq 'an fluttered (xafaqat) together'; also one says
idiot' Kay. I11 232; a.o. III 156, 13: Xwar. b a t r a k (sic, later altered to bayrak?) kamug
x ~ delii
v 'mad' Qutb 47; telbe do. 174: Kom. talplgdl: 'the flags fluttered, and the silk
xrv 'fool' teli C C I ; Gr.: KIP. XIII al-macntin pennons of the points of lances and the like
te:li: fiou. 25, 21; 33, 6: xrv delii al-macntin were agitated' (i&aroha~) Kaj. I1 201 (tal-
. . . also telii:, teli: fd. 50; 01-hidn'a 'the plgur, ta1prgma:k).
kite' (bird) de:lii: t o g a n Rtrl. 11, 10: xv
macnrin teli Ttrh. 3 3 b 4. Dis. DLC
VU tolvir the Ar. words used to translate this P U I F tbleq n.0.a.h.; in Uyg. spelt t 6 l p ; mor-
are ambiguous, meaning both 'a veil' covering phologically inexplicable, since although there
a woman's head and body, and 'a canopy, is some semantic connection with F 2 t6le:-,
screen', and the like; as such n.0.a.b. ; in the -c is not a possible suffix either in Turkish or
three occurrences the td' carries dan~matwice Mong. Both Uvg. occurrences are in very late
and falha oncc, the vli' kasra twice and documents relating to the same man, (PU)
nothing once. Perhaps survives as t a l v a r in T u n , which contain several I.-W.S. ?'he mean-
SW O s ~ n . ,see below, and as t a l v a r / t a l h r / ing seems to be 'free, gratis, without payment'.
t a l p a r 'a garden hut or shelter, animal shelter', Uyg. XIII(?) Civ. tbleq k u r u g k a l m a y v l
and the like S D D 1307. Xak. xr t o l v ~ ral- let me not remain unpaid and without the
-sitr, that is al-!ricdI which is stretched(yumndd) land' (7) USp. 24, ~ o ( r h iseems
s to be themean-
over women, and is made of brocade and silk ing, but the whole document is very obscure);
 $9.) D f s . 111,C
(if I drr riot return uithin thl-ee years and give 1)is. V. DL[)-
t h c v t h i n c ~ti, 'l'rtrl) b o r l u k 'l'urlka to&-u ]) ((!-) c ~ ,[.~,,f ~ , ; s,i nl,l,
trilev bolsun 'let the vineyard ~ r to ) l'ur~ Uyg. vlri If. I ~ I Iblzlg
~ . k u t tlletii y a r l ~ k a p
niltrlght and free o f charge' do. 32, 19-20: 'deigning t o nrdcr that the favour (,f heaverl
Kom, xlv t i j l e ~ 'give it free, gratis' should bc for usp u ~ p88,
. : Xak.
CC(;; Gr. 01 ant: tilettl: 'he ordered someone to seek
Dis. DLD him' (yntlul~~rhrr), so he searched fix him
(fa'ftaqndnlrtr) Kal. 11 310 (tlletti:r, tllet-
I) tiilet n.o.a.b.; thc contrxt suggests the me:k): CnR xvff. tllet- Cauc. f . ; !n/ahdnidnn
nleaning 'cushion' or the like; apparently a 'to (jrdrr ti, ccek or sunilnon (sorrrcone)' Sn91.
Dev. K.;there is ol>vio~tsly no semantic con- rggv. 8 (qllotn.).
nectioi~witl; 1 or 2 t6le:-, and the word seems
rather to :-e derivrd fr. *Me:- as an l/r forni 1) tiilet- (d-) Ilap. lea.; Caus. f. of 1 tole:-;
of toge:-, cf. tulltiig Uyg. vrrr R. 13ud. (food Kny.'s explirnatinrl of the origin of tlie word
to eat, r-lothes to \\ear) o l u r g u l u k o r u n l n ~voultltie applicable to a CRUS.f. of tale:-;
tiiletin lovekin 'a scat, cuchinns, and matt- either he confused the tmo words or some
ress trr sit on' Strz!. 513, 13; 3.0. 7'7' 17111D.12 words have fallen out. ORuz sr 01 k0:y
(orun). toletti: notncnri'l-jnnnn~ (error for tmtncn) 'he
helped thC ewe to lamb'; nflrrhri isqrifi'l-'aqiqd
I> t~lda:g\tilta:g (d-) Urv. 3.fr. tllda:-; nrinn'l-m'r 'its origin is making the hair fall
proh. nith -It- in Uyi. and -Id- later; the out' Knf. II 3x0 (tiiletikr, t6letme:k).
nieaning is w r y elusive; in sonie LTyE. passages
'cause, reason' suits the context best, in others D t11da:-/tilts:- (d-) Den. V. fr. t11; regarding
perhaps 'pretext', which is nearer the ety- the phonetics see t1lda:g; etymologically this
nioloSical meaniny of tt1da:-. N.o.a.b., but should mean 'to use the tongue', hut in prac-
NE 'rob. t ~ l d a k'eloquent', R I11 1333, seems tice it seetns usu;rlly to ,near1 'to make excuses,
to be a parallel Dev. N./A in -k. Became an to seek ~retexts', and the like. Survives only
early I -w. in Motig. as giita,(i/gi/ta'a (< 'pitag) ( ? )in N C I i ~ r tilde-
. 'to abuse'. Uyg. V I I I tf.
'reason, cause' (Haenisrh 140); this word was Civ. (in a pledge by executors of an estate; 'if
then reborro\vcd in this form but with mean- anyone prescnts these docurrlcnts to us')
ings more akin to those in Xak., in Cak. (Sun. n e g u k e l l l t a m a y l t l butiiriip b e r g e y b i z 'we
2601.. 3), I<om. (srltov C C G ; Gr. 238) and will pay in full, witllout seeking any ~ r e t e x t s '
various modem languages, as \r-ell as in Pe. [ISp. 12, 9-10; 8.0. do. 14-15 ( C a m S l ~ )X : ak,
and other foreign ianjpmges, see Doerfw I 236. xr K U (if you are now willing to learn) tllan
Uyg. vlrr ff. &Ian. in T T I X 'J'okliarian 17, sn t t l d a m a e m d i k e s g i l siizug 'do not make
'thereulwn, therefore' is variously translated any excuses and stop talkin): at once' 4030:
a n l n , an1 iize and (1. 32) 01 trltng iize: Chr. X w a r . xrv t t l t a - 'to incite, induce (sonleone
o l ~ r g u r k nbtikiin(sic) kiitlke t e g l m o g o q l n r Ace., to do somctlritrx Dot.)' Qtilb I ~ J Z : K o m .
o:tka t a p t n m a k t r l t a g ~b u e r u r 'therefore xrv t ~ l t a g a nsiiz 'a false statement' C C G ; Gr.
this is thc rensoli for which the hIapi worship
fire dolvn to the present day1 jy I 9, 3-5: VU?L) t6lte:- JIap. Icg.; perhaps 1)en. V. fr.
t11tag 'cause, reason' is common, e . ~ Sanskrtt . t o l e t which could mean 'to ~ r o \ . i d e with
sliktoht.fo 'I,ecause of the good preeching' . ff. Man. Il'i?1d. 34-5 (kt-).
~usllions'. U Y ~vlrl
edgii (etkii) n o m t11ta:glnda: T T 17111 D.5;
o,o, do, ,rj, etc,; yavlak t u g ttltaglnda D tiltan- (d-) leg.; Refl. f. tllta:-:
'because of (or llnder the influence of) perhaps 'to make (sonlething Dot.) an excuse'.
T T I V 6, 2 r ; o,o. u I T i i r k i i v r r ~ff. Man. Clrtias. 267 (1 I:?).
249 TT 221 '7; 241 7I-' D t a l t u r - (d-) Cays, f, of t a l - ; s.i.s.m.l,,
( a d r u k ) ; U 11 8, 26 etc.: Civ. USp. r 11,. 314 ~ s u a l l yas t a l d u r - to tire out, exhn~lst', hut
Xak. tllda:g nl-tacn,,,ri fald~~..,nsan Sb' Osm. d a l d l r - means 'to plunge (sonle-
false accusation a Illan,; hence
ol tllda:g kllu:r 'he nlakes a false thing Ace.) into Xak'
u r u p t a l t u r d ~ :'he beat him until he almost
accusation against him': in I'e. it is lrahdna fainted' (Rndn nn yl@fc 'alcl~~Jli) KO$. 11 174
Knf, I 4b2; munda: adln (the Id,,r
v a s later(?) altered to krif) o k roa gayr hddd (talturur' talturma:k)'
nrinn'l-osbtbi'l-?nr111likn'illa and in addition D teltur- (d-) taus. f. of t e f - ; survives ill
to this there is a reason among its (time's) S\y ()stn, dcldir-. Xak. xt 01 ta:m teltlirdl:
destructive causes' I 160, 4: K B (If God asks ,he ordered the (bi-tnqb) of the wall'
'why did y i ~ uhehave like this?') n e g u trlda- (,tC,); the second td' is clIanged from ddl (MS.
g ~ m b a r 'what excuse have I got ?' 6544: xrv /dm), as they say in Ar. qntirrn and qndnra with
hfllh.(?) ( V t i ) al-'(rd (?read (~l-'llrda b u r - the same meaning (quotns.); a <In1 may hc
Ilose. intention') tl:l(la:g Rif. 1190 (('"1~): changed frorn td', and a fa' (MS. ha') from
X w a r . srv t l l t a g 'motive, cnuse' @ttb 192: da/ (quotns.) Ktlf.II 174 ( t e l t i l r u r , teltiir-
KIP. X I I I (i!ltacca nritra'l-i!rficcc 'to offer an me:k),
excuse' d11da:Rla:-); nl-!rvcca 'cxcuse, pre-
text, arpument' dtlda:& Hou. 37, 12: XIV 1) t i l t h - (d-) Caus. f. of til-; s.i.s.m.l.g.,
d t l t a k (II-/IIICCO,tio or^ cotnnionly pronounced usually as tildlr-. T i l d l l r - in K ~ J follows
.
with t - Id. 50. t u l d u r - so presumably belorigs here, although
sen~anticsllyit is nearcr teltllr-, but the text is Mon. V. DL&
in some diwrder and it is followed by biltiir-, talk- the Lasic meaning of this verb, which
t a m t u r - , etc.; the scribe was obviously con- ia pec. to Kaj. hut without a main entry is
fused hetwecn - t - and -ti-, but bilttir- is obscure. It survives aq talk]- 'to work (leather)
misplaced in ilny event. Xak. xr e r yar1nda:k while tanning i t ; to scutch (hemp)' in N E Alt.,
tlltiircii: 'the nlan ordered that a strap (lit. $or, ?'el. ( ' ~ u v .dalgl-), and N W Kaz. R 111
strip) should be cut' (bi-qaddi'l-qidd); also used 890. Cf. talku:, talguq, talkit-, talktl-.
of anything when it has been cut in strips X a k . X I ta1ka:r yadurr 'injures, harms' Kaf.
(qrlddo), e . c leather, and the like Kay. 11 175 1506 (teplzlik); odleg k a r i t m q k a : bodug
(tllturiir, ti1turme:k): (01) am: bi(-e:k talk ma:^ 'hair-dye docs not shame (hi
bile: tildlirdi: 'he stabbed him (waca'uhu; ya'ib) a man whom time has made white-
?read atuca'ahu 'had him stahbed') with a haired' 11 304, 23; n..m.e.
knife' I 1 176 (tildiirii:r, ti1diirme:k).
D toltur- (d-) Caus. of f. to:l-; 'to, fill'. DiS. DLC;
S.i.m.n~.l.g.;in SW Az., Osm. d o l d u r - ; Tkm. tala:k (d-) 'the spleen'. Survives in NC Kzx. ;
do:ldur-. Xak. XI 01 ayak tolturdi: 'he SC; NU' as talak or the like and SW Az.,
filled (nmla'a) the cup' (etc.) Kay. II 175 Osm. d a l a k ; 'I'km. da:lak. Xak. xr ta1a:k
(tolturur, to1turma:k): x~rr(?)Tef. toldur- al-tiha1 'the splecn' Kay. I 41 I : Gag. xv ff.
'to fill' 308: X I V Milh.(?) amla'a to:ldur- R I ~ . talagltalak srrpurz 'spleen', in Ar. tihBl San.
104 (only): (jag. xv ff. toldur- Caus. f.; pur 16ov. 6; dalak same translation do. 224v. 8
kardnn 'to fill' San. 183v. 4 (quotn.): Kom. (prob. Hcmi, though not so described): Kip.
xrv ditto toltur- CCG; Cr. 249 (quotn.): KIP. XIII al-fihdl ta1a:k Hou. zr, 17: xrv talak
xrv toltur- mala'a fd. 65; mnla'a doldur- ditto fd. 66: xv ditto ta1a:k (vocalized !ofark)
(once foldur-) Btrl. 80v.: xv maln'a toltyr- Kav. 61, 10; ralak Tuh. 23b. 4.
'with two fs; some people pronounce it with
two d s Kav. 7 4 , ~mala'a
; toldur- Tuh. 3 5 b 8. ta:lig Hap. leg.; obviously a mere jingle Xak.
xr Kay. I 4 0 8 (ta:ttg).
VUD tuldur- Hap. leg.; Caus. f. of tul-.
Xak. xr at112 anl: tuldurdi: 'the horseman D tila:k (d-) Llirn. f. of til; 'the clitoris'.
(etc.) collided with him' (fadamahu) Kay. I1 Survives in SW Osm. drfak and prob. all
175 (no Aor. or Infin.). modern language groups, but the kind of word
often omitted fr. dicts.; I.-w. in Pe., see
P U D tultiir- Hap. leg.; the passage occurs Donfer 11 925. Fi@l xr t11a:k matd'tr'l-
in a list of the unpleasant results of sin; the -mar'a 'clitoris' Kag. I 41 I ; (Xak. ?) hla:k
spelling is quite clear in the MS.; v. I. C. sug- farcu'l-mar'a ditto 1 335, 3: KIP. xrrr al-bav
gests that it means 'to make (soineone) dream', ditto tr1a:k Ilou. zr, 5: xrv t ~ l a kal-zun-
connecting it with tiil, this is possihle only btiru'llodi fi'l-farc ditto Id. 66: xv baqr (mis-
by assuming a I~omophoi~ous V. and N. of this spelt bndr) tilak l'uh. 7a. s : O s m . XVI ff.
form, hut there is no other trace of VU *tiil- d ~ l a k l f i i a k(also dilcik) 'clitoris' in several
or this verb, and no convincing sense is given At. and Pe. dicts. T T S I I zy2, 893; I V 2 z 7 .
by assuming that either this word or tuldur-
is niis-spelt. Uyg. v11r ff. Man. tug tize D tllllg P.N./A. fr. h l ; 'having a tongue'.
o l u r u p (so read) tiilturiir (the demons) 'sit S.i.m.m.l.g. usually ~ v .a preceding qualifying
on your chest and ?' M II I r', 12-13. Adj., 'having a . . . tongue'; but tillfg in some
NE languages means 'eloquent' and SW Az.,
VUD to1dra:- Hap. leg.; this verb is listed Osm., Tkm. dilli 'glib, voluble'. Xak. x i
in.a Chapter devoted to disyllables, in a small yavla:k ti:1118 bP:g 'a foul-mouthed husband
section containing three other verbs all of Kag. I11 133, 15; n.m.e.: xrv Mrth. al-fasih
which are onomatopoeics; the vocalization is 'eloquent' (opposite to 'stammering' ti:lSi:Z)
chaotic; in the case of this verb the 1 and d dillii: Mel. 55, 11 ; ti:llig Rif. 153; 9.0. do.
carry carms in the Perf. but are unmarked in 150 (o:gliig): Xwar. x ~ v tillig/tilli 'having a
the other tenses; in the case of the other verbs . . . tongue' Quth 179.
the third consonant usually carries a kasra,
but this seems to be an error. Prima facie a VUD tuluk Hap. leg.; the meaning can only
Den. V. fr. * t o l d ~ r ,possibly onomatopoeic 'to be conjectured; the editors suggest a connec-
clatter away' or the like. ORuz XI bo:y (mis- tion with modern words of similar form mean-
spelt to:y) toldra:di: tafarraqa'l-ncs min kwrtll ing 'wine-skin' and the like, no doubt der. fr.
crinib 'the people scattered in every direction' to:l-, but this is not very plausible; the mean-
Kag. 111 447 (toldra:r, to1dra:ma:k). ing seems rather 'barrier', or the like, which is
a possible meaning for a Pass. Dev. N./A fr.
tul-. Uyg. vrrr ff. Bud. (when a murderer is
T r i s . DLD reborn in hell, the lords of hell lay him face
.
1) t l l t n g l ~ gP.N./A. fr. t11tag; 'haring . . as downwards on a surface of red-hot iron)
a cause'. N.o.a.h. Rlore or less syn. w. tBz- iizesinde yallnlayu t u r u r yogun tuluklar
lug. Uyg. vrlr ff. B~ud ye1 t l l t a g l ~ gi g toga tegresinde toklp a n l o icinde b a t u r u r l a r
'an illnesq (Hend.) caused by wind' (?sic here, 'they fasten thick barriers(?)constantly flaming
not 'an evil spirit') Silo. 592, 9 (cf. .591, 12 yP1 on the top round him and lower him within
ttizliig in). them' TA4 I V 252, 34 fT.
 F talkn: See tarka:. hence crnc says yinqii: tolRn:g 'a pearl ear-
ring': tn1ea:g 01-tni?mn 'pain'; hence one says
L) talku: prob. a crasis of *talkgu: 1)ev. N. e m g e k tolgn:p nriginally a/-zn!rir wa'l-
fr. t a l k - ; survives in NIC 'l'el. tnlku:; NC 1<1r. -q,rrrlirrc 'tlysentrry, colic'; hence one says
ditto; I<zx. t a l k l ; N\iJ )car., Nog. ditto 'an n n q k a r n ~ : to1gu:r 'hc has :ni attack of
instru~nentfor \vr~rkingleather while it is being dysentery and tliarrhuaea' (01-lrr~ycia):tolga:g
tanned'. It is difficult to see the semantic con- (apparently talgn:g corrected to fol$od) 'a
nection of the Xak. word with this, but it is snowstorm (nl-damcrq) which takes a man by
connected with the meanings of other der. f.s. surprise' (ytity#'l-insfin) so that it nearly kills
Xak. X I anything 'spun or twisted' (mafi~il him; hence one says ta:g iize: to1ga:g (spelt
tr~~~durctcar) is called tnlku:; hence a 'twisted fnl2a:g) boldz: 'a snowstorm arose (qdmn) on
cord' is called talku: Y I $ I ~Kag. . 1427. the mountain' Kay. II 288: X w a r . xrv t o l g a g
z a h m a t r is used both for 'birth pangs' and the
1) t a l g u : ~IIap. leg.; abbreviation of *talk- 'sufferings' endured Iry a pilgrim Nahc. 287,
gu:q N.I. fr. t a l k - ; 'a toggle' and the like. 2-3: K I P . X I I I (in R l ~ s tof clnthinp, between
Xak. xr t n l g u : ~'the name of t l ~ piecec of wood 'boot' nnd 'slipper') a/-luJfiljii'ij 'puttees, or
(a/-xayabn) which is inserted between a pack- leggings' to:la:k (?~ic,MS. tor1o:h) Ilorr. 19,
ape (al-'id) and the cord (round it)'; the cord 5 : xlv tolak al-mny'tr'l-malfrif 'something
is twisted several ti~nes(.vr~/tal. . .fafnlljf), untll ;\.rapprcl lrp or round' Id. 65; in do. 45 against
the cord is stretched (ytrmartrl) and the load q o l m a k crl-lvrifo one MS. adds, 'also called
secured (ytr~tadrf),so that the package cannot dolak'.
shift (15 st~'arcrunc)Kag. I 453.
1) to1ku:k (d-) 'an i~rflatedski11 container, or
?E talga:g See to1ga:g. bladder', and more generally 'a skin container';
u 1':~~s.Vev. N./A. fr. t o l ~ k - ,
1) talk@ Dev. N. fr. t a l k - ; n.0.a.b. X a k . xr n~or~hologically
Emphatic Pass. f. of to:l-, which is traceable
talk@ musfadimu'l-!ribdl (so read, MS. cibdl) as d o l u k - in SW Osm. fr. xvr onwards (TITS
'tension(?)'"f cords'; t a l k @ ta'ruiqu'l-lontir 'a I 216; I V 236), and still survives in xx Anat.
business complication' Kaj. 1463. S D D 456. The latest trace of this word is in
D taIgu:k abbreviation of *talkgu:k N.I. fr. SW Osn,. Red. 1261 ; it is now obsolete every-
t a l k - ; n.0.a.b. Uyg. V I I I 8. t e r k i n bBg yIiz where. Uyg. v l r l ff. Man. Wind. 22-4 (1 iir-):
t a l k u k l a r ~ ganutg11 'quickly prepare the goo X a k . xi tolku:k 01-ziqq~r'l-mnnfrixfihi 'an
Iron nails' U 111 47, 9: X a k . X I talgu:k 'the jnflated skin' Kag. I1 289: xrv Mzrh.(?) (under
peg (or tang, al-matid) which is inserted in the wine-merchants' ecluiptllent') a/-ziqq t0:lku:k
handle (v~nqhad)of a spade or axe, so that the Hij. 162 (only): KIP. xlv d o l k u k 01-ziqq, also
(spade or) axe-head can be secured (yaytadd) pronounced with t- Id. 50; l o l k u k al-ziqq do.
to it' K a p 1469. 66: xv zarf cild 'a skln container' t o l k u k
Trih. 24a. 12: Osm. x v ~t o l k u k (spelt with
1) to1ga:g (d-) I)ev. N. fr. to1ga:-; lit. 'twist- Id') occurs in three dicts. translating Pe. \\pards
ing, something twisted', and the like; Kaq. for 'skin container' TTS 111 686; I V 760
give three meaninps; in the third 'snow-stonn' (RrrL spclls \\.it1118' 'pronounced d-').
it is vocalized tal$n:$; this meaning is not found 1) ta1ka:n 'crushed parched grain' and the
else\vhere, hut there is no reasonable doubt like; proh. abbreviation of *tnlkgn:n Dev.
that it is the same word in the sense of 'some- N. fr. talk-. S.i.a.tn.l.~.;in SW only Tkm.
thing swirling'. It is possible that the Uyk. t n l x a n ; a 1.-m. in I'c. and other foreign
\vord was a parallel Dev. N. in - k , tolga:k, languages see Doerfer I1 928 (his proposed
which would have the same meaning, and etymology is false). U y g . vlrl ti. Civ. yet1
most modem forms seem to go hack to this t u t u m t a l k a n 'seven handfuls of parched
word rather than tolga :R; they include NE grain' TT VII 24, 9 ; 2 5 , 10; a.0. H II 12, 91
$or t o l g a k ; Khak. , t o l g a x ; Tuv. d o l g a k (arpa:): X a k . xr tnlka:n al-sawiq 'crushed
'twisted, intertwined, and the like; SE Tiirki parched grain' Kaf. 1440 (verse); 0.0.11 89, 24
t o l e a k 'birth pangs'; NC Ktr. tolgo:/tolgok (kat19-); 154,16(1 k a t l n - ) ; 189.28 ( k a t t u r - ) ;
ditto, and 'the act of twisting; pressing, urgent' 190, 5 ( I k a r t u r - ) : xzv ~WIL/I.(?)
al-saroiq ta:l-
Kzx. t o l g a k ditto; SC Uzb. t a l g o k 'birth ka:n (n~is-spelt with qiif for t d ' ) Rif. 165
N W Kh., Nog. t o l g a k ditto; SW Az. (only): Gag. xv ff. t a l k a n 'a food made of
d o l a g ; Osni., Tkm. d o l a k 'puttees'. Uyg. crushed parched wheat' Vel. 173; t a l g a n l
V I I I ff. Bud. t o l g a g (or t o l g a k ? ) 'pain, dis-
t a l k a n 'n heat parched, crushed, and made into
tress', occurs both hy itself, e.g. a y ~ g adallg food' in particular, and 'anything softened
tolgag 'evil, danlerous pain' USp. 99 I1 b. 10, by crushing' in genernl (quotn., prov.); it is
nnd in lists of near synonyms, e.g. i g kern pointed nut that the translation of t a l g a n l
s l k l g t a g l g a d a t u d a t o l g a g l a r l n d a 'in t n l k a n as 'pillage' in Vel. 172 in the same verse
diseases (Hend.), constrictions (Hend.), dan- is an error San. 16ov. 14:
gers (IIend.), and pains' U I 1 73, 2 (iii) ff.;
and in l'riv. N.I.4. form e.g. e m g e k s i z
tolgagslz '\vithout pain' TT V I 280: Civ. Dis. V. DL&
t o l g a g bolup s a n m e s e r 'if a man has colic I) tlllk- (d-) Hap. leg.; Intrans. Den. V.
( ? ) and it is not relieved' li I 44: Xnk. XI fr. ttl. Xnk./Oguz XI klqi: men19 blrle:
tolga:g yonafrr'l-n~ar'a 'a woman's earring'; t ~ l ~ k d 'the
r : Inan conversed (takallama) with
 n ~ cand tried to obtain (istncarm) information 'Tkrn. dolan- 'to rotate, revolve; to circulate,
from me'; and one says 01 e r i:siz ttlrktl: saunter about', and the like. Uyg. v ~ ~ r f f .
'that tnan becarne a target for gossip (iornd Man.-.I k i m etiiz uqun e m g e n s e r tolgan-
li'l-airrrn) twinp criticized and ahused for s a r 'whoever undergoes pain and suffering for
diacreditahle cnnduct'; tile first is an OPuz the sake of his body' M III t r , 11-rz (ii):
phrase and the 'I'urkq do not know it Kay. II Bud. U II aq, r (ulrn-): Xak. xr e r ullndt:
I 16 (ttltka:r, tt11kma:k). tolgandr: 'the man writhed (iltarcd) with pain
and tossed (~nqallaba) from one side to ithe
?D to1ga:- (d-) basically 'to twist, wrap other'; and one says e r o:zi: t o l g a n d ~ : the
round', and the like. S.i.a.m.l.g., usually as man was seized with dinrrhoea and dysentery';
tolga-, hut NE: 'l'uv. d o l g a - ; S W Az., Ostn., and one says e r o:zige: yu:g tolgandt: 'the
'I'km. dola-, with a wide range of meanings in man wrapped together hanks of raw ~voolfor
some languages. See tolgar-. Xak. XI kl:z himself'Kuj. 1 1 ~ 4(tolganu:r,
1 to1ganma:k):
yinqu to1ga:dr: 'the girl put on earrings Gag. xv ff. tolgan- (-lp) toian- Vel. 219;
(qnrm/ot li-nafsihd ~ a n a f ) of pearls' (etc.); tolgan-ltolgag- picida judan 'to be twisted'
arid one says 01 yu:g tolga:dl: 'he wrap- San. 184r. 23 (quotns.): Ktp. xv 'aRira (of
ped together hanks ('ammnta 'amita) of water) 'to he turbid' (bulan- and) tolan-;
raw urool' (i.e. for spinning); and one says T k m . (bulgan- and) tolgan- Tuh. 26a. 3
an19 karnl: tn1ga:dt: 'his stomach writhed (these descriptions should be reversed?).
(larud) with diarrhoea and the like' Kaf. III
289 (tolga:r, to1ga:ma:k; in three places the V U I I tolgar- Pec. to Kag.; the vocalization
nrrq!as of the fd' are missing, and in the first and etymology of this verb are most obscure;
phrase it has jatha instead of (iomma): XIV of the six occurrences the first syllable is
Illuh.(?) 'utnala miuadda 'to make a pillow, or vocalized tal- six times with the alternativr
bolster to:la:- Rif. I 13 (only; the 1- requires (two vowel signs) tol- once, nevertheless con-
back vowels, which excludes a connection with sidering the meanings tol- is almost certainly
t6let; the implication may be 'to wrap up right; the second syllable is - g u r - four times
material to make a pillow'): Gag. xv ff. tolga- and -@r- tw~ce. T h e word can hardly be a
(-dl, -p) !oldrir- (sic? error for tola:- or Caus. f. since it is Intrans., and the likeliest
d6ndiir-) ve biir-; dondur- 'to twist; to turn explanation is that tolea:- is a Trans. Den.
(away)' Vel. 219 (quotns.); tolga- ,a Trans. V. and this verb an Intrans. Den. V. from
verb (masdar-i mtrta'addi) piridan to twist, * t o l ~ gin which case the correct f o m ~of this
turn'; tolgandur- is used in the same sense verb should be tolgar-. Xak. X I k8gliim
San. 184r. 8: Ktp. xrv tola- laffa 'to wrap tolgardl: 'my constitution (najsi) was almost
(round)' fd. 65: xv tnlaqat 'to be in the throes thoroughly upset (read talamamwac for tota-
of child-birth' folga- fih. 24a. 6; lama hawwac in MS.) when it was revolted (Iuqisal)
( k a y r r l - l r n a y r ~ l - ;in margin in second band) by eating putrid food' (to?garur, tolgar-
tola- do. 3 a a 12. ma:k): a r t ba91: tolgardl: a snowstorm rose
1) t a l k ~ t -Hap. leg.; Caus. f. of t a l k - ; this (qdmoti'l-damaq) over the head of the pass'
nlust be the correct form, it is the vocalization (etc.) Kap. 11 178 (tolgara:r, to1garma:k).
of the Aor., elsewhere the vowcl signs are D talklg- Flap. leg.; Co-op. f. of talk-. Xak.
absent or wrong. Xak. 01 anrg ]:gin t a l k r t t ~ : XI 01 maga: uyma: t a l k ~ g d 'he
~ : helped me to
'he urged someone to obstruct ('arcwaqa) his twist ( j i lajy) the felt out of which boots are
business'; and one says 01 yukni: talktttl: 'he made'; also used of anything that is twisted
urged someone to push the load into position' (yulrud wa yttftal) Kay. II 207 (talkt$u:r.
(yufdimu'l-[zarnl); also used when one orders ta1krgma:k).
someone to secure it (hi-i~ldhihi)with a rod
(mirba'a) which is inserted between the cord D tolgag- Co-op. f. of to1ga:-; s.i.s.m.l. with
and the load and twisted (yrrftal) until the load various extended meanings; in SW Az., Osm.,
is straight (ynstaqim) KO?. 11 339 (talkltu:r, Tkrn. dolag-. Xak. xr 01 m e n i g birle: yug
tn1krtma:k). tolgapdt: 'he competed with me in
together(fi ta'tnir) hanks of wool'; also used of
1) tolgat- (d-) Caus. f. of to1ga:-; 'to cause twisting (fi l a w ) anything, and also of colic
pain or suffering'. S.i.s.m.l. with extended (01-trzui) when it attacks the stomach Kay. Z I
meanings. 'Tiirkil V I I I II N 13 (emget-): 2 2 0 (tolgagu:r, to1Rapma:k); Gag. xvff.
Uyg. V I I I ff. Man. TT II 16, 41-4 (emget-). San. 184r. 23 (tolgan-).
D talktl- Hap. leg.; Pass. f. of talk-. Xak. XI
talkildt: ne:g infadama'l-$ay' rua'ndaja'a 'the Tris. D L ~
thing was pushcd back into position'; and one D ta1a:gu: H;p. leg.; Vev. N. fr. tala:- Xak.
says I:$ talklldt: 'the business was pushed XI ta1a:gu: a quick-acting (nl-mrtrahlrat?)
hack' (?postponed, inrlafa'a); and one says poison'; and 'dysentery' (01-za?rir) is also called
yiik talklldl: indaja'a'l-[lam1 fi'l- habl 'the ta1a:gu: Kaj. I447.
load was pushed back under the cord (holding
it in position)' Kap. II 230 (talktlu:r, talkll- T r i s . V . DLG-
ma:k). D tolkuklan- (d-) Ilap. leg.; Refl. Den. V.
D tolgan- (d-) Refl. f. of to1ga:-; s.i.n~.m.l.g. fr. tolkuk. Xak. X I tolkuklandl: ne:g 'the
with extended meanings; in SW Az., Osm., thing was inflated (intnfaxa) like a skin con-
 'I'H I S .
tnincr' Krq. IIxsr ( t o l k u k l n n u : r , t o l k u k l n n - the hm!, thc satisfied man is scclntr and docs
rna:k). Iirrt care if thc meal is late' !in$. 1 387: X I I I ( ? )
Tpf. t b l e k ( ~ n e a n i n gohsci~re, but nl-snkino
D F t a l k a l a n - Ilap. leg.; I<cH. ))en. V. fr. 'tranqu~llity' translated tiileklik) 3 1 8 (fiilek):
tnlka: (tnrka:); inadcquntcly vocalized hut s l v I</r,$.RY y a w n ? tiilck 'cih ~ c n t l eand trnn-
certainly of this form. X a k . xr iiziim rliul man' l<111 1508; Altrlr. 111-lrrrtlrro 'quiet'
talko1:indi: 'the gmpeq were sour' (tn/ro:ronlo) tii1e:g ( - g ~ n n r k r d )MeI. 51, z (corrupt); Hifi
Kog. 111 zor ( t a l k a l a n u : r , talkalann1a:k). 146: (lag, s v R. (aftcr tiilek) it ( I ~ c r ctiilek)
also r)ccu~.swith the m c ; ~ n i l iyor3ng~ 'quiet,
1)is. DLC; gentle' I'PI. 220: X w a r , srv tiilek 'mild,
I) teliik (d-) Pass. I k v . N. fr. t e l - ; 'a hole'. kindly' Quth 189 (tiilrk).
Survives in S W Az., Osm. d e l i k . Cf. tegiik.
X a k , XI telilk (?sir, RlS, trlik) 01-!nqb 'a hole' 1) tu1e:k I h v . N./A. fr. tiile:-; 'n~oulting;
Kay. 1 3 8 8 : xrtl(?) lef. t e l u k l t e l i k 'a hole (in thc riloulting season'. Survives in SW Osrn.
a ship); the aperture (of a cow's udder)' 296: tiilek, salne nwaning(and others); I.-+\.. in I'e.,
xrv Rh.t. t69iik t e l u k k o y m a d i 'he left no ~ C CDoerfrr li,982. X a k . xr tiilek roflqt
hole' R 111 1085: <jag. xv ff. t e l i i k delik Vel. irrld!i'l-darcnhb oqeyiqihi 'the season when
194 (quotn.); teliik (spelt) stirax 'hole' Sun. anirnnls shed their winter coats'; one says
zoor. 26 (same quotn.): KIP. xrv teliik (?; ko:y tii1e:kinde: (sic) keldi: 'the sheep has
lljm unvocalized) 01-hrruy 'hole' Id. 39; ( T k m . ) reached the rnoulting season' Koi. 1 ?87;
cleliik 01-!nqh h. 5 0 ; 01-brrsj (t-) tlelik (sir) tii1e:k yllkl: 01-~ntr'iqq 7ninn'l-!~o~,nrcrin, anr-
Brrl. 3, 16: s v brrq telik lrrh. 7a. 12: Osrn. 11~x1s~vtirlsr winter coat has fallen out arid
xrv d e l u k ; xvl tlelik 7 ' 7 5 I V 202. r v h ~ ~ ssummer
c cont is grow in^' 1 4 1 2 : G a g .
s v ff. tiilek ('with -k') 'the tirne when birds
D ti1e:k (d-) Dev. N. fr. tile:- ; 'request, wish'. change their feathers' VPI. zzo (quotn.);
S.i.a.m.1.g.; in NE 'I'uv. d l l e k ; S W Aa., Osnl. t u l e k (spclt) 'of onirnals and l ~ i r d s ,shed din^
d i l e k ; Tkm. d i l e g . IJyg. vrlr ff. Civ. 6 t i i g their coats o r feathers and growing new ones'
(so read) t i l e k b u l ~ u l u ks ~a r p 'it is difficult Sun. 1 8 . q ~15
. (same quotn.).
to achieve one's desires (Hend.)' TT I 221-2:
Xak. xt ti1e:k al-murad'wish' Kaj. I 4 1 2 ; 0.0. IIU(D) t a l i i k pec. to Uyg.; some meaning like
I1 148, 7 (ti:le:k); 111 90, 3 (tilekni:): KII 'vigour' o r 'violence' seems to be indicated;
b a y a t b h r d i b a r y a t i l e m i g t i l e k 'God etymology obscure. Uyg. vrrr ff. Bud. b a r
granted him all his wishes' go; many 0.0. 37, kuqin u n t u r i l p tolukin sekriyii b a r ~ p
116, 125, 136, etc.: xlrr(?) At. tilekqe t l r i l sun~monirrgall his strength and going with
'live as you wish' 415; T P ~ t.i l e k 'wish' 302: vigorous leaps' U I V 10, 46-7 ( I 43, 10-1 I ) ;
srv Icltrh. a/-mrrnid ti:le:k Mel. 84, 10; Rif. (ipkesl tiiliiklnde 'in the violence of his rage'
190: Gag. xv ff. t i l e k dilck I+!. 193; t i l e k 11 II zg, 25; toliikin u r u p 'violently striking'
(spelt) p l a b rco rnos'nln 'request' S a ~ r .200r. 20 do. 27, 24; beli!)[dek] tiiliikln 'with terrifying
(quotn.): X w n r . XIII d i l e k 'wish, request' vic~letrce' T7' X 354-5; 0.0, S117'. 102, 4
Ali 56: s r v t i l e k ditto Qtrtb 179: Kom. X I V ( k l v i r g n k ) ; 615, 6 (ktnl&.
'wish' t i l e k CCG; Gr. :Krp. sfv ( T k r n . ) tlllek D tii:liig l'.N./A. fr. tti:; 'hniry, Ccnthcrrd'.
nl-mrrrfid Id. 50: s v t i l e k Dev. N. of tlle-
T~rh.843. 2. S.i.a.rn.1.g. but in such forms as SE Tiirki
tiiltluk; SW Osrn., 'l'lim. tiiylii with inserted
V U ? F diiliik lfnp. leg. ; the IZm is unvocalized; consonant. UyW. vrrr tT. Bud. etSz tiilSg
it is possihle that the (iofn~r~n is misplaced and e:rUr 'the body is hniry' 7'1' V I l I G.63: Civ.
that this should be read as d e l i i k (teliik) but do. P.24; 11 I 37-8 ( e r u k ) : xlv Clrin.-Uyg.
initial d - is so rare in Koh that it may well be Eict. 'peach' t u l u g ( e r u k ) Ligcti 271 : X a k .
a foreign I.-w. X a k . X I dljluk a[-huzafir'l-a'yd xr one says of a horse b u n t ne: tii:lug a,
(sic in MS., ? read 0.16 or a@d) zva hrrwa nolr- ~ i y a'what is the c o l o ~ ~ofr this horse's coat?'
rllu'l-cnrmtn'l-mokslirn~r'l-rtl'r; (01-u'ici 'night- Kaz. I 406, 24; I 69 (eriik); 11119 ( y a d ~ m ) ;
hlind' is an obvious error; 01-@!a means 111207 (tu:); n.ni.e.: s r v Muh. & i 'hairy'
fa'?
'rubbish'; though gramtnatically dubious, tii:glii:g Alrl. 10, 10 (Rif. 83 sn:yliig sic):
the phr. /~nznftr'l-ns!lj, gives the best sense) (Xu7%lr. srlr(?) t u k tiiliikliig 'hairy' 02.15;
'a rubbish pot', for exanlple a jar with a broken k b k tiiliikliig 'grey-haired' do. 140, etc.):
neck KO$,1389. Kom. xrv 'hairy' tiiklil C C I ; Gr.
VUII tiilek (d-) 'tranquil, sedate, quiet', nntl D tilge: (d-) Hap. leg.; I k v . N. (Conc. N.)
the like. Survives only(?) in SW xx Anat. fr. til-. X a k . xr onc says b1:r tilge: e t 'a slice
ctolek, same meaning (nnd others) SDD 464; (fiI<Io) of meat'; also used of anything cut
there are also in this language several related lengthways (qtr!iSn /riln(~r));hence one calls 'a
verbs d o l e t - , d a l e n - , d o l e n d i r - , d6leq-. strip(jo!ho) of lend' b1:r tilge: y6:r Kaj. 1429.
For Osm. Red. 927 (only) lists d o l u k in this
sense arid dijliin- 'to heconie quiet'; these are tilkii: 'fox'; s.i.n.rn.l.g., usuafly with trrpo
prob. nlisvocalized. It scenls clear that tlilek rountlcd ~ ~ c ~ w etiilkti
l s , and thc likc; S\Y Az.
is .a Dcv. N. fr. *t61e:- (d-) a ditl'erent word tiilkS, hut (>.;!!I., 'l'kni. tilki, scc Slrchprbok,
f w t n 1, 2 tiile:- above. O g u z XI t o l e k p. 135. 'I'iirku vtrr ff. ozi:n tllkii: y6mi:g 'a
a/-mrrfma'in mn'l-siikin 'quiet, sedate'; a q fox eat him' I r k D 46: UyR. V I I I ff. Bud. tilkii
B:vek t o k t 6 l e k 'the hungry man hurries to (in lists uf evil calni\,orous aninrals) 11 31,
 DIS.
53: .'711t,. 5 9 9 , 16; hlo, 15: Xak. X I tilkti: (tamnNnqn . . . f i mrvn,b&t) as if he was a fof
;I-ln'loh 'fox'; also a nicknarne for n yirl hahy, KO$.I I I 202 (tilkii:lenii:r, ti1kil:lenme:k):
for reasons explained at some l c n ~ t hKnl. I O s m . xvr-XVIIIdilkiilen- 'to fawn, flatter
429; I11 244 (6kki:le:-) and 5 o.o., once ( I I obsequiously' in several texts, mainly dicts.
343. 18) tllkl:: KB 2312 (alp:): XIII(?)TPJ. l'TS 1207; I1 299; 111195; I v 2 5 5 .
tllkll 'fox' 302: X I V Mt~h.a/-lo'lab tilku:
Mel. 72, 8 ; Rif. 174: Gag. xv ff. tiilkii T r l s . DLL
rribdh 'fox' Son. 184v. 15: Xwar. xrv tilkii D to1111g (d-) P.N./A. fr. toll:; n.0.a.b. Uyg.
Qurb 179: Kom. xrv 'fox (skin)' tiilkU C C I ; vrlr ff. Man. tol111T: built teg 'like a cloud full
G r . : KIP. xrrr 01-_ta'lab tilkii ( ? unvncalized) of hail' M II I I , 16.
Hou. I I , 4 ; nrv tiilkii: a[-!n'labu'l-Burjasi
id. 39 (frotn Burtas on the middle Volga); D toluluk (d-) A.N. fr. tolu:; n.0.a.b. X a k .
(Tkm.) rlilkii: a!-!a'/ab; also pronounced xr K B a t l m e r d l A y t o l d ~ lullum tolu
with t - do, 50; nl-fn'lab tllkii: Btrl. 10, 7: frildi toluluk 'my name was Aytoldl ('the
xv fa'lab tiilki 7'111z. I la. 2: O s m . X I V to xvr, moon has become full'), my character was full
once in xvrr, dilkii in several texts TTS I (like the moon); the fullncss has waned' 1351.
206; 11299; I I I 19s; I v 2 2 4 .
D telge:k Dev. N. fr. te1ge:-; n.0.a.b. in the T r l s . V. DLL-
Iiend. bu1ga:k te1ge:k. Uyg. V I I I ff. Man.- D talu:la:- Den. V. fr: talu:; 'to choose'.
A (it is like the great ocean) k i m bulgak N.0.a.h. Tiirkii vrrr ff. ta1u:la:pan 'choosing'
t[elgek] iiktig ol 'where there are many dis- I r k B 19 (this para. is unintelligible, and
turbances' M III y, 17 (ii); 0.0. do. 9, z (ii); possibly corrupt): U Y ~V.I I I ff. Bud. {human
lo, I j (i): Dud. b u bulgak telgekke (mis- beings) tugdukta kiin talulamaz do not
.
transcribed tilgryke) katlltlm . . e r s e r 'if I choose the day of their birth' . . . iildiikte
have been involved in these disturbances' U II y e m e kiin t a l u l a m a z 'and do not choose the
87, 53 (in the parallel texts U I1 78, 35; TT day of their death' T T VI 227 ff.: Xak. XI 01
I V 10, 17 the phr. used is 61 bulgakka 'civil ta1u:la:dl: ne:gni: 'he chose (ixtdra) the thing'
disturbances'). Kaf. III 326 (talu:la:r, ta1u:la:ma:k): K B
(if this favour of heaven comes, a man's days
PU(D) ti1ge:n 'wheel, disc'; pec, to Uye.; (read kuni) are favoured) ttimen arzii birle
unlikely to be n basic word but with no obvious talulap y&ra9 'he chooses and enjoys food
etymology. Uyg. vrrr ff. Bud. Sanskrit cakra and countless (other) desires' 682; 0.0. 686,
'wheel' tilge:n TT VIII A.34; yiiz t1Ike:nin 899, etc.: XIII(?)At. (this is a wise book) b i r
(sic) 'with a hundred wheels' do. G.69; kiin siizIig talulap ketiirdim 'I have chosen
tet)rl tilgeni t e g 'like the sun disc' TT V one (wise) word and brought it (to you)' 477
6, 21: Suo. 92, 18 etc.; kat)ll tilgeni teg (sbziig seems a better reading than stiztik).
'like a cart wheel' Strct. 133, 2 0 ; 0.0. TT V
6. 43-45 (1 attug); VI 455 (tevir-); VII 41, D tolu:la:- Hap. leg.?; Den. V. fr. tolu:; 'to
24; u 111 17, 9. fill'. Xak. x r ~ ( ?K
) B V P gr (aktt-).

Dis. V. DLG- Dis. DLM

telQe:- Hap. leg.; but see telge:k, telgen-. t a l l m an Adj. used to qualify words for
Xak, XI o l ata:sln bulga:dl: (telge:di:> animals, prob. 'predatory', or the like. N.0.a.b.
awqa'a ah311f i tzarad wn dacar 'he infuriated TUrkU vrrr ff. t a l ~ mkara: kug 'a predatory
and enraged his father'; teige:di: is used only (I)eagle' IrkR 3, 43, 51; t a l l m url: in do.
in Ilend. (muzdawica(n)) and not by itself Kaz. 40 makes no sense and is prob. an error for
III 291 (telge:r, te1ge:me:k). t e l i m url: 'many ravines': Uyg. vrrr ff. Bud.
t a l t m k a r a kug in Kuan. 142 (UII 20, 23)
1) telgen- Hap. leg.; Refl. f. of telge:-. Xak. corresponds to Sanskrit garr& 'a mythical
XI ol a g a r bulgandi: telgendi: 'he was bird, king of the birds and enemy of serpents';
infuriated and enraged by him'(ga4iba . . . ma t a l l m b a l ~ kPP 17, r represents Sanskrit
harido): telgendi: is not used by itself, makara 'a mythical but dangerous sea monster'.
but always follows b u l g a n d c Kay. II 242
(telgenii:r, telgenme:k). t e l i m (?d-) 'many1, one of the commonest
words with this meaning down to XI, but now
T r i s . DLG obsolete everywhere. Uyg. vrrr ff. Man. T T
D tileklig (d-) P.N./A. fr. ti1e:k; n.0.a.h. III 21, 145 (iikiig): Bud. t e l i m is common,
both by itself, e.g. n o m bitiglerin telim
Uyg. V I I I ff. Bud. (I came here) n o m l u g n o m ylgyuk m e n 'I have collected many scrip-
tilekllg kUsUg iize 'with a desire to search tures' FICen-ts. 58-9, and in the ~ h r .iikiig
for scripture hooks' Iliiert-fs. 203-4. t e l i m Suv. 140, zz etc. and t e l i m tikug U III
40, 28 etc.: Civ. (if an eye) ukug telim yay
T r i s . V. DLG- a k s a r 'waters profusely' H I 65: Xak. xr
D ti1kii:len- Refl. 1)cn. V. fr. tilkii:; lit. 'to t e l i m al-kaiir 'many'; one says tellm
behave like a fox'. N.o.a.b., but SW Osm. yarrna:k 'many dirhams' Kag. I 397; nearly
tilkileg- has much the same meaning. Xak. 40 0.0.: KB m e n i emgetiir tll id1 iik telim
X I e r tilkti:lendi: 'the man was slyly flattering' 'my tongue very often injures me' 166;
 DLM
kiglde klql a d r u k ~ b a r t e l i m 'thcre are many 1010.X a k . XI K l j u k u g k n b i l i g k e b u t ~ l m a ~
clitfrrences hetwecn one n1nn and another' 201 ; t11 'the interpreter of this to understanding
0.0. 272, 404, 761, e t c . ; t e l i m r c k 2148: K I I I and knowledge is the tongue' 162: X I V Muh.
( ? ) At. telirn e r k a n t 'many men's blood' ( ? ) torcrt?t!dn 'interpreter' tl:lma:$ RrY. 155
142; 3 0.0.; 7'rJ. *telirn 'many, much' 207: (only): C a b s v ti. t l l r n a c (spclt) 'an intcr-
X w a r . X I I I ditto Ali 52: X I I I ( ? )kijp t e l i m preter' (tnrcrrmfin) who is an intermediary
'very many' 02. I 1r>, I zo, ctc. :srv teIim/tklirn between two people and tranylatcs their words
'many' Qutb 174-6; il2iV 366; Nolrc. 336, 7: from one language to another, also pronounced
T k r n . X I I I al-kn!ir (KIP. kopliiktig) te:lim d t l r n a c Son. zoor. 25: K o r n . 'interpreter'
JIotl. 2;. 13: xiv delirn 01-kn!ir; and one says t e l r n a q (sic, in the Pe. colulnn talnmofi) C C I ;
b u d e l i m t l u r 'this is too much', on finding t o l r n a q CCG: Gr. (the latter a Slavon~c
something exccsslre ('V~rl irtik?dri'l-~ay') fd. form): Klp. xiv al-lavctrttrcin { a l r n a : ~(sic)
50: O s m . xlv ff. d e l i m 'many, much'; very Urtl. 6, I I : xv ditto t l l m a $ (in margin, 'with
common in x ~ and v xv, once in XVI TTS I 191 ; t - and d-') Trrh. 9a. 3.
11 275; I11 177; I V 201 : X V I I I t e l i m , in Rrimi,
faro'tudn ma bisyir 'much, many' Son. 16ov. z j. Dis. V. DLM-
1) t i l i m (d-) N.S.A. fr. t i l - ; 'a (single) slice' I> t e l m i r - ( ? d - ) perhaps Intrans. Den. V. fr.
and thc like. S.i.a.nl 1.g.; in SW Az., Osm., t e l i m , hut, ifso, it shouldmcan 'tudosun~ething
rkni. clilim; a 1.-w. in Ye., sce Dorrfer 11 932; many tirnes'; in practice it nlrans 'to look (at
cf. tilge:. X a k . X I bi:r tllirn e t 'a slicc s o ~ n c < ) r ~tenderly,
e) or cxpcctilntly'. Survives
(~5lda)of meat'; also used of anything cut o r in Sli 'l'urki t e l t n i i r - ;NC I<lr., ~ < z xt.e l r n i r - ;
split lengthways KO$.I 3 9 7 : (,.a&. xv ff. t i l l m SW 'I'kin. d e l m i r - , sanw meaning. Uyg.
qcq brtridn 'cut in slices' Son. 2 w r . 29 (quotns.); v r r ~ff.Dud. t e l m i r e k o z i n t e g r i x a t i t n l n r ~ g a
a.0. do. 1 9 8 ~ .9 (til-) K o r n . x ~ v'a slice of k o r i i r l e r 'they look tenderly (or expectantly ?)
bread' t i l l m C C G ; Gr. at thcir divine constrrts' TT I , p. 19, note 46, 2
(fr. ~lfaitrisimit):X a k . X I e r t e l i r n t e l m i r d i :
VU(?D) 1 t u l u m the only meaning in Xak. 'the man glanced (talnffata) to the right and
is 'weapons, military equipment'; fr. the left as if he was looking for solnettling or saw
medieval period ontvards the only meaning. a rnan or the like' Kag I I r7r) (te1mire:r.
except when it is a Sec. f. of t u l u g , is 'a skin te1mirme:k): K O Bliim t u t t ~b a r d l k a z i
container, inflated skin used as a float', etc. t e l r n i r e 'death took (the lords of this world)
It is, of course, poss. but nut very likely that and they went off glancing about them' 6634:
these are two different words. I n both cases G a g . xv ff. t k l r n u r - ( - d l , -tip) (VU) cahr-,
the word might semantically be regarded as bnh- 'to look expectantly'(?) Vel. 195 (quotn.;
a N.S.A. fr. tol-, b u t it is consistently pro- the first verb is unvocalized and cannot
nounced t u l u m in all the modern languages in b e identified); t k l m i i r - (spelt) 622 tndndan-i
which it survives and is a I.-w. in this form rnsttr rlnr intizo'r run ofrilo-i nazar kardan
and the second meaning in Mong. (Kow. 1855, 'to look long and expectantly' Son. zoor.
Hnltod 431). T h e evidence against any con- I (quc'tns.): X w a r . X I V telrniir- 'to Ic~(rk
r.,ction with tol- scenls to be o v e r ~ v l i e l ~ ~ ~ i ntrndclly'
g, V ~ r t b174.
but thcre is no semantic connection w. t u l - .
A I.-w. in Pe. and other foreign languages, see T r i s . I)LM
Dorrfty I1 9 3 1 . X a k . XI t u l u m al-siIo'h isnt V U D t u l u r n l u g P.N./A. fr. t u l n m ; 11.0.a.b.
cdnti' a generic term for weapons (or military Uyg. V I I I fi. Man. Af I I 11, 1 2 (teg-): X a k .
equipment)' Kns. 1 3 9 7 ; 1 2 1j ( a n ~ t - ) ,I1 30 xr t u l u m l u g e r al-nirr(faccac 'an armed man'
(1 ba:n-) and z u.o.: K B (do not forget death) Kag. I 4 9 8 (verse): K R (a fmnous warrior) e r
a g a r y o k t u l u m 'there are no weapons against u d r u r n k e r e k sii t u l u m l u g t e r n i s 'said
it' 1381; o k y a t u l u r n 'bow and arrows and "your tnen must be picked and your army well
militay equipment' 3623; e r at sU t u l u m nrmed" ' 2337.
'men and horses, an army, and weapons' 5485;
0.0. 1381 (2 a t ) , I537 $1 2 3 3 9 , 2,155: Tris. V. DLM-
Gag. xv ff. t u i u m xrk a sktn contarner, rn VUD t u l u m l a n - Hap. leg.; Refl. Den. V. fr.
Ar. ziqq Son. 1 8 4 ~ 18; . a.0. 92v. 23 (uyma:). t u l u m . X a k . X I e r t u l u m l a n d l : labisu'l-
S 2 t u l u m See t u l u g . -racirl an~ztira'l-!?orb run'/-silr5 'the man wore
military e(luipmcnt and arms' Kas. I1 266
?I) trims$? (d-) 'interpreter'; prima facie ( t u l u m l a n u : r , tulum1anrna:k).
der. fr. t ~ l but
, morphologically obscure since 1) t i l e r n s i n - (d-) Refl. Sitnulative Den. V.
- m a q is otherwise a Dev. Suff. forming names *tilem, N.S.A. fr. tile:-; mentioned only t o
of foodstuffs; the possibility that it is a I.-w. illustralte this verbal f o r n ~ .Xnk. X I 01 a n d l n
cannot therefore be excluded, particularly ne:g illernsindi: 'he pretended to ask(yn111rhu)
since in a slightly different form it exists in him for the thing' Krrf. I1 259, 29.
Old Church Slavonic, while in Turkish it is
not traceable earlier than KB; the reading 1) t i l i r n s l n - (d-) Itefl. Sitnulntive Den. V. fr.
t l m ~ lin U I I 19, 9 (Kuntr. 127) is a nlis- t l l i r n ; ~nentionedin the same way as tllern-
reading of nomgt. S.i.a.m.1.g.; t h e forms s i n - X a k . X I <ol>yar1nda:k t i l i m s l n d i : 'he
which it takes in Turkish nnd various foreipn pretended t o cut a strap' (yaqiddir'l-qidd) Kay.
languages are discussed at length in Doerfer 11 I1 262. 8.
 DIS.
Dis. DI,N Gag. xv ff. ttelin- stirsx jurlnn 'to be pcr-
1) to:lun ((I-) Intrans. Ileo. N./i\. fr. tu:l-; fi~mted'Sun. ~ g g r .4.
used only in the phr. tolun (a:y) 'the full D tilen- (d-) Refl. f. of tile:-; s.i.s.m.l., in
moon'; a:y sometimes omitted; s.i.s.m.l., in S W A n . , Osm., 'Tkrn. dilen-, usually mean in^
S W Osni. clolun. Xak. xr tolun a y 01-hadr 'the 'to ask for (something) for oneself. to beg'.
full moon' Kay. I. 402; I 82 (to:lun a:y); 1288, Uyg. vnr ff. Civ. m e n Kiinbbrmig S a g u n d a
F (to1u:n); 11133, 14(to:lun): K B qiyHmatta tilengti 01 'he must ask me, Kunb6rmig S. (for
k o r g i t tolun t e g yuzi 'show his face like a the payment)' U S p 35, 4: Xak. XI e m s e m
full moon on the day of resurrection' 48: a g a r tilenip 'I sought for (!alabtrr) a remedy
tolun bolsa tolsa 'when (the moon) becomes (Ifend.) for it' Kag. 1407. 28; tilengil 'seek'
full and is full' 732: X I I I ( ?Tef.
) tolun a y 309: I11 43, 20; n.m.e.: K R Iki aJun tilen 'seek for
cab xv If. tolun plrr zva mnnrlti' 'full, filled'; both worlds for yourself' 443: KIP. XIII kodda
tolun a y badr-i kzmil 'the full moon' San. mina'l-kudya 'to beg' ti1e:n- Hou. 43, 10: xrv
184v. 22 (quotn.): X w a r . xrv tolun uy ~ohnd~z ditto dilen- Uul. 5ov.: xv jahatn ditto
Qutb 182; MN 5 , etc.: KIP. xllr nl-badr a y (kovala-lkov-/)tilen- Trrh. zrb. 9.
jolun that is qonlur fnal'n'n Hou. 5, 4: xrv (tol-
to he full'; hence) tolun ay/folu a y 'the moon D tilin- (d-) Refl. f. of til-; n.0.a.b. Xak.
filled with light' fd. 66. X I teri: tilindi: 'the hide split lengthways
tulug 'thc temples' (anatomical); hence 'the (inyoqqn trila(n)) like straps' (al-qidd) Kay. I1
149 (tilintir, ti1inmc:k): Gag. xv ff. tilin-
hair on the temp!es', and later more generally yarlta yarjza buridn p d a n 'to be cut in slices'
'a lock of hair'. Survives meaning 'a lock of Sun. 199r. 4.
hair', sometirnes specifically over the temples,
in NE, most dialects, tulug; NC I<lr., Kzx. T r i s . V. DLN-
t u l u m SC Uzb. tolim/tulim; NW Kaz.
t o l ~ m ; I<k., Nog. t u l r m ; SW xx Anat. D tu1ugla:- Den. V. fr. t u l u g ; properly 'to
dr~lum/dulun/tulun/tulupSDU 472, 1396. strike on the temples'. Xak. xr 01 k u l ~ n
IJyR. V I I I ff, Civ. tulu:gr s a n q a r 'he has a tu1ugla:dl: raakaaohu '016 lahyahi rcn toht
splitting headache' T T VlII 1.4: Xak. XI ~tdrrihi'he struck (his slave) on the chin and
tulug nl-yrm@ 'the temples': t u l u ~'a small belolv the ear' Kas. III 409 (tulugls:r, tulug-
component (hmm) in a horse's bridle, its 1a:ma:k).
position is helow the hrlrsc's ear, and the D tilagur- pec. to Uyg. and noted only in the
temple and head straps are passed through Infin. mhich seems to mean 'eloquence';
it'; hence one says yiigiin tulugl: tnlzi'atrc'l- morphologically obscure, hut ultimately der. f.
-1icn'nr 'bridle fittings' Kaf. I11 371; t u l u n ti]. Uyg. vrrr ff. Bud. tr1a:gurma:k T T VIII
'the temples' in one of the two dialects G.II ; U I 17, 9 ; Hiien-ls. 1986; USp. 59, 18;
(lrr~ntaj~r~); and the small component of a Suv. 506, 13.
bridle which is on the temples to the right and
left is called tulun I 4 0 1 : Xwar. xlv tulul) Dis. DLR
'hair on the forehead' Qtctb 185: Kom. xrv VU?I) tiler ITap. leg.; the name of some kind
'a lock of hair' t u l u m CCG; Gr.: Klp. xrrr of insect; Mullcr suggests 'the praying mantis',
a!-&jrn 'a lock of hair' t u l u m Ilnrr. 19, no doubt regarding it as the Aor. of tile:- used
20; (VU) a/-fard run htczan'l-ftmd,# t u l u n (sic?, a5 a Noun. U y a . vlrr ff. Bud. ('dogs, tortoises,
vocalized mltn) do. 22, I : xrv tul119 ('with -9') snakes, violent evil animals with fangs and
01-sridg id. 4 6 : xv gndt (tanlay M o n ~I.+.;
. in talons, birds, fliec) tller, (ants, beetles, etc.')
marpin) (ulun Ttrh. aza. 3: O s m . X I V ff. U I1 35, 20-24.
dulug, less often tului), 'temples' in several
texts T T S 1227; 11323; I11 zrr ; I V 244. T r i s . DLR
1.: tilgeg See te1ge:k. VU(D) tolursuk the second vowel has been
read as a fat!ta but looks more like a dnmma;
Dis. V. DLN- survives in NC Klr. tolarsak R 111 1193, in
1) telin- (d-) Refl. f. of tel-; survives in SW
Yud. tolorsuk 'a small bone which links the
Osm. delin- 'to be perforated, worn through'. knuckle bone to the shinbone in the leg of a
T i i r k u vrrr iize: tegri: b a s m a s a r asra: y 8 r quadruped'; there is a related Kzx. word
t e l l n m e s e r 'if the sky does not press down tilersek translated 'shin bone' in R JII 1383
from above, or the earth be pierced beneath' and 'Achilles' tendon' in Illnil 361. Rlorpho-
(who can harm the Tiirku people?) I E 22, I1 logically obscure, but hardly a baslc word.
Xak. XI t o l u r s u k 'the heel' (al-'aqib), usually
E 18: Uyg. V I I I ff. Bud. U 11137. 3 ( ~ y u l - ) : used
Civ. sii silleser y6r teliniir 'if he goes on an for the heel of a quadruped ('nqibu'l-
expedition the earth is pierced' (i.e. collapses -dhbba) Kaj. 1502.
before or beneath him) T T I 32; (a remedy) Dis. DLS
telinmez k a r t k a 'for an ulcer that does not
discharge' N I 4 2 (tenilip in do. 43 is an error V U ? F t a l a s n.0.a.b. ; ?a 1.-w. ; Kay. also men-
For telinip): Xak. XI ta:m telindi: 'the wall tions the word a3 a place-name. Xak. XI talas
was pierced' (in!aqoba) Kay. II 147 (telinil:r, (lZm unvocalized) 01-maqbah (error for al-
te1inme:k): xr~r(?)Tef. telin- to be per- -miqbar) that is 'the cord mhich is stretched at
forated, pierced' (of a ship, and pearls) 297: the winning post (a[-gap) for horse races and
(competitions at) strik~ngwith a polo-stick' n~rdicval nnnle of thc Sung-kan Itivt-r in
A-nj I 366; t a s n l 'the Iinurldary (01-mod5 C h ~ h - l i(NI? China) iIr,\\n \\Iitch thr 'I'iirkii
rcn'l-lrndd) which ig set u p for (competitions ad\-anced in their raids towards thc sea in late
in) striking with a polo-stick'; it is a meta- VII. A s they had ncvcr hefore apprr~achrdthe
thesis (qolh) of t a l a : s (sic) (a similar meta- sea they may well havc thutrptlt that it w a s the
thrsis in Ar. is quoted) I 392. (;rcat L,ui River. An early I.-\\-.in Rlona. na
dolay (Iloetrisrh 31) perhaps I~r~rro\retl direct
\!ti t u l a s n.0.a.b. X a k . X I nl-rcnchrr'l-sahim fr. Chinese. 'I'he word in 02. helow and Nl:,
'a pale (or emaciated) face' is callcd t u l a s must dialects, t a l a y R I11 878 and 'I'uv. tlalay
yu:z Kof. 1 3 6 6 : K R t u m e n y t l d a berii t u l are re-borromings fr. Mong. l'iirku V I I I (I
e r d i m t u l a s 'for countless years I have been campaigned u p to the Shantung plain and)
a pale widow' 84: Krp. xrrr 01-ttoqir 'humble. ta1u:ykn: kiqig t e g m e d i r n 'just failed to reach
despized' (opposite to colil 'illrlstrious') the sea' I S 3 ; a.o. T 18: v ~ r rff. ( I arn a golden
tula:z hot^. 26, 17. eaglc . . .) ta1u:yda: y a t l p a n 'lying hy the sea'
I r k B 3: Uyg. V I I I ff. h1an.-A. o i t a l u y 'that
Dis. V. DL$- sea' (or lake?) M III l o , 14 (i): Man. e m g e -
I> tala$- ( ? d - ) Itccip. f. of tala:- ; s.i.a.ni.l.p., k l i g t a l u y d ~ nke$urtiir~iia'!-OII have tirought
i r i S W Az., O s n ~ .'I'km.
, d a l a g - , with the same us arrciw a sea c~fsufierinp' '1'T I11 51 ; t a l u y
shades of meaning as tala:-. See Doerfer I1 iigiizdeki b a l ~ k l a r'the fishes in the sea' do.
923-4. U y g . vlrr ff. Civ. (in a contract for the 90; a.0. do. 163: Bud. u l u g talrry Bgiiz 6l(l)igi
cession of land; my elder and younger bro- (the Hodhisattva) 'prent ruler of the sea' U I
thers, children and rclativcs whoever they may 18, I ; 0.n. Strcs. 354, 7 (Btlgslz); Krrott. 177
be) t a l a ~ m a z u n l a r'are not to dispute (this ( a n d t k - ) ; U 11 55, 3 (ii); in PP t n l u y and
cession)' USp. 15, 11-12; bBg y e k t a l a ~ u r a l u y ligiiz, both meaning 'sca', are common:
t
'live demons fipht one another' T T I 29; n.o. ( X w a r . slrr(?) m u n d a i t i l m i l r e n clegen
fi. 74 ($a$ut): q a g . xv ff. tala$- kcgij kardolr b i r clalay b a r 4 r d i 'here there was a large
hody of water called "the river (Molig. 1:w.)
to n u k e war, quarrel' .Yon. 1 5 9 r 2 (cluotns.):
X w a r , xrv tala$- 'to dispute, ohject, qusrrcl' Vnlga" ' O,@. 1.57; dak! claluy (sic?) d a k l
Qrrth 169: K o m . s t v 'to quarrel' tala$- m i i r e n 'Inkcs and rivcrs' c/o. l o r ) .
CCG; Gr.: KIP. s t i t sZsorrm 'to quarrcl'
talav- (Imperat. in ernir -gil) Ilotr. 40, I : s v M o n . DM
(whoever speaks) a n t n bile t a l a q k a y m e n
ndGvib ma'nhu '1 shall come to blows with him' 1 ta:rn (?d-) originally 'a wall' (hy implica-
Kfrv. 27, 1 0 ; xasonro (savaq- and) t a l a $ Tt(i1. t i ~ ) nIxrilt of mud o r mud hricks); s.i.a.m.1.p.
rga. 3: O s m . sv-xvr d a l a g - (once talag-) \v. a wide rnnpe of extended mcaninps includ-
'to quarrel'; in two o r three texts TTS I 173; ing 'a huilding with earth walls; a hrick-huilt
11254; 11'731. structure; a pravc mound'; S W Az., Osm.
d a m 'roof'; Tkni. t a : m 'a hrick-liuilt struc-
1) teliv- ( d - ) Hap. leg.; C:n-np. f. of tel-. X a k . ture'. T t i r k u v r ~ r(I havc mrittrn this inscrip-
X I ola:r ikki: t a : m t e l i ~ d l :'they two com- tion) bu: tavka: bu: ta:mkn: (sir.) 'on thin
prtcd in lircaking thrnrtvh ( fi!nrlh) a \\.all' (etc.); stone and thesc I\-rills' I SR: 1 1 ~ 2vlrt . ff. Clir.
nlso used for helpinp Iirz;. I1 108 (teli$U:r, I.1 1 7, 16-17 (I>(.qiik): Ilud. tarn t o k r y u
teli$me:k). 'pounding into shape the (earth) ~vnlls' (in
hl~ilrfinea hor~se) '1'7' 1'1 82: Civ. (if a ninn
1) tile$- (d-) Co-op. f. of tile:-; survives in falls f r o n ~his iiorsr o r is flogged or) t a t n d t n
SE l'iirki tile$- (Slrni~,only); 'I'km. tlileg- 'to t i i q u p 'falls off a \vall' I 1 I 181 ; t e g i r m i t a m
; ~ s kof one another'. X a k . sr 01 m e n i g birle: iqinte c s r u k bolt19 'you have h e c n n ~ edrunk
ne:g tilevdi: 'he competed with me in search- nithin a walled enclrisurc' T T I 57: X n k . X I
in^ for the thing'(ji ijtiqddi'l-,my' rc'o trtrgdZnihi) t a : m ol-cidGr '!\-all' KO?.111 157; 1 1.53
KO?. I1 108 (tile:$u:r (sic), tilegme:k): Gag. (iikekllg), 307 (iike1tle:-), and nearly 40 o.o.
xv ff. Son. ~ g g r 5. (tile:-). transletetl 01-cidGr, of-lrri'i! 'wall' o r 01-stir
'town wall': ~ I I I ( ?~) < f . ' d a m'~vall.Iiuilding'
1) tiliv- (d-) Hap. lea. ?; Co-0p.f. of til-. X a k . I 16; t a m ditto 283: s r v Mrrh. nl-1117'it ta:m,
xr o l m a g a : yar1nda:k t i l i ~ d ~'he : helped
Rif. 179 (Mel. 75, 13 trwa:'); 01-so!!? 'a roof -
me to cut a strap'( iiqoddi'l-qrdd); also used for d a : m 76, 6 ; ta:m 179: Gag. s v ff. t a m [aln
competing Kop. I f 108 (tili$u:r, ti1igme:k).
. . . soqf nm'nZsirro 'roof' VeI. 175 (quotn.);
t a m dim%-i sornv 'palace wall' Son. 161 v. 4:
Dis. DLY X w a r . xrrr(?) b u tiynlg d a ' a m r 'the wall of
F tn1u:y ( ? d - ) originally specifically 'the sca', this house' 02. 249 (Alongoloid spelling re-
later used for a n s large body of water. A presenting a long vo\vcl): xrv t a m 'wnll'
Chinese I.-w. In 'Nach\vorte zur lnschrift \-on Qrrrh rhr): K n m . s l v 'roof' t a m C C I ; Gr.:
Tonjukuk' (in Radloff, Die nlttiirkischen Kip. a111 01-sntlr ta:m iisti: Horr. 6, 4: xrv
InschriJten van Mongolei, zweite Folge, St- t a m ( t - ) sic ditto. fd. 66; ditto ta:m BIII. 16,
PCtershourg, 1899) p. 18, Hirth made the 10: xv srr!tiIl (nlso a/-qd'ir ?meaning, perhaps
plausible suggestion that it represented the error for nl-qfi'icin 'foundation') t a m Tfrlt.
Chinese phr. tn 'great' (Giles 10,470) and lei 19h. I r : O s m . s r v ff. d a m (and? t a m ) 'huild-
(Giles 6,843 w. the 'water radical' attached). ing, cowshed, prison', and the like in several
This lei (Middle Chinese l ~ u i.e. i ?Itti) was a texts TTS I 1 7 4 ; 11254; I11 165; I V 188.
 DJS. V., D M C -
V U 2 t a m Hap. I ~ K .there; is no widely cur- Alan. 1'T I11 14 (to:-): Uud. t a r n u is fairly
rent 'I'urkish word for 'bolt, door-har'. X a k . common, e.p. t a m u l l y ~ l k ~‘(rebirth
ll in) hell
X I t a m lizdzrr'l-hrih 'the bolt or bar o f a door'; or as an animal' U I1 33, 7 ; (you have suffered
hence nne says k a p u g tamlattl: 'he fastened grievous pains) t a m u d a k ~r e g 'I~kethose in
(joddn) the dnor with a bar' Kay. 1337. hell' U I11 46, 1 8 etc.: X a k . X I tarnu: a name
for 'hell' (cahnnnunr) KO$.I11 234: I<Ijt a m u -
VLJ?1; t l : m IIap. leg.; there is perhaps some drn y l r a r 'it is far from hell' 292; s o l u g d l n
misapprehension here; the word is proh. a I.-w. t a m u o r n l u q t r n a x o g 01 'hell is on your left
from Chinese tirn 'shop, inn' (Giles 11,173; and paradise on the right' 917; i k i e v y a r a t t l
Pullqdlotrk, Middle Chinese trm) y h / c h b u xaiqka k a m u g biri at1 u q m a k biriniv
would rrplain why it was used for wtne t a r n u g (sic) 'he created two dwelling places
nierchant('s shop)'. X a k . X I ti:rn a/-ziqq~c'l- for all these people, the name of one is para-
-rnarnlri' xarnr 'a skin filled with wine'; ti:rnqf: dise and of the other hell' 3654: xrrr(?) Tef.
01-.uommdr 'a wine merchant'; some people t a r n u g 'hell' 284: xrv Mtrh.(?) cahannum ta-
call 'a wine merchant' (tdciru'l-xanlr) ti:m, m u g Rif. 138 (only): Gag. xv ff. t a m u p /
hut the former is more correct, because -qi: is tarnulc tarnti cahanntrm ma'miszna VrI. 175;
the suftix for persons carrying on professions t a m u g l t a m u k d~iznx 'hell' Son. 1 6 1 ~ .19
(01-nttrlrtnrifin) Kay. 111136. (quotn.): X w a r . xrrr t a r n u g 'Ali 52: xrv
ditto Qrrtb 169: K o m . xrv 'hell' tarnu/
1 t u m ( I d - ) Hap. leg. X a k . XI turn 01-bard t a r n u k / t a m u x C C , CCG; Gr.: (ffip.) xrrr
f i nsli'l-lrd2n 'cold' as the basic word ; hut they
coi~anr~ttrrtT k m . 1a:rnu: Hou. 8, 21: xrv
use t u m l l g for 'cold' and 'a cold (01-bdrid) t a r n u : ditto Id. 66: xv ditto Tuh. 11s. 8 :
thing' I < q . I 3 3 8 O s m . xrv ff. ditto; c.i.a.p. T T S I 6 7 1 ;11873;
V U 2 t u m pec. to XaL. X a k . xr t u m 'uni- 111663 ; I V 733.
form' (01-bnlrirn) of a colour when s p r a k i n ~of ?E 2 t a m u : at the end of a verse in Ka$. I
horse's coats [Ji yi~~~?li'l-.~oyl); hence one says 420, j is pmb. a scribal error for gamu:.
t u m knra: at 'a uniformly hlack horse'. nnd
t u m t o n g a t 'a unifnrmly dark hav (Kronn)~!) ?D torna: IIap. leg.; morphologically Pass.
horse' hk?.I 3 3 8 : K B (do not look for a htg Ilev. N./I\. fr. to:-, but with no very clear
army) e r u d r u r n tile h a m t u l u m t u r n bile semantic connection. X a k . xr torna: b u x s u n
'Ir~okfor picked mcn with standard equipment' 'that which rises to the top (ma jata?d'ud
2339. 'old'l-m's) of a jar of millet beer' Kay. I I I 234.
Mon. V. DM- Dis. V. DMA-
t a r n - (d-) 'to drip'; s.i.m.m.l., in SW Az., time:- n.o.a.h.; noted only in the Hend. f t -
Osni., Tktli. d a m - ; in some n~oclernlanguages time:-, which seems to mean 'to prepare'.
the dcr. f. t a m q l l a - is used as well as, or See t i m e g , t i m e n - . Uyg. vrtl ff. Bud. [gap]
instead of, t a m - . X a k . xr su:v tnmdl: Btdi t i m e d i 'he prepared' (ace. to the Chinese
'the water (etc.) dripped (qa~arn)KO$. 11 26 text his 'hooks and pictures' (for the home-
( t a m a : ~ , t a m r n a : k ) ; fivc 0.0.: KI3 siizi ward journey)) Riien-fs. 84; o d a u r a k dtingey
y u r n g a k ertll 1111 tti7, t a m a r 'his speech was t l m e g e y m e n 'I shall make thorough prepara-
pentlc, and his tongur drippcd equably' 464; tions' (and collect an enormous army with
q a l a m d n k a r a t a m s a a l t u n k e l i r 'if black elephants) do. 3 18-19.
(ink) drips from the pen, p111d cntncs' 2715:
x r r ~ ( ? 'lif.
) t a m - 'to drip' 283 : X I V Mtrh. qntara Dis. LIMB
d a m - hfrl. 30. 7 ; t a m - Rif. r 14 (adding
pen nnqap 'to drip'): G a b xv ff. t a m - 'to
I'UF t e r n b i n l t e n p i n a lirluirl measure for
drip' (gnkirion); in Rtirrti t a r n l a - Son. 161t. I I wine, pec. to Uyg. Civ. and clearly a Chinese
(quotns.): X w a r . xtrt t a m - (of blood, etc.) 'to I.-w.; it must have been a fairly small quantity
drip' ' A f i 35, 48: xrv ditto h l N 7 2 , ctc.: K o m . since in USp. 4, 1-2 o t u z t e m b i n b i r k a b
xrv ditto C C G ; Gr.: Ktp. xrv t a m - qa!ora b o r 'a skin of wine containing 30 tembins' and
fd. 66: xv dnrof~ (sic, ?read darina 'to be in Alolov DUD I , 6 o t u z t e r n b i n b i r k a b
dirty') rca nugola t a m - Tith. r6a. 6: O s m . XIV siIqiig, same meaning, are mentioned. T h e
ff., d a m - (sotnetimes spelt t a m - ) 'to drip'; word is discussed at length, in Japanese, by
c.1.a.p. TTS I 174; I I z g q ; I f 1 165; IV 187. N. Yamada in Afemoirs of the Faculfj~oJLeffrrr,
Osaka Unit~ersit~r, X I , March 1965, pp. 92-3.
Dis. D M A
Dis. D M C
F 1 t a m u : 'hell'; 1.-IV. fr. Sogdian tmrc; in the
medieval ~ e r i o dthe form t a m u g , possibly V U D F ti:rnqi: N.Ag. fr. t k m ; 'wine mer-
borrowed fr. some other Iranian language, chant'; n.0.a.h. X a k . xr Kay. 111136 (ti:m):
appeared. One of the few pagan reltgious KR y a g ~01 b u b o r t i m q i 'the wine merchant
terms which was taken over by Islam. is an enemy (of mankind)' 2098.
S.i.s.m.1. in both forms; see Doerfer I1 936. - D i s . V. D M C -
T t i r k i i vrrI ff. (the road which leads) t a m u
k a p g ~ q n'to the door of hell' Chuas. 126; D t a m q u r - ( ? t a m q r r - ) der, f. of tarn-
t n t n u y d r i n 'the country of hell' do. 161: n.0.a.b.; the Suff. -qur-/qiir-, etc. is ex-
Uyg. VIII ff. Man.-A M I 13, 15 (1 a@-): tremely rare; in t a p q u r - and kikgur- it is a
Sec. f. o f -gur-1-gur-, \\hich is prinia facie a ;lie torch of thc st~prrniclygond dc,ctrine' U f
Calls. f. of -9-, hut tlierc is l i t ) parallel -$- 22, 3-4; 0.0. 111 32, 1 9 ff. ( s i i k s u k ) and 23:
fnrrii of thiz !.erh nricl tlic question whether TY' I ' l l 40, 08, ;111cl I 12; Ilii~rr-1.v. 1908-9
there is one of kiilqir- is an open one. 'I'his ( l q l n ) ; I I S p . roza. 35 (yula:): X a k . X I 01 o:t
may, of course, he f o r t i ~ ~ t o uKoj.'s
s, statement tamclurtll: ( M S . i l l error fortrtiirh) 'he
that it formed Inrhnntive Yrrhc is prinla facie kindlctl (nrcqrrtlrr) thr firc'; also uscd fnr 'lo
cr~~ivincing,\ \ h a t r ~ r r its nrigi~i nirirpholo- Ilght' (a I:lriip, nsrtrc-o) K n f . 11 170 ( t n m c l u r u r ,
C~cally. S a k . X I y a g m u r t a m q l ~ r d l :tarof- t a m t l u r m a : k ) : K I I fas5cl t a m d t ~ r u r 01
lolo (XIS. in error ftrryorn) 'I-mopr rco u d ~ n m l ao t u g 'wickedness ~iial,csthat dying
rii'n'l-mil 'the rain dri?zled and there was a firc blaxc up' 4412.
slight s h n ~ r c r ' (and the like) Koj. I1 I 75
( t a m q u r a : r (AIS. tnniyirol:r), t a m q u r m a : k ) ; I) t a m t u r - (d-) Caus. f. of t o m - ; s u r v i ~ e sin
(in n note on the four kinds of vrrhs containing $51 'I'iirki t a m c l u r - ; SW 'l'km. c l a m d ~ r - .
fnlrr consonants) the third kind consists nf X a k . 51 o l a n l o agzlgr\: 6U:V tam turd^: 'he
Itltrans. Yerhs menni~ig'almost to d o some- ordered that water shortld he dripped (hi-
thing, and g e n ~ ~ i n e lintend
y to d o it but to fnqntfrrr) into his mouth' Kng. I1 175 ( t a m -
approach the action gr:iduallv and by degrees', t u r u r . t n m t u r m a : k ; 'this is a \vralc (4ntiJo)
for esaniplc su:v t a m q u r r l l : (RlS. t a r n ~ r d r ) \vord').
'the water drizzled ( t n r a f ~ n j ofrom
) the clouds
and oozed out (soriho) a little' I1200, 26 ff. (and 'I'ris. D M D
see t a v g u r - ) : (Gag. s v ff. t a r n a l - 'to drink I ' U ? F ta1na:ta: Hap. leg.; the first letter is
\vine qln~vly frrim the glass, not hurrying rlndnttccl hut tiiust hc citlirr b- or t - , "oh. thc
h r ~ trnjo!.ing the Rarnur' I'rl. I 75 (quntn.); latter since b- I>cforr -111- I S vcry unrrsual in
t a m $ t - (spelt) same translation Sun. 161r. 10 S a k . ; Brockclrnann's and Atalay's sugpestir~n
(q~intn.);no doubt a aur\i\-al of this Verb). of y - is excluded hy its position in K o f . ; a
very I I I ~ L I S I I ~form,
~ proh. a 1.-\r. X a k . X I
Dis. D h l D t a m a : t a : 'a piccc of thin clouph ('nrirr) of the
11 t a m d u : / t a m d u k Ilap. leg.. hilt see t a m - kind r ~ s r dfnr pastry wrapped rriund n fat h w l ,
d u k s u z ; presrimahlv 1)rv. N.s fr. t a n u d - . or n picct. nf meat sn that its juices (~~~nrfokrrli17)
X a k . X I t a m d u : 01-d~trorii'a ficrcc fire, blaze'; arc not spilt \vlirn it i s conked' K n j . 1 4 4 5 .
also called t a m c l u k K n f . I 418. I ) t a m ( l u k s u z Hap. leg.; I'riv. N./A. fr.
tilmcluk; - t - in thcsc texts often represents
1 3 s . V. 1lhiI)- - d - . Clyfi. V I I I ff. Ilud. Sanskrit tiir~rprii!finn
I ' t ~ ? l ) F t a m t d - 'to Illazc up'. Surrivcs as i ~ *iiklri
n 'likr a f re n.ithr)i~tkindling' t a : m t u k -
t a m l z - , same meaning, in N E I<oih., Sop.: su:z (sic) n d ya:ll:nl te:g 'I'T V I I I A.29.
N C I<lr., Kzx.; N\V Kaz., Kk., h'op. Prob.
a Ilen. 1 . fr. the Chinese wnrd yen flame,
' D ~ S DRIC
.
blaze', etc. (Gilrs 13,069 o r 1 3 ,I 5 1-2 which were
din111in Karlgren's Archaic (but not Ancient) SI: t : ~ n ~ u Scc
g ianlu:.
Cliiiiese) in which case the hol-rowinp must g o S t a n i n k Scr t n m g n : k
llnck to n \-cry t.arly period; rf. hiti:-. l r y e .
I Rud. k n l t ~k u r o g ritug t ~ l t a j i l n r l ao t
~ I I ff. 1 talllga: 311 0 1 ~ 1 n o r d c~icling in -ga:;
t a m ~ d u re d i z k i i y e r i i r t c n u r 'just as fire. not s~niantieallycrinnrctrd with 2 t a r n g a : ;
I,!- reason of (the prr-e~ice of) dry kindl~tip n~iqinally a 'hl-and' o r mark o f o\rnership
tlnn~rsan<l lrllrns l i i ~ l ii11icl Idarcs' U 11 S , l>lilcedo n Iiomrs, rattlt., aritl other livrctock; it
zh ff I ~ r r n t ~ ai ct a vcry early cliite s o ~ l i e t l l i nlike
~ a
I-uropcan co:lt of arnis of- crest, and as such
I) t a n i l t - ( d - ) onr of scvcral Caus. f. of t a r n - ; appears at the head of several 'I'iirkd and many
surrives in S E l'iirki, Shn7c 65, Jrrrring 293. 0. Klr. funerary monuments, see L. 1'.
Cf. 2 t a m t u r - , t a m ~ z - . X a k . X I 01 su:vnr: Kyzlaso\,, 'Nnvaya clatirovka yeniseiskoi
t a m l t t l : qn~!nm'l-tnri' 'he dropped the \vatcr pis'niennosti' (.S'oorfslinyn arkheologiyn, 1960.
(ctc.) in small drops' Knj. I I 31 I ( t a m ~ t u : r , 111) and '0 datirnvke pamyatnikov yeniseis-
tan11trna:k).
koi pis'niennosti' (do. 1965, 111). I t was t h e
I'CID t a m p u l - I lap. leg. ; tiiorphnlogically word used for a Chinese 'scal' and passed into
I'nss. f. of t a r n ~ d - \r.l~ich
, is irrcpular as that is Rlonfi. in this nienniiig as totrtofn (KCPC.1643).
a n Intraria. V. U y e . V I I I tf. Ilud. k a l t l b a g d a S.i.a.tn.1.p. \v. Rome phonetic variations; in
tatndulrnlg tontia t u t u n m q kiiyer o t u g S\V Az., Osiii. d a r n g a ; 'I km. t a g m a ; a 1.-n..
iiqurgcli t a v r a n u r q n ' j r ~ r tns (people) caught in l'e. arid o ~ h e frireicn
r languages, see Doerfw
in garments which are o n firc from head (to I 1 933, where the \rnrd is discussed at &eat
fnvt) hurry t o p u t o u t the burning fire' Stir,. length, l'iirkii V I I I ff. Rlan. t a m g a is used
r j l . 8-10. for the mystical 'seals' of the Manichaeans
Chrrns. 177 (see note thereon), 181, etc. : U y g .
1) t n m d u r - Caus. f. of t a r n ~ d - the ; macition \ r ~ ff.
r ~ h'lan. iiq t a r n k a I a r l & (sic) b t i t i i r d i
of the word in f i j . indicates that the t h j r J c o n - 'they cnrricd out the(ohligntions created by the)
sonnnt was - d - ( ? for - d - ) in Xnk. N.n.a.h three seals' TT 111 144: Bud. in Buddhist
U y g . V I I I ff. Dud. t a m d u r d u r n men k a - terminology Sanskrit trrridr: 'a mystical ges-
m a g d a y=&g n o m l u g y u l a g 'I h a ~ ekindled t a e or pose' translated in Chinese by a word
 which normally tneans 'seal' is translated Tef. t a m a g i r n 'nay throat' 283: xlv Xitlh.(;)
t a m k a , e . ~ etiiz
. kiizedgii t a r n g a tutrnig nl-lohril 'the uvula' ta:ma:k(rnis-spelt yn:mn:h;
k e r Q e k 'onc must assume the pose (mudrfi) for and al-/mlq bogaz) Rif. 140 (only): X w a r .
protecting the hody' T T V 8, 53; a.o.n. in TT x ~ vt a m a k 'throat' Qtrth 169: Korn. xrv ditto
1': Civ. 7'7' I rzi) (3 a l l ; in USp, t a r n g a is C C I , CCG; Gr.: KIP. xlrl sgqfrr'l-hlq 'thc
w r y coninion for 'the personal seal' impressed roof of the throat' t a m a : k (and 01-hulqrim
on commercial documents: X a k . X I tarnga: boga:z) Hou. 20, 5 : X I V { a m a k ditto fd, 66:
'the seal' (lrihi') of a king or other individual xv zardama 'throat' t a m a w ; T k r n . t a m a g
Koy. 1 4 2 4 : K N kkdin bold! t a m g a k a m u g Tuh. 1 7 b 10.
s a v ~ ~ 'thereafter
ka he (Mul~arnmad)became
the seal (AT. technical term a/-xdtim) of all
the prophets' 45; (the king) w a z i r l ~ kauar D t a m g i r - (d-) Iiap. leg.; Inchoative f. of
b k r d i t a m e a a y a g 'gave him the post of t a r n - ; cf. tarnqur-. Xak. X I su:v tarn-
Vizier, a seal and a title' 1036: xrv Afith. al- g ~ r d i :'the water was on the point of dripping
-'al&rnn 'a nlarli' tarnga: Mel. 51, 2 ; Rif. (hddn . . . an ynq/rrl.) from the ice' Kaj. II 17y
146; al-xatnr ('seal') wa'l-lrad3m . . . 'seal and ( t a m g i r a : r , tamg1rma:k).
(?meaning'; Rif. driz 'brand') tam&?: 85, I ;
I 19: q a g . xvff. t a m g a ' a sign or mark'('alri~na Tris. D M C
roa rtigdn); and the inlplement with which they D turna:gr~:( ? d - ) Dev. N. fr. *tuma:- Den.
seal or mark (mrrhr run irijrin htrnnnd) something, V. fr. 1 t u m ; 'acoldin the head'. S.i.a.m.l.g.;
or hrand (d@ nrtm@tnnd) livestock; and a the first vowel is consistently -u- or an
Krant (fatmh) of tithes or government taxes'; equivalent; in SW Az. t u m o v ; Tkm. d i l m e v :
and also a seal nr sign on the d e c r c e ~of Turkish in Osrn. Somi 910 spells it t o m a g 1 but says
rulers, those written in liquid gold being ca!led that it was obsolete, Red. has the same
a l t u n t a m g a , those in red ink a1 t a m g a and spelling, the xx Anat. forms are d u m a ,
those in hlack ink k a r a t a m & Son. 161 v. 13 d u m a a , d u m a g a , d u m a g t S D D 473-4 (all
(this rcfers primarily to the chancery practices very common) and d o m a g a , d o r n a g ~do. 456
of the Mongnl rulers of Persia): X w a r . XIIT(?) (hoth Hap. leg.). U y g . vrrr ff. Civ. t u m a g u
(I I l a ~ tbecornc
. your .xnkarr . . .) t a r n g a b i e k e b o l u p kCtmeser 'if a man has a cold which
b n l z u n b u y a n 'let virtue be our disting~tishing usill not go away' I f I 144; a.0. H 11 35, 27:
mark' 0g. 98-9: Korn. X I V 'seal' t a r n x a Xak. X I tuma:gu: nl-zr4kGnt 'a cold in the
C C G ; G r . : Kip. xv xntnt t a m g a Tuk. 14b. head' Kng. 1 4 4 7 : xlv il4uh. ztrkdm du:ma:gu:
8 ; kayy 'brand' t n m g a do. 31a. I . nfel. 65. I ; tu:nla:gu: Rif. 164: Klp. xv
D 2 tarnga: Hap. leg.; Ilev. N. fr. t a m - . nxgam 'having a cold in the head' t u m a w (in
X a k . X I t a m g a : 'any afHucnt (sri'id) of seas, margin in SW(?) hand m m a g ) Tub. 4a. 7;
pools, rivers, atld the like'; and 'a narrow arm of zrrhrinr t u m a w (MS. in error famaw); ditto
the sea'(frrrdatir'1-bn!ir) is called t a m g a : Knr. t u m a g do. 18a. I : O s r n . xrv-XVIIId u m a g u t
I 424 (verse). t u m a g u , occasionally d u m a g i / t u m a ~ r com-
;
mon down to xvllr, esp. in dicts., TTS I1324;
1) t a m g a : k (d-) IJcv. N. (connotirip habitual 111 212; I V 24s.
action) fr. t a m - ; lit. 'cnnstantly dripping', hut
in practice 'the ~liroat', or perhaps nlore I) tarnga:qI: N.Ag. fr. 1 t a m k a : the official
precisely 'the soft palate'. I'ractically sytl. tv. title of an officer rvhose duties related to the
b o g u z . S.i.in.1n.1.g. sn~nctimeswith extended tarnka:; as the meaning nf the latter term
meanings like 'the ninrlth of a river' (cf. varied it is impossible to translate the word
2 trrmga:) and 'fnotl'; ill S W Az. (meaning ~vithcnnfidcnce in most contexts. A I.-w. in
'palate'), Osm., l'km. d a r n a k . U y R vlrl ff. I'e. ant1 M o n ~see . UoerJcr I1 934. TOrkii V I I I
Man. T T II 16, 16 (opra:-); ill II 11, 20 the two represcr~tativesof 'my son the Tiirgeg
.
(tiitiin): J3ud. t r l t m t a m g a k l m . . k u r i y u Xagan of the O n Ok (Western Turku)' at Kuf
Tigin's funcral were M a x a r a ~ (Sanskrit
'my tongue and throat being dry' U I11 37,
29-30; (placing the ring finger in turn) a l r n k a Mnhdrrijd) t a m g a p : and O g u z bilge:
t a m g a k k a y u r e k k e 'on the forehead, the tarngaqi: I N 13: U y g . ~ I I ff. I Civ. a tarn-
throat, and the heart' Miilier, Zarrherritual g a q l is mentioned in USp. 64, 2 an obscure
(SPAW. rgz8), 22, 5: Civ. ti1 tiipi b o g z ~ late document relating to t a m g a k u m i i g
6pke:si ta:mga:kr 'the root of the tongue, 'money d u e for taxes' (not, as Radloff sup-
the throat, lungs, and throat (or palate?)' T T posed, 'mintcd money'), and seems to mean
V I I I I.I (the difference of nlcaning between it some kind of 'tax collector': X a k . X I K B k 6 n i
and b o g u z here is obscure); b o g u z t a m a k e r s e k11k1 b o l u r t a r n g a r 1 'if his character is
(sic) If I 1 2 (agr1:-): X a k . XI t a m g a : k al- u p r i ~ h the becomes a tamgatr' 4046: Gag.
-1ralq zca'l-hattcara 'throat (or palate) and throat FV ff. t a m g a c i '&nil roa muh&$ir-ifi'l-i tamga
(or gullet)' Kay. I 469; (if a man talks too an official, the supervisor of the business of
much) t a m g a k kata:r 'his jaw (al-hannh) the ta@a' (which seems fr. the cluotn. to be
stiffens through dryness of the mouth' 1 4 6 7 , taxation) Son. 161 1,. 15.
9 ; the T u r k s call a/-hlrlqrim 'the throat or D tamga:lrg P.N./A. fr. 1 t a m g a : ; s.i.s.m.1.
gullet' t a m g a k and the 0 k u z etc. t a m a k I TUrkii VIII ff. tanuk1u:g s a v tamga:lr:g
33, 1 7 : ?(III(?)At. 'asal t a t r u p ilkin t a m a k b i t k g 6ql:dmi:gte: korii: k6rmi:g y 8 g 'a
(sic) t a t i t l p 'first he gives you honey to taste, statement before witnesses, a sealed document;
and.makes a pleasant taste in your throat' 207; seeing is better than hearing' Tun. IIIa. 2-4
 T R I S . IITVIC;
( E T Y I1 94): Yrn t a r n k a l l g (sic) yllkl: watrr' Ii'i~tri. 41, 48; a.o. dn. 39 ( e r g i i r - ) :
bugsl:z c r t t : his hranrird livestock were Hnd. t u m l u Q yiizlliQ 'cnld faced' (i.e. hostile,
r~nlimitcd' .lfnl. 2 6 , 6 : X a k , X I t a m g a : l r e uns)n~pathcti<:)( I 111 17, 17; 86, 3 ; TM Z V
Knr. I ~ z (7t a r n g a : l ~ k )~: I I I ( ?Tpf, ) tamRallR 2 ; ~ .18; 7'7' ,Y 35 J (with an unacccptnt)le suq-
'sealed' (hook) 2 x 3 . ~ c s t e drtaniolc~z\.);8.n. Ifiien-1s. 106-7 (64):
X a k . sr t u r n ~ i d01-hnrd wn'l-hdrid 'cold' ( N .
1) t a r n g a : l l k A.N. (Cnnc. N.)fr. I t a m @ : ; and 12dj.);(lerse); the orifiin of t u m l t ~ g(sic)
pcc. to Knj. X a k . X I t a r n g a l t k 'a small elver' is t u r n : and one says iiliig yiizi: t u r n l u g 'the
(a/-ihriq): t a m g a l r k 'n small table (01-ni<>,idn) J r a d mnn's face i- cold'; that is hir relativrs
which a man keeps for his o\vn use' shun h ~ i nafter hts iirnth KO?.I 463; 1 338
(ynsrrss hrh;); its origin is tarn&a:lrg 'marked ( I t u n ] ) ; If 217 ( t l t r e q - ) ; III 439(bu:d-)and
with a sral' (01-frihi'), I~ecausc a king sealn n dozrn o.o. of tumllp, o r t u r n l u g : K B (God
(yasrim) his ewer and his private table; created) i s i g turntlRlg 'heat and cold' 3726:
they contain (and carry) sl~fficientdrink and X I I I ( ? 'I'ef.
) t u m l u / t u m l u a 'cold' (Adj.) 31 r :
food for a man. Hence every such ewer and srv !Iftrh.(?) ol-harid (opposite to 'hot' hi:)
table are called t a r n g a l l k because they are t u r n l u g Rif. 1150 (only, s a : w u : k in margin):
destined to have a scal (xdlitn) put on thern, S O K i p . xrv t l u m l u : 01-bnrd Irl, j o ; f u m l u : al-
that no one except the king can r e t hold of -biirid do. 66,
thrm:
. .. , and if it was said that the fldf
~ - - - ~ . , took the
place of the 2nr.n (MS. in error q q ) because Dis. V . DhlL-
theirpointsc~farticulation(masmc)areclose to-
gethcr, it would be correct (rd'iz) Kay. 1 5 2 7 .
tlrmll:- ( ?d-) r)en, V. fr. ,
unusual, Suff. -11:- instead of -la:-; 'to hc
the

T r i s . V. DMC- cold'; n.0.a.b. It is possihle that t u m l l g the

D tarngakla:- I rap, leg,; nen,V, fr;tarnga:k. use of which both as N . and as Arlj. is remarked
x S k , Xr ol tamgnkln:dl: he struck on by Kof. i s a I>ev. N./A. fr. this V. and not a
hinl on the (-,,/z !m/qjhj) K ~ ? .111 351 I'.N.i.\. fr. 1 turn. Uyk. vrll ff. n u d . 81%
(tnmjiakla:r, tamgak1a:rna:k). biitiin etiizi t u i n l l t p (ric) 'he died and his
~ v h o l rI ~ d hecame
y cold' Srnr. 4, 20: X a k . X I
D tam6a:la:- I k n . V. fr. 1 t a m g a : ; s.i.s.m.l. sm:v tllmll:dl: 'the was cold1 (Bnro&~)
usually for 'to brand, to seal, to stamp', Krrg. III 294 ( t u r n k r , t u m l r : m ~ : k ; ' v e r s e ) :
and the like. T i i r k i i vllr ff. ?'or.. I V r . 3-5 K B h u m ~ ~ n $ a i s i n m e k n tzuum l t m a l c 'tn he
( a y a : - ) ; Man. tiirt y a r u k t a m a a k6rJulii- S O hot or colti' 470r; i r i g fiiikke l u n i l i r k i ~ l
m i i z d e t a m a a l a d i r n ~ z'we have sealed o u r kiigli t e r k 'a mnll's heart is chilled
minds with the four srals of light' Clzaas. by har+ \r.<~rds'5221.
,7778: UyR. V I I I fl-. Hud. kiigiiz iize t a m -
81naking the tntldr,i over the breast9 VlTI) t n m l a t - IIap. Ica.; Caus. I1c11. V. fr.
v
7.7' 8, s9: X a k , XI 01 h i t i g tamga:la:dl: 2 t a r n ; 'to I)nr (a doclr)'. X a k - X I KCIS.
( 2 tar").
1337
'lie nut the Sultan's seal (f(i6i') on the letter'
111 353 ( t a m g a l a : r (sic), tam@:la:- L, tumllt- ( ? d - )c ~ ,f,, o~
f t l,, m l l : - ; chill+;
rna:k): xrv Mulr. xotnntn 'to seal' tarnEa:- tl,n,n,t,, xak. ol so:v tumllttl: ahe
la:- llr1'1. 2 < , 1.1; Rif. l o R ; 'nllanm (Ri/. (/,nr,-nr/n) the water' (Illilk, etc.) ( t u r n -
adds 'nI<irnn)'to 1na1.k' ditto zy, 5 ; I 13. Iltu:r, tum11trnn:k); and one snvs 01 nnrg
Dis. DhlG kiigiilln t u m l l t t ~ : 'he nnrrred him (ogdn-
,, ,I;I1', Ire,: transcrit,rd ,iinrrh, l,,,t the
associatinn \rrth h t l g rnakcs it ccrtein that this
tv1111t)arid rhillcd his Iirnl-t m that he cntnr to
clislikr hini' K ~ g . 11 344 ( t u l n l ~ t u : r ,t u r n l l t -
ma:k): K u (pri(ic is unpl-Ofita~,le rind) k ~ ~ o l
nlust he a Dev. N. fr. time:- the spelli"J3 of t l l m l l t u r z l z o ; (3 frOwnjna face and hitter
which is certain. US& vllr ff. Bud. . ..
ulntl \,,orcis) k i g i g +llll,~It,lr 2s77; a.o, 4706:
Ptlg t l r n c g l e r iize 'with such preparations illrrlr. rf(16hnru 'to excrt oncsclf' (this rnakcs no
(or arrangemetits) as . . .' U I1 40, 108. sense, ?~netatIiesisof hnrmdo) t u m l u t - Afel.
VU ( ? D ) t i i m g e : 'single-minded, foolish'; 26, I ; RiJ. 108.
n.0.a.b. Uye. v ~ l r f f . Man. a d z n t t i m k e Tris. DML
kogiiller 'other simple minds' TT 111 164:
Bud. t i i m g e e r d i r n e r s e r 'although I was PU?L) t u m l l t u : this word occurs in U y g .
foolish' fliien-ts. 1947; a.0. Suu. 384, 21. V I I ~ff. Civ. in eight docunients in I I S p . (13, 4:
5 h , 6 etc.) i r the
~ phr. t o g u r u t u m l ~ t us a t d l n l
Dis. DML which clearlv means 'I have sold outright and
D t a m l l g (d-) P.N.I.4. fr. t a m ; 'having a irrevocably'. It is difficult semantically to
wall'; n.0.a.b. Uyg. V I I I ff. Civ. USp. 15, 2-3 rcpard it as a Ger. in -u: of t u m l ~ t - ;cf.
(tegzlndiir-): (Xak. x r ~ i ( ? )Tef. t a m l a g s u v toleq.
translating ntrffa 'a drop of semen' is a parallel I I F t n m u : l u g I'.N./A. fr. tarnu:; 'hellish';
I'.N./A. fr. t a m 'a drop' a homophonous N. n.o.a.b. Uyg. vrrr fr. Bud. (if sonieone breaks
associated with t n m - which is not noted his father's and tnother's heart) 01 tln11g
before the medieval period). t a m u t u g b o l u r 'that individual becnmcs des-
D t u m l l g (?d-)P.N./A. fr. 1 t u : m (?..see tined for hell' (and is not reckoned as a son o r
tum11:-); n.0.a.b. Uyg. vlrl ff. Man. t u r n l ~ e daughter) P P 11, 6 : ( X a k . sr K B the wise
suv 'cold mnter' in antithesis to i s l g SUV 'hot nian's saying h s s come tu u i e us follows
 DIS: I
t n m u d l n y l r a r t e p t a m u l u k ozl 'the man 'the fog was stationary above and the dust
whose spirit iq hellishness is far from hcll' below' I r h n 15: Ilyg. V I I I ff. Bud. Hiicn-tr.
292; this makes little sense in thc context and fmg. (satga:-): X a k . xr tuma:n 01-(iobdh
nlay he corrupt). 'm~nt,fog' h-nf. I 414; and 3 0.0.: KB 285
(ajunp:): Gag. xv ff. t u m a n . . . (2) 'a thick
T r l s . V. DhlL- mist' (hturir-i gali?) which rises from the
1) tamu:la:- Hap. leg.; clcarly der. fr. 1 ta:m; ground and covcrs the face of the sky; also
but morphologicallv inexplicable. Xak. X I o l called d u m a n Son. r8zr. 16; du,man 'the
~ u : v u f i tamu:~a:dl: paddo rtkr hi'l-nmC' 'he mist which rises from the ground ; but the
dammed up the w ~ t e r 'Kop. I t 1 327 (tamu:- steam ( a l ~ b
o i ~ ~ dwhich
r) rises from soup, food,
l a x , tamu:la:ma:k). and the like is called b u g do. 225v. t o ; a.o. do.
rghr. 23 (2 bu:): Xwar. xlv t u m a n 'fog'
VUD tiim1:le:- Hap. l e ~ . ; Den. V. fr. Q ~ t h 185: K o m . xrv 'fog' t u m a n CCI;
*tumi:. Xak. X I egye:k tiimi:le:dl: mtaho'l- 'gloomy faced' t l i m a n betli CCG; Gr.:
-hin~drwahrua idC 'odd 'adw bi-qqfazBn 'the K I P . x ~ al-dablib
r ~ tuma:n: xrv t u m a n ditto
donkey advanced in short jumps'; the form id. 66; nul. 2, 16: xv ditto Tuh. 23r. 6 ; al-
niore commonly used is tiimi:lendi: Koy. III -gayln 'fog' tuma:n Kav. 58, 4.
326 (tiimi:le:r, tum1:le:me:k).
D t u m l u g l a n - Refl. Den. V. fr. t u m l u g F tiimen properly 'ten thousand', but often
(tumllg); n.o.a.h. Xak. X I 01 bu: ugurnl: used for 'an indefinitely large number'; im-
t u m l u g l a n d ~ :'he reckoned that this period mediately borrowed from Tokharian, where
(a/-7uaqt) was cold' (hdrid) and gave up his plan the form? are A ftrldn; B tmane, tumane, but
(irtnda'a 'ani'l-'nzm); and one says 01 a g a r Prof. Pulleyblank has told me orally that he
tumluklandr: 'he showed him boorishncss thinks this tvord may hare been borroaed in
and hnstile looks' (cnfa' ma kulrihn'l-tunch) Knj. its turn fr. a I'roto-Chinese form 'tman, or the
I1 273 (tumluglanu:r, tum1uglanma:k). likc, of zcnn 'ten thousand' (Giles 12,486). It
hccarne an early I.-w. in Monp. as tiime(n)
VLIU tiim1:len:- Scc tiimi:le:-. (IIncnisch 154) and in I'e. as lrirndn and other
IMs. DAIN forcign langtlages, see Do~rfer I1 983, where
the word is discussed at great length. S.i.s.rn.l.,
t e m e n 'a large needle, packing needle'. but in some, perhaps a reborrowing fr. Pe. or
Survives in NC lizx. teben ant1 perhaps one Mong. T u r k u V I I I b i r tiimen a r t u k ~ :yeti:
or two other language;. Uyg. vrrr K Civ. big '17,ooo' II 5' I ; a.o.0. for '~o,ooo'; b l r
t e m e n 'a large needle' is tentatively read in t u m e n a&: 'innumerable precious things' I
f i m . Arch. 2, 48,,50: Xak. X I t e m e n yigne: N 12: vrrr ff. (one spiraea became a hundred, a
al-ihratu'l-kabira a largc needle' Kag. 1 4 0 2 ; hundred a thousand) m i g tavllku: tiimen
I11 35 (igne:); (Atalay crtoneously altered boltl: 'a thousand spiraeas became ten thou-
ttimen, q.v., to t e m e n in III 367, 10): xrv sand' IrkB 32: Man. y u z a r t u k l k l r k tiimen
Mtlh, al-misnlla 'a large packing needle' t e m e n yek '1,400,ooo demons' Chuas. I 12: Uyg.
Me[. 69, 3 ; Hif. 170: Kom. xrv 'needle' t e m e n vrrr [ i i ] ~tiimen '30,003' $u. IV 7; in big
C C G ; Gr. : Klp. xv (I'U) brib~tizn(unidenti- y u n t tiimen koii 'a thousand horses and ten
fiable, ?corrupt) t e m e n 7 ' t r h . 7b. 13. thousand shecp' d o W g(?) and side (BTY I
t6:min (d-) 'im~nediately', oripinally appa- 182) the word i~ not intended to be precise:
rcntly in the scnsc o f thr initnrdiate future, hut vrlr ff. h1an.-.4 s a n s a z ttimen yrl bolt1 'it
more often, from a11 early rlatc, 'in the i ~ n - has I,ccn countlens myriads of years' (since we
mediate past, just now'. Survives in S\V Osm. departed from you) M I 10. 4-5: Bud. PP r, 5
as d e m l n (with the accent on the first syllable) (nzlug) a.o.o., nearly always for 'an in-
in the latter smsr. Thc discussions of this definitely large number': Civ. the irrevocable
word in PP, p. 254, note 3 and 7'T I, p. 21, sale of a property is often described as m i 9
note 86, written before the ptrblication of Kaf. yll t u m e n kiinke tegi 'for a thousand years
-are not \\,ell founded. U y R vrri ff. Man.-;\ and ten thousand days' USp. 13, 10 etc. (the
AT 1 1 4 , 10-11 (I:): Bud. a n t a d a b a s a t e m i n phr., which also occurs in v ~ r rSu. E 9, is
'immediately after that' U I 33, 12; (if a man prob. taken from Chinese): Xak. xr tiimen
has faith) 01 kigi ternin $In ki$i tCtlr 'that al-kntir 'much, many' of anything; one says
man is immediately callcd a loyal man' TT V tiimen t 6 r l u g sii:zle:dl: 'he talked volubly
26. 113; t b m i n ok 'immediately' do. 24. 53; on every kind of subject': t u m e n m l g alf alf
26, 116; X 274; U 1 115, 12; 0.0. PP 62, I fi'l-'adad 'a million'; one says tiimen m i 9
(tiglen-); Sttv. 619, 18-19 ( a n ~ a d a : :) Civ. yarma:k "a million dirfims' (sic) Kai. 1 4 0 2 ;
TT I 8 6 (ancada:): Xak. X I t6:mln an Adv. tiime:n (sic) ~ 6 ~ eallk kinds (anzkd') - of
(harf) meaning qabl IrddiI~i'l-sa"a 'before this flowers' I 233, 26; (scorpions, flies,'and snakes)
moment'; one says t6:min keldlm '1 have diik mi9 k a y u tiimenler 'in innumerable
just ariived' Kap. Iqog. quantities' I11 367, lo: KB tiimen 'an in-
definitely large number' is common, e.g.
tuma:n (d-) 'mist, fog'. S.i.a.rn.l.g.; in N W tiimen m i 0 tariittiig b u sanslz t i r i g 'Thou
Kk.; SW Az. Osm. d u m a n ; Tkm. d u m s : n ; hast created these innumerable living beings'
a I.-w. in Pe.. Russian and other foreign lan- 21; 0.0. Z , 22, 84, 159. 172, etc.: xrrr(?) At.
guages, see Doerfer I1 935. Cf. bu:s. Tiirlcii (this world looks nice from the outside, but
I tize: t u m a n turdl: a s r a : toz turdr:
~ I I ff. within it are) + m e n n8-xwugl 'innumerable
 unpleasantnesse~'218: (;:ag. xv ff. t u r n e n an man's arteries thickcn it is easy to hleed
expression fnr 'a large number' (gokltik); also him' do. 1'11 j z , 3 ; s u : v 6:l S:tii$(?) a:lta:qr
on hig mrqdZrr 'C'!mon nh~nsr 'a sum of ten tn:marla:rr 'the internal \~esselswhich receive
thousand Ckrnanll small s ~ l v c r coins' Vrl. the pnssogc f b f \vatrr and rnnisturc' r h . V I I I I.1 :
220 (quntn.); t i i m e n ' ~ o , o o o ' ; and the X a k . sr t a m u r (cic) 'a vcin (ol-'irq) in the
RIonpols call an nrrrir with an army of ro,ooo I>r)rl?-';rhr O g u z say t a r n a r with - a - because
mir-i tiimrri; and thc peoplc of Persia call they always seck liphtness (a/-.r~fl(r)and -a- is
'IO.WO hnfirs' yak trinrfiri Son. 18sr. 14: the liyhtrst of the vo\vels, so they have re-
X m a r . z r t t i i m e n in I,oth senses Q u f h 190: course. to it Kny. I 362; 111 201 (herge:len-):
K o m . S I \ ? '1o.ooo' t i i m e n (:CG; Gr.: K I P . KH o t a y ~t e r i l d l t n m u r kiirtlilcr 'the physi-
XI\,t i i m e n 01-halira 'a sum of ro,ooo dirhanrs' cians as.;rn~l>lrdnnd felt his pnlsc' 105 7 ;
t a m u r r n t e q e r 'he pierces his vcin' (and sucks
Id. 40; d i i m e n ' ~ o , o o o ' ;also called t u m e n
do. jo: O s m . nlv-svr t i i m e n in hoth senscs, his hlood) 4099: X I I I ( ? ) T P ~ t a.m a r 'vein' 283:
fairly common TTS 1 7 0 5 ; 1191 I ; I11 692. s l v ;lfrrlr. 01-'irq t a m a r hlrl. 45, 14; Rif. 139:
F a g . nv ff. t a r n u r !nmnr . . . rofi mn'trdsinn
Dis. V. DXIN- vein' Vrl. 174 (quutn.); t a m u r (spclt) rag wa
i p - i dirart 'vein; the roots of a tree' S m .
I ) t a m l n - ((I-) 1Iap. leg.; Rcfl. f, of t a m - ; r161 V. 17 (quotn.): O e u z XI t a m a r see Xak.:
irregular since t a m - is Intrans. X a k . X I 01
ii:zige: ya:g t a m r n d r : 'lie set hiniself to drip X w a r . s l r l t a m r r 'vcin' Ali 35: X I V t a m a r
(hi-tnqfir) the oil for himsclf' Kay. I1 149 Q11th 169: K o m . xlv 'vrin' t a m a r C C I .
(tamrnu:r, tamrnma:k). CCG; ( 3 . : K I P . X I I I 01-'irq t a m a : r lfou. 21,
18: xrv r n m n r a/-'irq ma'l-rirrs iittr,~tornkhoth
11) t i m e n - Hap. leg.; Refl. f. of time:-; 'to 'vein' and 'race, kind' id. 6 6 ; nl-'irq t a m a r
prepare oneself'. Uyg. vlri ff. Bud. 6 t i n i l ~ 13111. 3, 1 3 ; nl-cbrs ( k o k and) l a m a r do. 5 . 6 :
t i m e n i g 'prepare yourselves (blend.)' Ifiien-ts. xv nl-'irq l a m a r KG?,. 61, 9 ; Rrh. 24h. 8 ;
230. cnrir (for rorlr) 'ront, ririyin' t n m t r r (in niarfiin
Tris. UMN { a m a r ) 1to. I I 11. I I .
1) tanlrntll: (d-) Hap. lev.; UEY.N./1\. fr. t e n i i r (<I-) 'iron'. S.i.a.m.l.g.. usually as
t a m i n - . X a k . ar t a m r n d t : su:v qo!dmttc'l-mri' t e m i r ; ill NI.: 'l'ut.; S\V Ax., Osni., 'l'km.
'dripping water' Koy. I 450. r l e m i r ; a I.-w. in RIr~ng.,PC.,and other foreign
D tumn:nlrg (d-) P.N.1.4.fr. t u m a : n ; 'fogqy, languages see 1)orrfcr 11 1012, 111 I 190-1.
misty'. S.i.m.tn.l.g.; in NW I<k.; SW Az., T u r k u vrlr t e m i r k a l ~ g'the Iron Gate', a
Tkm. d u m a n l r . UyR. ~ I I ff. I Man. t u m a n l ~ g pass on thc road hct\vecn Samarkand and
y e k l e r 'thc dcrnons of fog' MI1 I I , 10: (Xak.) Ilallth mentioned scveral tirncs in I, I I , T., 1.u.:
S I VM~llt.(?) vazcwr m~r,fitrr'afoggy day' tu:ma:n- Uyg. v ~ l r f f . Man.-A M 1 8 , 11-12 (01):
1u:g (mis-spit tr,:mo:jlrr:f) kii:n Rif. 18j flud. t e m i r t a l g u k 'an iron nail' U I11 47, 9 ;
(only). 0.0. P P 3 1 , 5 ; 3 3 , 2 ( 1 a ~ - ) T ; TIVrz,4z; V
10, 93: Civ. in ttir calenclar test T T V I I 17,
DF t i i m e n l i g I'.N.IA. fr. t u m e n ; 'nurnbercd 17 t e m i r is uscd tn translate (Chincsc) 'metal'
in tens of thousands'; n.0.a.b. T i i r k t i V I I I ff. in the list of thc tive elements; 'l'emiir is a
RIan. m i g l i g t i i l n e n l i g k u v r a g 'a con- colntnnn clement in I'.N.s in U S p . : X a k . X I
gregation of thoucands and tens of thousands' t e m u r (11-Imdid 'iirrm' h-nj, 1 3 6 1 (prov.); o.r).
T T 11 8. 57: Uyg. vrrr tf. Rlari. t i i m e n l i g I 4 2 (1 a r k ) ; 187 (eges-); 519 ( t u p u l - ) ; Il 2 1
y c k l e r 31 II I I , TO. { ~ i i k - ) :f l l j o ( y t ~ l t u z ) :X I I I ( ? )7bJ. t e r n i i r
Iron; i ~ n nfetters' 297: srv A4rrlr. a/-!mhr/
Dis. I)MR d e m u r illrl. r r , z; 61, 8 ; 75, 8; t e m i i r Rij.
?I) t n m a r / t a m l r (tl-) 'vein, artery' (the two 84, rho, 178; a.o. 70, 8 ; 183 (kazgu:k); Rhg.
arr not distinguished in the tests qucrted t b m i i r '1rt71i (nail)' R 111 I 1 3 s : pa. xv (f.
helow). T h e original form seems to have been t e m i i r d~tniir. ..
Ahart ?rrtr'ndsrna 'iron' lid.
t a m i r with t a m a r as the Oguz form, and this 196; t e r n u r (spclt) dllmn, also a I'.N. Ayaa.
makes it iniprob., although still puss., that it is ZOO\-. 10 (followed hy sevcr;ll phr.): X w a r .
the Aor. of t a m - used as a N., since that should ~ I I I ( ?t e) m i i r ( ?d e m u r ) crrla 'an iron lance'
have been t a m a r everywhere. T a m u r was (Along. I.-w.) 0 2 . 9 9 ; a.0.o.: xrv t e m i i r l t e m i i r
in any evcnt a Scc. f. due to labial attraction. Q r ~ t b 175-6; Nnhc. 11, 7: K o m . xrv 'iron'
S.i.a.m.1.p. w. some extcndcd meanings; in t e m i r : C C I , CCG; Gr. 240 (quotn.): K l p .
SLIT Az., Osm. T k m . d a m a r , elsewhere xrri 01-iradid t e r n i i r I i o ~ r z. j , 19; hoth temILr
t a m l r , or nccasiunally t a m u r . U y e . VIII fT. and d e m u r appear as a cnmponent in P.N.s
h1an.--4 (the arrow) o z t a m n r l g a (?, MS. listed in do. 29; 01-Iinclid t e m i r (sic) also called
tmrrgn) t e g d i 'reached his own vein' Mfn.- d e m u r do. 31, r j : x ~ vt e m l r al-hadid also
rrig. Frag. 401, 8: Bud. s i l ~ i r it a r n t r ~ his pronoirnced with ti- fd. j o (and 3 phr.);
muscles and veins' U 11135, 20; TM I V 254, t l e m i i r 01-frodid, also pronounced with t-
101 ; i k i k a t a t a m l r l m t o k r p 'niy pulse beats do. 50; 01-!iadirl t e m i i r Birl. 4, 12; a.0. in phr.
twice' (but cannot beat a third tinie and comes z, 1 2 : sv nl-!mdid t e m i r Kar,. 5 5 , 3 ; 58, 7 ;
to rest) U III 37, 35-6: Civ. s u v t a m m Ttrh. rzb. 1 2 (snd in scvernl p h r . ) : O s m .
k u r z s a r 'if the veins of water d r y up' x ~ ff.v i l e m i r ( h u t in slv-xvr normallv
he vegetation dries up) T T I 55-kimnig d e m i i r ) 'iron'; c . ' ~ . R . ~T7.S
. I 191 ; II 276-j;
n a r l yogun b o i s a r k a n a & y B ~ i 1'if a I11 178; I V zog.
tiimriig(d-) 'tambourine' or the like; n.0.a.b.; 'rris. DMR
cf, ktivrtig. O g u z X I tiimriig al-doff 'tam- D temirqi: (d-) N.Ag. fr. t e m i r ; 'blacksmith'.
bourine' ICo?. I 478: x ~ vMuh. (among the S.i.m.m I. ; in S W Az., Tkrn. d e m i r q i ; Osm.
royal instruments) of-tnhl 'drum' du:mrUg demirci. Uyg.,vlrr ff. Civ. (my slave named
Mrl. 5 I , 4; tU:mrti:g (mis-spelt) I<$. 146; al- [gap]) temlrqi a blacksmith' USp. 73, 2 :
-doff dtimri: 63, 2 ; ttimri: 161: KIP. x r ~ r(in Xak. X I KO$. I11 268 (tok1:-): K B (in a list
a list of craftsmen and the like and their instru- of craftsmen) temiirqi 4458: xrv Muh. of-
ments) 01-mudiff 'tambourine player' < t a m - -hddGd 'blacksmith' demiirqi Mcl. I I , 12; 57,
rti:qi; al-daff) tiimrii: Ijo~l.24, l o (this must 5 ; Ri/. 85 ; temiirqi (unvocalized) I 55 : Kom.
have been the original trxt): xlv diimril: stv 'I)lacksmith' temirql C C I ; (3.:KIP.
ol-doff Id. 50: O s m . x~v-xvlr~diimrii (?sic, xrrr al-hadd6d temirsl: Hou. 23, 19; 50, 18.
dr~mrrrin tcxt) 'tambourinc' in three xrv and
one or two later texts T T S I 228; 11 325; D t e m r e g u (d-) Dev. N. fr. *ternre:- Den.
I V 246. V. fr. t e m i r ; 'a skin disease in which the skin
is covered with dry scabs'; herpes, tetter, and
V U D t o m r u m Hap. leg.; N.S.A. fr. 2 the like; presumably so called because the
t o m u r - . X a k , xr t o m r u m y l g a : ~x a p b skin looks like sty iron. Survives either
moqtu' ka-'aldti'l-askdj'a shaped piece of wood directly or in cognate forms in NE Khak.
like a shoe-maker's last' (and the like) Kap. temire: NC Klr., Kzx. t e m l r e t k i ; SC Uzb.
1485. t e m i r a t k i ; NW Kaz. timreii; Kk. t e m i -
retkiltemirew; Kumyk, Nog. t e m i r e v ; SW
Dis. V. D M R - Az. d e m r o v ; Osm. t e m r e g i ; Tkm. demrev.
VU ?D 1 t o m u r - (of the nose, etc.) 'to bleed'; Xak. xr temregii: at-quwaba' 'tetter' Kaj. I
n.0.a.b. This meaning would he very appro- 491 : KIP. xrv demregii: al-quaabi' Id. 50: xv
priate for a Caus. f. of t a r n - , and it is tempting ditto t e m r e w (in margin in second hand
to regard this as a Sec. f. of * t a m u r - , parti- temregi) Tuh. z8b. I 3.
cularly since the word is occasionally so D temiirge:n (d-) Den. N. fr. t e m i r ;
vocalized in KO$., hut there is no doubt that recorded by Red. only in SW Osm. as t e m r e n
the first vowel was rounded, and a sound which is not a genuine Osm. form. Sce
change - a - > - o - is unlikely at this period 1 bagak. O g u z x i temiIrge:n waylu'l-sahm
even before - m - . Uyg. vrrr ff. Civ. k a n 'arrow-head' Kal. I 522: (xrv Muh.(?) al-
t o m u r m a k k a e m 'a remedy for nose bleed- -nirsl?li 'a maker of arrow-heads' d e m r e n ~ i
ing' Ei 1 126, 129 (specifically the nose, In R$. 157 only): KIP. xrrr of-sinin 'spear-head'
both cases the remedy is inserted in it); a.0. temre:n Hou. 13, 15: X I V T k m . d e m r e n 01-
do. 181 ( b e r t h - ) : Xak. xi e r burnl: to- -nus/; (KIP. baqak) Id. 50: O s m . xvr d e m r e n
m u r d l : 'the man's nose bled' (ra'aja) Kag. I1 Vel. 128 (1 bagak).
85 (spelt tanrurdt, followed by 2 t o m u r - ) ; bu:
oguI 01 burnt: tomurga:n (spelt tomur2a:n) D t a m l r l t g (d-) Hap. leg.(?); P.N./A. fr.
'this I)oy's nose is constantly bleeding' 1518; t a m l r . Xak. X I t a m l r l ~ ge t 'meat which is
same phr., but speltyonturfa:n, similar transla- full of veins and sinews' ('trrriq wa amrib)Kaj. I
tion 1524, 16. 495.
V U ? D 2 t o m u r - prima facie Caus. f. of VU D t e m i r l i g (d-) P.N./A. fr. t e m i r ; 'made of
*tom-; 'to cut in a rounded shape'. Hap. leg. iron' and the like. N.0.a.b. Uyg. VIII ff. Bud.
(but w e t o m r u m , tomrug-) unless it sur- U II 25, 26 (lirt); T M I V 253, 65-6 (tiken):
vives in NE 'I'el. t o m l r - 'to cut through (a Xak. X I (after temlirliik) and with -g
log)' R Ill 1238. T h e first vowel is uncertain; sGhibuh~i,i.e. t e m u r l u g 'owning iron' Kay. I
SW' Osni. t o m r u k 'a bud; a boulder; a lump 506.
of wood' seems to be a Pass. Dev. N./A. fr. it,
and this, taken with the Tel. V. would point D temiirliik(d-) Hap. leg.?; A.N. (Conc. N.)
to - 0 - , but in Osm. 'the rounded beak (of a fr. t e m i r . Xak. xr temtirluk 'a place at
bird)' is pronounced tomguk, whereas in all which iron-stone is melted and iron is refined
other languages, including Tkm., it is pro- from it' Kay. I 506.
nounced t u m g u k , and this looks like a pard-
lel Dev. N. fr. *tumlg-, Recip. f. of *turn-. Dis. D h l S
Xak. XI (following 1 tomur-) and one says V U F t u m s a : Hap. leg.; a I.-w. presumably
e r y l g a : ~tomurdl: (kasra as well as damma Iranian. Argu: xr t u m s a : a[-minbar 'a pulpit';
on mim) 'the man cut a piece of wood in a g'uyr a$liya 'not originally Turkish' KO$.
rounded shape (qata'a . . . nruduruwara(n)) like 1423.
the base of a column' Kag. I1 85 ( t o m u r u r Dis. DM$
(ti' unvocalized), tomurma:k).
? D t u m g u k 'a bird's beak', perhaps with the
VUD t o m r u g - Hap. leg.; Recip. f. of implication of its being a curved beak; if so
2 t o m u r - . Xak. X I 01 men19 birle: y r g a : ~ perhaps a Pass. Dev. N. fr. *tuml$-, see 2
tomrugrll: 'he competed with me in cutting t o m u r - . S.i.a.m.lg.; a I.-w. in Pe., see
a piece of wood in a roundcd shape like a tray Doerjer I1 984. U y g VIII ff. Bud. ( ~ a c l r
with a foot-stand' (k'al-skin) Kof. 11 213 t u m g u k l u g 'with a vajra for a nose' U 11, 60
(tomru$u:r, tomrugma:k). 2 (i)); (birds seize their entrails, lungs, and
 $10 DIS. D M $
liverq) t u r n g ~ k l a r r n d n'in their heaks' U III d a v Ilap. Icg.?; r)nr)~natr,pr>eic.Xak. X I d a l ~
79, 4: Xak. xr turnguk 01-minqdr li'l-la;,r 'a d o g etti: ne:g nlmsm'/-fnv' 'the thinp made
bird's beak' Kaj. I 469: K R 77 (qornguk): a low sound'; like the phr. t a g tog ettl:
x ~ vMuh. al-minqar t u r n ~ r kMe/. 73, 8 (mis- Juwruntn 'it made a noise' Kaj. 111357.
vocalized tamjrk); Rf, 176: Gag. xvff.
tum$ug/turnquk ( I ) minqdr-i {tryrjr; (2) 1 taD (d-) 'dawn'; s.i.a.n~.l.y.;in N E 'I'uv.;
rnetaph. 'a nose'; (3) n~etaph. 'the spur of a SW Az. d a ~ O, s n ~ dagltag.
. 'I'km. ciao. Cf.
mountain' Sorl. 165r. 23 (quotns.): Xwar. Prte:. Tiirkii vlrr 7' 35 (ilntiir-): vrrr ff.
x ~ vt u r n ~ u k'a birtl's heak' Nahc. 43, I ; 338, t a g taglardl: (?error for, or misreading of,
13: Krp. xrlr a l - r r ~ i n ~ tlumgak
~ir ( ~ i c ? )Horr. tagla:d~:) 'the dawn hrr>ke' IvhIj 26: Mnn.
lo. I S : \v rninqar ( b u r u n ; in margin in SW kaltt yerne ta[g att!] 'and ns tlawri [broke]'
( ? ) hand) turnquk 7'1rh. 331). 8. T T I1 8, 61: Uyg. V I I I ff. Man. the text in
1l.I I1 9 is a hymn to the (Sogtlian Rlanichocan)
Dis. V . Dhl$- god VCwr 'dawn', translated t a g t e ~ r l :Bud.
1) tam!$- (d-) [lap,leE,;, co-op, f. of t a m - . taD1aYur erken PP I r , 7 ;
xak. su:v tamlSdl: the water dripped' 'every morning' USP. 60 la. 15(erte:); 104. 2;
(tnqd!nmt) from the ice, etc, K ~ 11 ~ I I, o 0.0. Hiic.n-ts. 1966 (agtur-): Civ. t a ~ d as a y u
(tarnlqu:r, tarn1gma:k). H 1 8 3 , 163; aq k a r l n d n toguz ott uq t a g
b l r l e lqser 'if he drinks pig's gall on an empty
Dis. V. DMZ- stomach on three (consecutive) nlornings' ( s i c ? ,
an unusual idiom) do. 175; 0.0. T7' bI'I I , 24-
L) t a m l z - ( d - ; t a m u z - ) Caw. f . of t a m - ; cf. 31 (Prte:); 35, 8 etc.: Xak. XI t a g 01-ptrb!~ 'the
2 tarntur-, 1 tamlt-. Survives in one or two dawn3(verse); one says t a g att1: ta[a'o'l-facr
NE and NW languages. Not to be confused w. 'dawn broke' K ~1x1~ 355: . KB t a g 'dawnt is
the tarnrz- which is the modern f. of tarnld-, common 2536, 3612, 3954, etc.: xrrr(?) At.
q.v. U Y ~ V. r I l ff. Civ. k a r a g u s l q 8 a n n 1 ~ 147 (2 t a n ) ; Tef. ditto 264: xrv Muh. 01-pblt
6 t h t a m l z s a r 'if one drips the gall of a black ta:gla &fel. go, 1 ; ta:n Iiif. 1 8 ~ (jag. : xv ff.
mouse into it' H I 56-7; iiF k a t a b u r u n k a t a g ~abdlt VeI. 178 (quotn.); tagla erte do.;
tanttzgu 01 'one lnust drop it three times into t a g ~tlb11SOII. 164r. 22 (quotn.): KIP. XIII(?)
the nose' do. 127; R.O. Ii 1112, 86: Xak. X I 01 02. 31-2 (Prte:) a.o.o.: srv t a Q 'dawnv Qurb
su:v tamuzdr: 'he dripped (qu!tara) the water' '7,; M N 40, c ~ c . :K o m . tag
(etc.) Knj. I1 86 ( t a m u z u r , tam*zma:k); e r t e ; tonlorrow' t a g d a C C I , C C G ; Cr. 234:
a.0. 11 164.20: K B k l l l ~k a n t a m u z s a 'if the Krp. x r ~ rmnqtu'l-sa!lar t a y n (sic) Hoti. 28, 13;
sword drips blood' 2715: (KIP. xv in a list of (anlong the I'.N.s) T a n k u q (vocalized Toft-
'very unusual' Caus. f.s, the C ~ U Sf.. of n a p f a ktrS) 'the bird of dawn' do. 30, 6: xlv t a g
'to drip' is ~ i v e nas t a m z t r - Kav. 69, 15; cf. ('with -9') al-subh; tagla: wnptu'l-ftib!~; yo:
emiiz-). say tagla: keldirn 'I came at dawn', and I
shall come at dawn' tagla: k e l g e m e n fd. 65;
T r i s . DMZ gads 'ton~orrow' tanda: Blrl. 13, 6 ; al-~rtbh
D tamlzlrn (d-) N.S.A. fr. t a m l z - 'a single (d) t a n (sic) do. 13, 14: xv ditto f a n Kaw. 36,
dmp' (of water, etc.). N.0.a.h. U Y ~ vllr . fT. 13; Ttrh. zrb. 1 3 ; g a d i t a n d a do. 36, 10; t a n
Bud. (it is possible to count) b f r b l r t a m l z t m 26h. 7; l a g sabhlr do. 721,. 10; n.0.o.: Osrn.
sarlln 'the number of individual drops' (in a X I V ff. t a g 'dawn'; c.i.a.p. T T S 1 6 7 2 ; I1 874;
g r e s ocean) USp. 89, I 2 : KIP. xtv t a m z u m ' . 111664; I V 733.
(sic) nl-qn!m 'a drop' Id. 66.
2 t a g (?ta:g) 'wonder, surprise', and the like;
Mon. D N s.i.a.m.1.g. except NE, esp. in the phr. t a g
1 ta:n cool breeze3. survives in NE K ~ ~ , k, a l m a k 'to be astonished'; in SW only 'I'km.
Sag. R 111 822, and I(h:lk. X a k . x ~ta:n ta:D. U Y R vlll ff. &Ian. n e t a g s a v l a r 'what
an cold (a1-rijtn'l-hr?rid) which blo\vs at extraordinnry statcmellts' M I 35, 10; 36, 13
dawn and sunset Kaj. I11 157: K B (your (a damaged text, the word is clear enough, but
mollth is like a ~ a \ . ~siizUg ) p k s a a n d m in 36, 13 at the end of a line and possibly only
sahar tan# teg Fvurds out of it an extended scription of n e t e g 'what kind
(they are as cool) as a dawn wind' *6g4, of?'): Bud. kBrkle t a g a r r g krzlar 'beautiful,
wonderful, pure maidens' PP 42, 8; t a g
F 2 t a n 'body'. An Iranian I.-rr., cf. Persian k h r t l e sevigllg khzin 'her wonderful,
ton, which was burrowed at an unusually ecrly beautiful,loveIy eye' T T X 5 5 o ; 0.0.; Hum-ts.
date. S.i.s.m.1. Tiirkii v:!r ff. Irkll 3 (tii:): 1895 (tavra:k); SIIW. I 18, 6-7 ( t a t ~ g )Xak.
: XI
Xak. XI Kaj. I1 307 ( k a q ~ t - ) :~ I I I ( ?At. ) ka- t a g ne:g al-ga?;ull-'aci!, 'somct!~ini: wonderful,
m u g tagda t a n t u r u p 'every- niorning the ~ a r v e l l o u s ' ; hence oac says ta:I; kiirdiim
body stands up' (boss to the tongue and does I snw something wonderful' KO# 111 355;
worship) 147-8; Tef. t a n 'body, individual, a.o. 162, 6; K R tarJlrn bu m e n i g ';!;i.ts what
self' 297 (ten): xlv Muk. a[-ctr!!n 'body' tan wry-;:PCme' 786: bu t q t s g s u k i$ler 'the,-
A l p l . 4 5 , rz: Rif. 1 3 8 : Xwar. xlv tenjten wonderfu! ;cart-eiln:~~ dr-dn' 734: XIII(?)Tef.
'burly' Qath 175-7: Kom. X l V 'Ixod~; flesh' 'art& zXq: Gng. xv tf. t q ng ta'nccrrb
,a- t,oposcd to 'spirit') t a n ; common CCC;: ?*la'nrirmn 'sdrprise' VeI. 177 i ~ ~ ~ t nt a. g) ;
G'r. 240 \-.nc,tns.): Ktp, srl-tat1 a;-iisni 'body' ta'orc:;h Sari. r h q . z+ (quoti:.;: ?.-\xar, xrv t a g
14. 40. ' ~ \ ~ o I I ' I P\~ul~<lerft!l'
~, Qrtth I?:;!. K o ~ . . ;<I\.
 MON. d N
'w~)nder,miracle' t a g C C G ; Gr.: Krp. xrv thoupht is unceasing warfare with the pas-
t a o ('with -0') of-'acnb 'wonder' fd. 65 : Osm. sions. If you ask why ?)nlzvanllarag etczke
x ~ vfT. t a g (in xv occasionally dag) 'wonder, teg teg t a t a g t a t a g Uqiin Inqa kiiqlllg
wonderful'; common till xvr, sporadic till b o l u r l a r 'your passions become ao stmng
xvrrr TTS I r 7 5 ; 11 256; 111 166; IV 188. because taste is equivalent to the body ( I ) ' M
111 I 2, I 7 (ii) (in Buddhists terminolo~y'taste'
VU 3 t a g onomatopoeic in the phr. t a g tog: is the fourth of the six uifayas, the point
pec. to Kny. ? T h e vowel in the main entry is seems to be that it is as strong as the body and
(lontma, hut see d a o . Xak. X I t a g (or toq?) so may overpower it): Bud. bodlsatvlarnig
tog e t t l 'the heavy thing made a noise kagiill birle teg kogiiliig b u l m a k ~e r l i r 'it
(ta~awrunfa)when it fell on a solid ol~ject'KO$. is acquiring a mind equal to the minds of
I11 356; a.0. I11 357 (dag). the Bodhisattvas' IJ I1 48, 12-13; (if when
VU 4 t a g (?leg) Nap. leg.; the vowel is fatlta, engaged in trading I have cheated) tegin
t a r a z u k l n 'with a pair of scales' (measures
but this word cotnes after 1 and 2 tog where
#amma or hasra might be expected; perhaps a of length and volume and so on) U I1 77,
I.-w. Xak. xr t a g 'any building (bina') which 25; 86, 42; T T IV 10, 4; Suv. 135, 8 ; (for
a ruler) siili a y h k6rtgiingli Uqegii ten
once txisted, of which the superstructure
(MS. nmdttrhu, ? read 'imdrattrltu) has dis- kfaith e r g e k 'the army, the food supply and
(or confidence?) are all three equally
appeared and the foundations (apltlhtc) remain necessary' T T V 26, roj-6; (all people in the
as a high mound (mu)';it is the foirndations world) b i r ikintike tugan tegin k e r i i p
of any ancient town (MS. qnhandar, read 'seeing that they are equal (Hend.) to one
qtthandiz) and the like Ka$. I11 356. another' VI 307-8: Civ. t e g iiliigliig 'in
?P 5 t a g Hap. leg.; almost certainly a I.-w.; equal shares' IJSP. I I , 5 : 29, 9 ; b u b o r l u k
.sreve'
. is normally 6lgek. A r g u : X I t a u bi'l- teginqe i k i b o r l u k 'two vineyards each equal
-i$h8' 'with a back vowel', al-munxul 'a sieve' to this vineyard' do. 13, 14; 0.0. do. 28. 6
Kay. 111 355. (Uleg-); 98, 17 (iiiiig), etc.: Xak. XI tegal-'id1
cua'l-qirn 'equal, equivalent'; hence one says
V U ? F 6 t a g occurs several times in com- t e g tug al-'ad1 wdl-qarbr 'an equal, com-
mercial docutncnts in Uyg. V I I r ff. Civ. as a panion': teg imkanu'l-lay' wa maw&uhu ma
measure of capacity for seed cotton; it must fursatuhu 'the possibility, proper place, and
have been a fairly large measure since in USp. proper turn of something' (prov., 'if you erect
2 the rent of a piece of ground for growing a mill' tegsizde: figayr mawdi'ihi wa imkanihi
cotton was 'ten t a g kebez', and USp. 70, 6 'in an unsuitable place and conditions') Kq.
(biitgiir-) relates to a transaction involving 111 355; kiigi: tegi: toklgtl: hfiraba qadr
borrowing four t a g kebez in the spring and tdqatihi 'he fought as hard as he could' ZI ro3,
returning seven in the autumn. Perhaps to 26: K B teg is common, e.g. (if I bequeath gold
be connected with Pe. tang 'a donkey load', and silver to you do not take them to be) b u
but this word also means 'half a load', and s o z k e teg-e 'as valuable as this advice' 188;
in this sense looks like a I.-w. fr. 1 teg. q.v. y l p a r l i biligli tegi b i r y a y 'perfume and
I t is, however, unlikely that 1 t e g should be knowledge are equally valuable and of the
read in these Uy2. passages. same kind' 3 I I ; (there is no one who is) s a g a
tug teg-e 'Thine equal (Hend.)' 7; t e g tug
1 t e g (d,-) basically 'equal' (to something else), 4181; 0.0. 186 (alttn), 215,413, 569, etc.: X I I I
hence 'equivalent' (to something else) and, of I?) At. t8rtitmlgte yok bll a g a tug teg-e
the two pans on a pair of scales 'level' (equal He has no equal in all creation' 24; a.0.
to one another). S.i.a.m.1.g.; in NE Tuv.; S W 98 (tege:-); Tef. t e g tug 298: xrv Muh.(?)
Osm., Tkm. deg. A I.-w. in various foreign qadru'l-qdma 'the s ~ z eof a man's stature' t e g
languages including Pe. (see Doerfer 11 941) Rif. 190 (only): Gag. xv ff. t8g hnaber 'equal.
where in the forms t a n g l d a n g it acquired the level', etc. Vel. 197 (quotns.); t6g bardbar wa
special meaning of 'half a load' on an animal's murdtui 'equal' San. 202r. 23 (quotns.); a.0.
back (i.e. one equal to the other half), hence $ 8 5 ~ .21 (2 kur): X w a r . xrrr t6g 'like, equal'
more generally 'a load, or package'. With these Ali 48: xrv tegltbg ditto Qutb 175-7; M N 6 ,
forms and meanings these Pe, words were etc.; 8.0. Qutb 187 ( I tu:?):K o m . xrv 'equal'
reborrowed by some modem Turkish lan- t e g CCG; Gr.: KIP. xv $in/ wa'l-naxir
guages, e.g. Rep, Turkish denk. While there wa'l-mi11 'sort, equal, likeness' t e g Tuh. zza.
is no reasonable doubt that the Chinese word I 3 ; mill teg 3 ja. I r ; 'alCmaiu'l-taibih 'an indi-
t h g was a 1.-w. in some early languages, see cator of comparison' (intpr alia) t e g 89a. 1 2 :
2 teg, the theory that it was also the origin of O s m . xrvff. d e g (and once xrv teg tug)
this word (see Doerfer, loc. cit.) is untat~able 'equal' and the like; fairly common; mis-
since the meanings are quite different. transcribed denk T T S I 193; I1 279; I11 179;
Tiirkii v ~ r rf f . Yen. yag[rka:] tegm1:g sii ZV 206.
t e ~ i :yetl: big o g l a n ertl: 'the (size.of the)
arrnv which attacked the enemy was equal to F 2 ten a word which seems to mean 'kind.
seven thousand oung men' Mnl. 26, 8.; sort' occurs in several early tests. It is plau-
bogu:n tbgin b i h r e r t i 'he knew the v ~ l u e sibly sogzested i:i T T V I , p. 90, s.v. teg, that
( ? ) of the peoplr?' dtt..-z, 3 (both readings very in these passage; it is a 1.-w. fr. the synon;,-
dubious): Uye. r r r r " ~ . h,lan.:A (the fourth mous Chinese.word ttng ((Giles-10,877). T h e
 following passages seem the clearest cases of 40: d r n al-no/as; one nays d ~ n ~nllgt!: n
this word, hut there are proh. others where it 'he breathed' (tonnfJosn) that is a l l ~ t a : 'he
has been mistaken for 2 t a g and thus tran- received, o r took', fr. ald~:, with -19- for re-
I Alan. T T I1 8, 5 8
scribed. T t i r k u ~ I I ff. ciprocity (ol-ntrigdroko), hi^ hreatll do. 5 0 : xv
(oyun): Uyg. V I I I ff. Bud. teg a d ~ n p j ge r t e n l nafns t l n 7irh. 36a. 8.
yInqU 'various kinds of jewels and pearls' PP
34, 1 ~ 2 0.0.
; of t e g adtnqrg {lo. 71, 5 ; Ktran. VU trg Flap. leg.; tnearring douhtCu1. It hnq
149. been suggested that this is the hasis of t1gla:-
hut this is very duhicius. IJyg. vttt ff. Civ.
E 3 t e 9 n xvnrd so tranccrihed and translated (the clarrcr of the tell-fold krq (?'j:~le')Katne
'tnarsh(?)' (Brockelmatln), 'Inke' (Atalay) has is heard . . .; if you break off(?)the Eanlr, your
been read in a verse in KO$. 1 5 2 8 , 9--10; it is propcrty has aune as garlic acies) k n tlgt ~ teg
not vocalized; it is very unlikely that a word e d g u g b n s t l ~(?read bezdl) 'your good things
with this meaning should be a Hap. leg. have hcen shaken(?) like the sound(?) of the
K a f . ' ~translation of the verse is 'it describes kay' TT 197-R
wild fowling and says "when the goose (should ti:n the exact meaning is driuhtful; the likeliest
be "duck") saw me in that pool (01-Budor) with
1s 'halter', or 'leading-rein', hut 'bridle' and
a blunt arrow, this bird (the knjgnlak) dived
'rein' cannot he excluded. Survives in NE
into the water" '. It will he noticed that the several dialects ( R I11 1360), Khak., and Tuv.
last word of the first line (ntn:r in the MS.) (din). UyR. vrrr ff. Dud. (then the prince)
is not translated. T h e likeliest explanation is atan t l n l n t a r t a p (sic) 'reining in his horse'
that nl-gridor is a scribal error for al-2add and USp. 97, 3 ; a.o. do. 20 (ke:rU): X a k . X I t i n
that the verse read tagda: bile: k6rse: menl:
6 r d e k 6te:r kalva: k o r i i p k a v g a l a k i a/-miqmod 'halter'; hence one says t l n t l z e l n
suvka: bata:r 'the duck seeing me at dawn tniqzcod rca 'indn 'halter and rein' Kay. 1 339;
ti:n nl-'ittdrt 111 1 3 8
quacks; the kn,cjalnk seeing (my) blunt arrow
dit-es into the water'. VU tig Ilap. lep.; exactly synonymous with
tlk. X a k . X I one says e r t i g turda: ii~tayaba'l-
tl:n (d-) Kaj. has t\vo main entries t l n 'breath' -rortil qd'inro(n) 'the man stood upright' K a l
and tl:n 'rest', hut it is unlikely that the distinc- 111 356.
tion in length is semantically valid since else-
where 'breath' is consistently spelt t1:n (note to:n (d-) 'garment, clothing'. S.i.a.m.l.g., in
also that there are two main entries for 'bridle', most modern languages for 'outer garment,
t i n and t1:n). Indeed, it is likely that the same overcoat'; in SW Az., Osm. d o n ; Tkm.
word was used for 'breath' and 'rest' (i.e. do:n. It has been usual for some years to
stopping to take breath). I t is significant that descrihe this as a I.-w. fr. Saka tarina 'clothing',
this is one of the rare cases of a h o m o p h o ~ ~ o u s hut it is unlikely that the Turks would have
N. and V. and that the V. is translated both 'to had n o native word for 'clothing', and there
breathe' and 'to rest'. T h e two words have are difficulties about the initial sound; the
therefore been treated as identical. T1n resenihlance is therefore prob. due to co-
'hrcath', sometimes by extension 'spirit, life', incidence. 'TiirkU V I I I (tonstz, q.v.): V I I I ff.
survives in all NE languages; NC Klr. (also Rfan. to11 'clothing' (i.e. everything that a man
dam); NW Knz., Kk. N E Tel. ( R I11 134z), is wearing) M 1 s . 13; 7. 11-14: Uyg. V I I I ff.
Khak. also have a word tlm 'silent' which t o n n u n bit1 'a hodv louse' (lit.. clothing lousel
seems to be n Sec. f. Tiirkil V I I I ff. Man. t t n Af 1 8,"r4: l3ud. t o n 'clothira' comrnrk U 11
t u r a t c g r i 'the Got1 of tlle Zephyr'(?) Chtms. 15, 13; 111 38, 17; PI' 76, I ; Sanskrit vnstrcl
34, etc. (see 1 tura:): Uyg. vlrr ff. Man. t t n 'clothine' t o n TT I'III L1.1 I : bard ditto t o n
t u r a t e g r i M I 21. I : Bud. PP 3 8 , 4 (1 agu:); kedim-(kh~tim) do. 38: ~ i v . t' o n 'clothing'
U I11 43. 31 (buz-): Civ. t1n a l u u m a s a r common TT I 149; V I I 26, 10; 38, r o ( b r p ) ,
'if he cannot draw breath' fl I 141 ;a.0. do. 60, etc.; VIII I.zo; USp. passim: Xak. sr t o m al-
etc. (buzgak); trnl u z u n 'his life is long' T T - tarcb 'clothing' K O III 137; over IOO 0.0.:
1'11 2 9 , 17: X a k . xr t m 01-rrib wa'l-nafas XB 84 (tul); 474 ($'at): xrrr(?) At. kijnlllk
'breath. soul(?)'; hence one says an19 ti:nl: tonln ked . .. k e d i m t o n talus1 kanllik
(sic) kesildl: 'the man's breath was cut off' ton1 'put on the clothing of uprightness . . .
f i g . I 339; t':n k l ~ i :'a man who has retired the clothing of uprightness is the choicest of
(01-rntrcimm) and does not engage in work'; (all) clothing (Hend.)' 167-8; T P ~kec;llm .
also used of any animal when it rests for some t o n 309: xrv Mtih. nl-!acob to:n/to:n Mcl. lo,
days a r l is released from work (i& isfaraha 10-1 I ; Rif. 83: Cag. xv ff. t o n giyecek . . .
a?yr 1 run acantma) Kag. I11 138; 0.0. I qoftd11 ma'nristna 'wearing apparel, outer robe'
176 (oqBr-); l y z (osiik-): 248 VPI. 224 (quotn.); t o n qahd 'garment' Son.
~d three 0.0.; all 'breath' and 186v. 26 (quotn.): Xwar. xrrr t o n bag1 'belt'
.n: KL3 trn t o k t g l ~ 'drawing 'Ali 21: xtv t o n 'clothing' Qvtb. 182 AfN
m off my 62, ete.: Korn. xrv 'garment' t o n C C I ; Gr.:
?sgll S x i r t ~ n ~'cut
-t' 394; a.0. 773: X w a r . xrv K t p . xrrl ul-frrrrcn 'a fur garment' (kllrk; also
192: K o m . srv 'spirit, soul' called) to:n, which is a generic tern1 for
nmon); 'a fallow field' t l n 'clothing' (01-malbiir) llou. 19, 12: xrv t o n
*' t l m (sic) bol- CCG; 01-tart9h fil. 67: xv ol-tnnltija 'cloak'(?) t o n
h p . xtv t1n 01-ruh fd. Kao. 63, 17; Ttth. 34a 13; ~niubt o n do. lob.
 V. D N -
1 3 : Osm. xlvll'. clon (ctrmtn~rr~in s l v , VIII IT. I<ud. t u n s a y u 'every night' 7'7'1' lo,
sporadic Iater),'ton 'clothing'; c.1.a.p. 7'75 I 100; b i r k u n b i r t u n 'one day and one night'
217; 11 314; I11 204; I V 236. Suv. 140, z z ; a.0.o.-Sanskrit divA ca rdtrazc
co 'by day and night' t u n l e y e m e : ki(nduz
I tu:n 'first born'. Survives only(?) in NI; yerne: TT'V I I I E.38; 0.0. do. 32; U I1 28. 5 ;
Alt., 'I'el. tu:n I< III 1439; Khak. t u n ; T u v . 111 a j , 18; k a p k a r a tiinle 'on a very dark
d u n . Xak. X I tu:n o g u l bihru'l-mar'a 'a night' T7'111, p. 28, note 71, 3 : Civ. tiinle:
woman's first horn', that is the first child that
a woman bears whether it is male r)r.fenlale; a
... t i i n n u g kiinniig TT V I I I I.14: X a k .
X I t u n 01-layla 'night'; hence one says t8:nle:
fcrnale is (also) callcd tu:n kt:z that is 'the first k e l d i r n ' I came at night' KO?. 1 3 3 9 ; n'arly
dnuyhter'; and a woman's first husband ic 20 0.0.. occasionally spelt tu:n: K B (God
called tu:n b e g KO?. 111 137: X I V iMlrI~.(?) created) k u n a y b i r l e t u n 'the sun and moon
ol-walarlrr'/-or~~~a/ tu:n Rif. I 44 (il.le/, i:le:ru:). and night' 3 ; tiin k u n 'by night and day' 39;
t u n u n h a m k u n u n 78; t u n l e s a y u 'every
VU 2 tu:n Hap. leg.; comes between to:n and night' 2314; 0.0. 9 j 2 , etc.: XIII(?)At. (God
1 tu:n in KO$. so cannot be a scribal error created) t u n u g k u n d i i z u g 'your night and
for tl:n although syn. w. it. X a k . X I t u : n
of-!rrm'anino 'tranquillity'; heticc one says day' 13; 0.0. 15, 1 6 ; TEf. d u n r 1 9 ; t u n 'night,
k i i n u l tu:n boldl: 'his mind was at rest' dark' 318: X I V R&. t u n u y k u s l n 'sleep at
night' R 111 1548; Afuh. ,nl, lay! du:n Ale/.
(i[ma'anno) KO?. I11 1.37. 80, 3 ; tu:n RiJ. 184; ainzs yesterday' du:n
1 t o g ( d - ) prilpcrly 'frozen hard', but sorne- do. do., followed by several phr. containing
times, tnore indefinitely for 'very cold' and the dii:n/tu:n and du:nle:/tu:nle:: Gag. xv ff.
like. S.i.;~.m.l.g.; in N E 'L'uv.; SIV 'I'krn. tun ('with - u - , not -u-') gPce 'night' Vel. 224;
d o g ; Az., Osm. d o n . Homophonous m. t o g - tiin (I) iarik zua mrtzlint 'dark' (quotn.); (2)
X a k . xr 'itnything frozen hard' (ciimid) is called metaph. gab 'night' (quotn.) Sun. 1 8 6 ~ .23:
t o g ; hence 'frozen meat' is called t o g e t ; alsu X w a r . X I I I d u n i n g u n i n 'Ali z z : xrlr(?) t u n
anything else K ~ J 111 . 356: ( X I I I ( ? )Tef. kklg (or? diin) y a g g a k k a 'towards the north' Og.
t o n l u g d a (sic) 'in the winter cold' for)): 320; t u n ( ? d u n ) s a r ~ k a ,opposite to t a g
X w a r . X I I I ( ? )(there is a h i ~ hmountain here ( ? d a g ) s a r ~ k ado. 336-8 seems rather to
atid on the top of it there is) t o g (or ?dog) mean 'tow-ards the wrest': xrv t i i n , t u n l e
t a k ~(or ? d a k ~ m ) u z 'solid ice' (Ilend.) Og. Qutb 190; t u n 'night, yestetday' AfN 3, etc.:
230: KIP. x ~ vtog ('with -9') al-calid 'solid K o m . X I V 'night' t u n ; yesterday' t i i n e
ice' f d . 6 5 ; 3.0. do. (toguz). k u n CCI, CCG; Gr.: Klp. X I I I amis tun
kiin Hou. 28, r r ; ni~fu'l-lay1 'midnight' t u n
V1J 2 t o g 'solid' (not hollow); pec. to Xak. buqkt: (sic?) do. 17; al-lay1 t u n do. 18;
and prob. tnerely 1 t o g used metaph.; ol-IlalfZ albriril~a 'yesterday' (or 'last night'?) t u n
normally means 'alfalfa' o r 'esparto grass', but kd:qei do. 19: xrv t u n l e : al-lay/; tiin amis i d .
also, acc. to Steingass 'bull-rush', which is 40; d u n GI-/a>$ also pronounced t u n , also
prob. the meaning here. X a k . X I 'anything used for nahriru'l-amir; t u n k u n t u n keqe:
which has n o internal hollow' (caul/) is called nl-Laylatu'l-bZrilta do. 50; amis t i i n Bl11. 13, 7:
t o g ; hence al-hove' is called t o g k a r n r ~that xv amis t u n k i i n Kac. 36, 10; al-lay1 t u n /
is 'solid (nitrsmat) reed' ikIn~.I11 356: K B a tiinle: do. 13; atnis t i i n e 7'1th. 5a. 5; fay1
man of exceptional strength of character is ( k e c e and) t u n do. 32a. 3: Osm. x ~ ff. v dun
called ( s powerful archer, resistant, hard and) 'night', cliinle 'at night' and d u n in various
t o g yUrek 'stout-l~eartcd'104y, 2271. phr. is very common till X V I and occurs
3 t o g See 3 tag. sporadically in this sense later; d u n e g u n
'yesterday' in xvr TTS I 239; I 1 337; 111
t u n (d-) 'night'; in some model-n langunges 222; I v 257.
additionally o r alternittively 'yesterday'. T i i n
ortu:sl: properly means 'midnight', and is ?*tog See tijgdi:, etc.
often so used, but in the earliest period was
also used as a cardinal point 'north'. S.i.a.m.l. ; M o n . V. DN-
in N E 'ruv. d u n 'night'; dU:11 (?crasis of ta:n- ( ? d - ) 'to deny; to disclaim (an obliga-
diinen) 'yesterday'; in SW Az. d i i n e n ; Osm. tion); to go back on one's word'; used both
d u n ; Tkm. d u y n all meaning 'yesterday'. with an ohject in Ace. o r Abl. and without.
'I'iinle: 'at night', which is more likely to be S.i.a.ni.l.y.; in SW Az. d a n - ; t a n - in Ar. and
an abbreviated Ger. of *tunle:- than a crasis ~ r m e n i a nscript is described as Osm. in R III
of t i i n b i r l e , occurs from an early period. 822 but does not appear in any other Osm.
Cf. 3 kbqe:. T i l r k u V I I I y l r g a r u : t i i n authority and may be NM', e.g. Armeno-Klp.
0rtu:sl:garu: 'to the north' I S 2, I I N 2 ; U y g . V I I I ff. Marl. 11f I I I I , 13, etc. ( W i t ) :
0.0. I E 27, I 1 E 22 (ud1:-), etc.; VIII ff. (at Bud. Strv. 134, 11-12 etc. (ay1gla:-); e s r u k
midday he was astray) t i i n o r t u : k a n t a : ki$i t e g tana m u n a y o r l y u r l a r 'they wander
t1egli:de: b o l g a y 'where and how will he he about like drunken men denying (their faith)
at niidnight ?' IrhU 24: hlari. irki k u n ] tiin and raving-' T T VZ z r j : X a k . xr 01 a l r r n n l
'for two dnvs s n d nights' TI' 11 6, 27-8; a.0. ta:ndl: cohada'f-do-vn 'he denied (disclaitned)
hf IrI 19, d(i) ( 1 6ve$-): Uyg. vlrl k u n [qap] the debt' (etc.); also used for any one u.hry
n ~ l gt u n t e r l t m l g by day they [scattered?, denies some thin^ K n f . 111 184 (ta:nar.
nnd] at' night they canie together' $11. I? I : ta:nma:k): Y I I I ( ? Tef. ) d n n - 'to abjure (one's
8641125 S
 V. DN-
faith ,461.); to dcny ( s o r n e t h i n ~Jh!.)' 117; rir*i$ tcn rirrini giri'ftan 'to rrrtt, takr n rest'
t a n - ditto 284; t e n m e k l l k (sir) 'infidelity' (nl- .'inn. zoov. 20 (quotns.): S w a r . S I Y tln-/t10-
-ktrfr) 298: Fag,. xv ff. t a n - inknr kardnit 'ro rrst' Qtrth 193; t ~ g -(of tears) 'tn cease
'to deny' Snn. 161 v. zr (quotns.; pointing out to flow' Nrrlrr. 369, 14: K o m . xrv 'to rest'
that t a n - 'to know' in Vel. 178-9 is an error t t n - C C C ; Gr.: KIP. X I I I nl-rd!r(r 'rest,
for tam:-): X w a r . xlv t a n - 'to break with ease' (opposite to 'rshauqtron' o r m a k )
(sorneone Abl.)'; to put an end to (a friend- t r n m a k Ilurr. 27, 14; irrardltrr f l n - do. 34,
;hip)' Qrtth 170; 01 tanill 'he denied' (saying I 2 ; suknnn ntinn'l-suk~in c/lirid~r'I-horoka 'to
I did not k ~ l lnly uncle') Nrthc. 339, 1 7 ; a.o. be at r e ~ t ' , opposite to 'in motion' t t n -
tin. 273. c): K o m . x ~ v'to disclaim (a debt)' (also nl-ri/ra) do. 37, 18: xrv f i g - ('with -0-')
t a n - C C I ; Gr. hlnrd/m Id. 65; {In- ditto; in 'I'km. d l n l e n -
dc. 66: xv tnnnffnsa f t n - T~clr. 9n. 10; to-
t a g - ( ? d - ) 'to wrap up, tie u p tiphtly' (with 'nroccaqn 'to loiter' tin- do. Ion. I ; sohala 'to
a cord, bandage, etc.). S.i.a.m.1.g.; in SW be silent' (inter aliil) tin- do. 2oa. 5 ; 59h. 12:
only(?) ?'kin. d a g - . X a k . X I 01 a n l g b a y l n O s m . xrv in n vcrse d i n m e k ( ? d i g m e k ) is in
tagdl: iaddo ro'sohrr bi-'ilihn 'he tied u p his antithesis to d ~ n m n k'to speak' and clearly
hcad in a turban'; also used of anything which rneans 'to be silent' TI:'$ I t o t ; xv111 d i g -
.
you tie up tightly (tncldndta . . iadd qawi) (sic) in Hfi~ni,szkit ilrdon San. 226v. 29.
with a cord and the like Kni. III 390 ( t a g a x ,
tagma:k): G a g . xv ff. t a g ( - t p , etc.) sar- cie 2 t l n - (d-)'to speak'; specifically Ogux, and
bnila- 'to wrap, tie up' Vel. 176-7 (quotns.); perhaps merely an idiomatic use of 1 t t n - in
t a g - pi(-idm rto hasfon ditto Snn. 162v. 5 the sense of 'to breathe a word'. Survives in
(rluotns.): K o m . xlv 'to tie up' t a g - C C G ; S W Az. d i n - 'to speak, say' and Osm. t t n -
GI. generally used in the Neg. f. t i n m a - 'to pay
V U teg- this V. and its CRUS.€.s t e ~ l t - , 110 attention, pretend not to see o r hear'.
t e g t i i r - , tegiir- are all Hap. Irg. and have O e u z X I (after 1 t t n - ) and ttle Oguz tvhen
inconsistent, o r no, vowel points and dots, but they tell a riian to stop talking (nahat ...
-e- is the likeliest rowel. See also tegiz-. Xak. 'atri'l-tnknllrtm) say t t n m a : ; this is theopposite
xr kuy tegdt: 'the bird soared' (ltallaqn); simi- (mnqliib) and really means I i tus4irt 'do not
larly when an arrow is shot high towards the be silent'; the 'I'urks say t t n meaning trsktlt
sky and disappears in the air one says o k 'be silent', and if they say t t n m a : they mean
tegdi: Iiallaqn'l-nnbl Kng. 111 390 (tege:r, 'do not he silent'; the Oguz are mistaken
t e g m c : k ; the first letter is everywhere un- (nxtn'a!) in this KO?. II 28: ~ I I I ( ?ref. ) t l n - 'to
dotted and unvocalized, but the entry conies speak, reply' 304: Ktp. (or Tkm.?)xv nataqa
between the heading T- and tag-). 'to speak' tin- Ttrh. 37b 4; wa notcqa is added
in the n ~ a r g i nbeside tanlflasa p n - do. 9a. 10:
I t l n - ( ? d - ) the basic meaning seems to be 'to O s m . xrv ff. d m - / d ~ n m a - ,fr. xv onwards
breathe', thence 'to breathe quietly' and so usually spelt t t n - l f l n m a - 'to speak; to keep
'to he tranquil o r at ease, to come to rest', silence'; cnmmon fr. x ~ vto xvl 1'7'S I 201;
thence (e,p. of rain) 'to cruse'. S.i.a.m.1.g. with II 293; III 191; I V 218: (xvl in the entries
meanings of this kind, hut in some languages of I t l n - in Vtjl. 197 -8 s a l e - 'to speak' is
rare or rion-existent and replaced by der. f.s; consistently given as the first translation
in S\V only Osni. d i n - / d i p (sic), in 'I'krn. before digle-; this is nn error, the word was
den-. Cf. ten. UyR. vrrl ff. Man. t ~ n g u l u k not Cng. in this sense); svrrr t t n - .. . and, in
o r u n t n 'in n pl:~ce of rest' T T I11 110; R~imi,SIIXII grfta~r qua lrnrf zarln~t 'to speak,
t n l m n t t n 'without r c s t i n ~ 'rIo. IS 75: Bud. talk' Son. zoov. 20.
t u r k a r u t r n m n k s t z b o d t s a t v ' t h e completely
unrestinp Bodhisattra' U I 17, 4-5; (my pulse V U D t o n - 'to be closed, fastened', and the
heats twice, and being unable to beat a third like; pri~riafacie Refl. f. of to:-, but survives
time) t t n u t u r u r 'comes to rest' IJ 111 37, 37; in most N E dialects &ist u n - R 111 1439 in this
yeti kiin a n t n t l n t l l a r 'they rested there for sense. (NC Klr.. I b x . t u n - (of liquids) 'to
seven days' P P 33, 8 ff.: X a k . X I y a g m u r settle, become clarified' can hardly he the same
t r n d ~ :'the rain ceased' ((rqlo'a); and one says word.) See tonquk-: Uyg. v r ~ ff. r Bud. o!
e r u l u g ttndt: tanaffasri'l-rncrr/i~'i-~t~'dd 'the k a p t g t o n a r (v.1. t o n u r ) 'that door is closed
mon breathed a deep sigh'; and one says a r u k T 7 ' V I 234: Civ. t o n - 'to he closed' If N 18,
t t n d ~ 'the: tired man rested' (istnrzha) Kay. II 60: X a k . XI k6:k tondt: 'the sky was overcast'
28 (ttna:r, t1nma:k; and see 2 t ~ n - ) ;II 316, (gZ~rtnt):and o w says k a p u g tondt: 'the door
ro ( a r u k l u k ) and 5 o.c.: KB u c u g h y o r ~ g l l was fastened' (insndda); also if a mountain
t ~ n t g lnege ~ 'all creatures whether they fly, pass is Olocked (insaddat) with snow one says
walk, or are at rest' 23; (when the xtIkdn art t o n d l : Kni. I1 27 (tonu:r, also.in the Aor.
mounted the throne) a j u n t ~ n d t'the world tona:r, t o n m a : k ; in O g u z , KIP. it is cus-
was at rest' 93; q a l a m ma t t n a r 'his pen, too, tomary for the Aor. to have - a r / - e r in verbs
comes to rest' 294; t i l i m t l n m a 'my tongue, like this): ~ I I I ( ?Tef.) m e g i z i g t o n d l 'your
d o not be silent' 381 ; 0.0. in similar meanings face has become sad' 31 I (trm-), 318 (tiin-):
669, 1499, 3835, 4419. 4782, 5728, etc.: xlrr G a g . xv ff. ton(-dl/-er) when someone Icwks
(?)'I'cf. tan- to rest, be nt rest' 304: G a g . closrly at something bright nnd shining o r
s v K. t i n - ( - a y , ete.) dig/+ t ~ esrTkin 01- 'to the sun, one says k 6 z f o n d 1 ('his eyes were
rest. he quiet' ['PI. 197-8 (quotns.); t t n - hli~lded') I'el. 222 (qi10111.); t o n - tiro ecn
 D I S . DNA
tnrih yudnn 'to hecome dark' Son. ~Rgr.29 therc are several cnrnrptions in the MS. Xsk.
(san~rquotn.; the lit. meaninr: \$as ~ ~ e r h a (of
ps X I tanu: yarnu: (both unvocalized, t- for y-
the eyes) 'to be shut'). in the second word) 'two particles' (horfiin)
meaning hot13 trrbsir (RJS. yosir); hence
tog- (d-) 'to be f r ~ ~ z ehard'.
n S.i.a.m.l.~.; one says m e n bar&?,a:ymen (tanu:,, yamu:
dog- in NI.: 'l'uv.; SW Az., Osm., 'I'km. Cf. 'I shall go !tntta tubpir, see (if I don't)' Kar.
1 tog. TUrktl v ~ r iff:kKge:ki: togmi:$ 'his I11 236.
pail was frozen' IrkB 57: Xak. xr SU:V togdl:
'the water (etc.) was frozen hard' (camada); VU toga: with back vowels but whether -0-
and one says e r togdi: hurd'f-racrrl mina'l-bard or -u- in the first syllable is uncertain. Kaj.'s
id5 ?ndta 'the nlan was frozen to death' statement that thc word originally meant
Kaj. 111 390 ( t o g a r , t0gma:k): x ~ v Muh.(?) 'tiger' is not confirmed by any other authority
camada to:g- Rif. 107 (only): Gag. xv ff. (the evidence in the case of U 1 39, rg/IV 8,
tog- (-, -up. -ar) afstrrda ohlp dog-, sow~ikdan 15 is not conclusive) and is improbable. If it
tog- 'to be frozen' Vel. 223 (quotn.); tog-/ did, it is odd that the Indian word for 'tigress'
togul- (both spelt) (1)j.n.u lrastnn 'to he frozen'; was translated tigl b a r s (a I.-w.) in U 11163,
(2) metaph. sard cua dil-sard judo~t'tu be cold, 4-5; Suw. 609, 17. When not used as a com-
cold-hearted' Son. 1 8 5 ~zr . (quotns.): Xwar. ponent in P.N.s it seems to mean, rather
xiv tog- 'to be frozen' Qutb 186 (t~rg-):Korn. vaguclv, 'hero, outstanding warrior', or the
xrv (of a person) 'to he freezing' tog- CCG; like. N.0.a.b. Cf. togalla, togala:-. Uyg.
Gr.: K I P . xrv fog- ('with -9-) cninnda Id, 65: vrr~ ff. Man. (there were innumerable indi-
xv ditto n t h . 128. 9. viduals) Cligler x a n l a r togalar x[a]t[unj-
I[ar k]unquylar 'kings, xans, great warriors,
t o n - (d-) originally 'to turn back, return', highly placed ladies and consorts' M III 41,
thence 'to turn round (and round), to turn into 5-7 (ii): Bud. A r c u n ~toga 'the hero Arjuna'
(something)', and the like. Specifically Oiuz, IJ I1 24. 6 ; (seeing this, King Cagtana sum-
survives as dKn- in NW ICk.; SW Az., Osm., moned up his courage and plunged fearlessly
d6:n- in 'rkm. O g u z X I 01 evige: t8:ndl: 'he into the midst of the demons) togalar begi
returned (raca'a) to his house' Kaj. III 184 t e g k s a t r ~ kbegler m e g i z megzep (?sic for
(tB:ne:r, t6:nrne:k): xrv Muh. raca'a dKn- merlep) 'like the lord of t h e . . . and resembling
Me/. 15, 12; 26, 9; ton- R;f- 93 (yan- 109); the lord of the warriors (Sanskrit kjatriya)'
taqalfaba 'to turn over, change' dKn- 24, 9 ; U I 39, 15ff.llV 8, 15-17 (in I Miiller
106: Kom. xrv 'to be turned into(something)' translated 'elephants(?)', in I V v. G 'heroes
tun- CCG; Gr. 251 (quotn.): Klp. xrrI ddra (= tigers)'; 'heroes' seems to be correct); I s i g
tnin i'fd'l-qfifa 'to turn, in the sense of turning Edgu T o t o k E r T o g a P.N. Pfahi. 11, rg:
the hack on' d o n - Hou. 40, 6: xrv d 6 n - raca'a Civ. (PU) Yazlr T o g a P.N. of a witness
Id. 50: xv raca'a ( k a y ~ t -and) ton- Tub. 17a. USp. 108, 22; Ogul T o g a ditto r ~ o ,17:
10; 6713. 6 : O s m . xrv ff. don- 'to turn into Xak. XI toga: 'the tiger' (al-babr) that is (the
(something)' in several texts TTS I az4; II animal) which kills elephants; this was the
321; I11 209; xvlrr dKn- in Rlimi, bargaptan original meaning (01-apl); the word remained
'to turn, return'; kbgiil dKn- tahawzuu' pudan among the Turks but its meaning became un-
'to vomit' .Tan. zzgv. zz (quotn.). known (read dalla for ?a110 in MS.), and it is
frequently used as a title (yulaqqab bihi); one
?*tKg- See tiigdi:, rtc. says toga xa:n, toga: tCgi:n, and the like;
*t@- See tilgU1-, tilgiiv-. Afrlsiyab the great king of the Turks was
given the title Toga: Alp E r that is 'the
Dis. DNA heroic man as strong as a tiger' Kay. 111 368;
a.o.0. as a title: K B toga 'hero' and the like
F t a n a 'coriander seed', etc.; no doubt, as is common, particularly as a Vocative at the
Kaf. says, nn Iranian I.-w. and prob. speci- end of a line, c.g. t a p u g k a kBriindiir a y
fically fr. the Pe. form d5na; interesting as e r s i g toga 'make him see his duty, oh brave
showing that foreign initial d- was devoiced hero' 573 ; T o ~ Alp a E r is mentioned as one
in the languages listed below. Uyk. VIII ff. pf the famous Turkish begs 277: x:ri(?) .41.
Civ. (a remedy for nose-bleeding) yag t a n a n l Ali tartilenqi 01 e r s i g toga ' 'Ali the brave
s o k u p 'crush fresh coriander seed' H I 126: hero was the fourth (of the Prophet's com-
UvlArgu: X I tana: al-nllnrlrin 'coriander panions)' 34: x ~ vhfrrh.(?) toga: (with nrin
seed' Kq. 111 236; (under yumga:k) hence written as yd' in the MSS.) translates al-
in U$ al-kuzbara 'coriander seed' is called -qawwi 'strong, hard' (as opposed to 'weak'
yumga:k tana:; I think that tana: is the Pe. kii:$siiz) Rif. 152 (only; in margin, klivliig
word drina for 'a seed' (al-habb); the Turks in text), and ditto(*$ opposed to 'soft' yumqak)
turned i t into Turkish (tarrnknthu) as tana: 153 (only).
I11 44: KIP. xrlr al-lrr'lrc' 'pearl' (yinqii: and)
fana:; its origin is the Pe. word dZna for al- VUD togu: crasis of *ton&: Dev. N./A. fr.
-habba ITor1.3 I , 13: xv !rabbn t a n a Tulr. rzb. I I . ton-; lit. 'stopped up' and the like, actuallv
'deaf'. N.o.a.b., hut NE. Khak. t u n u x 'deai'
D tnnu:- Hap. leg.; Imperat. of tanu:; the is a parallel Pass. Dcv. N./A. Other niodern
phr. quoted seems to mean 'see if I don't', see languages use a wide range nf words, mainly
yarnu:. Kny.'s explanation suggests that he Pe. 1.-w.s, for 'deaf'. Xak. X I togu: a/-u!rti$
did not understand the gran~rnarof the phr.; 'deaf' Kag. 111368: K B ( i f a rnan is dumb he
 11 I S .
can still i r t ~ i ~ i t\\'isd~ln)
i togu I>oIsa t e g r n e z (.711tj;11,q),titliq ( I { $ ) ; N(: Klr. tlnq: I<m.
b i l i g k e e l i g 'rf he hccr)nics deaf, he docs n r ~ t t l n l ? ; S(: CJzh tlnc; hl\I' liaz. t ~ n ~ Iq<;r ~ t r ~
(i.e, cannot) stretch out 111shand to knowledge' tiny H 111 1316 tf.; I<k., Iiulnyk, Nog. t i n i g ;
1016. S W Az., Osnl. clinc; Tkm. tllnq. LJyg.
~ I I ff. I Ilud. USp. 100, 4 (enq): q a g . xv tt.
Dis. V . D N A -
t l n q dint . . . d i y l ~ n n ~~lm'rrrisrrrn
rj 'I-cstinp, nt
tnnu:- this V. prrscnts sr)rllc dilliculties, since rcst' Vel. 107 (quotn.); (111s(-pelt) risrido
it is hard to rcc<>ncileits varrous nlcanings; rvn <irrinri(irr 'at rcst' Snn. zozr, Z I (cluotn.):
there I I I : I ~ 111 fact have bren two alrnost ( X w a r . XI^ tlliqllk 'quiet, peace' Qrrrb 193):
I ~ ~ ~ r l l o ~ , hV.s, ~ ~ ~tanu:-
l ~ ~ u (; d - ) 'to sugpest, K o m . s t v 'rr.;r, ~.csti~ip' tlnc; f'C(:; (;r.: KIO.
r<.c.or~ln~en~i, cli.;crt<s', and t h r likc, and tam:- XI!, ~ I I ('\vith
I ~ -qq) ?t~rt?foriIr lest' !(I. 06 :
( t - ) 'to he acqrla~nted with (srrlneonc)', the Osm. u ~ r clinq , ( k N .tllr~qllk)':st I-?st' In ~ X V I I
I:ltter not noted before XV. ?'hi< ic supported t r s t s 7'7's I1 301-2,
by the fact that there are in S W Az., Osm.,
l'km. t a m - 'to I I ~ acquainted with', and
tan]$- 'to he acquainted with one another'
and in AT., Osm. (hut not '11111. ?) d a n l g - 'to
consult one another, discuss'. 'I'he latter is
pec. to S\V, ttie fonner s.i.a.m.1.g. See t a n u k VU?I) t o n y : 'a gohl>ct or lump', of tncat,
'witness'. X a k . xr o l m a g a : so:z tanu:dl: earth, and the Ilke. N.c~.a.h.See y e r t i n q u . 'l't~e
oru'ozn ilnyyo koldrn 'he rnadc a suggestion e\~idcrrcepoints stronyly towards -a- in the
to me'; also used for omso 'to recommend, first syllable, hut the ~ilainentry in Kos. has
command' K ~ J111 . 273 ( t a n u : ~ tanu:ma:k):
, - 0 - and the word perhaps occurs once in this
Cap,. xv ff. t a n t - finsxton 'to recognize, hc form in IJyg. Civ. 'l'hc s u g p c s t i ~ ~inn TT I I I ,
acquainted with (someone)' Son. 162r. l o p . 26, footnote 5 , that this in a 1)ev. N. in -u:
; in 161 v. 33 it is pointed out that rnny \veil be risht altl1ough the sl~gpcstcd
V'lTns.
el. s tr;rnslntions of t a n - ( - d l , etc.) by bit- 'to etynlulogy o f t a n q ~ a 1 : l - , q . v . , is p r o t ~ . 311
know' are an crror, but somc genuine fornls elror, but there is no other tracc of *tanq-.
of t a m - bil- are listed In Vet. 178-9): X w a r . U y g . V I I I ff. Uud. U I11 37, 26 ('a lump of
x ~ vt a m - 'to knorv, come t o know (someone)' earth'. iilug); TM IV 253, 63 ((if flesh, o s u l - ) :
Qlrtb 170: K o m . rrv 'to k11o\v, recognize Civ. y e t i t n n y o 'seven lunips' (of raw and
(someone)' t a n l - CCI, CCG; Gr.: K l p . srrl cooked rncnt) 7'7' 1/11 24, y ; 25, 10; (a sound
jrimnra 'to consult' ta:n- (sic) Horr. 41, 7 : X I V rosc from the brown earth) t o n q u d a k l (sic)
t a n - (sic) ista'~lono'to aslc for permission' (in ... .
k u t r u l t i 'the . . in the clods(?) wcre
one hlS. glossed fd:cnrrr) fd. 66: r v 'alima wa liberated' 7'7' I 91-2: X a k . xr tanqu:
'orojo 'to know' (inter nlia) { n ~ i l -Tirh. zgh. 10. (vocalized torrytr:) ot-Iirqr~m'a pobhct' I 417;
tanqu: 111-lrrqnm I1 I h ( k e v - ) ; III 392 (sigiir-) :
1> teg2:- ( d - ) Den. V. fr. 1 t e g ; 'to value X I V iIlrrlr.(?) lirqnro tanqu: Rif 165 (only; MS.
(something Acc., at srirnrthing Dot.)'. Pec. tanlzr~~?~).
to At.: cf. te9le:-. X a k . xrli(?) At. b i l i g l i g
hiti111 h i l i g s i z m i g i n t e g e g l i t e g e d i bilig- V U D ? I ; tigci: See sa:vqr: (Uyg.).
n i r ~tegin 'he estimated the value of know-
ledge hy valuing a thousand ignorant people F t l g q a n I.-rv. fr. Clii~iesctPt~,ychort 'I~rrlp
at (the value of) one \vise man' 97--8; a.o. 498. ho\vl' (Gilrr 10,864 300). N.o.a.11. U,ye.
vrrr If. Civ. (ill n list of :~rticlesissucd to mrlous
1) t o m : - See t o n a t - , etc. iridi\i~lunls) hlr tr!)qan y a g 'IIT~C In~np
1) tiine:- (11-) Den. V. fr. t u n ; s.i.s.m.1. in all ) ll.Sp. 91, I I i11111 20.
l ~ m \ I ( i ~nf~ loil'
groups, usually for 'to spend the night'. X a k .
xr o l m e n d e : tune:&: 'he spent the night n i s . v. DNC-
.
(hd~tr . . ln!tn(~r)) with nic' Kay. III 273 \'U t1nc;l:- 'to I><., o r heco~nc,putrid; to s n ~ e l l
( t u n e x , 1iine:me:k): K H keqe y a t t l a n d a
tiinedl s e r i p 'he lay down in the late evening foul'. 'l'here is some doubt ~ihout the first
and s p e ~ i t the night there rndurinp (dis- vo\\-el; in the main entry, it is shown twice as
-I- and once unmarked: in I1 281, 12 it is
coinfort)' 489; (everything that descends -0-1-U- but perhaps only because the.word
rises, that rises descends) y a r u g l l t u n e r 'that rhymes with y u n p : - ; in 111 303. 11 it is
brightens pets darker' (that moves comes to
-I-, hut a philological note is added in which
rest) 1049 (so read for trmclr in text): X I V Rbf.
it is giren as - a - ; and in tllc Co-op. f. it is
t u n e y u r 'it hecornes dark' R I11 I 549: X w a r .
three times piven as -a-. N.0.a.D. X a k . X I
srv t u n e - (of a mirror) 'to tarnish' MN 252; e t t1nqt:cli: 'the meat putrefied, smelt bed'
'to spend the night' ~Vokc.71, 7; 3 m , 8: KIP. (asmtln) K N ~ 111 . 276 ( t i n p r , tlnq1:ma:k);
xrv tiine- hcifrr Id. 43.
II 2 8 1 (! t a t ~ k - ) ;(in a verse) e r d e m eti:
Dis. DNU t l n q l d ~: the flcsh of pond brceding and virtue
pi~trcfied'(rrp~tlrr!. . . tanqadl:, its origin u.as
I: t e n b i n See t e m b i n . t n n ~ g a : d ~hut
: thc -2-wnr on~ittc<lowing
to the eaipencics of the rnetre; this is in the
&Ion. IINC Oguz and Kip. Ia~ipungesper~nissiblc(cd'iz)
1) tlnq (d-) Dev. N./A. fr. t l n - ; 'rest, repose; because they cliite medial - R - in nouns nnd
at reqt, resting'. Survi\es iri SIX 'l'iirki t i n c vrrljs nlikr 111 303, I I ff. (this reelns to he
 D I S . \'
corrupt, there is nn other tracc o f linal -a:- way this old world works, that I S its tradi-
in this Vcrh). tional custotn) k e r e k i i ~ d i tutg11 k e r e k
t o g d i s i 'cither accept its traditional custom
V U D t o n q u k - ( d - ) Intrans. I l e r ~ . \'. fr. o r take the opposite' 1547, 4720.
*ton$ I>cv. N. fr. t o n - , cf. t t n q ; rrgardinl:
thc first vowcl scc t o n - . Survi\.cs in N E Bar. Dis. V. D N D -
t u n z u k - ; sirr t u n q u k - R I11 1442; 'l'uv.
d u m q u k - / t l u n ~ u I c - ; N C I<zx. t u n ~ u k - K I) t a n u t - Cauc. f. of tanu:-, q.v.; u-ith variouq
I11 1442; tun$lfi- &IM 371 'to I)r sufiocatcd'. meanings. S.i.m.m.1.g. as t a n l t - , properly 'to
X a k . S I e r i ~ ~ ~ q ~ ~ k l ~ : j t i ~ 11nlld a ' l - make
t ~ n ~lo?tr r ~ ~ ~(someone)
iI acquainted with (someonc
ynqdir oti fntrtl/joro 'the ninn wac covered u p so else),' lrut also 'to make (something) known'.
that he could not breathe'; and one says X a k . sr 01 m a g a : so:z t a n u t t l : amnrani bi-
s u g u r t o n ~ r l k t l : 'the marmot entered his -i$ci'i'l-kaliini li-kaj'ri 'he ordcred me t o convey
burrow for the winter and will not emerge the comtnand (or recommendation) to some-
until the spring'; also uscd of any animal one else' Kag. I1 312 ( t a n u t u : r , t a n u t m a : k ) :
with a similar habit KO$.I1 227 ( t o n q u k a : r , Gag. xv ff. t a n l t - Caus, f. jincisdndan 'to
t o n q u k m a : k ) : X w a r . X I V t o n q u k - 'to faint, make acquainted' Son. rhzv. 2 (quotns.).
lose consciousness' Qrrtb 186: O s m . x ~ v - x v ~ VUD t e g i t - Hap. lep.; Caus. f. of teg-, q.v.;
d u n c u k - (rarcly t u n c u k - ) 'to bc suffocated'; in the MS. the first vo\vel is -e- everywhere.
fairly comnlon T T S 11325; 111212; I V 2q6. X a k . X I e r o k l n tegitti: 'the man launched
?E tanqga:- See tlnq1:-. (0'15) his arrow upwards in the direction of the
sky' Kas. I11 396 (tegitu:r, tegitrne:k, cor-
V U D tlnqlq- flap. leg.; Co-op. f. of tlnq1:-, rected fr. -ma:k).
q . v . ; spelt fnnyrg- in the &IS. X a k . X I etle:r D t o n a t - (d-) Caus. f. of tona:- Den. V. fr.
k a m u e tlnqlgdl: 'the piecrs of meat all to:n. Tona:-, which is not noted in Turkish
putrefictl' (a$nl/nf) I<ng. I1 217 ( t i n q ~ g u : r , before xi7, c a i . Son. rR5v. 7, but was old
t:nqigma:k). enough to become a xllr 1.-w. in Rlonp. as
tono- (I3arnisch I ~ I ) ,could etymologically
T r i s . V. DNC have two opposite meanings 'to put clothes
?E t a n q g a l a - l t a n q k l l a - this V. has been on (oneself o r someone else)' and 'to strip
read in the two passages below, and it was clothes off (ditto)'. T h e two early occurrences
suggested in TT I I I , p. 26, footnote 5, that it is are both in the latter sense, and the V. survives
a Freq. f. in - g a l a - of *tanq-. Such Freq. f.s for 'to rob' as t o n a - in NE Khak., N C Kzx.
d o exist in some modern languages, but seem and t o n o - in Ktr., and as t o n n a - ( ?for t o n l a - )
t o be unknown in UyR. 'I'hcre can be l ~ t t l e in T u v . , hut N E $or t o m - means 'to dress
doubt that this is merely tanqu:la:- mis- oneself'. Most of these urords have a Caus. f.
transcribed. U y R vrrl ff. Bud. s a n s i z u k u $ X a k . xr 01 rneni: t o n a t t i : 'he dressed m e in
t ~ n l s g l a r ~agz i g l a r ~iize t a n q g a l a y u (read a garnicnt (nll~osani'l-{nncb)as a gift from him-
t a n q u l a y u ) i i l u r u p 'killing innutnerable self' Kap. 11 312 (tonatu:r, t o n a t m a : k ; its
people and tearing thcm to pieces with their origin is to:n ~ p t r :'he sent him a garnient'):
fangs' U I 45, 17-18/11' 10, 71-2; (the dying Osm. xlv ff. d o n a t - (occasionally t o n a t - )
man loses consciousness) iiz d r l n i n t a n q k r - ( I ) 'to dress, fit out (someone)'; (2) 'to cover
l a y u r (read t a n q u l a y u r ) 'tears his own lips to with abuse'; (3) 'to equip' (e.g. a ship); fairly
pieccs' T T I I I , p. 26, notc 5, 1. 12. common T7.S 1 2 1 8 ; III 205; I V 237.
1) tanqu:la:- U c n . 1 '
. ir. tanqu: 'to tcnr to D ttinet- (d-) Caus. f. of tune:-; 'to put
pieces, masticate', etc. N.0.a.b. IJyg. vlrl ff. (someone) up for the night'. S.i.s.m.1. in this
Ilud. (the woman . . .) y a v u r u a g z l n t a t a n - meaning. X a k . xr 01 k o n u k u g evde: tiinetti:
q u l a p 'secretly masticatinn (various drugs?) 'he put u p (nbhta) the guest in the house for
i n her mouth' U I I I 85,18 (and see t a q q g a l a - ) : the night' KO$.I1 312 ( t u n e t u : r , ttinetme:k):
X a k . xr e r e t m e : k tanqu:la:d~: the man x111(?) At. tiinetiir t u n i i g n i kiiniig k d t e r i p
chewed (nladoin) bread' (etc.) KO$. I11 352 'he makes your night dark, taking away your
( t a n q u : l a : r , tanqu:Ia:ma:k): K B 4601 (uv- sun (or day?)' 15: Trf. hhiakkanl t u n e t t i 'he
$a:k). spent the night in Alecca' 318.
Dis. D N D D togit- (togid-) n.0.a.b. but see t o g t a - ; for
U tiigdi: pec. to Kas.; n~orphologyobscure, the etymology see togdi:; as the Caus. f.
as in the case of ogdl:; conlparison with t o g d e r - means 'to invert' and the like this
t o g r e : suagests that it is a Den. N.; t o g i t - is V. is presumably Intrans. meaning 'to bow
at first sight a Caus. f. of *tog-, b u t its Caus. f. down, bend down, move downwards', and the
t o g d e r - suggests that it was originally *togid- like, b a g i n i n the quotns. below being in
and also a Den. formation; on the other hand the Insfr. and not the Acc. with Poss. Suff.
togiip- is clearly the Co-op. f. of *tog-. U y g . vrrr ff. Bud. T P 19, 4 (1 bav): X a k . xl
Neithcr *tog nor *tog- have survived, and e r b a g l n togitti: the man lowered (fa'la'a)
it is possible that originally both existed in his head' (etc.) KO$. 111 396 (togitu:r.
parallel cf. t l n l t ~ n - , togltog-. T h e basic t 6 g i t m e : k ; spelt tdviit- everywhere): KB
mcaning in any event is 'opposite, upside y d t l g e n kiitiirdi y a n a b a g o r i i t o g i t t i y a n a
down'; and the like. X a k . X I KB (that is the y ~ l d r l ka d g ~ nr a r u 'the Great Bear raised its
 D I S . V.
hcacl upwards apain; I'rocyon(?) and Sirius(?) ( ? ) mdifa nl-hdb 'to shut a door' k a r t g (VU)
ninvcd downwardr again' 6220. t o n d u r - Itif. 109 ( o n l ~ -tri'
; utivocnl~zed).
I togta- has hecn read in the pascage below I ) t o g d e r - Caus. f. of togit-; 'tc~turn (sornc-
hut certainly niistranslntcd. 'I'lic letters to and thing) over, to invert', and the like. In UyR.
!my are quite clear, the slim lcttcr between the word is consistently spelt t o g t a r - (or
tlirri~ is not. It cannot he a front -r-/-J- t o ~ d a r - )althouph tiiglt- had front vowels in
as I~aclloticripinnlly s~rgpestcd,both hecnusr that langrla~c and thin 1'. has front voarls
it \vould hc out of place here and because everywhere else. Survives with the same mean-
thcre is no known V. tosat-/togat-. Malov's ings in NC Klr. t o g k o r - ; Kzx. tiigker-; S C
1959 rcadinp tokto- is impossible bcith Uzh. t t t n k a r - : N\l' IZaz. t i i n t e r - ; I<k. tiig-
1~eca11sc thcrc is no room for -k- and becailse k c r - ; Nag. tiigter-; S I V 'I'krn. tlilnder-.
toktn- is a Rlnnp. I.-~v.which did not occur {lye. V I I I ff. h,Ian. A1 I1 13. 5 (tlk-): 1311d. U
in 'Turkish hefore X I I I at rarliest. T h e oh- I 1 4, 1 0 ( a g t a r - ) ; T T C'III A.5 (ugug):
vir~uscourse is to rrad it as togtt- and take Xok. X I o l aya:k togtlcrtll: 'he inverted
it as an alternative form with back vowels (qolnbn) the bowl' (ctc.) Kq.1 I l l 397 ( t 6 r ~ d e -
of tiigit- parallel to the LJyR. foml wit11 rUr, tii9derme:k) : X I V Mrrh.(?) oqlnba'l-!omh
hack vowels of tngcler-. Tiirkii V I I I (when I 'to turn a garment inside out' tiindlir- (sic)
ascended thc thrnnr tllc 'I'urkij people, who R([. 104 (only): Gag. xv ff. tiigtcr- (spell)
were expecting to die soon) n g i r i p s e v i n i p rciijpiit hnrdnn 'to invert' Son. 1116r. 21
togltmlg kozi: yugerii: kortl: 'rejoicing and ((~llotlls.).
being glad raiard their downcnst eycs and
looked up' I I E 2. Trls. V. DNII-
D t t n d u r u l - IIap. leg, ?; Pass. f. of t l n d u r - ;
I> t a n t u r - Caus. f. nf ta:n-; survives in sornc 'to he allowed (or ordered) to rcst'. UyR.
of the same languages. X a k . SI o l m a g a : vlrr ff. Dud. (hy the powerful iriflucnce of t h ~ s
a l i m ~ ntan turd^: nr/mrlnni'l-do>* 'he made dl~ll~-n!ri . . .) n l k u a n $ u l a y r ~k e l m i g l e r Bze
(or allowed) nle to tlisclaim his deht' Kay. I 1 t t n d u r u l m a k ~b o l u r 'being nllo\vcd to rest
176 ( t a n t u r u r , tantur1na:k). by all the Tnthlgatns comes into existence'
11 1 1 46, 63-5 (Muller points out that the
VLTD tegtiir- Iiap. leg.; Caus. f. of teg-. q . ~ . : translation is inexact, the Chinese original has
the fd' is vocalized with domnto in the Perf. 'the abstruse meaning (of the doctrine) will
and fot!rn elsexvliere. X n k , X I o l k u $ t e n - be constantly and exhaustively explained to
tiirdl: ozcnlo hi'l-!oyr ma bi'l-nab1 'he set the thcrn').
hird, or the arrow, in motion' Kay. I I I 397
( t e ~ t u r i i r ,t e g t i i r m c k ; cf. the translation 11 tiigtlerll- Pass. f. of tiigdw-, q.v. for the
of tegiir-). UyR. spelling. N.o.a.b. l J y g . vlirff. Bud.
noted only in thc phr. a g t a r ~ l ut o g d a r l l u
1) t r n d u r - (d-) Caus. f. of 1 t l n - ; survives in SIIW.133, 21 etc. (agtarll-): (Xak.) X I I I ff.
snnic of the sanie languages, usually meaning 7bf. toyderll-lt8gterll- 'to he overturned'
'tn causc to rcst'. U y g . V I I I ff. Bud. (the
prince led thc old puidc to an island) 6 t r i i 309.
t l n t u r g a l t s a k l n t l 'and thcn thought that he DIS. DNC;
worrld Ict hirri rest' PI>36, 8; b i t iidiin 6 t h -
m e z t t n t u r m a z e m g e t l r l e r (the pains of 1) ~ R I J L)ers.
I ~ N. fr. t a g - ; 'constriction'. See
hell) 'tvrture hini without abating or letting tagla. UyR V I I I ff. Hud. s t k @ tag19 'pres-
hini rrst for a moment' TT V I 446-7; a.0. sure and constriction' 3rc n ~ e n t i ~ n eind U I I
7'T ,Y 95 (d;l~n;lgcd): Xnk. XI 01 m e n t : 11, 7, together with grief, anxiety, pain', etc.
t ~ n d u r d i :nrrqnroniJi'l-rdJrn mn ornrrrmani 'he as among the incvitahle conscquenccs of
allowed m e to rcst and released me from work'; being horn; tiirt t u g u r n l u g k t s a g t a g a g d a
its origin is the word t ~ : n d ~tnnqffnsa : 'he (sir) 'in the imprisonment and constrictiori
breathed' k-or. I I 176 (no Aor. or Tnfn.): of thc fnur kinds of rebirth' T T I V , p. 15,
S w a r . slv (VC) ttttdur- 'to pacify, allow ti, footnote, 1. 5 .
rest' Quth 193; tindiir(-gil) 'to bring (a boat)
D t a n u k 'a witness'(to astatement, document, I
tn rest' Nahc. 378, 14. ctc.); survives as t a n ~ kin this sense in NW '.'
S t o g t a r - See togder-. Kaz.; SW Oam. and meaning 'mark, sign' in
NE Khak.; SC Uzh. As the initial is con-
\'LWJ t o n d u r - Caus. f. of ton-. q.v. regarding sistently t - in Osm. the connection seems to
the first \-o\vcl. St~rvivcsas tunclur- in several he with t a m : - q.v.. in the sense of 'to he
XI.: langilages and NC I<lr., Kzx. hut the acquainted with', and it is therefore a Dev.
semantic connection with the latter is dubious. N. in - k (Active) nor - u k (Pnssivc). T i i r k i i
In Knr. the \vord is listed among V.s with -d- V I I I ff. Man. Igld kigi t a n u k i b o l t u m u z
as the penultimate letter, but spelt in the MS. e r s e r 'if we have become witnesses for a liar'
with - t - . X a k . X I o t a n i g kii:zin t o n d u r d l : Chrros. lot-2: UyR. V I I I ff. Civ. all contracts
(fniltirrd;:) 'the drug made his eye shut' (@u!td in IISp. and elsewhere cnd with the s i ~ n a t u r e s
oyi~nhrr);also IISCLInf a n \ - t h i i i ~wliich co\'ers of ~ I I I C or hoth pnrtics R I I ~sonlr '~vitr~esses'
( ~ l rrr>ncenls, sninm) noli~ethin~:Kny. I I 176 drsrrilied os t a n u k : Xnk. sr t n n u k 01-$ahiri ,
( t o n d u r u r , t o n d u r m e : k ; -I-, - I - ) : XIV A4rrh. 'witness' l<ny. I 380; a.o.o.: KB t k i i t g e n
520 DIS.
Knl. 1 4 0 8 : X a k . S I K B b u d u n y a t i i n e k 01 long since 11ecn dispro\ecl) I r k B 47: Man.
'thrs world is a prison' 5423: X I V Mrrh. (in the u z u n tnnlui: Chtmr. 117: UyR. vlrrff.
list o f I>utldinp$)nl-11nhs 'prison' tii:ne:k hid. 3lan.-A e r l i u z u n t o n l u k l l 'a man and R
76, ; mlj. 179. ivoman' il/I I 10, r 5-16; yiirlig t o n l u g 'wear-
ing whitr clothes' 1l.I 111 30, 10-11: Bud.
PI!I) teggiiq Ilap. ley.; the first entry in a u z u n t o n l u g USp. 104, 8-9: Civ. ditto T T
Itct o f \\.nrds containing four consonants of 1'11 26, r ; 37, 5 : ( X a k . ?) xrv AItrh. (in the
nhich the second is - 0 - hut spelt in error granitnntical scction) dii tncch 'clothrd' to:nllfi/
ir.~rqiir;N.1. fr. tcg-, n ~ c a n i n glit. 'snnlethiny t o n l ~ khlc!, l o , 0 ; to:nlu: do. lo, r r ; t o : n l u g
which rises in the a ~ r ' .X e k . xr teggiig 1:ttll Rif. 83.
gay' mrtrfnfi' qndr nisf dirti* naliru a!tifiiI-qidr
ru'zQnyrihi 'anythinp which stands to the height 1) to:nluk ( d - ) A.N. (Cnnc. N.) fr. to:n;
of half a cr~hitlike a tripod for a cooking pot. ' s r ) ~ n e t h i nconncctcd
~ with clothing', normally
etc.' Koj. 111381. 'an allowance for the purchase of clothing'.
Survives in S\V Osm. donlrrk; 'I'kni. do: n l u k ;
lllfI: deg$e:l Ilap. IcK.: d</ unvocalizccl; in a 1.-\\,, in I'c., sce Dncrjrr I1 990. X a k . X I
the same list of words containing four cnn- f i q . II I r ( k ~ s - ) ;n.1n.c.: Klp. xrv ciimnkiyn
sonants o f xvhich the second is -9- as teggeq 'wages' (lit. 'clothing allorvance') (1) d o n l u k
under the heading -L, hut like it w. only one (sic) nli1. 6, r 3 .
ktij. T h e d - indicates a I.-w., prob. Iranian. 1)t e g l i g P.N./A. fr. 1 t e g ; 'equal to; eqr~ahle'
X a k . X I de0ge:l nl-kn'brrm 'a knuckle; a knot and the like. Survives in SW Osm. d e n t i l l
in a (corn) stslk' Kag. 111384. denli. Uyi:. v ~ r rff. Ili~tl.(if a rnan knows) b i r
p a d a k g a t e g l l g n o m 'as much (Buddhist)
Dis. V. D N G - doctrine as a single verse' (Sanskrit I.-\\,.) U
11 t e g g e r - Hop. Icg.; 'I'rans. Ilen. V. fr. I11 29, 16; neqe t e g l i g 'how rea at' (is the
1 t e g ; in a list of V. w. four consonants, the strength in the Iluddhas' hodies?) do. 73, 2 ;
second -9-. writter~tfrrger- but w. traces of a a.o. T T X 345; mags t e g l i g k l s i g 'a woman
togdid over the -,r-. Cf. tegle:-. X a k . SI bi:r like mc' T T X 491); S;tnskkrit sopekirI!ri
ne:g bi:rke: teggerdi: '&inla boynn'l-jny'ayn 'cquippcd with tranrlulllity'(?) birle: te:v-
'he equated (or balanced) the two thinas' Kn$. 1lgle:r T T V I I I A.zr ; trbehrci 'tranquillity'
111398 (teggerii:r, teggerme:k). t e g l l g ( ? for t e g l i k ) do. 34: (Xak.) X I I I ( ?
Tef. a n q a t e g l i g 'as much as that'; m u n r a
Dis. D N L t e g l l g 'as much as this' 2119.
I) tag11 Ilap. leg.; Pass. Ilev. N./A. fr. t a g - ; (D) tiigliik 'the smoke-hole of a tent', hence,
lit. 'corded' or the like. X a k . xr tag11 k e y i k by extension, 'wit~dow' arid the like; syn. w.
ol-zab.vr1'1lndifi yndayhi xrtti?, 'a gazelle with tiigii:nuk, q.v., which is older; morphu-
striper1 legs'; also used of other (striped) logically ohscurc, an A.N. (Conc. N.) fr.
t h ~ n g sKO!. 111366. " t u g which may ultitnatcly be conncctcd
I) tagla: See 1 t a g ctytnoloqically with tiigu:niik. Survives in
stlch NE fo~n~i.; as t i i n d i i k l t i i n n u k ; SE 'I'ar.
U tiinle: Scc tiin. tiigtiik; 'I'iirki t i i ~ l i i k ;NC litr. t i i n d i i k ;
Kzx. t u n d i k ; I.-w. in I'c. and other foreign
11 t r n l ~ f iP.N./.A. fr. tnn; 'a living creature', Innpuajies, see Dnerfrr I1 988. UyR. xrv
hu~iiano r animal, as opposed to an inanimate Chin.-UJ~. Llict. '\vindo~v'tiigliik 1 . i ~ ~271 ti ;
nhjcct; a standard Bud. technical term, h u t R III 1545: X a k . X I tiinliik nl-krrrrmn 'a
not ;I Rloslern one. N.o.n.b. T H r k i i vrnr ff. dorlrier window' ICa?. I11 383; o.o. II 18, I ;
;\Inti. beg t i i r l u g t1t111g 'Jive kinds of living 120, 23 ( 1 b:l!; 111 127 (2 t0:g): X1V
creatl~rcs' Chrms. 58-9; do. 86, ctc. ( t u r a l ~ g ) ~l-lulr.(?)mrozann dorrner window' tii:glii:k
a.o.o. U y a . vrrl ff. iZIan. a m a r c t ~ n l l g l a r R<f. 179 (onl!.): Grrfi, xv iT. tiioliik 'a window
'sonie living creatures' T T I11 9 2 ; a.0.o.: Bud. (rorrzn~m)in the top of a nomads' tent which
t ~ n l ~ jisi . v e n comnlon; often used correctly they closr in cold and rain and open to let out
(or 'livinp creature', hut in many passages w. the smoke when they light a fire' Vrl. 223
the more restricted mennine 'human hrinc': (quotns.); t i i g l u k (sprlt) roruzona-i .xiitto Son.
(Xak.) w r ( ? ) KBI'P a q l n k o g r n a z h a r g i z 187r. 15 (quotns.): X w a r . xrlr(?) (the walls
l t a m u g t r n l ~ f y g'he never leaves any living of the house mere gold) t u g l u k l a r l (sic) d a k l
crcature hunpry' 5: xrrr(?) KRPP k a m u g k i i r n i i ~ d i i n'and its windows of silver' 0.e.
t n n l ~ R l n r k nriizl b e r g e n 'giving their daily 249: xrv t i i n l i i k / t u g l u k 'smoke hole, dormer
fond to all living creatures' 3: xrv Mrrh. nl- window' Qirlh 190; tiigliik Nnhc. 19, 12; 43,
-1toynocin 'living creature' (opposite to 'inani- 6 : KIP. s ~ vtiinliik duwrtr'l-qd'o 'an upper
mate' &le:t) t1:nllg &Id. 45, 6 ; Rif. 158. storey of a hoirse' Id. 40: xv rawfnn 'dornier
1) t o n l t g (d-) P.N.:A. fr. t o m ; 'clothed; \vindo\\z' ( b a c a : in niargin in second hand)
having . . . clothes'. Survives in some NE tiinliik Trrh. 17a. 2 ; fohbdk 'latticc \\.indow'
languages \v. phonetic changes. T i i r k i i V I I I tiigliik lirh. I r a . 12.
y a l l g b o d u n ~ gt o n l ~ gk l l t t r n 'I clothed the
naked' I E 29, II B 23 ; vrI! A. ?zu:n tonlu:g D i s . V. D N L
scaring lonp clothes'. 1.e. woman' (the I> t a g ~ l -I'nss. f. of t a g - : 'to he bound, con-
oripinnl theory that this meant 'monk' has stricted', and the like. S.i.q.m.l. U y g . vltr ff.
 D I S . V. D N L
I3u~l. k l s ~ l u rt a g l l ~ r r e r s e r l e r 'so long as t a g n a - ; SW Osm. tagla-, and for 'to pick
thcy ate imprisoned and constricted' (in the out, choose', with some extended rncaninp
irnl~risonment and constrictions r ~ f the four in NC Kzx. t a g d a - ; N W I<k., Kun1)-k, NOK.
kinds of rehirth) T T I V , p. I S , footnote, 1. 5 t a g l a - ; in these latter languages and N C Klr.
(see tagrg); Slrv. 586, 14 (srkll-)-this word 'to be surprised' is t a g l a n - l t a g d a n - . U y g .
has hcen rcail tryil- and translated 'to descend' V I I I ff. hlan.-A [gap] t a ~ l a y u r m e n 'I am
(I in a phr, trnnscrihed ilkisla s a n s a r d a berii surprised' AI I 37, 23; t a g l a p do. 21 title:
hPq a j u n iqlnde aga tegile 1'7' I V 4, 1;) ff. Man. 'I'okharian dkiihe 'wonderful' tagla-
r'winp to a supposed antithesis to a g - 'to r ~ s e ' ; g u l u k 7'7' I X 38: Bud. r n u q a d l p t a g l a p
the phr. obviously means 'being. . . constricted 'being disturbed and astonished' U 11172, 22;
within the five forms of existence since (the TT X 21; Suu. 604, I ; k 6 r k l e r i n t a ~ l a p
hcgirining of) the immemorially old chain of 'admiring (or being surprised by) their beauty'
rehirths (Sanskrit samsdrn)'; a g a , too, seems to PP 43, 3 ; a.o. do, 71, 3 (1 1:r): X a k . X I e r
I I : $ I ~ t a g l a : d ~ : ra'accaba'l-racul mina'l-amr
he n mistranscription either for a k a 'flowing'
(we a k - , the word has a technical Buddhist 'the man was surprised hy the affair' KAJ. III
meaning) or perhaps a f i ( ~ ) r'grievol~sly':X a k . 403 (tagla:r, tag1a:rna:k): KB (when you
X I taryldr: ba:? translated 'nfaha'l-rocrilra'sohu closerl your eyes) iiziim t a g l a d ~ m'I was sur-
'the man wrapped his head' (in a turban, etc.); prised' 648: X I I I ( ? )Tef. ditto 285: x ~ vRbg.

!
iI also used of anything that is tied fast urith
a cord (jr~ddabi-say!) Knj. 111395 (tagiIu:r,
tng11ma:k).
01 n i i r n l t a g l a p h a y r 5 n k a l d ~ 'he was
astonished by that light' R III 8 1 I ; Mrili.(?)
tn'occaba ta:gla:- Rif. 106 (only): F a g . xv ff.

i
tanka- (-p. - m l ? ; sic) temjizet-.farq ma'ndsina;
I ) t a n u l - I'ass. f. of tnnu:-, cl.v., in this sense ogla- bil-; i.vtiydr et- 'to distinguish; to under-
IIap. leg., hut tanrl- 'to he known', etc. stand, know; to choose' I'd. 179 (quotn.; the
s.i.m.m.l. X a k . xr a g a : r sii:z tanuldl: li'iza second meaning due to confusion with tanu:-);
I (MS. in error ara'azo) ilayhi'l-hnldm 'the tagla- rarzanii hardan wn fa'n z a tarchix 'to
statement usas suggested to him' Kai. 11 130 blame, reproach', TZ1i'-i I h m m i ' s translation
(tnnulu:r, tanulma:k). bicidan corrected Su72. 1 6 2 ~ 27 . (the correc-
tion is just, the \c,ord was mistaken for tag-,
D t l n ~ l -(d-) Hap. leg.; Pass. f. (used only but Sun.'s own translation is false and ap-
Itnpersonally) fr. 1 t ~ n - . X a k . X I e r n g e k t i n parently a mere guess; quotns.); t a n l a -
t r n i l d ~ :usfnriIta mina'l-ti~ilznnwn'l-'and' 'there (spclt) bar-gi~zidan ma in/i.r*b hnrdan 'to
was a respite from pain (Hend.)'. This Verb choose, select' do. 163r. 16 (quotns.): X w a r .
is Impersonal (md lam yusamrn fd'ilrihri mina'l- xIrr dagla-/tagla- 'to be surprised, to wonder'
-fiTli'l-18zim); there nre many similar ones 'Ali 29, j r : xlv t a g l a - ditto Qrctb 170: Korn.
in this language; no Impersonal V. can be xrv 'to he surprised, to wonder' t a g l a - ; 'to
derived from an Intrans. V. in Ar., but there choose' t a g l a - CCI, C C G ; Gr. 234 (quotn.):
arc many in Turkish, for example evke: KIP. xlrr ta'accnha t a n l a - IIori. 38, 19: xlv
bar11dt: 'there was a nlovelncnt into the house' tagla- ('with -9-') ditto id. 65: s v 'aciba 'to
and t a : g d ~ nBnildl: 'there was a desccnt from wonder' tngln- Trih. 26a. 13: O s m . xrv ff.
thc mountain' Kaj. I I 130 (tlnllur, tlnll- t a g l a - (occasi~)nailydagla-) 'to be surprised.
ma:k). to wondcr'; c.i.a.p. TTS I 178; II 259; III
1 -1) tiiniil-
" -
Pass. f. of *tun-
~ -" :'tol,edisannointed.
, L .
'68; I V '9O.
clissillusioncd; to d e ~ p a i r ,give u p hope (of
sr~nicthing,Ah/.)'. Survives as tiigil-ltiigiil-, D teg1e:- (d-) Den. V. fr. 1 t e g ; 'to equate,
same mcanlncs, in NC I<ir., I<zx.; N W Kk., weigh, cornpare', and the like. S.i.m.m.1.s.;
Nog. X a k . xr e r I:$tln tiigU1dl: 'the man In SW 'l'km. d e g l e - ; Osm. denkle- is dis-
despaired (ayisn) of the affair' Koj. I11 395 tc~rted by a supposed connection with I'e.
(nr) Anr. or Infin.); a t t i n e m d i : s e n tii:gii:l dong which is a I.-iv. fr. 1 terJ Cf. tegger-.
(ric) 'now give u p (any hope of getting) the IJyg. V I I I ff. hid. k a m a g s u t u r l a r l g teule-
horse' I 74, 19: K B b u q t i n tiigul 'give u p m e k at112 iilgii 'the criterion called "u-ei~h-
this affair' 1195; o.o., salne meanlng, 1.~20, ina all the stlfrns"' Iliien-IS. 1833: X a k . xi
201 I , 2121, 3793, 4612, 4792: KIP. xv jla'isa
bi:r ne:q bi:rke: teg1e:di: 'ndala baynn'l-
ini~ta'l-ya'r'to despair of' tiigiil- 'I'uh. 39a. 11 -~ay'ayn 'he balanced the two thinps' Kaf.
(in margin in seconcl hand tiigiil-). 111 403 (tegle:r, teg1e:me:k); (the Chinese
emperor has a great deal of silk brocade. hut)
I> 1 tagla:- (d-) Den. V. fr. 1 t a g ; prob. only teg1e:medip b-t$ma:s 'does not cut it n-ith-
in the phr. t a g tagla:- 'to dawn; (of dawn) out measuring it first' (illii m;rqaddiro(n))
to break'. N.o.a.h.?; the usual phr. is t a g a t - . 1 4 2 7 , 6: KB s l n a r n q y a g r q ~ki$i teglemiv
T i i r k i i vrrr ff. I r h B 26 (1 tag): Uyg. VIII ff. o n i k i r n i g e r sii iikii? sii tkrnlg 'an ex-
Bud. t a g t a g l a y u r e r k e n PP 31, 7. perienced gencral assessed (the value of) his
troops and said "an army of 12,wo men is ton
1) 2 tagla:- Den. V. fr. 2 t a g ; originally big an army" ' 2334; !a general must first get
Intrana. 'to wonder, he surprised'; thence an informer and find out from him ahout the
Trans. 'to find (something) \vonderful, to enemy's morale and) a g a r teglese 'assess it
admire (it)'; and thence 'to admire (sorncthing) by that (information)' 2352; (he heard your
more than (other things), to chcrosc (it)'. Sur- \cords and) iikiia tegledi 'weighed them care-
vives for 'to be surprised' in NI? tagda-/ fully' 4979: Cng. xv ff. tegel- (apparently
deliberately so spell, 'to be conjugated i n the own ability to treat and cure the sick' SNV.
same way (as thgeg-), hut with -I- ; but 597. 3-4: X a k . X I e r u:yn teglendi: dohharn'l-
Co-op. f. thole$- follo\vs immediately) nrus&oi -rncrr[fi ornri11i'the Inan put his affairs in order'
jridnn 'to be equal' Snn. 2ozr. 6: X w a r . X I V (or took stntk of his affairs?) Knl. I11 400
k a r a kirplklge nHwak tegelrnes 'an arrow (teglenii:r, teg1enme:k).
is not equal to your hlack cyelnshes (in straight-
ness)' A f N 276 (perhaps r r r r ~ r i ~ m f it oe,~ l e m e s 1) taglng- Co-op. f. of 2 tagla:-; n.0.a.h.
\\.auld not scan?. Xek. X I k1gl:ler bu: I : $ I ~tnglnqd~: 'the
people were (all) astnnished (tn'accnbo) at this
IF11 tlgla:- (d-) I k n . V. fr. *ttg; it has heen affair' Knj. 111 398 (tayla$u:r, tanln$ma:k;
suapestrd that this is the tug listed above, it is versc): Xwar. slv taglag- 'to hc astonished
perhaps more likely that it is Chinese t'ing 'to (collectively)' Qutb 170: (Koni. xtv 'to
hear, listen' (Giles I I ,299; Pulleyblnnk, Middle examine, investigate tanlag- C C I ; Gr. seems
Chinese t'mng), but the d - and, back vowels to he a mis-spelling of tegle$-).
make this difficult; properly to listen to
(something Arc.)', but often used for 'to hear' D tegleg- (d-) Rccip. f. of teg1e:-; s.i.s.ni.1.;
(properly 6$ld-). S.i.a.nl.l.g.; in I\:E Tuv. NE 'Tuv. degnes-; SW Osm. denkleq-;
tllgna- ; S i V Az., Osm., 'I'km. digle-. T i l r k u Tkm. degle$-. Cf. ter~e$-.Xnk. X I b k r ne:n
vurr ( b e ~ sand people) bu savltnin edgii:tl: b1:rke: tegle$dl: 'one thing balanced (m-
e$itl kat~gdu:t ~ g l a :'hear my ~vordswell ancl 'Gdaln) the other' Kaj. III 398 (teglegU:r,
listen to them carefully' I S 2 (spelt with tegle$nle:k): Gag. s v ff. tCgle9- (spelt)
front t - and bnck -I-): V I I I ff. I r k B 58 (2 8 t ) : nrrrscizcdt rrrrtnn mn hdlrnrn nrt(sdzoi rtrdnn 'to
UyR. v111ff. Bud. ellgterin k a v ~ u r u pt10- reach equality; to be equal to one another'
lazunlar 'let them fold their hands and listen' San. 20zr. 6 : (Kom. see taglag-).
U I 22, 12 ff.; edgii n o m t ~ g l a g a l lbolgay
e r k i m e n 'I shall no doubt listen to the good D t ~ g l a g -(d-) Recip. f. of t1g1a:-; s.i.s.m.1.
doctrine' U 111 29, 4-5: a.o.0.: Xak. xr e r Xnk. X I 01 m e n l g birlc: su:z tlglapdu: 'he
s6:z tugla:du: 'the man listened (a~jo')to the eornpcted with me in listening to a statement'
statcment' Kay. 111 403 (trg1n:r. tugla:ma:k) KO?. 111 398 (tuglagu:r, t1glngma:k): X w a r .
a.o. I 96, I I : K B siizum ttglndl 559; 0.0. X I V (VU) tiglav- ' t o listen to one another'
648, 4979, 543.7 (tag1rka:-): ~ I I I ( ?Tef ) dittn Qulb 193.
304: Gag. xv R. tugla- (spelt) ranidan mn
Cawr-i srrxrrn knrdnn 'to hear: to ponder deeply T r i s . DNL
kn a statement' Snrr. zorr. 22; h ~ g l a -(speIt) VUI) toga:11& IIap. leg.; I'.N./A. fr. toga:.
same mean in^ as tlgla- do. zzhv. 28: X w a r . UyR. V I I I ff. I h d . (his life becomes long; he is
X I I I cligle- 'to listen' 'Ali 26, 51: X I V (VU) free from disease) megillg togn11R b o l u r 'he
tlgla- dittn Qrith 193: O s m . s v and x v ~ hecomcs happy and capahlc of hcroic deeds'
dig (/dlgi/digii) digle- 'to cavcsdrop'; in U 11 45, 56 ff.
several texts T T S I 209; 11 302; I11 196;
I V 226. D tegIegiiq/teglegu:n (tl-) 'the kite '(a hitd);
imperfectly vocalized hut best so transcribed
VUI) togla- n.0.a.b. in a hlnitrisi~~rit frap- and regarded as Ilev. N.s fr. teg1e:- in the
nient; 1)cn. V. fr. *tog which might be an sense of '(a bird) which hovers or balances
onomatopoeic like 3 tog (3 tag) but is perhaps itself (in the air)'. Survives in N E Sag., Sor
more likelv to be a Chinese 1.-w.; the meaning teglegen, tegllgen; I>eb. tellgen; Khak.
must he '& flog' or the like. Uy& v ~ l ff. l Bud. tegllgen; 'I'uv. t1e:ldlgen: NW I<umyk
herfien k a g a l ~ ntokrr toglayur e r d i m l z
..
. . . t e m l r l i g b e r g e n . toglayur[lar] 'we ' tiiliipci~S I V Osm. dlllengeq. Xak. xu ten-
1egii:n 01-lridG'a 'the kite', a (kind of) bird
have beaten and flogged(?) with whips and Kay. 111 388: O g u z XI teglegiiq 'the kite'
willow rods, . . . they flog(?) with an iron whip' Kay. I11 388.
TT II', p. 1 8 . note B7, 2-3.
D taglanqlk De\.. N./A. fr. taglan- (see
U taglat- Hap. Icg ? ; Caus. f. of 2 tagla:-. 2 tanla:-); 'wonderful, marvellous'. N.0.a.b.
Xak. X I 01 meni: taglettu: ancqo'ni~ifi'l-'acah
Uyg. vur~ff. Chr. U I 8, 14-15 (belgit:):
r m n'cobnni ddikn 'he astonished me and made Bud. t a g l a n q ~ gm u g a d l n $ ~ gedguliig s a v -
me xvonder at that' Kq. 11 358 (taglatu:r, I a r 'wonderful, marvellous, excellent words'
taglatrna:k): (Gag. xv ff. tnglat- rno?'utt
sristan 'to cause to be rebuked' Son. 163r 15;
U I V 28, 31-2; anqa y e m e m u g a d ~ n q ~ g
[ t a g l a l n q ~ g e r m e z m i i 'and is not this
see 2 tagla:-).
wonderful and marvellous?' #U III 39, 6-7;
I) tlglat- (d-) Caus. f. of tlg1a:-; s.i.a.m.1.g. taolanqlg yiiriig t l g l a r ~ her wonderful
Xak. XI 01 maga: si):z ttglattu: nsma'ani'l- white teeth' U I V 30. 51-2; a.0. Srtv. 348, 3
-knlGm rt~nnsta~fdniilnyhi 'hc made me hear (koduru:): Kom. xiv '~votiderfr~l' taglanqlx
the statement and listen to it' Kag. 11 359 CCG; Gr.
(tlglntu:r, t1glatma:k).
1) teglenqsiz Priv. N./A, fr. *teglenq Dev.
D teglen- (d-) Refl. f. of teg1e:-; n.0.a.h. N. fr. teglen- ; 'immrnsurahlr, i~lcon~parable'.
Uyk. ;.Ill ff. nud. igiiglerig e m l e p 6ged- N.0.n.b. Uyg. V I I I ff. IIud. Srrz.. 151, 5-7 ctc.
turgeli ugulukun teglenip 'estimating his (iilgiilenqsiz).
 DIS. U N R
'I'rls. V. DNL- with food and drink) t o n l n t o n a n g u s l n 'his
1) t101:l:t:- 1l:ip. leg.; Ilcn. V. fr. *tlg1: an clothes and clothing' Krtnn. 86 (also U II I j ,
onrrmatopnctc, protr. t ~ gclonpatcd to avoid 13); a.o. TT V I 392 (to11a:fiu:).
confusion with t1gla:-; the Infin., originally Dis. D N R
-11tr:k wnc corrected to -1nn:h and at the same
tirnc a minutc tn' was written over each td'. t i i ~ i i r( d - ) the antonym of biigiik, r1.v.;
Xak. S I ne:g t~gl:la:d~:'a heavy ohjcct like originallv prnhahly 'a t r ~ b e(or rncrnl>er r ~ fa
a nor tar (01-mini~cia)made a noise ($oecu.ata) tribe) t o which daughters could be given in
rvhen tt fell to the ground' I G J . I11 404 marriage', hut in the actual texts 'a person
(t~gt:la:r,tlg1:la:ma:k). who actually is, or properly could be, a rela-
tion by marriage'. Survives in this, and some
VUI) toga:la:- Hap. leg.; I k n . 1'. fr. toga:. extended, meanings in SW Osm. dtigiir and
Xak. X I e r toga:la:dr: 'the nian performed Y ~ k u ttiigiir (Pek. 2899). Uyg. vrrr ff. Bud.
the feats of warriors and stronp men' (01-abfcil PF 64, 6 etc. (bogiik): 0. Krr. I X ff. (in a long
rua'l-aqwijd') Kay. I11 405 (toga:lar (sic), list of 'partings') tiigilrime: a d r ~ l d r m'I have
toga:la:ma:k). been parted froni niy relations by marriage'
Mal. I I , 7: Xak. X I tiigiir a/rmd'rt'f-tnar'a
1) tiigiildur- Caus. f. of tiigul-; survi\cs in 'a woman's relations hy marriage', that is
N C Klr. tiiguldiir- (also tiigiilt-; I<zx. brothers, father, and mother (-il-law) K a f .
tiigilt-) and NW I<k. X a k . xr KR tiigtil- 111 362; tiigiir k a & n bolugtl: aqnrln ma'i
cliirtli aytit y a n a k c l m e t 6 p 'he discouraged 'aqrin'l-mrr:riharn 'he I)ccame my relation by
him anti said "do not come again"' 3865. marriage' II I 10, 3 ; tiigiir 01-zihr 'hrothcr-in-
law' I11 372,6: O s m . xrv d u g u r 'brother-in-
Dls. D N N law' in two texts TTS I 2 4 1 ; 111 225.
I'U taga:n the first letter is undotted and tegri: a very old word, prob. pre-Turkish.
unvocalized in the main entry, which im- which can be traced back to the l a n p a g e of the
merliatcly follows the heading - N in a list of Hsiung-nu, I r r u.c., if not earlier. I t seems
words containing three consonants of which originally to have meant 'the physical sky',
the second is -I)- and the first anythiny! except but very early acquired religious overtones and
y - ; as for practical purposes b- neber pre- came to mean 'I-leaven' as a kind of impersonal
cedes -9- in Xak., the word can hardly be deity, the commoner mcaning in the earlier
anythinfi except t a g a m . In the second occur- texts. I t was the normal word for 'Cod' in
rence the first letter is y- but this is certainly Man. and Bud. texts and was retained in this
an error. T h e translation s u g ~ c s t sthat it was sense in the h'Ioslem period, although it is rare
'a hooded crow, Corz'tts corni.~',o r 'a jackdaw, in K R , ufhere the normal word for 'God' is
Cnr?}trr r?toncdelleln'. In modern lanpunges these h a y a t , and was later largely displaccd by I.-v,.s
birds are callcd nla (alaca, etc.) k a r g a . X a k . like A l l 3 and xirddy)'. An carly 1.-w. in Mong.
ur t a g a : n al-cl,cqa' minn'I-girbd11 'a white- as trt~geri(Horniscll 1$3, Korc. I 6g: ; hut often
hcaded crow', that is one of which only the spelt tgri, as in Turkish, in religious texts and
hrad is white' KO$. I11 376; k u z g u n taga:n alwaysdLe'gviinthe I_IP'aqs-pa texts). S.i.a.rn.l.g.,
(his. yayn:n) 01-firrfif wa'l-frtrZbrr'f-a'vm in NE often in t h r hfong. spelling, in SW Az.,
'the raven and the white-footed (sir) crow' I I I Osm., Tkm. tagrl:, this is prob. an old Ogun
240, 26. pronunciation, hut it is impossible to discover
when the change occurred; a I.-w. in Pe. see
n i s . v. DNN- Iloerfrr I1 944, wherc it is discussed at great
I ) t a g ~ n -Ilefl. f. of t a g - ; s.i.s.in.l. with thc length. TUrkU vrll tegri: 1s common; In
same meaning. Xak. xr e r bagrn tagrndl: uze: k o k tegri: a s r a : y a g l z y e r krllndukda:
'the man wrapped (la'ay$abo) his head (in 'when the hluc sky abrrve and the brown earth
a turban, etc.) doing it by himself' (inforado bi- below were created' I E I , II E 2 it clearly has
-fi'li/ri) ICai. I I I 395 (tag1nu:r. tagrnma:k). a physical sensc, htrt this is rare; it is more
often used in a rclifious eensc, c.p. tegri:
I1 t c n a n - (d-) Refl. f. of tona:-; 'to dress yar1tkadukr:n iicu:n 'hecause H e a ~ e n so
r~neself'. S.i.sm.1. with the sarne meaning; comrnandcd' I S 9, I1 N 7, and even as a ;sort
SW d o n a n - means rather 'to ornament or of tribal deity in iize: T u r k u tcgri:si: the
deck oneself', and, of e.g. a ship 'to be fitted Heaven of the Turku on high' I E I I , I 1 E 10:
out, equipped, decked with flags'. X a k . X I vrrl ff. tegri: is fairly common in I r k B , both
ICR k u r ~ m r gyrgaclar t o n a n d r yagll 'the in a physical sense, e.g. (a hawk) tegri:din
dry trees have decked themselves in green' 6j :
K l p . / T k m . s v tozaruzmqa 'to he adorned'
.
(sic) ko&: . . kapmi:? 'swooped down from
the sky' 44; and in a religious sence, e.& ala:
(Krp. bezen- and) T k m . t o n n n - Trth. ~ o a6: . at11:g yo1 (or yul) tegri: m e n 'I a m the god
O s m . xrv ff. d o n a n - ( ?and t o n a n - ) 'to adorn of the road (or the spring) riding on ,a dappled
oneself'; in several texts TTS I 218; 11 316; horse' 2: Man. t e g r i (consistently spelt tyri
III 205. in all scripts) is very common; in y Q r t e g r i
y o k e r k e n iirJre 'when earth and heaven did
Tris. DNN not yet exist' Chrmr. 162-3 it has a physical
1) t o n a n g u : (d-) Conc. N, fr. t o n a n - ; sense, but nearly always nieana 'God' or
n.0.a.b. U y g . vrrr ff. Bud. (if he provides hitn 'divine': Yen. iize: tegri: yarltkadr: Mal.
 5 24 DIS. DNIl
3 2 , 5 ; a,(,.(?)do. 36, 2 : U y R V I I ~ 11'. Alan.-A t e g r i m , follrl\\rd hv the rianics of various men,
t e g r i (in all UyQ. texts ronrirtrntly spclt tgri) tlic first an 61 iigcsi. Cf. t e r i t n .
is common; (they first created) o n k n t k 6 k
t e g r i g 'the Iilue Iicavens in ten layers' M I Dis. 1'. D N R -
14, 6-7-tegri M a n 1 burxan t e o r i y e r j o e r i i E tegcr- scCtetjger-,
h a r d u k ~ n t a'since the divine I'rophet Mani
went to the hcavrr~lycr~rlntry'do. 12, 13-14; VCII) t c g i i r - Il:ip. lrg.; C ; I ~ I Sf,. rrf tclj-, q . v . ;
I i o r . r i i r ~ i c' I vine: I cf. t c g i t - l t e q t i i r - . S a k . \ I c r n k tc!)iirtli:
t c g r i 'God. divine' is cornlilon: Ilud. ditto but 'the Inan shot his arr-r~w ~ ~ p ~ i i rto\v:.ilrdr ds
y c r t e g r i t i i r u m i ~ t c'when earth and heaven t h r sky sr, that it tlisappcnrcd f r ~ n lY I ~ T Vin
were crratctl' PP 5, 8; 2.0. (lo. 18. 2 ( t i i p i r - ) : the atnir~splicrc';: ~ l s rt~ercl ~ \ \ l l r l ~Iir launches
Civ, t e g r i is rnorc often used in a physical a (hunting) hird (nzrol~1'1-!ci'ir) frmn his
sense, e.p. t e g r i knpljil ilqtltl 'heaven's gate hand t11 make it soar K o f . 111 302 ( t c g u r u r ,
has hcen opcnrd' T T I 144: 0. K I ~ I .X ff. k 8 k t e g i i r m e : k ; conlpletely ~ ~ n \ ~ o c a l i z r first d;
teqri:de: kiin a y 'thc sun and tnoon in the lcttcr undottcd c ~ c l - y w l ~ e r1111t c , must bc t-).
h l ~ esky' :l?n/. lo, 3 ; 45, 5 and tkrjri: 6 l i m
'nlY divine rcalnl' [In. 3, 2 ; 14, 3 ctc. are 1) t i i n c r - ((I-) Intrans. I l c n . V. f r , t i i n ; 'to
incluclrd in the list 'partinps' in funerary lie, o r Iiccnme, darl:'. S.i.s.ni.1. U y a . V I I I ff.
i n ~ c r i ~ t i o n sX: a k . sr tegri: Allrii~ 'nazn P L . ~ b u d . YfiruE?de t i i n e r m i ~ l e r k e yavuk
cnlln 'God, to IIini bclongs glory and power' o k l t u Y a r l l k a r e r t i 'he dcignctl to conl-
(prrlv. see t a p u g s a : k ; 'l'hc unhc]ie\lers municate light (Ilend.) to thosc who \vcrc
("1-knforn) call the sky (o/-tn?ttd')tegri:, and in the dark ahout thc interpretation (of tlic
also \\.l1ich is in tllcir eyes, like scriptures)' liiicn-ts. 1931-2: X a k . sr t u n e r d i :
a hig mountain rJr Iiig trees, and f o this ~ reason ~ 6 : r'the place was dark' (n=lnrrro); also used
thcv \r.orship such things K,,$. 111 ?76; many of time (01-znrnn'ir) Kn$. I 1 80 ( t i i n e r u r ,
o,o: K- the standard words t i i n e r r n e : k ) : KH t u n e r d i y n r u m e z kiiriigli
for '~,,d' b a y a t arid u j i n u b u t t e ~ r occurs
i k a r a k 'niy sreinf: cyrs finvr I)cconic dark
in 44, 02, 6176 (erki:): X I I I ( ? )At. t e g r i is not and no longer shine' 371; i i i n e r m e g c ~e r d i
uacd in the text h u t occurs in glosacs on i d i m y a r u m l ? k i i n - e 'tlic bright d a y would ncvrr
and ugan; Tpf. t a q r r ( - e n ) 'God' 285, 289 hecome dark' 696; 0.0. 1520, ~ 0 1 8 .
(t~!iri): SIV Allrh. ANdhrt'l-vrci'alniighty G o d ' )E tenri:- l l a p , lcr,; V, occllrs in a 1,' \
tegri: 1~2el.12, r g ; u:ga:n tegri: Rif. 8 7 ; Chapter in which the ord?r o f words should
Alldh fo'fila tegri: 44, 8 ; 137: G a g . xV ff. be detcrlnined by ( I ) the last
t e n r i b e l t ) cnnnh-i bnri to'cfi 'the Creator' (2)
the cecontl cl,rlsonarlt (3) the first
Son. 202r. 26 ( q ~ o t l l . ) : X W R ~X. I I I ( ? )k o k f o l l o ~ . i l lsKa v r f i : - , sekri:-, s e m r i : - , sanrt:-,
(\'I!) t e g r i 'hlue sky' 02. 60, etc.; t e ~ r i n i l,recediny kevre:-, kiikre:-, k u l r e - ;
calharRu(ln 'while praying to G o d ' do. so: there are in a n y c,er,t errors in
M N t1a :gKom.
sr\. r l ( - k a )x/ tr evg'God,
r i ( - k etegri
) Qrrtb 170; (VU)
common CCI, ment anrl from tiriic to time aftcr (1) the order
seems to hc determined more hy (3) than hy
C(2.G; Gr. 241 ( w o t n s . ) : KIP. ~ 1 1 1Allch ( 2 ) ; ill tcnri:- cotlid l,ropcrly
stthlwinirlrtt rcn tn'(i1fi tenri: (and in a dialect foll(,w snnrl:- or preccc~ekevre:-, -1.1~~
1s r 2 : only tegri:
which a few ('\\ ith know A,lfih
penplc uQa:n) Iiorr.
lo; consonant is fairly clcarly -n- ill thc facsimile,
I>ut in n \ w r d which was a l ~ n n s tcrrtainly un-
:lll~ilr ozlln dikrirhr~ tegri: Bnl. 2 , 9 : s v li- kno\\.n to thc scribe this niiglit well lic a
-nmli,ll,i,l ,for God,s s:lkc, teWri: (sic ~liincoi,yincr o f - f - , for - v - ; tcvri:- ~ v o u l din
-p- for -g-) KOp,, 4 3 , All,ilr tegri nlh. fact suit t h r tnca~iingwcll, if t:lkcn as cop-
3h. 10; 4 l h . 6: O s m . \ - I \ .ff. the prontlnciation to tc\-iir- ;,ltllougl, tllc nlorptloloKical
\<-a<proti. allva).s t a w , 11.N. t a g r l l l k is cl,nnrcti,ln is nl,scurr, ~ ~ sr k , bagr:
noted in s v TTS 111667. tenri:di: oso& ro'sohn kn'l-drrrrnr ' ~ o r n c t h i n ~
togra: H~,,. leg, x a k . 7cnsaslr71- like dizziness attacked his hcad', that is whcn
-botl<zn 'dirt o n the body' KO$. 111378. slcep overcame him and h r rrsistcd it and
there rcsultrd a fcclinp of ants crawlinp in his
1) tiigre: Adv, fr. *tog, see togrli:; n.0.a.b. head Tor lack of slccp &$. III 282 ( t e n r i : r ,
X o k , XI (after togra:) one says e r ogre: (sic) tenr3:me:k).
y a t t l : istnlqd'l-racrtl 'nlri qqffih'hu 'the man lay T r i s . DNR
o n his hack' (i.e. face upwards); and one says
er tiigre: t"ati: nkobhn3~-mc,,l tn,ri conchihi D tegriqi: N.Ag. fr. tegri:; 'a prcnchcr of
ithe man fell on his face3(i.c, face downwards) God'. N.0.a.b. T t i r k i i V I I I If. blan. (if we hnvc
&if. 1 113 7 8 sinned against the Rods of light, the purc doc-
trinr and) t e g r i r i n o m q l a r t g d t n t a r l a r k a
S t r g r a k See t r r g a k . 'the pure ICIect who arc preachers of God and
of the doctrine' Chrmr. 324-5; a.o. do. 135-6
I)t e g r i m 'my God' occurs in Uyg. as a form (artrz-),
of address not only to G a d but also to superiors;
it then hecarne in UyQ. n u d . an element in the U t e g r i d e m 13cn. N./A. connoting re-
I'.N.s of princesses; in Pfolrl. 8, 12 the list of semblance fr. tetjri: 'god-like; di\rine, holy'.
natncs at the end of the docunierit is headed Pcc. to IJyK., hut therc fairly common. Uyg.
by 15 names of princesses, each ending in V I I I ff. R4an.-A t e g r i d e m [gap] A f I z 5 , 9 (ii):
 DIS. DNS 525

Man. '1'7'111 170 (iistcl-): Ijud. tegridem 1i:g kurtga: 'a dcvorct old woman' IrkH 13:
s u v 'holy water' U 11138, 28; tegridem x w a Xak. X I KR k a n t k a i m a d t b l r kl$i tegrlllg
qeqek 'holy flowers (llcnd.)' 7'7' V lo, 104; 'why is there not one devout man left ?' 6475;
X 1 5 5 ; tegrlclem klz a z u tegri oglanl tegrlllg i? 'C;od's work' 6479: Kom. X I V
a dlv~nemaiden or son of (;od' 7'7' V 12, 'divine understanding' tegrllik u s C C G ; Gr.
127; 11.o. U 1128, 1-2; T T *Y 495 ( u R u s I u ~ )
etc.: Civ. T T I I (ornan-). D tegrilik A.N. (Conc. N.) fr. tegri:;
originally 'temple', later 'divinity'. N.0.a.b.
S tlgrakllg See t ~ r g a k l ~ k . Uyg. V I I I ff. Man.-A [ t e g J r l l l k l g e r ~[barldl
'he went to its (the tolun's) temple'M I 3 3 , 15;
1) t u n e r i g (d-) N.1A.S. fr. t u n e r - ; 'dark, 01 tegrillkteki k a m 'the (?l<uddhist)priest
darknesq'. Survives in N1.: 'l'el. l'urkii V I I I ff. in that temple' dn. 17; 0.0. do. 34, 8-16;
.
Rlan. y a r u k ylItlzln . . tiinerig yrlttzln Man.-uig. Frog. 401, 13 (8til-): Bud. TT I V
'the root of light . . . the root of darkncss' 6, 46 (6:t-): Xak. XI K O (there are two kinds
Chtms. 161-2; t u n e r i g s u r u g 'drive away the of enemies) b i r i tegrilik 01 'one is the pagan
darkness' M I11 5 , 4; a.o. do. 19, 9 (i) (1 temple' (infidels are always hostile) 4225: X I I I
ore?-): Man.-A k a r a r ~ gt u n e r i g 'black and ( ? ) Tef. tagrlllk 'divinity' 285: Gag. xv ff.
dark' M 111 q, I ; Man. tunerig yeklerke tegrlli k xzrrlZ'i P L . ~ rrllil~iy~if'divinity, god-
t a p u n u g m a l a r those who worship the head'; also /mqqAniyot 7cn lill/ihiyt(?) 'piety,
demons of darkness' IM I1 11, 7: Xak. X I love of (;od' Snn. zozr. 27: Xwar. xrv
tiine:rlg y6:r 'any dark (ntrr7li1rc) place'; and t a g n l t k 'divinity' Qlrtb 171.
'the grave' (01-qnbr) is called tune:rlg; one
s ~ y se r tune:rigke klrdi: 'the man has T r l s . V. DNR-
entered the grave' Kof. 1 4 8 8 : K13 (I was in D tag1rka:- Den. V. fr. 2 t a g ; 'to be
darkness (knragku), IIc made rrly night
hright.) tiinerlgde e r d l m 'I was in the dark astonished'. Survives as t a g ~ r k a -in NE Alt.,
of night', (He made tny sun rise) 383. Tel. R I11 806; NC Klr., Kzx.; NW Kk.
Xak. XI K R negiini t a g ~ r k a d te m d i 6ziig
D tSgorge: 'a tree trunk'; prob. an old word 'what are you now surprised at?' 785; (the
ending in -ge:; there is no convi~~cing ety- value of speech does not lie in speaking much)
mology for it, but Zrrj. in his note on Bul. may y 3 sozni t a g t r k a p iikiig ttglasa 'or listening
be right in seeing NE I3ar. togok 'tree-stunip' in admiration to long speeches' 5433; 8.0.
as a cognate word. Uyk. v111ff. Bud. Sanskrit 6487: Gag. xv ff. tagtrga- (spelt) ta'accrtb
c i t ~ ~ Z r n'on the funeral pyre' tiSgorge: kardon 'to be surprised' Son. 163v. 8 (quotns.,
iikiinde: (spelt fogorkr iigiitrde:, lit. 'a heap of pointing out that t a g ~ z g a - ,translated lagla-
tree-trunks') T T VIII 1 j . z ~ :Klp. xrv al- in Vel. 177 is a mis-spelling): Xwar. X I V
-qurma 'trce trunk' tiinertge: ( 1 2 unvocalized) t a g ~ r k a -'to he astonished' Qlrtb 171.
Bui. 3, 13. D tii0iirle:- (d-) IIap. leg.; L)en. V. fr.
D tegr1:ke:n Den. N./A. fr. tegrl:; 'devout, tiigur. Xak. sr 01 meni: tiigur1e:di: 'he
pious'. This is clearly the right meaning, reckoned me to be his relation by marriage
not 'sacred, divine' as originally suggested; (min ashorihi) and claimed me (nnsabnni) as
normally applied to rulers. 'riirku V I I I such' Kag. III 408 (tiigiirIe:r, tiigiir1e:me:k).
tegr1:ken is the term used in Onfin 5, 6, 8 D tugiirlen- (d-) Hap. leg.; KeR. f. of
for the ruler to whom the pcrson com- tiigur1e:-. Xak. X I 01 maga: tiigiirlendl:
memorated in this inscription was suhject: 'ndda nnfsohtr li ~ihro(n)'he reckuncd himself
V I I I ff blati. Tegrlken T?' I1 6, zy is a short as my relation by marriage' Kaj. 111 407
title for Biigii X e n 'l'egriken do. 10, 80: (tiigurlenu:r, tiigur1enme:k).
Uyk. vrrr ff. Man. b u r x a n tegrikenlmiz
bog[u ? k u t ] ~ g aperhaps a royal title M 111 Dis. DNS
36, I (i) (M I 31, I (ii)); tegrlken kunquy
'devout consort' do. 4 (ii) (4 (i)): Bud. the title D t a g s u k Den. K . / A . fr. 2 t a g ; 'wonderful,
of the ruler mentioned in the dating forniufa of marvellous, precious, ram'; usually applied to
the first 'Pfahl.' is Kiin fty tegrl t e g kiisengig concrete objects. S.i.s.nl.l.; a I.-w. in hlong.,
kljrtle y a r u k tegri b6gu tegrikenimiz Pe. and other languages, see Doarfm I1 939.
Pfohl. 6, 2-3 and the nun who was joint Uyg. vrrr ff. Bud. Srro. r 18, 6-7 (tat@): Xak.
dedicator was tegrlken tCgin silig t e r k e n XI 'anything which is marvellous and found to
kunquy t e r ~ r i r ndo. 4: Civ. USp. 40 and 41 be novel' ('acib w a musto!rif minhu) is called
are addressed to I d u k k u t tegrikenlmiz: t q s u k ne:D; and a kind of food which a man
Xnk. XI tegrike:n 'a pious sage' (01-'rilitnrr'l- finds 'outstanding in exquisiteness' (nhyrino'l-
-nJsik) in the lan~uageof the infidels Knf. -nifrisa) is callcd tagsuk a $ KO$. III 382: KR
IrI 389; (at thc end of the entry on tegri:) (ydu have shown me) b u t a g t a g s u k iqler
hence they (the infidels) call at-'rilim tegrlken these marvellous things' 794; (merchants
own) t u m e n tii a g ~ l a ar j u n t a g s u k ~'count-
111377. less treasures, the rarities of the world' 4424:
I> tegrillg P.N./A. fr. tegri:; n.0.a.b. (Teg- XIII(?)At. an19 d i k r l t a g s u k edlz bolsu
rill in the phr. tenrill y6rll 'heaven and t 6 p 'may his memory be wonderful and lofty'
earth' with the I'ostposn. -11 must not be con- 76; o.o., qualifying 'words' 475. 483; Tef.
fused.with this word.) 'riirkii vlrr ff. tegri:- t a g s u k 'marr~ellous,wonderful; a recompense
(coorl or had)' 285: xrv RI12. k a m u g t a g s u k - 10,864)~thc second not yet i<lrtttificd. Cf.
l n r ~'all mar\-cllr~usthincz'; t a g s u k A d a m t l q q a n . X i ~ k . xr trlqyu: r r r r t r r ~ i t ~ ~ ~ r ~ ' l - . ~ i r f i c
'\vonclcrful :\dam' R 111 813: G a r . xv If. 'a lar~tcrrt'/<a$. I11 378.
t a g s u ~ l t a g s u k !o~lorrrolri 'mar\.ellous' VeI.
177 (quotn.); t a g s u g l t a g s u k the same as ])is. V. I I N S -
t a n s u g l k Son. 164v. 4 ; t a n s u g l t a n s u k D t a n l p - ( ? d - ) Itccip. f. of ta:n- ; s.i.s.m.l. ?,
(spclt) 'something scarce, \aonderful, and rare' but liomr~phonous with modern forms of
(knrnwib rcn &rib tca nadir) (quq~tn.);the word t n n u v - and not ensy to iclcnt~fy.X n k . S I ola:r
ic 'l'urkisli, and not as the Ijrrrlidn-i Qnfi' Ikkl: (&IS. i l l error nr~ni:) t n n ~ $ r l ~'they :
say.; a corruption o f I'ersian mnsrr.t, but virr rcpudratcd their rlehts (col~ndn. . . d0j.n) to one
wrrn do. 164r. 14: K o m . xrv '\\onderfill, rare' another' Knf. I I I 12 (tnni$u:r, tani$mn:k).
t n g s t k CCG'; Gr.: KIP. s t v t n g s t k ('with
-0-') 01-'acnb fd. 6 j : xv ~ t r + 'son~ethingnew i) t a n u $ - Recip. f. of tanu:-, q . v . regarding
anrt curious' t a n s t k 7ith. 23b. 13: O s m . xrv- t a n l v - 'to Ile acquainted with unc another',
xvrl [ a g s u k (twice d a g s u k ) '\vonderful, rare; which s.i.a.m.l.g. and d a n i q - 'to consult one
a rarity'; common till xvt TTS I 179; I1 260; another, discuss' which survives only in S W
111667: ZV 7 3 8 Az., Osrn. X a k . X I oln:r ikki: su:z tanuvti:
'they made suggestions (aecza'a . . . kaldm) to
I) t e g s i z (d-) Priv. N./r\. fr. 1 t e g ; usually onc another'; its origin is t a n u : d ~ :K a f . I I I 1 2
in nn abstract sense 'inequitable, excessive' ( t a n u g u : r , t a n u g m a : k ) : G a g . s v ff. t a m p -
(pejurativc) o r 'unequalled' (laudatory). Sur- bilif- 'to know one another' Vcl. 178; tnnlg-
vives in S\V T k m . tlegsiz and Osrn. (distorted) Recip. f. h o n ~ ( i i ~ n r - r~irrd.vfnn
d 'to kriow one
ctenksiz. X a k . X I K B (the fortunate rrian must anotller' Son. 16zr. 26 (quotns.): 'I'krn. s ~ v
avoid) k a r n u g t e g s i z i v t i n 'all excesses' 726; t a n l g m a l c a[-mafruara 'consultation'; t a n i g -
(oh wicked death!) n e tegsiz Bliim s e n 'what tajd~oara 'to consult one another' Id. 66-7:
an inequitable death vou are' 1537; (modesty (KIP.?) xv ~Crirvamfanap- Ttrh. 21a. 13: O s m .
~ r e v e n t s )k a m u g t e ~ s i z l i g l g 'all excesses' xrv to xvr d a n l g - (occasionally tantp-) 'to
(but sharnclessness is) i d i t e g s i z i g 'a quite consult onc another'; in several texts TTS I
unparalleled disease' 1662; n t i t e g s i z 'with 178; 1 1 ~ 5 9 ; I I 168; I I V 190.
an unequalled reputation' 4069; 0.0. 986,
203Y. 7.102, 4 4 7 8 11 tegeg- (d-) Refl. f. of *tege:- Den. V. fr.
1 t e g ; 'to he, o r become, equal to onc another',
L) t t n s l z ( d - ) Priv. N./A. fr. t c n ; 'inanimate'. and the like. Survives in NI.: $or, 'l'cl. R 111
N.n.a.b. U y g . vtrr ff. Bud. (when earth and 1044; cf. tegleg-. X a k . X I tcgepdi: ne:g
heaven, and male and female combine together ta'ddnla'l-joy' hi'l-gny' 'one thing was equal
two kinds of products result) t ~ n l i j j and tn the other'; in s verse bilgi: m a g a : tegeadi:
t l n s l z ; 'the five states of existence' are called 'his knowledge was equal to mine' Kag. I11
t l n l ~ i :and 'bushes, trees, and vegetation' are 393 (tege:pii:r (sic), tegegme:k): K R (if a
called t t n s l z T T C'I 321-3. letter al-rives in good handwriting, the re-
I ) t o n s l z ((1-) Hap ... leg.?; I'riv. N./A. fr cipierit is delighted) b a l 5 g a t bile x a t t
to:n, 'uriclothed'. T u r k i i vllr I E 26; I 1 t e g e v s e k a l l 'if the contents (lit. 'eloquence')
E zr (a$slz). are as good as the hnndwriting' 2605; (what-
ever you plan to undertake, first seek advice)
Dis. V. DNS- tilerriig t i l e k k e kegepin tegeg 'and weight
D *tagsa:- See y n g ~ n : - . the advice you receive against the end you seek'
5560: Gag. s v s . tegep- (spelt) Recip. f.; hd
Tris. 1. DNS-
' j.ak-ciiEnr snncitinrt too trrlrrurizann kardan 'to
wcigh and balance with one anc>ther' San.
I> t1nslra:- (d-) Priv, 1)eri. \r. fr. t1:n; 'to 202r. 3 (quotn.): ( X w a r . s r v tegegtiir- 'to
stctp I,rcnthing, become in:lnin~ate', and the compare' Qrrfh 175).
like. N.o.a.h. U y g . vrrr ff. Btld. Srru. 619, 18
etc. ( k n r n ~ l - ) . 1) tiigiiv- IT:lp. leg. ; prcnll~nnblyRecip. f. of
*tag-; syn. w. tiigit-; see tiigdi:. X a k . xr e r
Dis. DNS tiigii$tll: 'the man lu\vered (m'm'a) his head
?E tag19 if authentic Dev. N. fr. t a g - ; a phr. with downcast eyes' (~rtrt!riqn(n)) Kap. I11 393
transcribed s l k q tagtg has been read in U II (tagiigii:r, t6giigme:k).
73, 2 (iii) but it is almost certainly a mis- D tligiig- Hap. leg.; presumably Recip. f. of
reading of s ~ k i gt a g i g ; if correctlv read it *tug- and cognate to tiigUl-, hut the semantic
\vould have the same meaning as that phr.; see connection is not obvious. X a k . xr t o g u z
taglg. tiigiipdi: 'the boar glared (ahdaqa) and in-
D tegev (d-) Dev. N./A. fr. *tege:- Den. V. tended (hammn) to attack the man': likewise
fr. 1 t e g ; s ~ ~ r v i v eins NE Tel. tegeg 'of the one says of a man idii ta'nbbd gnhtila'l-amr
same age, contemporary'. X a k . X I KB kiiqige rcn .tamdtlndn fi diin'lilzn rca nlrrlnqa'l-nazar ild
tegegi yiidiirgll yiikin 'assume their burdens nnrr111i (sic. ? read iinriril~i)kZril~a(n) li'l-amr
tn the extent of your strength' 4528. e r tiigiigdi: (anrr has a wide range of meanings
in K a f . including thin^, affair, business'; the
V I J F tug$u: flap. leg.: n o doubt a Chinese arncndtnent ahove scrnls nrcessary t o fit the
I.-\v.; the first syllnhle is tF11.q 'lalnp' (Gi1i.s g m m m : ~ r ,in n.l~irhrn.;c it h:i.; rhe Insic rnean-
 T R I S . DNZ
in^ 'conlmand, order') 'when he refuses to teolz Kav. 58, I j-16; hafrr teglz wa ' u m a n
accept an r~rderand rejects it and glares at tegiz Tult. 7a. I 2-1 3 (the latter elossed al-
the man who girca it in disgust at the order' -ba/rrrr'l-a'zam 'the great sea'): Osm. xrv ff.
Kaf. 111394 (tugtig(L:r, tiigtigme:k, corrected degiz 'sea' in various phr. T T S I 192; I1 279;
frotn -tnak:). III 180; I V 205.
T r l s . V. D N S toguz (d-) 'pig', a generic term for the wild
I> tegegql N.An. fr. tegeg ; n.o.a.h., and per- and domesticated pig of both sexes; replaced
haps invented a s a jingle with kkgegqi. Xak. lagzln, q.v., in X I as one of the animals in the
X I KU (the vizer is always the beg's adviser) 12-year cycle. Survives with initial t- in SE
kbgegci kigller tege$qi b o l u r 'advisers are Turki; SC Uzb. and with init~ald - in NC Krr.,
people who weigh up situations(?)' 22j6. Kzx.; NIil Kaz., Kk., Kumyk, Nogay, and
S W Az., Osm. (domuz), l k m . , see Shcherbak,
PUF diigtigge: Hap. leg., and presumably, p. 124; a I.-w. in Fe. (only in the 12-year
like other Gancak words, a I.-w., prob. cycle ?)and other foreign languages, see Doerfer
Iranian; some kind of plant; translatiuns of 11 985. T u r k U V J I I ff. adlglt: toguzlx a:rt
a[-qtmdbari vary; Brockrlntann gives 'Draba, tize: soku$mi:g erml:g 'a boar and a bear
a kind of mustard', Aialay siiliiklii pancar met on a mountain pass' I r k B 6: Uyg. vrrr ff.
which Red. translates 'water milfoil, Myrio- Bud. (if T have slaughtered sheep, fowls or)
phyll~rirtv~rticiliattrm',and Red. (in Osm.) 'the toguz 'swine' U II 84, 9 ; (rebirth as) toguz-
good King Henry goose-foot, Chntopoditon n u g U 11 31, 52; a.0. Sirv. 4, 12: Civ. toguz
Bonus Ilenricas'. G a n c a k XI diiniiage: al- 6ti 'pig's gall' H I 24; a.o.0.; toguz as a
-qundbari Kag. I 400. member of the 12-year cycle is common in
calendar texts in TI' V I I and occurs in dating
Dls. D N Z formulae in USo. : Xak. X I tonuz al-xinzir
tegiz (d-) first actually noted in XI when it 'pig': toguz 'onkof the twelve y e k ' Kaf. III
replaced taiu:y, q.v., which disappeared at 363; 0.0. meaning prima facie 'wild boar'
that date, but so old that it existed in the LIR I 304 (az1gia:-); I1 343, 18; I11 394 (tllgtig-)
lnnguage from which Hungarian tenxer 'sea, and In I 3 4 6 , 13 (the 12-year cycle): x r ~ r ( ? )
ocean' was borrowed; originally prob. any Trf. toguz 'pig' 307: X I V Muh. al-xinzir toguz
'large body of water', whether static, like a Mel. 72, 7 ; to:guz Ri/. 174; (in the 12-year
lake, or moving, like a large river; later cycle) doguz yt:I~: 81, I ; to:guz y1:lf: 186:
specifically, nnd finally exclusively, 'the sea'. F a g . xv ff. toguz ('with - 0 - ' ) mik 'pin'; also
As al-balir, the Ar. word habitually used to the name of one of the Turkish yean San.
translate it, is equally ambiguous it is im- 187r. 13 (VU doguz 'a person with an empty
possible to trace th;. exact evolution of r~leaning brain and his head in the clouds' 226r. I may
and difficult to determine the precise difference be the same word used metaph.): X w a r . xrv
between tegiz and k0:1, q.v., except that the toguz 6ti 'pig's flesh' Nahc. 364. 14: K o m .
latter seems to have had a narrower meaning. xlv 'pip' toguz C C I , C C G ; Gr. 249 (quotn.):
S.i.a.m.l.g. only for 'the sea', except in some KIP. X I I I 01-xinzir tongu:z Notr. I I , 13: XIV
N E languages which use talay, reborrowed fr. t o g u z ('with -9-') a/-xinuineir (also 'frozen fat'
Mong., in this sense; in SW Az. deniz; Osm., tog iiz) id. 6s ; al-xinzir tonguz Bul, to, 13:
Tkm. deglz. See Doerfer 111 1192. Xak. xr xv al-xinair d o n g u z Kar~.62, 8; d a g g u z (sic)
tegiz al-bahr Kay. I11 363; 0.0. I loo, 18 Ttrh. 1 4 b 2 : O s m . xrv ff. doguz (sometimes
(bag-); a k a r kiiziim o$ tegiz(trans1ated) 'the toguz) is common till xvr and occasionally
water of the sea (al-bahr) flows from my eyes'; occurs later instead of d o m u z TTS I 219;
he onlv comoares it to the water of the sen II 316; 111 205; I V 237.
(01-ba!;) because there is salt in tears I1 45,
27,; I11 136 (kill); 370 (terig): K B (man's Dis. V. DNZ-
mlnd is like) tubsilz tegiz 'a bottomless lake V U D tegiz- the Jnfin. in the MS. is -ma:R
(or sea?)' 211; bilgi tegiz 'whose wisdom is and the Krp. f., too, has back vowels, but
(like) a lake' (or sea?, in breadth or depth?) semantically this could be a Caus. f. of teg-
480, 2185; 0.0. 1164: xrr(?) K B V P bilig- in the sense of 'to send up in the air'. Xak.
d i n teglz 9: XIII(?)At. tegiz occurs three times xr e r 6pke:sinde: tegizdi: isma'adda'l-racul
in metaphors for breadth or depth; Tef. wahwa art yantafix fadaba(n) 'the man was
degiz 'sea' 117; tegiz ditto 298: xrv Mtrh. puffed out with anger'; and one says Bpke:
al-bahr tegiz Mel. 4, 17-19; 77, I ; Rif. 74, tegizdi: infafaxati'l-ri'a 'the lung was dis-
180: F a g . xv ff. t6giz (spelt) daryd 'a large tended', that is vinegar and mustard are
body of water, river o r sea' Sun. zozv. 3 poured into it prcparutory to cooking it, and
(quotn.): X w a r . xrrr(?) the three sons of it is filled and distended Kas. I I I 3 g z (tegizur,
Oguz Xan were called Kilk, Tag(?Dag), tegizme:k, MS. -ma:k): Klp. xrv tagaz- (sic,
T e g i z (IDegiz) 'Sky, Mountain, Sea(?)' Og. with -g-) ahmarra'l-waram ma'ftadda 'the
86-8: xrv teglz 'sea' Qtctb 175: K o m . xrv swelling was inflamed and hard' id. 65.
'sen' tegiz CCI, C C G ; Gr.: KIP. xIIr a l - b a h
teglz Hou. 6, 18: XIV teniz ditto Id. 40; ditto T r i s . DNZ
d e n l z (-g-) (sic) Bul. 4, 12: xv al-bahr tegiz
a/-ba!rrr1'l-m6li$ 'the salt sea' a:cx tegiz; D toguzql: N.AR fr. t o ~ u z n.o.a ; b.; prob.
a[-bnl~tti'l-Irrrltrruw ' a fresh-water lake' taTI1: 'pig keeper', but 'hunter of wild boars' is a
 5 28 TRIS. D N Z
I ~ o c ~ i l ) l;~ltern;iti\c.
e IJyC. V I I I tr. IIud. (if \\,hicli reni;~inc:it the I)ottotii whcti the pure
I have killed shetsp o r kept poultry or been) Iiutter liac h e o i melted atid drawn off' Kog.
t o g u z v ~(fisherman, hunter of wild game, wild- III 148: ( K i p . xrv 01-hifk 'groats rnixed with
fowler arid s~ on ) T T I V 8, 56. sour rrlilk and dried in tlic sun' !:irxann: llrtl.
8 . z : xv ditto 'l'rr/r. 313. 7).
h l o n . DR
te:r ( ? d - ) 'swcat'; also fr. an early periud
1 ta:r (d-) 'narrow, constricted, confined'. 'wages', presuniahly a nietaph. for 'tllat which
S.i.:~.m.l.p.: in S\V .4z., Osni. d a r ; Tknl. 1s earned by s\vcating'. S.i.a.m l . ~ . . ~ n c l u d i n g
t1a:r. IJyfi. V I I I ti. Ilr~<i. t a r yolka kirrnigke S\V A T . , Ocni. as t e r ; unlv NI; 'I'uv., SW
s a t l u r 'they arc rcckonrd as having elitered 'I'k~ii.ha\.e r l e r ; tlic ?hurt vcitvrl ill 'l'krn. cnsts
:I narrow road' T T VI 275 (as opposed to a conic. doulit on the Xnk. spelling. ' r t i r k u V I I ~
I~rond( k e g a l k l g ) one); kiigiilleri t a r 'thcir T 52 (tiik-): ( U y g . vlrr ff. C I V .t e r k e a l d ~ n l
minds arc narrow' IIii~n-IS.103: Ci\.. b u y e k Iias hern read ill USp. 3, 5 ; t c r i k e b4rcllni
i v k c k k e t a r k o l g u ( ? rcad k l l g u ) v u 01 'this in 30, 13 and t c r i k e ~ l t l r r nin 70, 3 ; i r r 70, 3
is an amulet which constricts the denions which har hcen re-edited hy lkcda it is an
(IIend.)' TI' V I I 27, j ; a.o, do. 3 ( t ~ l ) X : ak. error for t u g k e a l d ~ m(see 1 tu$) and it is
XI t a : r oi-(iayyiq 'narrow, straitened' of any- likely that the other readings are similar errors):
thinc; one Yays tn:r e v 'a cramped dwelling' X a k . sr t e : r rrrrotrr'l-acir 'the wages of a day
and the like Kug. I11 1 4 8 ; o . o . I 1 1 0 7 ( y i g t i i r - ) ; labourer'; hence a day lalmurcr (read (11-ncir
III 250, 1 9 ; this word, and not t e r , should for 01-osir 'prisoner' in the RIS.) is callcd
: i 1 ~ 1 prob. he read in: and one says e r tar teryi:: te:r ( P Oreid fnr trrci: in MS.) a/-'oroq
boltll: (tor unvocalized; M S . yoldi:) 'the m a n 'swe;lt' KO{. I11 148 o.o. of t e r (sic) 'sweat'
was astia~ned'(!~acaln) this is in place of the I I R I (iql$-); 1466, etc. ( b u r q a k l n n - ) ; I1 96
phr. e r (irra?) boldl: I 322 ('constricted ( s o r u v - ) ; 307 ( t e r i t - ) ; 336 ( t u v q e t - ) ; o l
seelns a l~kclier metaphor for shame than t e r k e : kirtli: rloxala'f-rrcra 'he entered paid
'sweat'): K B k o ~ ~ uk ll l m ~t a r 'do not employment' III z r z , 23: KB i$ig k i l s n l o r
he distressed' 6183: S I I I ( ? ) ,4t. 315 (bitil-); t e r k t e r l n t e g r i i bCr 'if thcy work for you,
Tef. t a r 'narrow, cramped' 257: x ~ vMrrh. pay thcir \rages promptly' 4462: X I V Mzrh.
cloyyoga 'to constrict' d a : r e t - Mel. zR, 3; 01-'oroq d f : r Afcl. 45, 17; t c r Ri/ 139; ol-rrcl-a
if. 1 I r ; al-((nyyiq (opposite to 'broad' ke:g) t e r I 47 (only): (jag. sv ff. tCr trr . . . 'araq
f a x 55, 3 ; 152; dnyyiqrr'l-cobha (opposite t o n~o'ir~isiirnI'rI. 184 (qrtotns.); tCr 'orrrq Son.
'with a sniooth brow' yasl: a l ~ : n l r g ) t a : r ig3r. 9 (quotn.): X u ~ a r .X I V tCr 's\vent' Qtrth
aI1:nlig 46, I I ; 140: (jag. xv ff. t a r t a r . .. 178; o l ' A b c l u l l a h ~ ~tre r k c t u t t i l a r 'they
toy mo'ntisitra 'narrow' Vel. 163 (quotns.); hired that 'Ahdullah' Nahc. 23, 1 2 ; a.o. 292,
t a r tong u7a dayyiq San. 154% 18 (quotn.): 13: K o m . s l v 'sweat' t e r C C I , CCG. G r . :
X w a r . xlv k l l m a kogiil t a r Qrrtb 171; tar Klp. a/-'arnq t e r Horr. 21, z o : xrv ditto 111. 38:
a g l z 'a small rnouth'114N 136, etc. : K o m . XI\' s v ditto Kao. 61, 1 3 ; Trrh. zga. 6 : O s m . xrv
'narrow' t a r CCG; Gr.: KIP. s r r r a/-dayyiq to xvrr d e r 'swtm' in a ferv texts TTS I rgg;
(opposite to 'broad' k&g) fa:r Iforc. 27, I S : II284; 1Vz1r.
X I V t a r ditto i d . 62: xv 'this is narrower than
that' b u a n d a n f a : r d l r Kav. 24, I I ; dayyiq to:r 'a net for catching birds o r fish'; s.i.a.ni.l.g.
t a r Trrh. 233. 8. except NE; in SW Az., Osm.. 'l'kni. t o r ( s i c ) ;
1.-\v. in I'c. and other languages, scc U o n f ~ r
2 ta:r 'a raft made of inflated skins fastened I 1 054. Cf. 2 a:& Uya. V I I I ff. Dud. Sanskrit
together', alninst synonynious with 1 sa:l, jrilirrynsyn 'his net-niclon' (ric?) t o r 1 e r i i r
which seems, hcnvever, to mean 'a raft made of m o n u g T T V I I I G.59: X a k . xr t o : r (bi'l-
t i ~ n h e r ' ; 01-'itrld is not a common Ar. word, -i$bGf 'with back vomel') 'a trap o r net (nl-
Ilut would etsmologivallv tiiean 'a support'. -/u.rr z[,a'I-pnhnko) for catclling birds o r fish'
N ~ . ; i . b .T n t n : r , Ynhn:ku: X I tn:r 01-mittof Kti*r~.Ill 121; O . O . I I I 39, 17 ( I n:k); 57 (ynli-):
rcoh~co'l-'inad 'a raft'; that is skins ore inflated KI: 4262 (osanclur-): cia@,.xv ti. t u r 'a (tiair-)
arid thcir necks tied, then they are fastened net niadc of silk, or a fish-net' (balik ogi) L$I.
togethrr and made like a platfnmi (01- sat!^) on zog ; t o r 'anything ncttcd (n~rr~obbnk 6qfta) like
thc top of the water, arid people sit on t h m i n hunting-net (rt2rinr)or n ~votrinn'shair-net' Son.
and cross (rivers); they arc also made of reeds I 72r. R (quotn): X w a r . s ~ tvo r 'net' Qrrtb 182:
and branches Ka?. I11 148; a.o. 111 157 O s m . s v f f . ditto, in several texts TTS II
( I sa:l): KIP. xrv ta:r al-kulak 'a raft of goo; I V 7 5 6
skins' Id. 62.
to:r 'the place of honour' in a tcnt o r room, o r
3 ta:r a kind of milk product; s u r ~ i v e sonly(?) at a banquet, etc.; s.i.a.m.l.g.. but in SW only
in Ynkut t a r 'a kind of yoirrrt prepared in the it$ T k n i . tB:r. The' Sec. f. tBre: mentioned by
summer and kept to eat in ttie winter' Puk. I<a$. is not noteti elsewhere in this sense; it
2564; there niay however b e traces of this may be t h r sarne \vord as that mconing 'prince,
&rd in Mong. taro2 'coagulated sour milk' nohlrinan'. and t l ~ clikc, which is first noted
(ffn~nirrh14s) and I'e. tnr.rro9nn 'a prepnration in sac. :ind s.i.s.ln.l., hut see tiirii:. T t i r k i l
made of dried cords'. X a k . xr t a : r ?t~fdlafrr'l- vrri I I N l o ( a t - ; it is possible h u t improh.
-rrritrtr, eua ddlikn idZ rrsi&fi'l-snnm ba'dn'l- that the word h r r e is tiirii:): X a k . xr t6:r
-ic1iiboti1l-.rtrldsn rm bog*rz'l-lohuirtc'l-mir fi (hi'l-i~nrAtrr '\ritli a front vo\vel') tnrrqndda-
asfrzlihi 'niilk iesidut., that is the clotted milk nrir'l-hrryt 'ttie j)lace of h o n o t ~ r in 11 houge';
 MON.
o11e says tii:rke: keq 'pass to thc place 'to cr)llcct' 7'7' VI 259: Civ. x a n y a s a k
of honour' Kal. I I I 121; tiire: (with front t e r i i r m e n 'I am collectiny: the Xan's taxes
vr)wels) 'the place of honour in a house, and ( M o n ~ .I.-m.)' USp. 69, 2-3: X a k . X I 01
the seat of honour' (fodrrthrc); hence one says tava:r tP:rdi: 'he collected (cama'a) property',
tKre: yokla:c11: 'hc took the seat of honour in etc. Kas. III 181 (tC:re:r, tP:rdi:); o l y a r -
the house' (tofaddam Ji'l-bayt); also called ma:k tCrdi: 'he collected money' 11 39
tK:r 111 221: KB 262 (1 &I), 577, 614, 902, ( t b r e r , tkrme:k, in a grammatical excursus.
1661, etc.; (help Moslems in distress) b a y a t not a main entry); 8 0.0. translated cama'a,
b P r g e u q r n a k k 6 r o r n u 9 t a r - e 'God will mostly spelt tC:r-: KB neqe t e r s e d u n y g
give you paradise and your place (will be) the 'however much the world collects' (it comes to
seat of honolir' 3503 (the - e here is the usual an end) 114; t e r e r s e n y o r n l t s a s a q a r s e n
verse filler which is very common in KB, kamuf: 'you cr~llect(things) and when they
this is unlikely to he tore:): G a g . xv ff. t o r come together you scatter them 811' 719; 0.0.
xdno qodrz W P PV Irt~~ogi 'the seat of honour in 11I y, 1674 (co-ordinated with ylg-), 6079:
a house; a recess in a house (so used)' Vel. xrrr(!) At. b a x i l t P r d i z a r s i m 'the miser
.
204 (quotn.); t o r . . fadr-i xdna (quotns.) has accumulated gold and silver' 241 ; a.o.0.;
San. 172r. 9 (the next meaning 'opposite, Tej, t e r - 'to assemble (people)' 2 9 9 : xiv Muh.
facing' can hardly belong here); t a r e nasab cama'a d k r - Akl. 25, I ; Rif. 107; laqa.ta 'to
loo nijdd-ipdclijdhdn 'the family and lineage of gather, pick (fruit, etc.)' d6:r- 3 1 . 2 ; I r g ; al-
rulers' (quotti.); pihzddagdn rila acaldd-i pddi- -cam' d6:rmek (spelt -mak) 36, 3 (only): (hg.
$dhThdn 'princes and sotis of rulers' 173' 12 xv ff. t6r- (-ip, etc.) (ibr-, dmytr- 'to collect'
(quotn.): X ~ a r X. I I I ti)r 'the seat of honour' Vel. 1 8 4 4 (quotns.); t e r - ( I ) ridan in all the
Ali 48: xlv ditto Qrltb 184: K l p x ~ v ( ? ) meanings which it has in PC. 'to gather (fruit);
t(l:wlLr (sic, under !A'-warn) fadru'l-~naclis to pick (one's language), to spread (a carpet;
fd. 40: x v ~qdru'l-mahdnt o r Tuh. 22a. 2. to pick (flowcrs or vegetables)'; (2) har ridan
ma cam' kardan 'to collect, accumulate' Son.
M o n . V. DR- 19or. 9 (quotns.): X w a r . xrrr der-/dP:r- 'to
I
ta:r- 'to disperse, or divide up (something)', collect' 'Ali 30; t e r - 'to pick (fruit, flowers)
and the like. N.o.a.h. T h e supposed Sec. f. Qrirh 178; t e r - ditto 179: Klp. X I I I cama'a
tarn:- is rather dubious, and lnay be based on dPr- Hou. 33, 20: xlv id. 32 (baqak): xv
nothing niore than the fact that tara:-, q.v., cama'a ( y ~ y - ;in margin and) d e r - Tuh.
has a vaguely cognate meaning. I t is unlikely 12s. 5; damrna 'to collect' t e r - 23b. 2; laqnfa
that there is any real etymological connection ma cama'a wa qasgaga (to pick u p weeds)
between this word and Monp. tarka- 'to (gople- and) t e r - (in margin d e r - ) 32a. 8 :
scatter, disperse' (Intrans.; Haenisch 145) O s m . xlv ff. properly dPr-, but sporadicelly
which became a I.-w. in Xwar. xrv t a r g a - , d e r - 'to collect'; c.i.a.p. TTS I 197; 11 286;
r Qlrtb 171, and survives as t a r a - in several 111 187; Iv 213.
modern NE, NC, and NW languages: R III *tir- (d-) the basis of t i r i g , t i r g i i r - , t i r i l - ;
837, etc. X a k . xr b e g s t i s i n ta:rdi: the beg its exact nature is obscure; as it had a Pass.
dispersed (Jarraqa) his army'; also used of f. it was presumahly 'I'rans. and meant some-
anyone who disperses anything kbg. I11 180 thing like 'to hring to life, revive', but in that
(ta:ra:r, ta:rma:k); 2.0. I11 260 (tara:-): case the status of the Caus. f. t i r g i i r - with
I
(if I wanted to, I used to go after him) t u t a r precisely that meaning. is ohscure. T h e KIP.
e r d i m siisin t a m p 'and catch him and dis- word below looks niore like a back-fornation
perse his army' I 3 9 9 , 2 3 : KB (he breaks up the fr. t i r i g than a survival of the original verb.
enemy's ranks and) y a g i s ~ nt a r a r 'scatter his KIP. x ~ vt l r i - (sic) hayiya 'to live, be a1ib.e';
enemy' 2268: S I I I ( ? ) TeJ. t a r - 'to separate, also pronounced with d - fd. 38.
cause dissensir~n I>et%veen(?, people)' 287:
Xbvnr. X I V k n d g u t a r - 'tr) put a11 end to 1 t u r - ( ? d-) 'to stand', hoth in the sense of
distress' Q1r!b 171. 'to stand upright' and 'to stand still' with
various extended meanings. From an early
t k r - (d-) 'to hring together, collect. assemble'; date it urns also used as an Aux. V. fnllowing
I practically syn. w. yla-, hut there seem to be a Gerund in -u:/-ii, - p or -gall:/-geli: with
minor differences in shades of meaning in some different shades of meaning, but usually 'to
modern languages, e.e. in SE 'Tiirki 'to gather continue to (do something)'. From a date as
in (the harvest)' is ylg-, but 'to gather(berries)' early at least as Uye. Chr. the Aor. t u r u r ,
is t e r - . S.i.a.m.l.g.; in SW Az., Osm. d e r - later abbreviated to t u r l d u r , etc., hut no other
I
(lacking in 'l'km.) TiirkU vIrI (he campaigned part of the V. was used as a copula meaning
to the east and west and) tCrmig k u v r a t m ~ g 'is' and so replacing e r i i r . C.i.a.p.a.1.; in SW
'collected and assembled (the peoples)' I E 12; Az., Osm. d u r - in 'rkm. both t u r - and d u r - ;
II E I r : Uyg. vrrr t o k u z o g u z b o d u n ~ m l n as the vowel is short in 'I'km., Ka$.'s alterna-
'1 tPrii: k u v r a t ~ : n l t ~ m 'I collected and tive form tu:r- is prob. an error or dialect
assembled my people the l'okuz Okuz and form. Most Turkish grammars and some diets.
took (control of) them' $11. N 5 : ~ I I ff. I Dud. discuss the various idiomatic uses of this V. at
o l a r n l b a r q a b i r y e r d e yrglglar t e r i g l e r great length. Tiirkii r.111 a n t a : k a l m ~ g r :y e r
'collect (Hend.) thein all in one place' U IIZ sayu: k o p t u r u : alii: yor1yu:r e r t i g 'those
28, 5-6; 3.0. d i ~ .73, 24-5 ( k a v ~ r - ) ;t P r m e k of vou who remained there all \vent to all sorts
i trnnslatrs n Ctiitiese calendar sign tileaning lit. of countries nnd stsycd or died (there)' I S 9,
 M O N . V. D R -
! I N 7; the only other occurence is [nap] t u r u : dnnr' roo; evindin t u r u p qtktr 'he str)ocl up
(Rap] Ix. 21: V I I I ff. t u r - 'to stand still, re- and left his house' 480; o . ~ with . the same
main', and the like occurs ro times in IrkU ranyc of nieanings are cr)nllnt)n, 538, 541, 1296
e.g. Uze: t u m a n turdr: a s r a : tors turdr: 'the (tUr-a), etc.: sir(?) K U V P (every country
mist was stationary (or rose?) above and the has given this book a differer~tname) 01 Clnlg
dust helow' 15; karngayu: uma:tr:n t u r u : r b6giisi h a k i m i t u r u p 'thc sages and wise
'stands still unable to move' 16, 25, 37, 39; rncn of the country stood up' (and pave it a
a.0. 28 (1 &:I): Man. iize OII k a t k o k a s r a name looking to the local custom) 27: x r r ~ ( ? )
seglz (sic) k a t y 6 r be$ t e g r i iiqiin t u r u r KHPP t u r u r 'is' (which seems not to occur
'above the heavens in ten layers and beneath in KB) in comniori hnth as a copula, e.g. ((God
the earths in eight layers remain stationary for who) t u r u r 're' (the ~\lniiglity I<iri~)2, nnd
the sake of the live gods' Clirins. 42--4: Uyg. after Participles in -rnlq/-nllg, c.y. Cirista
V I I I [gap] t u r u p Su. S 6 perhaps the end of kllrnml$ t u r u r 'it has heen adnrncd' 10; At.
a longer word: V I I I ff. Man.-A t u r m l g k e r g e k t u r - 'to stand up', t u r u r 'is', several occur-
e r i i r 'they must remain' fil I 24, 3 ; (may our rcnccs; 7kf. t u r - 'to stand up, stnnd still';
twdics) biitiinin k a t a g l n t u r s u n 'remain - p t u r - 'to d o solnething contiriuously'
whole and strong' do. 28, 26: hlan. y a l ~ n l a y u -u:/-ii: t u r - ditto; t u r u r 'is, rxists' 31 I : xlv
t u r u r t a m u t l n ozt11ar 'they have escaped Muh. qdma d u r - Mel. 30, 4 ; t u r - Rif. 114;
from the continuously flaniing hell' T T III qvaqi~fn 'to stand still' clur- 32, 5 ; t u r - I 16;
135; t e k i p (for tegip) t u r u r 'continues to 01-qivZnt t u r m a k 35, 6 ; rzo; a.o.0.--for 'is'
reach'(?) do. 1 X 59: Chr. (the star) g u k t u r d 1 M P ~h. a s d u r i n I r , 12; 16. I and t u r i n 11, 13;
'stood still' U 1 6 , 9 ;kiitiirii u m a t l n t u r u r t u r u r in 18, 8 ; RiJ has d u r u r in 93, else-
'stands still unable to carry it' do. 8, 6-7; (the where t u r l t u r u r : Gag. xv ff. t u r - ( - m a y ~ n ,
llame rose and) k o k k a l ~ k k at e g l N r u r e r d l etc.) dm-, sdhi~r01- 'to be stationary' I'cl. 204-7
'stood erect right up to the fimiament' do. 8, (quotns.): t u r - ('with -u-') ( I ) istddnn 'to
14-bu t a g ertigii a g l r t u r u r 'this stone is stand up'; (2) 7ndndnn nun mnkot kardntr 'to
extremely heavy' do. 8, 4-5: Bud, y o k a r u remain, stay, halt' Son. 1 7 o r r3 (quotn",
t u r g a l ~'to stand up' PP 19, 5 ; y8ti kiin in both authorities the Aor. is t u r a r ) ; t u r one
t u r u p 'halting for seven days' do. 31, 4 ; of the copulas (raruirhi!) rnesning ost 'is'; e.g.
l g l n r n n ~t u r u o 'stop weeping and stand up' k k t f p t u r , kPlip t u r 'hc hns gone, hc has
do. 60, I ; Inqa t u r s u n 'thus may they reniain' cotne'; in this sense nlso d u r do. 17zr. 1 5 ;
TT I V 12, 42: k o r a y u t u r s u n 'may they d u r and d u r u r (but not t u r ) are mentioned
continuously diminish' do. 12, 45; a.0.o.: Civ. anlong the rnomibi? in 16r. 2 2 : X w n r . x l ~ r
(thr birds) u p u m a t l n t u r d 1 'stood still d u r - 'to remain' 'Ali 26: xrtl(?) t u r - ( I ) 'to
unable to fly' T'T I z 4 ; b u s u g kac,lgu belgiisl stand'; (2) as nn Aux. V. arid t u r u r 'is' are
e ~ i r et u r u r manifestations of grief and corlltnon in Ug.: xiv t u r - 'to stand' Qtitl) 186;
distress continuoucly surround you' do. 79; M N 95, etc.: K o m . srv t u r - 'to stand, stand
evtle t u r s a r 'if one stays at hotne' L'II 28, up, remain', and as an Aux. V, and t u r u r / t u r /
33-44; a.0.o.-in the late texts in USp. there d u r / d ~ r / d l ras a copula are very comtnon
are several occurrences of -p t U r U r e.p. CCf. CCG; Gr. 254-8 (nun~erousquotns.):
b o l u p t u r u r 'there is'; e r k t u t u p t u r u r 'are Krp. xi11 qdlnn nii?m'l-nc.~iqri/tun'l-lob! tca'l-
taking control' 21, 7-8: X a k . xr e r yoka:ru: -qiydni 'to halt; to stay, retuain; to stand up'
turdr: 'the man (etc.) stood up' (qdma); and t u r - Iioti. 43, 4 ; hriocn d u r 56, 15: xrv f u r -
one says turna:n turd]: 'the fog rose' (hdca) qrir?la rd. 62; t u r 'is' do. 23 ( a n u k ) ; d u r a
( t u r u r , t u r m a : k ) ; t u r u r this Aor. (&ibir) word (lafi-a) \vhicli accompnnies a statement
rerh is used without I'erf. or Infin. and means to emphasize it; in certain contexts the d- is
hurcn 'is', e.g. one says 01 ta:$ t u r u r 'that chanpcd (!nbnddnln) to f-, also d ~ l r u r l t u r u r
is a stone' and 01 kug t u r u r 'that is a bird'; do. 48; q<imn raa rvnqafa d u r - Urrl. 71r.: xv
this is a copulu in the sentence ($ilaJi'l-knldm), grinla f u r - Knv. I I , 5 ; Trih. 291-r.I I ; wnqafa
compnrable to Ar. ynrrbligi which has neither t u r - 7'1th. 3XI). 6 ; d l r / d u r is used for emphasis
Perf. nor Infin. Keg. I1 6: (in the section Knv. 35, 14-15; t u r l d u r 'is' T111r. 52h. 7;
for hlon. V. with lorig vowels) e r yoka:ru: a.0.n. O s m . xrv ff. d u r - (occasionally in the
tu:rdl: (same translation) (tu:rur, tu:rma:k); early period t u r - ) in the meanings given above;
t u : r u r a Future (nrristnqbnl) verb without Perf. c.i.a.p. T T S 1 2 3 0 ; 11327; I11 214; I V 248.
or Intin.. like Ar. yadn' and yndnr; it indicates
the stability ( ? or truth? qnrdr) of something, 2 t u x - 'to be, or becon~e,weak or ernaciatcd'.
ur its existence or position at the time of An early I.-w. with the same meaning in Mong.
speaking ( f i /rc?l<iikrli'l-dikr iyyljlru); hence one tura-ltrirri- (Haeniscli 155); survives in NE Kaq.
says 01 evde: turu:r (sic) 'he is (hS#ir) in the Koib., Sag. t u r a k a l - l t u r a p a r - ; Khak.
house', not meaning that he is standing u p t u r a p a r - 'to be exhausted' R 1111446; Bas.
(01-qiydni), and e r s o k e l t u r u : r 'the man is ill', 240. X a k . X I a t tu:rdl: 'the horse (etc.) was
not standing u p 111180; t u r - is very common weak o r emaciated' (hazaln) Ka?. III 181
and t u r u r fairly common as both are used in (tu:ra:r, tu:rma:k).
grammatical sections; in phr. like $ilk tur
rrrkrrf 'be silmt', I 335, 13. it nieans 'to stand tar- (d-) 'to roll u p (a scroll, one's sleeves,
still' not 'to stand up': KB (they mcre his erc.)'. S.i.a.m.l.g.; in NE 'I'uv. and SW Ostn.
advisers) b i r l e t u r u p 'staying with him' 49; d u r - . Cf. b u r - . Uyg. vrrr ff. Bud. Suv. 137, 4
(good fortune) k a p u g d a t u r u r 'stands at tlic (bi3g-): X a k . X I 01 b i t i g tilrdl: ~ n r n ~ ' l - k i ~ ~ i b
 DIS. DRA
'he rolled up the scroll (etc.)' Kai. II f 'a garden wall' 3 12: X I V M~rh.nl-qol'a 'fortrms'
(tiire:r, tilrme:k); a.n. I1 30, 2-5: O s m . xv tu:ra: Mel. 75, I j ; R I ~ 179:
. Gag. xv ff. t u r a
and xvr tlur- 'to roll up' in several tests 7"l'S ('with -u') 'a shield (halknn) the height of a
1 2 4 1 ; I V 260. man which soldiers hold in front of them in
battle and fight behind' VeI. 203 (quotns.);
Dis. DRA t u r a 'iron rods and plates of iron which they
fasten together with chains and hooks on the
teri: (d-) 'the skin, hide' (of a human heing or day of battle and niake into a line of defence
animal). S.i.a.rn.l.g.; in S W Az., Osm., Tkm, (11isdr-i lafkar) behind which they stand to
derl. Tiirkii vlrr ff. IrkB 44 (tigiig-): Uyg. fight' San. 173'. 16 (quotns.).
vllr ff. Mnn.-A (the louse) k l m k i g i n e ~
terlslnte i l t ~ i i p'which emerges from a man's V U t u n : 'bitter, acrid'; pec. to Xak. Xak. X I
skin' M 1 8, 14-15: Bud. (some people kill t u n : ne:g 'anything with a bitter, acrid taste'
aninlals and) t e r i s i n s o y a r (so read) 'strip (ta'm 'afis) like the taste of an oak-gall (01-'of,);
off their skins' PI' 3, 3; t e r l s i n s o y u p U III hence a man when he is disagreeable (pkisu'l-
52, 9: Civ. y ~ l a nterlsin 'a snake's skin' H -zcr~lrrq) is called turi: kigi: Kai. 111 220;
I 114; a.o. do. 129 (kirpl:): Xak. X I teri: o:lu:m o:ttn iqii:rdum iqti: bolup yii:zl:
a/-cild 'skin' Kaf. III 221 ; III 244 (*Ckki:le:-) t u n : 'I made him drink the potion of death
a.o.o.: x r r ~ ( ? )l'ef. t e r i 'skin' 300: xrv Muh. and he drank it making a wry face' (hlili&(n)
al-cild (human skin) deri: Mel. 45, 14; tC:ri: wnrhnhu) I 47, 16: K B (oh death!) islz e d g u
Rif. 139; a/-filrcua 'a fur coat' tleri: to:n 65, 7 negke s e n Bk s e n t u n 'you are (equally)
( H i f . 166 i:qmek): F a g . xv ff. t 6 r i deri plist disagreeable to bad and good things' 1538; am.
mn'nlislna 'skin' Vel. 186 (quotn.); tkri plist, 1334 v.1. in Vienna RIS., possibly authentic;
usually of the hides (cild) of animals or the 1706; 4553.
peel (qijr) of fruits and plants San. 193r. 27 S tore: See to:r and torii:.
(quotns.): X w a r . xrv t z r l ditto Qutb 175:
K o m . xrv 'skin, hide, leather' t e r i CCI, CCG; toru: (toro:) 'traditional, customary, un-
Gr. 242 (quotn.): KIP. x ~ teri: v al-cild bi'l-pif written law'; one of the basic political terms
'a skin with wool on it' Id. 38: xv a/-cild teri: of the Turkish pagan period. I t was closely
Kov. 61, 9 ; cild (inter alia) t e r (sic, with a note associated with 1 6:l and x a g a n in the sense
in the margin saying that it means a skin with that it could not exist without a 'realm' as its
wool on it); Tub. I la. 12 nut' 'a large piece of sphere and a 'ruler' to administer it. I t was
tanned hide' t e r l do. 36b. 5. adopted as a religious tern1 both by Buddhist
S t i r i See tirig. and Rlanichaean missionaries in the sense of
'a rule' subordinate to the prescriptions of the
V U 1 trlra n.0.a.b. only in I-lend. w. tl:n, true doctrine or religious law, no:m, q.v. In
with which it must be more or less syn. Cf. Xak., where it was still common, it meant
turallg. Ttirkii vrtr ff. Man. in the list of the 'custoni, customary law', as opposed to the
five Manichaean gods, the sons of Xorrnuzda, religious law of Islam (01-iari'a) and prob. also
t l n t u r a tegrl 'the god of the zephyr(?)' (the to the arbitrary decrees of rulers. It became an
wind god, the lipht god, the water god, early I.-w. in Mong. as d6re/tore. I t is not clear
and the fire god) Chuas. 34 ff.: Uyk. V I I I ff. whether the form t o r e current fr. the medieval
Man.-A the same list in M 1 2 1 , I (i) ff. period onwards, and still surviving in some NW
languages including Kar. T., R III 1250, and
2 t u r a : basically 'sorncthing to shelter behind', S W Osm. is a direct survival of the old word
used hot11 for permanent fortifications, and or a rehorrowing fr. Mong. and some con-
for portable 'breastworks' uhich could be fusion arises from the fact that it is homo-
moved about and fixed temporarily to the phonous with the word for 'prince' and the
jiround. A I.-w. in the first meaning in Mong. like in these and other languages, see t6:r.
(Koru. 1879, Nalfod 432) and Pe. and other Certainly in Osm. its true origin was so far
languages, see Doerfer I1 958; it survives in fc~rgc~tten that in Sunzi 449 it is spelt t u r a and
most NE languages R 111 1446, and Khak. described as a I.-w. fr. Hebrew torah. See
where the meaning has attenuated, through 1 toku:. Tiirkii vrlr torii: occurs about a
'stockade, fnrtified village' to 'town' and even dozen times, usually in association vv. 1 8:1,
'house'. Xak. XI t u r a : k a l k a n al-furs wa'l- e.g. (my ancestors the sugatrs took hold of the
-doraqa ma kull 7nli tasattora bihi'l-racul realm and) Qlig t u t u p torii:g Qtrnig 'having
mina'l-aduwzu 'breastwork, shield, and any- taken control of the realm organized the
thing that a man shelters behind from the (system of) traditional laws' I E 3, 11 E 4:
enemy' Kar. 111221; 0.0. 11356, 19 (kalkan 6li:n torii:si:n tuta: bCrmig 6ti: b Q r m t g
t u r a : domqatuh~c wa trtrsuhrr); I11 106, 14 I E I , II E 3, etc.; 0.0. by itself, (people who
(?, text perhaps corrupt): K B k a r a bayllkln had abandoned their realm and %atan, become
kildl ozke t u r a 'he made the wealth of the slaves and) M r k i i torii:sii:n l$gmmig 'given
common people a protection for himself' 2j6; up the Turku traditional laws' I E 13; 4qii:m
(some men expose themselves to swords and apa:m t8riisi:nqe: 'according to the tradi-
battle axes in battle) kayusl t u r a d n yulugda tional laws of my ancestors (Hend.)' I E 13,
k a r ~ r'some grow old behind breastworks in 11 E 12: V I I I ff. Man. n o m tBriig y a d t u r -
security ( ? , or as hostn~es)' 1736; 0.0. 5263 m a t i n t ~ d t ~ m le zr s e r 'if we have created
(ordu:), 6434: x111(?)'I'ef. b r ~ s t Z n n u gturasr obstacles by not preaching the doctrine and
 'I'R I S . D R B 533
could nut lind lodgings) t a r u d ~a j u n 'the ically, 'a calf which still follows its mother',
world was narrow' (i.e. he felt uncomfortahlc) becausc it is too young to leave her. It is likely
488: s i l l ( ? ) At. (it is God who gives you pain that this is the mcanlnl: intcndcd here, since
anti another man riches) c a z a ' k r l m a yH a Ililn. f. seems to survive in NE Alt. t o r b o k ;
r a n c i d i s i t a r u p 'oh, you who suffer pain d o Khak. t o r b a x ; SE Turki t o r p a k / t o p a k ; NC
not bc impatient In your <iisconifort' 464. IGr. t o r p o k ; Kzx. t o r p a k 'a calf in its second
year', see Shchcrhok, p. 102. X a k . xr tOrp1:
tire:- ((I-) 'to prop up, support'; s.i.a.rn.l.g. a[-fnbi' KG$. 1 4 1 5 .
with some rxtcnsions of mcanir~g;in S W Az.,
Osrn., d i r e - ; l ' k m . cll:re-. X a k . xr 01 k a p u f ! VUI) t i i r p i g I l r v . N. fr. tiirpi:-; 'a ra<p, a
t1rc:di: 'he propped up ('amtnada for M S . large file'. 'I'his is thc only word in the group
'nmndda) the dr)r~r';also used for proppiny which is not Ilap. leg.: it sunrive$ only in S W
u p (MS. 'ar,rtnntia) anything' KO$. III 262 Osm. t i i r p i ; 'l'km. t i i r p l ; as between the two
( t i r e : r , t i r e : m e : k ) : G a g . xv ff. t i r e - nasb pronunciatinns the 'I'krn. is likely to he the
hardntr 'to put up, rrcct', and rdsf hardan 'to
straiuhtrli' thc opposite of .mnr hnrdn~r'to make
clriginal oric; the w u n d change 0 ;. ii is
common in Osm. cf. tiirii:-. A 1.-w. in R u s ~ i a n
crooked' Son. rorr. 28 (qtlotns.): KIP. x ~ v ferprrg. X a k . xr t i i r p i g nl-sn/an 'a rasp', also
scc thrii:-. called totpigii: Knj. I 476: xrv nfuh. a[-
S t i r i - See *tir-. -midl)ar (sic., ?metathesis of mihrad 'file, rasp')
t8:rpi: (-b-) Mel. 84, I ; Rif. 190 (mis-spelt
tiiru:- (tiir6:-, ? d - ) 'to cori~einto existence, t6':ri:): KIP. xrv t o r p i : (-h-) a/-mibradu'l-kabir
to 11e created'. An early I.-w. in &long. ari 'a large rasp' Id. 38: O s m . xvrrr d i i r p i (spelt)
t o r e - / d o r e - (IJnnotisch 37, 152); survives in in Rlimi, 'a kind of file, o r rasp' (slihdtr) called
most NI*: languages as t o r 6 - / t o r e - R 111 in Ar. safnn Son. zzgr. 6.
1251-3 ; Ichak. t o r e - l t i i r i - ; T u v . tBrii- ; SW
'I'krn. d i i r e - , xx Anat. t o r e - / t i i r e - S D D 1393, PU t o r p u n Hap. leg. Cf. torp1a:-. X a k . xr
1408; the Osm. form is given as tiirc- in t o r p u n nl-taharri eca'l-qiyds 'seeking, measur-
Sanri 449, Red. 608. T i i r k i i vrll kigi: 0811: ing'(?); one says a n l g e v i n t o r p ~ n l a : (sic)
k o p olgeli: t8rii:mig 'the children of men all 'find out (tn!mrr) where his house is' Kaf.
came into existence to dic' 1 N 10: U y g . 1435.
vrrr IT. Man. (all the things which cause man- Dis. V. IIRB-
kind to suffer) t i i r i i y u r b e l g i i r e r 'come into
existence and appear' (as a consequence of V U torpi:- Hap. leg.; see t a r p i g . T h e
anger) T T IT 16, 48; k a g i c i n t e t6riirni.y modern syn. V.s are SW Osm. t i i r p i l e - ; T k m .
(human beings) 'who came into existence t o r p u l e - . X a k . XI e r y l g a : ~t6rpi:di: 'the
m ~ t h i n the ?' TT 111 115: Bud. I ~ k a g d a man smoothed (safana) the piece of wood'
t n r t i m i g ttig y e m i g l e r 'fruits (I4end.) that (etc.) K a f . 111275 (torpi:r, t6rpi:me:k).
grow on bushes and trees' U I 2 7 , 3 ; k a r l m a k
iilrnek t o r u y i i r 'old age and death come VUI) t a r p i t - Hap. leg.; Caus. f. of torpi:-.
a b o ~ ~I1 t ' 5, 15; yEr t e g r i t o r u m i q t e 'ever X a k . X I 01 m i i g i i z t o r p i t t i : 'he had the horn
since earth and heavcn came into existence' (etc.) smoothed' (asfnna) KO$. 11 327 ( t o r -
PP 5 , 8 ; 0 . 0 . 7 ' T X 500. etc.: Civ. [gap] pitii:r, t o r p i t m e : k ) .
t n r i i g e y 'will come into existence' TT I 108: VUU t o r p i l - Iiap. leg.; Pass. f. of t6rpi:-.
X a k . X I y a l g u k torii:di: 'man came into X a k . XI y ~ g a tiirpildi: :~ ( M S . t6rpuldi:) 'the
existence' (in.xalri~n);this is Intrans. (IZzitn) piece of wood was smoothed with a rasp'
and means xuliqa 'was crcated' Kay. I11 262 (snfina . . . hi'l-safnn) Ka?. 11 229 ( t 6 r p i l u : r
(torii:r, tvrii:mc:k): KB t o r i i m i g new e r s e (MS. piil-), t 6 r p i l m e : k (bd' unvocalized)).
y o k a l g u t u r u r 'if a thing comes into existence
it is dcstined to perish' 692; 0.0. 15 ( t a n u k ) , PIJ(D) torp1a:- Ilap. leg.; Den. V. fr. * t o w ,
882, 883, etc.: G a g . xv ff. tore-(-cli)/torii- which must be cognate to t o r p u n . X a k . X I
(-di) yok ikru ncstre dcrii- ya'rti h d ~ i 01-, l icdrl e r torp1a:dl: ne:gni: 'the man tried to find
nro'rrdstrtn 'of somethinp which did not exist out about (&IS. m i r o ~ d z ,clearly an error for
to comc into existence in the sense of heing tu!lorni) the thing' KO& 111 443 ( t o r p l a : r ,
created' Vet. 207 (quotn.); t o r e - (spelt) tazolid torp1a:ma:k).
ya/fnn zu? ha-hanr rnsidan 'to be born, to come
into rxistcnce' Son. 171r. l o (quotn.): K o m . V U D t o r p i g - Hap. leg.; Co-op. f. of t8rpi:-.
X I V 'to be born' t o r e - L'CG; Gr. 251 (quotns.): X a k . X I 01 m e n i g hirle: y l g a : ~t o r p i g d i :
(KIP. xrv to:re- jorasn 'to plant, set up' Id. (translated) 'he helped me to smooth ( f isa/n)
38 looks like an error for tire:-, unless Qurisa the piece of wood ; also used for cr~mpeting
'to be planted' is read, but this would not give Kaf. I1 204 (torpigii:r, t o r p i q m e : k ; the
a very convincing meaning): O S ~ xlV . to XVI translation is erroneous, it means 'he con>-
tliirll- (1'9's diirii-) 'to come into existence, peted with m e in smoothing . . .').
be horn'; in several texts TTS 1 2 4 2 ; I1 342;
I11 226; I V 260. Tris. DRB
VUD torpigii: N.1. fr. torpi:-; pee. to Xak.
Dis. DRB X a k . XI torpigii: nl-ra/antr'lladi yrtsfon bihi'l-
PU torpr: Hap. leg.; al-fnbi' normally means, -xagab 'a rasp for smoothing wood' KO$. I491 ;
quite generally, 'a follower', but also, specif- a.o. I 4 7 6 ( t a r p i g ) .
53.4 'I'R I S. . UIttI-
l'ris. V. I)RU- &Ian.-.4; hlan.; Igud.; Civ. tiirt is cotnrnon:
X a k . X I t o r t yarma:k 'fnur dirhoiirs'; also
1'01) torp1nla:- IInp. Icg ; I k n . V. fr. t o r -
p u n . Xak. X I KO$.I 4 3 5 ( t o r p u n ) ; n.m.e. 'four' of anything else; also(pronouncr~l)tii:rt,
the form with -@:- is better (01-orpcod) Koj.
I'LJI) t o r p u n l a n - klap. Icp.; Ilefl. f. of t o r - I 3 4 1 ; a.0.n.: K B tiirt is common: X I I I ( ?At. )
p ~ n l a : - .Xak. X I c r torpunlantlr: 'the rnan t o r t 3 1 ; Tpf, t n r t 3 10: XI\. Mr~h.'four' dK:rd
tried to find out (to!rorrrT) ahout the thing' Kay. nlrl. HI, 6 ; tn:rt Rif. 186; Ilflzoatir'l-orha'n
I 1 275 (torpuntanu:r, torpun1anma:k). 'quadruped' do:rt aya:kli: 138 (only; MS.
yn:kn): (;a& xvff. t i i r t l t o r t e r 'four'San. 17zr.
Dis. DRC 2 1 (folln\ved hy several phrs.): X w a r . X I I I ( ? )
tiirt (or diird ?) O,@.103-7: xrv tiirt Qrcrh 1x4;
1) terqi: N.Ag. fr. te:r; 'a hired lahourer, one illN ~ 1 9 Nnhc.
; 2, I 1, etc.: K o m . xrv 'four'
who works for wages'. N.o.a.h. ( U y g . V I I I ff. titrtldiirt ( ~ i rcl-, vtry rarc in I<o~li.)C C G ;
Civ. tiirt terqi 'fol~rlahourera' is a niisrcadinp (;r.: KIP. X I I I 'four' dii:tt llorc. 22, 4: X I V
of t o r t t r r ~'four measures' (of cotton seed)): diird I d . 22 (5.v. almgu:); tiirt do. 38; Ilrrl.
X a k . X I terqi: 01-orir 'a 11ircd Iahourer' KO?. 12, l o : s v tliirt Knv. 65. 6 ; Tiill. 6ob. 7
; III 148 (te:r): srv ~llrclr.(?)nl-nrir
I J I ~ a.o. ;I.o.o.: O s m . X I V tf. cliirt in various phr. and
tcrqi: R ( f . 147 (only). dcr. f.'s T'TS I 22s; 11 321; I V 243.
L) torql: N.:\a. fr. to:r; 'a nrttcr (of birds or
fish)'. N.0.a.h. Uyg. V I I I IT. Rud. (in a list of M o n . V. 1)RI)-
tlisreputablc professions) k e y i k ~ iagql tuz-
akql .. . torqI q t v g a q ~'wild game hunters t a r t - ( ? t i - ) hasically 'to pull, or r l r : ~(somc-
tliinp .Ice.)', hut with many extended nican-
~
([lend.), trappers, nctters, bird snarers(?)'
7'T I V 8, 56-7; (in a similar list) b a l ~ k q i irigs of which 'to weiph' is thc oldcst. In R I11
avql torql (transcribed t o ~ ~ iin, error?) it occupies thrcc colunins, 857-60. S.i.a.m.1.g.;
tuzakqt 'fishermen, wild game hunters. in SIV Az., T k ~ n, and old Osni. d a r t - , in later
netters, trappers' PP I , 8. Osm. and Rep. 'I'. t a r t - . Uyg. vrlr ff. Man.-A
J.lnn.-tctg. Frog. 400, 6 (soydur-): h4nn.
Dis. V. DRC- If'ind. 3 (sorgu:): Bud. k o r k t n q l n r d l n t a r t -
day1 'who draws (mankind) away from the
V U tiirqi:- 'to begin, start' (Trans. and fcars (of the three evil ways)' U I1 59, I (i);
Intrans.). N.0.a.h.; cf. 1 ba$la:-. Uyg. vrrr IT. lglgnk t a r t g a y m e n ' I will pill1 thc cord' PP
Bud. (feverish diseases) a l k u t u t d a q l ugu$- Ho, 4 ; (the hnir on your head is nrran~ctlin
lnrlndln tiirqimig '{vhich 1)cniri from all thc plaits) b i r i n t a r t m l g t e g 'as if thcy had hecn
clans of gripping (den~ons)' C: II 68, 4 (i); pullcrl up onc by one' T T X 436; o.o. do. 443 ;
s a n g tozliig i g affrlf! k a y u iidte tiirqiyiir 7'7' 1' 26, 85; ifiirn-ts. z r 19-2 I (sr:gun);
'in which sca;on d o illtic-,scs (Iicnd.) arising [ I I f ' lo, .+8 ( 1 43, 13) ; Stilt. 430, 7 ff. Ctc. :
from bile hcpin?' Srr7~.588. 19-20; 0.0. 592, Civ. kiqig ojilan yel t a r t s a r 'if dernoiiiacn!
J ; 503, 2 etc.: X a k . sl e r I:$ tiirqi:di: 'the man posscssion (or the wind?) pulls a small I)oy
began (hndn'a) the task' KO$. 111275 (tiirgi:r, 7'T CI'I 2 7 , s ; y f l t a r t l p H 1 1 2 4 ; in T T V I I I
t6rqi:me:k): K B Cligke kirii h a m qlka L.25 ff. t a r t - seems to nwan 'to suhtract'; n.o.
tiirqidi 'he began to come into the king's 7'1' I 51: X a k . X I ol y a r m a : k tarttt: 'hc
prciencc and go out again' 733. ~veiphcd(runznno) the silver coin (ctc.)'; and
VLJ1) tiirqit- [lap. leg.; Caus. f. of t 6 r ~ i : - . one says 01 y ~ tartti: p 'he strctclicd (maddn)
Xnk. SI 01 a g a r I:$ tiirqitti: 'he told him the cord' (etc.); and one says 01 t a r t l n tarttr:
irntrirn minn'l-nrirn 'he drca, (i.e. procured) pro-
to hefin (ahdn'nhic) the task' K a b II 329
(tiirqitu:r, torqitme:k). visions'; also used \\hen one drags (cndnbn)
anything'; one also says ol etii:kin t a r t t l : 'he
T r i s . DRC: pullcd off (tmzn'n) his boots' Knj. I11 426
(tarta:r, t a r t m a : k ; prov.): K B ell$ t a r t t t
1) tnriiqi N.:Ic. fr. tiirii:; 'one who prescribes a g t l n 'he drcw Iiis hand hnck from thc foucl'
rules'. I'ec. to I'yi. Dud. UyR V I I I ff. Und. 5 5 4 % ; a , < > . S6 (tn:g): X I I I ( ? )Tqf. t n r t - ' t o
kiiriirnqi trlntt t e r s tetrii tiiriiqi 'people w l ~ o pull, dmp: tn dr:l\v (;I slvnrd, n borv); to rvciph'
prescribe false (Hcnd.) rules, soothsayers, and 288: xrv illnIr. mndr/n da:rf- Alrl. 31, 3 ; t a r t -
the like' T T VI 331; 0.0. h-~~lro~t. 127-8 (egll). Ri/. I I S ; nro!oln 'tr, stretch' da:rt- 31, 7 ( I I 5
yo:ba:-); 7UoZn7lO da:rt- 32, 3 ; d a r t - I 16:
hlon. DRD 01-cndab tn:r.lmak 37: I r ; I 2 3 ; 01-runz?~
VU t l r t Hap. leg.; onomatopoeic for a tearing d a : r t m a k 39, 1 (126 u1gii:le-); istnqri'l-mC'
sound. X a k . X I one says an19 to:nln t t r t t l r t 'to d r a m water' su: t a r t - ro3 (only): C8g.
yirttl: 'he tore his garment with this sound sv ff. t a r t (-ar, etc.) cek- 'to pull,draw', e.g.
o%vingto carelessness' Kng. 1341. a sword, a bow, and other things; iq- 'to drink'
in the sense of toinrim pek- 'to drain (a poblet)',
t n r t ( ? dii:rd) 'four'; c.i.a.p.a.l.; in NE T u r . and othcr idiomatic meanings of ~ e k - Vel.
d o r t ; S\V Az. d n r d , Osm. d b r t , Tkm. db:rt. 163-5; tart-,(spelt) kn$irlon 'to pull, draw' in
..\ lonp vo\vel hefore a final consonantal cluster all the rncalunp!: of the Pe. V., e . 'to ~ drain
is very unuaunl. hut may exist in this word in (a cup), to take (revenge). to suffer (grief o r
view of the Tkni. form. Tiirkii VIII; vrrr ff. pain), to xvcigh, to drasv (a picture), to witll-
(including hian.) t a r t is common: Uyg. VIII ff. dmw, to clraw (breath)' a n d so o n ; in Turkish
 DRD
it also means (of the eye) 'to throh'; two of diirt- 'to wipe, anoint, rub ( ~ o m e t h i n ~on';
)
Vcl.'$ translations are not quite accurate San. fairly common T T S I 242; II 341 ; 111 225;
153v. 2 (cluotns.): X w a r . xrlr f a r t - 'to \rclghl I V 261.
'Ah 57: XIII(?)t a r t - ( ? or d a r t - ) 'to draw to
oneself (as a friend)' 02. I 10; 'to draw (money Dis. D R D
from the treasury)'do. I r g : xrv t a r t - 'to drag; PU(D) t a r d y Hap. leg. and of unknown
to draw hack; to suffer (pain)', etc. (as In meaning; perhaps a Den. N. in -drq, hut see
Son. equivalent to Pe. hn7idnn) Qutb 172; M N savdrq. Uyg. VIII ff. Man. (the demons)
232, etc.: K o m . xrv t a r t - 'to pull, draw', and t a r d y t e g etozin k o d u r 'lay down his body
in idioms 'to grind (corn), tighten (a belt), like a ?' M 11 11, 14-15.
suffer (pain)' C C I , C C G ; Gr. 236 (quotns.):
Kip. xrv cadaba t a r t - Hou. 35, 4 ; mrra 'to D t a r t l g ( ? d - ) Ilev. N. fr. t a r t - ; s.i.s.m.1. as
pull' t n r t - do. 39, 9 ; rvnzonn minn'l-ruazn t a r t l l t a r t u l t a r t r k with such meanings as 'a
t a r t - (trrrt-) do. 40, I 5 ; mndda of stretching weight (for a weighing machine); cramp;
a cord and the like t&t- (pirut-) do. 43, 22; stammering; evasive; oblique'. Uyg. VIII ff.
a.0. do. 34, I (iigit-): xrv t a r t - hoth cadaba I h d . IJ I 1 40, 107 (uqrug): X a k . XI t a r t l g
and maaatta Id. 62; r ~ n z a ~ tdna r t - (with .t- &Jru'l- (MS. in error $afru'l-) roc111 wa
written over thc- d - ) Eli/. 87v.: xv nntafa 'to biznmrcltlr 'a man's plait of hair and ribbons for
prtll out, extract' t a r t - l t a r t a - Trih. 3 7 a 13 it: t a r t r g dtc'd'tc'l-ntalik Irajiyatahtr li-amr
(cadahn and cnrra are translated by cek-): bndo'a lnhrr 'a summons from the king to his
O s r n . xrv fT. dart-(the older form)/fart- 'to retainers for some work which he has initiated'
pull; to weigh; to suffer; to draw together Kng. I 462 (and see t a r t ~ g q r : ) : Gag. xv ff.
(wealth)', etc.; c.i.a.p. T7.S I 6 8 1 ; 11882; 111 tartti: pijknj 'a gift' 17cl. 167; ditto San. 1 5 4 ~ .
672; Ilf 191. 25 (quotn.): KIP. xlv ! a r b al-mizdn 'a
weighing machine' Id. 6 2 : xv taqdima 'a gift'
t i i r t - (d-) originally 'to rub, anoint (with oint- t a r t r k Tub. 8b. 3 : O s m . xlv to xvr t a r t u k
ment)', and the like; this meaning survived 'a gift'; in several texts T T S 1 6 8 4 ; I1 883;
in Ostn. till XVII but seems now to have I11 672 (this looks like a parallel Pass. Dev. N.
disappeared everywhere, other words like in -uk).
s i i r t - and 1 y a k - being used instead; it now
means 'to prod, push up (a tent pole),
D t o r t g i l (d-) Den. N./A. fr. tBrt; 'quad-
nudpe, jog (someone's elbow or memory), rangular, quadrangle'. Not listed in R. but
incite'. S.i.a.m.1.g.; in Az., Osrn., 'Tkm. diirt-. appears in several modem dicts., perhaps
(Tiirkii V I I I ff. tiirtrny in Irk13 55 is prob. revivals rather than survivals, N E Khak.
t o r t k i l ; N C Klr. tBrtkUl: Kzx. tBrtki1; NW
a mistranscription of tBriitmig, q.v.): Uyg. Kk. tiirtkiil; Kumyk dBrtgiil; Nog. d o r t k i l .
vrrr ff. Bud. (putting on clean new clothes and) U y g . vrrr ff. Dud. t o r t g i l m a n d a l 'a quad-
e t o z i ~ eedgil p ~ dy l p a r tiirtiip 'ruhhing
sweet perfumes ([lend.) on his body' Suo. 519, rangular mandala' (Sanskrit; 'magical draw-
14-15 ( I J I 29, 12-13): Civ. (if you hurn a ing') 111147, 74; Sttv. 544, 8: Xak. X I tiirtgil
dog's tooth and) negiike t i i r t s e r tii i i n m e z (the kr7f carries both karra and damma) e v
b o l u r 'rub it on any place, hair does not grow a quadran~qtlar(murabba') house'; and any-
there' T T 1/12 23, 3: (crush rastorelrnr in water thing else quadrangular Ka?. III 417: K o m .
and) ttirtsiin 'ruh it on' H 2 1 2 5 ; a.o. do. 174: xlv 'quadrangular' tiirkiil (sic, ?in error)
X a k . XI ko:nke: ya:g tiirtti: 'he rubbed C C I ; Gr.: Krp. xv murohha' (qiimeli, q.v.;
in margin in second hand) dnrdiil, also called
(lntaxa) oil into the leather'; also used for any
kind of ruhhing Kay. 111425 (tiirte:r, tiirt- dortgiil Ttrh. 3 3 a 8 ; (in a list of words with
me:k): KB a j u n t u r t t i yiizke k o m i i r t e g this Suff.) murabba' d o r t g i i l do. 62a. 4.
b o d u g 'the world rubbed a charcoal-like colour D t a r t ~ : n( ? d - ) Intrans. Dev. N. fr. t a r t - ;
on its face' 3837: xlv Muh.(?) d(t1nka wa talc survives only(?) in SW Osrn. t a r t l n 'a con-
'to rub (with the hand), to anoint' d i i r t - Rif. tinuous roll or swagger in walking' Red. 1220
rog (only); !alZ diirt- 112: G a g . xv ff. tiirt- (only). Listed in a chapter containing words
(-pelt; 'with -U-') ,firti htrrd(zti 'to tiring down, with four consonants, the last -n, indexed
lay low'; (this meaning scenir to have been under the penultimate letter and immediately '
wrondy inferred fr. a Terse which, contrary to following 'r: in its first occurrence the tri' is
the usual practice in Son. is transiated word not dotted; the -6- in the printed edition is an
for word, partly here and partly under error. X a k . XI tart1:n 'a group of tribesmen
qerme:-; it relates to an elephant and says (camtI'a mina'l-qamm), who are the retinue of
y e t i p t i i r t g e q s a d r a - a s 5 m a n a r translated their chief (roht li-kabir minhrrm) and under
'reaching and bringing down the pillar-like his orders': tartr:n al-tnira 'provisions' Kaf.
lotus tree'; the true meaning seems to be 1 4 3 5 ; a.0. III 426 (tart-). .
'reaching and rubbing aaainst . . .') Son. 17rr.
26: KIP. XIII (after arba'a d a r t ) wa huwa (i.e. f3 tijrtunq (?dB:rdiiny) Ordinal f. of tBrt;
dii:rt) is an Imperative addressed to someone fourth'. This shorter form n.0.a.b.; the longer
whom you wish a n yadkur dayraht bi-itrzfi'l- form in -linqu, etc. first appeared in the
-npil~i' 'to remind someone by prodding him medieval period and is now universal; in NW
with a finger' lforr. 22, 4: XIV dlirtdi: (sic) Kumyk dirrtilnqii; hlog. d o r t i n g i ; SW Az..
nagnzo 'to tickle, tease'; diirttl: (sic) dnhnna Osm. dnrdiinqii; Tkm. do:rdinci. T i i r k t i
'to.anoint (with oil)' fd. 48: O s m . s l v to xv11 v r r ~ff. Man. tortiin$ Chuas. 64: Uyg. VIII ff.
(if a man has a mole on hi? thumb) k a kad:~gka me:k): K B tiger a t l n i i n d c p u n l n liirtiigup
t a r t l n g u q l h o l u r 'he becomes closely at!ached 'they call out and praise his name, anointing
to his family and relations' TT VII 37, 13-14: it nith their i-vices' 1)s.
X a k . X I e r ogllga: t a r t l n d ~ :'the man loved
his son tenderly' (nyfaqo 'nli walodilri) and 'Tris. D R D
wished that all kinds of good things (.uojr) or
food should he presented to him; and onc says L) t a r t ~ g q l :(d-) I-lap. leg.; N.Ag. fr. t a r t ] &
o l evke: t a n g tartcndt: 'he pretended to X a k . X I (after t a r t l g ) hence one says h e g d i n
convey (.vanqnl) wheat into his house' (MS. in tartlgq!: keldi: 'a messenger bearing a sum-
error 'out of his house'); also used when mons (01-rifi'i) arrived from the king or the
nomads (ohlrr'l-mnbar) ohtain provisions (inr- brr.' Kny. 1462.
tarn) from the sedentary population (nlrltr'l- L) tiirtegii: (d-) Collcctive f. of t o r t ; 'all four,
-mndnr) Kof. II zqo (tartrnu:r, t a r t l n m a z k ) : four tngcthrr'. S.i.a.m.1g. except SW, usually
K o m . xlv 'to iinapine (something)' t a r t l n - with the - 9 - elided, and sometimes in the
C C I ; Gr.: O s m . x ~ vto xvr d a r t r n - (occa- l'urco-~Mong, f. with -let-len appended (cf.
sionally t a r t t n - ) 'to shun, guard aaninst, ugegu:). Uyg. vrtr ff. Bud. Ti'$. 26h. 5 etc.
withold', etc.; common T7.S I 680; II 3x3; ( u r u g u t ) : Civ. (human hilc, pig's bile, goat's
I11 672; I V 743, hile, hare's bile) bu tiirtegiide k a y u s t b o l s a r
I1 t u r t u n - (d-) ReH. f. of t u r t - ; 'to rub onto 'whichcvcr of these four is available' H 1 2 5 :
oneself'. N.o.a.b. in this meaning. Uyg. $hg. xv ff. t o r t e / t n r t e l e ~ t o r t e w l edrirdi bile
v ~ r rff. I h d . kanlrg t u r t u n g u u z e t u r k a r u fout of thern together' Vel. 206; t b r t e w
e t o z l n t u r t i i n u r e r d i 'he used constantly to fahdr tri 'four together' (quotn.); t 6 r t e w l e
rub his body withointment madeofblood' U I V (spelt) ditto Snn. 17zr. 27: X w a r . xrv tBrtegu
34, 52-3; a.0. TT X 294: Civ. tiirtiingii1e:r Qritb 184: KIP. s r v d o r d e w u nl-arbo'ntu'l-
t i i r t u n i i p TT V I I I I.17: X a k . X I 01 o:zi:ge: -mtrctama'a Id. 22 (under altagu:): xv (in the
ya:g tiirtundi: 'he busied hinlself with oiling list of Co1lectii.e~)d o r t e w lirh. 61b. 10.
(bi-iddihrin) himself'; also used for pretending 1) tiirtiingu: Dev, N. (Conc. N.) fr. t i i r t u n - ;
to oil Kay. II 240 ( t u r t u n u : r , turtiinme:k). 'ointmcnt'. N.o.a.h. TJyg. vtli ff. Bud. San-
D t e r t e r - Hap. leg.; Caus. f. of t e r i t - ; per- skrit nul~pana 'orntment' tiirtiingu (spelt
haps to be read t e r d e r - (cf. togder-); -r- in tiirtiimkii) 'I'T VIII D . I ~ 0.0.
; U 1140, 106-7
T T VIII sometimes represents -d-. Uyg. (sil-); I V 34, 52-3 ( t u r t u n - ) : Civ. TT VIII
vrrr ff. Civ. i g l i g (spelt iklig) kigike: uza:tr I.17 (tiirtun-).
t e r t e : r m i g kerge:k (spelt kerkrh) 'you must 11 t a r t ~ g l l g(d-) Hap. leg.; P.N./A. fr. *tartrg
make the sick men sweat for a long tlnle' TT Dev. N. fr. t a r t - ; (passions) 'which drag
V I I I M.35. (a man)'. Uyg. vrrl ff. hlan. T T III 42
1) tartrg- (d-) Recip. f. of t a r t - ; s.i.rn.m.l. (iliplig).
with a wide range of nieanings of which the T r i s . V . DRD-
commonest is 'to struaglc, quarrel (with one 1) toriitiil- ( ? d - ) Hap. leg.?; Pass. f. of
another)'. U y g . ~x III C.9 (kunup-): X a k . tiiriit-. X a k . X I I<B k a m u g harp m u g l u g
xr o l rnaga: u r u k t a r t ~ p d l :'he helped m e to t o r u t u l m i g i 'all rhings created bl- Him suffer
stretch (fi marid) the cord'; and one says pain' 5.
tart tad^: ne:g tncri~abot ncz6'r~'l-yay' 'the M r ~ n .DRC
parts of the thin^ were pulled apart'; and one
says 01 m e n i g birle: ya: tartlgdr: 'he corn- ?I3 t u r k (d-) 'the lcnath' (of something).
peted with nie in stringinp(firarutir) a bow and Survives in N C Klr., Kzx. t u r k ; Tkm. d u r k ;
drawing it' (caLibilzi); and one says 01 maga: NE Tuv. d u r t is eanctly synonytnous. T h i s
altu:n t a r t t g d ~ : 'hc hclped m e to weigh (fi suggests that the t x o words are Dev. N.s in - k
roazn) the gold', or to weigh anything else Kay. and - t respectively fr. t u r - . In other languages
11 205 (tartlgu:r, tart1gma:k); s a k a l t u t u p u z u n or a der. f. of it is used in this sense.
t a r t l g u r translated 'the warriors pull (tn'nllo- Uyg, vrrl ff. Bud. (at the bottom of the river
qnt) one another's beards in the stress of the there are iron spibe;) a l t ~ r a yCgirmi
r eqek
heat of battle' I 230, 5 ; (if the wolf howls in (so read) t u r k l 'each sixteen fingers (i.e. inchrr)
the steppe) evde: rt b a g r t : tartrgu:r 'in the long' TM I17 253, 50-1 (the phr. is repeated in
house the dog's livcr aches (yolamnccn') in do. 65-6 with uzunr for t u r k l ) : Civ. t u r u k
sympathvl I11 255, 24: G a g . xv H. t a r t l g - u z u n i s ) & 'a prolonged fever' H I 2 seems to
Co-op. f.; hri-hntn kn~idnn 'to pull (etc.) contain the same word: X a k . xr one says for
together', and knsfi-knf knrdan 'to contend, the length (01-tril) of any solid object (cism)
fight with one another' Snn. 154r 4: O s r n . X I V t u r k ; hence one says hi:r sugu: turkl: 'about
d a r t l g - l f a r t ~ g -'to argue, quarrel', in one or the length (qadr !ti/) of a lance' and y k r h i :
two texts TTS I 681. t u r k c 'the breadth and length of a piece of
land' Kay. 1 3 4 9 .
D turtiig- (d-) Recip. f. of t u r t - ; n.0.a.b.
X a k . X I 01 m e n i g birle: kogugka: ya:g Dis. D R ~
tiirtiigdi: 'he competed with tne in rubbing
( f i lafx) oil into the hide'; al-o for ruhhinp S t a r a k See t a r g a k .
anything else KG$.I I zog (tilrtugii:r, tiirtiig- D t a r ] % Dc\-. N. (Conc. N.) fr. t a n : - ; has
 two basic meanings ( I ) 'cultivated land', which hi:r t o r u g k a : nldlrn 'I houghc this slave for
is somewhat attenuated in the phr. t a r @ tart:-, one horsc' (hi-Jams); also used of canlels and
almo5t syn. w. tart:-; (2) 'the prodt~ce of cattle metaphorically: t o r u g (the rd' seems to
cultivated land', usually some kind of grain. carry a kasro and pcrhaps also a damma) a t
..
Sunrives in NE Khnk. t a n g 'sowing', as in
spring sowing, sowing arra; 1uv. t a r a : 'crop,
al-Jarasrc'l-kumayt 'a hay horse' Kay. I 373
(it is not at all certain that the first word belongs
grain crop, cereals, millet'. Elsewhere t a r t in here, if it does it is used metaph.; it miaht he
most languages; N C Klr. taru:; SW Az., a second meaning of t u r u g which precedes it,
Osm., I k m . d a r t means 'millet'. In modern hut there is no obvious semantic connection
tirnes confused with Pe. d a r ~ 'medicine,
i drug', with 1 t u r - ; the l'ijrkii rvortl ahove is likply
which has come to mean 'gunpowder' and to he the same); a.o. I 3 3 8 ( 2 turn): Kip. xlrl
is a I.-w. in the last sense in several Ian- 01-htrtnoyt to:ru: Ilorr. 13, 4 : xlv t o r u : nl-
guages, usually as tnri. This confusion may -krrmayt td. 6 2 : xv klrmnyt t o r u ; T k m . t o k r u
have produced the d - in the S W languages Trrh. oh. l o (the 'I'km. spelling nil hr an
since t a r ~ g l n : g has become t a r l a not darln attcnlpt to rrprcsrnt thc -0:- nf mo<leh~'l'kr,l.).
in those languages. T i i r k u V I I I ff. (the black
cloud rose and rained on everything) t a n k I) t u r u g ( d - ) 1)cv. N. fr. I t u r - ; lit. tand din^';
higdl: 'the crops ripcnrd' I r k n 53: UyR. 'a place to stand or stev'. 'I'hcre is ohvinus
V I I I ff. hlan.-X I t a r a g 'bushes and cultivated roonl for cnnfusion hct\vccn this word, which
ground' 111 III 13, 6 (ii): Bud. t a n g t a r l y u only occurs certainly a s I~clow,and 1 t u r u k ,
PP I . 6 ; I 3, 3 ; h a g b o r l u k i t a n g t a r i m a k (1.v. Uyg. V I I I ff. Civ. Zl.'?p. 36 is a hrinf report
u g r u n d a 'in the cvursc of cultivating gardens, that so:nc shcep and goats had died t u r u g l n t a
vineyards, hushes, and cultivated land' U 1177, 'in thrir shelter'(?): X a k . X I t u r u a 01-mazar
27; T T I V ro, 6 ; (vegctahles, fruit, melons) 7cahrt.a'l-ilm'qilffl-cibel'a place of refuge, that
beg tiirlug I tamp 'the five kinds of bushes is a shelter in the mountains' Kay. I 373;
and cultivated land' (or 'bush and field crops'?) t u r t g (sic) art tl:z 'the namc of a summer
T T VIII K.4; 0.0. U I 27, 5 ; T T V I 10s station of ICBggar' I 373; a.o. 111 123 (ti:z)
and 454 ( u ' u ~ ) ; Hiirn-ts. 291-2 (ugug), etc.: may contain this word; a.o. 11 152 ( s I ~ I ~ - ) :
Civ. st] t a n g 1 yavrz b o l u r 'his bushes and K R k a p u g d a 4 t e b 4 r s e o l d r u g t u r u g (the
cultivated land turn out badly' TT V I I 12, gate-keeper) 'must arrange places to sit and
8-9; (as I need) t a r l g t a r l g u y 8 r 'some land stand at the gate'.
for cultivation' USp. r I , 3 ; 28, 2 etc.; y a r l m
glk t a r ~ g ' l n n dseeded with half a shih (of grain)' D 1 t u r u k (d-). Intrans. Dev. N./A. fr. I t u r - . ,/
'
(fo. 0 6 , 5 ; 3 . 0 . (lo. 121, 3 ; iiq kiiri t a n g 'three hInrpl~olr~gicaIly this word. and not t u r u g ,
pecks of rain' do. 69, ,z-5: X a k . X I t a r l a q.v., must be the earlier form of a word mcan-
of-=or' 'grain', a generlc term; among the inp 'place of residence, stopping place', N C
'Turks pcncrally nl-!ti~~to 'wheat', among the 1<1r..I<zx.; N\\' I<k. Nogay t u r a k ; S i V Osnl.
ORuz specifically a/-dtc.~n'millet'; this is a mis- d u r a k (Az. Ililn. f. d u r n c a g ) and SC Uzh.
take (satci'), thcy call 'wheat' a.$l~k KO$. I t u r o k 'a foot' (in the metrical sense). In the
373; over 60 0.0. translated 'wheat'; 'grain' early period it means 'having stood still for
(01-znr', a/-badr, I~abblr'l-zor') o r 'cultivatcd some time', hence (of watcr) 'pure, clear, free
land' (al-hor!): KB t a r l g q ~t a r t g k a i r i g from sediment' and, more generally, 'pure'.
bolsunl 'let the cultivator work hard at In some languages it also meant (milk) which
cultivating (the land)' 5590; a.o. 4476 (u'u~): has stood for some time, hence 'curds'. Cf.
SIII(?) T P ~d.a r ~ g / t a r ~ g / t a r ~'crop;
~ ( ? ) culti- t u r u l d u r - . Tiirkii vrlr ff. azu: turu:k s u v
vated land' 116, 288-9: XIV Muh. a/-duxn e r s e r opa:yl:n 'or if it is clear water, I will
da:ru:; 01-crirunrs 'wild millet' k ~ z t lda:ru: swallow it' Toyok I I I r . 1-3 ( E T Y I1 178):
Xfel. 77, 13; ditto hut t a n g ., . ,. tang Rif. Uyg. vrrrff. A4an.-A a r ~ gt u r u k siiziik
181 : Gag. xv ff. t a n k mazra a a cultivated m a n l s t a n l a r icinde 'in clean, pure (Hend.)
field'; t a n g farrr ya'ni arzan 'millet' Vel. Xlanicharan monasteries' M 1 2 7 , 35-6; a.o.
166-7 (quotn.); t a r r g nrznn San. 1551. 12: do. 24, 2 ( b a c a s ~ z ) : Man. a r l g t u r u g (sic)
O 2 u z X I see Sak.: X w a r . srv t a r 1 'a grain (of TT I X 88: nud. t u r u k suzilk 'pure' (no-
corn)' Q u t h 172; (0 Prophet, in our country dhisattva) T T V I 361; a r r g t u r u k a r h a n t
they make something) t a r l k d l n 'out of !nillet d r n d n r l a r 'pure (Nend.) arhnts and dcvotees'
(?)' (and drink it) Nalrc. 362, 17: K o m . alv Sriu. 134, 14: (Xak.) s t v Muh. al-mahalla
'millet' t a r 1 C C I ; Gr.; KIP. X I I I nl-dnxn 'stopping place' tu:ra:g Afel. 75, 15; Rif. 179:
tn:rl: Hou. 9, 16: srv t a n : ditto Id. 62; ditto q a g . xv ff. t u r a k 'a kind of dried milk (mzst)
fa:ru: Brrl. 7, I : xv ditto f a r 1 Tuh. rga. 13. which they put in a leather bag to store it':
t u r a k o t ~'a kind of wild vegetable like an
t o r u g (d-) (of a horse) 'bay'. S.i.a.m.l.g.; NE artichoke (Rangar) which they mix with t u r a k ' ,
'ruv. d o r u g ; SW <Ism. d o r u ; Tkm. do:r; in Rtinri iibitt 'dill, Anethunt gmorolens' Son.
a I.-W. in Fe. and other languages, see Doerfer 172r. 19: X w a r . xrv t u r u g (sic) 'clear' (spring
I1 881. T i i r k u V I I I t o r u g at 'a bay horse' I E of water) Qtrtb 186: T k m . xlrr al-cciciq 'salad
13: Uyg. IX marlma: yiizer toru:g b e r t i m of chopped cucumher and curds' tura:k
'I gave rn" tcnchers a hundred hay horses each' (unvocalized) Hou. 16, 18: Klp. srv W r a k
Strci 7 (this is the likeliest translation, others rrl-ntnq(i,rt 'residence'; t u r a k t q (MS. tttmkni:)
nre possible): Xak. sr t o r u e a ~vorclapplied kant: 'where is your residc~nce?';
(y~tn!oliq) to horses; one says bu: o8la:nrg (VU) 01-qowbnrir 'curdss ((lnjrrogle) h?baik
Osm. xrv ff. f.drak/turak 'slopping place, D tarRa:k ( ? d - ) zbbreviated Conc. K. (N.1.)
reaidcnce' c.i.a.p.; d u r a k l t u r a k otl 'dill' fr. tara:- ; Irt. 'constantly combing', in p~actice
in several xvr ff. dicts. 1'TS 1 229; I1 325; 'a comb'. S.i.a.m.1.g. w. some phonetic
111212; I V 246. changes; NE Tuv. d i r k a k ; S W Az., Tkm.
d a r a k ; Ostn. t a r a k . Xak. XI targa:k of-mu![
D 2 t u r u k Intraris. N.1A.S. fr. 2 t u x - ; 'lean, 'cornh' Ka?. I 467: xrv Muh. a/-mrrr! tara:k
emaciated'. N.0.a.b. Tiirkii V I I I hizig RU atr: Mel. 64, I 2 ; Rif. I 69: Gag. xv ff. t a r a g lorak
t u r u k 'our army horses were emaciated' I E Vel. 167; t a r a g l t a r a k yrino 'comb', In Ar.
39; a.o. T 5-6 (rra:k): Uyg. V I I I ff. Man. mr~$f San, 154v. 20 (quotn.): X w a r . X I V
kiiesiiz t u r u k k i ~ i l e 'ueak
r emaciated people' t a r g a k 'comb' Qutb 172; Nahc. 11, 7: KIP.
T T III 87: Bud. ertiqii t u r u k bolup 'having X I V t a r a k 01-muff fd. 62.
become very thin' U 111 35. 21; a.o. do. 37,
2-3 (oyul-): Xak. xr t u r u k 01-mahziil
'emaciated' of anything KO?. I380 (the follnw-
p turga:k (cl-) Conc. N. fr. 1 t u r - ; lit.
cr)nstnntly standing', in practice 'watchman,
ing entry a r u k turrtk 'the name of a pas.; sentry'. An carly I.-w. it1 Mnng. as tur$ag
hetwecn Kasfjar a n d FerKana' i q no doubt com- (IIart~isch I j g ) , specifically 'the dav watch'
pounded of a r u k 'exhaustetl' and this word). (the 'niaht watch' being kehte'iil a Mong.
P tarka:(/talka:) 'hitter. sour', a i d the like, wnrd); also in Pe., Do~rfcr11 882. Survived
lit. and metaph. No dnuht a I.-w. fr. some until xvrr (~hri'l-Gdzi),but no longer in use.
Indo-European language and cognate to the Xak. X I KU kiinun turd1 t u r g a k ttiniin
syn. I'e. word talx. In T T 111, p. 27, note 39 yatgakln 'he stood sentry by day and at night
it is pointed out that in two unprrhl:shed Uyg. on the night watch' 608; (the pate-kceper must
Alan. fragments the phr. a q ~ gt a r k a e m g e k get up early and take charge of the gate) kCqe
and a p g t e r k e e m g e k alternate, which could t a g d a t u r g a k n l t e p r e t m e s e 'he must not
hardly happen if this were not a I.-w. Uyg. remove(?) the sentries at dusk and dawn' 2536.
VIII ff. Bud. a d r u k a d r u k a$@ t a r k a e m g e k
e m g e n d e ~ i l e r'suffering all kinds of bitter D t u r k u g Hap. leg., but cf. turkuglan-,
t u r k i n - ; presuinably abbreviated Dev. N./A.
(Hend.) pains' T T VII 40, 25-6; a.0. Suv. fr. t u r u k - in the sense of 'being unahle to
514. 15: Xak. XI tarka: 01-Irirrim 'unripe
fruit'; an alternative form (1Gn) of talka: Ka$. move for shyness'. Xak. X I t u r k u g a l - h a p '
1 4 2 7 ; talka: 'unripe fruit', the -1- is changed fi'l-amr 'shyness, or diffidence, about some-
thing'; one says 01 m e n d i n t u r k u g (boldi: >
fr. -r- do. 427; a.0. I 179 (alar-). ,tarn minni hayiy li-fi'l hadri minhu 'he was shy
IF torku: (ttorko:) 'silk fahric'; one of many of me heca~rse of what he had done' Kay.
words with this general meaning, perhaps a 1462.
I.-w. An early I.-w. in Rlong. as torja(n) (or
torhn(n); Ifamisch 1 5 ~ also ) ~ in r e . and other 11 targrl of cattle or other animals, 'striped';
foreign languages, see Doerfrr I1 884. S.i.s.m.l. 711en. N./A. fr. 1 ta:r in the sensc of 'mith
w. phonetic changes (-k-1-g- ; -a/-11-01-u). narrow (stripcr)'. S.1.m.m.1.g. Xak. X I t a r g l l
Cf. b a r q ~ n .Uyg. vru ff. Bud. TT VI 390-1 yilkl: 'any animal with hlack and white stripes
(6ggu:ti:): Civ. y a r r m terlni y a r l m torkuni (xu!ri!) l ~ k efreckles (01-namij) on its back' is
'half a hide and half a (length of) silk fabric' (called) t a r e l l ; this Adj. (al-fifa) applies to all
USp. 5, 2 ; b i r u l u g t o r k u 'a large (piece of) animals except horses Kq.1 4 8 2 ; (under 'the
silk fabric' do. 127, 3: xrv Cl1in.-17yg. Dict. Suff. -l') 'anything hlack and white or speckled'
111n 'silk thread' (Giles 7,472) (?) t o r k u Ligeti (al-abtaqrr'l-a'ram) is called t a r e l l , derived
267: Xak. XI torku: 01-horir 'silk' Ka?. I fr. the V. t a r ~ l d l :'the thing was separated'
427 (prov.); 3 0.0.: KB yaglz y 8 r y a y 1 (tafarraqa), as if hlack and white were mixed
t o r k u ytizke bad1 'the hroxvn earth has (imtazocZ), and then one was separated from
bound green silk over its face' 68; (a hrg, if the other I 15, 7: O s m . xrv, XVI r a r g ~ 'spots.
l
you praise him) y u m g a r bolur t o r k u t e g spotty, dappled'; in two tests TTS I 679;
'softens and becomes like silk' 4098; a.o. 7846 I V 742.
(7ikne:-): x ~ vMirh. nl-dihdc 'silk brocade'
torxa: Mrl. 67, 12;ditto ba:rqin; a/-qazz'silk' F tarxa:n (Idarxa:n) a title of great an-
torku: Ri/. 167 (Rif. perhaps has the better tiquit)-, prob. prc-Turkish discussed at great
text): Gag. xv ff. t o r g u 'coloured silk fabric length (14t pages) in DorrJer I 1 879. In spite
(krrmdy) which they fasten over rescripts of his scepticism, Prof. Pulleyblank's theory in
and decrees to preserve the paper' Vel. 207 'The Consonantal System of Old Chinese',
(quotn.); t o r g u (spelt) Iiarir-i nnfis u w brijta-i Asia Major, N.S.IX, 1962, p. 91, that it repre-
ibri~ami 'fine silk and woven silk fahric' sents the Hsiung-nu title of their supreme
(quotn.), and metaph. the silk fabric which ruler, shun-j-ii (in Old Chinese *dCn-vcay for
they fasten over decrees and documents dnrxan) secms the best explanation vet of its
(quotn.); mistranslnted 'a letter bearinp a seal' origin. Like t8gin it forms its PI&. in -t.
hy Tdi'-i Harawi, and mistranscribed tariir t a r x a t , for *tarxa(n)t. It is likely that in this
and described as Pe. in the Brrrhrin-i Qdti' Son. word the Runicand Lly& k represented x,cf. the
17zv. 1 5 : Klp. xrrr 'woven fahric' (01-naric) form in Kas. In Turkish it had ceased to he the
niid the like torga: IIorr. 11). 17. auprerne title 2nd was nnt even, like t&in and
?ad, peculiar tn the royal family, hut it was still
D ?F t a r x a t See tnrxn:n. a high title, and prob. carried administrative
 re-ponsib~lities. In t111s srnsr i t cannot he Din. V . 1)ItC-
traced in 'I'urkrsh after X I . It became :III early I ) t a n k - ([I-) Intrirt~<.I k n . V. fr. I tn:r;
I.-\v. In Rlotig. as rklrson (Iloertisch 32, Korc. 'to h r con<trirted' and the like. Surviws in
1676) where it meant not mhrch more than h'C I<lr., lizx. t a r r k l - ; S\V 'I'km. d a : r ~ k - :
'a person exempt from ordinary taxation', and cf. t a r g a r - . U y g . vrrr fT. Rl:~n. [gap] t e r k l n
later ~nerclv'artisan, craftsman'. 'The occur- t n r ~ k u re r t i 'they wcre quickly constricted'
rence in C a i . is no douht a rcborrowinfi fr. 7'T III 9.1: I$ud. Sanskrit ryopniti cn 'and
Alona. T i i r k i i vrrr (in the list of persons to diqappcars' t a : r ~ k [ n : r yenlc] ? 7'7' V I I l I'.s;
\\!horn the inscription is addrcsscd; my younaer a d a s 1 t u d a s r k t t z i l n t n r r k z u n 'may t h c ~ r
brothers, sons, unlted clan, people, in the east dar~gc.rs(f lend.) disappear and he suppressed'
the pdnlnptt h c ~ . ylrya:~) tarxat buyruk beg- 7 ' 7 ' S 273-4: ;i.n. 1C). 248; (that Iioy's illnrsscs)
l e r 'in the nest the tar.ynns, officials, and hcgs k15tlp t a r ~ k r l iUSp. 1021, 25; 0.o. U I11 40,
I S I ; other\vise only a component in P.N.s z ( i i ) ; S ~ r v 255,
. 3-9; 516, 22 ( I / I 26, 8); 51)7,
Inanyu: Apa: Y a r g a n T a r x n n I IY 2 ; I; ctc.: Xnk. u r yk:r t a r r k t ~ :'tlir place (ctc.)
Apa: T n r x a n I 1 S 1 3 ; (gap/ 'Tuman T a r x a n V~;IS cr:i~i~pcci' ( t ~ ~ i [ t ~ , y l<i~f.
~ ( , ( ~I )I I I 5 ( t a n -
T o A u k u k Boyla: Dnha: 'I'arxan (described k a : r , t ; i r ~ k t n a : k ) : (:i12. Y V IT. t a n k - ( - m a -
as b u y r u k 'officials') II ,C 1 4 ; the last also in g a l l , r t c . ) !am/- ' r t i I i c c o ~ ~ ~rlarro\\,
c. sllrink',
T 6 ; I ~ v a r a : T n m g a n T a r x a n Ongh 4: ctc. I,'r/. 166 (quntn.); t a r r k - (spclt) (ti/-tong
\ - l r r ff. RIan. [Cap] T a r x a n T T I I 6 , 22: Yen. p d n n "to hc glonmy, clispleacrd , ctc. ; in R~irni
CRVIIST u n T a r x a n nlol. 30, 3 ; T a r x a n d a r t l - Son. I s3r. r r ( q r ~ o t t ~ s .a.o. ) ; ~ 2 3 20: ~ .
S a 9 u : n do. 32, 7: UY& vrrr (I Rave the c i k X w a r . urv t a i i k - (usunlly of the hcart) 'to be
people a totok (nlilitap eo\.ernor) and) t v v a r a s c<rnstrictcd,xricvcd' [Iufh 172: O s m . ? ( I V to
t a r x a t a n t a : anyu: l a d [ ~ m ] 'presented s\,r d a n k - (occasionallv [ a r ~ k - )'to bc dis-
rpnros and tor.uans to them there' $11. S 2: tressed'; in srvcral tcxts 7'7'S I 180; I 1 261 ;
rx K u t l u g B a g a : T a r x a n Strci 4: v ~ r rff. Bud. I V 742.
(in the list of dignitaries in the first Pfn/:l.
after one sagan and hefore three more) Kcnr 11 t u r u k - (d-) Emphatic F. of 1 t u r - ; 'to
T u r m ~ T a~r x a n , It T n r x a n , ... Sang stand still; cr)nlc to a cotnpletc stop'. N . o . a . l ~ . ,
B a v T a r x a n P,fah[. 10, 15-16; (in a similar the supposed Gag. 1'. t u r u k - 'to abandon one's
list in the third Pfaltl., after 'our son, o u r former home in panic', R 111 1453, is not con-
younger brother, n u r s o n ~ ~ i n - l a wt'a) r x a n l m l z firmed by any other authority. X a k . XI ka:n
'Temir T i r e k T e g i n , E l A s m q TCgin do. t u r u k l ~ :oqm,tn'l-do111 'a vein swelled hecause
23, 14; T a r x a n occurs as an element in other it wac hlockcd' (lit. 'the blood swelled') also
P.N.s in [lo. 23, 17-24: X a k . X I t a r x a : n uscd when pus and matter collect (ictonra'n)
'a papnn \vord' (ism cfi/ri/i) meaning 'chief' in a a ~ o u n dIco~ny. II 115 ( t u r u k a : r , t u r u k -
(01-ornir, K n f . ' s usual translatijm of beg) KO!. m a : k ) ; 8.0. I 192, 4: X w a r . srr t u r u k - 'to
1 4 1 6 : Cat. s v ff. t a r x a n ( r ) a person who 1s stand, s t : ~ n ~still'
l @ith 186 (comnion).
r u e k p t - f r o m all xovcrnnicnt taxes; any loot
which conxes into his possession in military 1) t u r k l a : - ([I-) I l : ~ p .Irg.; 1)cn. V. fr. t u r k .
operations is allotted to him; hc can attend the X a k . X I 01 yC:r t u t k l a : d ~ : 'hc measured
royal court without special pcrmission; and (rr~nralm) thr piece of I:~nd Ienpthwisc and
he can commit u p to nine offences without breadthwise‘; also uscd x h e n one estltnatcs
heing called to account'; (2) 'the name of a the height (qnrldot~zIroykal) of ;I horse Kof. III
rribe (or class?) of notables (rtl?m-i nz 445 ( t u r k l a : r , turk1a:mn:k).
n'ritinr) of the trlrrs of (;niatays (followed by D t a r k ~ n -(d-) Refl. f. of t a n k - ; the hest
a history of their origin) Son. 1 5 5 r I . evidence for the existence of this V. is the
Dcv. N. t a r k r n q ; the only other evidence is its
1) t u r k u : n (d-) al)hrrviatcd Intrans. Lkv. possible occurrence in U y a . V I I I IT. I3uci. [ J S p .
N.!A. fr. t u r u k - ; 'stationary; (of water) 23; this is a brief fragment of which no con-
stagnant', and the like. S.i.s.m.l. with thesame tinuous translation is possihlc; some words are
~ n e a n i n q ;in S\\,' A A , Osrn., T k m . d u r g u n certainly mistranscribed; t a r k a n ~ pis read
X a k . X I t u r k u : n su:v ol-rnd'rr'l-dZ'im 'pernu- in 1. r ; this might be a m i s r c a d i n ~of t a r k l n l p
ncnt (i.e. stagnant) \r,ater' KG$. 1 4 4 0 . o r as RIalov suggests in a note, t n r g a n p .
1) t a r k l n q (d-) I)c\-. N.I.4. fr. t a r k l n - ; 1) t u r k m - (d-) ahhrcviated Refl. f. of t u r u k - :
'uneasy, unsettled, ditficult', and the like. 'to he diflidcnt, shy' in the sense of 'to he
N.0.a.h.; thc Uyg, rluotn. comes from a very unahle to move for shyness'. Pec. to Xak.; cf.
unsatisfactory f r a p e n t , see Rlalov's observa- t u r k u g . X a k . sr 01 m e n d i n t u r k ~ n d ~'he :
tions on it, and the ~ v o r dmay have been mis- was shy (istolr~~d) with ~ n eabout something
r e a d Radloff read tonk(r)rtr. l'tirkii V I I I he wanted, stid was inhibited (itrrtotro'n) from
[ ? ~ d r k iyeme:]
i h u l g [ a k 011 [temig] 0811~1: embarking on it by shyness' (17ni.ri'on) Ko?. J J
Verne: t a r k t n ~01 t e m i q 'he said "[the 241 ( t u r k ~ n u : r ,t u r k ~ n m a : k ) ; ' e r t u r k u n d ~ :
kiirkii?] are in a state of disorder and their (sic) 'the man was dilfident (!toyiyo) about
Oguz are unsettled" ' T z z : U y g . VIII ff. Civ, emharking on something' II 255, 17.
t a r k ~ n g ( ? )k u n t e 'on a difficult day' USp.
46.5. I) t a r g a r - ( d - ) 'to restrain. control, restrict',
and the Ilke; Trans. Den. V. fr. 1 t a r . Tradi-
t~onallythe \vord is spelt t a r k a r - but it was in
fxct tarfpr-. N.,I ;~.I),;cf, t a n k - . Tiirku v111ff. O s m . xrv tl. t l u r g u r - (thr c;~rliestform, later
Man, birijk kentu iiziiguzni ( ?so read) t a r g - usually {urgur-) ( I ) 'to stop, bring to a halt';
a r s a r 'if you restrain yourself' 7'7' 11 6, 20: (2) 'to raise, rouse'; (3) 'to set up, b r i n ~into
Uyg. V I I I lf. Man. ('l'okharian) 'you are the de- existence'; common to x v ~sporadic , later T T S
stroyer' (of lust and the other passions) s l z 1 2 2 9 ; I1 326; I11 213; I V 247.
t a r k a r d a q l T T ' I X 24; (one of the virtues of
the Wind (;ud is that it) fslgeg ergiirer t a r - D 2 t u r g u r - Caus. f. of 2 tu:r- ; pec. to Kay. ?
g a r u r 'it rnclts and restrains the heat' W i d . X a k , X I 01 a t l g turgurdi: 'he made the horse
47; 8.0. TI' 111 130 (~6:zlg):Bud. Sanskrit emaciated' (hazala'l-foras) Kaf. 11 177 ( t u r -
ntdromjnho 'who holds off (the demon) hlara' g u r u r , t u r g u r m a : k ) ; kadgu: am: t u r g u r u p
~ ~ m n u ta:rga:rm~g
:a T T VIII A , @ ; jngat- 'grief rnade them emaciated' 1486, I 5 ; kaclgu:
parivarj~tniya'who must shun the (every-day) rneni: t u r g u r u : r 'grief makes me p ~ n e '
world' y6rt6nq8ke t a r k a r k u l u k (the Suff. (yrrdrrirfi) III 295. 8 ; a.o.0.
should be -guluk) do. 0 . 2 8 ; (like a gold- or
silver-smith) haradhvam tnolam dlmana 're- T r i s . DRG
move the impurities from yourself' t a r k a r l g - tor~:R@:'sky-lark'; a11old animal name ending
I a r nlzvanllrg kirig iiz k6giil6g6xle:rtin in -ga:. As such Ilap. leg., but s.i.a.m.1.l:.
do. R.47; 2.0. do. H.6 (s8:zig); n ~ z v a n r l a r r g usually as t o r g a y ; S\V Az. torlgny; Osm.
t a r g a r u u m a t r n 'because he cannot cntitrol t u r g a y (sic); 'I'km. torgay. 11 I.-w. in Pe.,
the passio~~s' CJ I I I 3h,6; yuz torliig a d a l a r l g Mong. and other languages, not always for
keterdeqi t a r g a r d a q i e r i i r siz 'it is you 'sky-lark'. Lloerfer 11 887 may he right in
who remove and suppress a hundred kinds of suggcstlng that torgay, the hlong. fnnn, is
dangers' '1'7' VII 40, 93; 0.0. USp. 102a. 34 a re-borla\ving fr. Pe. Xak. XI tor1:ga: aI-
(emgeklig) ; Hiien-is. I 85 (kararJgu:) ; T T -gunbarn nrina'l-(ayr 'a sky-lark' Kaf 111 174:
X 198: Civ. (at sunset) tu:rma:kag ya:tr: Gag. xv ff. t o r g a y the bird called toyfar
ta:rka:rmlg ke:re:k 'you must lie down and 'sky-lark' Vel. 207 (quotn.); t o r g a y (spelt)
limit standing up' TT VIIII.zz: tetrii saklnq 'a bird rather larger than a sparrow' called in
targars11 'restrain perverse thoughts' T T I Pe. pinn-sar 'hoopoe', and in Ar. hudltud ditto
110; a.0. do. 96. (pootnc.): also spelt with t- ; also a P.N. ; some-
times spelt t o r a g a y San. r72v. 11; f o r g a y
D 1 t u r a u r - (d-) Caus. f. of 1 t u r - ; 'to raise, same translation do. 261r. 26 (Pe. quotn.; mis-
lift, rouse', and the like. N.0.a.b.; replaced in translared; 'hoopoe' is iipgiik, q.v.): KIP. X I V
the medieval period by t u r g u z - which kizllqa: t o r g a y al-mri)awwaq mina'l-tayr 'ring-
s.i.a.m.1.g. with some phonetic changes; SW dove' Id. 71 ; Btrl. I 2, 5 ; al-qunbara 'sky-lark'
Az. d u r g u z - ;Tkm. duruz-lturuz- (but Osm. d o r g a y Brrl. 12, 8: xv qunbnra torgay is
d u r d u r - ) . T u r k u V I I I ff. (waking t h y e who entered in the margin of Tuh. 29a. 8: Osm.
were asleep) yat1gll:g t u r g u r u : rouslng X I V to xvr t o r g a y 'sky-lark'; in several texts
those who were lying down' I r h n 20: Uyg. TI'S I 701 ; II gob; apart fr. 17el. the earliest
~ I I $u.
I I( 2 (ko:d-): v l ~ rff. Man. o z k a l ~(sic) note of t o y g a r is in xvrlr I V 758.
kogul t u r k t l r t ~(sic) 'he roused their thoughts
to escape' T T I I I 126; a.o. do. I X 82 (baka- D tarlggl: N.Ag. fr. t a r l k ; 'cultivator, farmer'.
iiak): Bud. (Chinese) 'I have put an end to all N.0.a.b.; an early I.-w. in Monp. as fariyaci
sorrow' k a m a g kacigu nizvanig u z a t l (Iioenirclt 146)~also in Pe., Doerfer I1 886.
yiigerii t u r g u r u p U 1 2 0 , 14-15; t u r g u r u p UyB. V I I I ff. Man. (Tokharian) 'farmer'
'raisinghim, tryingto makehimstand up'PP20, t a r l g q ~7'1' I X 39: Bud. (outside the city he
4; 66, z ; t u r g u r d l ' h e kept(the boat) stationary' saw) tarrgqilarag (sic) 'the cultivators' (water-
do. 3 I , 6; 6tdimlz t u r g u r d ~ m i ze r s e r 'if we ing and cultivating the land) PP I , 2: Xak.
have organized and erected' (slaughter-houses X I tarlgql: oi-falld!~ 'peasant' Kay. III 242;
and butchers' shops) T T I V 6, 46; k i i s i i ~ i i g (in grammatical sections) t a r @ al-hurl, hence
u m u n ~ u gt u r g u r u r iigiin 'because they t a r ~ g pal-!~dri~ 'cultivator' 11 49, 4; the
arouse wishes and hopes' do. V 24, 68-9; 0.0. Oguz for 01-filldh say tarl:da$a: and the other
do. V I l I A.26; U I11 83, 19 etc.: Xak. s1,01 Turks tarlgql: I1 51, 22: XIV Mlrh. a/-akkdr
men]: o r u n d r n (MS. ortmdtrtt) turgurdl: he 'cultivator' ta:rlgql: Mel. 56, 14; Rif. 154:
made me rise (aqdinani) from my place'; and X w a r . xlv tarlgql 'farmer' Qutb 172.
one says e r ta:m turgurdi: 'the man erected
(bntrri) a wall', also a house or anything else D tar19la:g Dev. N. (Con=. N.) fr. *tartEla:-
that he sets up (napabn) Kog. Z I 1 7 7 ( t u r g u m r , Den. V. fr. t a n g ; 'a cultivated field'. Abhre-
t u r g u r m a : k ) ; 0.0. 11 198, 23 (aqdrna); III viated in the medieval period; survives in NE
355. I I (h~nn):(xtv Mtrh. aqama d u r g u z - Mel. Sag. t a r l a g R I11 856, Ichak. ditto; N C Kzx.
41, 11-15; tu:rguz- ]?if. 131; t u r d u r - do. (H I11 856 only). Tob. t a r l a w ; NW Kaz.
132 : Gag. xv tf. turguz-(-mayln) ftrrgur- ditto; S W Az.. Osm. tarla. Uyg. P I I I ff. Bud.
Vel. 207; t u r g u z - Caus. f. ( I ) barxizdndan 'to buyanllg t a n g l a g (metaph.) a field of
raise, erect'; (2) 705 dqtan 'to stop, restrain' virtue' Hum-ts. Bripfp, p. 30, note 1870, 1. 20:
F. 17ov. 23 (quotn.)): X w a r . X I I I t u r g u r - Xak. X I tar1gla:g a/-nrozro'a 'a cultivated
to detain' 'Ali 24: KIP. xlv (turguz- nqlhta field' Kay. 1 4 9 6 ; a.0. I f ; o o , 19: KB t a n g l a g
Id. 62) ;nqam?mnntina'l-qiydm {urgur-Idurgur- e r u r dunyP 'the world is a field' 1393; 0.0.
B I ~z3v.. : (XVthe Caus. f. of qdmn is t u r g u z - 4733, 5248: Xu7ar. xrv t a r l a g 'a field' @tb
Kaw. 69, 14: aq~imnf u r l u z - Rul. 55a. 11): 172: K o m . slv ditto tarlov CCI, C C G ; GI.:
 Klp. X I I I 'I;lnd plnuaherl ((11-nrclu'/-mnhrrihn) irtnhanln'l-l<~rns'hr eonsidcrcd that the horse
in preparation for s r ~ ~ \ i nfarla:g' Iinrr. 9 , 10. (1-tc.) \Y;I% lt,a~>'Kn?. I l i ,I,?? (turuklfl:r,
turukla:ma:k).
D t n r i j j l ~ gI'.N.jA. fr. t a r t g ; n.o.a.b. Xak.
X I t a r l g l ~ gyb:r or(/ drit znr' 'land which has I) t a r ~ g l a n - IIap. IcK.; I<cH. 1)en. \'. fr.
been seeded'; also nl-hrrri 'a granary' (i.e. a t a r @ ; in a grammatical section; n.nl.e. Xak.
place for grain) Kaf. I 4 9 6 ; tarlgllg e v hayt xr e r t a r ~ k l a n d l : 'the ntan or~riedcultivable
ljli !rinta 'a b u ~ l d i n for ~ holdlng wheat'; land' (!tar!) Ka$. II 260, 7.
tnrlglig (?yb:r omitted) 01-hnri I 501. 3:
KH u r u g l u g tarl&li$j hedukler 'notables of D t u r u k l a n - flap. leg.; I<r.fl.f. of turukla:-.
Xak. X I ol bu: at18 t u r u k l a n d ~ :'he reckoned
good farnlly on both sides' 4496 (cf. 4476). ('adda) that this horse was emaciated' (nmhzril);
1) t a r i g l ~ kA.N. (Conc. N.) fr. t a n g ; n.0.a.b. also used of other things than horses Kaf. II
Xak. X I t a r ~ g l l knl-hrrri 'a granary' Koi. I 265 ( t u r u k l a n u x , turuk1nnma:k).
503: XIII(?)At. t a r ~ g l l kt e p a y m q a j u n n l 1) turugsa:- (d-) Ilcsid. Den. V. fr. t u r u g ;
rasiil, t a r l g l ~ k t ak a t l a n earl edgiiluk ' t l ~ e n.0.a.b. Xak. XI 01 muntla: turugsa:di: 'he
Prophet said "this n.orltl is a field"; labour in wishetl t11 stay (toir1n?rn(i'/-ig8nm)here' Kny.
the ticld and cultivate goodness' 191-2. I11 333 (turu&sa:r, t11rugsa:ma:k); t i r l g
D turug1a:k ((1-) Dev. N./A. fr. *turugla:-, erse: turugsa:dr: 'IIL. \\i?ihed to re~nuin31i\'e'
Den. V. fr. t u r u g ; n.0.a.b. Xak. xr turug1n:g (on 3.0hr1~rIrnyj*n(7r))(lo. 333, 9,
(y6:r is inserted above the line and is prob. not
part of the original text) marodi'ri'l-iqdrrta Mon. DRG
'a stopping place, place of residence' Kag. I t e r k an Adv., 'quickly, very soon', and the like.
496; turug1a:g same translation I 500, 20: Survives only(?) in NE I<ar. L. R III 1068
XIII(?)At. t u r u g l a g 'place of residence' 310. and 7'. (Kom. 263); SW 'Tkrn. Cf. terkin.
Uyk. ~ I I ff, I Man. ayl(?) terkie (for Dim. f.
D t u r u k l u k A.N. fr. t u r u k ; n.0.a.b. Xak. XI *terkkliie) t u y u n u p ‘very(?) quickly acquir-
t u r u k l u k a/-lrnzril 'emaciation' Kuj. I 503; ing insight' T T III 120: Bud. t e r k blitiir-
505, 26. geyler 'they will very soon achieve' Suv. 448,
I ; 0.0. T T VIII L). I (tavra:-); U I11 22, I
D t u r k a r u : (d-) 'continuously, uninter-
ruptedly'; v. G. is prob. right in suggestingin (iii) etc. (tavrak): Civ. (one must) t e r k k i e
TT VIII, p, zz, note A33 that this is a crasis of quickly' (enlhrace the well disposed and) t e r k
*turkgaru:, t u r k with the Ilircctive Suff. 'quickly' (pet rid of the bad-tempered) TT
lit. 'lengthwise'. N.o.a.h., but a I.-w. in Mong. VII 17, 22-3: Xak. xr one says t e r k kel isri'
ns torknr~r (sic; Koru. 1890. Haltod 427). fi'l-tr~rdtir 'come quickly'; also used of any-
Tiirkii v ~ r rff. Man. (the king) t u r k a r u 'con- thing nbout which one orders rapid action
tinuously' (inspires tlre people to do ~ o o d ((11-isrd'), one says t e r k k11 'be quick' Kas. I
deeds) T T II lo, 89: Uyg. V I I I ff. Man.-A 350: K B (if one docs not treat his disease) klgi
(may our hearts and minds he) t u r k a r u 'con- t e r k iiliir a rnan rluiclily dies' I 57; 8ziig t e r k
tlnuously' (free from care) M 1 2 9 , 29: hlan. keqer 'you soon pass away' (from this dreatn-
T T 11127 (muggul): Bud. evlrdeqi t u r k a r u like wol-Id) 231; O . O . 361, 745, 251 I , 3533, etc.:
n o m tllgenln 'continuously turning the wheel s!rl(?) At. (this lvorld) terk k a q a r 'swiftly
of the law' U I 17, 1-2: knyu kigi u z u n disappears' 222: X w a r , xrv t e r k 'quickly'
ttlrkaru iiliitci bolur 'whoever is a long- Qritbq175;Nakc. 32, 5; 153, I ; 299, 11: Kom.
standing and habitual murderer' 1114, 10-1 I ; xrv, quickly, immediately' t e r k C C I ; Gr.
a.o. do. 54. 12; turka:ru: T T VIII A.33. (tek t e k 'frequently' do. might be the same
0.6-8 ( T T VI 62-5); U.O. T T VI 74 (&Met-); \vord): Klp. (XIII£fort. 42, 12; see terk1e:-):
U 117 34, 52-3 (tiirtiin-): Civ. t u r k a r u srv t e r k 01-'acnla 'speed, hurry' Id. 38; ditto
T T 1152. d e r k Bul. 6, 2.

E t u r k u r u occurs several times in Uyk. V I I I ff. tiirk originally a N. meaning 'the culminating
Bud. in Hend. w. a r k u r u , q.v. As a r k u r u point of maturity' (of a fruit, human being,
means 'cross\vise', this is no doubt merely a etc.), but more often used as an Adj. meaning
mis-spelling or mistranscription of t u r k a r u (of a fruit) 'just fully ripe'; (of a human being)
'Iength\vise'. 'in the prime of life, young, and vi~orous'. It
has been suggested that this word is identical
yith the ethnonym T i i r k and really means
T r l s . V. DRG- strong' in a general sense. 'I'he latest exposi-
D turkuglan- (d-) Hap. leg.; Refl. Den. V. tion of this theory is in Do~rfpr 11 888, an
fr. turkug. X a k X I ol mendin (sic?) t u r k u g - article of over I I pages giving a history of the
land^: (MS. -h@-) 'he wns inhibited (imraitn'a) ethnonym and unfortunately containing several
from ernharking on some action, and was shy errors. 'The case against the theory, which i s
and blushing (iI~tnramaribn'!ttnpzmo) because hased on the facts that the original form of the
of me' Kn?.11272 (turkuglanu:r, t u r k u g - ethnonynl was TUrkti and that tArk is never
1anma:k; MS. in 1~0thplaces tar-). used in the generalized sense of 'strong', is in
Studies, pp. 84 ff.; see also Clauson, 'The
D turuk1a:- Hap. leg.; Den. V. fr. 2 t u r u k . concept of "strength" in 'I'urkish'. Nemeth
Cf. 2 t u r g o r - . Xak, K I ol a t ~ gturuk1a:di: .4rnra~nnr,pp. 93 ff., Ankara, 1962. Suwives
 DIS, D R G 543
only(?) n NC Klr. tiirk '(of a sheep) fat, 11 41. 1 2 ; n.m.e.: xlv Aftlh.(?) al-xardc 'head
in prime cr~ndition'. Ytrd. 7 8 3 Uyg. V I I I ff. tax' tC:rig Rif. 146 (only).
(Man. 7'7' 11165-6 has heen rrstored to read U tire:k (tl-) Dev. N. (Conc. N.) fr. tire:-;
tiirk b u r x a n l a r t a kCn Bntlgiz 'you have 'suppoe, prop, column', and the like.
descended (to earth) after the strong I'rophets', S.i.a.m.1.g.; in SW Az., Osm. d i r e k ; Tkm.
hut the only certain letter in tiirk is the ti, and di:reg. A I.-w. in Pe. and other languages,
the reading is very improhable; some other see 1)otrJer I1 997. Uyg. vrrt ff. Man. in an
word like t o r t 'four' is likelier): Bud. (that early IX Middle Persian Manichaean text pub-
man Sena's wife, named RSgagHyini) tiirk lished in F. W. K. Muller, Ein Doppel6latt
yiglt e r d l 'was a young woman in the prime our einem manichaiscken Hymnenbuch (Mahr-
of life' U 111 81, 3; (she said to her brother- ndmar), A.I<.P.A.W., 1913. t i r e k appears in
in-law) sen y e m e tiirk yigit s e n 'you too are a list of official titles, fairly high after totok,
in the prime of life' do. 82, 15; 0.0. of t i i r k q ~ k ( ?totok,
) qig$i but before Cl 6gesi and
yigit applied to young women U l V 48, 89; s a g u n a g e 9, 28; it means presumahly 'sup-
T T X 47s-erk tiirk 'independence and the port (of the realm)', cf. the syn. Moslem title
prime of life' ig one of the good thin@ of life 'imGdlr'1-dazda: Ilud. in a similar list in the
associated with other good things like agl: first Iyahl 12, 19-20 three persons described
b a r ~ m'treasures and property', and e d t a v a r as t l r e k occur in a rnore modest position
'movnhles and livestock' in several passages among junior functionaries: (Xak.) ~ I I I ( ? )
I 1 II lo, I 5; T T IV 4, q (damaged) and esp. Tef.t l r e k '(tent-)pole; pillar (of a house)' 299
Tif. 19a. 4; zoa. 5 ; 21a. I etc.: Xak. XI tiirk (mis-spelt rirek): xrv Muh. (among nautical
a l'article (fzarf) relating to time (al-zvaqt); it is terms) al-t)turdi '3 boat-pole, punt-pole' ti:re:k
the culminating point of maturity of any sort MPI. 62, 12; Rif. 161 ; (among architectural
of fruit (mast idrdk hull my' tnina'l-!in&); terns) afd!u'l-hayt 'house furnishings' (it?)
hence one says tiirk ilzilm 8:dl: 'the time e w ti:rekl: 176 (only): Gag. xv ff. (tirek;
when grapes become fully ripe' (maqt tawas- after t l r e k ) ( 2 ) and metaph. srrtCn-i xdna
sriii'l-'in86 f i yan'ihi); and one says t u r k 'the pillars of a house' Son. 1g3r. 17: Xwar.
k u y a : ~o d l : waqt taruassrrt 'the time (when the xrrr d i r e k 'pillar' 'Ali 55: Kom. xrv 'column'
sun is) at the zenith'; and one says tiirk yigit t l r e k CCG; Gr.: KIP. xrv t i r e k al-'im-d
ydbb tawassafa ~abdbaku'a young man in the 'tent-pole, pillar, prop', etc. fd. 38; d i r e k
prime of his youth' K a p 1 353 (this para. al-'amid ditto; already mentioned under t -
folows a long para. on Turk as an ethnonym; do. 48.
there is no cross-reference between the two):
xlrr(?) Tej. ((Warika said) tiirk b o l s a m D t i r i g (d-) Dev. N./A. fr. *tir-; 'living,
e r d i i m senig birle kHzi11k k l l g a m e r d l 'if alive; life'. S.i.a.m.1.g. w. minor phonetic
I was in the prime of life, I would hare gone variations; NE Tuv. d i r i g ; SW Az., Osm.
with you to tipht for Islam' 319. d i r i ; Tknk. d i d : . Tiirkti vlrr bunqa: yeme:
tirigi: kUg boltagl: erti: 'and as many of
Dis. DRG them as survived would have become female
tfre:k (?d-) 'poplar'. S.i.a.m.1.g. with this slaves' I N 9: vrrr ff. Man. t i r i g 6ziig a$ iqkii
nieanir~g,with -6- in those languages which (omission in MS.) (by taking?) living creatures
distinguish between 6 and e ; in SW Tkm. for food and drink' Chuas. 5 5 - 6 : Uyg. V ~ I I
d e r e k (Az. and Osm, use kavak, which is not [ ? Karlluk tirigi: b a r l p ( ? so read) Tiir-
gegke: k[irti:?] 'those of the Karluk who
an old word, in this sense); in NW Kurnyk,
Nog. only(?) it means 'tree' in general, as in survived went and joined(?) the Tiirgeg $u.
KIP. Xak. XI t6re:k of-hawr mina'l-yocar 'the W I : V I I I ff. Bud. t i r i g b o l m a k 'to stay alive'
poplar-tree' Kay. I 412: a.o. I 387 (tizig): (in antithesis to o l m e k 'to die') TT V 26, I l o ;
F a g . xv ff. t e r e k ('with -k') Anvak agoti Vd. m a g a y e m e t i r i g oz neguliik 01 'what use
168 (quotn.); t6rek diraxt-i sapidcir 'the white is life to me?' U IU 41, 4 (i); b u ybrtinqiide
poplar' San. 193r. I I (quotns. and corrections t i r l g esen eriir s i z 'you will be alive and well
of previous authors): Xwar. xlv terek 'tree' in this world' TT ,Y 47-8; a.0. do. 504: 0.
Qutb 175: K o m . XIV ditto C C I ; Gr. 242 Klr. IX ff, K6nl: T i r i g P.N.(?) Mal. 6, I :
(quotns.): KIP. xrv t e r e k al-yocara 'tree' fd. Xak. X I t i r i g al-hayy mina'l-byawdn ktrllihci
38; ditto dhrek Bul. 3, I I : xv mutlaq al-facar 'life of any living creature' Kay. I 386;
'trees in general' terek1e:r; 'one tree' t e r e k (another suffix is -g (01-kcifu'l-rakika) as in the
Kao. 58, 16; tacara t e r e k 'l'uh. 21a. 5; naxla word for) al-hayy t i r i g derived fr. the word
'palm tree' terek do. 36b. 4 (this change of tiri:ldI: hayyd 'to live' I 14, 21; ti:ri:g (ric)
meaning may have been due to a supposed esen bolsa: 'if a man is alive and in good
connection w. Pe. diraxl 'tree'). health' 1.62, 5 ; 0.0. 111 257, 19; 333 ( m r ~ g -
sa:-): K B (You created all things; they perish
D t6:rig (d-) Dev. N. (Conc. N.) fr. t6:r-; but) s e n 6 k s e n t i r i g 'You live' 14:(You
n.0.a.b. Cf. terin, tCrne:k. Xak. XI a l p created countless) tirrg 'living hein'&'' 21;
rerigde: bilge: t6:rigde: translated 'the 0.0. 237 378, 5633: XIII(?) At. (God brings)
(martin1 qualities of a) warrior (are tested) in 6liigdid t i r i g h a m tirigdin 8188 'the living
battle; the (intellectual capacity of a) counsellor from the dead. and the dead from the living'
in the popular assembly' (al-mahfil) Kay. 1388. 17; 0.0. 94, ~96;Tef. tirjgltiriig 'living' 302:
17; a n l o yarma:k tC:rigi: k6:r 'look at his xrv Rbi. (Eve said) tirigdin y a r a t l l d m 'I
accumulation of dirhams' (cam'ahu li-dirham) was created out of a living creature' RIII 1368:
conlpletcJ anJ acquired an enormous) buy- is a good etymology. Tiirkii V I I I I S 8, 11N 6:
a n i l g yiikmekig (so read) buyanlrg t e r - Uyg. V I I I ff. Bud. U III 29, 2-3 etc. ( a r k ~ g ) .
glnig 'heap and concentration of merit' Suv.
155, 11-12: Xak. xr tergln su:v al-md'n'l- 1)is. V. DRG-
-nttrstanqo' 'water .collected (in a tank)'; t e r g i n D terk1e:- Den. V. fr. t e r k ; 'to hurry'
sii: 01-crrrtd~r'l-m~rctama''an army which has (Tfans. and Intrans.), and the like. N.0.a.b.
been brought together, concentrated'; and r u r k i i vrrr ff. e r terkleyii: ke1i:r 'a man
anything 'brought together' is called t e r g i n comes hurriedly' IrkB 7: Man. terkleyii
Kaf. 1 4 4 3 ; y a d ~ l m a g s yt e r g i n l m 'nly con- keitiler M I 13, 17: Xak. X I 01 1:q19 terk1e:-
centration will not be scattered' I 442, 7 ; dl: 'he hurried ('accain) the affarr' Kay. 111
11209, 22 (rilis-spelt tiir~iiniim;and with tarll- 445 (terkle:r, terk1e:me:k): xrv Muh. arra'a
m a g a y ; one or other of these must be R scribal 'to hasten' (Trans. and Intrans.) derkle-
error; neither translation literal). 1Me1. 22, 9; terkle- Rif. 103; al-musta'cil
'urgency, urgent' t e r k l e m e k 153 (terkllg
D t e r k i n Instr. f. of t e r k , and syn. w. it; 56, I ) : X w a r . xrrr terkieyii 'in haste' 'Ali 48:
'quickly, very soon', and thc like. N.0.a.b. K o m . XIV 'quickly, immediately' terklep
Tiirkii V I I I ff. Man. M I 6, l o (tu:l); 7, 15 C C I ; Gr.: (KIP. X I I I 'accala terk1e:t- (sic),
(butar1a:-): Uyg. vrrr ff. Man. T T I I I 94 also called C:w-, terce: (for *terkce:), t e r k i n
(tarlk-): Bud. t e r k i n t a v r a k 'hurriedly' U I Ifoou. 42, 12; the V. in liou. is in the Imperat.
31, 3; t e r k i n 'quiclcly' U 11zz, 21; III 12, 14; which explains why Adv.s are included in the
T T X 423, 51 I :,Xak. xr one says terkin kel translation).
asri' fi'l-111rJzir come quickly'; its ongin is
t e r k al-sur'a 'speed, rapidity' KO$.1441: KB D tirgiir- (d-) Caus. f. of *tic-; 'to revive,
t e r k i n 'quickly, very soon' is cotnnlon 1127, bring to live'. N.0.a.h. ; in the medieval period
1331, 1580, 2398. etc.: xrrl(!) At. (contact displaced by tirguz- which s.i.s.m.l. in NE
wtth the wicked) sen1 t e r k i n isiz kllrgllg with some phonetic changes; Tuv. dirgiz-;
k l l u r 'quickly makes you an evil-doer' 380; NC Klr. tirgiz- (and tirilt-); other languages
Tef. tterkin 'quickly' 300: Xwar. 1111 ditto use tirilt-; SW Az., Osm. d i r i l t - ; Tkm.
'Ali 22: xrv ditto Qutb 175: KIP. xlrr Hort. 42, di:relt-. T u r k u vrrr olteqi: bodunlg tir-
rz (terk1e:-). guru: igit(t)im 'I revived and fed the dying
people' I E 29, 11 E 23: vrrr ff. Man. (if we
D tiirgun (d-) Pass. Dev. N.!A. fr. t u r - ; lit. have said) tirgiirser tegr[i t i r g i i ~ r ]6liir-
'rolled up together', but with extended niean- s e r t e ~ r oluriir
i 'if someone brings to life
ings. Survives in NE Bar. tiirgiin 'time' (as it is God who brings to life, and if someone
in iic ttirgiin 'three times') R III 1563; and kills it is God who kills' Chuar. I 26 (mis-
for 'a wife's parents and kindred, her parental transcribed firgiidrer) : Uyg. vrrr ff. Man.-A
home' in NC Tara tiirgiin do.; Kir. tdrkiin; (and all the magicians together) neg tlrglir-
Kzx. t o r k i n ; NW Kk., Nog. ditto. Uyg. m e g e y 'will on no account bring to life' (or
vlrr ff. Man.-A (first they created the ten-fold he able to give a son or daughter) M I 15,
heavens) b i r tiirgiin 'as a single coherent 9-10: Bud. Suv. 610, 18 (alagad-): Xak. X I
:hole' M I 14, 7 : Xak. X I t u r g u n macma'u'l- tegri: Bliig tirgiirdi: 'God raised the dead
- ayirn tun haytu'l-rtmni wa'l-db 'a tribal com- man to life' (nhyd'l-mayyit) Kay. 11 179
munity; the house of one's parents'; one says (tirgiiriir, t1rgiirme:k); 0.0. in grammatical
k ~ turglinke:
z (or ?tiirgunige:, spelt tiir- examples II zoo, 17; 324, 21; I11 424, 16:
giinike: i l l MS.) keldi: 'the girl came to her xrrr(?) At. Bltigierni tirgiizmek (sic) BsHn
parents' house'; (in a verse) Btilgemet a g a r 'it is easy (Pe. I.-w.) for him to raise the
tiirgiinim saluha cam'i 'my community will dead' 20 {one MS. only t i r g u m e k ) ; Tef.
be put in order' Kap. I 4 4 1 ; same vcrse I I z o 9 , t i r g u z - ditto 302: Gag. xvff. tirkiiz-
21 (but 6:tilgemet yarlrrhrr). (-guci; 'with -k- and -2-') dirildeci (sic) Vel.
186; tirgiiz- (spelt) zinda kardan 'to make
D tCrge:g (d-) Dev. N. fr. *tBrge:- Den. V. alive' Sun. 191r. 10 (quotns.); (tirilt- Caus.
fr. t b r i g ; the basic meaning milst be rorue- f. of tiril-, zinda kardnn, also called tirgUz-
thin^ like 'crowding together'. T h e Uyg. word do. 9): X w a r . xrv tirgiir- ditto Qutb 179:
seems to belong here; it is difficult to see what K o m . xrv 'to raise the dead' tirgfz- C C G ;
else it could be. N.0.a.b.; cf. t8rgeg-. Uyg. Gr.: KIP. xrv tirgiir- (-g- unrocalized; one
vrrr ff.Civ. (in a list of misfortunes overtaking MS. tirgiz-) a'G~a'to bring to life'; also spelt
the impious) kiqini t o t a g a n tergiq b o l u r with d - Id. 38: xv mu!liy tirgizgen Tuh. 32b.
'he disparages other people and becomes I ; istahyd tlrgiz- do. 55% j: Osm. xrv to
obstructive(?)' T T VIl 25, 5-6; a.o.? do. 17. xvr (oily) dirgiir- (occasionally dirgir-) 'to
6-7 (conjecture; 81tig-): Xak. X I t6rge:q nl- bring alive'; common T T S I 210; I1 303;
-tamdnu' fi'l-rayr mina'l-zahma 'delay on a 111197; I V 228.
journey caused by crowds'; su:v t6rge:gi:
murtanqa'u'l-WIG' 'an excess accumulation of D tbrgeq- (d-) Recip. f. of *tbrge:-, see
water in a river (coming) from its tributaries' tBrge:q; n.0.a.b. Xak. xr tevey tbrgegdi:
(al-a'ddd) Kay. 1460. taqatfarati'l-ibil 'the camels (etc.) walked
in a line'; also used of anything when they
VU tirkig N.0.a.b. in the phr. ark19 tirkig, stand (qdma) one behind the other in a line
prob. only a jingle with arkrg, for which there (mrrtaqa{fira(n)) Kay. I1 206 (tergegii:~,
546 D I S . V. D R G - I
tCrge$tne:k); k a l ~ r ieren tCrge$ii:r (unvo- I) tiirgeklen- 1l;rp. lec.; I(rfl. Den. V. fr. 1
calized) translated 'he has now n~ustercd('abbd) tiirge:k. Xak. X I to:n tiirgeklendl: 'the yar-
a large arniy and advanced against me with it' nicnt was wrapped up in a packa~e'(~artda
Ir49.4; Basmrl C u m u l t6rgegii:r 'the Basmtl /is/-rrrzma; sic in MS., ?read jtrdda . . . fi'l-
.
..
and ~ u m u ltribes have assembled (ictama'at) -riz,na) Kaf. 11 351 (tilrgeklenii:r, tiirgek-
toattackus'l459, 9 ; alp1a:r k a m u g t6rgegii:r 1enme:k).
'the warriors are drawn up in line (ytr$(aff) for
battle'11165, 15: Gag. xv ff. terkeg- (so spelt) D tiirgiinlen- Ilap. leg.; Refl. 1)rn. V. fr. 1
radlif-i yok digor ptrdan rca pafar a z 'aqab ham- tiirgiin. Xak. xr 01 bu: evni: tiirgiinlendl:
-rafton 'to foll~wone another, to walk in a line, 'hc reckoned this house to be one of the houses
one behind the other' Sun. 19rr. 13, of his people and stopped at it' (min c~rwrlnbuyt
ahlilri fa-traznlo hihi) Kaz. I1 278 (tiirgiln-
lenil:r, tiirgiin1enme:k). I
T r l s . DRG
I) tire:@: (d-) Conc. N. fr. tire:-; 'column, Dis. DRL
support', and the like. Survives in N E Bar. 1) tar1a:ltarla:g See tar12ia:g.
tirew R 1111365; N C Ktr. t l r o ; Kzx. tirew.
Cf. tirek, tlrgiik. Xak. xr tire:@: 'anything D turln:k 'emaciated' and the like. Setnan-
on which something rests (ya'tamid 'alayhi) tically connected w. 2 tu:r- but not in]-
and which supports (ya'nrid) something', for mediately der. fr. it. N.0.a.b. Xnk. xl turla:k
example 'a pillar' (01-sdriya) and the like Kap. 'emaciated' (01-naf~ij)of any animal; and if
1447. a man grows up a weakling (pubba'l-inrcin bi'l-
-dtr'f) he is called tur1a:k Kai. 1467: KIP. xrv I
D t6reklig Hap. leg.; P.N.l.4. fr. t6rek. Xak. t u r l a k al-mrrrtahqoru'l-garb mina'l-inrdn 'a
XI (after terekllk) wa srillibtrhu 'and the owner contemptable destitute man' Id. 62: Osm.
of (a pop111r plantationj' kith -g, i.e. tereklig xvlrr t u r l a k (spelt) in Rlimi, cawiin omrad
Kay. I 509. nam-xwasta 'a young and beardless youth'; also
used for a young and beardless dervish (abdal
D tbreklik Hap. leg.?; A.N. (Conc. N.) fr. qalandar) Sun. 1 7 2 ~ .28 (the latter meaning I
tbrek. Xak. xr tereklik tnanhifu'l-hawr 'a seems to lie behind Sami t u r i a k 'young,
plantation of poplars' Ka?. 1509. undisciplined (man); unbroken (horse)'; Red.
t o r l a k ditto).
D tiriglik (d-) A.N. fr. tirig; 'life, existence',
and the like. S.i.m.m.l., usually abbreviated D terlik (Id-) A.N. (Conc. N.) fr. te:r;
to tirilik or tlrllk; SW Az. dirilik; Osm. 'something which absorbs sweat', with various
dirlik; 'Rm. di:rilik. Xak. xr K B tiriglik specific applications. S.i.m.m.1. usually an t e r -
tllese 'if a man wislies for life' (i.e. for lik, but NE TUV. d e r l i k ; NC Ktr. terdrk;
his reputation to outlive him) 183; yigitlik SW Tkm. derlik; normally 'saddle-felt'; the
kaqar 01 tirigilk u q a r 'youth passes and (fairly recent) Osm. meaning 'slipper' evolved
life flies away' 231; 0.0. 60, 232, 364, 949, from 'a light inner shoe worn under heavy
etc.: xrlr(?) Tef. tirlglfk 'life' 302: XIV boots to absorbthcs\veat'; I.-w. in Pe. and other
Rhg. tiriglikim 'my life' R I11 1369: Muh. languages, Doerfer I1 894. Xak. xr terlik 'the
a/-hayawn (sic) 'life' d1:rigllk Mel. 45, 6; felt (01-mir~ohn)which is put under the saddle-
t1:rI:gltk Rif. 138: Gag. xv ff. tirlglikztndagi cloth (01-mnlivo) Kaj. 1476: Gag. xv ff. t6rlik
'life' Sun. 1 9 3 ~6: . Xwar. x ~ vtiriglikltirlik Son. 57'. 27Ceprirn): O s m . x ~ to v xvr derllk,
'life' Qtrtb 180; tiriglik Nahc. 289, 7: Kom. mainly noted in Pe. dicts., '3 thin transparent
xlv 'life' tirilik CCG; Gr.: KIP. XIV tirlik garment' (usually feminine) T T S I1 286; I11
al-hnydl; also spelt with d - Id. 38; ditto 187; I V 213.
dlrlik Btrl. 5 , I I : Osrn. x ~ ff.
v dirlik 'life';
c.i.a.p. T T S I 21 I ; 11305; I11 199; I V 230; S tirlik See tiriglik.
X I V dirilik 1210.
VU(?D) t o r l u g (torlog; id-) 'sort, kind'.
D *terkkiila: See terk. Survives in SW Osm. tUrlil (earlier dUrlU),
Tkm. dtirll; the consistent spellings with -6-
1) t6rigse:k Hap. leg.; Desid. Den. N./A. fr. in T T FIJI, however, suggest that this was
t k r l g . Xak. XI (in a list of Desid. Den. N.s) the original vowel; the sound change (I > U
and one saysfi'l-kalinmti'l-mtrmdla,'in a word is common in SW. Etymolo~yobscure; un-
containing d(?)' 01 tava:r t6rigse:k 01 'he is likely to be a P.N./A. in -lug; there is no
fond of accuniulating (cam') property' Kay. semantic connection with t6:r. I t has no con-
1155, 2 1 . nection witl? the modern word tilr, 'shape,
fonil, exterior, appearnnce, pattern, type',
'I'rls. V. DRG- which occurs in several languages in all groups
U tirlg1e:- (<I-) Hap. leg.; Den. V. fr. tirig, except SUr,and seems to he a corruption of the
syn. w. tirgiir-. T h e word is quite clear in the syn. hlong. word diiri (Kum. ry35. Holfod
fncsitnile, but the spelling is so odd that a mis- 482). Tilrkii vrrr ff. 5 tlirlilg m o n q u k u g
writing of tlrgiirgeli must be suspected. Uya. (sic) 'of the fire kinds of jewels' Toy. 2 ( E T Y
V I I I ff. Man.-A (like the lord Moon God) 11 57): Man. tert ybgirmi t6rliig bag 'the
altigilg tirig1il:gIi 'who brings the dead to fourteen kinds of wounds' Clruas. 52; a.o.0.;
life' M 1 2 4 , 27-8. bu m u n t a g t6rlilg 'all these kinds' (of
 D I S . V. DRL-
<lanpers) 7'7' If 6, 22: UyR. V I I I ff. Man.-A r) t6rll- (d-) Pass. f. of tC:r-; 'to be collected,
b6g tKrlligin belgiiliig bolur 'they become assembled'. S.i.a.m.l.p.; in S W A t . , Osm.
visible in five kinds' M I 24, 8-9: Bud. derll-, lackinn in 'lkrn. Tiirkii vrlr (those who
Sanskrit dviirayena 'hy two supports' 2 tarlog were in the town went to the mountains and
ta:ya:g Uze: T T VIII A.4; dafavidhena 'by those in the mountains came down and) t4rlHp
ten sorts' o n t8rlBg iize: (iise:) D.31; t6rlUg yetmig e r bolmlg 'when they assembled they
do. F.10; 0.3-5; t6rlUk do. K.4, 9 ; and many became seventy' I E 12, I f E I r ; xanl: stisl:
0.0.: Civ. tl)rliIg do. L.49; (the larch tree's terilmlg 'their .ran and army assembled'
branches quiver) m i 0 tl)rlugin 'in a thousand T 28; 5 0.0.: vrrr ff. I r k 8 28 (uyur): Man.
ways' T T I 105; tokuz tarliig bgiklernig tkriltl 'assembled' TT I f 8,' 58: Uyg. ~ I I I
'of the nine kinds of thresholds' VII 12, 4; [Talygan kolte: t6riltlm I concentrated
and many 0.0.: Xak. XI t a r l u g 'ibdra 'an (my troops) at Lake [Ta]yRan'$u. S 3; t6rlllp
anwd' 'an expression for the kinds of a thing'; do. S 12: vrr1 ff. Man.-A (all the magicians)
hence one says kaq t6rliig ne:D arndf mina'l- t6rilip M I 15, 9 ; t6rllii kuvranu keltller
-yay' 'several kinds of things'; and kaq torliig 'they assembled (Elend.) and came' do. 35, 19:
sO:z a y d ~ mqultu anwd' mina'l-kaldm 'I said Man. tiizlin bilge klgller t6rllelim 'let us
several things' Kag. 1476; I 296 (iglel-); 402 good wise men assemble' M I1 10, 2 (ii): Bud.
(ttimen); tarliig qeqek anwci'u'l-zahr all (500 merchants) t6riltl PP 23, I ; t6riltirler
kinds of flowers' 1 1 1 9 , 4 ; 11r z t , 22: K B bu TT 2'1 334: Civ. s a w s t6rilUr 'the bile
tbrlUg q6qek 'these kinds of flowers' 96; 0.0. accumulates' T T VIII 1.23 : Xak. X I bo8u:n
238, 497, 969, etc.: XII(?)K B V P n e t a r l u g t6rlldi: 'the people assembled' (ictama'a); and
31; b u t6rlUg 55: XIII(?) At. n e tarltig one says yarma:k t6rildi: 'the dirhams (etc.)
a r ~ g s ~'whatever
z kind of impurity' I I I ; were amassed' (ictama'at) Kay. 11127 (t6rlliir,
k a m u g tllrltig igte 'in all kinds of work' r 15; t6rllrne:k; follows tiril-, but teril-); bu:la:r
Tef. dd8rli/t(irlitg/tBrlti ditto "9, 319: F a g . (sic) bo:dun 01 tiltyi: t6rilge:n 'these people
xv ff. torlilk ('m8ith -k') bir diirlu ce hir naru' are constantly assembling about something';
Vel. 207; tsrliik naw' wa qism 'sort, kind' also used of anything which is in the habit of
San. r73r I (quotn.): Xwar. xrrr tarlug/ coming together and assembling (al-inziwa'
tl)rlU ditto 'Ali 12: xrv ditto Qrrtb 190; Ai'N wa'/iclimd')I 521 ;e r k e k tigi: t6:rIIdi: (sic) 'the
262: KIP. xrv torlii: now' wa darb min yay' males and females have come together' (icta-
'the kind, or sort, of a thing'; one says torlii: mo'a) 1116, 2: KB (if one scatters the enemy)
yemig ketiirdi 'he brought various kinds y a n a tbrltimez 'he cannot reassemble' 2396;
(mritanawwi'a) of fruit' fd. 38. (merchants) a j u n tegzinurler thrilgii tilep
travel the world seeking an accumulation (of
Dls. V. DRL- wealth)' 4420; 0.0. 1057 (0ta:ql:); 1393 (2 0t):
taral-/tar11 Preliminary Note. Kag. lists Pass. XIII (?) Tef. teril- 'to assemble' 300: Gag.
f.s of t a r - , tare:-, and t a m - which are easily xv ff. t6ril- (spelt) gida yudan wa bar-$ids
gudan 'to be gathered, collected, assembled'
distingtrished, although thefirst and the third are Son. 19ov. ;4 (quotns.): Xwar. xrrr d6ril- :to
I~omophonous.So far as modern languages are assemble' A!i 36: O s m . xrv ff. deril- to
concerned there are two complicating factors; assemble'; c.1.a.p. T T S I 196; 11 284; 111
jirst sot?tr NE, NC, and N W fangtrages have 185; I V 211.
a Sec. f.. t a r a - of ta:r- so that in some of them D tirel- (d-) Pass. f. of tire:- ; 'to be propped
taral- is the Pass. f. of tar:- and tara:-, and up, supported', etc. S.i.m.m.1.g. (Xak. XI K B
some longttages have a Den. V. fr. 1 ta:r in (if one reckons up all these numerous benefits)
al-1-il instead of t a n k - . N C Kar., KZX.tar11-; u z u n bolga sBz t6p t1:re:ldi (Fergana MS.;
S W Om. daral-; Tktn. da:ral-. There is ttrildi Cairo; t ~ d ~ l dVienna) r t i l h 'my
little, if any, evidence of the survival of 2 tar11-. tongue would be silenced, saying "it would be
too long a story"' 4428; the Vienna MS.
D taral- (?d-) Pass. f. of tara:-; 'to be seems to have the best text): Gag. xv ff. tlrel-
combed'. X a k . XI saq taraldl: 'the hair was nafb stidan wa tir jlrdan cca rdst pdan 'to be
combed' (myifo) Kay. 11126 (taralur, taral- erected, propped up, straightened' Son. 191v.
ma:k): Gag. xv ff, taral- ydna pidun 'to be 14 (quotns.).
combed' San. r52v. 22. D tirll- (d-) Pass. f. of *tlr-; properly 'to be'
D 1 taril-; Pass. f. of ta:r-; 'to he dispersed', resuscitated, brought to life', but sometimes
etc. Xak. xt t a r ~ l d ~ : 'the thing was dis- more vaguely 'to be alive, live'; cf. yaga:-.
ne:g
persed' (fafarraga) Kay. II 126 (followed by S.i.a.m.1.g.; NE Tuv. diril-; SW Az., Osm.
2 t a d - ) ; (animals in the spring) Bgiir allp diril-; Tkm. di:rel-. Tiirkii vlrl tikiig
t a r a l d ~ :'form separate (mtrtafarriqa) herds' 111 6lteci: a n t a tirllti: 'many dying men herc
6 3; o . o . I 1 5 , 9 t a r g ~ l )I;1 2 0 9 . ~ 2 ( ?t6rgin):
; resuscitated there' II E 31: V I I I ff. (an old
k w a r . xrv tarA- 'to be dispersed' Qutb 172. woman left behind in a deserted camp found
a greasy spoon and by licking it) t1ri:lmi:g
D 2 t a d - Pass. f. of tart:- ; 'to be cultivated', BlBmde: ozmi:? 'was resuscitated and
etc. Xak. xr t a r l g t a r ~ l d ~ 'the
: seed (etc.) was escaped death' I r k B 13: (UyP. there is no
sown' (xuri'a) Kay. I 1 126 (tarrlur, t a n l - clear occurrence; the words transcribed tiril-
ma:k): Gag. xv ff. taril- afflnda yudan tuxm all seem to be t6ril-): Xak, XI Bltig tlrildi:
ma badr '(of seed) to be sown' San. 153'. 8. ?ta~)a'l-mayyit 'the dead man came to life'
 h-a$. II 127 (liriliir, tiri1me:k); t i r i g af-/~ay.v 1) tirilt- Sec t l t g i i r -
is derived fr. tiriildi: (sic) lroyiya I 14, 21 ;
bu: e r 01 edgii: s a w n t1rilge:n 'this man L) terlet- (?(I-) Caus. f. of terle:-; s.i.s.m.l.
c,~nstantlvlives (ya'if) with a aood reputation' Xak. X I nl a t l n terletti: 'he made his horse
1 523; 524. 1 9 ; (in tlip spriny) kug k u r t sweat'; and ~ ~ ~n t ry sol n t t a tcrlcttl: (rnir-
k a m u g t i r i l d ~ : 'all the birds and insects vocalized tijr/r,tti:) nlrosn /r~rnsolrrr run anrora
(?,al-r~.ahj)come to lrfe again' I11 6, 3: yalguk hi-jrlrcrinihi 'hc ordered that his horse should
meggii: tir1lme:s 'man does not live (ya'ip) be curry-combed' (tiend.) f i g . II 342 ( t e r -
for ever' III 6 5 , I ; a.o.0. in grammatical sec- letii:r, terle1me:k): Cab xv tf. terlet-
tions: KII tlrilsuni t e r k e n k u t ~m i g k u t u n Caus. f.; hn-'araq drcrcr<l/~~r'to put into a sweat
'may Your RIajesty live to enjoy a thousand Soit. iyzr. 28.
favours of heaven' 1 2 1 ; iigi kiigli tirliir 'their 1) terlen- (?(I-) Ilap. I c y . ? ; Ilefl. f. of t e r -
thoughts and minds are brought to life' 603; 1e:-. X a k . X I a t terlendi: 'the horse (etc.)
(if water quenches fire) y a n a tirliimez 'it sn-ented' ('nriqn) Kaf. II 242 ( t e r l e n u r ,
cannot be revived' 2396: XIII(?)At. t l r l l 'live' ter1enmc:k).
(virtuously) 365, 415; 0.0. 239 (ulam), 364;
Tef.diril-ltirll- 'to come to life; to live' 118, D tiirlun- (d-) liap. Irg.; Refl. f. of tliriil-.
302: X I V Muh. 'dgn d t r i l - Me[. 28, 13: di:ril- Xak. X I tiirliindl: ne:g 'the thing was rolled
Rtf. r r z : Gag. xv ff. tiril- ('with -I-') zinda up or wmpped up' (in!nn'd ~cn'nznri*rj)KO$.I 1
rudnn rco z i n d a ~ ikardan 'to lire, come alive' 243 (tiirliinu:r, tur1tinme:k; verse).
Sun. 19o\.. r g (rluotns.): X w a r . x ~ vtirll- 'to
live' Qtrtb 180; illN 70, etc.: K o m . XIV 'to be T r l s . DRL
brought to life, be alive' tiril- CCI, C C G ; VUD turnlag P.N./A. fr. 1 tura:; n.0.a.b. in
Gr. 245 (quotns.): Klp. X I I I 'Z$n tirll- Ilou. the fiend. t1n116 t u r a l i g . T i i r k u V I I I ff, Man.
42, 8: S I tiril-
~ '$fa, strictly speaking (haqiqa- bB9 t o r l u g t i n l ~ g ~
tural;kig
g 'the five kinds
t ~ i h ~ 'to
i ) be brought to life' (tr!rviya), the -1- of living creatures' (lit. those which have
being a Pass. Suff.; also pronounced with d- breath (tiend.)' ?) Cl~rms.86; 0.0. 91, 110, 146,
Id. 38: xv !layit ( y a q a m a k and) t i r i l m e k (in
margin in second hand d i r l l m e k ) Tiih. 12b. 7 ; D thriiliig I'.N./A. fr. t o r u ; n.0.a.b. Uyg.
'dga tiril- do. 25b. 6 ; from t i r i tiril- do. 84a. 5: vllr fT. Man.-A M 1 2 6 , 14-15 (aglag): Bud.
O s m . x ~ ff.v d i r l l - 'to live, spend one's life'; Vayqall a t l ~ gn o m l u g tariiliig b a l ~ k d a'in
c.i.a.p. T T S I 210; 11 304; I11 198; I V 228. the city called Vaidali, where the (true) doc-
D t u r u l - (d-) Pass. f. of 1 t u r - ; as 1 t u r - is trine and rules are followed' T T V I 07: Civ.
Intrans., this should properly be used only ( j o y and happiness have come to you) s a g a
Impersonally as S W Osm, d u r u l - is; hut in tiiriiltig torii t[egdi?] 'correct rules(of life?)
the passages below it seenls to mean lit. 'to have reached you' T T I 89: X a k . xr KB
be brought to a stop'; see t u r u l d u r - . Uyg. (listen to the words of) toriiliig kisi, toriiliig
V I I I ff. Bud. S~ir.
290, 16 ( a m r ~ l - ) :Xak. X I kiqi bold1 61 t o r bag1 'the man who (ad-
e r I:$tln turuldr: 'the man was tired of (or rnir~isters)the traditiond laws; he is the head
disgi~stedby; sa'itim) the task'; also used when of thc scat of honour in the realm' 2196: Klp.
a man is revolted by food liar. II 126 ( t u r u l u r , r v ttrtrvatiil~'organizer' (~lossedin a second
turu1ma:k). hand pd!tihtr'l-'d/~fl 'master of customary
(law)') toreli 'Iiili. 33n. 2.
D tiiriil- (d-) Pass. f. of t u r - ; 'to be rolled up,
\rrapped up', and the like. S.i.m.m.1.g.; N E ' h i s . V. DRL-
T u v . diiriil-; SW Osrn. diiriil-; Tkni. D t u r u l d u r - (d-) Caus. f. of t u r u l - : 'to bring
doriil-. Xak. X I bitig tiiriildi: 'the scroll to a halt' and the like. N.0.a.b. Uyg. V I I I ff.
(etc.) was rolled up' (frmciya) Kag. ZI 127 Bud. (the eighth aspect of faith is that it is
(turiilur, turii1me:k): XIII(?)TeJ turiil- 'to called) k61~iilliigs u v u g t u r u l t u r d a ~Suz- ~
be wrapped up, covered up' 319: X w a r . xlv d e ~ ei r t i n i 'the jewel which halts and filters'
tiiriil- (of a scroll) 'to be rolled up' Qutb 186. the streams of thought' TT V 26, 97; a l k d
D terle:- (?d-) Den. V. fr. te:r; 'to sweat'. alp turuldurguluk ;uruldurdaq~ ulug
S.i.a.m.1.a. ; SW Tkm. derle-, but Az., Osm. V a c ~ r a p a n l x a n l a r l the great Vajrapini'
terle-. Cf. terit-. Xak. X I a t terle:di: 'the kings who put a stop to a11 difficulties which
horse sweated' (rapalra . . . 'ariq); and one says ought to be put n stop to' USp. 5 9 , ~ ~ -;I(PU)
01 a t l n terle:di: furcana farasahti w 4 naqqd t o s ~ n l a r l gt u r u l d u r u p 'bringing to a halt
o!ara'l-'nraq rca'l-raze! 'nnhu 'he curry- unruly men' (?; assuming a Sec. f. of t o s u n )
combed his horse and *-iped off the traces Sfiv.73, 1-2; (PU) t o s l n e r e n l e r i g t u r u l d u r - .
of sweat nrtd dung' h-ap. III 293 (terle:r, day1 t e g r i l e r 'the gods who 1,ring to a halt
ter1e:me:k): s ~ r r ( ?Tef.
) terle- 'to sweat' 3 0 0 : unruly men' do. 187, 7-8.
Gag. xv ff. terle- 'urn9 kardnn ditto San. 192r.
14 (quotns.): X w a r . X I V t e r l e - ditto Qtith 178: Dls. DRM
Kom. ditto t e r l e - CCG; Gr.: KIP. xrv terle- D t a r l m N.S.A. fr. ta:r-; lit. 'a single act of
'ariqn f d . 38; ditto d e r l e - Bul. 64r.: xv ditto disperstng'; Hap. leg. ss a common N. but
terle- l'utz. z g b 7 ; fr. t e r terle- do. 84a. 5: familiar as the nanie of a river, (VU) U s m i :
O s m . XIV to xvr dcrle- ditto: common TTS is perhaps the pre-Turkish name for it. Xak.
11 286; I V 213. X I t a r r m 'branches (a'ddd) of a river which
 flows into swamps and q r ~ ~ c k s ; ~ n dTs ' a; r ~ m implenients') silsilafrc'l-fazl 'the length(?) of
the name of a place on the frontier of llygur thread' (PU) tu:ru:m Mel. 60, 7; Rif. 159
near Kuva: called T a r l m (ric); a river flows ma? belong here).
through it; the river is called hy the same name
Kop. 1 3 9 6 : ( V t J ) U s m t : T a r ~ mthc name o f t u r m a : I'reliminary nnte. This c o r d occurs in
a large river which flows from the Rloslvm U j f . iri contrxts which srrggest that if means 'an
country to Uygur and there sinks into the oiferin~',proh. of food. In this sense if seems tn
sand 1130. he an Intrans. Dev. IV. fr. I t u r - in the rrnre of
S (D) t e r i m a royal title or forni of address; something which is set before a god. Rlseu~hrre
a I.-w. in l'e., see Dorrfer I1 looo. In spite of it nrrnns 'radish' both in Turkish and Pe. and
his scepticism, Pelliot's suegestion that this is other lnngrragrs, see Doerfer 11897. 11 survir~er
a crasis of t e g r i m , q.v., is the most plausible in one or two NTV Innfruages; rlsmhere it has
explanation of this word. Uyg. vrrr ff. Bud. been displaced 11yPr. turp. Doerjer is prob. right
t e r i m component in a feminine P.N. Surr. in sriggesting that, in view of the reselnhlance
137, 18 (azga:n): Civ. k l z kelilrguqi i k i between the two u'ords and the impossibility
t e r i m 'the two ladies who brought the
bride' fan^. Arch. 154-5: Xak. xr t e r l m a of finding a Turkish ptj'mology for the word ilr
form of address (.vi!dh) to princes (01-tahrikin) this sense, it is a 1.-w.
and anyone who is a descendant (min owlcid)
of Afrlsiy>h, royal ladics (01-xoruBfin) and 1) 1 t u r m a : 1)ev. N. fr. 1 t u r - ; lit. 'standing';
'an offering'. N.0.a.b. Uyg. ~ I I ff. I Ilud. TT
others. great and small; this word is not ap-
plied to anyone except the children of X5- V I I r6 is a fragment of a text prescribing the
klni kings; if they are grown up (haburzi) offerings to be made to various divine per-
a l t u n t e r i m is used in the title of royal ladies sonages. Ll. 7-16 listing the offerings to be
(fi laqnhi'l-nisfi'i'l-xazuBtin)Kag. I 396: Gag. made to the planets is headed a q l a r l e r s e r
(?) xv ff. t e r e m (so spelt) a name for great 'as for their foods'; these offerings are vege-
ladies (srcvftlirt-i brrztrrg); (I'e. qr~otn.); the tables and dairy products. LI. 17 ff. listing
author of the Forhong-i C i h n ~ t ~ included
iri this sitnilar offerings to be made to the yaksns is
word in his dict. with a quotn. San. ri)zr. zq. headed y a k ~ a l a r n r gt u r r n a l a r r e r s e r ; (and
after preaching this szilra) y a v g a n t u r m a
t n r r l m 'a camel colt', the next age-group [gap! e g s u g s i z ( ? ) yetgiirgeli 'offering plain
beyond a botu:, q.v. ; the agc indicated varies offer~ngsw ~ t h o u tstint(?)' (to the four divine
in different lanpuagcs. Survives in NE 'Tuv. mahdrdjds-i.e. the yok~os)Srrv. 26, 19-20;
d o r u m 'a one-year old'; SW Ostn. t o r u n t a r t m a h a r a c t e g r i t e r k e t u r m a otuneyin
(qic) 'a two-car old'; Tkni. t o : r u m 'between 'I u-ill offer offerings to the four divine
S I X rtlonths and a year'. See ShrJzrybak, p. 106. mohdrfijcis' do. 27, 12-13.
X a k . X I t o r u m (hi'l-ijbd, 'with back vowcls)
ibn maw54 'a camel colt', Feminine ti$i: IF 2 t u r m a : 'radish'. Xak. XI t u r m a : al-
t o r u m kby. I 396: xrv Muh. ol-fnril 'a camel -fuel (MS. ficl) 'radish'; hence of-cazar 'carrot'
colt just weaned' to:rum/to:rom Met. 7, 15; is called ear18 t u r m a : that is 'yellow radish',
Rif. 79; a/-/tiqq propcrly 'a threteyear old', and the pcople of Argu: call it g k z r i : taken
but thc onlv word for 'colt' under 'catnels' fr. the Pe. wnrd for 'carrot', gazar, substi-
to:rrr:m 70; 7; 172: G a g . xv ff. t o r u m 'a tuting front vowels (rahhakzihrr); the O g u z
two-year old camel colt'; a one-year old is call it (VU) ge$ur, also taken from the Per-
called koqek and k e ~ e l e kand a three-year sians; when they mingled with the Persians
t a y l a k ; and it ( ? t a y l a k ) is also a ptnllion they forgot some of their language and used
(nsb-i nor) which they allow to run with the Persian instead (ratious examples follow)
mares and breed from SRII. I73r. 9 ; a.0. Kaj. 1 4 3 1 ; a.o. I 366 (kiivij): KIP. xi11 af-
306v 18 (kiiqek): (Klp. xrv (a camel) allrzdi -fuel ( a ~ r :(PU) erege:; also called) t u r m a :
lahtc sanatdn 'two years old' t o r u m q a x Bul. Hou. 8,13: (xlv t u r p ( ' w i t h -p') 01-fucl fd. 38).
7, 5 ) .
D t a r r n u t Hap. leg. but see t a r m u t l t g ,
D t u r u m (d-) N.S.A. fr. 1 t u r - ; lit. 'a single t a r m u t l a n - ; Active Dev. N. fr. tarma:-
act of standing'. S.i.s.m.1. with various ex- with -a:- elided; lit. 'something \vhich
fended meanings, e.g. S W Osm., Tkm. d u r u m branches out'. X a k . xr t a r r n u t ficdcu'l-
position, attitude'. Uyg. vrlr ff. F n . t u r u m -cabal wa fald'uhu 'ravines and stream-beds in
RTR seems to mean 'completely, o r 'imme- the mountains'; hence one says ta:g t a r m u t
diately'; (anger) t u r u m a r a (destroys fully k e ~ t i m'I crossed ravines and stream-beds in
matured doctrine and humble thoughts) 7'T the mountains' Kay. I 45 I .
I1 17, 70: nud. (let the king offer incensc . . .)
01 tutsiigniig t i i t h i t u r u m a r a k o k k a l t k D t a r m a : k Conc. N. fr. tarma:-; as that V.
i q i n d e y a d ~ l r p 'the smoke of that incense is a Den. V. fr. t a r r m the basic meaning must
will immediately pervade the atmosphere and' be 'something which branches out in several
Stro. 424, 12-14; a.0. 425, 21 : X a k . X I t u r u m directions', but, perhaps because of its resem-
qadr qanrafi'l-mcul 'the height of a man stand- blance to t r q a k , it sometimes means 'claw',
ing upright'; hence one says bl:r e r t u r u m r : instead of 'a set of claws, a talon' which would
SU:V 'water (etc.) the depth of the heirrht of a etymolo~ically he more correct. Survives in
man' Kas. I 396: (xrv Muh. (under 'weavers' NE S o r t a r b n k 'leather glove'; Tel. t a r m a k
'rake'; Khnk. t a r b n x 'forked, branchina'; firmng- VeI. 187); t r r m a n - j t l r m a g - hri rang
'I'uv. d r r b n k 'na~l,claw'; S E 'I'urki t a r m a k rcn nnsrrn raspidon run ha-hdlA rn/mn 'to climb
'hranch, offshot; harrow, grapnel'; N C Klr., up h n l d i n ~on by the ciaws or nails' Sun, 192v.
K z x . t a r m a k 'hranch'; t r r m a k 'claw'; SC I 7 (quotns.)
Uzh. t n r m o k 'hranch. handle; net'; NW l<k., T r l s . DRM
Kaz., NOR. t n r m a k 'hranch (of a river, rail-
\%-a?linc, ctc.); scction (of industry)'; SW Az. 1) t a r m u t l u j i Hap. lcg.; I'.N./A. fr. t a r m u t .
d ~ r m r Q Osm.
; t l r m r k ; Tkm. d l r r n r k 'rake'. 1 J y g . vlrr ff. Dud. ki5k krzrl y U r j l ~y a l ~ n l a r
X a k . X I t a r m a k : nl-mi.~lab 'a talon'; and t a r m i l t l u g saqtlu iinerler 'blue, rcd, and
a kind of plant (al-nabt) is called k a r g a : whitc flames spring up and scatter and Iwanch
tarma:kr: (?sir, 'crow's foot', MS. kar2n:k) out in every direction' 7;II I V 2 5 3 , 38.
Knf. 1 4 6 7 : K o m . X I V '(finger) nail' t r r m a k
t u r u m t a : y oddly shaped; perhaps a I.-w.;
C C I ; Gr. a kind of small hawk, perhaps 'the merlin
I) tiirme:k (d-) Conc. N. fr. tiir-; 'a stuffed (Falco a~scalon)'hut prob. also used for other
meat hall', lit. 'something wrapped up'. Pec. similar birds. S.i.s.m.l, inSE, N C , S C , N W ;
to Xak. X a k . S I tiirme:k a[-zumdword 'a an early I.-w. in Mong. turimfay(Haenisch 15).
stuffcd meat ball' Ka?. I 477; 0.n: I 396 and i'e., see Doerfer I 1 896 wherc its exact
( t i k i m ) ; I1 106 (tiklg-): K R kigi u t r u k l identity is discussed at Icngth. Cf. ~ a v l r : ,etc.
t u r m c k a l m a tLgu (at meals) 'do not reach X a k . X I t u r u m t a : y ism tii'ir min sihci'i'l-fayr
out and take a meat ball in front of someone fayrid 'the name of a predatory bird used for
elsc' 4 5 9 8 hawking'; and a man is given the name or
title (yrrsammci . . . rca yrtlaqqah) t u r u m t a : y
\'U?D t a r m a z 'a gherkin'; in I 343 spelt Kay. 111 243; altr: T u r u m t a : y ~ m n r : 'he
t u r m u z . Unless thls is a I.-w. cognate to 2 took (my slave namcd) 'I'urumta:~ from me'
t u r m a : it is prob. the Neg. Aor. Participle of II r r o , 6 : KIP. xrv 0 1 - b a ~ ~ ~ ~run'/-1t~'ltr'a
aqn
ta:r-, lit. 'not branching', i.e. compact, as a [ u r u n f a y (sic), Birl. I r, 15: xv calnmd ditto
fiherkiti is. X a k . X I t a r m a z ni-qo!nd'gherkin' l'tih. I , I ~ .3 (it docs not scci~ipossible to find
tin?. 1 4 5 7 ; a.o. I 343 (kary). a precrsc rneaning for the three Ar, words; all
thrcc arc used in Id. 86 to translate k e y -
Dis. V. DRM- g e n e k which is not an early word).
I) t a r m a : - I3cn. V. fr. tarrm; lit. 'to hranch 1) t o r u m l u g Hap. l e ~ . ;IP.N./A. fr. t o r u r n .
out in various directions, take the shape of a X a k . xr t o r u m l u g er 'a man \rho owns a
talon', and thc like, in practice 'to scratch' (i.e. camel colt' (ibn mn.u&i) ICng. 1498.
'to use a talrm') and in some modern languages
'to rake up'. S.i.s.m.1. w. the same phonetic
c h a n ~ e sas t a r m a : k , q.v.; the SW sound T r i s . V. DRhI-
change -a- > -I-, prob. under the influence D t a r m u t l a n - liap. l e ~ . ;Refl. J3cn. V. fr.
of trrgnk, is rcflcctcd in the vocalization of t a r m u t ; cf. t a r m a k l a n - . Xak. xr su:v
snnle of the iler. f.s in the MS. of Kng. X a k . t a r r n u t l a n d l : $am'/-me' da a'ddd u'n xulr
xi 01 a n q yu:zin tnrma:dl: sadnpnlrrr 'he 'thc watct fi)nnrcl (srparntc) hranchcs and
scratchrd his face' A-o~.II 364, I (in a gram- charltrels' Iin$. I1 270 ( t a r m u t l a n u : r ,
matical sectiorl); n.rn.e.: Ca& xv ff. t l r m a - t a r m u t 1 a n m a : k ; thcsc two tnisvocalized
(-p, etc.) sor- rcn trru!rknm rylr- 'to wrap up, trrr . . .).
make fast', and pnncn rrrrrp trrnrnla- 'to claw'
1,'cl. 187 (quotns.); t r r m a - (spelt) gang run 11 t a r m a k l a n - I h p . leg ; Refl. Den. V.
~(ixrrttzndan 'to scrath with the nails or claws', fr. tarma:lc; cf. t a r m u t l a n - X a k . xr bo:y
in Kihttf t ~ r m a l n - ;and, nietaph., xarajidan t a r m a k l a n d r : nazala'l-hildl wa'l-pabey11 ka'l-
'to scratch, lacerate' San. r92r. 28 (quotns.): -masdlih fi'l-majZza min kull cn'nih 'the clans
Klp. xv xnrbaja 'to scratch' t r r n a - (sic) and (Hend.) settled in the desert (fanning out) like
t r r m a - added abovc in the same(?) hand claws in every direction': and one says balo:
Ttllr. Ija. I . t a r m a k l a n d l : 'the nestling grew claws'
(rtm.udd1ib); and 8u:v t a r r n a k l a n d l : 'the water
D t a r m a t - Hap. leg.?; Caus. f. of tarma:-. fornied channels' (srrlc) Kaj. I1 274 ( t a r m a k -
X a k . sr 01 a n l o yu:zin t a r r n a t t l : a.udnjn Lanu:r, tarmak1anrna:k).
;cnchohrr 'he had his facc scratched' Kay. II
349 ( t a r m a t u x , t a r m a t m a : k ) ; a.0. 364, 8. 1) t u r n ~ e k l e n -(d-) Hap. leg.; Refl. Den. V.
fr. t u r m e k . X a k . XI S t m e k tiirmeklendr:
D t a r m a l - Hap. leg.?; Pass. f. of t a r m a : - . ri~t~rxi&mina'l-xubzi'l-zumdward 'meat balls
l a k . X I a n l o yii:zl: t a r m a l d i : 'his face was were made out of the bread' Kup. I1 276
scratched' (vrrdr$n) Knp. 11 230 (tarmalu:r, (tCirmeklenii:r, tllrmek1enme:k).
t a r m a 1 m n : k ; twice vocalized trrmal-).
D tar1mla:- Hap. leg.; Den. V. fr. t a r l m .
U t a r m a g - Recip. f. of t a r m a : - ; s.i.s.m.l. w. X a k . xr 01 iigtizni: tar1mla:dr: 'he crossed
some phonetic changes. X a k . xr ola:r ikki: the river island by island ('ahara . . . cazi-
t a r m a g d i : 'they scratched one another' min(n) fa-cnzirata(n)) from one channel
(mxddayd) Kay. I I ao.7 (tarmagu:r, t a r m a g - (trslic) to another', that is he avoided its quick-
m a : k ; the tA' everywhere carries both sand (tayhtirahrr) Ka& III 341 (tarxmla:r,
fatha and knsra): Gag. xv ff. ( t t n n a n - (-dl) tarlm1a:ma:k).
 DIS. DRN
1) turum1a:- ( d - ) Den. V. fr. t u r u r n ; sur- Kaj. I!I 370: X w a r . X I I I d4renlde:re:n
vives with the same meaning in NF. Sor 'deep' Ali 57: XIII(?)t e r i ~( ? d-) mtiren
t u r u m n a - ; Tel. t u r u m d a - R I11 1456. 'a deep river' (&long. I.-w.) Of. 175: Kom.
Xak. xr ol 8u:vug turumla:dl: qoddara X I V 'deep' tereg (sic) CCC;; Gr.: KIP. X I I I
rrmqa'l-me' hi-qtirnntilii 'hc measured the
depth of the water hy his own height' Koj. III
341 (turumla:r, tururn1a:ma:k).
ol-'amiq (opposite to 'the opposite of dee
?I:; I'krn. slk) terin Nou. 7, I : (XIVunder
with -d-'; dil:den 01-'amiq Id. 48 looks like
'x:
an error for derti:n): xv 'amiq (PU yaran.
L) t a r l m s l n - Ilap. Icg.; Refl. Si~nulativeDen. g1g11; in margin) terin Tub. 25a. I I ; teren
.'1 fr. a N.S.A. fr. tar]:-.Xak. X I 01 t a r @ (sir) 'amiq do. 74a I .
tarlmslndl: 'he pretcndcd to sow the seed
(ynzra'u'l-znr'), hut did not actually sow it' VU tlrig liap. leg.?; onomatopoeic. Xak. X I
Ka$. I1 259 (tarlmslnu:r, tarlrns11lma:k). one says kula:krrn tirig etti: 'my ear buzzed'
(tanttat); it is an onomatopoeic (hikya) for any
D tkrirnsin- (d-) Hap. leg. ; Reil. Simulative similar sound; hence one says ya:sln tirig
Ilcn. V. fr. tkrirn N.S.A. fr. tk:r-, not noted etturdi: 'he twanged (onboda) his bow'; it is
in the early period hut fairly common in SW an onomatopoeic for the noise made by the
Osrn. until recently as tlcrlrn scc T T S I 196, string Kaj. 111370.
etc. Xak. XI 01 yarma:k tkrlmsindi: 'he
pretended to accumulate (yocmn') dirhams' turfia: (Id-) 'crane' (bird). S.i.a.m.l.g.,
Kal. II 261, I (in a grammatical section); usually t u r n a , occasionally tlrnaltorna;
n.m.e. NE l'uv. durya:; SW Az., 'Ikm. d u r n a ;
Osm. turna. See Doerfer I11 r 181. TtlrkU
D t u r u m s l n - (d-) Hap. leg.; KeR. Simulative vrlr ff. turfiya: (SIC)kug 'a crane' (settled on
Den. V. fr. tururn. Xak. xr 01 yoka:ru: its nest) IrkB 61: Xak, xr turna: at-kurki
t u r u m s a n d ~ : 'he pretcndcd to stand up 'crane' Koj. III 239: K B 74 (kiikig), 5377:
(gnqlint), but did not actually do so' KO?: I1 xrv Mrlh 01-kurki turna: Mel. 73, I ; tu:rna:
260, 10 (in a gran~maticalsection); I1.m.c. Rif. 175: F a g . xvff. t u r n a 'a bird of blue
colour ~5 hich has a long neck and puts its tail
Dis. DRN fcathers over its hcad', in Pe. kulang 'crane'
San. 173r. 5 (quotn.): Kom. xlv 'crane' t u r n a
D tBrin (d-) Intrans. Dcv. N. fr. tB:r-; 'an C C I ; G r . : KIP. xIrr al-kurki furna: Hou.
assembly, gathering'. N.o a.b. In the Iiend. 10, 5: xrv ditto fd. 63; Bul. I I , 9: xv ditto
t e r i n kuvra:g 'a (religious) community'. Cf. Kav. 62, r 3; Tr~h.31a. I : O s m . xvl ff. W r n a
tkrig, t6rne:k. T u r k u vrrr ff. Man. ukUg 'crane'; common T T S I V 762.
tkr[in] k u v r a g 'niany communities' M I I I 21,
13: Uyg. war ff. Man. t[kr]lnl[er]i kuvrag- t l r g a k (Id-) 'a (human or animal) nail, or
I [ a r ] ~ T T IX 97: Bud. b u yCrdeki t o r t claw'. Survives in NE several languages
tarliig tCrin k u v r a g ~birle 'together with t l r g a k ; Tuv. d l r g a k ; SE Tiirki t l m a k ; SC
their four kinds of community on this earth' Uzb. t i r n o k ; NW most languages t l r n a k ;
T T VI 09; o.n. USp. 103, 20; Hiien-ts. 2080- SW Az., Tkm. d ~ r n a k ;Osm. tlrnak. The
2083; Suv. Z , 13. word was confused with tarrna:k and some
modem xvords listed there may belong here.
tcrlg (ci-) 'dcep'; s.i.a.m.1.p. cxccpt SE, See Doerfer 111 I 182. Tiirkii vrir ff. frkB 44
u s ~ ~ a l lwith
y -e- in the second ~yllahlc;SW (tttrn-): Uyg. V I I I ff. Man.-A M I 17, 20
Az., Osm. d e r l n ; Ykm. deri:g. Uyg. VIII ff. (1 u:q): Dud. kaltr t ~ r g a kUzeki t o p r a k t e g
Dud. (the Uodhisattva named) Surnkr terig 'like earth under the nails' T T VI 3 3 6 3 : Civ.
'as deep as Mount Sumeru (is high)' T T VI t i g r a k (sic) blqgu k u n 'days for cutting the
360; (all the) terigde terig 'very profound' nails' T T VII 32, I ; a.o.0.: Xak. xr t ~ n ~ a k
(interpretations of the doctrine) Suer. 202, al-zufr 'nail, claw' Kay. 111 382; 0.0. I 134
21-2; n l z v a n ~ l t gkirleri terig iiqiin 'because (uriig), 177 ( a d ~ r - ) :K B 2377 (ilig-): xrr~(?)
the stains caused by their passions are deep' Tef. ttlrnak (sic) 'nail' 303: xrv Muh. 01-rufr
Hiien-ts. 104; 0.0. Kuan. 177 ( a n d ~ k - ) ;T T V dlrna:k Mel. 47, 9; Rif. 141; (under 'horses')
22, 18 etc. (tlitriim): Civ. t e r i ~k u d u g 'a hzfirhd 'their hooves' t1rna:k 69, 14; ditto
deep well' T T S I 102; e r kut1(readquwwatl) (MS. ttna:k) 171 : Gag. xv ff. ttrnagltlrnak
belig s u v k u t l (read quwwatl) terig 'the nrirun 'claw' Sun. rg3r. 25: X w a r . xrv t ~ r n a k
strength of a man lies in (his power to cause) 'finger-nail' Qutb 193: Klp- xlrl (under
terror; the strength of water lies in its depth' 'birds') al-mixlob 'claw' dlrga:k (sic, ? re-
VII 42, 4; a.0. do. 30, 11 (Clt1~-):Xak. xr presenting d1qa:k) Hou. 10, 15; al-zufr
t e r i g tegiz 01-ba!tru'l-afyahu'l-'amiq 'the wide, t l r n a k do. 20, 15: XIV f ~ r n a kal-znfr fd. 62:
deep sea' Kay. 111370 (and see Oguz): XIII(?) xv ditto Kav. 61, 5; Tuh. 24a. 13; maxdlib
Tef. terlg 'dcep' 300: XIV Muh.(?) of-'amiq t ~ r n a kdo. 3 3 b 9: O s m . xlv to x v ~d l r n a k
derig (unvocalized) Rif. 153 (only): Qag. (once xrv tirnak) 'nail, claw'; in several texts
s v ff. t6rig 'amiq Sun. 193v 11 (quotns.): T T S I z o 2 ; II 894; III 191; IV2111.
OBuz xr (after Xak.) and the O~uze(call)
anything 'copious and deep' (gazir amiq) D t8rne:k (d-) abbreviated Dev. N. fr.
terig; one says terlg u:rl: 'a deep ravine' and tdrin-; 'an assembly or gathering'. S U N ~ V M
t e r i ~bilge: 'dim i~akim$nziru'l-'ilm wa'l- only(?) in S W Osm. dernek. Cf. terig,
-bihma 'a profound scholar, a very wise man' tkrin. Xak, xr t6rne:k ma,hfolu'l-qmem
 DIS. IIRN
ictanta'ri'l-rodbir 'a fiathering of n tribe (when) 1) t i r e n - (d-)Refl. f. of tlre:-; lit. 'to support
they meet for discr~ss~ons' KO!. 1 477: K B oneself (on somethinc)', with extended mean-
4829 (tars:-): O s m . \;rv lf. rlernek/dCrnek ings l ~ k e'to brace oncsclf apainst (something);
'assenihly, pathering'; c.i.a.p. TTS 1 197; I 1 to resist'. S.i.s.m.l.; S W A z . , O s r n . d l r c n - ;
287; I11 1 8 j ; I V 214. 'I'km, cll:ren-. X a k . sr e r 1:ptln t l r e n d l :
( M S . tcrindi:) 'the man rcfrainrd from
U t k r g c k (d-) pec. to Koy.; apparently the (irntn?m'n . . . w i n ; taking) the a c t ~ o n ' alqo ; for
right sprllinp in spite of its unusual position refraining frirtn anything; and one says e r
in the hook (sre qiigek); if so, abbreviated ta:mka: t i r e n d l : 'the man lcant (itfakn'o)
I>ev. N. (cirnnrjting habitual actlon) fr. t b r i n - , aUninst t h r \rcall' (etc.) Koj. I1 1 4 s ( t i r e : n u r
nriginally *tCrlngek. T h e main entry is (sir), t i r e n m c k ) ; (if misfortune comes . . .)
unvocalized, the others fully vocalized; the anqa: a g a r t i r e n g i l 'and so Iirace yourself
spelling tergu:k is no doubt d u e to the sup- against it' 111 233, 16: K R t i r e n a r k a b e t m e
posrd connection with tnrntiq. X a k . X I 'hrace yollrself and d o not turn your back' (on
t e r g e k 0 1 - ~ n z zinina'l-inii' 'water oozing from the enemy) 2378; (whatever I took firm hold
the ground', in Ar. trrriirtq (hlS. tornqrcq, pro- o f ) 01 a n q a t i r e n d i e l e t t i t a t 1 2 'he equally
perly torn~iq'river slime'); the qcifwas changed supported himself on and deprived of attrac-
to kiif, Trcn hodihi mrtsu6Jipn 'this is a con- tion' 3885; (the body is a dangerous enemy)
current meaning' K ~ $ .I I 291 ; tergii:k (sic) tilekinqe l g r n a k a t ~ k l a nt l r e n 'do not give
suvl: iqelirn 'let us drink water oozing from in to its desires, he firm and brace your-
the ground' (nrii'n'f-nozz) 11 6, 2 ; iinrniq self' 3638: [slv RIuh.0) 01-m'do ti:re:nrnek
u l u g t e r g e k iize: kop k a g a k t : translated (PIS. -irmk) RI'J 125 (only); 01-m'da 'to thun-
(freely) niiltcrr f i ocitnmii' tco !~oyZ' ko!ira der, threaten' must he an error, perhaps for
irohntn 'nlii rird ittnncala tnina'l-ard 'I shall go nl-rikzn 'to he firm, resr~lute'): K o m . X I V 'to
into the luxuriant vegetation and bulrushes be erected' t i r e n - CCG; Gr.
which grow in abundance on the swampy
ground' 1 1 328, 17. 1) 1 t u r u n - (d-) Hap. ley.; Ilefl. f. of 1 t u r - ;
the t\\m entries. hoth self-contained, are
Dis. V . IIRN- separated frotn one another hy four others but
seem to rrprescnt the same V. X a k . X I o l
1 ) t a r a n - ( ?d-)Refl. f. of tara:-;'tocornbone's l n n g a : t u r u n d l : qrlu*(zmnni 'he faced me';
own (hair)' and t h r like. S.i.m.nl.1. X a k . XI also used i&i qfitna bi-nirtp3/~ilnliliiw3n 'drndoht~
o l s a q t n t a r a n d ~ : 'he comhed his own for 'to confront, oppose' K a j . I1 145 ( t u r u -
(inrtaqo!~) hair without help from anyone else' nu:r, turunrna:k): e r t:$ta: t u r u n d l : 'the
f i r . II 145 ( t a r a : n u r (sic), t a r a n m a : k ) . tnan hesitated ahout (or delayed; tnrc~nqqofa)
the \\pork' XI 146 ( t u r u n u : r , t u r u n m a : k ) .
L) t a r i n - Rcfl. f. of t a n : - ; n.n.a.b. U y g .
VIII ff. Civ. b o d u n t a r t n l p y e t 'the land 1) 2 t u t u n - Hap. Irg. j Refl. f. of 2 t u x - .
which the people cultivate for themselves' X a k . X I a t turuntll: the horse (etc.) was
USp. 77, 6: X a k . sr e r t a n g t a r t n d ~ :'the emaciated' (h~rzilo)Krrp. I I 146 ( t u r u n u : r ,
rrlrin pretcndetl tocultivate the land'(yohrrttir'1- turunrnn:k).
-1rqrf); also used \\-hen he cultivates it hy him-
srlf &$. 11 145 (tar1nu:r. t a r 1 n m a : k ) ; a.o. 1) t u r i i n - ([I-) Ilrll. f. of t u r - ; survives US 'to
]I 1.59, 4. roll up' (Intrans.) only(?) in NC I<lr., K7.x.
Xak. X I e r 6:z b i t i g i n turiindi: 'the man
1) t a r u n - ( d - ) Rcfl. f. of t a r u : - ; ustlally 'to rollect 1111 (/ori%ii)his o\vn scroll, and did it by
feel cinesrll restricted; to he annoyed', and himsclf' (ii!fnrodn hihi) ICnf. I1 145 (tiirilnikr,
the like. Survives only(?) in N E most dialects tiiriinme:k): X I T I ( ? ) TFf, tiiriln- 'to roll up'
t a r l n - R 111 848. UyR. V I I I ff. Civ. i g (the heavens like a scroll) 319.
a g r i j j t a y e k iygek t a r l n s a r 'if one feels D t6rne:-(?) See t e r i n - .
restricted by(?) demons (Hend.) in an ill-
ness' TT 1 207-8: X a k . X I e r r:$ta: bugtl: T r i s . DRN
t a r u n d l : (hIS. tor.ritdr:) 'the man was annoyed
(/larirn) about this affair and felt restricted' I) t e r i n q e k 'cloak, wrapper', or the like; prob.
(to&yj.nqo) Knp. II 1 4 j ( t a r u : n u r (sic), l)err. N. fr. t 6 r i n - in sense of something that
tarunma:k). trne g a t h y s round oneself. O g u z xr t e r i n q e k
nl-ray!o a thin linen garment' Kop. I 510:
C) t 6 r i n - ( d - ) liefl. f. of t6:r-. Survix-es only X I V A~II/z.( ?)(under '\\-omen's garments') nl-
( ? ) in NE Tel. R 111 1066; Khak. ( T i i r k t i -nrilhnfn 'cloak, xvrapper' tere:nqek (sic) Rif.
vrtr ff. Alan. y a r u k n u g t 6 z i ycttlzt t8rnegUli 149 (only): X w a r . X I V m e n tak: t e r i n q e -
t e g r i y b r i ~ e r i lb a r s a r 'when the origin and k i m n l y u z i i m k e K r t t u m 'and I covered my
root of the light (of the corlntr). of all the fncr with niy clo;lk' Nnhc. 415, r (said hv a
Prophets) assernbles and goes to the country wonian).
of the gods' Chuos. 5-7; t e r n e g i i l i is the D t r r g a k l t g ( ?d-) I'.N./X. fr. t l r g a k ; 'haring
reading of two AISS. and seems to he the Ger. nails, or claws'. S.i.s.ni.l. Uyg. V I I I ff. Rud.
of t6rne:- a Dcn. V. fr. t h i n ) : X a k . X I < o l \ U I1 35. 22 (nzlgllg).
o z i g e : y e m i g t e r i n d i : 'he gathered fruit
(etc.) by himself (injnraifn hi-cni?t') and for I) t h r i n s i z Hap. leg.?; Priv. N.!A. fr. t e r i n .
himself' K a s I I 146 ( t e r i n k r , t8rinme:k). IJyg. V I I I ff. Bud. (if they are reborn in the
 V. D R S -
world of the gods, they hccorne) q o g s ~ z Dis. U R S
y a l ~ n u ~t ezr i n s i z k u v r a k s l z 'without glory t a r u s 'the roof of a house'; pec. to Xak.; per-
or radiance and without (religious) com- haps a 1.-w.; Dis.s with final -s arr w r y rare
munities' Slrv. 299, 10-1. in 'Turk~sh. X a k . X I t a r u s ~oqf11'1-ho~r'the
roof of a house' Kof. I 366; a n . I1 105, 20
Tris., V. D R N - (tegie-).
VCII) t e r g e k i e n - IIap. leg.; Jlefl. J k n . \'. fr.
t e r o e k , q.v.; spelt trrgriiklen-/trrigii/</en- in (D) tirsge:k ( ? d - ) no ohvions etymolopy,
the MS. prol,. for the rcasonc statrtl under although it looks like a Dev. N.; 'clho\v, a stye
t e r g e k . X a k . X I su:v tergeklendi: irton- (in the eye)'. S.i.s.1n.l. in all language groups,
cnla'l-mri' ~ua'nmhara 'the water onzed from usually for 'elbow' hut in some NE, N C lan-
the ground and flowed incesqantlv' Knf. III guages 'knce joint' and in some for 'stye'; in
41 I (terrjekIenif:r, ter0eklenme:k). NE 'Tuv. d l s k e k ; S\Y Az., Osm. d i r s e k but
T k m . t i r s e k . X a k . X I tirsge:k ba!ra taxrac
Dis. DRR hi-ajfari'l-'ayn 'a swelling which emerges on
the eyelids': tirsge:k mndri'l-yad 'elbow'
D t u r u r See 1 t u r - . Kay. 111 424: Gag. xv ff. t i r s e k (spelt) band
wa mnf$i[-i sd'id 'the elbow joint'; in Ar.
T r i s . DRR ntirfaq, in l'e. dranc Snn. 193r. 18 (quotn.):
VU t a r n r k u : llap. leg.; con~pletcly un- K ~ p . / T k m . xlrr nl-mirfnq (Klp. y1:ka:na:k)
vocalized; ~i>orpholopicallynbccure, perhaps T k m . t i r s e k Hou. 20, I I : xv al-mirfaq (KIP.
a I.-w, X a k . X I t a r a r k u : yC:r nrd nahttrhn q a g a n a k Km. 61, I ; ~ a g a n a kTtih. 32b. 6)
Rayr mt~ltaff 'ground with sparse ve~etation' T k m . t l r s e k do.
Kaj. 1 4 8 9 .
Mon. D R S Dis. V. D R S -
?Ft e r s Adj./Adv. with a rather widc range of 1) t e r s i n - Hap. lea.; Ncfl. f. of *ters-, a V.
pejorative meanings; originally pmb. 'false', homophonous with t e r s . X a k . sr b e g a g a r
also 'hostile, adverse, awkward. unconifr)rtable', tersindi: 'the beg was angry with him'
and the like; more nr less syn. w. tCtrii with ( p d i h n 'nlayhi); and one says ha:$ t e r s i n d i :
which it is often in Hend. in Uyk. S.i.a.m.l.g., his wound, or ulcer, broke out again (nukisn)
trsually as t e r s , occasionally teris. Docrfer's after it had healed' (indirndl) Kaj. 11 240
theory in I1 840 that it is taken fr. I'e. tnrsd (tersinii:r, tersinme:k).
'Christian' (lit. '(God) fearing') is plausible;
final -rs is very unusual in Turkish. L:w. in Trjs. DRS
Mong., Pe., and other languages, see Doerfer, D t6riisiiz (t6ro:suz) Priv. N./A. fr. t8fii:;
IOC. a t . Uyg. vrrrff. Bud. t e r s k 6 r i i m n.0.a.h. Tiirkii VIII ff. Man. (if you offend)
o r i t d i m e r s e r 'if I have caused false omens toriisiiziin 'contrary to the rules' T T 11 6, 8:
to arise' U 11 76, 8-9; same phr. but t e r s Uyg. vrrr ff. Bud. bu i k i y k g i r m i tiirlug
t e t r i i T T I V 8, 75; t e r s n o m l u g 'false tiiriisilz u j a k l a r b i t i g l e r 'these twelve kind:
teachrr' TT VIII 0 . 3 ( T T V I 57 t e r s t e t r u of irregular (or unlawful) letters and writings
n o t n l u a ) ; o.o. Iliirn-fs. 1911-12 (qal-) and of T7' V I 261 ; a.o. do. 332.
t e r s t e t r i i T?' V I 56-7 (tarii:); 331 (tiirliyi:);
1/11 40, 37, and see tktru:: X a k . X I t e r s 'any-
thing diliicrllt (or awkward, pa'h)'; hence one T r i s . V. D R S -
says t e r s I:$ 'an awkward affair' Kng. I 348; PUI> tarls1a:- Ilap. leg.; there is no doubt
(after q a r s ) similarly one says (VU) t e r s t e r s that Kny. meant to spell this word with -s-, it
(unvocalized) u r d ~ :'he hit him frorn every immediately follo\vs the cross-heading -S- and
direction' (nrin kt111 cdtrib) do.: K B i d i t e r s precedes tarusla:-, but it is obviously der.
b o l u r kiir b i l i ~ m e zk i ~ i'a man without ultimately fr. t a r - , and it is likely that the -s-
acquaintances is in a very awkward position' is an error by Kaj. hiniself for -9-, since there
491; neye t e r s tiigiin e r s e 'however com- is n o known Dev. Suff. - 8 and the word is
plicated a knot is' (he unties it) 1856; (it is easy easily der. fr. a Dev. N. in -19 fr. ta:r-; the
to ask questions) t e r s i c a w l b 'what is difficult second vowel is uncertain, fatha once on the
is answering them' 1907; (food and drink) i d i Perf., unmarked elsewhere, but -1- is likeliest.
t e r s h o l u r 'are a very awkward matter' (if you X a k . X I alp r e r i g tar1sla:dl: (MS. mms1a:di:)
distrust the cook) 2826; 0.0. 1908, 2146, fnrraqa'l- hatat cnm'a'l-hnrb 'the warrior hroke
4017: (xr~r(?)Tef. "trsr 'difficulty, awk\vard- u p the (enemy's) ranks'; and one says c a g n :
ness' t e r s l i k 300): Gag. xv ff. t e r s ( I ) ma'ktis ka:zlfj t a r ~ s l a : d ~'th4 : falcon broke u p the
'inverted'; (2) snrgin 'dung' Snn. r55r. R (the flock of geese' (Kq.ducks'); also used of
second tneanirlg, which also occurs in Osm. is anyone who breaks u p something by force
presumably metaph.): K o m . x ~ 'irascible, v un- (hi-qtreutcatihi) Kaj. III 332 ( t a r ~ s l a : r ,tansla:-
friendly' t e r s CCG; Gr.: KIP. xrv t e r s al- ma:k).
-mnqltih 'inverted'; one says t o n u n t e r s keydi:
'he wore his clothes inside out' fd. 38: s v L) tarusla:- Hap. leg.; Den. V. fr. t a r u s .
tna'klir t e r s 3irh. 34h. 7: O s m . xlv, xv t e r s X a k . XI 01 evin t a m s t a : d l : itta.uada Ii'l-bayl
izine d o n - 'to retrscp one's steps'; in two saqf 'he roofed his house' Kag. 111 332
texts .TT$ III 679. ( t a r u s l a : r , tarus1a:ma:k).
 it has no connection with tog 'hodily humour' to:g (d-) 'the chest' and tllore specifically 'the
in Up@. Ci\.. 11 II z z , 23, \vhich is a I.-w. fr. upper part of the chest'. S.i.a.1i1.l.g. w. minor
Sanskrit doin. 'I'iirku V I I I ff. hlan. (he ran phonetic changes; i n SW Az., Osm. d o g , i n
away tearing off his gar~ncnts)b i r t o s b a s q a Tkm. do:g, in Yakut t u b s , Pek. 2908; i n NE
tegdi. o t r i i ozin o l t o s baslga k e m i s t i T u v . tog is 'chest' and d o g 'rising ground',
y u n t t a r t t l n t l 'and reached a pool(?). T h e n perhaps the same word; with some extended
t ~ ethrew himself in the pool and washed and meanings, e.g. 'anvil' i n some modern Ian-
cleansed himself' M 1 7 , 18-21 (in this MS. g guages. Cf. kogiiz. A I.-rv. in Pe., see Doerfer
is represcntcd by s; mistranscribed tfrsbanga): I1 965. UyR. vrrl ff. Man. tog1 01 k a r n u g
U y g . V I I I ff. Man.-t\ (in a very damaged pas- t u m e n y l l a n 'her chest is all innumerable
sage referring t o water and fish) [gal;] tog b a g snakes' M I1 r r , 21; a.0. do. 1 2 (tiiltlit-):
[gap] do. 35, 13: Bud. (that L u ~ a n t aBuddha's X a k . xr to:g (bi'l-patnma 'with front vowel')
nature is everything, earth, mountains, stones, al-qafga rua hiya ra'su'l-sadr 'the upper part of
sand, streams, river waters, all) tog bag1 the chest' Ka$.III 125; a.0. III 346 (t8:gle:-):
'pools' (brooks, waters, etc.) T T V , p. 15, xrv Muh. al-sadr d8:g Afel. 47, 13 ; ( k o g i i z ;
tiote X 23, 17. al-zaror 'the upper part of the chest' t8:g Rif.
141); a.o. r5o ( I ba:g): Gag. xv ff. tog sina
1 tu:g (d-) basically 'equal, equivalent', 'breast' San. 178r. 13 (quotns.): X w a r . xrv
hence 'opposite to, facing'; survives with these tog 'breast' Qrtth 184 (in the quotn., however,
and some extended meanings in N E most t a g k e l d i is an error for t u g keldi): Korn.
dialects t u g l t u s R I11 1499. 1508; I<hak. US; xrv 'chest' tog C C I ; Gr.: K t p . X I I I nl-fadr
I'uv. d u g ; N C Klr. t u g ; Kzx. t u s ; N W Ick., dB:g (mis-spelt d h ; ? a T k m . form) Ihu. 20,
Nng. t u s ; SW Osm. d u g (sic ?); Tkm. du:g; 19: xrv tog 01-~adrId. 39: xv zawr t8g Tlth.
C u r . tel. I n the early period mainly i n the 17b. 13: O s m . xrv ff, d b g 'chest' in several
phr. 69 t u g 'comrade'. T u r k u v r r ~ff. Man. texts T T S I 225 ; I1 321 ; I V 243.
Cli~mr.1 9 7 ( a d a g ) : U y g . vrrr Su. S r ( a r k a r ) :
vlrr ff. Bud. tiiziin h i a y t r l b u r x a n l g t u g 1 tiig apart froin one doubtful occurrence in
b o l a l l m 'may we rneet the good Maitreya Xwar., pec. to Uyg.; the hasic meaning is not
Uuddha' Pfahl. 8 , 10; similar phr. T T 111, clear, proh. (physical) 'fruit', but it is more
p. 28, note 71, 3 ; 6~ t u ? T T VII 40, 83-5, etc. often uscd for (tnetaph.) 'fruit', that is 'the con-
( k g ) ; 0.0. T T V 24, 72 ( a d r u k ) ; V I 307-8 sequence' of some act, o r if it has been a good
(1 t e g ) ; U 111 6, 1-2 (iii) ( 7 ; ala:$u:): Civ. act, 'the reward' for it. I n this sense it is syn.
7'1'1 48 ( k g ) : Xak. xr tu:$ nl-krd"an equal'; w. utll:, q.v, I t seems certain that it is this
hence one says a n l g t u : g ~ : 'his equal'; tu:V word and not another possible transcription
q~rhrilofri'l-~ay' 'what is opposite something'; (6iii; s/$!z) which occurs in the phr. t u g e t a z i
hence one says e v i m tu:g1: 'opposite m y translat~ngSanskrit sambhngnklij~athe second
house' &7g. III 1 2 s ; a.0. III 355 (1 teg): KB of the Buddha's three 'bodies', for the other
t u g is very common, usually in the phr. 49 two see b e l g i i r t m e : and no:m. U y g . vrrr ff.
tug 500, etc. (kg) o r parallel to and often Man. (under thc influence of the wind shrubs
rllynlir~gwith 4g 884, 910; by itself for 'com- and trees grow, and put out branches and
panion, equal' 336, 4889; 0.0. 7 and 4181 buds and) evin tug b&r[iir] 'yield seed end
( I terJ): I I I ( ? )At. (if an elephant was loaded fruit' Witrti. I 1 ;(the three nlen in their present
with gold) a n l g tug1 b o l g a y b u s i i z n i i r ~n z l existence) a y r g tUgke t e g m i g (spelt trknlig)
'a fc\v of these words would be equnl to it (in 'attained evil consequer~ccs'(because of their
value)' 488; a.0. 24 ( I t e g ) ; Tpf. t e g t u g zy8 previous misdeeds) 1'T I f 16, zy-30; [gap]
(1 reg), 316: G a g . sv fT. t u g drt$ geldi ((sc); k t l t n c tiigin u k ~ t t l g l z'you have explained
t u g alga$ hig gelecek (quotn.); t u g also fnraf the consequences of . . . acts' T T III I I ;
'dircction' (quotn.) Vel. 212; t u (~I ) mtrqcirin k l l m l g e c l g t i g u z n i i ~ttiglnte 'as a reward
'near' (quotn.); ( 2 ) salnt wa {nraf 'direction' for your good deeds' do. 103; 01 b u y a n l g l z
(quotn.) Son. 178r. 14: X w a r . xlv t e g tug tiiginte 'as a reward for your merit' do. 105;
'equal'; t u g 'comrade' Q ~ r b 187; k i n d i k a.0. do. 169 (1 6 g - ) : Bud. Sanskrit phalnm
t u g l n d a 'level with the (Prophet's) navel' karmdnrim 'the fruit (i.e. consequence) of acts'
Nahc. 104, 1 2 ; a.0. do. 320, 7: O s m . xrv ff. k l l l n c tiigii TT VIII F.6; !rJmanyaphalain
d u g , sotnetimes spelt t u g , c.i.a.p. esp. in the 'the fruits of asceticism' t o y l n tUgi do. G.48;
phr. t u g 01- 'to meet' T T S 1245-7, 706; I1 t u g y & m i g a g l t g l a r 'fruit eaters' U I1 61, 7 ;
747-8; 111 228-9,688; IV 763-4 (the indexing (you have long burnt in hell) a n t g tligin 'as
/s confuced by the recent sound change d u g > a consequence of that' U 111 31, 6 ; 0.0. do. 8y,
dii?). 12-15; 90, 19; (faith is the first cause) lizelenii
2 tu:g 'hucklc'. N.o.a.h.. but cf. tu$a:- tiigke C l t m e k n i g 'leading to the highest
ivhich tives the vo\vel. Cf. 2 toku:. X a k . XI rewards' 7'T V zo, 3 ; 0.0. 1J I 27, 15 etc.
tu:g (hi'/-6h,i', 'with hack vowel') 'a belt (utll:); S~rr!. 475, 10-1 I - ( n m t r t g u r - ) ; Strv.
hucklc (ihzintri'l-niinfoqa) nmde of gold o r 38, 14 ff. is a long passape on the Duddha's
~ i l \ ~ which
er is fastened to the ends of straps' snmhlrognk@w tiig e t o z i : C i r . b u s 6 g U t n u g
(01-rrrv~ir)K a f . I11 125: K B (there is gold in tug1 'the fruit of this tree' T?' VII 28. 14; (if
the hoqom of the bro\vri earth: if it is ex- n man a tree) 01 sOgUtte yet1 t o r l i l g
tracted) h r g l e r bnglncla t u g 01 'it becomes a t u g y e m l g 'there are seven kinds of fruit on that
t>uckle on h ~ a s '213 ( b a g t n d a pmb. here not tree' do. 42; in USp. tiig sometimes means
specitically 'oil the heads'). 'a cr(tp' e.g. 28, 6 (Uleg-); t ~ u is t generally used,
1) tog- (d-) Hecip. f. of to:-; 'to fill' and the reputation' T T I 170-1; 0.0. T T V I I 27,
like. Survives only(?) in S E 'I'ar. tog- 'to he 16 ( u m a : y ) ; II I 116: X n k . xi e r a t t i n
full; to come to an end' (i.e. to completion) tugdi: 'the man dismounted (nnznla) from the
R I11 1218; 'l'tirki to$- (of t h r hour of death) horse'; and one says e r t a : m t l ~ n tiigtll: 'the
'to arrive'mrring 3 1 2 (not, as there suggested, man fell (cnqnta) off a wnll', alsn off a horse or
a Scc. f. of tag-). Uyg. v ~ i rH. I h d . [ b u y a n - anything else that one falls oli' Kop. I I 13
11g] b l l g e billglig yivig t o l g u t o $ g u k a 'to (tuge:r, tii$me:k); over a dozvn o.o. mostly
till u p and co~npletethe equipment of merit translated rcnqo'a 'to fall': KB tugti(ctc.) 'dis-
arid wisdom' Tl' V, p. 3 j , fotltnotc I , 1. 2 ; the mounted' 489 ( b u g a o - ) , 520, 586, etc.; Iglg
\rord is also included, without references, in tiigse 'if a task falls to you' 586; (anything that
the vocabulary in U I gc) as tran-lating the leans over) t u r u m a z tiiger 'cannnt stand but
Clii~resrphr. clr'tr~rgntair 'to fill' (L'iler z,c)z+ falls down' 807: x ~ i r ( ? )At. b u a j u n r i b s f 01
7,622). t i i ~ u p kijqguluk, r1bRfkn tiigiigli tiiger
k e q g u l i i k 'this world is an inn where one
tug- (du:g-) 'to meet' and the like; seman- stops and niust niove o n ; whoever stops at an
tically connected as a homophon~c V. w . 1 inn stops and must then pass 011' 177-8; Tef.
tu:g. Survives only(?) in S W 'I'km. du:$-, tiig- 'to stop, settle, fall (lit. and nietaph.)',
same meaning. Uyg. vrrr ff. Dud. (when I was etc. 320: X I V Mrth. rcnqo'a d u g - Mpl. 32, 5 ;
travelling in India) t u g d u m s i z i g q o g l u g Rif. 116: G a g . sv ff. tu$- (-ti, etc.) diif-, and
y a l ~ n l r g e r i g i g i z k e b e r t ~ r g t z k a 'I en- 'to dismount' (Pn-) from a horse, and 'to fall
countered (?hecame aware of) your brilliant down' (diif-) fro111 n high place, and 'to alight
(Fiend.) activities (I-Ie~id.)'Niirn-1s. 2078-9; at a stoppina place' (hir tnenzilrle ko11-) Vel.
0.0. I'P 17, 1-3 ( u d ~ k ) [IS/,. ; 43, 4-5: Civ. (if 211 (quotn.); tug- (ha-iyhri' 'with -ii-') frrrrid
a rnan cuts his nails on a Hen Day) e d g i i dnrodon 'to alight', and rrftddnn 'to fall'; and
ki[gikej t u v a r ' h e meets a good man' T T V I I \vhm it is used to make a Compound (nrtrrok-
32, 14-15: X a k . xi 01 mags: t u g d ~ :loqiyani knh) \'. with another V , it tneans pori/(ixtnn ' t o
rcrt ro'dni 'he met, sa\v me' Kay. II 12 ( t u g a x ,
complete', e . g . a t a tug- tir-nndcizi pnrdGxtatr
t u $ m a : k ) ; a.0. 1 2 6 , 15: KB s e v i n q k e t u g u p
'to finish shooting' Son, 176r. 25 (quotns.):
'meeting (i.e. experiencing) pleasure' 95 ; y o r l p
u t r u h 3 c i b o k ~ dt u~g u p 'the Chamberlain
went to meet him and invited him in' 576; 0.0.
X w a r . s i r 1 diiy- 'to full' 'Ali 27; 'to happen'
do, 3 5 : s r r ~ ( ? ) kiiktln b i r k o k y a r u k
tiigdi ( ? d - ) 'a bluc light fell from heaven'
.
521, 2267, 2336, 2340 (arta:k), 5955, 5963: Og. 51-2; u l u g oliig b a r g u tiigdi 'large
) t u $ m a k 'meeting' 316): Xwar.
( ~ I I I ( ?7bf. quantities of booty fell to the lot ofS(ttieartny,
x ~ tug-
v (with Dot.) 'to meet, go to' Qutb 187: etc.) 272; y u r t t k a iiyke tiigti k k t t i 'he
Kip. xrv t u q - Zdro 'to visit' fd. 63. \vent back to his cncatnpliietit (tlend.)' do.
tug- ( d - ) has a general connotation of move- 309: X I V tug- 'to fall, to stay for tire night', etc.
tnent do\v~in.ards both voluntary, 'to settle Qrrtb 191 ; i\lN 43, etc.; Nahc. 104, 10 (2 o k ) ;
(some\vhere); to dismount; t o retire, withdraw 320, 3 ; 41.5, I : K o m . x ~ v'to fall' tiig- C C I ,
(to soniewhere)', and involuntarily 'to fall CCG; Gr. 260 (quotns.): K~p./?'km. ~ I I I
(crH something)'. S.i.a.111.l.g. xvitli minor nnznln tu$- (also eft-) lioir. 33, 16; mnqo'o
phonetic changcs, and sorne cstensions of trrino'l-rcrrqri' tii$- do. 43, 3: xrv tiiq- hotli
,.
meaning; diig- in N E 'I'uv.; S W Az., Osm.,
Ikni. An early I.-us. in Iiungarian as &I-.
r t ~ o p ' o and rtozoln; nlso pronounced diig-
i d . 30; d u g - rvoqn'n do. 48; Imbnfa 'to descend,
T u r k u vrrr 01 n t antn: tug[di:] 'that horse fell collapse', and rmqn'n d u g - 11111. Mr.: x v tug-
there' I N 4 ; (the eneniy) ogiizke: tiigdi: 'fell ttnroln Kav. 12, 1 2 ; 74, 9 ; 71th. 3 7 a I ; 6021.
into the river' T 1 6 ; b e n evgerii: tugeyi:n 6 ; 69a. 4 : O s m . xrv ff. d u g - 'to happen; to be
'I am going home (to stay there)' T. 30: overthrown; to fall on (i.e. attack, somcone);
vrlr ff. I r k B 46 (2 t i t l g ) ; 6 4 (togra:k): Uyg. to fall t o the lot of', etc.; c.i.n.p. T'I'S I 2 4 6 ; II
vrlr tiig- occurs nearly 10 times, usually i n 348; I11 228; I V 264.
darnaged passages; in the clear cases, esp. in
the phr. yana: tiig-, it seetiis to mean 'to
withdraw with the intention of settling down',
e.g. [gap] evi:me: eki:nti: a y altl: yag1:ka: tigi: ( ? d1$1:) 'female'. T h e original vowels
t u g d i m 'on the sixth day of the second month are uncertain; the Dai. f, t ~ g ~ : k aoccurs
: once
1 went to my home (to settle down)' $11. W 4: in Kaq., and judging by the analogy of ~ tt ,~ l ,
vrrr ff. R1an.-A hl I 9 , 13-14 (topu:); a.0. do. tl:g, etc. this was prob. the original vocalization,
20, 3 ; [gap] ykrgerii: t i i g m i g l e r e r t i 'had but elsewhere the vo\vels are either unknown
fallen [froni heaven?] down t o earth' M I1 7, or -1- ... -i. Sun-ives i n hTEmost dialects
tiziltiji; T u v . d i j i ; SE Tiirki tigi (Shoru,
18; (the leaves) yercle t u g t i 'fell on the ground'
J!on.-tt<v. Frog. 400.7: Man. t i i n e r i g t a m u k a J n r r i n ~ ) /$igi ( B S ) ; S W Az., Osm. digi. I n
tiigtneki b a r 'they descend into dark hell' NC, S C , NIV, and SW'l'kni. 'feninle' is u r g n q ~
it1 II 11, 9: Chr. U I 8 , 16-17 (tlipii:): Byd. o r the like. Uyg. V I I I ff. Man.-A tigi t a k t -
y a z u k k a t u g e t e g i n m e g e y e r t i m i z we g u f a r 'hens' A 1 1 3 6 , 9 (and e r k e k t a k ~ g u l a r
shall not have ventured to fall into sin' PP 'cocks' do. lo): Dud. ti$l y e k l e r 'female
8 , r ; 0.0. do. 61, 7 ( k n m l l - ) ; U I1 4, 8 ; demons' Ktmrr. 23; tl$i t l n l t g 'female crea-
I!I 33, I - & (htig); T T S 311, 3 5 8 ; T M IV ture' do. 73-4 ( U 1.1 15. 3); Sanskrit hortinikri-
253, 5 s rtc.: C k . a l k a m a k k n tiiggelir blr~drn 'of the two fcn~alc elephontn' tigi
s e n '@,u are on the polnt of :icquiring a high ya:gn:rgap] 7'7' V I I I C . 5 ; 0.0. T T X 249.
 etc.: Civ. tigi occavionally occurs as a N. c.g. -tdhtin) and it is only the teeth ofthe mill-stone
e r tigi ikigiike y o m g t edgti 'all is well with that are sharpened; and one says 01 orga:k
the man and woman' 7'7' VI1 29, 18-19; tige:di: 'he sharpened the teeth of the sickle'
k a y u tiglnlr~k a g u k ~t u t u n s a r 'if a woman Kaf. 111266 (ti$e:r, tige:me:k): O s m . xvr ff.
suffers frorn strnngury' I I 1 3 7 ; hut more often dige- 'to r o u ~ h e n(a mill-stone)'; in several
as an Adj. e . ~ ti$i
. klgi 'a female' If I zr, 1 2 1 texts T7.S I 212; I1 307; I11 zoo; I V 231.
a.o.r).: Xak. X I tag]: 'the fernale (01-trnjd) of
anything' Ka$. I I I 224; e r k e k ttgl: 'the male D tuga:- ( ? d - ) Den. V. fr. 2 t u : ~ ;'to hobble
and female' I 529, 8 ; 1116, 2 (mis-spelt erlik); (a hone, etc.)'. S.i.rn.rn.l.g.; NE Tuv. d u j a - ;
178, 16: 0.0. I 396 ( t o r u m ) ; 11 102 (t1gl:ka:; S W Tkm. duva-. Xak. xi KB (good luck is
kavug-): K13 (questioninp 1s male and) like a stag and avoids men) kall kelse bekle
cawiibi tigi 01 'answering is female' 979; tuqa h a m tizig 'if it comes to you, make it
tigike (sic) b i r e r k e k bolur k o r e r i 'a male fast and hobble its knees' 712: Klp. xrv tuga-
becomes a female's husband' 980; 0.0. 1303- qayyada 'to hobble (an animal)' fd. 63.
1304,4132: XIII(?) At. biliglig t i ~eir cSh11e r (D) toge:- (d-) 'to spread out (a mattress, etc.)'
tigi 'a wise woman is (as good as) a man, a and the like. S.i.a.m.1.g.; NE Tuv. dale-;
foolish man (no better than) a woman' 88; (a' SW Az., Osm., Tkm, doge-. Uyg. V I I I ff.
man dies) tigisi kallp b i r a d l n e r bile 'his Bud. [gap] togeklerin toqep 'making their
wife remains with another husband' 275; Tef. beds' U I11 35, 15-16; bl blqgu iize tBgemig
tigi 'female, woman' 303: X I V hftrh. ('male' yerlerde 'in places mattressed with sharp
e r k e k ) nl-lrnln' dlgi: Me!. 45, 4 ; di:$i: 54, I I ; knives (Elend.)' TM I V 253, 41-2: Xak. X I
Rif. 151 ; ti:gi: do. 138: (;a& xv ff. tigi diji {ol) toqe:k t6ge:di: fara~a'l-firif 'he spread
mrr'ar~nafma'ndsina 'female' ~JI,!.179 (quotn.); out a mattress' Kai. III 266 (no Aor. or Infin.;
tigi mrInn wa unld ditto Sun. r95r. 17: X w a r . appended to tii$e:-): xrlr(?) Tef. t6ye- 'to
xlv tigi ditto Qtrtb 180: Kom. X I V 'female' spread out, to cover (e.g. ground with tiles)',
(animal) ti91 C C I ; Gr. 246 (quotns.): KID. 310: xrv Aftih. f a r a ~ ato:ge:- Mel. 30, I ; Rif.
xrlr 01-atdrt 'female ass' ti:$i: egek 11011. 12, 113; 01-farj do:gemek 36, 14; 122: Gag.
I 5 ; 0.0, I 5 , I ('ewe'); I 5 , 8 ('nanny goat'); al- xv ff. toge- (spelt) gustordot1 'to spread to'
-11njd 'woman' tigi: 24, 17: xlv tigi: a[-frn!A Sun. 177r 22 (quotns.): X w a r . xrrt dbge-
fd. 39: xv al-ttn!ri rnin kttlli'l-Izaynudndt 'female ditto 'Ali 55: xlv t8ge- ditto Qulh 184: Klp.
of any animal' tigi: Knv. 61, 21; nnqo 'female xrrl faraja toge:- Hou. 34, 7: X I V tcige- basafa
camel' tigi tewe Ttth. 36h. I : Osm. xv ff. 'to spread out' Id. 39; faraga toge- Brrl. 69r.:
digi 'woman'; in several texts TTS 11 308; xv ditto Kaw. 9, 11; 74. 3; Tuh. 28a. 13; a.0.
111200; I v 231-2. 84,. 6: O s m . xrvff. doge- 'to spread out'
? D tugu: Hap. leg.; the language is obscure w ~ t hsome extended meanings TTS 1225; I11
but seems to ~ o i n to t an original form turqu:, 209 ; I v 243.
if so a ~ e c u l i a rImperat. of turug-. Xak. in tuge:- (d-) Den. V. fr. 2 tii:g; 'to dream'.
telling a donkey to stop (fi iqdf) one says Survives in NE ('Tuv. duje-); elsewhere re-
tugu: tugu:; a ni' comes (yadxrrl) between the placed hy phr. like tii$ kar-. UyR: ~ 1 1 ff. 1
Id' and pin hut cannot be written in any ex- Ijud. n ~ u n t a gt u l tiigeyiik m e n I have
pression (fi 'ihdmti(tr) mn')Ku$. 111224. dreamed the following dream' U I1 24, 27
(111 54, 15); yavuz tul tiigeser 'if you have
Dis. V. DSA- a bad dream' T T VII 40, 38; a.0. Suv. 593.
tagu:- (?d-) 'to carry, transport (something 23: Xak. XI 01 tU:g tUge:di: 'he dreamt' (ra'd
Acc., to somewhere Dat.)'. S.i.a.m.l.g., rzt'yd); also 'he had a nocturnal emission'
usually as tagl-; NE Tuv. dajl-; SW Az. (ihtalama) Kaf. I11 266 (tiige:r, tilge:me:k).
dagl-; Osm. t a p ; Tkm. daga;. Xak. XI
01 evke: yarma:k ta$u:dl: he carried Dis. D$D
(naqala) the dirhams (etc.) to the house' Kaj. D tagtrn Den. Adj./hdv. fr. 1 tag; 'outside;
111 2q6 (tagu:r, tagu:ma:k): Gag. xvff. situated outside'; hornophonic w. the Abl. of
tag'- to transport (naql kardan) from one 1 tag but not to be confused with it. For
place to another' Sun. 155V. 20 (quotns.): occurrences see 1 tag.
X w a r . x ~ vtagl- ditto Qutb 173: K o m . xlv
'to carry away' tagt- C C G ; Gr.: Klp. XIV Dis. V. D$D-
ta$i- naqala Id. 63 : xv lmwtuala 'to transfer, D 1 taglt- Hap. leg.?; Caus. f. of tag-. Xak.
convey' tagI- Tz~h.13b. 12. XI b u o:t ol egiq tagrtga:n 'this fire con-
D tige:- (d-) Den. V. fr. ti$ (dl:$); s.i.a.m.l.g.; stantly makes the pot boil over' (mllfamcira
in NE, NC, NW generally for 'to lose the Ii'l-qidr) Kay. I 514; n.m.e.
niilk-teeth', in SE, SC, SW with the same S 2 tagit- See tagut-.
meaning as Kag.; NE Tuv. d u e - . S W Osm.
dige-; Tkm. di:ge-. Cf. tigek: Xak. X I D tagut- Caus. f. of tagu:-; s.i.s.m.l. usually
Col? tegirme:n tige:di: ?raddoda asndna'l- as taglt-. This sound change must hare
-mhd 'he sharpened the teethof the mill-stone', occurred rather early as the word is vocalized
in this phrase the Object is ahhreviated and the tagut- only once in the MS. of Kay.; else-
Predicate is not strictly apposite to it, since where the $in is either unvocalized or carries
tegirme:n is a generic term for 'mill' (nl- a knrra. Kag. XI (ol? t a r l g tasutt1: 'he had
 TRIS.
and father'; also for brinpina about a meeting D tigek (d-) Dev. N. fr. the:- in the sense of
between two sons (ibnnyn); the original form 'to lose the milk-teeth'; 'a two-year-old sheep'.
was t u g u r d u m Kaj. I1 178 (tuggururmen, As such Hap. leg.; but survives as tisege in
tuggurrna:k). Yakut (hek. 2686) and glgek and the like in
several NC, NW, SW languages, see Shchcr-
Tris. D $ e bak, p. I I 5 ; a First Period 1.-w, in Mong. hs
lilegii (Hamisch 140). Xak. XI tigek al-tan;
D tuqa:gu: (!'.d-) Hap. leg.; Dev. N. fr.
tuga:. Xak. X I ohe says a t tuga:gu: bold^: mina'l-tanam 'a two-year-old sheep' Kay. I
'the time has come to put a hobble (cuap'i'l-
387: XIV Muh, ol-cado' ditto gi:gek Mel. 70,
14; si:ge:k (ric) Rif. 172: Xwar. rrv gigek
-~ikal)on the hope (etc.)' Kas. 1446. ditto Qutb 166; a.0. 27 (bak1a:n): Klp. XIII
D tagaklrg ( ?d P.N./A, fr. tagak; s.i.s.m.1. (under 'sheep') ibn ronotoyn 'two-year old'
Xak. X I tagakl?2 e r 'a man with testicles' gf:gek Hou. 25, 2 : xrv gigek 01-!mi mina'l-
(nttfyn) Kay. 1497. -ganam Id. 55; Bul. 7, I I : xv ?tatali'l-mo'ar
'a one-year old goat' pigek Tuh. 23a. z.
D t u g a g l ~ g(7d-) Hap. leg. ?; P.N.1.4. fr.
tuga:g. Xak. XI K B tugaglig y r r a m a z D t6ge:k (d-) Conc. N. fr. We:-; 'mattress,
tilekce b a r l r 'a hobbled (horse) does not go bedding', and the like. S.i.m.m.1. as t6ge:-;
far away, it goes where you wish' 316. I.-w. in Pe. and other languages, see Dowfer
11 967. Uyg. vrlr ff. Bud. U I11 35, 15-16
D taggaru: (d-) Directivc Adv. fr. 1 taq; (t6ge:-); Suv. 513, 13 (talet): Civ. USp. 79
'outwards' and the like. S.i.s.m.1. w. some is a list of various kinds of t8gek: Xak. XI
phonetic changes; NE Tuv. dagka:r; SW tBgek at-firat 'mattress' Kaf. I 387; I11 266
Ostn. dlgarl; Tkm. d a g a n . Tiirkti vlrr ff. (toge:-), and about a dozen 0.0.. usually spelt
Mnn. t a s g a r u (sic) kemlsti 'he threw them t6ge:k: KB 1056 (dl:-): xlrr(?) Tef. tt6$ek
out' M 17,6-7: Uyg. vrrr ff. Bud. t ~ n l l g l a r l g 'mattress, bed' 310: xrv Muh. al-firdy d6:gek
taggaru tinttirdl 'it raised mortals out of (the Mel. 67, 13; to:ge:k Rif. 167; Gag. xvff.
blue mud of savslira)' TT V 26, 85; 0.0. PP tBgek a Dev. N. (hdzif-i nra,rdnr) fr. toge:-
I , I (atlandur-); U I11 43, 25: T T V I I 41, meaning gtrsiardan 'spreading out', and also
23; VIII 1.3 (ta:gga:ru:): (Xak.) xrrr(?) Tef. a Conc. N. for 'carpet, mattress' (his@ ulo
tagkaru 'out of (somewhere Abl.)' 290: Gag. nahdli) which they spread out for sleep or rest
[arra Vel. 170; t a g k a r ~qlihir wa Son, 178v. I :Xwar. xrv tiigek 'bed, bedding'
xv ff. t a g k a r ~
hirun 'outside, exterior'; in R~imit a g r a Son. Qutb 185: Kom. xrv 'mattress, bed' t6gek
157r 10; a.0. do. 5: Xwar. XIII(?)t a g g a r u n CCI, C C G ; Gr. 251 (quotns.): KIP. X I I I al-
(or ? d-) k a l m a s u n 'let them not remain out- -tarrdho 'mattress' tiigek Hou. 17, I :x ~ tagek v
side (the realm)' Of. 294: qaggarun (sic) ('with -6-) al-birnf, but in the Kitab BeyliR
k a l m a s u n do. 310: xrv t ~ g k a r u(+)'out- tBgek is al-larrdk ma'l-firli? and of-birdi is
i ' (wards)' Qutb 194: K o ~ .X I V outside' kili:m Id. 39: xv a/-fir@ tngek Kav. 64, 5;
tagkarl C C I ; Gr. : KIP. xrv (after 1 taq), and tarr$za t6gek Tuh. 23b. 6; 84a. 6.
one says tagkare: ~ l axruc k barra(n) 'get
out !' fd. 63: xv tagkara barro(n) Tuh. 7 3 b 12; D tiigiik (d-) Intrans. Dev. N./A. fr. tiig-;
(some Turks elide -k- in some words, for s.i.m.m.1. with a rather wide range of rnean-
example) for tagkart they say tagarl do. ings, mostly pejorative, 'fallen, dropping; (un-
Rja. 8. pleasant) event; abortion; loss at gaming'
etc.; SW Az., Osm., Tkm. dUgLik. Xak. XI 'a
Dls. D!$G worthless, idle fellow' (ol-sdqifu'l-kos&in) is
called tUgtik kigi Kaj. 1387: K B (he reached
U tegiik (d-) Pass. Dev. N./A. fr. teg-; lit.
'pierced'. S.i.m.m.l. usually as teglk for 'hole, his house and entered it) k6gli tilgiik 'feeling
cavity, opening', and the like; Kaj.'s meanings downcast' I 563 ; a.0. 6226: (Fag. xv ff. tir$uk
do not seem to survive; NE Tuv, dejlk; SW is a Sec. f. of tegiik, q.v.): O s m . xvr ff.
dtigtik 'abortion'; in one or two texts T T S I
Az., Osm., Tkm. degik; I.-w. in Pe., Doerfer
11 1002. Uyg. V I I I ff. Civ. PU tegik is in- 248; I1 349.
cluded in a list of taxes in U S p 88, 44 (cf. D tiiggtin (d-) Intrans. Dev. N./A. f. tug-;
tUtUn) but the exact meaning is unknown: s.i.m.m.1. meaning 'fallen, broken down, de-
Xak. X I tegtik al-cider 'ruptured' (in a medical cayed, prone to (something)', and the like;
sense; prov.): tegiik (vocalized feyih, but see SW Az., Osm. diigkun. 'I'here is no other
tegUk1e:-) a!-mnnhtSm 'a slutton', that is a trace of the metaph. meaning in Xak., but cf.
man who fills his stomach, but does not tiigiirgii:n. Xak. XI tuggun yacaru'l-kofirz'
satisfy his eyes (i.e. hc thinks he still has a dc jowk 'the thorny trapacanth tree' Kay. I
cavity in his stomach) Kay. I3R7: Cap,. xv ff. 443: Gag. xv ff. tiiggUn mafltiq wa r~ftdda
tkquk delik 'hole' Vpl. 188 (quotns.); t&Uk 'wretched, fallen' Son. 178v. 7.
s~irdx'hole'Son. 195r. 15 (quotn.); VU tiigdk
described in Son. a s a corruption of tigUk is T r i s . DSG
listed with.quotns. in Vel. 21 I ; San. 17Rv. I I :
Xwar. X I V tegtik 'a hole' (in the ground) D ti3gekqi: (d-) N.Ag. fr. t6ge:k; n.0.a.b.
Nahc. 21, 4 : Kom. X I V 'hole' tegik C C I ; Xak. X I KB (in lists of domestic servants)
Gr.: KIP. xv h ~ r x l 'hole' (tellk end) tegik tl)sek$i 'bed-maker' 2557 (idigd:), 4148: n v
Tuh:-/a. 12. Muh. (in a list of craftsmen) 01-fond$ 'mattress
the whezt (etc.) transported (anqnln) from ykti: yegirmi: e r e n tngrkmrg 'my father
one place tn another' Kay. I1 307 (tagutu:r, the xaga?~and seventeen tnen ucnt out' (i.e.
tagutma:k); tava:r yulug taSuttum (sic) ? renounced their allegiance to Chinn) I E I 1,
'I ordered him to carry away (bi-naql) the ran- II E 1 0 ; yaz1:ga: Oguzgaru: sit t a g ~ k d ~ m r z
som money' I 2x0, 22; a.0. I 5 1 4 , 17. 'in the spring we and the army set out towards
the Oguz' I N 8 ; 0.0. II E 32 (ilk); T 30, 33:
D t l ~ e t -(d-) Hap, leg. (I); Caus. f. of tige:-. vrlr f f . Man. h l I 7, 11 (tu:l): Uyg. V I I I (he
Xak. X I 01 orga:k tigetti: 'he ordered that the sent a message saying) s i z tn$lklg q i k i g
teeth of the sickle should be sharpened' (bi- taggar10
-tahdid); also used for the teeth of a m~ll-stone bring out the Cik .
... m e n ta91kay~:n 'set out and
.. I will set out myself'
Kay. I1 307 (ti$e:tiir (sic), tigetme:k). $11. E lo; 0.0. E 5; S 8 (?):vrlr ff. Man. M I I
D toqet- (d-) Caus. f. of t6ge:-; 'to have'(a 11, 20; 0.0. do. 14; M 111 29, 13 (i): Bud. U
II 76, 3 (tavlgstz): Yagma:, Tuxsr:, Klp.,
mattress, etc.) spread out'. S.i.s.m.l. Xak. XI Yaba:ku:, some T k m , XI e r evdln t a g ~ k t ~ :
01 t6ge:k tosetti: 'he had the mattress spread
out' (afmsa) Kaj. I1 307 (t6ge:tilr (sic), 'the man went out of the house'; most of the
t6getme:k): Xwar. xlv tUget- ditto Qutb Turks say ~ r k t ltaglktl: Kat. 11 116 (tagl-
ka:r, tag1kma:k; the td' is everywhere
185. vocalized with knsra as well as fatha): (Gag.
T r i s . D$D xv ff. taglk- (spelt) klijlo toa xasto ala mdnda
D taptlrtl: (d-) Adv. of place. fr. 1 tag; judan dar mihnnfi run fiddat 'to be injured,
'outside'. N.0.a.b. Tiirku V I I I f f . Man. M wounded, abandoned in distress and sfflic-
I11 19, 12 (ii) (belgurt-). tion' San. 156r. 26 (fully conjugated but
without quotns.) can hardly belong here; it
T r i s . V. D$D- might be a similar Ilcn. V. fr. 2 ta:g ('to be
stoned') not noted elsewhere.)
D tiigiltlenil- (d-) IIap. leg.; Pass. Hefl.
Den. V. fr. tiifjilt Active Dev. N. fr. tiifj-. D tuglk- lisp. leg.; Intmns. Den. V. fr.
This N. seems to survive only in S W Osm. 2 tu:g. Xak. XI K B (;f my Lord asks me
d i i ~ u 'an
t abortion', common fr. XVI onwards, 'what have you d o n e ? , what excuse have
see TTS. As the basis of this V. which seems I ? ) uvutka tugtktlm 'I am hobbled with
to mean 'to adapt oneself, be adapted (to shame(?)' 6544.
something)' it must mean something like
'falling into plsce'. Uyg. VIII ff. Bud. T T VIII D taggar- (d-?) Trans. Den. V. fr. 1 taq, 'to
D . I I (Byin). bring, or send, out'. N.o.8.b. Uye. vllr $u.
Dis.I)$c E 10 (taglk-): vnr f f . Man. 7.7' III 68
(1 a:]): Bud. klzlg t a g g a r m ~ gklinde 'on the
D tagak (d-) Dim. f. fr. 2 ta:g; lit. 'little day when you gi\-e ynur daughter in marriage'
stnnc', in practice 'testicle'. S.i.s.m.l., but the T'I' VI 343: Civ. k ~ zt a g g a r s a r T T VII
kind of word not widely listed in dicts. Xak.
sr tagnk o/-.n~g.n 'testicle'; and 'the penis'
(01-dakar) i s also called tegak because the two L) tngpur- Ilichontivr f. of tag-; prob. a
arc close together Kai. 1 380; 0.0. I 438, 14; scribal error for t a g g l r - ; the second occur-
I11 267, ly (the same prov.): xrv Mtrh. al- rence is nn rxnnlple of the Inchnatixe for111
-boyd 'testrcles' te:$a:k Mel. 48, 3; tagak Rif. follow in^ tnmylr-, q.v. I'rc. to Knj. Xak. xr
I.+;:' K o m . xlv 'testicle' tngnk C C I ; Gr.: eglq t a g g u r d ~ : Ird(iali'/-rlirlr orr f ~ t j ~ irm r
KIP. stir a/-ntrjiy~in ditto taga:k Hotr. 21, 4: taxruc minltd'l-md' 'the pot was on the point
xrv tagak ditto td. 63: xv ditto Kau. 61, 6 ; of boiling and the water of coming out of it'
7ith. qb. 2. Knf. II 178 (taqgura:r, ta$gurma:k); same
phr. II 201, 4.
L) tagu:c Ilap. leg.?; N. Ac. fr. tagu:-. Xak.
X I tasu:k 'the transportation' (nuqla) of mer- D toggur- (d-) Caus. f. of tog-; 'to fill'.
chandise and other things Kap. 1 4 1 1 . Survives in SE 'I'ijrki togkar-; cf. toltur-.
Xak. X I ol evin tava:r blrle: togkurdt: 'he
1) tuga:g (?d-) Dev. N. (Conc. N.) fr. tu$a:-; filled (mala'a) his house with propertv'; also
'a hobblc' for a horse. S.i.s.m.l.; cf. buka:gu: used for filling a jar with water, etc. Kn& 11
which, though not originally syn. w. this word 178 (toggurur, toggurma:k).
has displaced it in some modern languages, '
and kt$e:n. Xak. XI tuga:g gihdl yadayi'l- I) tuggur- (d-) Caus, f. of lug-; 'to cause to
-faras 'a hobble on a hoce's legs' Kay. I qr I ; meet'. N.o.n.h. UyR. V I I I ff. Ilud. (may we V
3.0. 1 479 (ktisrug): KIP. xrv tugak (PU) receive from Maitreya Iluddha commendation
gaccaltr'l-farar ay qnydrrlrrr 'a hohble' id. 63 to the divine favour of Jluddha, hy the
(pcm means 'a wound on the head', perhaps strength of that commendatinn) yilz knlp l i ~
a scrihal error for ~ikdl):xv yikdl tugar (?error a s a n a l a l t l p a r a m l t t u g g u r u p 'cnusin~us
for tugaw; T k m . kigen; in margin tugak; to meet the six ways of salvation for a hundred
T k m . kostek in second hand) Trrh. zob. 12. aeons nnd thrce immeasurnblt lenaths of time'
Pfahl. 8, 11-12 (but t o g k u r u p filli in^' 1s a
IMs. V. DSG- possible alternative): Xak. X I m e n o g u l n ~ :
D taglk- (?d-)Jntran~.Den. V. fr. 1 fa*; 'to ata:n!ga: tuggurdrm 'I b r o u ~ h t about a
po out'. N.o.n.h. THrkii V I I I k a ~ l r nx a g a n meetinn ( ~ l r i ~ ~ a ' ~ ~ r ' l - ? n r r / dhetween
qn't) s son
 !
maker' do:gekqi: Alcl. 58, 7 ; to:$e:k$i: Rij. t u v a n - , ant1 Imth the actual appcar:Inre of the
'57. word and the vocalization, where tu$a:lur
mould hc expected, suygest that it is n correc-
L) togeklig (tl-) Hap. leg.?; P.N./A. fr. tion of tuga:riur by a later hand; but t u $ a l -
to$e:k. X a k . X I (after togcklik) and with - I s.i.s.rn.1. X a k . X I ( ? ) a r s l a n kiikrese: a t
(i.e. toveklig) its owner, that is 'owner of a ada:kr: t u $ n : I ~ r(sic.) '\vhen thc liarn roars, the
niattress' (al-jircif) h-np. I 309. l m l ) 11
horse's legs are hoht)lcd' ( ~ ~ n t n i ~ ~ h Kni.
I
D tiiveklik (d-) Hap. leg.?; A.N. (Cone. N.) 146, 26.
i
fr. t8ge:k. X a k . xr t o ~ e k l i kb a r q ~ n'brocade
(etc.) designed t o make a niattress' (a/-firif)
K a f . I soy.
D togel- (d-) Pass. f. of tBge:- ; 'to he spread
out', etc. S.i.ni.m.1.g. X s k . XI tii$ek tiiqeldi:
firri~a'l-firii? 'the mattress was spread out'
'KO$. 1I 128 (no Aor. or lnfin.): C a b xv if.
i
'Trls. V. D$G-
D tegiikle:- (d-) Ilap. leg.; Den. V. fr. tegiik. tiiqel- (-lp, etc.) d/iScrr- Ire/. zr I (quotn.);
X a k . X I o l ant: te$iikle:di: 'he reckoned that tiigel- grrstnrda ~ticlnlon'to he spread nut' Son.
he was greedy, a glutton' (aklil manhrim). K a j . 1 7 7 v I I (quotn.).
III 340 (tegiikle:r, tegiik1e:me:k). I> 1 tagla:- (d-) Den. V. fr. 1 t a g ; etymo-
D tiivgiinlen- ( d - ) IIap. Icg.; Refl. Den. logically this V. could be either Intrans. 'to go
\I. fr. tiiqgiin. X a k . X I t a : g tiiggilnlendi:
out' (a 111cnnirl~pec. to Kof.) o r 'l'r~rls.'to send
'there were nlarly gum trngncnnth trees out'. In the meaning 'to throw' tagla-
(~ncnrtr'l-kotirti')on the mountain' K n f . I1 278 (taslil-, t n s t n - ) s.i.s.m.l., I)ut it is an ope11
(tuvgiinlenu:r, tiiggiin1enme:k). question whether in this scri.;e it represents
this 1'. o r 2 tagla:- in the lit. sense of 'to
throw stones'; the two V.s secnl to be distin-
Dis. D$L &mished in Son., hut the translation in Knv.
D t i i s l u g I'.N./A. fr. 1 tiig; n.0.a.b. Uyg. clearly suggests that 2 tavi.1:- meant, in
vl1r ff. Bud. (entering the island of the jewels 'to throw'. X a k . sr e r ta$la:dl:
of Buddhahood) k u t r u l m a k tuvliig e r t l n i igtarabn'l-ractrl 'the man went abroad' Kaf.
algal1 u y u r 'he can take the jewel the fruits II zy4 tag la:^, ta$la:ma:k): Ca&. xv ff.
of which are salvation' TT V 26, 94-5. - t a g l a - ( - d l ) ni- 'to throw out' Vel. 169
(quotns.; in one t a v k a r ~t a g l a - clearly im-
1) tiivliik IIap. ley.; A.N. fr. 3 tlig; the phr. is plies an etymological conncction with 1 t a g ) ;
a variant of the commoner phr. tii$ 6:dl:. t a p l a - ( I ) birlin andiixtnn 'to throw out' Son.
X a k . xr tugliik o:@: mnqtu'l-tdris 'the time r56v. 7 (quotns.): X w a r . xrv t a g l a - 'to throw
to halt for a rest' Kaj. 1477. away' Qtrtb 173.
Dis. 1'. DQL- 1) 2 ta$la:- ( ? d-) ]>en. V. fr. 2 ta:g; 'to
1) tevil- (d-) Pass. f. of 1 teq- ; 'to he pierced, throw stones (at someone), t o stone' and in
split', rtc.; s.i.n~.rn.l.g. T t i r k i i V I I I ff. Man. sorue rnodern languages 'to pave (a place) with
(the I)lood, pus and filth) y a v l n k t e s i l t i (sic) stones'. S.i.s.rii.l., see 1 tagla:-. X a k . XI 01
tokiilti '\\.ere violently split and poured out' I ~ I Btagln:clt: 'he threw stoncs (<lnmha . . .
A i 1 5 , 10-11 : U y g . V!II ff. Ilud. (of a corpse) bi'l-lzicrit-u) at the dog' h-,~$. III 294 (precedes
k n r t n ~k e b e r i p tqegusl t e g i l i p 'the stonlach 1 ta$la:-, no separate Aor. o r Infin.): X I I I ( ? )
s\vells and the entrails are perforated' U I11 Tcf. t a g l a - 'to stone' 200: Gag. xv tf, ta$la-
(2) S ( I ? I ~zadon 'to stone' Sntr. 1 . 5 6 ~8:
. Kom.
43, 24; 0.0. do. 78, 2-3 (i$e:gii); T T X 548:
X a k . xr ka:b teqildi: 'the wine-skin split' xrv ditto CCG; Gr. 237 (quotn.): KIP. xv
(inpqqn); verse Kng. II 127 (te9ilii:r (MS. in racamo Bi'l-!lacar 'to stone' !a:gla-; this is the
error te~ildi:), te$ilme:k): G a g . xv ff. tkgil- original meaning but sotne of them use it for
(spelt) slirc?.u prdun 'to be pierced' Sun. 1 9 4 ~ . the expression ramci m i ji yodik 'to t h o &
15 (quotns.; earlier erroneous transcription whatever you have in your hands' Knv. 76, 8
tr~rl-,and translation, corrected): KIP. (xrv in mcaina t a ~ l a -Trrh. 1711. 3 .
Brrl. 3 5 r bolla 'to moisten' is translated PU D tigle:- (d-) Den. V. fr. ti$ (1 t1:g); 'to bite'.
tegil-, o:1 e t - , o:l eyle-; the first word is n o See t ~ g l a t - . S.i.a.nr.1.g. as the normal word
doubt an error for yagla- o r the like): xv for 'to hite', but some NE, NW languages
irlfncara 'to be split, cleaved' ( s l t ~ n - in ; margln use Ism- as well o r instead; SW Az., Osm.
in S W ( ? )hand) devil- Trth. 6a. I . d i g l e - ; T k m . di:gle-. U y g . V I I I ff. Civ. 69-
11 tigel- ( d - ) Pass. f. of tige:-: s.i.s.rn.l. X a k . d u n i k i ti$In o t u r a tivlep 'biting it in half
sr o r g a : k tipeldi: 'the teeth of the sickle were with the front teeth' H I r 5 2 : X a k . xr 01 anr:
sharpened'; sinlilarly one says tegtrrne:n tt9le:di: 'nddnhrr hi-sinnihi 'he bit him'; also
tiqeldi: 'the teeth of the mill-stone were used for 'ti hit in the teeth' Kny. I11 294
sharpened'; also the teeth of a saw (al- (tiple:r, tigle:me:k, corrected fr. - m a : k or
-rnin$&), and the like K q . I1 128 (tigelfir, vice versa): K B 4601 (uv$a:k): Gag. s v ff.
tlqelme:k). ttvle- (spelt) 'to seize with the teeth' (bh-
-dandZn girifmn), usually in order to hite
D tu$a:l- ( ? d - ) Pass. f. of tu$a:-; 'to be (gazidan), o r in order to protect (bn-cihnt-i
hobbled' and the like. T h e only occurrence i n mrrhEfnznt kordnn) Son. 1pqv. 22 (quotns.):
Knr. is dubious, it is in a prov. quoted under X w a r . X I V ti$le- 'to bite' Qutb 180: K o m .
 xrv ditto C C I ; Gr.: KIP. xrlr 'nddn tig1e:- D tiiglen- Refl. 1)en. V. fr 3 tug; s.i.s.rn.1.
IIov. 42, 9: X I V ditto fd. 3 9 ; Iltrl. 63r.: xv for 'to have a mid-day rest or meal'. Elgln in
ditto Trrlr. 25h. lo. Kap.'s quotn. is a specifically O@JZword.
Xak.(?) X I elgin tiiglendl: 'the traveller
1) tuy1a:- ( ? d - ) Den. V. fr. 1 tu:g; survivcs halted (ta'arrasn) and dismounted to have
in sornc N13 langua~csas tugta-ltusta- 'to a siesta and then go on again' (li-j~uqayyil
nicct'. Xak. X I m e n ant: tug1a:dlm fnhod- ttimma yanhad) Kaj. I1 242 (slightly mlc-
&ytul~ti wn qtinttn bi-l~igfZj,i/~i rua muwrico- placed; tuglenii:r, tiig1enme:k); tiigleniir
hatihi 'I confronted him and stood opposite o r d e k yugak 'the ducks and other water
to, and facing, him' KO*.III 294 (tugla:rmen, hirds alight on them' I 222, 18 (see 3 tiig):
tug1a:ma:k). Gag. xv ff. tiiglen- yri~tg6hggrrdar&ridun 'to
spend the middle of the day (somewhere)' Sun.
D to:gle:- (d-) Ilap. lea as a grammatical 1 7 7 ~ 14
. (quotns.)
example; Den. V. fr. to:$. Xak. X I tikg1e:di:
'he struck him on the chest' ('alE ladrilti); Dis. D$N
t6:g al-gndr Kny. III 346, 12; n.m.e. D tugun (d-) Intrans. Dev. N. fr. tiig-
1 taglat- (d-) Caus. f. of 1 tagla:-; 'lodgings, inn', and the like. N.0.a.b.; listed
in R III 1590 as 'Gag.', but not in any Ca&
s.r.s.m.l.(i) hut see 1 tagla:-. Xak. X I ol authority; possibly found in Rhi. Xak. xt
oQu1nl: taglattt: Bnrrahn ibnohu, he sent his KB k i r i p kend iqinde tiledi tugiin 'he
son ahmad', to he hardened hy foreign travel entered and looked for lodgings in the town'
Krrf. II 343 (taglatu:r, tag1atma:k). 488; a j u n b i r tfiqiin 01 g o r u g b i r Wgiin
I) 2 taglat- ( ? d-) Caus, f. of 2 tagla:-; 'this world is one inn, your grave is another'
s.i.s.m.1. Xak. X I ol ant: taglattt: 'he (when that inn yields you up the next world is
ordered that hc should be stoncd' (bi'l-darb yout inn) 1390; a.o. 1443.
hib/-11icCrn)Knj. 11 343 (no separate Aor. and 1)togne:k (d-) Uev. N. (Conc. N.) fr. tngen-
Infin., precedes 1 taglat-). (abbreviated); 'a place where bedding is laid
out'. N.0.a.b. T u r k u V I I I ff. turiiya: kug
I) trglat- (ti-) Caus. f. of trgla:- (tig1e:-); the t6gne:ki:ge: konmi:g 'a crane alighted on its
Infin. has quite clearly -ma:k, ivliich suggests resting-place' IrkR 61: Xak. xr K B n e g u
that in the original MS. of Kn,r. all the cognate a s g ~5 x i r k a r a yCr k o y ~a n t 9 topneki 01
words had back vowels. S.i.s.ni.l. Xak. X I ya&z y d r oyl 'what is the use of i t ? The end
ol anl: ttglattl: 'he ordered him to bite'
is the bosom of the black earth; his resting
(n'n~~lnhrrbi'l-ainn) Knp. I1 343 (t~glatu:r, place is a hole in the brown earth' 3570.
ttg1atma:k; versc 'he sent a greyhound,
ordering it to hite'). Dis. V . D$N-
D tualat- ( ? d - ) Caus. f. of tugla:- ; s.i.s.m.l. D tugan- ( ?d-) Hap. leg.; Refl. f. of tupa:-.
in NE. Xak. X I 01 y6:rig a g a r tuqlattt: 'he Xak. XI e r ada:kl: tug and^: 'the man's legs
ordered someone to take up a position on a were tightly hound (fu'alInq~t) and his thighs
piecr of ground (j'oqrim frlnqdrn ard) facing hini were rendered motionless (ilfaffat) by fear'
in ordrr to j u d ~ cthe distance from it' (hi'l- Kaf. 11 146 (tuga:nur (sic), tuganma:k;
-qij;i?s trlin hn'id); also used of anything about prov., see tugal-).
w h ~ c h rinr conjectarcs (nccepting Atalay's
ctnrndation of jlnto!rozz6,filri for jfotoIrnrrri in D togen- ((I-) Rcfl. f. of toge:-; s.i.m.m.l.g.,
the MS.) Kay. II 342 (tuglatu:r, tug1atma:k). usually with a I'ass. sense; S W Az., Osm.
dogen- (Tkm. diigen- seems a recent form,
I) toglet- (d-) Ilnp. leg.; C ~ U Sf. .of to:gle:-. it was earlier dogen-). Xak. xr 01 6:zige:
Xak. X I 01 ant: togletti: 'he ordered that he t6ge:k togendi: 'the man made it his business
.should he struck on the chest' ('a15 tadrihi) to spread out a mattress (fnra~n'l-first) for
Kaj. II 342 (togletu:r, tog1etme:k). himself' Kay. II 147 (t6ge:niir (sic), tbgen-
me:k): K B (in spring la ins, mountains, high
I) tiglen- (d-) Refl. f. of tigle:-; s.i.s.m.l., ground, and valleys) tliyendi yadlp 'have
ucually for 'to clench the teeth'. Xak. XI spread out (greenery) and made themselves a
ogla:n tiglendi: rnracnt isndnu'l-sabi 'the boy mattress of it' 69; t i r i g Ngii e x i r tagengii
grew teeth'; and one says orga:k tiglendi: y e r i g 'living heings will die, and at the last
'the teeth of the sickle were sharpened' make their beds in the ground' 237; 0.0. 1383,
(h~ddidni) KO$. II 244 (tfglenii:r, tiglen- 1426: Xwar. xrv t6gen- ditto Qufb 185.
me:k). V U D ttigne:- Hap. leg.; Den, V. fr. tiigun;
D tuglan- (?d-) Hefl. f. of tugla:-; n.o.a.b. lit. 'to settle down in lodgings'. Xak. xt yagln
Xak. xr b1:r ne:n bi:rke: tualandt: 'one thing a t l p yagnadl: tuma:n tu:rup tiignedi: 'the
was placed opposite (tnwnccaha . . . nahw) lightning flashed; the mist rose and became
another and competed with it' ( ? ; kiina stationary' Kay. I 236, 2 ; n.m.e.
bo'ro'hrr) Kny. I1 243 (tuqIanu:r, tug1anma:k):
Gag. xv ff. t u ~ l a n -dripir mu mriqo'rin ,tudnn Dis. D$R
'to face and be adjacent to (something)' Sun. D tagra: (d-) Adv. of place fr. 1 tag; 'out-
177": 14 (quotns.). side'. Survives only(?) in S W Osm. t a g r a
 DIS.
which seems to havc heel1 borrowed fr. some k u l u a 'it hrings greatness to a slave if he lets
o ~ h c rlanguage. since all the coanate forms in it drop at the appropriate place' 1001: 0.0.
r OF^. h e g ~ n with dl-. Tiirkii V I I I tagra: 2347-9 ( 1 to:y): X w a r . ~ I I dllgiir-
I 'to un-
yor1yu:r 'they are marching out' I E 11-12; load; to cause to fall' 'Ali 25, 55: X I V t t i ~ i i r -
a.o. 1 6 zh, II E 21 ( a $ s ~ z ) Xak. : XI tamga: 'to help (someone) to ciismount, or come down'
suvl: tagra: p k t p t a : g ~ gote:r 'the water Qrith 191; Nnhc. 106, 8: K o m . S I V tilgilr- 'to
of the tributary corncs out and pierces the unload' CC,'I; 'to cast down (rnto hcll)' C G ;
mountain' Koj. 1 4 2 4 , 17; n.m.e.: X I I I ( ? )T P ~ . C;r. 261 (quotn.).
t a v r a 'outside; (to come) out' 291: X w a r .
xlv ditto Qetb 173: O s m . xlv ff. t a g r a (xlv T r i s . D$R
and x v sometimes d a g r a ) 'outside, outwards'; I.) tiisiirgii: (d-) Hap. leg.; Ilcr,. Conc. N. fr.
c.i.a.p. T7'S 1 6 8 4 ; 11885; 111 674; I V 745: t i i ~ i i r - . Xak. X I tiigiirgti: 'the place whete
svlrl t q r a in Rrirni, hirtin 'outside' San. 261r. water discharges (fChalrr'1-ntd') into a river.
I z ; a.o. do. I 57'. I 1 ( t ~ ~ g a r u : ) .
and, also the place where water discharges
1) t i i ~ r i i k(d-) Hap. leg.; abbreviated Pass. (mafro,@tr'l-ind') from a mill-strearn into thc
Dcv. N.i.4. fr. tiigiir-; lit. 'which is let fall, river', and the like Kay. I 4 9 o .
or caused to fall', or the like. Uyg. VIII ff. D tiigilrgii:n (d-) 1Iap. leg.; I'ass. Dev.
tiivriik x w a qeqeklerig t i z e u r i p 'arranging N . / A fr. tiigur-; cf, tiiggiin. Xak. X I
in order the flo\~ersdeposited (on the altar)' tilgllrgu:n 'the Rum tra~acnritlitree' (~ncar~r'l-
u 1147~75-6. -ho!irfi') in one dialect Kay. 1522.
I> tiigriim (d-) Hap. leg.; abbreviated
N.S.A. fr. tiigur-; the seniantic connection i s Dis. D S S
nl~scure. A t g u : S I tiigriim krill dal~fica D tiigsii?: Priv. N . / A . fr. 1 t u g ; n.0.a.h.
~iririo'l-fosl(MS. 'ozl) 'a hall of thread' Kaj. I UyR. V I I I ff. nud. (if a man has no faith, even
485. if he understands the meaning of the (nivstical)
nia. V. D9R- letters) tiigsiiz k u r u g k a l l r 'it is without
(beneficial) results and uscless' 1'7' V 26, 96.
I) t a v u r - Caus. f. of tag-; 'to cause to over-
Row'. Survives with extended meanings in Dis. V. D$$-
SWOsm. tagrr-; elsewhere taqrr- seems to be
the Caus. f. of tagu:- Kag, X I o t egiq t a g u r d ~ : I1 tugug- (d-) Recip. f. of tug-; survives in
'the fire madc the pot boil over' (afmat); also S W 'Tknl. du:gug-. try&. V I I I ff. Bud. a d t n d a
used of any liquid that overflows its container a n q u l a y u kelmigler b i r l e t u g u g m a k ~b o l u r .
1178 ( t a g u r u r , t a g u r m a : k ) ; tag1rka:n 'on the other hand, it means thcir meeting the
(sic; after - K - ) kikrliig 'a man with protruding Tnthrigatns' U 1135, 26-8: Civ. b u t u g u g m n k
eyes' (nl-rfiiiiz) I 521. a t l l g l r k 'this hcxugram meaning "nlccting" '
T T I 13.
I> t u g u r - (d-) C:ii~s.f. of t u s - ; survi\zes in
S\\''lkm. tiu:gur-. Xak. X I o l menl: sa-
ga: t u g u r d ~ : 'he I)rought ahout a meetinc ta:y ';I onc- or two-year-r~ldfc~al',older than
(niuqa'a'l-mril(iqn~)hct\\cen me and you' K a g a k u l u n . S.i.a.m.l.g., sec Shcherhnk, p. 91 ;
I I 78 ( t u v u r u r , t u $ u r m a : k ) : K B 2370 I. - \ . in PC. and other languagctcn Doprfrr I1 8 h ~ .
(okcl:): X w a r . slv t u g u r - seems to mean X a k . X I ta:y 01-nrrrltr 'a colt' hlnj. /I1 rgS
merely 'to meet' Qritb 187. (verse); I 313 (adglrlan-), a.o.0.: K H (if you
ride a fine cross-bred horse or) t5zi t a y 'an
D tiigiir- (d-) Caus, f. of tiig-; 'to let fall, to Arab colt' 5803: x ~ vMuh. nl-muhr ta:y/ta:y
order to disnlount', etc. S.i.a.m.1.g.; NE Mel. 7, 1 5 ; Rif. 79; (01-muhr ku1u:n) a1:filu
'I'uv. diijiir-; S W Az., Osm., Tkm. diigiir-. 'foal' fa:y 69, 1 2 ; 170: gag. xv ff. f a y (sic)
Tiirkii vrrr T zf (asrn-): VIII ff. Yen. Aura-i ash 'a foal', one or two years old Sun.
inigizke: Cqigizke: i n g e n yiiki: (sic, hut 2611. 23: Krp. X I I I 01-mnhr ta:y (and al-
duhinus?) s i z ( ? s o read, Malov has rva) -mtihrrr'l-$u#ir ku:lun) Ilori. I z,9;(a/-mirhr ihn
tiigiirtioiz 'you have allowed your younger snrra ku:lun) ibn sanatn~vtta:y do. 12, 12:
and elder brothers to lay down a female xlv f a y nl-mrrhr id. 67: xv ditto Knu. 61, 19;
camel's load' A h l . 28, 9 (an unsatisfactory Tirh. 3 3 h 9.
inscription, t h e last words are improbable):
L'yp. V I I I ff. Dud. kigi iize t e g r i tugiireyin 1 to:y originally 'a camp' in the pl~yricalscnse
'1 will bring gods down to men' T T V 12, of an aggregate of tents; thence the people
122;R.o. U I V 8 , 12 (139, 12;egin:: X a k . s ~ living in such a camp, 'n community'; thence
01 e1igdi:n y a r p a : k tiigiirdi: 'he dropped any 'large gathering'; and finally 'a feast',
(nsqnfn) the dirham (etc.) from his hand'; and and esp. 'a wedding feast'. In the last sense
one say9 m e n anl: a t t r n tiJgiIrdiIm 'I made s.i.a.n,,l.g. See Dorrfcr 111 1352. T i i r k i l
him dismount (nn~olttihtr)from his horse', also V I I I ff. Man. (the whole people) t o y k a p g ~ ~ ~ a
for 'I made him fall off' (asqnt!rrhrr) Kaj. 1178 t e g i b a r d l l a r 'went sa far as the gate of the
(tiigiiriir, tiigunne:k); kelse: o m e : tiigiir- (royal) camp' T T II 8, 65 (see note thereon,
gil 'if a guest comes, invite him to dismount' which is open to some criticism): Uye. VIII ff.
(anailhu) II 316, l o ; KB (the advantage of Bud. Sanskrit (samghdt samgham 'from
speech is great) yerince tiiytirse bedtittir religious community to religious community'
 D i s . 1)YC:
D taya:k ((1-1 Cnnc. N. fr. t a p : - ; lit. 'prop,
support', hut usually in rnndcrn languages
r88r. 23 (thr t u y u k l t u y u f i is a lvell-known
e:~rly'l'urkish w r c r f i ~ r ~used,
n intcr alia, ,I>y
Qa{li Ilrrrlronrr'l-din; tltr scmantic conncctlon
~~
I

' rprcitically '\valking stick', and the like. is o l ~ s c u r e ) . I

S.~.a.rn.l.g.;SiY Az. d a y a k ; Osnl. d a y a k ; t a y g a : n 'crt,yttr>und, horzttr'; ~ ) r t ~ l an
) . old I
'I'km. t a y a k (irrrgular. I.-n.. fr. nome othcr anltilal namc cndrng in - a a : n . Survives ill
I:ir~guagc); I.-\r. in I'e. and othcr languages, some NICI anprleges, SZ.: 'I'urki, and N C I<lr.; I
Unrrkrr 11 864. U y g . A I I I ff. Bud, Sanskrit in othcr lanpuages t a z t ('I'crsian') ic usually
driiroyc!in ( ?sic) 'by the two supports' 2 t o r l o g used in this scnse; I.-w. in soinc lanpuaacs see
ta:ya:g iize: T T V I I I A . 4 ; e d g i i k e t e g m e k - ilorrjrr I 1 806. X a k . X I t a y 2 a : n 'a slim Inp-
Hg yiik yiidrneknil) t a y n k ~t e t i r (faith) 'is cared (01-oqiihbrr'l-rrfi(iqf)kind of clog' Kup. 111
called the support for nssumirtp the burden 174 (prov.); thrce ~ 1 . o . :S I V ~t'fr~fi.(?).snfriqi
nhich lcads to good' T T 1.. 22, 43; 0.0. do. 'Crcytiound' tayRa:n Rlf. 174 (only).
44; 24, 53-80: Civ. 7'T I I O I (butgii:): X n k .
X I t a p a k 01-'npi 'staff, ~vnlking stick'; and \'llF t a p ~ u : n / t o y g u r l n.o.n.l>.; prcsumahly
onc says kucje:gii: t a y a k b8:rdr: 'the bride- sotnc k ~ n dof high nf?ici;~l. 'I'lic lirqt syllahlc
grnotn (01-.~oton) gave a m a i d - s e n a n t or is proh. Clt~ncsct'oy ' g r r ; ~ t '((iilcs 10,573);
slave, so that the hride dismuuntt~d from her Villi. 'I'honiscn in Itrrcriptiorrc <lo I'Orklron
horse supporting hcrself o n hint' (mrctta- ilirh!fiPr.s, kielsirigfors, 1Sg6, p. I 77, note 84
kiyo(n) ' a l a ~ ~ h i ) this
; is a custom of the suggcstcd that the sccond syllnhle was the
xvealttry so that he (the slave) bccornes the Collective Suff. - g u n h u t this seerns im- 1
proprrt): (of the hride) KO$. III 166 (prov.); probable. It is nlore ltkrly to he a Chinenc
taya:k 'nsli I 417, 6 : K B (I' have become word, but thrrc are phonetic crlljcctinns to the
infirni) t a y a k t u t t t e l g i m my hand has suggestion that it is Itrtr~n 'nllicial' (Gilps
yrarped a staff' 5633: ~ I I I ( ? )7Pf. t a y a k
statf' 282: G a g . r c f f . t a y a k l t a y a k degnek
6,341). 'I'he two \i.ords may t,c different,
thc second vowel in the sccond is uncertain. i
I
'walking stick' V c l . 181 (quotns.); t a y a B / T u r k i i V I I I gar oelanrgtzdn: t a y g u : n ~ g ~ z t i a !
t a y a k tnkijo 'support'; it is a Lkv. N. fr. yegde: i g i d u r e r t i g l z 'you fctl (tlrc peoplc?)
t a y a - tnkiyo dtidon; and nietaph. crib-i dast Iwttcr than your sons and high olticials' I Sl;;
'a walking-stick' Son. 167r. 1 3 (quotn.): Kom. [ p p ] b u n q a : hedizq1:g t o y g u n e l t e b e r I
srv 'staff' t a y a k CCG.; Gr.: Klp. S I I I al- kelii:rti: 'I)roirght so nl:rn dccorntors, high
-'okkAz 'staff, crutch' 1aya:k iiotc. 39, 2: Osm. nficials(?), and rltrhrrs' I NL'.
xlv ff. d a y a k 'support, walking stick'; in
sevcral tests T T S 11 263; 111 676 ( t a y a k ) ;
T r i s . I)YG
11" 747.
\'U?D t;rya:fiu: 'pchhlrs' and the likr; the
1) t n y l g Uev. N.,'A. fr. t a y - ; 'slippery, un- UyP. spellina t i ~ y a a r loccurs in a datnagcd
stnhlc'. N.n.a.h. X n k . X I tay1Q y6:r nl- passape nird nlav he. nn error, hut rqtrnlly the
-1trnz1,rqo ttritm'l-m<l 'slippery ground' KO$. IZI word rnay he inisi~ocalized in Kng.; tnya:ffu:
165: R B (luck is faithless, disl~tyal.and fickle; is niorphologicallv :I I)e\-. N. fr. taya:- hrrt
it suddrnly flies off'and) n d a k ~t a y ~ g'its feet thrrc is n o ohviotls srrnnrrtic connection.
nrr li;tlllc to slip' 670: X I I I ( ? )7;:f. t a y l g (of I ' y C v r r ~If. Ilud. (no\\. it ltns Ilrcn~nco u r
ttir grnt~tid)'slippcry' 282. fate) u t u n yavax b r a m a l l ~ l a r j n t gt a a (VLI)
t a y u k Hap. leg.; syn. \I.. t a y l a g ; therc must tuyagu teg lrig yavgran yuzllerin k6r-
he some etymological connection hetwecn the g e l i 'to s r e thc faces of ttrc shatuel+ss, cvil
two, but - l a g is not a known Turkish Suff. Brahmans which arc as tough and hard as
and both may b e I.-m.s. Atnlay also suggests stone and ~lchhlcs' U I I I 17, 11-13: X n k . X I
a connection with SLIT xxr Anat. d a y 1 'good, taya:gu: ol-nrrhln ncn'l-n~ndoro 'pchblcs and
good-looking' (of a man or animal) S D D 408. clods of clay' fif.I11 174.
X a k . st t a y u k e r 'a younp, elegant, fastidious D t a y a k l ~ g(d-) P.N./A. fr. taya:k. S.o.a.11.
(ol-~ci6611'l-~nriftc'l-~1itr10qa~~iz) man' K a f . I11 U y g . \.III ff. Bud. a q n u k l i k i g i i k e t a y a k l t f f
166. t i r i g b o l m a k 6 g d i s i z o l 'it is not praise-
S tuya:R See *tuAa:g. worthy to cnmc to life with the support o f thc
first two' T T V 26, 110; o o. [lo. 28, 127-8.
I> t u y u k 'closed, nipgnrdly (i.e. with closed
hands)', and the like. S.i.s.m.l. in N E a n d NC; D t a y a k l t k (d-) A.Y. fr. taya:k; n.0.a.h.
'l'uv, d u y u k ; cf. t u y l n . I'ass. I j c r . N./A. fr. Uyg. \-III ff. n u d . (just as the sound constantly
*tu:- (see to:-) with euphonic - y - inserted. rises from a drtrnl . . .) e l l g k e t a y a k l t k ~ n
X e k . sr t u y u k k i ~ i :'a niggardly (ol-mrtnqa- 'with the help of the hand' (wood and leather)
hid) man': t u y u k k u n 'a rainy, fr,pg?l ( d a m rco Suv. 375. 7-8; h u y a g r z y e r t a y a k l t k l n
dubfib) day': t u y u k k a p u g 'a cloced (inrtglaq) biitgiiliik n e q e ecjler b a r c r s e r 'whatever
dnor' hi~f. 111 166: (:RE?. xv ff. t u y u k (spell) commodities tnust be produccd with the help
cinfis 'a pun', which is one of the literary con- of thc hro\vn earth' do. 530, 1 - 2 ; a.o. Hii~n-ts.
ceits (quotn.); and cincis in Turkish is a special 1949: X n k . X I Kt3 (dn not take chances with
metre which they called ha!rr-i triyriq; it is the encniy, know that he is powerful) t a y a k t r k
a rum1 mrtsaddns tnaqsrir a s stated (with an y a g ~ k a t e m i i r k a l k a n e t 'make an iron !
example) in Nawi'i's wsrk o n prosody Son. shield your suppurt against the enemy' 4263.
 D I S . V. D Y N - 569

D tuyag118 I'.N./A. fr. tuya:g (tufia:g); laymen and monks' T T I V 4, 10; 0.0. U Ill
n.o.a.b. Tlirkii V I I I ff. Irlzll 5 ( a d g r r l ~ k ; 34, 5 (ii); 36, 23; T T V I I 40, 74, etc.: Civ.
?tuyo:glu:g): X a k . X I t u y a g l l g yrlkr: hnya- e n e t k e k toyrn 'the Indian monk' T T VII 14.
turin dti lidfir 'a hooved animal' Kaj. 111 178. I ; toyln and toyrn k u l l 'monk's servant' are
fairly common in USp.; sometimes used as a
I) t ~ l y u g s u z( d - ) Ilap. leg.?; I'riv. N./A. fr. P.N. e.g, as the name of a witness in 16, 25-
* t u y u k , Ilev. N. fr: t u y - ; 'without percep- 32: xrv Chin.-lJy2. Dict. 'Buddhist mnnk'
tion'. Uyg. V I I I ff. Bud. TT Vl 460 (he1gii:- toyrn 1,igeti 268; H 111 1175: X a k . xr toyln
fiiiz). a/-'ilc min untnmti'l-kafora 'an infidel among
T r i s . V. DYG- the pagans'; he has the same position among
I) t a y a k l a n - (d-) Refl. Den. V. fr. taya:k; them as an 'dlirn or mufti among us; he lives
n.0.a.h. X a k . xr e r tayaklandl: 'the man constantly with the idols and reads the hooks
owned a walltinr-stick' ('o$C) Kaj. III 197 and legal pronouncements of the pagans, God
( t a y a k l a n u r , tayak1anma:k); a.o. 198, 8. protect us from them Kaj. 111 169; 0.0. I11
Rq (yukun-); 377. I (tap1gsa:k): KIP. xlv
1) t a y u k l a n - Ilefl. Den. V. fr. t a y u k ; toyin (hlSS. !njrn) al-ra'is f i din Uygrcr 'a
n.0.a.b. Xak. X I yigit tayuklandr: tnznyyri'l- Icader in the religion of the U y b r ' fd. 67.
-ford hi-zayyI"l-aurfd' 'the youth dresserl
eleaantly' Knj. III 197 (tayuklanu:r, t a y u k - D tuyln Ifap. Icg.; syn. w. t u y u k , q.v.; pre-
1ayma:k). sutnahly Ilev. N./A. fr. *tu:- (see to:-). Xak.
xr tuyln e r 'a mean, niggardly (nl-daninu'l-
Dis. DYL -nrrmqabid) man' Kaj. 111 169.
(?n)t a y l a o &[ap. leg.; syn. w. t a y u k , r1.v. D t a y a n q (d-) Dcv. N. fr. t a y a n - ; appa-
X a k . xr t a y l a g e r al-mctilu'l-zar$t'l-la!ijrr'I-
-qaddibl-rundiyu'l-lawni'l-naqi~~1'1-avb 'an ele- rently a title of office; n.o.a.b.; cf. taya:gu:.
gant man with a graceful figure, a clear U y g . vrrr ff. Dud. (if a virtuour young man or
complexion, and clean clothes'; this is tnainly woman) b e g k e i ~ i k eInanq t a y a n q b o l g a l ~
used of youths (ni-.fi/.vrin); one says taylaq k u s e s e r 'wishes to hccome a confidant or
yigit 'a fastidious (ritritaqazziz) clegant youth' assistant of a br,q or his lady' TT VII 40, 52;
Kay. III 386. a.o. U Ill 62, 2 (ii).
Dis. DYN S t u y r ~ a k See *tufia:g.
teyig (?tdylg) 'squirrel', and by extension
'squirrel skin'; Kaj.'s form and translation Dis. V. DYN-
must he due to a misunderstanding. S.i.a.m.1.~. D t a y a n - ( d a y a m - ) Refl. f. of taya:-; 'to
except SW, usually as tiyiv/tiyin/ti:n, see support oneself by, lean on, or rely on (some-
Slrclierbok, p. 142; the squirrel skin was usrd one or something Dat.)'. S.i.a.m.1.g.; d a y a n -
as a currency unit in early Russia during the in NE Tuv.; SW Az., Osm., Tkm. T u r k u
prriod when coins were scarce, and the word as vttrff. Man. Chtms. 175-6 ( ~ n a n - ) : Uya.
ti:n still survives in some languages, including vrlr ff. nud. siigutke t a y a n ~ p t u r d 1 he
SW 'l'km. for 'kopek'; 1.-w. in Pe. and other stood leaning against a tree' U It1 22, 14;
lenRuages in this last sense, see Doerfer 11 a d l r t l a m a k k a t a y a n r p 'relying on dis-
101.3. I'lirku vlrr k a r a : ki5i:n kiik teyi0i:n crimination' (hetwecn the p o d and had in all
'their hlack sable and grey squirrel skins' I 1 doctrines) Srta. 302, 23; 0.0. do. 297, 10;
N I 1-12; S 12: X a k . X I tegig a/-sanimtir 589, 4 ; T T V I I I E.8 (igid-); USp. roo, 5 :
'sahle' Kay. 111 370: K B a g r q u z teyig kt$ X a k . X I 01 m a g a : t a y a n d ~ : 'he leant on
a l l r s e n tCrip 'you collect and acquire trea- (ittaka'a 'alri) me'; also used when one leans
sure, brncade, squirrel, and sable skins' 5.167; o n anything Kaq. I11 190 (tayanu:r, t a y a n -
t15ylr~kig iigt t u t t l d u n y S ici 'the interior of ma:k); 0.0. III 161, 2; 380 ( t a y a : ~ ~ : )K : B
the world assumed the (dark) colour of squirrel t a y a n m a t l r i g l i k k e 'do not rely on life' (it
and sable' 5825: xtv Mtrh. al-sincrih 'squirrel' passes like a dream) 1332: Fag. xv ff. t a y a n -
teyig Mrl. 72, 8; Rif. 174: G a g . xv ff. thyin 'to lean' (tnkiya kardan) in general, and 'to
(spelt) siricdb Son. 2 0 3 ~ . 5 (quotns.): K o m . lean one's back against (something)' in parti-
xrv 'squirrel, miniver' t e y l n C C I ; Gr.: KIP. cular Son. 166v. 21 (quotn.): X w a r . xrv
xrrr al-sincrib (VU) teyin EIoti. I I , 13: O s m . t a y a n - 'to support oneself on (something
xrv to xvItr teyln 'squirrel' in 4 texts 7'TS II Dat.)' Qutb 168: Krp. s r t r ta'akkoza 'to lean
892; ZV 752. on' taya:n- liou. 39, 2: xrv t a y a n - istanada
wn ittaka'a 'to support oneself, lean on' fd.
F toyrn '(Buddhist) mnnk'; I.-w. fr. Chinese 67: xv ittnka'a t a y a n - Tuh. qh. 9; a.o. dq.
too jPn same meaning (Gi1t.s 10,780 5,624). 84a. 3: O s m . xv if. d a y a n - (and t a y a n - ) 'to
N.o.a.b.; became a 1.-\v. in Pe., hlonp., and rely on'; in several texts T T S I $82; 111170;
other languages, where it sometimes acquired I V 193.
other meanings, see Doerfer I1 99.1 Yakut
t o y o n 'master, governor, ofiicial, mayor', and D t u y u n - (d-) Refl. f. of t u y - ; 'to have, or
the like, Pek. 2706, is clearly a 1.-rv. fr. Mong. acquire perception, or awareness'; n.0.a.h.
after it had acquired these extended meanings. Uyg. vrrl ff. Man. T T IZZ 120 (a6rg): Bud.
U y g . vrlr ff. Bud. Sanskrit hhiksr~'monk' toyrn Sanskrit bodhyntigci 'the constituent parts of
T T V I I I A.19, C.4; 0.0. N.1 (okr:-; spelt enlightenment' tuyu:nma:k bBlBkleri T T
toyu:n), etc.; t i k i i ~mlcjlk t o y i n l a r 'many V I I I A.15, 21, 22; (how can they fill their
lan~vages 'dust' is usually tozagltozan or thing on earth) Chuas. 47-8; do. 5-6 (tdrln-);
Tag ( ? a I.-w.). Cf. 1 to:& Tiirkti vrrr ff. a.o.0. : Uyg. V I I I ff. h'lan. Oz tnzlerin ukrtlp
(clouds were stationary above) asra: toz making them undcrstand their own origin'
turdl: 'dust was stationary helow' IrkB 15: T T I11 30; konl tozin u n l t m l g l a r k a - 'to
Uyg. V I I I ff. Man. T T III 27 ( b a t ~ l - ) :Bud. those who had forgotten their true origin' do.
7'1' VIII A.6 (toprakllg); U II 39, 89, etc. 123-4; a.0.0.: Bud. ertfgti terig tdz y ~ l h z
(topra:k): Civ. T T I s - 6 (topra:k): Xak. xr n o m l n 'the very profound doctrine of the
to:z ('with back vowel') al-grrbdr 'dust' Kaj. root' (Sanskrit indrip) T T VI 148; (faith is
I11 123; three 0.0. translated qartol or ltabd', called) kertulerke kertiilernig qln kertii
hoth 'dust'; XIII(?)TCJ. to:zlg a r a s l n d a 'in tBzige k i r m e k n i g tiizl 'the basis of entry into
the dust' 302: xrv Muh. 01-guhnr to:z Mpl. the (company of) believers and the true basin
75. I ; RiJ. 178: Gag. xv fi. toz gard w a dubnr of the believers' T T V 22, 23-4: 0.0. T T VIII
Snn. 1 7 5 ~ 7: . X w a r . X I I I ditto 'Ali 55: xrv D 27, etc. (ugug); U III 41, 7 (i) (1 kg), etc.:
ditto Qutb 183: Kom. x ~ vditto CCZ, C C G ; Civ. in T T VII 30, I z t6z is used exceptionally
Gr.: KIP. xrrr a/-gubdr d o : ~Iiou. 5, 12: xrv instead of k u t for 'element' (of the five ele:
foz nl-gubdr Id. 63; a/-qotnrn rua'l-tabu wa'l- ments); (in H I 104 tazin is an error for
-&tbdr 'dust cloud, mist, dust' d o z Bul. 3, 5: (evgek) tusin 'donkey's hair'): Xak. xr one
xv al-gubnr foz Kav. 58, r I ; Trrh. 2613. 2. says &:I to:z neteg kayfa'l-wildya wa'l-ro'iyo
'how are the realm and the subject people?'
2 to:z 'birch-hark'. S.i.a.m.l.g. as tozltos; in (this must belong here, it cannot belong to 2
S W only Az.; I.-w. in I'e. and other languages, to:z which precedes it): t8:z 01-a:l 'ori~in';
see DoerJer II 960. Uyg. v r r ~ff. Bud. (if one one says antg tii:bi: to:zi: k l m man arluhu ma
writes the dlra'mpi) tozda 'on birch-bark' (a ila matt jlnntamd 'who are his ancestors and
leaf, paper. etc.) U I1 70, 4 (ii): Xak. X I to whom does hc trace his origin?' Kap III
to:^ al-mlizoirr'llnfi yrilbns 'al~i'l-qisrj' 'a strip 123: K B aydl Aytoldl k11k1 t5zl 'Aytoldi
which is wrapped round a how' Kay. 111 123: told of his character ~ n origin'd 568; 0.0. 855;
Gag. xv ff. toz (rnis-spelt ttrz) (7) 'the bark 1704 (koqut); (in g j g tbzi is 3n error for
of the mountain almond tree' (ptisf-i dirasf-i ( b a r p n ) yiizi 'the front surface of brocade'):
hdddnz-i hiilii) which is wrappcd round hows XII(?)K B V P t u b tiizi I I : Gag. xv ff. t6:z
to strengthen them, also called ~ O SArabicized, ('with -6-') hrm-i gtij 'the lohe of the ear' San.
as tiic Son. 175". 15; ~ O Sa corruption of toz 1 7 5 ~ 7. (quotn. with the phr. k u l a k tazi).
which is wrapped round bows and the like do.
r76r. 18: KIP. xrv toz 'the hark (qijr) of a tree tiiz (d-) 'level, Rat, even', with some extended
with which bows are covered' (yt&d) Id. 38: meanings like 'equal'. S.i.a.m.1.g.; usually
O s m . xrv-xv11 toz 'a material used to wrap as tiizltiis; SW Az., Osm., Tkrn. diiz; the
hows', including mctaph. the beloved's eye- ' n m . forms sugaest that K a j . ' ~alternative
brows; in several texts TTS 1 6 9 8 ; I11 685; spellinp tu:z is proh. an error, due to the
1 758.
'
2 voiced final. 'I'iirkii vrrr (the rulers and
t u : ~( ? d - ) 'salt', sometimes used metaph. ministers were wise and tough) begleri:
S.i.a.m.l.~.;NE 'I'uv. d u s ; SW Az. d u a ; yeme: bocjunl: yeme: t u z e r m i g 'hoth their
'I'k~n. du:z but Osm. tua. Uyg. vrrr ff. Civ. beps and thrir people were orderly' I E 3:
(in a prescription) k a r a t u z 'hlack salt'(!; Uye. vrIl ff. (Man. the reading tiiz kerlngsiz
this might hc toz 'I~irch-bark', the other in- in T T IlI 66, etc and some Bud. texts is an
gredients are organic) H 1 4 ; a.o. I1 32, 39: vrror for t i i z g e r i n ~ s i zq.v.): Bud. tiiz some-
Xak. X I tu:z ('with back vowelp') al-milh times translates directly, or ria a Chinese
'salt' Kay. I11 123; six 0.0. translated 01-milit; translation, Sanskrit samatd 'impartiality', e.g.
and1:n t a m a : r tuke:l tu:z 'all kinds of salti- (a well-disposed merciful mind, a cheerful
ness (01-mnl$m; i.e. charm) ooze from him' I mind) tiiz kogBI 'an impartial mind' (attains
60, 6; a v l a l u r k z i i m a n t 9 tu:zl:ga: 'my soul knowledge of all the Buddhas) T T V I 77;
is hunted by his saltiness (charin)' I 296, 4: when used to translate a Chinese calendar
K B b u gB'lr siizl siizke k a t t l tuzl 'this character tiiz represents p'ing 'level, even,
prlet's remark added its salt to the remark' equal' (Giles 9,310) do. 258 (and note); 0.0.
71 I ; a.o. 1328 (etmek); 4222: XIII(?)At. t a - T T V 26, 86 (tap1a:g); Sua. 134, 1 2 (arka:),
t u r m a z eseninde t u z d6st11ja 'he does not etc.: Civ. (various ingredients) tiiz iilIig
during his lifetime give his friend salt to taste' 'in equal parts' H I 4, 50, 166; 0.0. do. 147
263: xrv Muh. 01-milh fu:z Mcl. 75, 8; Rif. (otura:); T T VII 42, I etc. (uldag): Xak.
XI tiiz 'anything level' (or 'equal'; rnrrslomi(n));
178: F a g . xv ff. t u z ('with -u-') ( I ) nanrak
'salt' Sun. 1 7 5 ~9. (quotn.): Xwar. xrv ditto hence one says tiiz yd:r 'level ground' Kaf. I
Qirtb 188: Kom. xlv ditto C C I ; Gr.: Kip. 325; one says tW.z yd:r mamdi' musfaroiyn 'a
xrrr a/-milit tu:z Hou. 17, 17; xrv ditto Id. 53 ; level place' III 123; b8:q erge:k tii:z erme:s
a/-milh (t)duz (sic) Brrl. 8, 17: xv nii/?l tuZ 'the five fingers are not equal' I 128, 8; (all
Tuh. 35a. 5. men) tli:z erme:s 'are not equal' (faysa . . .
hi-mwd') I 376, 21; a.0. I 433, 7; and see
tb:z 'root, basis, origin', and the like. Survives erentUz: K B kllrnql silig e r d i kllkr tUz-e
only(?) in most NE dialects as t 6 s R 1111264; 'his conduct was pure and his character
cf. t(i:b. 1 k a k , ylltlz. A I.-w. in Pe., Doerfer equable' 42 (cf. t8:z); (a three-legced stool
I1 961. Tiirkti vlrr ff. Man. (the five gods are does not lean over) tiregti t u r u r ~ U Z'the
.
. .).t6zi yrllrzl 'the origin and root' (of every- three (legs) stand level' 802; y a t g u tUe 'he
 \\.111 he lying flat' 1427; ( ~ af tnan gets drunk, - r i ~ t i h ( s i ch~ziirlarrrunintr:ntrrd~dnn
) 'toarrange
he hccomes mad) hu tklve i$i kiir k a q a n hearls on a L;trlnc arid put tticin in order'; and
t u z b o l u r 'hon- can the arts i>f this mad- 111 this Inst nlranlnc tiz- is also tzscd do. 173'.
man hecome reasonable(?)' zoon: x ~ r r ( ? T ) P~. 27:
.. K I. P . sv ~in;nrrrn tlz- 7'1th. 37a. I .
tiiz 'smorrth round); straight (road); ;lpriUht
(figure),' 317: X w a r . s r l r d i i p diiz 'ql~itr. t o z - appnrrntly a V. homopl~i~iirrus \v. 1 t0:Z
ler-cl' Ali 5;: X I V tilz 'Icvel' L>rith 108; t ~ i c a n i r 'to
i ~ I,cc,r~t~r
rhl:.r, t41 volatilicr', arid the
'approprintc' MN z+q; 'equal' (shares) Nnlrc. like. In t h r carry pcrio~l very rare[arid lrsed
256, 8: K o m . srv t u z 'level; rclual; upright; only of odirurs. Sur\,~\,c.;in thcsc and similar
n steppe' C C I . C C G ; Gr. 261 ( q . ~ , . )Klp.
: xv rnennings. an11 sorne sr, difTcrrr~tthat thry niay
~rrtis!rr!rih 'keeping company with one atioiher' have n difrrrrnt origin (perhaps a Calls. f. in
ttiz Trih. 3zh. J (this is proh, rlne of the places - z - crf to:-) in SP; 'l'iirki; NC: I<lr., I < z x . ;
where a 'I'urkish tranclatiori of n word, and SC l!zb.; N\V lik., Nog.; S\.V Osm., 'I'km.
the next Ar. word, in this case ?nrnstniui(n) have T u r k u ~ I I fT. I Man. (thc foul 1,lirrld pours out
fallen ilrlt of the text). of the corpse) t o z a y l d ~ y u r'\:olatilizcs and
stinks' M I 6, j : Uyg. vrlr ff. Dud. (all the
h l o n . V. DZ- time from their I d i e s ) a l k u t e t ~a d ~ n p g
y ~ dy i p a r t o z n r i i n c r bolt1 'all kinds of
tez- 'to run away, fly'. with some implication fragrant i ~ d o u r svirlatilized and rtrse' T T V ,
irf 'to sr~ccerd in running away, to escape'. p. 20, note A I 17, 1. 3: ( X a k . sr toza:r, toz-
Survives as t e z - l t e s - only(?) in some N E m a : k are errorieously given as the /\or. and
dialects and S W 'I'km., elsewhere displaced Infin. of t o z a r - , (1 v., hut see tozlt-): X w a r .
by kag-. T u r k u vrlr (the Ulue Irkin and a xrv t o z - is 'I'rans. 'to scatter (something) like
few men) t e z i p hard^: 'escaped' I1C 34; neke: dust' I 83: K l p . xrv toz- irrhnrii!n'l-gribrir 'of
t e z e r b l z u k u v t e y i n 'why should we run dust, to he rniscd'; and one says i p a : r ylyrsl:
away brcarlre they are numero~ts?' '1' 38-9; tozcll: 'the stnrll i ~ fniu-k was ~lilTr~srd'(fri.ro)
o.r,. I I E 38, 41 ; T 4 3 : V I I I ff. (a son ant angry Id. 63.
with his parents and) tezlpen bar mi:^ 'ran
away ( f n ~ mhome)' IrkR 58: Man. hl I 7 , 11 t k z - ' t i ) suffer, enclurr', and the like. Alniirst
(tu:I): U y g . vrrr K a r l u k tapa: t c z i p kirti: esclusi~-rl!- K I P . ; sl~rviv's only i r ~N C I<zx,
'he livd in t h r dirertioli of the Karluk and
enterecl (t!ieir country?)' $11. S l o ; 0.0. N I I
- -
and s m i r N\V I n t ~--r r ~ ~,a ~a cI:sw.:
~
ill Ili111-
p r i m 3 s - f i r - fr. an early 1,/1< dinlect. K ~ I ~ .
( b a r - ) ; Sn.: vrrr tf. I h d . t e z d i P P 5 8 , I ; t e z i p sr e r t t t m l u g k a : t6:ztli: 'the nion suffered
b a r d l [lo. 59, 7 ; te:ze:r e:rse:r T T IfIII acutely (snrisn) from thc cold' Knj. 111 182
C.15 (Sanskrit lost); a.o. U III 8, 3: Civ. (to:ze:r, t6:zme:k): s r r r snhorn 'to endure'
t u t u ? k e r i ~ t etezgil 'fly froni disagreements cliiz- Iforr. 34, 20; XI\, toz- fnhnrcz f d . 38;
arld quarrels' T T 1 4 8 ; a.o. do. 141: X a k . X I di5:z- (dcscribcd ns 'with hack vowels')
k e y i k tezdi: 'the deer (etc.) ran away' (farra) pnbnrn do. 48: r v ~ o h a r n7on !nhn!a 'to endure,
KO?. 11 8 (teze:r, tezme:k): x r r ~ ( ? )At. tlli to hc firm' tiiz- Trrh. 22h. t o ; !iiqn wn tnhnrn
y a l r a n c r k e y l r a k ttft teze 'keep away from 'to be nhle to support, tn he firm' toz- do.
a liar, fly from him' 153: K I P . S I V d e z - ( t - ) t q a . I ; irtornorrn ('to he firm') run lnbntn
(sir; described as 'with back vowel') 'to stray' tiiz- do. 511. CJ: Y V fF. t o z - ( - m e c l i ~ etc.)
,
('(ire) that is, of sheep, etc., t o leavc the flock fnhr r t - 7'r fApnt .eiiliir- C'PI. 208 (quotns.);
fd. 48. tiiz- (spelt ' ~ v i t h-u-') ( I ) tnlinrrrirrrrl kordnrt 'to
endurc', alqo tiizlen- Snrr. r 7 3 r 22 (qui~tns.):
tiz- ( d - ) 'to orrange (things) in a row; to string X w n r . srv tiiz- ' t o sufTvr, rndure' Qlitb 185;
(beads)', arid the like. Se~nanticallyclose to Nohc. Sh, 7 : K o m . srv ditto CCI, CCG'; G r
t u z - , q.v., and confused with it in Satl. and 2 5 2 (quotns.).
some modcrn lananages. S.i.a.m.1.g.; d i z - in
N E 1'1zv.; N\V Kk. and SW Osrn.; but in t u z - (d-) a IT. hi~mophonousIV. t u z ; 'to IcvcI,
S i V Az. and T k m . diiz- is used in this sense. straighten, put in order*,arid the like. Survives
Uyg. vllr ff. Bud. (her wonderful white teeth) in SE Tiirki t u z - ; SC Uzh. t u z - ; N W Krlm
yuriig yingii t i z m i ? t e g 'like strung white t i i z - / d u z - ; SW .42., Osm., Tkm. d i i z - ; other
pearls' U IV 30, 51-2: a.o. U 11 47, 75-6 languages use Den. V.s fr. tiiz like t u z e - in
(tuvriik): X a k . XI o l yinqii: tizdi: napama'f- this sense. See tiz-. U ~ ~ . V ff. I II3ud.
I i~lerln
-1ii'lti' 'he arranged the pearls (on a string):; tiizgeli 'in order to put their affairs in order'
similarly for nnznmo'l-knlam 'he put hls fiiien-ts. I gr : X a k . X I b e g 6:ltn tiizdl: mwwa'l-
remarks in (a logical) order' one says s i k z tizdi: -0rni1-11'1-:cileya 'the h q put his province in
KO$. II 9 (tize:r, tizme:k); a.o. II 31, 19- order'; and one says 01 yC:rig tuzdi: 'he
2 1 : KR yingu tizip 4427: XI{(?) KB1'P levelled (strrrr~vi)rhe ground' (etc.) K n f . I1 9
.kamup; b a r q a s l r ~ a b o g u l e r s o z i t i z i p (tuze:r, tuzme:k): K n ('Atirl wa5 the first,
y l n ~ i i l e y i i k a m u g t u b t o z i 'putting in a believing in C+ndand) k o ~ i iti1 l tiize 'ordering
l o ~ i c a lorc!cr the words of the sapes for all his mind and tongue' 51 ; (one takes the sword
people and stringing together like pearls their and) b o d u n u g t i i z e r 'organi;.es the people'
hnsis and origin' I i : Gag. xv ff tlz- diz- Vel. 268; 0.0. 75 (tinile:-) 9 3 , 146,877, 2272, 5151,
188; tiz- tntihrn ha-rijtih (hIS. in crror bar etc.: x ~ v ;liluh, nnzonrn (cf. tiz-) tiiz- ilfcl. 3:,
rinn 'on the hreast') kolin'orr 'to nrrange beads 1 3 : RiJ. I 16 (tnis-<pelt tiir-): Gag. s v ff. tUz-
on a s t r i n ~ ' ;also pronounced t u z - Son. r93v. ('with -ii-')(I) see tRz- ;(2) .~&rtntr~cnrfrrirtn~i'to
13 (quotn.); t u z - ('\\ith -u-') (3) nr~rhroba- rllai\c, put in order, arrange'; ( 0 ) see tiz- Satl.
 , D Z ~ 573
173r. 22(quotns.): Xwar. xrv tiiz- (and mefri Dis. DZG
gratia tiizii-) 'to arrange, set in order' QutB
191; 'to tune' (a lute) MN 22: KIP X I V duz- t u z a k ( ? d - ) 'rrap, snare', and the like.
('with front vowel') na?omn'l-yay' id. 48: (xv S.i.a.m.l.g.;NE?'uv. d u z a k ; N W K k . d u z a k ;
in Trrh. gh. 1 0 rauwd is written in a second SW Az. d u z a g ; 'I'km. d u z a k but Osm.
hand under tSz-): - O s m . xrv ff. diiz- 'to t u z a k ; 1.-w. in I'e., Doer@ I1 962. TiirkU
V I I I ff. IrhB 61 (ilin-): Xak. X I tuzak al-
arrange, put in ordcr, corrcct', ctc.; c.i.a.p.
T T S I z q 9 ; 11352; 111232; I V 268. -fact wa'l-hib~iiatrr'llati y u ~ d dbihi 'a trap or
noose msed in hunting' (verse): t u z a k a word
(kalima) used by a man to his beloved when
Dls. DZA he is complementing her (irtamlahahd); it is
D tiizii: 'all'; pmb. like alku: a Ilev. N./A:, emphasized by attaching -l:, tuzakl: Kay. I
hut the semantic connection with tiiz- 1s 380; 0.0. I 204 (illn-); 425, 19; I 380, etc.
tenuous. Pec. to Uyk. and K B . Uyg. V I I I ff. (ogn:); 111304 (yapsa:-,spelt 1u:za:k); 358,
Man.-A M I 2 8 , 12 (arka:); do. 16 (udrul-): 25 (tu:zak): KB t u z a k k a illnme 'do not get
Man. k l l t l g ~ zedgii tuziike 'you have done caught in the trap' 4824; a.0. 3637 (2 a:g):
good to all' T T III 103 ; 0.0. do. 67-8 (ozgur-), XIII(?)At. 456 (elik): x ~ vMuh. a[-facc tw-
I 5 4 , 1 7 4 7 : Bud. s a v l a r l g b a r q a olarka tiizii za:k Me!. 61, 5 ; Rif. 160 (al-ialaq 'wooden
tiiketi sozledi 'he communicated the state- lock' tu:za:k Rif. 179 is an error for yu:za:k
ment in full (Hend.) to all of them' U II 21, Mel. 76, 8, a medieval word also occurring in
19-20; 0.0. of tiizii tuketi T T X 59-60; PP CCI): Gag. xv tf. tuzagltuzak ddm 'trap'
35, 2-3; 0.0. T T V, p. 14, note A.23, 10; Sun. 175v. 19 (quotn.): X w a r . xrv t u z a k
Ttb 46a. 3 ff. (artuk) Iliien-ts. 162 (tul-) Xak. 'trap' Qirtb 188: K o m . X I V ditto C C G ; Gr.;
X I K B tiizii b a r q a m u g l u g s a g a 'all (Hend., a.0. under ilin- Gr. 106: KIP. xrrr al-farc
creatures) are in need of l'hec' 24; t6riitti tu:zak Hou. lo, 17: xrv tuzak a/-jarak 'snare'
tilek t e g tiizil 'ilami8 'ITe crested the whole fd. 63; nu!.12, 6: xv ditto- Tub. sob. 12; facc
world as fle wished' 125; 0.0. 9 (erkliglik), t u z a k do. 28a. I : O s m . xrv in a verse quoted
31, 827, 2685 (ortgiisiiz), 3815. in T T S II 910 t u z a k 'snare' rhymes with
p z a k for Pe. dcznx 'hell' (as there is no
Dis. V. DZA- rurkish etymology for t u z a k the possibility
of some such foreign origin might be explored,
D tuza:- ( ? d - ) Den. V. fr. tu:z; 'to salt but obviously 'trap' cannot be derived directly
(something)'. Survives in some NE dialects; fr. 'hell').
Tuv. duza-. Cf. tuzla:-. Xak. X I 01 e t
tuza:dl: 'he salted (mallaha) the meat'; used ?D tuzgu: 'a gift of food given to a traveller'.
in place of tuzla:- Ka$. 111263 (no Aor. or not quite syn. w. ertiit or armaga:n. In
Infin.). 'rurkish n.o.a.b., but a 1.-w. in Pe., Mong.,
Dis. DZC and other languages, see Doerfer I1 goo; its
form in these languages makes -u- in the
D tuzql: (?<I-) N.Ag. fr. tu:z; 'salt-maker; first syllable certain; it is therefore perhaps a
salt merchant'; s.i.s.m.1. Uyg. V I I I ff. Dud. Den. N. fr. tu:z, salt being a traditional form
tuzq11a:rtilg suza:kr erse:r 'if it was a of food gift. Xak. XI tuzgu: 'a gift of food-
village of salt-makers' T T VIII C.3 (Sanskrit stuffs' (al-hadiya mina'l-af'ima) brought to a
missing). man who is going on a journey by his neigh-
Dis. DZD bours- acquaintances Kay. I 424; ~ U Z ~ U :
manqu: s6zinmeg 'do not suspect (16 tacunn)
D tiizdem (d-) Hap. leg.?; Den. N./A. con- that a gift of food is (intended as) wages for
noting resemblance. Uyg. v111ff. Bud. (if a (some) task' (ucrafa'l-'amal) I 419, 10: K B
man's mind and knowledge are stable) etozi (all the workmen came and appeared) t a p u g
tiizdem 6tiglig e r i p 'and his body is well- t u z g u birle neg ertiit krllp 'presenting their
proportioned and active' Siru. 594, 1 3-1 s. services, gifts of food and (other) things' 1769:
X w a r . xrv tuzgu 'a gift ' (said to be of money,
Dis. V. DZD- but this seems doubtful) Qutb 183 (tozgu).
D tezit- Hnp. leg.; Caus. f. of tez-. Xak.
XI ~t keyikni: tezitti: 'the dog scared (anfarn) D tozga:k Dev. N. (connoting repeated
the deer' Ka?. I1 305 (tezitii:r, tezitme:k). action) fr. toz-; 'ponder' and the like.
N.0.a.h. Uyg. vtrt ff. Dud. (to tne this whole
D tozut- ( ?t o z ~ t - Hap.
) leg. ; Caus. f. of toz-; great universe is as unimportant as) i g e n
in the MS. of Kay. the second vowel is once -u- tozgakt U III 7 1 , I ;(the Sanskrit original sug-
but otherwise unmarked. N.0.a.b. Xak. xr 01 gests that the meaning is 'the pollen of maize
topra:k tozuttt: ayqapa'l-gubdr rua a!Crahrr cobs'; igen is otherwise unknown and may
'he raised the dust (Hend.)' K ~ J I1 . 305 (VU be a misreading of ekin): Ga& xv ff. tozgak
tozutu:r, tozutma:k): KIP. xlir gahbara (spelt) 'a spherical fungus the size of a small
nrina'l-puhir 'to raise the dust' dozut- (?sic melon (dastanbuh) which grows in the fields;
MS. do:zat- nnd -#it) Norr. 42, 14: xlvpahbarn it has a thin outer skin and its interior is full
translation irrenular toza:ttt:, d o z u d u r m e n , of a soft powdery substance; when the outer
dozdun, and other forms imperfectly vocalized skin is touched it bursts' Son. 175" 22 b e .
Bul.. 66v. the fungus called in English 'puff-ball').
 DIS.
D ~ S .V. DZC- shcrp) tizgin (hlS. u~~r~r~c:nlizc~l with qZf
1 ) tazglr- Ilap. Icg.; Inchr>:~tiveI)cl>. 1'. firr rrtin) t u r u p ~rltrl$li:r 'grr hour~dingoff
fr. ta:z. Xak. xr e r bagl: t a z g ~ r d ~(MS.: (!ntnvcd!nh) in a line' 1 214, 19: xrv 1Zltrlt. 'a
tazgnrdi): 'the man's head was almost bald' string (nazm) of pearls, etc.' t1:zi:g Mef. 84, g ;
(kadn nn yafaqarro) k ; ~ j .11 178 ( t a z g ~ r a : r , H i f . 190 (mis-spclt ti:ri:~): KIP. xv(?) in the
taz@,lrma:k). margin of 7irlr. 341'. h rnnnfrirn 'strung' tizlg,
tizilmiq.
I) t o z g ~ r -Hap. ICE.; Inchoative Tlen. V. fr.
1 to:z. Xak. ur y k r t o z g r r d ~ :'the ground 11 tezgi: IIap. lep.; although this is indexed
wns allilost dust?' ( k d o . . . nn ynAtthh minhri'l- under fo'li it seems to t)e merely tezlg with
-hnhfi'tr'l-mnn!rir) KO$. 11 178 ( t o z g ~ r a : r , 3rd I'ers. Sing. Poss. SuK. al)brcviated. Xak.
tozg1rma:k). ;I one says of a panic (01-hnzdhiz) which
breaks out in a tribe when the enemy apprnach
'Tris. DZG and they fly (nofirti) from them tezgi: boldl:
L) t u z a k q ~ : N.Ag. fr. t u z a k ; 'a trapper'. Kag. 1 4 2 9 .
N.0.a.b. Uye. V I I I ff. Bud. (fowlers, deer-
hunters, fishermen, hunters, netters) t u z a k q ~ 11 tezge:k Ilap. leg.; Uev. NJA. (conrloting
'trappers' PP I , 8; a.o. in a similar list TT repeated action) fr. tez-. Xak. xr tezge:k e r
I V 8 , 56: X a k . xr KB tuzakql is a fairlycom- 'a man who shies away (01-ttnflir) from a task
mon simile for 'this world' 35647, 482) etc.' Knq. 11 289.
1) tuzkrya:(? d - -kriia:) Hap. leg.; Dim. f. of D tizgin (d-) Pass. Ilev. N. fr. tlz-; lit.
tu:z; lit. 'little piece of salt', but used as a term 'arraneed in a row', in practice 'reins'. T o
of endearment. Xak. xr m e p l i g k a r a : tuz- some extent displaced by I.-w.s, hut s.i.s.m.1.
kxya: 'my black.-nioled charnier'(ma1ihn) Knf. in all groups; dlzgin in NW Kk.; SW Osm.
111 359, 8 ; n.m.e. Cf. ti:n, yii$ii:n. Xnk. XI Kny. I 3 3 9 (ti:n);
(the waters of the trihutary pour out and pnsn
T r i s . V. DZG- through the mountains) a r t u q l a n : tegre:
I) tuzgulan- Hap. leg.; Refl. Den. V. 'fr. ilniip tizgin yete:r l~occnloyhiqad nabnta'l-
ruzgu:. Xak. sr 01 maga: t u z g u l a n d ~ : he '-nr'nr $offn(n) ka'crrrnnhtr miqcund faras 'the
gave me a present o' food (etc.)' Kay. III 201 junipers grow round them in rows as if they
(tuzgulanu:r, tuzgu1anma:k). were R horse's halter' (Kay. may be right in
seeing a pun between thls word and the Inst.
Dis. DZG of tizig; but the words seern actually to mean
'their (the waters') poplars grow round and
tezek 'dung'; more specifically 'animal dung'. lead them (as if with) a halter') I 424, 18;
S.i.n.m.l.g. unchanged; I.-w. in Pe. and other n.m.e. but see $etke:n: srtr(?) Tef. tlzgin
languages. see Doerfer I1 902. TIirkii V I I I ff. 'reins' l o r : xrv Illtrh. 01-'intin 'reins' t1:zgin
IrkB 23 (bul-): Xak, XI tezek raz~~~rr'l-farasMPI. 72, 1 ; t&gi:n Rif. 174: Gag. xvff.
'horse dung' K a p I 386 (prov.): F a g . xv ff. tizgln cilnzu-i asb 'a horse's reins', in Ar.
tCzek (spelt) snrgin-i rlneaZbb 'animal dung' ' i n k and zinrdm; in Rlitni cllzgin San. rg4r.
Snn. rgqr. 21 (quotn.): KIP. X I I I ziblu'l-faras :s; a;o. 9zv. 3 (yUgU:n): Xwar. xrv tizgtn
'horse dung' tezek Iiotr. 13, I : xrv tezek 'dry relns Qtrtb 175 (trzfin, error), 180: Kom.
dung' Id. 38; dezek ditto 48: xv cilla 'dung' X I V 'reins' tlzgin C C I ; Gr.: Klp. xrt1 al-'indn
tezek Tub. I ~ b 2; . zihl tezek do. 18a. I 1. tlzgin (misvocalited -gm) Ifotr. 14. 4: xrv
tlzgin 01-soyrti'llodi fi fa'si'l-licdm min cdni-
D tezlg Dev. N./A. fr. tcz-. 0. Klr. 1s ff. boyhi 'the straps which are in the projections
tez1:g k6yikde: a l p m e n 'I am tough among on either side of the bit'; one says a t tlzginin
the flying deer' i W l . 44, 2 (text as in Shcher- tuf nmsihi'l-licam 'take finn hold of the hit'
bak's revised edition): Xak. XI tezig 01-nifzr Id. 38: O s m . X V I I I dizgin in Rtimi 'indn-i arb
bavnn'l-qarcm 'panic in the tribe'; and one says Son. 226r. 27: 8.0. 194r. 24 (Cak.).
teklg kiqi: 'a man who shies away (01-nu@)
from something1 Kay. 1386: KB keyik sSnl S tezglnq See tegzlnq.
d a w l a t klqike tezlg 'luck shies away from
men like a wild creature' 712; t a p u g k a tezig
'shying away from senrice' 3628; a.0. 4760. Dls. V. DZG-
D tezgin- See tegzin-.
U tizig (d-) Dev. N. fr. tiz-; 'a row, line,
string (of pearls)', and the like. S.i.s.m.l.; NE L) ttizger- (d-) Trans. Den. V. fr. tilz:
'Tuv. dizig; SW Osni. dizi. Uyg. V I I I ff. n.0.a.b. See tilzgerinqslz. So spelt in Kay.
Uud, n o m ertinillg kezigde tizigde 'in the in the I'erf., but the Aor. and prob. the Infin.
series(Hend.) of jelvelsof the law' TT V 24,57; have -giir-, which is the Turku form. It
kazlar tlzigi t e g 'like a string of geese' X is unlikely that this is tiizgiir- Caus. f. of
160; y i n ~ l itiztgi teg 'like a string of pearls' tiiz-, which is itself 'I'rans., and the -ii- is
do. 450; 0.0. u 1 2 9 , 9; Sllv. 642, 3-4 (yivlg): prob. due to labial attraction. TiirkU vrrr ff,
Xak. X I tizig 'any row (safi) of things'; one Man. ozierln s a k l a n u a r m tiizgiiril (spelt
says tizlg threk (MS. tdzek) 'a row of poplars' izgiirii) tutzunl[ar] 'let them keep themselves,
(al-hatvr) and bl:r tlzig yincli: 'one string protecting themselves and guiding them~elves
(rtusm) of pearls' Kay. I 387: (the mountain strictly' M 111 38, 5-6 ( i ) : Xak. X I m e n anl:
 D I S . 8V. DZL-
t i i r g e r d l m ~ l t r l n ~ ~ t'I~ rguided
h ~ r him' Kay. ZZ Tkm. rlu:zIl. Xak. X I Kaj. I 2 q (usrt-):
179 (VU tiizgerilrmen, tiizgerme:k). I xiv Muh. a/-tndhh 'salty' tu:zlu: Me[. 56, 5;
66, 4; tu:zluR Rif. 154, 165; (baytu'l-milh 'a
T r l s . DZG salt store' p:Zlug 69, 5 ; tu:zluk 170): (hg.
xv ff. tuzlug/tuzluk namakin wa mdlih 'salty'
D tiizugil n.0.a.b.; presumably ttizii: with Son. 1 7 5 ~25 (quotn.): Xwar. X I V t u z l u a
the Den. ~uffix-Qii: (usually abstract). Uyp. 'salty' Qurb 189: KIP. xrv tuzlu: a/-mFlil,
V I I I ff. Man. k u t koluntllar tlfziigll 'they all
asked for divine favour' T l ' ZZZ 141 ; a.0. do. Id. 63.
98 (amra:-). D tiiziiig P.N./A. fr. t k z ; 'having a root, or
D tizigllg (d-) P.N./A. fr. tizig; 'arranged in origin; originating in', and the like. N.0.a.b.
Tiirkil V I I I ff. Toy. 5-6, etc. (01; Intkz):
lines, in military formation'. N.0.a.b. Uyg.
Uyg. VIII ff. Man. T T 1117, 80-2 (utsuk-);
V l l 1 ff. Bud. SUV.
627, 14-15 (yiviglig). Bud. y6l tijziiig iglerig 'illness originating in
D tiizgerlnqsiz formerly misread as two sepa- wind (or demoniac possession?)' U 1168, 14
rate words tiiz kerin~riz,and discussed at length (ii) a.o.o. ; 0.0. T T V 20, 9 (tiiblUg); 24, 65-
in TTZX, p. 20, notes 7--8; X, p. 15, note 96; 68; VIZZ E. 4 (spelt 26s16g); Smt. 588, 1 ~ 2 0
clearly a Priv. N./A. fr. a Dev. N. fr. the Refl. (tor+): Civ. ~t t o p r a k tbziiig y11 'the Dog,
f. of a Den. V. in -ger-; the suggestion there Earth-element year' T T VZZ 17, 3; a.0. do.
is that it is a Den. V,, more or less syn. w. 17, 17 (see t8:z); sa:rlg tazliig 8u:vsa:hk
tiibger-, fr. t8:z. l'his is semantically un- 'thirst originating from bile' T T VZZZ I. I I ;
convincing; there is no other trace of such 0.0. do. 12; H 139.
a V., while tiizger-, q.v., is well established.
Etymologically the word should mean 'without
being guided', but in practice it corresponds D tizil- (d-) Pass. f. of t i z - ; 'to be arranged
to Sanskrit anuttara 'unsurpassable'; the con- in a row; (of pearls, etc.) to be strung'.
notation is perhaps 'requiring no guidance'. S.i.m.m.l.; dizil- in N E Tuv.: SW Osm.
Uyg. V I I I ff. Man. (you came down to earth Xak. XI yinqti: tizildi: nurim'[-lu'lu' wa'l-
after the four(?) prophets) tiizgerinqsiz -$r the 'pearl was strung, and the poem was
b u r x a n k u t l n b u l t u ~ u z'you have acquired strung together' (sic, cf. tizig-); also used of
the unsurpassable majestic position(?) of pro- things which get in line of their own accord
phet' T T 111 66; 0.0. do. 153, 178; ZX 8 (intatama hi-nafrihi); Intrans. and Pass.
(habitually spelt tiizkerin~sizin Man. Syriac (yata addC ma ld yata'adda) Kay. ZZ 127
script): Bud. the word normally occurs in (tiziliir, tizi1me:k) ; tiimen ~ e q e k tizlldi:
,
the phr. tiizgerinqsiz (ybg or ybg iistiinki countless flowers have come u In rows'
sometimes added here) b u r x a n k u t l trans- (intaiamat) 1233, 26; b u n e g 01 gi:r bi:rke:
lating Sanskrit anuttarasaniyakcambodhi 'un- t1zilge:n (MS. teri1ge:n) 'these things are
surpassable perfect awareness' (or 'knowledge') always arranged in a row (yantazim) one after
T T ZV 12, 57; V 20, 10; VZ223, 305; X 96; the other' 1.523; 0.0. 1 3 3 1 , 1 ; 111 131, 21:
tiizgerincsiz t u y m a k 'unsurpassable aware- KB 74 (titir): Gag. xv ff. tizil- ba-riylih
ness' VZ 137; tiizgerinqsiz b u r x a n yo11 'the kasida sudan 'to be arranged on a strine' " Son.
unsurpassable way of the Buddha' VZ 118. I&. i7(quotns.); and see tiizUl-.
T r l s . V. DZG- D tiiziil- (d-) Pass. f. of tiiz-; sunrives in S C
D tezek1e:- Den. V, fr. tezek; s.i.s.m.l. for Uzb. tuzul- (sic), but most modern languages
use instead tiizel- Pass. f. of tUze- (not an
'to manure (the ground)'. Xak. X I a t early word) Den. V. fr. tiiz. TUrkU vrrr
tezek1e:di: 'the horse (etc.) defecated' (rdja) (settling in the Otiiken mountain forests)
Kaf. IZZ 340 ( t e z e k l e r , tezek1e:me:k). tavgac bodun birle: tiiztiltlm 'I lived on
equal terms (or the like?) with the Chinese
Dis. DZL people' I S 4-5, 11N 3: Uyg. vrrt ff. Bud.
D tlzlig (d-) P.N./A. fr. ti:^; 'having knees'. tiiziilmigke tegiirdeci kiini yorlg 01 'it is
N.0.a.b. Tlirkii vrrr I E 2, 11 E 3, etc. (1 upright behaviour which brings (a man) to
bagllg). equability' U I 35, 2-3 (Suv. 524. 3-4); 0.0.
Suv. 137. 12; lfuen-IS. 2053: Civ. tijrt y l ~ e k
D 1 to:zlug P.N./A. fr. 1 to:z; 'dusty'. tiiziilti 'the four quarters were set in order'
S.i.s.m.1.; SW Osm, tozlu. U y g V I I I ff. Civ. T T 1121 ; a.0. do. 137: Xak. X I y&r tiiziildl:
tozlug tupra:klag (sic) [gap] 'dusty, earthy' 'the ground was levelled' ( s w i y a t ) ; and one
TT VIZZ 1.18. says 1:g tiiziild~:'the affair was in good order'
D 2 to:zlug Hap. leg.; P.N./A. fr. 2 to:z; (istaglimn) Kay. I1 127 (tiiziiliir, tiizii1me:k);
'firmly wrapped in birch-bark', i.e. sound and 3.0. I 1 71, 13 (tutug-): K B aJun enqke tegdl
serviceable. Xak. XI o p r a k yaslkdln to:zlug tliziildi tarii 'the world attained peace, the
ya: q1ka:r 'a well-wrapped how (al-qawsu'l- customary law was properly organized' 103;
-inacl~iza)comes out of a shabby quiver' Kay. 0.0. 60 (tadu:); 5951 (bulgailuk): gag.
ZZZ 16, 25; n.m.e. xv ff. ttlzill- (spelt) ( I ) muntazam pda 'to be
arranged in rows' ( ? Sec. f. of tizil-); (2) kiik
D tu:zlug (?d-) P.EU'./A. fr. tu:z; 'salty'. iudan slia 'of a musical instrument, to be
S.i.m.m.l.; S W Az. d u z l u ; Osm. tuzlu; tuned' Son. 174v ro (quotns.); (tiizel- similar
 n ~ e a n i n ~I s~ + v2 .(quotns.)): X w a r . slv tiiziil- Dls. DZM
'to he arranged, set 111 order' Qtr~b192: (Kip. I) tizim (d-) N.S.A. fr. tiz-; 'rrnr., lirle, string
x ~ vtiizel- (sic) istorin' 'to be equal, level, in (nf pearls, etc.)', and the Ilk?. S.i.s.ln.l.,usually
good order' Id. 39: s v in/n;omn tuzen-, in for 'a liqt (of thinps)'; NIV I<k. tlizim. Xnk.
margin In second hand tiizel- Zrh. 5b.6). xr 'a qtring (noznr) of pearls' is called bi:r
I) taz1a:- (d-) Hap. leg.; Den. V, fr. ta:Z.
tizim yincii: K[rf. I 3 y h : KIP. xlv diiziim
Xnk. sr 01 ani: tnz1a:di: 'he ascribed hnld- (sic) 'a s r r i n ~ '(01-nmnttint) nf ~)c:~rls
and the
ness (qnrn') to him, and called him bald' like; one savs bir dtizUm 'orle stri~lg'I d . 48
(oqro') Kaf. III 293 (tazla:r, taz1a:mn:k). (one hlS,has dizlm in I)uth places).
I ) tizme: ((I-)I>cv. N. fr. t i z - ; s.i.s.~n.l.,hut
I) tiz1e:- (ti-) Ilap. Irp. ?; Den. V. fr. ti:z. Not not in this prccise sense. Xak. sr tizme: 'the
to be confused with t6zle:-, a R~imiword waistband of trousers' (nnyJoqolrr'l-sordcuil);
meaning 'to hurry' in Son. 194r. 18 which is a anti anything like it, for exanlple the top (fa's)
Den. V. fr. Pe., tCz. Xak. xr bugra: e r i g of a leather bag, which is made like a waistband
tizte:dl: 'the camel stallion knelt (baroka) on and has a string inserted in it and drawn tight
the lnan while rutting (Ji gnlnmntihi) and
crushed him (da2otohu) with its knees'; also KO?. 1433.
used of anyone who kneels (cold) on something Dis. DZN
and crushes it k'nf. 111 293 (tizle:r, tiz1e:- 11 tiizii:n (d-) Intrans. ]lev. N./A. fr. ttiz-;
me:k). 'self-controlled, well-hehaved, gentle', and the
I) tuz1a:- (?d-) 1)en. V. fr. tu:z; 'to salt like; not to be confused with tiiztini: Acc. of
somet thin^)'; s.i.a.m.l.g. w. some phonetic tuzii:; n.o.a.b. Tiirku vlrr ff. Man. 01 tlizlin
changes; S\V Az. duzla-; 'l'km. du:zla-, but e r 'that well-l3ehaved man' IM 1 5 , 12: Uyg.
Osni. tuzln-. Xak. sr 01 e t tuz1a:dl: trnns- vlrr ff. (R1nn.-A tuziin b a r 9 1 'nll' is a scribal
lated 'he salted (t~rollol~o)the cooking pot, the error for tiizil: il.1 1 2 8 , 25): hlnn. biligligim
meat, etc.'. Kng. 111 293 (tuzla:r, tuz1a:mn:k); tiiziiniim y n r u k u m 'tny wise, well-behaved.
a.0. 111 263 (tuza:-): Klp. xrv tuzla- ,nailaha bright one' M II 8, I I : Bud. tiiziln is corn-
fd. 63; rnnllo?~otuzlat- but other conjugn- mon both by itself nnd in phr. like edgU
tional forms duzla- and duzlat- Bttl. 81 v.: xv tiiziln 'good and well-bchaved' U I11 34, 3
nmlloIra fuzul- corrected in margin to tuzla- (ii), a n d tiiziin yava$ edgti 'well-behaved,
Trrh. 3jh. 6. peaceable and good' T?' IV 1 0 , 15-16 etc.; it
is commonest in the ~ h r .tiiziinler 0211
D tizlet- (d-) Hap. leg,; Caus. f. of tide:-. tiiziiler klzl, L'. G.'s translation in T T V I
Xak. xi 01 tizletti: ne:gnl: 'he ordered that 146 and elsewhere suggests that the conno-
the thing should he crushed by kneeling on tation here in '\veil-horn' rather than 'well-
it' (hi-dagti'l-joy' bi'l-rtrkba) Koi. II 342 (tiz- behaved', but this is not etymologically
letu:r, tfz1etme:k). justifiable; Sanskrit dryomargo 'the noble path'
(Bud. technical term) tozijn yo1 (sic, but the
D tuzlat- ( ?d-) Caus. f. of tuz1a:-; s.i.s.m.l. spelling in this text is eccentric, ortiil- is spelt
Xnk. xi 01 e t tuzlattl: 'he ordered that iirtiil- in the same line) T T VIII A.15: Civ,
the Ineat should be salted' (bi-tnmlil~)KUJ.II agnukr tliziinler tortisin 'the customary Ialv
3.12 (tuzlatu:r, tuz1atma:k): (KIP. xrv see of well-conducted people of earlier generations'
tuz1a:-). T?' VII 30, 2: Xak. X I tiizii:n al-llalfm
D tizlin- (d-) I$.@. leg.; Refl. f. of tlzll-. 'gentle, considerate' Kaf. I 414 (prov.); a.0.
Xak. sr yinyii: tlzlindi: 'the pearls (etc.) 1 221, 18 (snme prov.): KW (the I'rophet)
were strunp'(inlaea?~ra)h-op. 11 243 (tizlinii:r, tiiziin e r d i 'was gentle' (modest, etc.) 43;
tiz1inme:k). 0.0. 107, 1659: XIII(?)At, u l u g boldukugra
tiiziin bolup 'as you come to manhood become
D tuzlan- (?d-) Rcfl. f. (often used as Pass.) better behaved then ever' 355: ~ I VMtrh.(?)
of tuzla:-; s.i.s.n1.l. Xak. X I e t tuzlandl: al-!~alim (opposite to 'spiteful' 6qge:l) tii:zii:n
'the meat was salty' (tnmallalro) Kaj. 11 243 Rif. 1 5 1 (only); Rbi.ditto R I11 1584(quotns.):
(tuzlanu:r, tuz1anma:k): qag.xv ff. tuzlan- X w a r . s r ~ r ( ? )ditto 02. 314 (uk-), 324-5.
namaknid fudan 'to be salted' Son. 174v. 18.
Dis. V. DZN-
D tiizliin- (d-) Refi. f. of tiiziil-; n.0.a.b.
Xak. xr tifzliindi: y6:r 'the ground (etc.) was D tezin- Hap. leg.; Refl. f. of tez-. Xnk. xr
levelled' (sutumiyat), a variant (11tfa) pf tUzii1-; 01 t e z i n d ~ : 'he pretended to run away'
similarlv one says 1 : ~tiizliindi: the affair (yahrob) Kag. I1 146 (teziniir, tez1nme:k).
(etc.) was in good orderlKnp. I1 243 (tiiztlinli:r, D tizin- (d-) Hap. leg. ?; Refl. f. o,f tiz-. Xak.
tiiz1iinme:k); 8.0. 1349, 13 (tegi:). XI ura:gut y i n ~ i i : s i n tfzindl: the woman
strung (tru;n~not) her own pearls' Kng. 11 146
Tris. DZL (tiziniir, tizinme:k).
D tizildiiriik (d-) Hap. leg.; Dev. N. (Conc.
N.) fr. tlzil-. Xak. xr tizildiiriik fullis Tris. IIZN
rrr'tisi'l-strff 'stnall coins (sewn) on the toes of D tiiziinliik (d-) A.N. fr. tUzii:n; 'gentleness'
slippers' Kaf. I 529. and the like. N.o n.h. Xak. X I kazgan o11q
 II
D I S . V. D Z g -
tiiziinliik 'my dear t o y , acquirc gentleness' Dis. DZS
(ol-/zilm) K ~ JI .I 2 5 0 ~ 4tiiziinliikin
; kaylgtlm 1) tiizsiz (d-) Hap. leg.?; Priv. N./iZ.fr. tiiz;
ofofiri 'olayhi hi-lrilmi 'I sympathized with 'disorderly, undisciplined'. 'I'iirkii V I I I 1 E 6,
hirn in my ~ e n t l e n e s s ' I I 1188, 2 1 ;n.m.e.: K H 11E 6 (iiqiin).
tiiziinliik is included w i t h a m u l l u k , oriigliik,
ctc. in a list of desira1)le qualities in 326;
tUziinlUk bile s e n keqUr a y kiisiig 'pardon Dis. V. DZQ-
rrie in your 0 my heart's desire' D tezig- Ilap. leg.; Rccip. t.
of tez-. X a k .
1 1155.
Dls. V. DZR-
xr olu:r ikki: tezigdi: tiley two were
scared of one another' (tantI/arZ) Koy. I1 99
(tezigii:r, tezigme:k).
I
I
1) t a z a r - (d-) Hap. leg.; Intmris. Den. V. fr.
ta:z. Xak. XI tazardl: ne:g 'the thing
D tizig ((1-) Hap. leg.; Recip. f. of tiz-; for
hecame bald' (mqorro'a) Kay. I1 77 (tazaru:r, the translation cf. tizil-. Xak. xr 01 m e n i g
tazarma:k). birle: y i n ~ i i :tizigdi: 'he competed with me
D to:zar- Intrens, Den. V. fr. to:^; 'to be in stringing (fi nazm) pearls' o r (in stringing
dusty, turn to dust'; s.i.s.m.1.; SW Osm. together) verses; also used for helping Kag. II
I tozar-. Xak. xr to:z to:zardl: so!a'a'l-hob5 loo (tlzigii:r, tizigme:k).
'the dust spread in every direction' Kay. III

I 186 (in a Chap. for V.s with three Consonants;

to:za:r, to:zma:k, error due to haplogrophy
in Aor.).
D tUzer- (d-) IIap. leg.; Intrans. Ilen. V. fr.
D tiiziig- (d-) IIap. leg.?; Co-op. f. of tiiz-;
for the reasons stated under tiiziil- the scribe
vocalized the Aor. and Infin. tiizey- in the
MS. X a k . xr 01 m a g a : yC:r tiiziigdi: 'he
helped me to level (fi tomciyn) the ground'
tiiz. Xak. XI y&r tiizerdi: 'the ground was (etc.); also used for competing Kay. I1 99
level' (istomof) k-08. 11 77 (tiizerifr, tlizer- (tUziigU:r, tiiaii$me:k; see above).
me:k).
 I N I T I A L V E L A K PLOSIVE
h l o n . GA
kn: Prelinlinnry nnte. I'on G'. pcnr ~ r odortbt
in 'I'T S,p.
rielit it1 r~~.~:.r,sti~r,q thnt kn: in
the phr. ka: k a t l a ~ rs n I.-ru. fr. Chinese ka:- IInp. I r r . ; the n ~ o l - p l ~ o l o ~ icr,nrtt.cfinn
cal
chia y(rrrtil~"(I'rrlle~blnnk, ~llirl~lle
Clrirrese kn; with kn:la:- is ohscurr. Y n g m a : X I 01 c ~ i q k e :
Gilcs 1.139). K a ~ . ' s etymology of k a d a g is ntug ka:tlr: ' h r henpcd (n?~nfln) firr\vr~od
therr/ore dcmoirstroblv rvrorrg, and the question round the cook in^ pot'; one also s : ~ y ? 01
t o : n u g ka:tl~: 'he pncltcd ('nbhd) the g:~rtnent
nriser n.1retht.r the word ka: 'cessrl' rcos not
infir tlie cuphotrrd'; thc rnore corrcct fortn
invented to jrrsfiJ?, this /alse etjmolog~'. ICa$. i s (01-ofSn1r) is ka:ln:d~: I<(IS. I11 240 (kn:r,
the only crrlt/rorify for the word, and it seenrs ka:mn:k).
likely that if it rrcllly existed it, too, roas n
Chiriere I.-w., but tlrrrp is no o6viorrs origin *ko:- See k o p , ko:d- ;ko:n-.
for it.
M o n . Gn
I: 1 ka: ' f ~ ~ m i l ysee
' ; above. Found only in the
k a : b properly 'a lcnther bag, water-skin, sack';
phr. ka: k a d a s , which is n.0.a.b. 'I'heevolution
of this phr. into k a b k a d a g , also n.o.a.b., is sntnetimes more taguely 'vessel, cr~ntniner'.
odd and perhaps due to the false etymology S.i.a.m.l.g., usually as k a p , with srrlnc ex-
rncntioncd ahove. It should be noted that both tended n l e a n i n ~ slike 'the cover, o r hindinR
elements in the phr. ore declined separately. (of a book)'. I,.-\v. in I'c. ctc., Durrfer I 1 1
I l y a . vIlr ff. Bud. k a k a d a q 'faniily and kins- 1364. Cf. 2 Ita: and see 1 ka:. U y a . vrlr ff.
men' is conilnon, e . ~ k. n k a d a g o g u l k l z e d Civ. y a r r n l k n b b o r 'half a sl<ili of wine'
t a v a r 'family and kinsnlcn, sons and daughters, USp. I , 3 ; 0.0. do. I , 5; 4, r ff.; 10, 6 etc.;
nlo\able property, and lilestock' U 1116, 2 (i); S a k . SI ka:b nl-ziqq 'witie-skin': k a : b al-zarj
k a l n r n k a d a $ ~ r n l ndo. 36, 35; k a s i k a d a g t 'a vessel' nnd any container (rrf-rai'&) is cslled
S I I ~ .5., 7 ; a.o.o.: Civ. k a k a d a g k n t n r t l n g u q ~ kn:b, just as in Ar. nl-fnrs (R1S. 01-f(rros)
b o l u r 'he bccomcs closely attnchvd to his nlcans propcrly 'to hrcak the tlcck' but 1s also
family and kinsmen' TT V I I 37, 13 (note k a uscd more genernlly for 'to Itill': kn:b 'tlie
not declined); in the provisions in commercial caul' (01-#in; RIS. a/-'irs) it1 which the child
documents prohibiting relatives from 01)jectinji i s ~ v r a p p c d in the wonih, and (sotnetimes)
to an agreen1ent one typical list i s eqim i n i m born i n ; such a chiltl is reckoned fortunate
k n m k a t l a ~ r l n ' m yelder and younjierbrothers, (01-mirbr?rrrk) and is called k a : b l ~ go g u l : ka:b
'a kinslnan', nlctaphorically (01-q(rri6 'a12
my family and relations' USp. 107, 11; 108,
11; I 10, 9-10: X a k . S I KB (a mnn must asso- [ariqi'l-isti'cirn); one says 01 n l e n i ~birle:
ciate) k a b (sic in RISS.) k n d a ~ l a rb i l e 3209; ups: ka:b o l 'lie is m y kiris~narl'as if he was
a.o. 3213: Z I I I ( ? ) l'ef. kkab kacjaglmnl (sic) born i n the snrne corltaincr ( ~ a r f ) III
'my family and kinsli~en';k n b l k a d n q l n l 198: 146; about a dozcn o.o., mostly translated
X w a r . xlv k a b k a d a g t m Q ~ t b126. 01-zrrrj: KB 3209 (1 kn:): X I I I ( ? )Tef. 19s
(1 kn:): xrv 11Flrh. nl-&l(if "sheath' k a : b Afrl.
IF 2 ka: 'vessel, container'; see ahove. 40, 3 ; Rij. 129; gi~ndrr'l-snjf 'sword scabbard'
N.o.n.t,. Cf. kn:b. X i ~ k sr . ka: a/-parf rca'l- k111:q ka:b~:7 1 , 5 ; 173; qifru'l-.rofnb 'the bark
-rri'd ' A vessel o r container' hut used only for of a tree' kn:b 7X, 7 ; 182: c n a . s v ff. k a b 'a
vessels contnining Iiquids; hence one says vessel' (-or/) in general, and 'a wine-skin'
ka: k n p : qnrf rra rri'ti as a I-Iend. IGy. III 21 I (nrra~l-i lafnri) in particular Son. 265r. 7;
(followed by a para. on -ka: ns the Dot. Suff.); k a b k n q a k 'vessel'; k a h is used by itself in
(under tii:deg) hence (i.e. hy using the Suff. this sense, hut k a p k is used only in the Hend.
-deg) one says k a d a g for 'brother, kinsman' do. 2 6 5 ~ .7: X w a r . xlv Q1tt6 126 (1 ka:)
(li'l-nx rcn'l-qnrib); the base is ka: and - d a g K o m . X I V 'sack' x n p CCG; Gr.: KIP. xlrr
is attached to it, the meaning is that both 01-wi'd k a b Tlor(. I;, 5 : xlv k a b nl-qi~rId.
relatives come from the same vessel (zarf) that 67; k a w 'the thin skin (01-qi$r) which a snnke
is their mother's womb I 407; 8.0. 111 238 sloughs' do. 76: Osm. x v ~k a v 'a sloughed
(ka:ga:). snake's skin', in one text TTS II 601.
k c Exclamation; Atalay in A-a?. III 212, note k a p / k l p a n alliterative Prefix to Adjs.,
says that it is still uscd in Anatolia. X a k . XI mainly of ctrlour, indicating intensity;
k ~ exclamation
: (1tarft~"l-nidd)corresponding to s.i.a.~n.l.g. Cf. 1 a p . Uyg. vr11 ff. Bud. (to a
the (Ar.) yli'lr'l-nid(i; hence one says k ~ berii:
: dying man the sun sccnls) k a p k a r a 'quite
k e l 'hi! come here'; pronounced with a very dark' '1" 111, p. 26, note 5 , 10; k n p k a r a
lonp vowel ( ? ; yumndd baynn'l-q$ wa'l-ciirr) t i l n l e 'on a pitch black niaht' do., p. 28, note
Kni. I11 212 (follox\-ed by a para. o n -k:: 71, 3 : 'Xak. XI K R (the partridge's) k a y k a p
ns nrl ntfectionntc Suff. a t r a c h ~ dto terms of k a r a bro\\rn nrc quite black' 76: XIII(?)T e f .
k a p k a r a 198: XIV Muh. ~adidtc'l-sawdd'pitch fortune(n1-darulo) to his servant' 1 3 2 0 . z ~ :KB
.
hlack' k a p kara: . . gndidu'l-lrtrmra 'bright the word is spclt k i v ~and precedes k ~ t the
contexts indicate that thc author took it to
;
red' k l p klzrl Mrl. 68, 4-6; NiJ 168: g a g .
xv ff. k a p k a r a siydh-i ma11d 'pure t)lackq mean 'ficlcle' e.g. k u v e n m e k ~ v rk u t k a kut-
Son. 265v. l o (quotn.): k ~ pk i r m ~ z isum-i l u g kigl '0 fortunate Inan, do not rely on
rnollp 'purc red' do. z93r. 9: X w a r . xrrr(?) fickle fortune' 668; 0.0. of krv1 k u t 1045,
k n p k n r a OJ. 300; RIP ktzil do. 166: KIP. 1332; Chap. xx ( w . 1045 ff.) is headed k u t
x r ~ r aswad ?nalik 'pitch black' k a p kara:; krvtltgtn d a w l a t Irselllkin bayHn k t l u r
ahmar qzni' 'deep red' k ~ kp 1 ~ 1 IIotr.
l 31, 5 : 'describes the fickleness (Hend.) of fortune
xrv k a p kara: nl-jadid11'1-razudd; k l p ktzrl (IIend.)': Xwar. xrv m e n i y a n d u r s a kan-
a!-~arlidu'l-?iumra fd. 68: xv (they say) /i tn'- d u r s a k t v l n ~(glossed fal~wa)'if he fires me,
kidi'l-/~umra'to emphasize redness' klp ktzll, and satisfies (my) desires' (sic) Qrrtb 149.
and to emphasize blackness k n p kara: Kav. 5 , VU ko:b Hap. Icg.? Xak. XI onc says 01
9 ; to odd emphasis, as in the Ar. words a ~ a d d
.
and ohyon you can say . . n e k ~ p kizll d l r
menl: kijriip ko:b k11d1: 'he was dcliyhted
(Izo~rauma'rfdhd) when he saw me' Kaf. 111
b u and n e k a p k a r a d i r b u 7'1th. 8ja. 6. I 19.
1 ka:v 'tinder'; s.i.a.m.l.g. in a wide variety of k o p when qualifying n V. connotes cotn-
forms:- k a v , k a w , ko:, ku:, k a g , kog. prehensive action; when qualifying an Adj.
L.-w. in PC. etc., D o ~ ~ f c111 r I 542 Xak. X I means 'thoroughly, conlpletely'; when qualify-
ka:v 'the tinder' (a[-l~rirrr7gn)which is ignited ing a N. rrleans 'all'; v. G. A T G , para. 302
with a strike-a-light' Kap. I11 155: Gag. xv fr. suggcsts that this is a Ger. in -p fr. *ko:-,
k a w 'wood elthered under trees and prepared adducing in support the longer Ger. f. k o p a n
and madr into tintler'(pr7da) which is ignited read by Radloff in T 36, but neither photo-
with a strike-a-light; in Ar. htrrrdqn and in graph nor squeeze show any sign of the - a n
Pe. bi,a Syn. 279r. 12 (quotn.): X w a r . xrv there; the theory is possible, but semantically
k a w (sic) tlndcr' Qutb 136: Kom. X I V 'tin- unattractive. Not noted later than &f. Cf.
der' k o w (sic) C C I ; Gr. : KIP. xrrr a[-gi/tin barga:, kbp, etc. T i i r k u vrrr k o p occurs
'tindcr' ka:w HOII.17, 17: XIV k a w al-glifa'n about 20 times in I , II and T, e.g. (to the far
which is ignited with a strikc-a-light; also used east, west, south, and north) anda: iqrekf:
for al-!tarrZq Id. 76: xv ?~arrdq(I'U) k 0 l'uh. bodun k o p maga: koru:r [era:] 'within
132. 9. these limits the peoples all looked to me' (i.e.
2 ka:v in the phr. ka:v ko:v, a quasi-onoma- obeyed me) I S 2, II N 2 ; anqa: b o d u n k o p
& d i m 'all these people I thoroughly organ-
topocic; n.o.a.h. Xak. xr if a garment is ized' I S 2-3; t o r t b u l u ~k o p yagl: e r m i g
wrinklcd (inzazud) and torn (inxaraqa; MS. 'the people of the four quarters were com-
inharaqa) i ! ~the tailoring one says to:n ka:v
ko:v bold:: Kaj. I11 129 (the main entry is pletely hostile' I E 2, II E 3: vlrr ff. (in the
third year) k o p esen tuke:l k8rii:gmig 'they
ko:v): onc says to:n ka:v ko:v bold^: 'the gar-
all met one another safe and sound' ZrkB 15;
ment was shrunken (i?lqabnda) and wrinkled
0.0. do. 15, 29; (if a man wears this stone)
owing to bad tailoring' I I I 1;s (main entry kopka: u t g a y 'he will be successful in every-
ka:v).
thing' (and whatever work he undertakes)
F 3 knv. I.-rv. fr. Chinese ko 'one-tenth of a koprda:?] 1gi: yor1:k bolgay 'his work will
pint' (Pullcyhlnnk, Middle Chinese Rap; Giles be completely satisfactory' Toy. 17-20 ( E T Y
3,947 6,056). N.o.a.b. Uyg. vlrr ff. Bud. (in I1 58): Man. (if me have said) edgfig a n i g a g
a list of things which might be used dis- k o p t e g r i y a r a t m i g o l 'got created good and
honestly in t r a d i n ~ :I>alances, scales, feet and evil, both of them' Chtias. 127-8; k o p k a n k a
inch measures) g6g k a v 'pints and one-tenth bulganmrg 'completely saturated with blood':
pints' U I1 77, 25; 86, 43; Suv. 125, 9. M 1 6 , 6: Uyg. vrrr ff. Man.-A k o p y e r d e
a q g e m g e k kortiikin 'having experienced
S 4 kn:v Scc kn:b 1<1p.,Osm. grievous sufferings in all places' M 1 9 , 5-6:
k ~ pSce kap. Man. (may he protect us) kop a d a d a t u d a d a
'in all dangers (Hend.)' M 111 36, 4 (iii);
k ~ practically
v syn. w. k u t and nearly always k o p t l n s i g a r 61 u l u g l a r ~ g keztigiz 'you
used in association with it; originally proh. have traversed realms and countries in every
'divine favour', hence, more vaguely, 'good direction' T T I11 60: Bud. k o p k a m a g edgii
fortune'. N.0.a.b. TUrku vlrr K, Man. (the bUtmeki bolur 'it is that all (IIend.) good
five gods are) kut: k t v ~'divine favour (Hend.)' things are achieved' T T I l l , p. 30, note 131, 3;
.
(. . to all on this earth) Chuas. 45-6: Uyg. k o p t o r l u g a g t r t s u y 'all kinds of grievous
sins' I V 12, 39; 0.0. do. 14,64; V24, 51-4;
~ I I ff.
I Man. (may he give) k u t klv kiiq b a s u t
divine favour (Hend.), strength, and help' 40, 96; V I I I K.9; U 11129, 2-3 (I$-); Stto.
M I11 42, 15 (ii); a.0. M I1 5, 3-5 (ii) (b6gii- 92, 19-20: Civ. kop iglg 'all your affairs' T T I
len-): Bud. k u t t k1v1 USp. 102, 26; a.o. W 148, 156: Xak. xr k o p barf m1bdIa8:a too
I V lo, 51 (qo:g): Xak. XI klv al-hast wa'l- ta'kid 'a particle giving emphasis'; hence one
-dnwla 'good fortune' Kq.! 332; nnln k u t luv says ogul k o p bedii:di: 'the boy has grown a
tom: (MS. tori:) tugdt: and so the dust of great deal (gdyata(n)) bigger', and k o p edgli:
good fortune (Hend.) rose' 1301, z ; k u t l t ~ v l g ne:g 'an extremely (rzddo(n))good thing' Kay.
b6rse: i d l m ku:llgn: 'if my 1,ord gives good 1319.
ko:v 'hackbiting, persecution', and the like; (rlur,tns.); kop- ('with -p-')bur xtistrrn 'tu rise,
first noted a s helow, hut see kov1a:- ('l'iirkii). stand up' Son. 281 v. 18 (quotns.): Xwnr. xrv
Cf. kov-. KIP. xrv ko:w 01-gil~o'backbiting' kop- 'to stand up' Qutb 137; h f N 246; 'to get
Id. 76. up' (at night to pray) Nohc. 318, 7: Korn. xrv
>Ton. V. CB- 'to risc' kop- CCI, CCG; Cr. ZOO (quotnn.):
Kip. xrfr !iim minn'l-!nrunrCn 'to rise' kop-;
1 kap- 'to grasp, or seize, with the hands, and one says of duqt rising do:z koptt:; and
teeth, ctc.'; s.i.a.m.1.g. Tiirkii v~rrff. (a falcon, one says kop- of a limb which lraves its posi-
saying 'there IS a hare') te9ri:din kodt: . . . tion nnd is dislocated (infnkko); similnrly
kaprni:g 'sn-onped doivn from the sky (and when R 111~1)stnnds up (qCrrrn), and when a man
triccl) to catch it' Irk13 44: Uyg. V I I I ff. Hud. rises nnd stands erect (!riro rcn nnhn</n qA'i-
an1 iiciin m e n i k a p ~ pBltdi 'he has therefore mn(n)) Ilnrt. 39, 5 : xIv kop- inho'n!o 'to rise'
seized me and carried me o'ff' U I11 69, 26 ff.: as in toz koptl: 'the dust rosc'; and in the
Xak. XI e r to:n knpdt: the man snatchcd Kitfib Ilo\~lilzkop- irtnjo'o 'to risc, I)e cx;~ltcd'
(roloso) the gnrtncnt' (etc.); and one says Id. 67; irtofo'o (of dust and thc like) kop-
oRla:ntp y6:l kapdl: o$(iba'i-pabi so:fa ntrl. zhv.: xv qnhbo 'to stand up' kop- Trrh.
wrina'l-cinn 'dernoniacal possession took hold of 30% I r : O s m . srv ff. kop- 'to rise, appear',
the boy'; also used of the wind when it blows etc.; c.i.a.p. T7;S 1 483; II 649; 111 475;
away (hahbn!) a yarnlcnt and the like Kay. 114 I V 539.
(kapa:r, kaprna:k); several 0.0. generally
translated ixtolam 'to steal, take stealthil~': kov- ( ?ko:v-) n V. homophonous w. k o : ~ ,
KB 61ro (uzegu:): xrv Mtrh. ixtatafa to q.?; 'tn follow, pursue, chase', and the like
snatch away' ka:p- Mel. 20, I ; 22, 4; Rif. 99 with some extendcd meanings, e.g. 'to perse-
(kap-), 102: Gag. xv ff. k a p - ('with -p-') cute'. S.i.rn.rn.l. in a widc range of forms in-
'to seize (robtidon) with the hands, or grasp cluding k ~ and - k o g - ; in S W Osrn., Tkm.
(giriflon) with thc teeth', of a dog and the like kov-; although the vowel is short in Tkm.,
Son. 2 6 3 ~ .9 (quotn.): Xwar. xrv k a p - 'to Kog.'s alternative form ko:v- is prob. the
seize, krasp' Qr~tb 126: Klp. ~ I I I.ratfa 'to origins1 one. Xak. X I ~t keyrkni: k o v d ~ :'the
snatch away' kap- Hotr. 35, 19: xrv ditto fd. dog chnscd (!ororlo) the wild game'; also used
67; Bul. 43v.: s v ditto Kac!. 9. 3; 75, 8 ; Trrlt. of anyone who pursues (tarodo) something
15a. 4: O s m . sv kap- 'to snatch away'; in and f<)llowsin its tracks Kas. I1 16 (kovn:r,
one text TTS I V 466. kovma:k): e r a t t n ko:vdt: 'the man drove
(siiqa) his horse and pursued it'; also used of
2 *kap- See kapak, knple, kapga:. anything else k-of. 111183 (no Aor. or in fit^.):
kepga:k.
K B (the fighting man) laqln kug k o v a r t e g
*kav- See kavlr-, kavlg-, etc. t a k e r k a n l n r ~'hunts them like a falcon and
sheds their blood' 2381: srrr(?) Tef. ~ O V -'to
kop- 'to risc'; prob. originally in the sense of hunt' (deer) 215 (~IIV-):Gag. xvff. k a w -
'to rise in the air', but KO$. also translates it, (sic)lkawla- rdndoir zoo drir kardan 'to pursue,
like tur-, hy qiimn 'to stand up, rise in one's drive away', in Ar. tnroda Son. 278r. 17
place'. Survives in SE Tiirki; NW Kar. L., T. (quotns.): Xwnr. x ~ vka:w- (sic) 'to pursue,
and, with extended meanings, in SW Osm. drive'; kov- ditto Qutb 136, 141: Kip. xrv
Cf. 1 ak-, un-, tur-. T u r k i i vrrr ff. (a falcon kow- talobo hi-cnhd 'to pursue,vigorously' Id.
went hunting river birds) utru: t a l i m kara: 76: xlv po!roto ininn'l-yiltrita to importune'
ku$ kopu:pan barmi:$ 'a predatory eagle (kowala-1) kow-(ltllen-) Tith. 21b. 9: O s m .
flew up to meet it' IrkU 43: Xak. XI e r xrv kov-, occasionally spelt keg- 'to pursue';
yoka:ru: kopdl: 'the Inan rose (qdmo) from c.i.a.p. 7'TS I 488; 11 654; 111 480; I V
his place'; and one says tiipi: kopdl: 'the 544
wind rose' (Itohhot); 2nd k u kopdl:
~ 'the hird ])is. Gn.4
(ctc.) rosc in the air' (noltodo) Kay. 11 4
(kopa:r, kopma:k); about 10 0.0. translated kaba: 'thick, protruding', and the like, esp.
qznra, roln'a (of the ninon) 'to rise'; hzca (of of hair, the hcard, and so on. Survives in NC
the alami, tumult, etc.) 'to be raised': KR Kzx. k a b a 'bushy' (beard): NW Kk. k a p a
kop- is common, both lit. e . g . (of the morning ditto; S\V Osm. k a b a ditto; also 'coarse,
breeze) 'to rise' 71; (of birds) 'to fly upwards' common, ordinary'. Xak. xr kaba: al-
73; (of a man) 'to stand up' 3498; and metaph. -mtlrtafi' 'high, protruding' of anything; hence
e.g, kigi so2 bile koptl bold1 m a l i k 'some one says kaba: yii:gliig ok 'an arrow with
people hare risen by speaking (eloquently) protruding feathers' KO*. III 217 (in the first
and become kings' 173; a.0. 602; bu b o r d ~ n case, but not the second, three dots put below
k o p a r m i 9 yazukka yiirek 'because of this the bd' by a second(?) hand): F a g . xvff.
wine (a man's) heart rises to countless sins' k a b a sifobr coo fnsirn wa bor dmoda ba-$nkl-i
1338; (of understanding) 'to arise' 1834; a.o. Fabdb 'thick, dense, swollen like a hubble'
4232(ya~1:lt~):x111(?) At. 179(169); Tef. k ~ p , - (quotn.); also pronounced k o b a ; also the name
'to rise; to stand up; (of the dead) to rise again , of a place in the province of Aridicln Son.
etc. 213: xtv Rbk. R I 1217 (6rii:); Mtrh. qdnra 265r. 9; kobn 'irdru-i(?) bar dnrada rua foxim
k0p-, k0:p- fife!. 7, 18; Rif. 79 ,I X4 (Me[. 30, 3 'a swollen thick' limb'(?), also protlounced
dur-): Cng. xv ff. kop- ( - t ~ ,etc.) yerinden k a b a ; also a place-name (lo. 282r. 16: KIP.
kalk- 'to rise from one's place' T'pl. 335 xrrr kotp'l-li(rj*a ma 'irr.#iltd 'with a bushy
 beard' kaba: sakallu: Ifou. 24. 10: XIV kaba: Dls. CBC
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ r ~ ' l - ~ n'anything
r r n t a f iskblkn
j or fluffed
out'; one says ... tulbandt: kaba: d u r 'his V U ? D k o w u ~[lap. leg.; the - w - suggests
that the word is O h z ; if so, prob. a crasis
turban is hroad' (ru~si'a)and k a b t a n kaba: of *kovBuq Dev. N. fr. kov-, meaning lit.
d u r 'his rohe is hrnad, voluminous' Id. 68: something like 'persecution'; the alternative
xv a!-lil~yotu'l-mn~tahcara'a hushy heard' form kowuz, specifically described as O&z,
kaha: sakallu: Kac. 59, 20: O s m . xtv to xvr looks like the Imperat. of a Caus. f. of kov-
k a b a 'thick, massive' ( e . of ~ a tree); in several
used as a Pass. Kag.'s etymolo~yis, of course,
texts T?;S I39X; I1 559; I V 4 4 8 preposterous. Oguz(?) XI k o w u ~a t a r hull
kuha: 'pale, pale yellow, pale grey'; of a sn'fo mina'l-cit~n'the symptoms of dernoniacal
horse or cow 'dun'; of a man 'fa~r-haircd'; possesqion'; the victim is given treatment
used hoth of Inen and animals and also natural (yrd'rilac), cold water is thrown in his face, and
features likc the strppcs. S.i.s.m.l. in YE, at the same time thc words kowuq kowug
NC, NW. Xak. X I kuba: a t 'a horse o f a are recited, thrn he is furnifiatcd with rue and
colour betwccn chestnut (of-aslrah) and yellow' aloes-wood (bi-harm01 wn 'rid); I reckon that
(at-a~Jar);also used for the colour of anything the word is taken from the expression kaq kaq
h7ag, 111217: KD k u b a kilrkliigiig k o r 'see 'go away and clear out, evil spirit' (rrhrub wo
the fair-haired heautv' 2468: K o m . xlv k u v firr yd cbrni): . . . korvuz alternative form of
(sic) 'pale' CCG; Ur.: KIP. XIV kuba: al- kowuq; an O ~ U Z word; hence one says
-1arunir'l-agbnr 'dust-coloured' fd. 68: ~ U W U : y6:l kowuz bitigi: 'linotu'l-cinn rta'l-sa'fa 'an
,I:&. -
..L amulet against evil spirits and demoniacal

PU 1 kowa: IIap. leg.; al-wrrbrir is not noted D kapcak flap. leg,; nev,N,fr, kap-; per-
in ordinary Arabic dicts., hut the meaning is
fairly Xak. x l kowa: nose cover h 3 ~ - crasis of *kaprvak lit. 'grasping one
(?; a nbrrr) which is part of Turkish another', which suits the actual meaning.
Xak. xr kapqak 'the place at which the
bridle and stands erect over the horse's nose' waters from the branches of a (mim,I-
(mu?ria$ibn(n)'ala an/r'[-xay/) Kag. 111237. ..satu*eid), flow into one (yolandlab)
S 2 kowa: Sce kovka:. Kas. 1471.
D kabguk Dirn. f. of ka:b; 'a snlall bag
VU(D) kovl: n.0.a.b.; cognate to kovuk, or sack, pocket', and the like. S.i.s.m.1. as
kovga: which seems to indicate that the first
vowel was -0-; morphologically hoth could k a p q ~ k l k a p q u k .L.-w. in Pe., etc. Dnerfer I I I
420. 7Jyg. vrIr ff. Civ. IT I 99-100 (b&z):
be Dev. N.s fr. kov-, but there is no semantic
XIV Chin.-Uyi. Dict. 'purse, small b a g ' k a p p k
connection. The two meanings given by Kaf.
Ligeti 161 ; R 11430: Qag. xvr ff. k a b c u k 'a
can reasonably be regarded as lit. and metaph. kind of purse (kisa) which is hung from the
Tiirkii v r ~ rff. I r k 4 36 (uqru:glu:g): Uyg.
neck, and a wallet (szc~rtr~itri) made of leather'
vlrr ff. Bud, k a r n a g k u t s u z kovr t e r s
billgllg trnllglar 'all unfortunate mortals Sun. z65v. 8.
who d o not enjoy the favour of heaven and (D) luvqak n.0.a.b.; Den. N./A. fr. krv, but
have false (or heretical?) idcas' TT VI 24: a.o. the meaning 'unfortunate' hardly fits. Xak.
do. 19: Civ. i k l kngiil kogiit (sic, but ?ditto- xr K B 2639, 5133 (kovr:).
graphy) t u t u p kovr b o l s a r eltin x a n t l n agig
b o l u r m u ? 'if a man has a divided mind(?) Dis. V. GBC-
and is unfortunate, should the realm and kavq1:- as such Hap. leg., but Vam. 307 lists
wan be angry?' T T S I 178-80 (translation a SC x ~ xUzh.(?) word kapql- 'to catch
conjectural): Xak. xr kovl: y ~ g a al-qrcffa :~ (something falling)', and in xu Uzb. k a p ~ i 'to
-
wnhwn'l-gacnrrr'l-bdi 'a rotten (i.e. hollow?) rush away'. nor. 604, is described as a dialect f.
tree'; also pronounced k o w ~ : with -w-: of sapql- do. 355 which i n t ~ ralia means 'to
Argu: X I kovl: e r 'an unlucky (al-mudbir) rush at, attack (someone)'; there cannot be any
man' (prov.) Kag. I11 225: K B (if an ambas- connection between this word and s a p + but
sador is quick-witted wise and alert, his it seems to be the original form of kapqi-.
master benefits and thereby retains his colour, Xak. XI arr: kig1:ke: kavgt:dl: 'the hornet
i.e. reputation) yalavac yavuz holsa klvqak attacked (knmola 'old) the man to sting him';
k o v ~s6zigsiz tiiker a n d a begler s u v t 'if also used of a man when he is angry (iadiba)
an ambassador is bad and unlucky(?), un- with someone and gives vent to his anger on
doubtedly his masters' honour is impaired' him (inhamaka fihi) KOJ. X I 1 276 (kavp:r.
(lit. 'water', an abbreviation of yiiz SUVI a kavq1:ma:k).
calque of Persian db-i rC rnetaph. 'honour')
2639; b u krvqak kovl d u n y 5 k&$kl a j u n D k a v g ~ t -Hap. leg.; Caus. f. of kavql:-.
neye b e g k a r ~ t t ik a r ~ m a zijziin 'this un- Xak. XI 01 anr: kavgittl: 'he made him anery'
lucky(?) world is an old world, however much (agdabahu) in order to incite him to do some-
it makes begs aged, it does not age itself' 5133 thing which he had determined not to do;
(klvqak is noted only in these two passages; and one says og1a:n arr:nl: kavqitt~:'the boy
<he other supposed occurrences of kobr incited the hornet to sting' Kag. I1329 (prov. ;
'empty' in R 11659 are based on misreadings): kavgitwr, kavgttma:k; with -f- for -v-
Kip. xrv k u v a g a g 'a hollow tree' CCG; Gr. everywhere).
 DIS.
111s. CBD 1) klvacj- flap. Irg.; I k n . V. in - a d - (In-
S k a w u t See ka:gut. trans. ?) fr. k l v ; no doubt rnorc or less syn. IF.
k u t a d - . IJye, V I I I ff. Man.-;\ k u t a d m a k
I'[!?F ktftu: 'scissors'; discussed at length in k l v n d m a k b o l z u n t u z u iidriiltnig a r r g
1)oerfcr 1 318; proh. a I.-w., but as Doerfer d i n t l a r l a r k a 'mav Iicavcnly favour (f-rend.)
pnints nut, no plausible Chincse origin has he upon all the chosen pure Elect' IM 1 28.
lxen suggcstcd. Survives as k ~ p t land t h c 15-17.
likc iii most N E and some NW languages, 1) k a v d ~ r i -IIap. Icg.; Ilrfl. f. of kavrt!-.
Yakut k l p t t y , Pck. 1403. hlost other lan- Xak.ur er ocll9n:kavtllndl: (>IS.kavtluncl~:)
guagcs fnr 'scissrirs' have (the Along. I.-w. i) 'the man prr~tccted(ntfnqn . . . 'rrlli) his son'.
k n y ~ Iloth
~ ~ .thesc words are I.-w.s in various and mi~rlc i t his I,r~citic=.sto \\-art1 off dnn-
foreign Ii~ripttages,see I)ocrfrr. Cf. b l g g u : ~ , grrs frr~rn hi111 Iiof. II 241) ( k : l v t l ~ t ~ u : r ,
srnrlu:. GiQil X I kiftu: a/-rniqrcid 'scissors' kavd1ntna:k).
Kn$. I 4 1 6 (gli,' unnocalized): X I V h l ~ r h ( ? )nl-
-rrtiq~~ss
'scissors' klftu: Hif. 159 (only): K o m . 1) k a p t ~ t r -Caus. f. r,f leap-; s i.ni n1.l.c. with
srv 'scissors' k l p t l C C l ; GI.: K l p . xrlr sonic cstenclcrl nlcnnings. X a k . X I o l arja:c
Ifoci. 23, I I (b~$qu:?):sv al-ntiqo!? klptt: (-b-) t a v a : r kapturcll: lmrrmlnhrc 'olA irtil~iqi(sic,
hrau. 64, 9; Trth. 3 . p I I . error for ixfil5si)'l-rrritci' 'he urgctl him to eni-
bezzlc the property' l<(iz. 11 189 ( l t a p t u r u r ,
VU(1)) k o v d a k llnp. ICE.?; meaning quite k a p t u r m a : k ) : G a g . s v ff. k a p t u r - C a r ~ s .f.
uncertain; morphologically I k n . N.(?) fr. of k a p - ; not translated Sair. 2 6 3 ~ 2.1 . : Xwar.
ko:v. Cf. kovdag. X a k . xr Kl?(cither go to srrr k a p t l u r - 'to order to scizc' 'Ali 28.
meals, o r d o not go; curh y ~ u rappetite, eat
sparinfly and kerf7 your hcalth. T h e man who Tris. V. G ~ D -
overeats becomes sickly) sartk m e g z i k o v d a k 1) ?F k1ftu:ln:- Den. V. fr. ktftu:; survives as
at1 (or e t i ) 41 b o l u r 'his yellow complexion k l p t l l a - and thc liltc in some N13 languaqes.
and his ?reputation (or, preferably?, flesh) X a k . sr 01 k1ftu:ln:dl: bii:ziig 'IIC cut
hecome notorious' 4672. (qara(la) the linen with scissors' (bi'l-r~iqrC(l)
F kafta:n Persian xnft511 'outer garment, K a j . III 3 5 2 ( k ~ f t u : l a : r , k1ftu:la:ma:k).
rohc' hccame nn early I.-\\.. in Turkish, and
later reappeared in Pe. and Ar. in its Turkish
spellinp described as a I.-w. fr. Turkish. k a b a k l k a p a k Prcliniinnry nrrtc. Alorplto-
S.i.s.ni.l. in N\V, STV. X a k . X I kafta:n ol- lo~qicnllyk a b a k Dim. f. oJ ka:b, and k a p a k
-qnhri' 'rohc' h'ny. 1 4 3 5 ; three 0.0.: stvhftrh.(?) Deo. N. fr. 2 * k a p - a r r rltri~cdiflrrr~itwords.
nl-gnh5' knfta:? Rif. 166 (only): G a g . xv ff. l % ~ ya r e sfill di.rtrtiir,qrrlshrd phottrficolly in
k a p t a n c5rrra garment' Vrl, 314 (quotns.); S l I I A:. (gabafi/fiapn& rrnd Osm. ( k n b a k l
x a f t a n 'a kind of porrnent (Iiha.~)split u p on
k a p a k ) but in enrly trsts fhrv a r c spclr and, in
Imth sides', in Rfiirli called k a b a , also used
in thc corrupt form k a p t a n San. 222v. 1 3 ; roinc ntodern Inrtgria,qcs, proilo~~rrcrd e ~ a c t l ythe
k a p t a n corruption of x a f t a n , same transla- ro~trc,and it is not nlccays cttsy to clc~rrrtti~tc
tion do. ahgr. 24 (rluntns): X w a r . xrv k a f t a n which word i s irrtettcfed. E.xcrptiotrallv, in S1V
'robe' Qriib I 2 8 : KIP. Y I V k a p t a n (-b-) nl- TIziir. ' p t ~ r ~ p k i ?it~ ' ro~nelirnr,~ka:bnk, brrt
-qnhA; derived fr. I'c. xnfforz 'an iron breast- ga:bnk nrrlms 'ej~rlid' and g a p a k 'cmer, lid'.
plate' (dirt niin !todid); the T u r k s borrowed it
for ol-qnhd' and gave it the Turkish pro- D k a b a k Ilitn. f. r ~ kf a : b ; lit. 'a srnall con-
nunciation k a p t a n fd. 67. taincr', in practice 'gourd, pumpkin, marrow',
and thc like(but not 'sweet melon'). S.i.a.m.1.g.
VC'(I1) kovdng I lap. leg. ?; meaning quite un- esccpt N E ( ? ) rv. some phollctic changes.
ccrtni11; morpholorically ?N. of Association L.-TV.in I'e., etc., Ijorrfcr 111 lqrr). X a k . X;
fr. ko:v; cf. k o v d a k . I n the Vienna &IS. a y t k e b a k a/-drrhhd' rc~tlrruo'l-qor' a pumplrin ,
is glossed !rnrc/ 'fear', ohviousl?; a niuddle with that is a r o i ~ r d~vllichis c;itcn frc.;h (ro!h)
hlonq. nxrr- 'to fcnr', and k o v d a v sar 7m- KO$. 1 382 (bctnccn two tratlclations o f
-y~ij>i(/o 'rvith nn rltrwaslied head', which sug- k a p a k ) : Gag. s v ff. knb:ig/kabnk ('with
gests that the scribe a n s quite a t a loss. X a k . -b-') ( I ) k(~t?ri' ( ~ o u r d ' ;( 2 ) ~iletaph.'a target'
X I K l 3 (do not reach out and take a meat ball (nkdna-nrimn) which they fasten on thc top
in front of someone else, take whntever is in of a tall pule and shoot at (quotti.); originally
front of you and eat it. D o not draw a knife in shooting compctitions they p u t a pumpkin
or c a r v off a hone) aye b o l m a k o v d a g '(lo on the top of a tall pole and so the word came
not he excessively quarrelsome' 4599 (see to be uscd for 'target' Sun. 265r. 14: K o m .
silkim). xrv 'pumpkin' k a b a k C C I ; Gr.: K t p . xlIr
. CBD
D ~ SV. nl-qar' reo'l-yaq!in ('marrow') k a b n k lfou. 8,
I I :x ~ k v a b a k 'a punipkin at which they shoot
? D k a v ~ d -Hap. leg.; etymologically obscure. arrows' id. 68: xv al-qor' k a b a k Kov. 63, 1 3 ;
Uyg. V I I I ff. Bud. (in a description of a l'rrh. 298. 3. O s t n . s t v ff. see k a p n k .
c i ~ h t m a r e )iiq kBgiirqgen a t a p ( ? ) l a q ~ n k a
k n v t g u r e r k e n 'while three doves were pro- D k a p n k 1)t.v. N. fr, 2 *kep- -lit. 'son~cthina
tecting their father(?) from a falcon' S ~ r r * . which covers nr closes'. usually uscd for 'a lid.
620. 20-1. o r other cover', and 'eyelid'. S.i.r~.rn.l.g.w.
 DIS.
some phonetic chan~es. L.-w. in Pe., etc., su~yeststhat they may have a common foreign
Doerfer 111 1367, 1545. Tiirkii v ~ r rff. Man. orlain. Uyg. vrrr ff. Civ. k n v ~ kkrlrp ala
(just as one throws) utsiiz (dama~ed,uncer- klgike siirtser alast khter 'if one makes
tain) k a p a k u g 'a . . . lid' (in running water bran and rubs it on a man with a blotchy skin,
and cleans it with nnc's hands) 11lII1 14, lo- his blotches disappear' T T VIZ 23, 4-5 : Xak.
1 1 (iii): Uya. vrrr ff, Rud. kiizi kapakc tiip X I kavlk 'bran' (al-nr~xdu)of millet; Kaj. 1
t u z 'her two eycs'and eyelids were exactly 783; a.o. 1 2 2 1 (eatiir-); kawik 'millet bran',
alike' IJ I V 30, 48; a.o. 1'1' X * 439-7 ihe -w- changed from -v- IIZ 165: KB
(tii:): Xnk. X I k a p a k cajnrl'l-'a.yn eyelrd', kavuk sokti y6m t a p 'a diet of millet bran
also called k6:z kapakr:: (kebak fnl1ou.s (t-Iend.) satisfies me' 4767; a.0. 4768: Korn.
here): k a p a k 'udmlu'l-'ndru 'a v~rgin's xrv kovax (sic) 'scurf on the head' C C G ; GI.:
hymen'; one says 01 kr:z kapakr: sl:dl: 'he Ktp. X I V k a w u k 01-srrwiq nille let or barley
deflowerrrl (iqfodcln) the girl' ICnj. I 382: X I V gtuel' i d . 76; 0.0. do. 68 (kapak), 76 (kovuk).
hi'trlrh. 01-rnfn kapa:k (-h-) M d . 46, 13; Rif.
140: Gag. xv ff. kabaR/kahak ('with -b-') (D) kavuk morphologically Pass. Dev. N. fr.
. . . (3) ptist-i cnjm 'eyelid' Son. zhjr. 1 4 *kav-; 'the bladder' (of a man or animal).
(quotn.): X w a r . xrv k a p a k 'eyelid' Qrrrh 126: S.i.m.m.l.g. w. considerable phonetic changes;
Krp. xlv k a b a k (sic?; 'target' and) caftru'l- some modern forms are liable to be confused
-'oyn (and nl-nrrxBla 'bran'; all three simul- with those of kovuk. T h e alternative form
taneously) Id. 68 (sce k a b a k , kavlk): r v k a g u k in Uya. Civ. may he the original form.
cnfn Icapak ( ? ; -h-) Tiilt. I l a . 12: O s m . xrv- Uyg. vrrr ff. Cir. (the 14th letter is called
xv k a p a k 'eyelid' TT.C Z 398; 11 559; I11 iruriu(?)); kavuk iize u r g u o l 'one must place
392; I V 448 (here spelt krrbak; the word is it over the bladder' T T VII 41, 13; k a g u k
also noted in all puriods meaning 'drinking srzlagka em 'a cure for an ache in the
cup', for which k a b a k is perhaps right): X V I I I bladder' I i I 165; a.0. do. 37 (tigi:): Xak. xr
k a p a k ('with -p-') in Rtimi, sar prij 'cover, k a v u k al-mn_tr?no'the bladder' Kay. I 383;
lid' Son. 265r. 17. k a w u k ditto alternative form (lutn) of k a v u k
ZIZ 165: Gag. xv ff. k a w u k (spelt) ma!Cnno
D k a p ~ gConc. N. in -19 fr. 2 *kap-; 'door, Sun. 2 7 9 ~ 8. : KIP. xrv k a w u k al-matZna fd.
gate'. T h e second vowel mas originally -1- 76: Osrn. xrv ff. k a v u k 'bladder'; c.i.a.p.
but hecntne -a- i n Man.-A and some Uyk. TTS I 435; I 1 602; 111 424; ZV 484: xvrrr
(Uyg.-A) texts and later becatne -u- by labial (after Gag.) in Rrimi k a w u k has th'e same
attraction. Survives in some NW languages meaning and also means a kind of turban Son.
and SiV Az., Osm., Tkm.; elsewhere dis- 279V 8.
placed by C$ik. L.-w. in PC.,etc. as kapu, etc.,
Doerf~r 111 1368. T i i r k u vrrr t e m i r kaprg E k u v a k read by Radloff in several documents
'the Iron Gate', a pass between Ralkh and in USp., and translated 'assessment' is an error
Samarkand is mentioned several times in I , II, for kuvra:g.
T,I.Y.: vrrr ff. Man. t a r n u kapglga 'to the
gate of hell' Chria~.126; kapagrn act1 'he (D) kovuk ' h o l l o ~ empty';
~, cognate to kovt:,
opened its gate' M I 13, 7; 0.0. do. 8-12; h i 111 q.v.; survives only(?) in SW Osm. kovuk, but
23, 2 (ii); T T I1 8, 65: Uy& vrrl ff. Bud. the syn. words Az. g o v u g / k o ~ u $and Tkm.
kapag (sic) 'gate' is cornmon in PP: Civ. govalq, Bovuz are cognate. Xak. XI kovuk
tegri k a p t g l 'the nates of heaven' T T I 144: ne:g 'anything hollow' (arroof) Kaf. 1 383;
a.o.0. : Xak. xr k a p u g (sic) al-brib 'gate' K a g k o w u k dltto; alternative form (i~@a) of
I 375; over 30 0.0.: KI3 (some Rowers) agtl kovuk III 164: xrrr(?) Tef. kovuk (mls-spelt
h e p u g 'have opened a gate' (with their beauty) kavak) 'hollow' 191: (Korn. xrv 'hollow'
97; 0.0. 264, 2529 ff.: xrrr(?) Tef. k a p u g l k a p u $ 0 ~ (sic) ~ 9C C G ; Gr.): Tkm.(?)xrv ~ O W U ~
'ante, door' 198-9: xrv Mr~h,al-rlnrwrizn 'gate' a n v t h i n ~hollowed out and empty' (nrrrcaz~7caf
k a p n k (sic) Me/. 73, 13 (Rif. 179 adds wa .f(iriri,;); in KIP. used for a[-;awiq 'millet gruel'
rlurhii'l-srir 'and town pte', translntion kay&:, Id. 76.
?for knpga: q.v.) ;01-brill kapu: 76, 5 ; k a p u g 11 kapga: Dev. N. in -2s: which seems here
179; a.o. 26, 9 ; 109 (yaptur-): Gag. xv ff.
k a p u ('with -p-') dar-i sar&v 'palace gate', to be an Elative, fr. 2 *kap-; 'a great gate,
also called dgik; k a p u okqesi 'the bottom town grste'. Survives in NC Krr. k a p k a ;
pivot of a door', and metaph. 'threshold', in Kzx. k a k p a ; NW I<az. kapka. Xak. XI
Ar. 'ntn? Son. 265v. zo: X w a r . xrlr k a p u g kapfta: al-darb 'a great gate' Kaj. 1 4 2 5 : xrv
'door' AIL 12: xrv k a p a g l k a p u g 'door' Muh. N f . 179 ( ? ; kaplg).
Qrltb 126-7; MN 2751 K o m . x ~ vditto (D) kovga: 'pail, bucket'; cognate to k o ~ k .
k a b a g l k a b a k C C G ; Gr.: KIP. xlrr al-brib A I.-w. in hlong. hobofa/kobogo 'bucket,
k a p u (-h-; also egik) Tiozc. 6, 4: xrv k a p u
(sic, 'with -p-'). al-bib; one says k a p u aq
trough' (Kow. 896, Haltod 203). Survives in
NW Knm k o p k a R 11 654 (which together
I
and k a p u n ~ :aq 'open the door' id. 68; a/-brib with the Ca& forms may be a reborrowing fr.
ka:p~:/ka:pu: (-b-) Blrl. 14, 11: xv al-biib &long.) and SW Osm. kova; Tkm. gova. Cf.
(eglk and) ka:pu (-b-, so read?) Kou. 59. 10; k6nek. Uyg. vrrr ff. Man.-A kovgasln [gap]
k n p u (-h-) Tub. 8a. 5 . s u v iqre kemigmigler 'they lowered their
k a v ~ k'bran'; n.0.a.b. Cf. kepek; the exis-
tence of two similar words with this meaning
.
buckets . . into the water' M I 35, 16-17;
a.0. do. 36, 20: Gag. s v ff. kobga (mis-spelt
'to put a cover on (something); to bind (a sembly where the Elect were' T T I1 6, 34;
book)', and more generally 'to cover, surround, a.o. M III 21, 13 (tbrln): Uyg. V I I I ff. Man.
besiege, contain', etc. Xak. X I e r ka:blandl: vregtiler kuvragloa 'to the community of
'the man became the owner of a wine-skin' the apostles' T T IX 95; a.0. do. 97 ( t h i n ) :
(ziqq) Kap. III 199,6 (in a passage on the func- Bud. kuvrag for 'monastic community' IS
tions of -Ian-); n.m.e. common, e.g. Sanskrit savghdt rn~gh5r.n'from
community to community' k u v r a : g d ~ nkuv-
Trls. C U L ra:gka: T T VIII G.5; 0.0. do. C.5 (utuz-);
I) klvlllk 'ficklcness' See klv Xak. XI KB. T T IV 6, 45 (erksin-); VI 09, etc. (tbrin);
but it i n sometimes used more generally for
L)F kawlallk (or kavlallk?) A.N. (Conc. N.) 'gathering, crowd', e.g. (he sat down at the
fr. kawla:; 'vegetable garden'. Pec. to Uyg. cross-roads in the middle of the town) kalln
Civ. Uyg. vrll ff. Civ, a kavlaltk is mentioned k u v r n g a r a 'in a dense crowd' PP 70, 5-6;
as one class of property subject to a particular a.0. U 11 23, 1 8 ; and, even yekler kuvrag[l]
tax USp. 14, 14; 0.0. do. 15, 3 (tegzintliir-); 'a horde of demons' T T X 312: Xwar. xrv
30, 7 and 22-4. k u r a g (read kuwrag) 'a festive gathering',
usually in the IIend. maclis ku(w)rag;
fairly comn~onQutb 144.
1: k a p e n 'a large dish or tray'; Chinese 1.-w.
compounded of ka, perhaps 1 ka:, q.v., and Dis. V. ~ B R -
pn'rt 'dish, tray' (Giles 8,620). N.0.a.h. Uyg. D k a b a r - Intrans. Den. V. fr. ka:b; lit. 'to
vrlr ff. Chr. U 1 7 , 4-5 (u'-): X I V Chin.-Uyg. become a container', that is 'to form a blister,
Dict. p'arr (see above) k a p a n Ligeti 158; vesicle, and the like', hence, more generally 'to
R 11 439. swell up'. S.i.a.m.1.g. except NE, SE. Uyg.
~ I I ff.
I Bud. k a b a r u kelmig etindeki s61
F kabln 'dowry'; Chinese I.-w. prob. com- suvln 'the serum in his swollen flesh' U III
pounded of kn, perhaps chia 'to give a daughter,
inmarriage' (Giles 1,141, Middle Chinese ka), 41, *I (ii); a.o. do. 45, 12: Xak. xr ba:g
and p h '(financial) capital' (Giles 8,846). kabardr: 'the wound swelled up' (or became
Except in Uyk. spelt w. front vowels. Noted puffy, intafoxa) originally ka:bardl:, but the
in (Iranian) Xwarazmian as klibina and a I.-w. form with a short vowel is the more elegant
in Pe. as kGbin, kabin, kcbin, Doerf~rI11 1614. (al-af$ah) Kaj. 11 71 (kabarur, kabarma:k):
Gag. xv ff. k a b a r - (spelt) 6bila knrakn, 'to
N W Kaz., SW Az. kebin 'betrothal, marriage' form a blister'; and metaph. waram kardan
R 11 1194; SW xx Anat. ditto SLID 863 'to swell'; the R~imicorrupt it to keberik
are p r o b a PC. I.-w. Uyg. vr11 ff. Civ. kabln (sic) in the second sense Son. 264r. I 1 (quotns.;
'dowry' occurs several times in Fam. Arch.: the last statement due to a misunderstanding
O s m . xlv kebln 'dowry'; In two texts TTS of the Ar. I.-w. kiber 'becoming great'): Klp.
II 610; 111 429. xrv k a b a r - tannffa!a'l-ctcrh 'of a wound, to
D ~ S V.
. CBN- form a blister'; (after kaba:) one says ba:$
kabardl: intafnga'l-~a'rtclttc'his hair was fluffed
D kapln- Refl. f. of kap-; s.i.s.m.l., usually out' (sir, ? a misunderstanding of the phr. in
as kabln- w. various meanings. Xak. X I e r Kag.) Id. 68: xv intnfnfa k a b a r - Ttch. 6b. 9 ;
tava:r kaplndl: 'the man pretended to carry baqbnqa 'to form a blister' k a b a r - do. 8b. 5:
off(yaslub) the goods'; and one says ogia:n ye1 O s m . xrv, xvr k a b a r - metaph. (of a battle)
kapindl: agdha'l-gabi sn'fa 'detnoniacal posses- 'to become more intense' in two texts TTS I
sion attacked the boy' K ~ JI I. 154 (kaplnu:r, 399; 11 559.
kap1nma:k).
L) kavir- Caus. f. of *kav-?; 'to bring to-
S kuvan- See kiiven-. gether, collect', hence 'to constrict', and the
like. N.o.a.b., cf. t6r-, kuvrat-. Uyg. vr11 ff.
Bud. k a v ~ r -usuallv occurs in the Hend. t6r-
D kavrtg Iiap. leg.; Dev. N. fr. kavlr- k a v ~ r -'to collect, bring together', e.g. t e g r i
Uyg. VIII ff. Bud. (if a man is thrown into b u r x a n n i o edgiilerin t6re kavlra scizledim
prison, or commits a rohbery and is arrested, 'I have collected (Hend.) and described the
or) b e r g e kagll u l a t ~k l s ~ gkavrlg e m g e k i good deeds of the Buddha' U I11 73, 24-5;
kelser 'the pain of being (flogged with) a.0. T T X zg--(the Buddha for the second
whips, rods, etc., and imprisonment and con- time) odguratr belgiiliig k a v ~ r an o m l a y u
finement comes to him' T T VI 110-11. berdi 'put together with vivid clearness and
preached' (the commandment which he had
D kuvra:g Dev. N . fr. kuvra:-; lit. 'cronvd, promulgated) T T VI 296; a.0. TM I Y 255,
gathering', but in Up& usually the standard I 10: Xak. X I bi1e:ziik kiig eligin kavurdl:
translation of Sanskrit snmgha 'a monastic 'the bracelet constricted (or pinched, dagafa)
community'. More or less syn. w. terin and the slave girl's arm'; also used of anything that
b u r s a g , q.v. One of the Buddhist technical constricts something Kaf. 11 82 (kavra:r,
terms borrowed by Mong. in Turkish spelling kavurma:k); bu: bi1e:ziik 01 bilek kavur-
as kuvmag (Kow. 975. Haltod 223); n.0.s.b. ga:n 'this bracelet always constricts the wrist'
Tiirkii VIII ff. Man. (the king himself came) I 518: X w a r . xrv k a v r a k u r - 'to embrace
d l n d a r l a r erigll k u v r a g g a r u 'to the as- closely' Qutb 136.
became a I.-w. in (zag. or Osm. as k o b u r l T r i s . V. ~ B R -
k u b u r Son. 282r. 22 and I'e., Lloerfer I 268, D k ~ v l r g a k l a n -Hap. leg. I;Refl. Den. V. fr.
and forms like koburquk arc prob. Dim. f.s klvlrga:k; 'to be grasping, miserly'. Uyg.
of this I.-w. X a k . x ~kabrrqa:k(on vocalizntion vrlr ff. Bud. Suv. 136, 15-16 (2 azlan-).
see above) 01-inbiit ma ahfor yusta'mal j i
tdbriti'l-mopit 'a box', usually 'a coffin' KO$. DIS. G B S
I 501: xrv hfrth.(?) (under 'household ~ o o d s '
al-~nndtiq'box,coffer'(VU) k a b a r q a k (hd'un- F xafs~: J Iap. Iep.; as nrockelmann points out,
vocalized) Rif. 169 (only); (under 'toys and I.-w. ultimately derived fr. Latincapsavia Syriac
ga~nes')01-hl'ha 'puppet, doll' ko:burquk 162: qafsd; nn douht brought to Central Asia by
Gag. xv ff. kabarquk (spelt) dbila wn tab.rnl the Manichaeans. Xak. xr xafsl: 01-huqqa
'blister, pustule' Sun. 265r. 1 2 (quotn.): 'a small box' Kay. 1423.
X w a r . x ~ vkavurqak/kawurqak 'doll, pup-
pet' Qrtth 136-7: K o m . x ~ v'small hox' . GBS-
D ~ S V.
k u b u r q u k C C I ; Gr.: Kip. xrtr (unclcr 1) kapsa:- Desid. f. of k a p - ; lit. 'to wish to
'womcn's clothes and other pcrsonal posses- seize', but fr. an early period used as a Sec. f.
sions') a/-ltc'ho (aba:k, also called) k a h a r - of kavza:-, q.v., 'to surround, attack', and the
qu:k) Ifoir. 18, 6-7; (and 01-srrlaltjC 'tortoise' like. Survives in this meaning in some NE
(VU) kabarquklu: (unvocalized) baga: that Ianguagcs and SE Tiirki. Xak. X I anlg tegre:
IS a frog with a [Ar. cornlpt, presumably kipi: k a p s a : d ~ : lrnffa'l-nris !ror~~lohtr 'the
'carapace'] do. 7, 5): xrv k a b u r q a k 01-!lirqq people surrounded him'; and one says 01
'box, casket'; (and kaburqaklt: baga: a[-sul- a n l g tava:rln kapsa:dt: 'he wished to carry
a!fd) Id. 68; (01-s~rlnilfd(VU) kaljlrqaklt: (only off(yas1irb) his property' I G j . III 285(kapsa:r,
bd' vocalized) baga: meantng a frog with a kapsa:ma:k); us1tga:n kuya:g k a p s a : d ~ :
dome' (01-q~tbba)BuI. 5, 2): xv ,rand179 k a b a r - 'the parching heat of the sun surrounded us'
q a k ; T k m . (VU) kiibiirqlik (in margin in
SW(?) hand kablrqak) Tuh. z2b. I ; hc'ba
(ahdtat p-) I 155, 16; turnlzg kelip k a p -
sa:di: the cold came and surrounded ( t p
k a w u r g a k do. 32a. 2: O s m . XVI kaburqak 'a world)' I 463, 9: xrrr(?) Tpf. k a p s a - to
box for perfumes' in three dicts. T T S 11 560; surround, envelop' 199: Gag. xv ff. k a p s a -
I V 449: X V I I I ( k u b u r (spelt) in R~imi,ql?b wo ( - m ~ g )i!~dla 'to surrout~d' Vef. 314; k a b s a -
?arfi 'a container' (Hend.) in which things are (so spelt) nd-gahdn dar mipin girfian wa firti
put, e.g. 'a quiver' is called k u b u r - I tir); giriflan 'to attack and seize suddenly' Sun.
k u b u r q u k Dim, f. of k u b u r in Rtimi, 'a box' 264r. 29 (quotns.; pointing out that in one
(qriti) in Ar. hi~qqaSun. 282r. 23. of them Vel. (314) misread k a p s a m a k as
knpgamak): X w a r . xtv kapsa- 'to surround,
D xkabarqaklig P.N./A. fr. kabarqa:k, envelop' Qutb 127; Nahc. 322, 7.
q.v. (1<1p.).
D kopsa:- Dcsid. f. of k o p - ; Hap. leg.; the
(L)) koburga: 'owl'; old animal name ending medieval word kobsa-Ikopsa- is a Sec. f. of
in +a:. N.0.a.b.; cf. ii:gi:. Uyg. V I I I ff. kopza:-, q . ~ Xak.
. XI 01 yoka:ru: kopsa:dl:
Bud. k u z g u n k o b u r g a 'ravens and o~vls', 'he wished to rise' (or stand up, al-nulrtid) Knf.
includcd with ogres, demons, etc. in a list of ill- 111285 (kopsa:r, kopsa:ma:k).
omened animals T T VI 59 (kobhur20 V I I I
0.4): Xak. xr koburga: al-hdma mina'l-fay Dis. GR$
'owl' Kaj. 1489. D kaplg D F ~ N. . fr. kap-; 'plundering' and
the I~ke.S.1.s.m.1. Xak. XI kaplg nl-intihdb
(D) k1vtrga:k n.0.a.b.; the contexts indicate
a meaning 'pasping, miserly', or the like. wa'l-ixtila 'plundering, embezzlement' Kop. I
Presumably a Dev. N. (connoting habitual 369.
nction) fr. * k t v ~ r - . UyR. vrrl ff. hlan. [gap] TI kavvr: Hap. leg.; Dev. N./A. fr. kavlg-.
k ~ v l r g a k(spclt kiftrkak) s a r ~ n l a r'grasping Xak. xr k a v g ~ : ka:p nl-!~~cibtc'l-tnnprtin~~'l-
misers' T T IlI 90: Bud. kiini krvrrgak -nzacc 'conjnined nrchcd eyebrows' Knj. I.
k l i ~ i i l n i i otiiliiki u g u r l n d a 'by rcason of the 424.
violence of jealous, grasping thoughts' Sun.
102, 3-4; 0.0. T T III, p. 29, note 90, 2; L'I D kavgut Activc Dev. Pi. fr. kavtg- ; survives
5 ".I. (2 k1z). in NC I<tr. k a p g r t / k a p $ ~(I)
t 'the point where
the four felts covering a yimt meet'; (2) 'the side
D kabarga:n Hap. leg,?; Dev. N. (connoting of a yurt'. Xak. XI kavgut mupifahahntu'l-
habitual action) fr. k a b a r - Xak. xr kabar2a:n -molikayn run m~r~dli!tntrrhrrmdIi-amni'l-tciltiya
'a pimple (or blotch, bafm) which appears on 'an agreement between two kings and the con-
the body because of skin disease (hikka) or clusion of peace between them for the sake of
heat' Kag. 1516. the security of the realm;' hence a man is
called Kavput Kaf. I 451; a.0. II 102, 29
S k a v u r m a q See k a g u r m a q . (kav~g-).
D k u v r a g s l z Hnp. leg.; Priv. N./A. fr. Dls. V. c B $ -
kuvrn:g; 'without religious comrnunitie.s'. D kaplg- Recip. f. of 1 k a p - ; 'to seize one
Uyg. VIII ff. Bud. SIIW.299, 10-11 (t6rinslz). another' and the like. S.i.a.m.1.g. Xak. X t 01
 588 DIS. V
m e n i g birle: t o b t k kaprgdr: 'he struggled D k a v g u r - Caus. f. of k a v ~ g - ; 'to collect,
with me to snatch (xdusnni) the ball in playing bring together, put together', and the like.
K q . I1 88 (kaprgu:r, kaprgma:k); a.0. N.0.a.b.; cf. kavrgtur-, t6:r-. UyR. VIII ff.
II 113, 15: Gag. xvff. kaprg- ('with -p-') U u d . U I z 2 , rz(trg1a:-); U 1 1 4 6 , 7 ~ 1 ( aya:);
1
hamdigor-rd p'rilfon ncn a z ham rahridan 'to T T V, p. 16, note A 54, 8 (gi$a:muk);
seize one another, to grasp one another' Snn. T T I'I 391 (arkuru:); T T X 145, 262, 299;
263v. t o : X w a r . srv kapug- ditto Qutb 126. U III 28, 13 ; 29, 6; 66 (i) etc.: Civ. b u d a n r
k a v g u r u p y i p b i r l e ;?drgep 'put (the two
D kavrv- Co-op. f. of *kav-; 'to conie to- halves of) the liquorice root togcther and tie
gether, assernhle'. S.i.s.m.1. in NW, SW. them with thread' Ii I 150; am. T T V I I I
' r u r k u vrrr altu:n yrg iize: kavigalrm 'let us L.35 (*&kke:gu:); X a k . sr KR eIig k a v g u r u
assemble in the Altay mountain forest' T 20; t u t 'fold your amis' 4056: X w a r . xrrr k a w -
0.0. T 1 2 ( u ~ e g u : ) ,2 1 : Uyg. vrrr kavrgalrm g u r - 'to bring (someone A r c . ) into contact
51r. E I I ; knvr$rp do. 11' 6: vrrr ff. Rud. inisi with (someone Ihr.)' 'Ali 34, 4 s : xrv k a v g u r -
birle knviqdi 'he nlet llis elder brother 'to fold (the arms)' Qrrtb I 36.
again' I'P gz, 6 ; b i r l e kavrgmrg 'united'
(kinsfolk) IJ 111 33, 16; k a v ~ g -is fairly com- S kovgag- See 2 koagag-.
mon in T T 11' rncaning (of t\vo families) 'to
meet' 311; (of husband and wife) 'to live to- T r i s . GB$
gether' 3 14 ; 'to have sexual intercourse' D kavrggusuz Hap. leg.; Priv. N./A. fr. a
321, 328; ,(of the warp and woof) 'to be Dev. N. fr. kavrg-; 'not coherent, amorphous'.
Interwoven 394; k u n l i aylr k a r i g u kavl- U y g . vrlr ff. Bud. Stcv. 71, 15 (butgiisiiz,
gu y o r r y u r 'sun and moon move in op- q.v.).
position and conjunction' 324; 0.0. T'I X
486; U II ro, zo, etc.: Civ. (if a man cuts 'rris. V. CB$-
his nails o n a Sheep day) e d g i i oglisi bilen E knvgatrl- See kevzatll-.
k a v l g u r 'he meets surneone well disposed to
him' T T V I I 32: 11-rz: X a k . xr e r k e k D kavr9rgsa:- Hap. leg.; Ilesid. Den. V. fr.
tl9i:ke: k a v u g d ~ : the male mated (nnkaha) a Dev. N.fr. kavlg-. Uya. vrlr ff. Man. kagr
with the female'; thc original concept is one k o r t l e m k a v r g r g s a y u r m e n 'I long to be
of the conjunction of one thing with another united with my lovely eye-browed one' M ZI
(it!isrilrr'l-~ay' bi'l-pa?'); hence one says kada:g 8,7.
kndn:gka: kavugdl: 'one kinsman joined L) k a v u g t u r - (knvrgtur-) Caus. f. of kaviq-;
(it,tn:ola) another'; hence nrrrlriqdti'l-molikaj'n survives in SW Osm. k a v u g t u r - 'to bring
hi l-,~trllt'peace negotiations between two kings' together, unite, join, fold (the arms)', etc. Cf.
are callcd k a v g u t (prov.); and it is permissible kavgur-. X n k , xr K B b u Aytoldr k l r d i
to suhstitr~te-\v- for -v- k-us. II 102 ( k a v u - k ~ v r ~ $ t l l r dk ol l 'Aytoldt entercd and folded
$u:r, kavu9ma:k); k u y u g u p tnkr: k a v u - his arms (in respect)' 766: Gag. xv if. k a w u g -
g t u m 'I rrr~hraccd and hefricnded him' t u r - (spclt) Carts. f. ; ho-hnm po.)~erartahardan
(srilrobtrrhtc) III 188, 20: KR t n p u g blrIe 'to join together' Snn. z7r)r. 8 (qucltn.).
k a v g u r s a g a e d g u eg 'hecause of your ser-
vice a good cornpanion befriends you' 4053;
n.o. 6176 (erki:): x ~ RbR. v i k i k a v u g t l l a r 'the Dls. GBZ
two mated' R 11 471: Gag. xv ff. k a w u p - k o p u z 'a stringed instrument' of the guitar
(spelt) bn-horn pnywnstatr 'to be joined to- type, but no doubt used for several varieties of
xethrr' Son. 278v. 25 (quotn.): X w a r . xrv instrument. An early (First Period) 1.-m. in
knvug- 'to meet, to enihrace' Qrrtb 137: K o m . h,long.. as hrr#rrr/hrr'rrr (Kotu. 386); the N.Ag.
X I V 'to join one another' kovug- (sic) CCG; krc'trr~irl occurs in the Srrret History (Hoe-
G r . : Krp. xv nlqri 'to nieet' k a w u g - (or kog- ?) nisch 177). 'I'he Mong. word became a I.-w. in
7;rlr. 6h. 5. Pe. and other languages, see DoerJer I 314;
111 1546, where the nature of the instrument
1) kopuq- Ilap. Icg.?; Co-op. f. of k o p - . and the history of the word is discussed at
Xnk. s r 01 m e n l g blrle: k o p u ~ d 'he
~ : com- Icnpth. S.i.a.rn.1.g. with minor phonetic
prtcd with nle in ~ t a n d i n pup' (fi'l-qiydm); changes (-p-/-b-; -21-6). U y g . vrlr ff. Bud.
alpo uced fnr helping Kaj. I1 88 (kopugu:r, PP 70. 6-7 ( u : ~ ) : xrv Chin.-lJy2. Dirt.
kopugma:k). stringed instrument' k o p u z R 11 661; in
Ligrti 168 the translation is the Mong. fnrm
I> kovug- Ilccip, f of k o v - ; s.i.s.ni.l., snme- k u b u r : X a k . X I k o p u z a/-'tidrc'llndi yrrdrab
times much distorted, e . g N C I<lr. ku:q-. bihi 'a musical instrument, the lute' Kny. I
Xnk. X I ola:r bl:r ikintl1:ni: kovuqd1:la:r 365; 111 173 (po:$I:) and 3 0.0.: xrv Mtrh.
'they pursued (fdratlo) one another' KO$.II nl-rcntor 'string' (?'stringed instrument') k o -
103 (kovugu:r (?or kovgu:r), kovugma:k). p u z Ifel. 63, z; Rif. 161 (rnisvocalized Knprrz);
01-rihlib 'viol' ditto 161 (Mrl. I'U yaxlig):
S kov$a:- See 2 kogga:-. c a n . s v ff. k o b u z (so spclt) horbaf 'lute', a
well-knorvt~kind of rnurical instrument ( ~ 5 z )
S kovgnt- See 2 kogpat- Son. 282r. 24 ( q u o t n ~ . ) :X w a r . X I V k o p u z
'lute' Qlrrh 138 (kohtrz): Krp. x111 01-qobrrz
S kovgal- See kosqnl-. nra'rrif 'the well-known (instrument)'; and
 590 M O N . V. G C
my (family) in my forticth year' 1TTa1. 16, 3 ?D k~:ql: '~nustard'; 1.-m. in Monp. as kicl
(dubious, proh. a misrr:iding of a z t l m ) : X a k . (Kotu. 2543); srlrvlves in SIC 'I'urki; NC I<lr.,
xr e r kaqdl: 'the man ran away' (horabn) Kay. I<zx. (k191) hut elscwhcrc apparently rlisplaced
II 5 (kaqa:r, kacma:k); about z o 0.0.. trans- I?? 1.-w.s; see kiq1la:- X a k . X I k~:ql: al-
latcd horabn, jorra 'to run away' or nafara (of -sordul 'mustard' IGj. 111 238: X I V Muh.
an animal) 'to brcak loose': K B yigltlik : 78, 3 ; I?$ 161: C i ~ g xv
xnrdal k ~ : q ~Alrl. , ff.
k a q a r o l t i r i g l i k u q a r 'youth flees and life klct (sic?) 'a herh (furo) w111ch they crush
flies away' 231 ; ikltle b i r i b o l iiqunqte and p u t In sour milk' (rrr(7st); in Ar. sarmuq
k q - a 'become ollc of the (first) two, Ace from ('Atripler, omche') and in I'e. .mrdal-i bnrri
the third' 267; n.o. 361, 401: X I I I ( ? )At. (the Son. 2 9 3 ~ .14: KIP. xv .uord/11k13 (in ~nargin
younz rnon grows old) k a q n r q u w w a t l 'his k ~ q )Trth. 143. 11: Osm. X V I k l c ~trat~slates
strcngth leaves him' 196; (the \wrrld) t e r k several Ar. and I'c, nalncs of Iicrl,s in dicts.
k a q a r 'quickly flees' 222; Tcf. k a q - 'to Aee' TTS 11622; I11 442; I F 5oj.
206: srv 11f1th. hornhn kaq- 11lcI. 14, 5 ; Ri/.
yo; ditto k s : $ ~ - 32, 5 ; knq- I 16; nl-hurl, nis. (.;(:c
k n ~ n l e k35,12; 121: ~ a g ' s v f r ~ k a ~ k u s l h a ~ s n
1 kap:q ll,o,;l,l,.; or,c of scvr,.nl ,r.(,r(jc [l,r
gerek C'el. 316; kay- ('with -y-') gtirixtan
,to Snn, 267v. (quotns,): Xwar. x l l I silk fabric.;, prob. a I.-\\.; cf. b a r q ~ n .Xnk. X I
kaq- ,to rllll (of 3s: xlrlil') knqnq dihdr siiri 'Chinese I>roeade'; more cor-
enellly) O .i 16H, etc,: Iiom. xIv
rectly (nl-nsn!~!~) k w : ~ n; slave girl (nl-iirla')
clittl, CCI, CCG; (,.r,: K1l,. x l l r hrlraba
iscallcd kaqa:q nfter it Krq. II 285: Y I V ilfrili.
( ? )01-nmic 'wovcn fabric' knca:q (-C-. C ; rills-
kaF- lioIl. 34, jd,6y; Surada (of
= horse, 'to run away') mu jtornba knq- Bu[. 'oc"imd h l - ) Ni/. 167(only).
5 2 ~ xv : Itnraba kag- Kov. g, 9 ; 74, 18; kac-
Tub. 38% I ;jarra kaq- do. 28b. 6.
s 2 k n ~ a :See ~ kaka:~.

kuq- 'to embrace', often, but not necessarily, Dis. ~ C D

in a sexual sense. Survives in S C Uzb. kuq-; TI k a q u t Caus. Dev. N. fr. kaq-; n.0.a.h.
S W Oqm. koq-; Tkm. @I$-, but elsewhere X a k . XI k n q u t 'a rout' (a/-!ircid) in battle, etc.
generally displaced by kuqak1a:-. Tiirkii I<n$. 1 356; anolher Suff. is - t as in k a q u t
V I I I ff. RIan. oliigilg k u q u p 'embracing the nl-tirid derived fr. kaqdr: hnraba I 12, z .
corpse (;exually)' Af 1 5 , 5 : Uyg. V I I I ff. Bud.
(the son) k u q u p 'embracingp (his father) U 111 E k l q t ~ nin USp. 42, 14 is an error for sl$@n
64, rq: X a k . xr 01 m e n l : kuqdc: 'dnaqnni 'he T T V I I 36, 1.
embracrd me' Kay. 11 5 (kuqn:r, kuqma:k): nis. v. i;cv-
K l j (this wicked world . . . fastens on those
who flee from it and) a d n k l n k u q a r 'clasps 1) k a p t - IIap. leg.; Caus. f. of knq-; cf.
their legs' 401; (he summoned his son and) k n c t u r - , kaqur-. X a k . sr 01 ant: k n ~ t t t i :
t u t u p k u q t l 'seized and cmbracrrl him' 1x60; 'he put him to flight' (olrrobnlirr) Kn?. 11 300
(\Torship (;nd and) n n q k a p g i ku(l 'clasp the {kayitu:r, kaq1tma:k): (VnR. xv ff. k n q t ~ p
door of his (temple)' I 4 j r ; 0.0. 11;oo-10-62, being routed, put to flight' Vr./. 31s is nu
3609: srrr(?) At. y a z a r k o l k u q a r t e g 'it doubt an crror for knqtp).
opens its anns as if to embrace you' zzz: xrv
llltrk. 'Znnqn ku:q- jlfel. 28, 13; (kucag1a:-; D k a ~ t u r - n.0.a.b.; Caus. f. of knq-; cf.
ill nlnrpitl ku:g- (piC) if. I 12): Gag. xv ff. k a q ~ t - ,kaqur-. Uyg. VIII ff. Cii.. (in a con-
k " ~ - (sic, 'with -11-') ~ j g f ikajidan
~ wa bainl tract for the hire of a donkey) k a q t u r m a t l n
knrcinlt 'to to take in one's arms' ($0 read) y a n m l q t a 'when I return with-
Son. Z S ~ V3. , (quotns.): X w a r . xllr k u c - 'to out letting it run away' USp. 3, 6: X a k . xl
embracev Ali 30: X I V ditto Qutb 142; 736 < O l i e r i g k a c t u r d l : 'he put the man to flight'
(kavlr-): K ~ xIv~'to enlbraces
. kuq- C C I (ahroba) in the sense that he told sotneone else
CCG; Gr. 202 (quotn.): KIP. x111 'inaqa to do it (i.e. he had the man put to flight
nrinn'l-mrr'rirmpna kuc- (-q-) Hot(, 42, 11: xlv by someone else) Knf 11 1 8 (~k a ~ t u r u : r ,
kuc- ('with a -c-') 'dnogn Id. 69; 3111.62r.: Xv kafturma!k).
~ ~ a ~ ~ ~ , d ~ ~ -d K ~$ ~ ~l i l , ~~ ;D ~k~u~q t u,~r - Hap. ~ fleg.;f Calls.
~ f. of kuq-; later
kuC- (or koq-?) elnbrace,; c,i,n,p I displaced by kucnklat-. X a k . xr 01 m e n l :
kuqturdr: 'he urged me to emhrace him'
473 ; 111 463; 117 528. ('oLi'l-ir~rc'dnqo iylilru) KO?. I1 189 ( k u q t u r u r .
Dis. GCA kuqturma:k).
? F ka:qa: 'vessel, container'; cf. 2 ka:, per- is. GcC
haps a I.-w. Survives only(?) in SE Tar. S k a q a k Sre ka:qa:,
R I1 334; l'urki; there is also a S j V Osm. phr.
k a b k a y a k 'pots and pans' which may be a D k a ~ r gN.Ac. fr. k a q - ; lit. 'running away,
reminiscence of this word. X a k . XI ka:qa: flight'. S.i.s.m.1. in this sense w. some phonetic
a1 ~ci'li 'a container'; hence one says ka: changes. Owing to an overlitern1 translation
ka:qa:, also pronounced kaqa: with a short of some Sanskrit word it was adopted as a
vo\vel Kay. I11 238; a.o. IIZ 21 I (2 ka:): Buddhist (and thence a Manichaean) technical
(Gag. xv ff. k a b k a y a k Son. 265v. 7 (ka:b)). term corresponding to Sanskrit ciipvo 'an
 object of sensual perception'; similarly kaqlg (kaqgunql gurizanda 'fleeing, nrnning away')
o r u n was used f < ~Sanskrit
r Zyafana 'an organ San. 267v. 22.
of sensual perception', of which there were
six (eye, ear, nose, tongue, body, and mind), S koqgar See kogga:r.
corresponding to the six vifayas. Uyg.
v r r ~ff. Man. a l t l kaqrg uze azmrglarka to Tris. G c ~
those led astray by the six objects of sensual VU kuqgundl: Hap. leg. Cf. so:gun. Glgil
perception' TT 111 57 (and see note thereon): xi kuqgundl: al-baral 'onion' Kay. 1493.
Bud. (just as fire is produced by the combined
action of a strike-a-light, tinder and the man T r i s . V. GCG-
using them, so also is sensation produced by
the combined action of) kaqrg yo1 a t k a n g u D kuqak1a:- Den. V. fr. kuqak; 'to embrace,
t a r s billg k G ~ i i l'objects of sensual per- take in one's arms'. S.i.m.m.1.g; Cf. kuq-.
ception, the rule of attachment to this world Xak. XI 01 barqrn kuqak1a:dl: he took the
nnd the mind' U II 10, 26-7; same phr. with brocade in his arms' (ia'nbba(a) Kaj. I l l 338
the superfluous yo1 omitted do. 19-20; a l t l (kuqakla:r, kuqak1a:ma:k): xrv Muh. Rif.
112 (kug-): X w a r . xrv kuqakla- 'to take in
kaqlg o r u n l a r bolrnasar b i i r t m e k b o l m a z
'if the six sense-organs did not come into one's amls' Qrrtb 142: KIP. XIV kuqaklh-
existence, sensation would not come into (?; - c - ) iljtadunn ditto fd. 69: xv Tuh. 25b.
existence' do. 12, 18-19; 0.0. Suv. 371, 7 8 (kuq-).
(atkangu:); 595, 7: Xak. xr 01 kaglg kaqdl: Dis. V. GCL-
farra fir& ajiv firrir 'he ran for his life' Kap.
I 386, 17 (grammatical example); n.m.e.: D kaqll- Hap. leg.; Pass. f. of kaq-, used only
xrv Mtlh. al-hazima, 'disorderly flight, rout' impersonally. Xak. XI Glumdin kaqlldl:
k a p k Mel. 50, 7 ; kaqag (sir) Rif. 149: Gag. 'death (etc.) was fled from' (frtrra mina'l-
xv ff. kaqag (sic) guriz 'flight, rout' San. 267v. -mawt) Kay. II 134 (kaqllu:r, kay1lrna:k).
zo; kaqu in the idiom of the people of Turin D k u ~ u l -Pass. f. of kuq-; n.0.a.b. Uyg.
and Xwarazm 'a general flight, stampede' do. VIIIff. Bud. Sanskrit aniarhhtrjopagridhnm (a
267v. 23. child) 'carried in the arms' koylnda kugul-
E k ~ q ~ink USp. 42, 25 is a misreading of mqlg TT YIII D.II.
saqlg TT VII 36, 12.
T r i s . V. G@L-
D kuqak Conc. N. fr. kuq-; 'the bosom, lap', D kaqa:la:- Hap. leg.; Den. V. fr. kaqa:.
hence by extension 'an armful' and the like. Xak. xr 01 ne:gni: kaga:la:dl: 'he put (or
S.i.n.tn.l.g.; in SW Az., Tkm. gucak, Osm. stored?) thc thing in a container' (aw'd);
kucak. L.-w. in Pe., etc. Doerfer I11 1432. originally ka:qn:la:dl: but shortened Kay. III
Xak. xr one says bkr kuqak b6:z 'an armful 323 (kaqa:la:r, kaqa:la:ma:k).
(idbdra) of linen' (etc.) Kay. 1 382: <jag. xv ff.
k u c a g (sic?) Zgri~'bosom' San. 2 8 3 ~ 28:
. Kip. D k1q1:ln:- Den. V. fr. klq~:;'to tickle'. As
xrlr al-11idn 'bosom' ku:ga:k (sic) Hou. 21, 5 ; such, Hap. leg.; these are the only two words
ditto (after kuq-) kuqak (misvocalized htqrrk) in this group noted in the early period, but
do. 41, 11: X I V k u q a k (-c-) ditto fd. 69: xv there are in some modem languages words
al-yadd 'package, bale' (i.e. 'armful'?) k u ~ a k like SW Osm. (in a Tkm. form), Tkm. ~ I C I ~
Kav. 63, 18; ditto kuqak (-c-) TtrA. zra. I 'a tickle' and glctkla- 'to tickle', which are
(not to be confused in I<lp. with kugak < obviously cognate and seem to go back to a
kurga:g, q . ~ . ) . V. *klq- 'to irritate, tickle', which seems first
to he noted in P.de C. 444. Xak. XI 01 meni:
?D kuglk 'the constellation Cancer, the k1c;l:la:dr: 'he tickled (!lufzka j i ) my body in
Crab'; noted only in KB and the quotn. from places like the arm-pit or the sole of the foot,
K B in Rbg.; 'crab' is normally yeggeq, q.v., which, if a man touches them, provoke laugh-
and this word like sevit may have been in- ter' Kap. 111 323 (klql:la:r, klq1:la:ma:k):
vented by the author of KB as a Dev. N. fr. (XIV Ilfrrlt.(?) dagdagn 'to tickle' krqlk1a:-
kuq- in the sense of 'the animal which clasps (-c-; unvocalized) Rif. 108 (only)).
(its prey)'. Xak. XI K B in the list of the signs
of the zodiac in 139-41 the fourth sign Dis. GCM
'Cancer' is kuqlk: XIV Rbg. ditto (a direct
quotn. fr. K B ) R II 1009. D k u q a m Hap. leg.; N.S.A. fr. kug-; the
-a- is unusual, snd perhaps a scribal error.
D k a q g ~ nIntrans. Dev. N. fr. kaq-; 'fugi- Xak. XI bi:r k u q a m ne:g 'an armful (01-
tive' and the like. S.i.m.m.l.g. usually as -idbZra) of something' Ka?. I 398.
kaqkrn and the like. Xak. XI (in the gram-
matical introduction) kaqgrn e r ybtsikti: ?D klqmlk n.0.a.b.; apparently 'small frag-
ulhiqa'l-raculu'l-jZrr 'the fugitive was caught' ment, dust', and the like; v. G. in a note in
Kal. I 21, lo; a.0. III 106 (ybtsik-); U I V , p. 2 7 A t j 4 suggests that this is aDev. N.
n.m.e.: XIII(?) Tef.k a ~ g l n'flight' 206: {xrv in - m ~ kfr. *klq-; this is possible, but there
Muh. after kaqrg, q.v.; al-munhazam put does not seem to be any other instance of such
to flight' ka:qgu:nqt: Mel. 50,
146): Gag. xv €kaggun i. guriz ''kight';
.
Rif. a Suff. and there is no close semantic con-
nectlon. Uyg. v1r1 ff. Bud. (if there were as
 DIS.
Inany denlons as) ya& yCr a r k a s ~ n d a k t b i r koqgiir 'one rium' USp. 36, 3 ; koqugar
toprakntg p a r a m a n u kog k ~ q m r k'atoms Ii I1 12, 106: Xak. xr koqga:r ol-kohl 'ram'
(Sanskrit pararnd!ru), dust and fragments of (prov.); koqga:r ba:$l: the name of a town
soil on the back of the brown earth' U I V 20, Kay. 111381; 0.0. I1 lor, 9 (siisiig-); 111 loz,
253'4; 3.0. Hiien-Is. 322-3 (tepit-). 18: xrv Mull. 01-krtby ko:q ATPI. 70, 14; Rif.
172; n.o. 18, r r ; 97 (iizge:): Vag. xvff.
Dis. GCN kocknr ('with -c-') kojwn hoci Vel. 337
(I)) kaqan an Adv. both Interrog. and Tem- (quotn.); kogkar (spelt) 'a ran1 '(ktir), usually
poral ; '\vhen ?. when, ~vhenever'. Morpho- a wild (ktihi) ram, or a (io~nesticnted one
logically obscure but cognate to knp and (&yr krilri) Son. 283v. zS (quotn.): O g u z X I
kn:tiu:, q . v . S.i.a.rn.l.~.,hut not always with koq al-hohf; oriflinally koqga:r Ko?. I 321;
the full range of meanings. Uyg. V I I I ff. Man. a.0. I1 184 (slktiir-, not specifically Oiuz):
kaqan 18uk kaglmlz kallkdln kodl dn- X w a r . X I V koqkar ditto Nahc. 216, 2: Kom.
tigiz 'when you, our holy father, came down xrv 'ram' koqknr CCI, C G ; Gr.: Krp. xrrl
from the sky' T T I11 34-5: Chr. kaqan .. . a/-kaby T k m . koq Iforr. 14, 23: X I V
koq (-c)/koqkar ( - c - ) nl-kob$ Id. 69; Otrl. 7,
tegdiler e r s e r 'when (the Magi) reached'
(Dethlehern) U 1 6 , 7-8: Uud. birok kayuda 12: xv a/-knbg koqka:r (-c-) Kuv. 62, I ; 7'1th.
knpan yalaguk ajuntnta t u g m a k ~b o l s a r lob. 13.
'if sonie\vhere and sometime he is reborn in Dis. V. CCN-
hu~nanform' U I1 29, I 1-13 ; kaqan kayu kiin I) k n q ~ n -Rcll. f. of kaq-; s.i.s.ni.1. Xak. X I
'whenever' (follou~edby Conditional) do. 79, 01 m e n d i n kaqtndl: 'he pretended to run
54; kaqan 'when' U I11 54, 18 (damaged); away (yohr~rb)from me' Kaj. 11IS.+ (kaqlnur,
0.0. P p 51, 5-6; 6 4 ; T T X 537,546, 567; kaq1nma:k).
IIiien-IS. 78, etc. : Civ. kaqan 'when' (followed
by Conditional) USp. 6 , 4 ; 49.6; there does not T r i s . GCN
seern to be any clear case of Interrog. kaqan V U F xuqu:nek (kcif) Ilap. leg.; no douht
in Uyi.: Xak. xr kaqan a Particle (horf) a I.-w., prob. Iranian. Xak. xr xuqu:nek 'a
meaning mat< 'when?'; hence one says kaqan colocynth' (nl-lrnrioco nrina'l-hot1i.r); it has a
keldig 'when did you corne?'; it also means sweet sn~clland is pnrticolourcd (or 'with
lorn 'if', hence one says k a q a t ~barsa:sen 'if a rough surface', mu~rnqqnyn)Kaf. I 488.
you went'; it also means idci 'when', but the
first meaning is the original one Kay. I 403; Dis. CCR
senin bargu:g kaqa:n (sic) 'when will you D k a p a r Distr~bi~tive f. of knp 'Iiow mnny
go?', but the Oguz say senig bara:stg each?' and the like. Survives in SW Osm. In
kapn:n 1169, 7; 0.0. 1352, 10; 467, 8 (both the quotn. below the \ocalization is not clear,
iclC);111207, 22 (lau~):K B (I will tell the king) but 110 other explanation of the word seems
kaqan kelgii oz 'when you jwurself will possible. Xak. ur yeti:ge:nig k a q a r sa:dtm
come' 510; 0.0. 950, 4425 (iq), 6176 (erki:): 'adod~rr cla~uordn bandt nof mirdra(n) 'I
~ I I I ( ? At.
) olardln o s a n m a k k a c a n 01 counted the number uf revolutions of Ursa
m a g a 'when shall I ever weary of them'? 32; Major' K(ay. I I I 247, 24; n.m.e.
three 0.0. of 'when?'; Tef. kaqanlkaqan k i m
'when' 206: xrv Mith. tt~ahrnd'wheneverlkaga:n
Rif. 94 (only); mold kacan Mel. 17, 8; 95:
pfi. s v ff. k a p n (spelt) kay roo rih waqt I3 kaqur- Cam. f. of kaq-; 'to put to flight,
drive away', and the like. S.i.a.m.1.g.; cf.
mhe~,?'(quotn.); kaqnnga tbgrii 'till when?'
(quotn.); kaqanga c a ditto (quotn.) Son. kaqtt-, kaqtur-. Xak. xr m e n ant: kaqur-
2 6 7 ~ . zo: O g u z xr see Xnk.: Xwar. xrlr d u r n nnfnrttthrr tun s~rqttrhrrrtr~rnhasirnnra!rtid
kapnn '\\.hen?' 'Ali 17: s ~ ditto v Qtrtb 127; ki7rib 'I scared I ~ i maway and drove him away
PIN 75, etc.: Kom. x ~ v'when?' knqan; in disorderly Higilt' KO$.11 75 (kaqururmen.
when, if' kaqanlkacan k i m CCI, CCG; kaqurma:k); about 10 0.0. usually translated
G'r. 158 (quotns.): KIP. X I I T nintd kaqan, nhrabn 'to put to flight'.
several quotns.; it also means id3 Hou. 55, 20: D ki:qur- IIap. leg.; Caus. f. of *kc$-, see
xlv kaqon (-c-) mntli fd. 69; Bul. 15, 6: xv kt$l:la:-, but the semantic connection with
mom kagan (sic) Kav. 16, 14; kaqan, also this group of words is rather tenuous. Xak.
used for the Conditional (fartiyo), in the latter XI 01 a g a r kt:gurdt: ICmahu fiarnr run ofmala
case (the V.) requires the Conditional Suff., 'oloyhi rua faril~abi-md opibahu minn'l-lromm
e.g. kaqan kelse kelirmen 'when he comes, 'he criticized him, and was pleased at his nlis-
I shall come' T~rh.65a. 12 ff.: O s m . xrv ff. fortunes and \reas delighted at the anxieties
kaqan 'when?; when', and in various idioms; which assailed h ~ m KO$.
' 111 187 (kt:qura:r,
c.i.a.p. TTS I 400; I1 560; I11 398; IV 449. k1:gurma:k).
koqga:r 'ram'; 1.-\r. in hlorig. as kfrfa (sic; D knqurt- Caus. f. of kagur- ; s.is.m.l. Xak.
Kozu. 940); s.i.a.m.l.g., in one or two NE xr 01 a m : kaqurttr: 'he urged hini to drive
lnnpuapes as kuqa (reborrowed fr. &long.); in away ('otri'l-ilar(ib) someone else' Kat. llI 431
S\V:\z., Tkm. goq;Osm. koq elsewhere usually (kaqurtur, kaqurtma:k).
koqkar or the like. See Shcherbnk, p. I I r ;cf.
irk. L.-w. in Pe., etc., Doerfer 111 1550-1. D kaqrus- Hap. leg.; Recip. f. of knqur-.
Uyfi, V I I I ff. Civ. (in a list of livestock, etc.) Xak. X I ola:r ikki: knqrugdr: 'the two of
 them drove one another away' (ldrada) Kay. II 'Tokharian' form) appears in U 111 74, 7 as
218 (kaqrugu:r, ka$ruqma:k). ktkf and also in the Chin.-Uye. Dict. where
ch'i lin, trst~ally translated 'unicorn' (Giles
'IIrIs. V. GCR- 1,044 7 , 1 8 6 ) is trarrslafed k a t R I1 273;
1) k a q r u m s l n - IIep. leg.; Itefl. Si~nulative Ligeti 164.
Den. V. fr. a N.S.A. * k a q r u n ~ fr. kaqur-.
Xak. X I ol ant: kaqrumslndt: 'he pretended 1 k a t basically 'a layer' of something, hence
to put hi111 to flight and drive h ~ naway ~ 'a fold' (of a blanket), 'a story' (of a house)
(yrth,rrril~rrIrrr tc.0 yo!toridi~/rtr), hut did nr~t and the Ilke; thence, on the analogy of a num-
really do s r ~ 'Kog. 11 261, 9 (a gra~nniatical ber of layers, 'times' in such expressions as
exa~i~ple); n.1n.e. 'so many times'. C.i.a.p.a.1. L.-w. in Pe.,
etc., Doerjer 111 1429. l'iirkii VIII ff. (a great
houqe was burnt) katt:ga: tegi: k a l m a d u k
1) kaq19 IInp. leg.; 1)cr.. N. (connotir~~ joint 'down to the (pround) floor nothing remained'
action) fr. kaq-. Xak. X I k a q q GI-mur~~ifara IrkB 9 (cf. 2 biik); a.o. do. 50 (6qlirgU:):
wa'l-nrrc!nmd~~ boyna'l-qaw~n 'general panic Man. o n k a t kok 'the tenfuld heavens' M I
and d~sorderlyI l i ~ h tamong the peoplc' Kaj. 14, 6-14; a.o. Chuos. 42-3 (asra:): Uyg.
1 3 6 9 (prov.). vrrr ff. Man. T T 111 59 (alkat-): Bud. PP
39, 5 ( k a r l m ) ; Tiy. 4 7 b 8 (aju:n): Civ. o n
D kugug Dev. N. (connoting reciprocal k a t kag oyun 'the tenfold kaf game' T T I 94;
action) fr. ku$-. S.i.s.rn.1. Xak. xr k u p g (if a n~ouse)k a t k a t l s l r s a r 'bites through
al-mtt'linaqa 'mutual ernlxacing' Kay. I 369. several layers (of a garnient)' T T VII 36, 6:
Xak. xr k a t 'a fold' (Iiny) of anything; one
Dis. V. Gc$- says to:n k a t ~ 'a : fold of a garment'; hence the
D k a p g - Recip./Co-op. f. of kaq-; s.i.s.m.1. folds and bends (ma*d!if. . . ma mahdni) of the
for 'to run away from one another', or 'to fly mountains are called (kat) kadra:k (sic) Kay,
togpthrr in confusion'. Xak. sr o1a:r bi:r I 320; 0.0. 1 4 7 1 (kadra:k); I11 27 (ybtti:):
bi:rdin kaq~gtt:fanl?forri'they fled from one K B y a g ~ zy b r k a t ~ n d a k ai l t u n tag 01 'there
another' Kaj. 11 92 (kaq19u:r, kaq1gma:k). is gold ore in the strata of the brown earth'
213; (if I remain alone) k a r a y 6 r k a t l n 'in a
D kuquq- Recip. f. of kuq-; 'to embrace one layer of black earth' 395; 0.0. 883, 1371,4102:
another'. S.i.s.ni.1. Uyg. vrrr ff. Bud. PI' 52, xrrr(?) Tef. k a t 'layer'; k a t u n d a , etc. 'by my
8 (iiptig-): Xak. X I o l m e n i g birle: kuqugdr: (etc.) side' and similar phr. 203: xrv Rbg.
'dnaqani 'he exchanged embraces with me' (heaven and earth were) b i r k a t 'a single layer'
Kay. I1 92 (kugugu:r, kuqugma:k); a.o. III (by His might He divided heaven and earth
188 (kavlg-): Gag. xv ff. kuqug- 'to ernbrace and made them) yeti k a t 'seven layers' R II
(mrr'finaqn ma bajal-giri kardan) one another' 274: xrv Muh. 'inda 'at, near, by, beside', etc.
Son. 283v. zo (quotns.): X w a r . xrv ditto katlnda: Mel. 18, 17; ka:tlnda: Rry. 98; 0.0.
Qrctb 142. 17, 2-3; 95: Cag. xvff. k a t fabaqa 'layer,
story' Son. 267r. 18 (quotns.): O g u z X I k a t
Mon. GD a Particle (horf) which corresponds to 'inda:
ka:d 'snow-storm; blizzard'. Survives in S\V hence one says beg katmda: 'by the side of the
Tkm. g a y ; xx Anat. k a y S D D 8jq in the beg'; begle:r katin 'indn'l-unmrd Kaj. 164, 14
latter case sometimes for 'heavy' or 'fine rain'; (in a Xak. verse): X w a r . xrrr k a t with Poss.
listed in Sami 1044 hut described as 'obsolete'. Suff.s 'beside' 'Ali 22: xrv k a t ( I ) ditto; (2)
Xak. XI ka:d 'a snowstorm' which kills 'layer'; katalkatla (so many) 'times' Qrctb
people; hence one says ka:d b o l d ~ :haydcrr'l- 135: k l t (sic) as k a t ( I ) do. 149; k a t in both
-dantoq (sic) 'a snow-storm came on;' this hap- meanings MN 4, etc.: (the Prophets have)
pens in the mountains both in summer and b a l 5 k a t k a t 'numerous trials' Nahc. 34, 13:
winter, but in the plains (ol-qa!rZri) only in the K o m . xrv k a t ( I ) 'layer'; (2) with Poss. Suffs.
winter Kay. I11 147 (verse); same verse 11223, 'with, ncar' CCI, C C G ; Gr. 196 (quotns.):
l o (6sne:-): Gag. xv ff. k a y korla ya&n KIP. xrrr 'inda is k a t i n (sic) in Turkish as in
yofmrir 'rain nnd snow mixed' Vel. 327; d ~ t t o senin katrnda: 'irtdak . . . m e n u m katumda:
Son. 28rr. 2 0 : KIP. xrv ka:y al-barad wu'l- 'indi, etc. IIotc. 54, 7: xrv k a t tZq 'layer'; one
-mafar ma'a(n) 'hail and rain simultaneously' says b i r k a t 'one layer'; iki: k a t 'two layers'
fd. 77: O s m . xrv to xvrrr kay 'heavy rain'; fd. 68; k a t 'inda do. 73; 'indimentim kattm-
fairly common T T S 1 4 3 6 ; 11603; 111425; da: Bul. 14, 15; a.o.0.: xv s e n i n k a t ~ n d a :
I V 485. Kaw. 27, 15; a.o.0. do. 32, 20; 36, 1-3; 'inda
k a t Tuh. 89b. 3 ; a.0.o. : O s m . xrv ff. k a t
k a t Preliminary note. Apart from 1 k a t and (occasionally krt) with Poss. S&.s 'near,
2 ka:t beloru k a t has also brrn read as the name beside, in the presence of'; c.i.a.p. T T S I 4 3 1 ;
of the mythological monster in Xwar. s ~ r r ( ? ) I1 597; I11 419; I V 480: xvrrr k a t in Rtimi,
Og. zz ff, This is certainly on error. Sinor has h r ~ d ~'presence';
ir k a t k a t 'layer on layer, fold
pointed orrt thrrt these scriptions are attempts on fold' Son. 267r. 18 (the second perhaps
to represent one or other of two Sanskrit u$urds Cair.).
ganda and khaJga or Prakrit forms of tlzem, 2 ka:t (ka:d) a generic term for 'berry'; sur-
all r n r o ~ r i ~'rhinocrros'.
t~ I<hadm (prob. in a vives in some NE languages R I1 275 and
 MON. G D
T u v . , the particular kind hcing indicated hy in the astronomical texts 7.7' VII 4, 10, 18,
an rlttributive. X a k . X I ka:t !~ornln'l-'idiih ctc. k u t (and less often tii:z) rcprcscnts 'ele-
ocrna' 'a generic term for the fruit of thorn rncnt' it1 the sense of the livc: c.lctiients, firr,
hushes'; one says avilgu: k a : t ~ : 'the fruit of water, earth, metal, and \voirrl: X a k . X I k u t
the qnr1n tree', and (VU) sanq8a:tl k a : t ~ : a/-dnrclo rcn'l-cndd ' c r ~ i ~ df<,rtutir' (Iiord.),
Fontlrr'l-idzh; this fruit is crushed and ~iiiucd hence a man is called kutluj: K n ~ . 1 320
with curdled milk and used to colcrur frrtrna:r; (verse; the basic rnennir~gof d~~roliz is 'change,
i n Yeme:k. Klp., Ra:y, l'ata:r it is uscd for vicissitude', hence 'fcrrtunc' and csp. 'pood
' any kind of tree KO$. III 146.
'the f r u ~ t of fortune'); 1 163 (1 UC-) ancl ahnut 1 0 c1.o.
translated (inlnrcla, rnriri or hn.vt '~ocrdfortune':
k u t originally in a rather n?ystiC:ll sense 'thc K U k u t , which is clc:~rly syn. \v. d a w l n t
favour of heaven', thcnce, lrss specifically and is rrftrn assoriatccl \vitlr it, as rn the title
'good fortune' and the like, and thence, Inore of Clinp. XX (1045 ff.) k u t ~ I V I I I E11su.Int I
gctierally, 'happiness'. I n ICR, where i t is i r s e l l f k i 'the f i c k l e 1 1 1 of ~ ~ ro~-tirllcand t l ~ c
regarded as syn. m. Ar. dnrcln, it crime to rncan, u n t r r l s t \ \ o r t l ~ i ~ ~ of
e s sIttck', iq very ceirnnnon,
Inore neutrally, 'fortune', either good or had. cotn~nonest for 'good fortune', hut 'nlajcsty'
S.i.a.m.l.g., usually for 'good fortune, happi- is a170 c o ~ i i n ~ c , nt ;h r twr) ore conrt>incd in
nrss', and the like, but in one o r two languages, t i r l l s u n i t e r k e n k u t ~n ~ i kr o~t u n 'may your
esp. in NE, it seems rather to mean 'soul, life Rlajcsty live in 1111 kinds of gnod fortunr';
force'. More o r less syn. w. klv, q.v. I n two 0.0. ~ o (yt e r k e n ) , 456, ctc.: s ~ ~ t (Tef. ? ) kkut
late CJyi;.. Civ. texts thc word transcribed kut 'good fortiune' 219: ($2. X Y tT. k u t , in Mong.
is a transcription in T T 1/11 42, 4 of (Ar.) (sic) t~tnynrailnt zL'n sn'rid(~t 'goor1 fortune,
qtrwrcat 'strength', and in U S p . 88, a4 of qtit happincss' Son. 283r. 20: X w ; ~ r , X I V k u t
'food'. T u r k u V I I I U m a y t e g o g u m x a t u : n 'good fortune, happincss, majesty' ()ufh 146:
kutlga: 'because my lady mother, who re- KIP. XI^ k u t nl-~,rrnrn 'happincss, good for-
sembles (the goddess) Umay, enjoyed the tune'; hence kutlu:; also pronounced k ~ but [
favour of heaven' I E 31; 0.0. I S 9, II N 7 k u t is the original form; une of thcir curses is
(ticun); II E 35 (tapla:-): V I I ~ff. (a god k u t k o r s u n 'may his good fortune wither'
speaks) k u t b e r g e y men 'I will give you ~y (ynfl~is);also uscd in thc meaning 'may his
divine favour' IrkB 2 ; tegri: kut1:nta: by ~ntclligenccand unrlcrstan~litiy.withcr' fd. 68:
the favour of heavcn' do. 15; 0.0. do. 36 xv bnrnkn 'hlcssing' k u t 'I'rrlr. 78. 6 : O s m .
(uqru:&lu:g); 47: Man. (if we have bowed s v l 01-yttmn tral~slated k u t in onc dict.
down t o false doctrirics and) k u t k o l u T T S 11 670.
y u k u n t u m i i z 'worshipped asking for divine
favour' Chuas. 150; 0.0. do. qj-6 ( ~ I v ) AT ; Rion. V. CD-
I11 10, 6 (ii): U y g . v11r ff. Man. tiikel kut kn:d- I'reliminary note. ?%e only If. nctrrnllj.
b u l r n a k ~ ~ j l[bolzun]
z 'mny you attain com- noted in ikis form ir fknt listed i ~ rI<a$., hrrt
plete divine favour' M I11 42, 12 (i); 0.0. M drr. f.s l i k ~2 k a d l t - , k n r j ~ r - ,rtc. skorc that
I! s, 4, (ii) (btigulen-); T T 111 66 ( t u z g e r i n p
812); In one passage k u t seems to mean 'a Bay-, q.o., nrrrst ori,yitrolly Irrnre hren pro-
~ersonificationof divine favour, a benevolent i~orrncc.(lka:d-.
spirit3, yCr s u v k u t l i r i n u r o t s u v k u t ~ 1 ka:d- homophonous wit11 k;l:@, q.v.; as
i g l a y u r i l g a y k u t ~u f i y u r 'the benevoIent
spirits of land and water are miserable, the such Hap. leg., but survivcs in NC IClr. k a y l - .
X n k . SI e r kn:dtl: 'the m;ui rficd ns a r e ~ u l t
benevolent spirits of fire and water weep, the hbg. 111 440
of n blizzar<l' (irri~r~z'l-~l(zrrtoq)
benevolent spirits of shrubs and trees lament' (ka:dn:r, ka:dma:k).
Af I1 12, 3-6: Chr. (let us go and worship)
n n l g u l u g k u t q a 'His great niajcsty' U 1 5 , I 2 *ka:d- See kny-.
(here an attribute, riot a gift, of a divine per-
sonage): Bud. k u t is v e T common, both in the 1 k e t - 'to mix (two tliinjis)', nnd more
sense of 'the favour of heavcn', and in a sense specifically 'to add (somethi~igAcr.) to (some-
of which the best equivalent is 'majesty'; the thing else Dai.)'. S.i.a.m.1.g. except S C ( ? ) ;
first meaning appears in such passages as (the sometimes used for 'to twist (\v0111 into thread)'.
prince reached the islan<l) k u t l i i l u g i iiqun See 1 k a r - . ( T i i r k u v ~ l rk a t d i m r z in T 35
'because he enjoyed the favour of heaven and is a misreading of n k l t d t m ~ z ) :Uyg. V I I I ff.
good fortune' PP 33, 5, and the second in Alan. i n q a k [ a l t ~isig] suvui: k i m t u r n l l e
k a g ~ mk u t i 'His Rlajesty m y father' do. 6, 4; [ s u v k a ] k a t s a r 'just as if one adds warm
the meaning of the common phr. b u r x a n water to ice cold water' (it becomcs potable)
k u t i is less obvious; it is usually translated 1Vind. 40-2; a.o. do. 47-9: Ilud. k a n y i r i g
'the blessed state of being a Buddha' and in a r ~ j i s i zb i r l e k a t ~'mixing blood, pus, and
some contexts it must have that meaning, e.g. filth' T T X 549-50; k a t l p 'adding' (thcir own
k a y u k u n b u r x a n k u t ~ nb u l s a r 'when (you) good deeds to the evil deeds of tnankintl) TT
attnin the blessed state of being a Buddha' PI' V I 3 5 5 : Civ. (take various ingredients and)
40, 6-7, but in others it looks more like 'the b o r k a b e g i n i k e (so read) k n t ~ p'mix them
divine favour of the Buddha'; 0.0. TT I V 12, with wine and beer' IT 1 5 2 - 3 ; many sin~ilar
51-2 (at-); U I V 10, 51 (co:g): Civ. a y t e g r i phr. in N I , H II 6 , 9 ; 7.1' V I I z z , 20; VIII
b a t t l k u t u g u z e 'the moon has set on your L.17 (i5gre:ki:); A7 33: X a k . X I nl sirke:ni:
n n n A fnrttlne' TT r do. n n. r h . 116 ( a h : - ) : y u g r u t k n : k a t t ~ : 'he tnixcd (ninzarn) the
 vinegar with clotted milk (yogurt)'; also used presumably 'with -1- not -8;') ( I ) rawd +fun
of anything which is blenclcd (nilito) with 'to allow, approve, consent ; (2) r u ria wa
somcthing else Kap. I1 205 ( 2 kat- follows); pariza gartra hardnn 'to cut into small pieces or
0.0. 1386, 24 (1sl:z); 432, 16 ( I kar-); 440, 21 : slices' Snn. 299v. 6 (quotns.): Klp. X I V luy-
I<B b u 98'1r sBzi k a t t ~siizke tuzl 'this xiita xiyii!n rtimiya 'to do needlework in the
poet's remark added its salt to the conversation' Greek fashion'; (2) corara 'alZ gay' 'to venture
711; a.o. 1064: XIII(?)At. (this world holds on something7fd. 77: xv &no 'to become base
honey in one hand and) birin zahd k a t a r or contemptible' kly- Tuh. 38a. 4.
'adds poi~onwith the other' 206; Z'ef. kat-
'to add' 203: xrv Muh. a/-nrnzc ka:tmak Mel. ?I) ko:d- proh. an Intensive f. of *ko:-;
13, I ; 37, I ; Rij. 89, 122; nlnzaca ka:t- 31, 5 ; originally 'to put down, abandon, give up',
I 15; frrtnla 'to twise, pin' ka:t- 29, 13 ( I 13 thence more indefinitely 'to put' and the like.
tavra:t-); nl-fntl k a t m a k 35, 5 ; 120 (mis- S.i.a.m.1.g. usually as koy-, in S W Osm. more
sprlt knmnk): (:RE. xv fT. k a t - iimirtnn run usually ko-; cf. ko:n-, koyug, koyul-.
mnnrzric knrdnn 'to mix, blcn<l', also katlgtnr- Tiirkii vrlr (so many people came and brought
Son. 2 6 5 ~ .25 (quotns.): Xwnr. xlv kat- 'to innumerable hlood horses and furs and) k o p
add to, mix with some thin^ lint.)' Qntb 135; kot(t)l: 'deposited them all (on the grave)'
'to confine (someone) in (some place)' Nahc. II S 12: (the 'I'urkii people . . . got a xan of
19, 11; 0.0. 389, 5; 421, r I ( y a : ~ ) :KIP. XIII their own; thcn) xanl:n k o a u p t a v g a ~ k a :
'to blend' (.mlofa) in the sense uf blending one yana: i ~ i k d i :'thcy ahandoned their m n and
thing with another k a t - (rnisvocalized ltot-) submitted to China again' 7 2 ; a.0. 7' 3:
Ifotc. 38, 2: x ~ kv a t - 'to join ami inn) one thing vrrr ff. IrkR 9 (2 buk), 42 (i?i:$): Uyg. vrn
to another'; hence k a t ~ k'thc scasoning (nl- (I did not dcstruy the common people or take
-idcim) which is mixed in bread' Id. 69: xv their property . . .) t u r g u r u : kot(t)rm
xaln!iz k a t - (and kar1-) Tuh. Iga. 4. 'I raised them u p and left them alone' (or
'settled them down'?); (I said 'you are my
2 k a t - 'to be hard, firm, tough', and the like. people, follow me', and) k o d u p b a r d ~ m$u.
S.i.s.rn.l. In all groups; I.-w. in Mong. as kota- E 2 ; k o t ( t ) l m 'I put' (my tents at Ersegiin)
(Konu. 773). see Doerfir I 283. Uy& vrrr $u. do. N 6: vrrr ff. Man. (just as a craftsman, if
E 6 (blrle:): Xak. xr (after 1 k a t - ) and one he cannot get suitable raw materials) lgin
says yumga:k ne:g kattt: 'the soft thing b a r q a k o d u r 'gives up his work entirely' M
became hard' (snlilbo) Kng. 11 295 (kata:r. I 17, 2; a p a m birok m u n ~ t e ga r l g n o m u g
katma:k); t u t g u n bolup 01 kata:r trans- n o m l a p k o d m a s a r 'if you had not ex-
lated fa'l-dn i~taddaBa'd mxiiwa bilti 'and now haustively preached the pure doctrine like this'
he suffers hardship after leading a comfortable T T I11 64-5 (note kod- is here an Aux. V.);
life' I z o 5 , 6; t a m g a k katn:r translated 'his a.o. do. 62-3: Bud. Sanskrit apahiiya 'abandon-
jaw stiffens (yurtadd) owing to the dryness of ing' and apdsya 'laying aside' both translated
his mouth' 1 4 6 7 , 9: K B 1059 (bogttt-): xrv p d o p (PIS. kotop) T T V I I I D.18-19; vihanti
M~ilt.(?)qazoiya 'to be strong, tough' kat- Rif. they give up' kodor (kotor) do. 39; barqaka
r 14 (only): Gag. xv ff. k a t - (-lp, etc.) Katz ve k u m a r u soz kodtl 'left (these) parting words
soxt 01- 'to be hard, tough' Vel. 315 (quotns.); with them all' PP 76, 3; 0.0. TT X 259,
k a t - snxt ~rmdonSon. 265v. 25 (quotns.): KIP. Hiien-ts. 92 (i:z); 98: Civ. (take various
xrv k a t - i~taddaId. 668. ingredients . . . and) b u r u n k a k o d s a r
'deposit them in the nostrils' H 1 8 8 , 161; 0.0.
kt$- ( ? k ~ : d - ) as such 1Inp. leg., hut the T T VII 6, 8-13; V I l l 1.7: Xak. XI 01 1:gtn
original form of k ~ y -which s.i.a.nl.1.g. with ko:dtl: 'he abandoned (taraka) his work' (or
a rather wide range of meanings. In view of anything else) Kay. I11 440 (verse; ko:du:r,
the similar wide range of meanings below it ko:dma:k); 01 ne:g kottl: 'he abandoned the
is hard to determine the original meaning. thing', originally ko:dt~:but assimilated I1295
Tiirkii V I I I (if one man offended) ugugl: (kodu:r, kodrna:k): 5 or 6 0.0. translated
b o d u n ~ bbgiiklge:
: tegl: k t d m a z e r m i g 'they taraka; avlap men1 koymaglz 'when you
did not spare(?) his clan and people right down have caught me, do not desert me' (16 taxdulini)
to (infants in) the cradle' I S 6, 11N 4: Xak. I145, 25 : KB kod- 'to lay aside, abandon', etc.
XI e r sli:zin ktydl: xdlnfa'l-mcul fi kalCtnihi is common, e.g. (if you cannot do this) kodgtl
nua 'idntihi 'the man went back on his word billg 'lay aside reasonableness' (and reach for
and promise'; and one says 01 ytga:q ktydt: a sword) 222; (this kind of position as beg is
qqa'a'l-xajab mrif~rifn(n)'he cut the piece of no use to me) k o d u r m e n salja 'I yield it to
wood on the slant' Kaj. 111 246 (ktya:r, you' 925; kodgtl b u 962 'do not talk like that'
k1yma:k): KB (one kind of bad men is the 1080; 0.0. 1130, 2003, etc.; in other contexts
liar) m u n ~ g d ab a s a s l sBziig klyganl 'the it means rather 'to bequeath' e.g. (knowing he
next is the man who goes back on his word' was dying . . .) bitlp kodmtg a t l n t i r l g k e
338; (if he is bad-tempered and irritable or bitig 'he wrote 111s reputation in a book and
a drunkard) yS k l y g a n elig 'or dishonest' bequeathed it to the living' 258; 0.0. 755, 1231,
( ? i.e. withdrawing his hand from a promise?) 1354: XIII(?)At. kod-, usually spelt koy- in
850; (an envoy is not to be blamed) s h i n the MSS., 'to lay aside, abandon' is fairly
k l y m a s a 'so long as he does not distort the common, e.g. (put on the garment of tighteous-
message (entrusted to him)' 3816; 3.0. 2013 ness) koyup egrillk 'laying crookedness aside'
(umunq): Gag. xv ff. kty- (ha-i~hii'-i kasra, 167; a.0. 407 (2 yC:r-); Tef. ko~-/k02-/kOy-
'to put' 210--IT:X I V Muh. tataka ko:y- MeZ. 498-with a different shading of meaning in
24, 5; Ri/.106; al-tark ko:yrnak 36, I ; 121 ; Sanskrit pra&fhawedand 'strong perception'
wada'a 'to place, put' ko:y- 32, 3; ko:- 116; kodt (spelt kotr) te:ginme:ki T T VIII A.4;
wada'a 'to allow' ko:y- 39, 18; ko:- 128: F a g . $~labadt-I aqari icjmayuklga a y i k o d ~
xv ff. koy- (-ar, etc.) ko-, ya'ni tfrk eylr- Vel. 6pkesi kelip 'lxcorning extremely angry
347 (quotns.); koy- giiddftan to abandon, because Silabhadra A c ~ r y ahad not sent him'
relinquish'; in Rzinti ko- San. 291v. 29 Hiien-IS. 286-8: Civ. k o d ~a s t r a (sic) kigiqe
(quotns.): Xwar. xrrr ko- 'to put' 'Ali 27: t u t s a r m c n 'if I trcat h l n ~as a l ~ and
w inferior
xrv kod-/koy- 'to put, put domn' Qutb 138; person' USp. 98, 2-2: Xak. X I k o d ~ 'the : lower
ditto and 'to abandon' Nahc. 31, 5; 238, 13: part (01-asfal) of anything'; hence one says
Kom. X I V 'to put; to lay aside' koy- CCI, kodt: i l d ~ :nazala illi'l-arfrll 'he descended'
CCG; Gr. 198 (quotns.): KIP, X I I I mlld 'to Koj. I11 220; 1 1 o.o., once spelt ko:dl: and
let go, release' koy- Ifou. 35, 5; 39, 18; !lat!a three times in error ko:dl:: K13 72 (knk1:-
'to put, lay domn' koy- 39, 14; 52, 19; key- la:-); 119 ( k a v r ~ i - ) ;1055 (egil-): X I I I ( ?At.
)
as an AUK.V. do. 36,7 (tik-) and kabha 'to turn (ignorance) ern1 qiikerdi ko41 'makes a man
upside down' donduru: koy- do. 43, 9: xlv kneel down' 102; (Gotl) kernqtir kodt 'casts
koy- tnroka hi-ma'nd r~~ada'a Id. 77: xv xallG down' (the proud man) 282: Tef. k @ / k o d ~ /
koy- Kao. 77, 12; Tuh. 14h. I I : O s m . xlv ff. kodu/kozl 'down' lbf, 210-1 I : F a g . xv ff.
ko- 'to put aside, ahandon; allow; release; koyl aga2a 'down' Vel. 346 (quotns.); koyl zir
hinder'; c.i.a.p. T T S 1479; 111469; I V 534; dadd-i bdla 'under, down', opposite to 'over,
San. 291 v. 25 (Gag.). up'; in Ar. m11t Son. 292v. 24 (quotns.):
X w a r . X I V kodl/kodu 'below' (someone Abl.)
kud- 'to pour out (a liquid)'; practically syn. Qutb 138. 9* '
w. tok-. S.i.a.m.l.g. as kuy- and the Ilke, often
in the more restricted sense of 'to cast (metal V U kutu: in KI3 'a class or group of people';
pb~ects)'. Uyg. VIII ff. Bud. Sanskrit Bhirya perhaps s.i.s.m.l. as kutllkutu 'a small box'.
having filled' k u d u p (spelt kutup) T T VIII L.-w. in this sense in I'e., etc. Lloerfer I11
(2.9: Xak. xr e r kupke: su:v kuydl: 'the man 1569. Xak. xr KB bulardln n a r u k i kalln
poured (jabha) water into the jar; or tipped it b i r k u t u 'apart froni thcse a large group of
in (qallabahd)'; also used of any liquid Ka$. people' (follows thern) 2710; tarlgql t u r u r
111 246 (kuya:r, kuyma:k); 0.0. translated k o r t a k i bir k u t u 'the farmers, see, are
fabba 11139, 12; 171, 17 (kuya:'): Gag. xv ff. another group' 4400; a.0. 4456.
(after koy-) also used for 'to pour out water'
(rixtan db) Sun. 291 v. 29: Xwar. xlv kud-
ditto Qtrth 142; kuy- ditto 143: KIP. X I V kadu:- 'to sew or stitch (e.g. a garment) very
kuy- ~ a b b arca dci'a ('to squander') Id. 77. firmly'; as such Ilap, leg. but survives with the
same meaninp in N C Ktr. kayl-; cf. kadut-,
Dis. CDA kadug-. Xak. xr 01 to:nug kadu:di: Sam-
D kata: 'times' in the sense of '(so many) raca'l-xiydla rca'l-darz 'hc sewed the needle-
times'; morphologically obscure, der. fr. work or seam firmly' KO?. I11 260 (kadu:r,
1 k a t , perhaps a crasis of the Lac., but there kacju:rna:k).
does not seem to be any actual occurrence of T r i s . GDC
katta:. N.0.a.b. T i i r k u VIII ff. ikl:nti: kata: ?I:kudu:qak See k u d u r ~ a k .
'a second time' Tojak IVr. 2 ( E T Y I1 180):
Yen. Afal. 31, 4 (tegzin-): Uyg. vrrl ff. filan. D ~ S GDD
.
A1 129, 14 (1 okx-): Bud. (if one listens to
this dfrrTrani) b i r k a t a 'once' U I1 34, 12; D k a t u t r\ctivc(?) Dev. N. fr. 1 k a t - ;
k a c k a t a 'several times' PP 23, 8; a.o.0. : Civ. n.0.a.b.; the semantic connection of the second
ti^ k a t a 'three times' H I 127; a.o.0.: Xak. meaning is tenuous. Xak. X I k a t u t al-miztic
XI kata: a Particle (!~arf) meaning marrata(t1) 'a liquid mixture'; hence one s ~ y sk a t u t l u g
<t~nie',
. hence one says b k r kata: a y d r m o k 'an arrow impregnated (a[-nmtnzric) with
'I said once' Ka,c I11 218; 0.0. I 3 2 1 (kaq); poison': I3arsga:n XI kntut 'a segment' (al-
498, 20: XIII(?) At. m i 9 k a t a 'a thousand -faliq): hence one says a r m u t katuti: 'a seg-
times' 67; Tef. k a t a ditto 203: X w a r . X I V ment of pear': Xak. X I k a t u t a[-_tort 'the
ditto Qrrfb 135; Nahc. 248, 6. glue' which shoemakers use Kaj. I1 284.
D kodl: Adv. ( ? Ger.) fr. ko:d-; 'down- is. V. GDD-
wards'. Survives only(?) in SC Uzb. k u y i D kadlt-, etc. Preliminary note. All these V.s
F c ) . T i i r k u vllr Selege: kodl: yorrpan
advancing down the Selenga river' I1 E 37; are listed under the cross-heading -D- iogetl~ez
a.0. T 27: V I I I ff. IrkR 50 ( y a d r ~ t - ) : Uyg. rcitlt begut-, q.v., and Kag.'s note thereon makes
VIII Selege: kodl: 811. R 4: vIrr ff. Alan.-A it clear that tiiis spelling was deliberate, but
Gzumin k o d ~ldayin 'I will launch myself etymological~vthis must have been only a dialect
downwnrds' Man.-uig. Frag. 401, 2; a.0. M I form. The MS. actlrally has -d- almost every-
26, 26 (ilgerii:): Man. T T 11120 (iisturti:); tohere.
35: Dud. orunlukdtn k o @ Liz ~ kemigti 'he
threw hirnseif down from his throne' I'P 61, D 1 kadlt- IIap. Irg.; Caus. f. of 1 ka:d-, hut
5-6; 0.0. U I11 31, 8 etc. (6rii:); T T . Y 31 I , hardly Caus. in meaning except perhaps in the
 DIS.
sense af 'to allow oneself to be frozen to death'. common 350 (kutadsu), 352. 682, 1663, etc.;
Xak. XI (after 2 kadlt-) also of a man when he sometimes clearly Intrans. e.g. bilig bllse
dies of cold and is frozen stiff ( ? ; i& mdta kiinde kutacjur kani 'if a man is wise, he is
mina'l-bard fa'$rodda) one says e r tumlugka: truly fortunate every day' 1814.
k a d ~ t t l Kay.
: II 301 (no Aor. or Infin.).
Tris. CDD
D 2 kadrt- Caus. f. of 2 *ka:d-; but hardly
Caus. in meaning, cf. 1 kadit-; 'to turn back, D katutlug Hap. leg.; P.N./A. fr. k a t u t ;
return'. S.i.s.m.1. in all groups as kayt- and 'impregnated with a mixture'. Xak. xt Ka3.
the like. See k a t a r - , kadlr-, kaytar-. Uyg. 11284 (katut).
vlrr ff. Dud. USp. 97, 20-1 (kkrii:): Civ. ditto T r i s . V. ~ D D
H II 22, 32: Xak. xr e r barr:r erke:n
k a d ~ t t l'the man turncd hack (raca'a) from D kutadturul- Hap, leg.; Pass. Caus. f. of
the direction in which he was going after kuta:d-. Uyg. v r ~ rff. Bud. 01 tegreki (so
hc had set out on his journey and met ob- read) y6r o r u n n u g yavlak acjalar arnrilrp
struction' (imtann'a) Kaf. II 3or ( k a d ~ t a : r , k u t a d t u r u l r n l $ ~ ns a k r n ~ p'thinking that the
kad1trna:k): KM (a modest man) yak1 birle grievous dangers of places in that locality
k a r g u r k a d ~ t r n a zByiin 'fights the enemy have been neutralized and made to yield good
and docs not turn back from revenge'(?) 2290: fortune' USp. 103, 22-3.
xrrr(?) 7'rf. kayt- 'to turn back' (to a place
Dat.) '194: Gag. xv ff. kayt- ( - m a y ~ p etc.)
, D ~ S .CDC
din- 'to turn back' Vel. 327-8 (quotns.): PU k a d a g in the phr. m u n k a d a g can hardly
kayt- (spelt) hargnjtnn 'to turn back, return' be a mistranscription of kat@ although kada-
San. 2 7 9 ~22 . (quotns.) Xwar. xrlr kayt- ditto k m in M I 2 8 , 26 is an error for katagln the
'Ali 31: xlv kayt-Ikaytt- ditto Qutb 129; Man.-A form of k a t ~ g t n ,but it is difficult
Nafic. 274, 5: Kom. xrv ditto kayt- CCI, to find any other explanation; the phr. s e e m
CCC;; Gr. 190 (quotn.): KIP. xrrr mca'a to mean 'defect, shortcoming', and the like.
k a y ~ t -Ilotl. 34, I 7; b'dda ntina'l-'awd same N.0.a.b. Kadai in Kay. I1 190, 20 (kaztur-)
meaning kaylt- do. 42, 5: xrv ka:yit- raca'a is an error for kudug. Uyg. vrrr ff. Bud.
fd. 77: xv ditto k a y ~ t -Kav. TO,8; kaJ3- do. edgii kutlug yalanuklar Ifze yok k u r u g
74, 19; kaylt- ' l i r l z . 17a 10; radda bi-ma'nd yala u r u p m u n k a d a g s8zledlm e r s e r 'if
racn'a kayt- Kav. 78, I ; qafafa (in margin I have cast unfounded suspicions on good men
ay mcab) kaylt- Ti&. 3oa. 9; wallii wa radda enjoying the favour of heaven and ascribed
k a y ~ tdo. 38b. 8: Osm. xv k a y ~ t -'to turn shortcomings to them' Suv. 135, 5 7 ; (they
back'; in two texts TTS ( I 438); 1 1607. neither understand the right way nor) t u g m a k
D kadut- Caus. f. of kadu:-; 'to have (some- olmeknig [miinlin kadagrn bilirler 'know
thing) sewn fim~ly'. Survives in NW Kaz. the evils of (the cycle) of births and deaths'
kaylt- R 1198; a superfluous hasra is added U I1 4, 4; ulug Qlig kaqiildeki nece yirin-
below the ddl in the MS. Xak. XI 01 to:nug tilig [miin] k a d a g l a r b a r e r s e r 'whatever
kacjuttl: 'he ordered that his garment should sinful shortcomings there may be in the mind
be sewn firmly' (yt~xdfmu$amraca(n)) Kaf. II of the great king' U 11173, 25-7.
301 (kadutu:r, kadutma:k). D kad@ (kadu:g) Dev. N. fr. kadu:-;
apparently survives in NE Alt., $or, Tel.
D k l d ~ t -Caus. f. of k t d - ; survives as NE ,Sor ka:yl 'hem, trimming, fur edging', etc. R II
k t y ~ t -'to put on one side' R II 721 ; for the 93, but semantically this word is nearer to
meaning in Kay. cf. k r d ~ g Xak. . XI 01 b8rkin
klQtB. Xak. XI k a d t g 01-m>dfatu'l-mrc'akka&
kldlttl: amara hi-xiydfa hitdr qalanstiwatihi 'he
ordered that a brim should be sewn onto his 'reinforced stitching' K q . 1375.
hat' Kas. 11301 (kldttu:r, k ~ d ~ t m a : k ) . ?S k a d i k Hap. leg.; semantically this looks
like a Sec. f. of kazuk in the sense of something
D kuta:d- Den. V. fr. k u t ; apparently both dug out; not an earlier form of kaylk which is
Intrans. 'to enjoy divine favour, or good for- a Sec. f. of kayguk. Argu: xr k a c j ~ knaqiru'l-
tune' and Trans. 'to bestow divine favour, or -xafab 'a wooden trough' Kay. 1382.
good fortune'. N.0.a.b. Uyg. vrlr ff. Man.-A
M I 28, 15-17 (klvad-): Bud. (a new house) D k a t l g Dev. N./A. fr. 2 kat-; 'hard, firm,
l y e s l ~ ek u t a d u r 'brings good fortune to its tough', and the like. S.i.a.m.1.g. as k a t t i g l
owner' TT VI roo; kopka k u t a g u r agllur kat~/kattt/kattu:. Tiirkii VIII ff. ZrkB 65
'he is fortunate in everything and increases in (agrz): Uyg. v111ff. Man.-A M I z?, 26
strength' do. 348; 0.0. Kuan. 60 (erdem), 71, (biitun): Bud. b e k k a t a g k b r t g i i n ~ l u gwith
218: Civ. tagdln iinser k u t a d u r 'if he goes a firm strong belief' U 1188: 75; bek katlg
out he is fortunate' (if he stays at home siiziik kbrtgtinc k 8 ~ 8 l l t i gwith a mind full
a~llurT ) T VII 28, 32-3: Xak. xr e r k u t a t t ~ : of firm, strong, pure belief' T T VII 40, 117;
'the man enjoyed good fortune' (cidd ma dmula 82 et6zin a l p k a t a g iize t u t a r e r d i 'he kept
wa baxt); also used of anything which enjoys his own body in a state of toughness and hard-
good fortune Kag. I1 299 (kuta:tur, kutat- ness' U I V 34, 49-50; 0.0. U 1 1126, 13-14;
ma:k; these forms seem dubious): KB the U I V 8, 8 etc. (yav1a:k); 22, 295 (alalur~g-);
title Kutadgu: Bilfg must mean 'wisdom TT X 445 (t@ra:k), etc.: Civ. k a d ~ rk a t k l
which brings good fortune'; the word is fairly k a t l g s a v 'a grim, harsh, firm speech' TT I
 GnC; 599
comes' 434; kokuz boldr k a d g u s e v i n ~ l 'to grieve' TTS I 436; I1 604; I11 425:
tolu 'sorrow became non-existent and his joy k a y ~ r - I k a y u r -'to be anxious; to care for; to
full' 617; 0.0. 681, 1231, 6275: XIII(?) At. guard against; to prepare'; c.i.a.p. I 437: 11
(know wealth for what it is) b u kiln k a d g u 605; I11 426; I V 486: xvrrr k a y ~ r (spelt)- in
s a k ~ n q'today anxiety and carc' (tornorm\\, R ~ i m iiffrig
, rua mihrabdnikardan 'to show kind-
a burden and a curse) 426; Tef. k a d g u ditto ness and favour' Sun. 281r. 18.
1'92: Gag. xv ff. k a y u (sic) kayglc ve g u g a
( nnguish') Vel. 326; kaygu/kayku tamm run (D) k a t g u r - 'to laugh wildly', a stronger word
andtilt ('care') Son. 281 v. 6 (quotn.): Xwar. than kiil- with which it is often associated;
X I I I k a d g u (rare)/kayRu ditto 'Ali 10, 52: morphologically obscure; prima facie an
XIII(?)ltaygu 'sorrow' Ox. 164, 3 0 6 7 : x ~ v Inchoative f., but without any obvious
kadgulkaygu ditto Qutb 128; Nahc. 236, semantic connection with 1 or 2 kat-. Sur-
16-17 (antag): K o m . xrv 'sorrow, anxlety' v i v e ~as katkrr- in several NE languages.
kaygr C C G ; Gr.: KIP. X I I I ?tazitrn 'to grieve' Xak. xr e r kiiliip k a t g u r d ~ :dohaka'l-ram1
kaygr: t a t - Horc. 35, 13: xv hnmm wa jnczn /tattd ahzaqa fihi wa'stagraba 'the man laughed
(Gild protect us from them!) kaykc Ttth. 37b. until he launhed to excess' Kaf. II 192 (kat-
11; a.o. 83h. 7: O s m . xrv to x v ~k a y g u in &ura:r, katgurma:k); (the lover) katgura:r
such p l ~ r .as knygu ye- 'to I)c sr~rrowful';in ynhziq fi'l-dn!zk 11 188, I r; a.o. II 201, 15;
scvcral texts T T S 1436-7; 11604; I11 4"; bu e r o l i i k u ~katurga:n (sic, the position
I V 486. indicates that the spelling was deliberate) 'this
man is always laughing, enjoying himself, and
boasting' 1516: K B iinin irtti keklik kUler
k a t g u r a 'the partridge sings his song laughing
V U kodgu: 'a fly'; prob. an animal name end- wildly' 76; (after rain) qiqek yazdr yiiz kBr
ing in -gu:; there is no obvious semantic kuler k a t g u r a r 'the flowers open their face
connection w. ko:d- or kud-. Pec. to Kag.; and laugh wildly' 80; a.o. 41 13 v.1.
displaced by sigek and, later, p b m . Xak.
X I kodgu: al-d~rbrib'fly' Kaf. I 425; a.0. 111 S k u t g a r - See kurtgar-.
367, 9.
(D) k u d g u r - See kuzgrr-.
VU(D) k a t k u q Hap. leg.; completely un-
vocnlizcd; no doubt a der. f. of some kind. Tris. ~ D C
Argu: XI katkuq 'a thing which stings (yalda2) D k o d ~ k l Den.
: N.1A.S. fr. kodl:; lit. 'situated
like a scorpion' Kaf. I 4 5 5 below', but normally used metaph. N.0.a.b.
Uyg. VIII ff. Bud. Sanskrit nytinapuruflnarn
Dis. V. CDG- 'of inferior men' kodlkr (MS. hitkr) ere:n-
U kndgur- Intrans. Den. V. fr. kadgu:; 'to 1e:rnig T T V I I I A.2: Civ. T T I 128-9
be .crievc~l,sorrowful; to he anxious (about (oriiki:): Xak. XI kotkr: e r al-roculu'l-
something Dot.)'. S.i.a.m.1.g. except NE(?) -intrtazaddi' 'a humhle man' Kay. I 427: KB
usually as kaygir-lkaygur-. Uyg. v r r ~ff. suqig t u t g u ti1 s o z me kodlu Bzi 'he must
plan. k a d g u r a r m e n k a d g u r d u k [uqiin] keep his tongue and speech sweet and himself
I grieve, and hecause I grieve' M I1 8, 6: humhlc' 547; (the man who finds me must be
Xak. XI m e n a g a r k a d g u r d u m ihtamamt~c modest (alqak) and) k o ~ u lk o d k ~'with a
li-aclilri 'I was anxious ohout him' Kaj. I1 192 humble mind' 703; 0.0. 1696, 1705, 2231.
(verse; kadgura:r, kaygura:r in those lan-
guages which turn - d - into -y-, k a d g u r - D katlgdr: (katrgt~:)Adv. fr. katlg; 'tightly,
mo:k); e r kaygurdr: iiztanzma'l-racul, dialect firmly'. N.0.a.h.; after -g the Suff. should be
form for -d- III 193 ( k a y g u r a : ~ ,k a y g u r - - t ~ :in Turku; this is the spelling in IrkB 14
ma:k): KB k111nq edgii t u t negke k a d g u r - butindo. 33 a n d I S z i t i s - d r : a n d i n Z N ~ r
rnaRtl 'do what is right and do not be anxious -di: (sic). TUrku VIII edgu:ti: egid kahgdz:
about anything' 1305; sakrnqm kadagr trgla: 'hear well and listen attentively' I S 2;
iiqiin k a d g u r u p 'fecl~ng anxious about his katrgdi: s a k i n t r m 'I thought earnestly' I N
kinsman' 6276; a.o. 5445 (eligleg-): XIII(?) 11: V I I I ff. IrkB 14 (edgikti:), 33 (ur-).
Tcf. k a d g u r - hazina 'to grieve' 192; k a y g u r - D katrglrk A.N. fr. kat~gf'hardness,harsh-
ditto 206 (mistranscribed kJ~cr-): Gag. xv ff. ness, severity', and the like. S.i.s.m.1. w. some
knyaur-(-mas) kayur- Vel. 329; k a y g u r - phonetic changes. Xak. X I kelse: kah: katrg-
(spclt) gomniik judan 'to be sorrowful' Sfn. Ilk 'if misfortunes and hardships (bal;' run
z8ov. 17 (quotns.): X w a r . xlv k a d g u r - to ~idda)come to you' Kaj. III 233. I 5 ; n.m.e.:
grieve' Qrtrb 128; Nahc. 233, 8-14: Kom. xrv XIII(?)At. (if I receive Your grace, my soul is
'to mourn' k a y g ~ r -C C G ; Gr.: T k m . XIV saved) a g a r bolsa 'ad119 k a o g l r k m a g a 'if
(antat-) hazina (this is a very u7estem(garbiya Your justice, I shall have a harsh fate' 40;
cidda(n)) word, the word nolv normally used Tef. katlglik/katlklrk '(physical) hardness:
is the Tkrn. one) k a y g u r - fd. 24: xv al-hamm hardship', etc. 204: Xwar. xrv k a t ~ g l r kditto
to be anxious' k a y g r r m a k Kav. 61, 16; Qutb 135.
hrtzn k a y g a m a k (in margin k a y g r r m a k )
Ttrlt. ~ z b 10; r 83b. 7; bdIJ 'to he D katrklxg P.N./A. fr. k a o k ; 'mixed, con-
. k a y g ~ r d do.
anxious' kayrr- do. 8a. 13: O s m . xrv ff. the taining an admixture'. N.0.a.b. Tiirkii VIII ff.
word occurs in two forms; kaygur- xrv-xvr Man. Inya kaltr k a t l k h g alturl (PU) h s a d a
arryurca 'just as one crushes(?) and refines they strive to set their allairs in ordcr' Ilrirtt-fs.
base gold' M 111 14, 7-9 (iii): Uyg. V I I I ff. 150-2.
Dud. (four kinds of illnesses, those due to
demoniac possession, those connected with D k ~ d ~ g l a :Hap. - leg.; Den. V. fr. k~cjlg.
mucus, those called (in Sanskrit) samnipdtn Xak. xr 01 b o r k krrJrkla:dr: 'he sewed a brim
and) k a t ~ k l ~igg 'diseases of mixed origin'(?) (xa'tn hitfir) onto his hat' (ctc.) KO?. I11 336
Srro. 591, 10: Civ. b a n ~ tkatlkllg k u n ~ i t ( k l d ~ g l a : r ktdtg1a:ma:k).
,
'sesanie seed flavoured with honey (I.-a,)' 1) katiglan- Refl. f. of katig1a:-; lit. 'ti)
T T 1/11 16, 16: Xak. X I k a t ~ k l r k(sic in MS.) harden oneself', in practice 'to exert oneself,
e r nl-roc~tltr'l-hncin'a man of mixed ancestry' striic', and the like. S.i.s.ln.1. in NW and SW,
(for example the son of a free man and a female c.g. Osm. k a t ~ l n n 'to - brconle hard', and pcr-
slave); also 'one who has a seasoninfi to season haps even N\V Nos. katlan- 'to groxv corns
his food' ( i d h ~.tr'tndnnr hihi) KO$. I 496; on the fcrt'. Tiirkii vrrr ff. Rl;~n. iiziitliig
S I I I ( ? ) .It. h u njun niazast kntrklig m n m igke edfiu krlinqkn kntljil:il:ttlnr 'they
'the flavour of this world is a rliixcd flavour' exerted themselves to (perform) spiritual work
(more bad than good) 437. and good deeds' 7'T I I 10, 87-8; o.o. (/,I. 6, 29
I> krdlgl~fiP.N.,'A. fr. k l d ~ g 'ha\-ii:g
; a n edge' (itiqek); A l I l l 21, I (ngi:): I J y g . I S (my sot~s,
and the like. N.0.a.h. UyS. V I I I ff. Civ. in when vou Croxv up he like tny tc;lcher, serve
a list of togek, 'mattress' or the like, two are the x&r) k a t ~ g l a n'exert yo~~rnelves' Sttci 9:
described as kldlgllg USp. 79, I 1-12 (ortug): vrrr ff. R1an.-A nf III 9, 6-8 (udlk): Man.
Xak. X I kldtglrg b o r k 'a hat with a brim k e r t u torulerte katiglanu 'strivinfi (to
sewn onto it' (hildr muxayynf) Kaj. 1496. obey) the true rules' TT111136; am. do. 139:
Bud. (if a man) a t l n a t a y u taplnu U ~ U ~ U
1) kuduglug P.N./A. fr. k u d u g ; n.0.a.b. k a t a g l a n s a r (sic) 'exerts himself to call the
Xak. XI kuduglug ev 'a house with a well' names (of the Bodhisattvas) and serve and
(bi'r) Knj. 1496. follow them' Ktinn. 85; 0.0. TT I'III A.5
D kadgulug P.N.!A. fr. kadgu:; 'sorrowful, (but-); U I I I 41, 8 (i) (UZ-); Srro. 235, 12
(1 kc-); PP 27, ;etc.: 0. Kir. IS ff. katr:-
anxious', and the like. S.i.s.m.1. usually as glanip otu:z ya:~irna[n:] 6ge: bolturn 'by
kaygiIl/kaygulu. Uyg. vrlr ff. Bud. PP 3, 8
(busuglug): Civ. T T 1 217 (busuglug): excrting myself I hecnnie a Cocinsellor at the
(Xak.) SIII(?) Trf, kadgulug/kaygulufi/ age of thirty' Mnl. 45, 3; 0.0. do. 10, 7; I I , 2:
knyguluk 'sorrowfill' 192-3: G a i t xv ff, kay- Xak. X I e r katlglandl: 'the man exerted
guluk (sic) gttssnlu trn kny~trltr Vel. 326; Iiitnscll' (irtnlrnrfn) Ihg. I1 268 (prnv.; k a t ~ g -
lanu:r, kattglanrna:k); a.o. 111 159, 11:
kayguluk gntnniik 'sorroivful' Son. 23v. 13; K B (my pnod youth . . .) k a t ~ g l a n g r l'exert
kayguluk k u crrgd ~ 'oxvl', in Pe. also called
b ~ tivrrjr
i ‘bittern' (sic) do. 281 V. 7. yourself' 360; o.o. 1317, 2157, 2503, 3638
(tlren-), 3944: xrlr(?) Trf. (lltti) 204: xrv
U kotklllk (kodlkll~k) A . N . fr. kotkl: Mrrh.(?) irtnhnifn, in marpin, kat1kla:n- Rif.
(kodlki:); n.o.a.b. Xak. X I k o t k ~ l l k i ntapln- 102 (only): Xwar. S I V katlglan- 'to strive,
g11 'serve hini with hurnility' (hz'l-tnwddtr') exert oncsclf' Qitlh 13;: K o m . S I V ditto
Knj. I1 140, 9; n.m.e.: XIII(?)At. 270 ( k l l ~ k ) . katulati- C C G ; Gr.: KIP. xrv katllan-/
katlan- (sic) tnjnddndn tun ~o6nrn'to exert
D katlkstz Priv. N./A. fr. k n t t k ; 'pure, oneself, to persevere' 111. 68 (and see k a t ~ l - ) .
unalloyed', and the like. S.i.s.m.1. Xak. XI K R
b i r 01 b i r katrkslz karlkstz a r ~ k'(God) is D k ~ d ~ g l a nHap.
- leg.; Rcfl. f. of lcld~&la:-;
one, one without adnlixture (tlend.) and pure' in two places with -d- in error for -d-. Xak. XI
3899: SIII(?)A!. 2 1 I (urn-). ktd~glantlr:ne:n 'the t h i n g \\:as provided 1%-it11
a border or brim' ( k i f c f r c n !ritrir) Kny. I1 268
D k ~ d l g s l zl'riv. N./A. fr. k ~ d ~ 'without
g; an (kld~filanu:r,k ~ d ~ g l a n r n a : k ) .
edge- border', etc. N.0.a.h. Uyg. V I I I ff. Bud.
Stre. 584,12 ( U C ~ U ZCiv.) : USp. 79,11 (ortug). D kadgolnn- (kadau:Ian-) Refl. Ilen. V. fr.
I1 kadgusuz Priv. N./A. fr. kadgu:; 'free kadgu:: so spclt, hut in a sectinn in which the
from grief, anxietv, etc.'. S.i.s.111.l. as kaygrslz second vo\rel is by implication Iring. S.i.s.m.1.
and the like. Uyg. V I I I ff. Rlan.-A M 1 2 9 . 29 as kaygulan-/kayijllan- 'to be anxious, to
(busuvsuz): (Sak.) rrlr(?) At. t i l e k ~ etiril grieve', etc. Xak. X I ol bo: 1:gka: kadgulandi:
6nc f i r ~ gkadgusuz 'live as you wish, at 'he was anxious (ilrtntrrtitn) ahnut this affair'
peace, relaxed, and free from ansiety' 415. Knj. Ill 201 (kadgulanu:r, kndgu1nnma:k).
VITD kodgulan- (kodgu:lan-) Hap. leg.;
T r i s . V . GDG- Refl. Den. V. fr. kodgu:; see kadjiulan-.
I> katlg1a:- Den. V. fr. k a t l g ; Hap. Icg. and Xak. XI a t koc_lgulandl: dnbnbl~n'l-fnrnsu'l-
prob. an error for k a t ~ g l a n - ,q.v. Not to be -drrbrih inin nnfsilti 'the home drove the flies
confused with the Den. V. fr. katlk, which is away from itself' Kng. I11 201 (kodgutanu:r,
first noted in xrv Mlth. .mlnfn 'to mix' katug- kodgu1anma:k).
la:- (sic) Mel. 25, 15; kayrgla:- (sic) Rif. 108
and s.i.s.m.1. as katikla-. Uyg. V I I I ff. Bud. D k a t ~ g l a n t u r -Caus. f. of katlglan-; 'to
iglerin tiizgeli ayalaran k a v g u r u p k a t ~ g - urge (sonicone) to exert hirtlself'. N.0.a.b.
larnaklar [ol] 'placing their palms together Tiirkii vrrr ff. Man. T T II lo, 88-90
(6tle:-): Uyg. VIII ff. Man.-A M I 13, 4-5 kat111g (spelt) 'a place where two streams meet'
(odgur-). Sun. 267v. 3 (quotn.).

D k o d l k a r t u r - Hap. leg.?; Caus. f. of an Dis. V. ~ D L -

Intrans. Den. V. fr. kodlk~:. Uyk. V I I I ff. D kedul- Map. leg.; Pass. f. of kadu:-; spelt
Bud. (if I have said that a lie iq the truth and with -d- for - d - ; a superfluous hasra is added
what is not is) Y ~ V I Z I Re d g u t6p kok:dtiirup everywhere below it. Xak. X I to:n k a d u l d ~ :
ed$g yavlz t6p k o d ~ k a r t u r u p exalting 'the garment was sewn firmly' (jumrica) Kal.
evil, saying that it is good, and d n p a r a g i n ~ 11 134 (kadulur, kadulma:k).
good saying that it 1s evil' Strv. 135, 1 1-12.
D katll- Pass. f. of 1 k a t - ; 'to be mixed
I>is. CDL with, or added to (something)'; with metaph.
meanings like 'to associate with (someone)'.
D kutluk P.N./A. fr. kut, q.v.; orininally S.i.rn.m.l.n. Tiirkli vlrr fr. Man. (gods and
'enjoying tlle f;~vc~ur of hcavcn'; Ilcncc, more demons, light and darkness) 01 6dUn k a t l l d ~
generally, 'fortunate, happy, blessed', and the 'then minsled with one another' Chuas. I 7 ;
like. S.i.a.m.l.g. w. some phonetic changes. [yavlak?] biligige kattllp 'mingling with
I,.-w. in I'e., l l o r ~ ~I11 r r 1568. Tiirkti V I I I ( ? ) their evil(?) knowledge 'do. J 12-13; 0.0. do.
k u t l u g bo1zu:n 'may (our journey) enjoy 39, 176; M I 5 , 7 (alvg):, Uyg. V I I I x a n sUsi:
divine favour' Xoytrc Tnmir I 5-6 ( E T Y 11 [birle:?] k a t t l t ~ m I jolned up with the
108): V I I I ff. kut1u:g bo1zu:n lrhU 23; a.o. xan's army $11. N. 7 (damaged); (the O&z
do. 56 (adgtr): Man. T T II 10, 87-8 (iiliig- and Tiirkii who had formerly been in China)
lug): Uyg. rx Boyla: K u t l u g Y a r k a n ; t[aglk?]m~ganta: katrlmlg 'came out and
KutluQ L3aga: T a r x a n Oge: I'.N.s Suci 2, 3 : joined (me) there' do. S 8: V I I I ff. Man.-A (the
V I I I ff. h1an.-A M III 29, 2 (iii) (uluglug): five gods) E z r w a tegri uze kedilip birle
Man. arim19 kogiilliig kutluglar the k a t r l ~ periirler 'are put on the god Zurvan
divinely favoured with purified minds' T T (like a garment) and mingle with him' M I
111 140: Bud. U I Uku$lug ~ kutlug bodlsa- 21, 3-5 (i); a.o. do. 16, 5-6 (1 tag): Bud. ag
v a t l a r 'the great, powerful, divinely favoured k a g birle k a t i l d ~ m i ze r s e r 'if we have had
Dodhisattvas' PP 45, 2-3; 0.0. do. 21, 4 etc. sexual intercourse with our mother or father'
(iiliigliig); U 111 75, 13; 80, 27 (ulgad-); T T I V 6, 35-6: 81 b u l g a k ~ nk a t ~ l d l m ~ z
U II 36, 47 etc. (klvllg): Civ. T?' VII 28, 17 e r s e r 'if we have taken part in civil dis-
(klvltg); in the astronomica? texts, T T VII I , turbances' do. 10, 18; ttnltglar birle k a t ~ l u
6, 8 and 9 kutlug means havlng . . . as an k a r l l u 'mingling (Hend.) with mortals' Suu.
element' (see kut); Kutlug is a common com- 133, 14-15; 8.0. T T V 8 , s ~ - 2 :Xak. XI arpa:
ponent in P.N.s in USp.: X a k , X I kutlug i i g u r birle: katlldl: 'the barley was mixed
nc:g 'something hlcssed' (mrrbdmk); also u;sed (ixtala(a) with millet', also used of anything
as a Proper Name Kag. 1 4 6 4 ; kutlugka: for that is mixed with something else; and one
the lucky man' (li-gdhihi'l-cadd) III 60, 24; says e r ura:gutka: katildl: 'the man had
several 0.0. translated tnr~bdrah:KB k u n a y sexual intercourse (cdma'a) with the woman'
k u t l u g i b a r y8me kutsuzl 'there are lucky Kag. II 121 (katllur, kat11ma:k); b u e r 01
and unlucky days and months' 4386: XIII(?) kigi: birle: tutqr: kati1ga:n kar11ga:n trans-
T F ~ k. u t l ~ g / k u t l u g'blessed, fortunate' 219: lated 'this man is an intriguer and meddler'
xlv RI,B. (a man of truthful speech and) kutlug (mixlatmizyal) 'lit. is constantly meddling with
yiizliig 'with a lucky face' R I1 907: Mrih. al- people' 1 5 2 0 ; a.o. II 134 (karil-); 1106, 10
-~niihrirahk u t l u a Mel. 52, I ; 56, I ; Rif. 148 (tokl~:):KB katll-, usually 'to associate with',
(kutlu:g), I 53 : F a g . xv ff. kutlug/kutluk is common; saklgka k a t ~ l m a zsenig birli-
muhdrak Vel. 336; San. 283r. 23 (quotn.): ktg 'Thy unity is not mingled with plurality'
(Xwar. xlv kutluk 'good fortune' Quth 146): 9 ; k u z ~birle katItp b o r i y o r r d ~'the wolf
K o m . xrv 'fortunate, blessed' kutlu CCG; associated with the lanib' 461 ; oyunka katll-
Cr.: KIP. xrrr ol-tntrhdmk (opposed to 'un- m a s a 'a man should not get involved with
lucky' k u t s l : ~ ) kuttu: Horr. 27, 3 ; kutlu: gambling' 709; 0.0. 10, etc. (kanl-); 874
b a r s P.N., fnhd mtrhrirok do. 29, 3: xrv fd. 68 (otgiing); 1040; 1304; 435t (edgUleg-); 5928
(kut); 01-muhdrak kutlu: olsun (sic) Bul. 5, (baglan-), etc.: xrrr(?) 7 4 . katll- 'to as-
I 3: xv ka'b mrrbdrah '(having) a blessed ankle' sociat'e with; to he mixed with', etc. 204:
( k u t tobuklt; in margin) kutll tobukll Trrh. Gag. xv ff. katlg-/kat11- ddxil pdnn Icn
3 0 b 6: O s m . xlv ff. kutlu 'blessed, fortrrnate', manrzric prtdan zoa ba-ham dmixtan 'to belong
etc.; c.i.a.p. T T S I 502; I1 670; I11 491; to, be mixed with, mix with' Son. 266r. zz
I V 557. (quotns.): KIP. xrv katil- (v.1. k a t ~ l a n - )
qawiya 'to be strong' Id. 73; ditto katll- Buf.
D katltg ehbreviatcd Dev. N. (connoting 73v. (these are corruptions of k a t ~ g l a n - ) :xv
mutual action) fr. kattl-. S.i.s.m.l. Xak. XI ixialafn (karl-, sic ?error for k a r ~ l - ,and)
katllg 'a swirl (mrr'tarah) of water at the k a t ~ l -Tub. 6b. 6.
meeting point (mndfrih) of separate streams';
one says su:v k a t l l g t ~ : (sic, i.e. Perf. of D kutal- (kuta:l-) Hap. leg.; Pass. f. of
*katl~g-,or a scribal error for katllgr:?) Kaj. *kuta:- Den. V. fr. kut. Xak. XI kutaldl:
I 460: XIXI(?)Tef. katrltg 'the junction be- e r 'the man was fortunate' (macdtid), derived
tween two bodies of water' 205: Gag. xvff. fr. the phr. k u t aldl: 'he received good
 fnrtune' (a/-codd) Knj. II 121 (kuta:lur z (yurq): 1<1p.rr (:titer Xnk.) at~clit1 l i ~ p with
.
(sir), kutalma:k). -z-, i.e. k a z ~ niii~g.1403: Yagrn:~:, TUXRI:,
KIP., Ynba:lcu:, l ' a t a r , Ka:y. q u m u l ,
I) *kodul- See koyul-. O ~ U XZI the 'l'urks call al-filzr kaqln, hut
I> kupul- I'ass. f. of kud-. Uyg. V I I I ff. Bud. these call it kayln K a ~ .I 32, I I : Kom. xrv
(the king looked with anger at the deer) 'father-in-law' kayln C C I ; Gr.: KIP. xrrr
kozine karaklga kan k u d u l u p 'his eyes and 01-!~arnri k n y ~ nata:; al-!tnirtd k a y ~ nana:;
eyeballs suffused with blood' ( I I V 38, 127-8: a7nladt1'1-nhtn8' kayln ksr111tla:~la:r Ijorr.
Gag. xv ff. and KIP. x ~ vsee koyul-. 32. 4 (all misvocalized lloytrr): x ~ vditto kayln
a t a . . . k:~yln ana:; Imtrrrr7ri knylnurn atasl:
L) kutul- See kurtul-. ( s i r ) Uul. 9, 7: xv /mntd (kiiyew aml) I t n y ~ n
nna Ttrlr. I zh. 4.
katlan-/ka:tlan- Preliminary note. The otrly
enrly V. of this form is kn:tlan- helotc. Katlan- ka@g 'hirch tree, Brttrln', and in the early
period 'a \.cs<rlnindc of l)ircli bark'. S.i.a.tn.l.g.
thc Re/?. .!)en. 1'. fr. 1 k a t , 'toform layers' and usually ns kayln, S\V 'l'krn. e n y ~ g ;exccp-
tlrc like, is first tto!rd in San. 2 6 6 ~ .13 nrrd tionally in Osni. k:1y111 noiv r1lr;ltls 'hcrch
s.i.s.tn.1. Katlan-, as an ahbrewintion of katlk- tree' and, with rlrtal~fyingAdjs. 'hornheam,
Ian- is first tlotrd itr At. 299 (tarlglrk) atid alder', etc. Uyg. ~ I I fl. I Civ. (talte vnrinus
Trf. 20.5 nttd also orrtrrs it1 fd. 6 8 nnd proh. ingredients and) bir 111112 kncj~gy u g u r t k a
San. 266r. 13 tabammul \va $ikibH'i kardan 'to bulfis~p'stirthe111inton I;~rgcbirch-b:~rkvesselof
he poticltf and long-sliffiring'. yo$urt' If I 160; 0.0. do. 192-3: s ~ vChiti.-Uyi.
Uict. 'birch bark ~essel' kaflig R 11 322;
I) ka:tlan- Hap. leg.?; Refl. Den. V. fr. Lifieti 159: Xak. X I kn(jlg nl-xalanc 'birch
2 ka:t. KIP., Yeme:k, 0 g r a : k X I y i g a : ~ tree' (?, a PC. 1.-w. not translntcd precisely in
k z t l a n d ~ : 'the tree bore fruit' (_tamorat); the ordinary dicts. of eithcr laogunge); ahd
among the other (Turks, including Xak.) this in the prov. kacjlg ka:sqa: s o g u t so:lige:
word is used only for the fruit of thorn bushes 'the bitch tree for its bark, the willow for
(01-'idGh), and for cultivated (a/-ahliya) trees its sap' I&?. 111 369; same prov. 1 3 5 6 , 20;
the word used is yemiglendl: KO$.111 196 III 134, 13; 151, 7: Yagma:, Tuxsl:, Klp.,
(ka:tlanu:r, ka:tlanma:k). Yaba:ku:. ' r a t a t , Ka:y, (jumul, Oguz XI
the Turks call al-xalatic kadig but these call
?E k a t l q - See katllg. it kaylg Kay. 1 3 2 , 8: (Kom. xrv 'pine tree'
iy kaylg CCG; Gr. I ~ ) I )KIP. : xrrr al-xafanc
Dis. GDhl k a y ~ n14, 7.
11 k a t m a : Pass. Dev. N./A. fr. 1 k a t - ; F xn:tun 'lady' arid the like. Although
s.i.s.m.1. hut not in this special sense. See attenlpts have been made to connect this word
Doerfer 111 1.775 Xak. X I kntrnn: yuwga: etymologically with xagan/xnn thcre is no
'hrcad crumpled up (t~rrr~n&i(rrt) and cooked reasonable doubt tlint it is taken fr. Sogdion
in nieltcd butter' (sntnn) Kn$. I433. .rrcat'?.fr (xccntfin); in Sogdinn srt.f'!j rncans
'lord, ruler' and xt~lt'yn'the wife of the lord,
ruler', which is precisely the meaning of
kadln 'rclated by marriage'; perhaps originally xatu:n in the early period. This should
specifically 'father-in-law' and later used more normally be transcribed xatu:n, although in
generally. S.i.a.m.l.g. w. some phonetic I<a$. the spelling is ka:tu:n in Turkish and
chanpes, usually kayln and now seldom used xa:tu:n in Arabic. Survives in NE Tuv.
except to qualify some other term of relation- k a d a y ; SE 'riirki xatun/xotun; NC, NW
ship, e.g. kayrn a t a 'father-in-law'. L.-w. in k a t l n ; S C Uzb. xotln; SW Az. gadrn, Osm.
Pe., etc., Lloerfcr 111 1611-13. Cf.yurq. Uye. kadtn meaning only 'married woman, wife',
vlrr ff. Bud. oz kadlnl yerige tegdi 'he with a slightlv honorific flavour. Tiirkii v r ~ r
reached the country of his own father-in-law' o g u m clbilge: xatu:nig 'my mother Queen
PP 64, 3; kadlnl x a n 'his father-in-law the Elbilge:' Z E 11, II E 10; 0.0. I E z 5 , I I E z I ;
king' do. 72, 5 (mistaken by Pelliot for a geog. I E 31; I N 9; xatu:n yok b o l m l ~erti: 'the
nalne K<I~IIII): srv Chin.-llyg. Dic!., Ligefi queen has died' T 31 : vrrr ff. avr:nqu: xatu:n
I 5 9 ; R I 226 (ana:): 0. Klr. 1.u ff. 1iMa1. 17, bolzu:n 'may the concubine bccome a queen'
2 (uynr; dubious): Xak. X I k a d i n al-sihr I r k B 38: U y R V I I I xntu:nln anta: a l t ~ m
'relation hy marriage' KO+.I 4 0 3 (prov.); 0.0. 'I captured his queen thcre' $11. N TO;a.0. do.
I 528 (ka0na:gun); II 110, 3 (tiigiir); ZII IV 8: VIII ff. Dud. (n girl) Saqc x a t u n t e g 'like
245, 7 (same prov.): K B iki kacjln e r d i Queen Saci' U 1122, I ; K u l t ~ a b a t xx n t u n
kiidegu iki 'two of them were his fathers-in- 'Queen I<uliinvati' U III 27, 15; (my father,
law, two his sons-in-law' 50: xrr~(?) Tef. my mother) x a t u n l n r l m 'my consorts' T T
kayln a t a 'farher-in-law' 194: xrv Muh. VII 40, 145; 0.0. T l ' X 162-3, 307, etc.: Civ.
01-?romri 'father-in-law' ka:yln ata:; al-ham; x a t u n k a kelser 'if one comes to the queen'
'mother-in-law' ka:yrn ana: Afel. 49. 13; Rif. T T VII 29, 12: Xak. X I kn:tu:n 'the word for
144: Gag. sv ff. kayn (spelt) 'wife's brother'; any woman who is descended from (tlrin hondl)
kayn a t a 'wife's father'; knyn a n a 'wife's Afr.isiy;?b'; prov. xn:n ~ $ 8 :holsn: ka:tu:n
mother'; also spclt kayrn Son. 281 v. I I ; I:sI: ka1r:r 'if the .riiqiin has a tnsk to perfnrm,
kayln the same as kayn do. 17; a.0. do. 345r. the xdtrin's task is postponed' ZGi. I 410;
0.0. I I 38 (ogla:gu:); 376 (terken); III 240 and contradicted what he said' Kay. III 302
(kun$u:y): xrrl(?) Trf, x a t u n 'queen: lady, (katna:r, katna:ma:k; see above).
w~fe'347: xrv Muh. xdlzin ka:tun MrI. 52,
14; Rif. 149: Gag. xv ff. x a t u n 'a name for D katnat- Hap. leg.; Caus. f. of katna:- but
great ladies and wives of notables' (quotn.); with no obv~ousCaus. meaning. Xak. X I 01
also 'a married woman' (zorz-i yowhordGr) antg so:zin katnattl: raddada kallmahu
(quotn.) San. ztzr. 20: X w a r . xrv x a t u n mnrra hn'd uxrr; 'he violently contradicted his
'(great) lady' Quth 55; in Nahc. 6, 8 ff.: 192, statements time and again' Kaf. II 349 (no
ro ff. x a t u n is used specifically for 'a legal Aor. or Infin.).
wife' and k u m a for 'a concubine': Kom. xlv
kntunlxatun is fairly common and means T r i s . CDN
both 'queen, lady' and 'wife, woman' CCI, D kadna:gun flap. leg.; Collective f. of
C C G ; Gr. 196 (quotns.): Klp. xtrr al-sift kadrn. Xak. X I 01-nl~rnri'ma'l-a$hdr 'a woman's
'lady' ka:tu:n I ~ O I28, I . 16: xrv k a t u n nl- and a man's relations by marriage' are called
-snyyidn 'lady', Arabicizcd as xdtrin Id. 73 : xv kadln kadna:gun as a Hend. (01-itbd') Kay.
s n ~ ~ j i dxna t u n Trill. 1813. 8: Osm. xlv to xvr I528.
x a t u n l x a t u n kl$i hardly more than 'married
uron~an';in several texts T T S I1 485; I V 382. T r i s . V . GDN-
DF ka:tu:nlan- (xa:tu:nlan-) Ilefl. Den. V.
DIS. V. i;I)N- fr. xa:tu:n; n o.a.h. Xak. X I ura:gut ka:tu:n-
11 l katln- IIap. leg.; Ilefl. f. of 1 kat-. Xak. land]: tazayyati'l-mar'a bi-znyyi'l-xdtiin 'the
XI e r ta1ka:nka: ya:g katrndr: 'the man pre- woman dressed herself up in the clothes of
tended to mix (yncdn]~)oil with the parched a great lady' Kag. I11 206 (ka:tu:nlanu:r,
grain' Kaj. 11154 ( k a t ~ n u : r k, a t r n m x k ) . ka:tu:nlanma:k): xrr~(?)Trf. xatunlan- 'to
marry (a wife xatun)' 347.
D 2 k a t l n - Refl. f. of 2 k a t - ; n.0.a.b. T h e
Uyg. passage is obscure, but seems to belong D ~ S GDR .
here. Uyg.~vrrrff. Civ. k a t l g bold] t6p o:tm
k a t u n s a r kiizeq t a q a r 'if it is exposed(?) to k a d r r 'prim, brutal, oppressive, dangerous',
the fire on the assumption that it is strong the and the like. The close phonetic and semantic
jug boils over' T T 1193-4; a.o. VII 30, 14-19 rescnlblancc to Ar. qfidir to which Kay. calls
( a g r l g l ~ g ) Xak.
: xr t u l u m l u g bolup k n t m - attention has caused some confusion and it is
dig 'now that you have become fully armed, consistently spelt kadir in the MS. of Kas, but
you have become tough' (ta$aifdadfa) Kay. I correctly as kadir in KB. Survives as k a z l r in
498, 21 ; n.m.e. several NE languages R I1 379; Khak. xazrr;
Tuv. kadtr. See kaylr Preliminary note. The
D k u t a n - (kuta:n-) IIap. leg. ; this V. which phr. k a d l r kl$ in Xak. suggests a connection
immediately follows 1 katln- is completely with 1 ka:d- but that V. is Intrans. and can
unvocalized and the second consonant un- hardly be the base of this word. See Do~rfrr
dotted, but the -a:- in the Aor. shows that IJI 1381. Ttirkii vrlr K a d ~ r k a nylg ('moun-
it is a Den. V. and Atalay was no doubt tain forest'), which is tentatively identified
in restoring it as the Rcfl. f. of *kuta:-, see with the Khingan mountains, I E z; do. 21,
kutal-. Xak. XI k u t a n d ~ :ne:g 'the thing 11 E 17; do. 39 may contain this word (see
became fortunate' (nracdlid) Kag. 11 154 Xak.), or k a d ~ r g a n q.v.:
, wrr ff. Yen. k a d ~ : r
(kuta:nur, kutanma:k). yag1:da: 'among the brutal enemy' Mal. 27,6:
D kodun- Hap. leg.; Rell. f. of ko:d-, and Uyg. vrrl ff. Man.-A (the five gods can be
practically syn. w. it. X a k , XI[(?)K R V P b u recognized by five characteristics . . .) iktnti
k a c harfkrna m e n k u m a r u s a g a kodun- k a d a r a n 'secondly by ruthlessness' (like the
d u m ' I have left these few words as a legacy god Wadjiwanta) M I 24, 11 (cf. yum9a:k):
Bud. k a d l r y a v l a k l a r ~ g'brutal, evil men' U
to you' 53. 11 58, I (iii); a.o. do. 59, 4 (ii); k a d ~ sr a r s r g
D katna:- Hap. leg., hut cf. k a t n a t - ; mis- dvkelig 'brutal, rough, and bad-tempered'
spelt knynar- in the MS. hut between so@=:- T T VI 66 (and V I I I 0.9); a.0. U I1 35. 21-2
and kasna:-. Scmnntically connected with (azlglrg): Civ. Z'T I 14-15 (katlg): 0 . Klr.
2 kat-, presumably Den. V. fr. *katcn Ilev. I X ff. k a d r r yag1:da: AloI. 19, I : Xak. X I
N. in -In. This word has no connection with k a d t r (so read, see above) ne:g 'a difficult
Gag. katna-, Sun. 267r. I which survives in (ya'b) thing'; hence one says k a d ~ ryL:r
SC Uzb. in such meanings as 'to attend (school) 'a difficult place', that is one in the mountains
regularly; (of a bus) to maintain a service'. where there is much snow and ice: k a d l r
This seems to he nlerely a Sec. f. of Gag. LI* a/-zamhnrir 'severe cold': k a d l r 'an
k a t r a - , ditto, which is immediately a I.-w. fr. oppressive, brutal (a[-cabbZrrr'1-so'b) king';
Mong. kntori- 'to trot' (Kow. 781, Hnltod 165) hence al-xlqdnfirn have the title k a d ~ xa:n; r
whether or not that is a native Mong. V. or this word agrees with the Ar. because O P P ~ S -
derived fr. Pe. (see the translation in Son.). siveness comes from power (01-qodr), and an
Xak. xr e r a g a r katn,a:dl: nl-mcul ta'nbbd oppressor is one who can do (yaqdir) what he
qai~tila'l-an~rma 'at5 ald'l-lmir tva rndda likes Kay. 1 3 6 4 : t u m l u g k a d ~ ktqlaka:
r 'in'
kal6irmhu 'the man refused to obey the order the severe cold of winter' 1154, 3: K B (do not
and was insolent to the man who gave it be slothful, watch) a y k11k1 kadrr 'oh man of
 604 DIS. GDR
strict character' 447; (Ixlyht sutrlrner turns to) kudrukt 'the pnnthcr's tnil' 7"I' 1'1 0 3 : Xak.
ka41r k ~ g k a~ o g z . X I k u d r u k (MS.in the nmn entry krrdr~rk,
elsewhere usually kr~drr~k) a generic tenn for
k a t l r 'mule'. A I.-w. in WIonn. as kflfir. Sur- 'the tails' (n<inAh)of 1111 kinds of anirnals; one
vives in S W Az., l'km. g a t l r ; Osm. k a t l r , says ko:y kucjrukt: 'a sheep's fat tail' (olyo);
but in all other IanPJaae .Croups, except NE, a t kudrukt: 'horsc's tail' ( [ h h )(vcrsc); kug
where the word is unknown, the fonns k a ~ l r l kucjruk~: 'Iiird's mil' (prnv.): kucjruk ured
ka$lr and the like are rchorrowin~sfr. M o n ~ . , metaph. (y~ktrtihihi) for 'anus' (01-foq?ro), so
see Shcherbak, p. 95. It~vouldprob. be fanciful one k u d r u k ~ :iitge:tl (unvocalizrd) kigi:
to see an etymological connectinn between this illsfin nobhijrll'l- (first tivcl letters undr,ttcd,
word and 1 kat- arising fr. the nlule's mixed AtalayrS e 1 1 ~ ~ ~ d a firq/m t i o ~ ) 'a nlan xvflrr in
ancestry. I,.-w. in Pe.. etc., L)orrfer 111 1395. constantlv hreaklnp wind' Knf. 1 472; 0.0. I
Xak. xl k n t l r nl-ba.tl 'mule' KO?. 1 3 6 4 ; a,o. 513 ( s n b ~ t - ) ;111 164 ( s u w ~ k )256 ; (sab1:-),
111 302 ( k i ~ n e : - ) :K B (many horses in the it,.: K B b a l ~ kkudrukr 'rile tail (~IIC
fields) a k u r d a k a t w 'mules in the stables' constellation) l'isces' 66: S I I I ( ? )7;.f. k u y r u k
5370: xrv 11f~rh.01-hnfl ka:t*r 1lIe1. 70, 7; 'tail' 216: ST" 11ftrk. nl-o!\.rr ku:yrui: yaiZ1:
Ri/.181: Xwar. Xllr(?) O!?. 273 (u:d): Kom. Age/. 66, 5 ; if. 165 ( k u y r u k ) ; r~l-~in!nrrh kuyr~k
slv 'tnule' katlr C C I ; Gr.: Klp. x l r ~01-hog1 b9, I (c,nc MS. oJlly): G a g . sv I t kuyrufil
ka:ftr Hou. 12, 10: slv k a t l r al-bn2l. also kuyritk 'tail' (drrnt),i r ~nr. <Inrrh;al*o thc tl:*nie
with -t- frl. 6 8 ; k a t l r ditto 73; bo,C(il k a t l r l a r of the rtar 'CannpltsS Snrr, 2 0 2 ~ .14: Xwar.
Ijrcl. 16, 8: xv hog1 katlr Knr. 3o. 6 ; 61, 20; xlv k u g r u k 'tail' prth 142; h'nllc. 53, 2 : Kom.
Ttrh. 7h. 8 a.o.0.: Osm. XIV T T S 1 7 (a&:). xlv 'tail' k u y r u g CCI; (;I-.: Ktp. S I I I 01-olyo
kotur various kinds of cutarleous disease
k u ~ r u W ya:gl: riorr-I59 18: s r v k u ~ r u k
~l-hojrhfd. 77; ol-nl~rlkuyruk. also ol-dnnh
human and scurf, scab, th;
itch, etc, S,i.a,m,l cf, uduz, L,-w, Btd. 7, IS: sv dl~hnrr'l-fl!,.n kllyrui! ~ a : g l :
fl'yn kuyruk lirh' 4"' 3'
in Pe., e t c , Dyrfer 111 1549. Uyg. Y l l l ff. Knv' 631
Civ. k o t u r em1 a remedy for the itch(?)' N I
16y (ay-), 174; a.o. I1 22, 27: (Xak.) xlv Mtch. Ills. V. <;';DR-
a[-comb 'the itch', etc. k o t u r Me[. 65, 3: Rif. V U D k a t a r - pcc. to Koj. and dcscril)cd as the
164: Gag. xv 8. k o t u r xosta ton da'if knlh Turkish(i.e. Xak.) eclttivnlent of kaytar-, q . v . ;
'a sick, weak (dog)' Vel. 335 (quotn,); k o t u r prima facie a crasis of *kadtur- Caus. f. of
(spelt) 'an animal whose hair has fallen out' 2 *ka:d- or 2 k a d ~ t - but , the second -a- is
(ri.rta btijod), in Ar. corah, in Pe. gnr (quotn.); a difficulty, perhaps a scribal error for -u-
also used for gori 'mange' (quotn.) Son. 283r. caused bv a false analogy rv. kaytnr-; see
25: Xwar. slv k o t u r 'scrofulous' and the like k a t a r t - .atid katrlm-. Xak. X I 01 a t t g
Qtrrh 141 : K o m . srv 'scurf' k o t u r C C C ; GI.: kstardl: rnrlrir1'1-soy1 tc12 gorofr1h6 'on ronrhilri
Klp. s v k o t u r is included in a long list of 'he turncd the horse back and prcvcnted it
words translating knlb 'dog' 7irlz. 30b. r I. frcltn going in the ditcctintt in \vhicll it was
poing'; similarly onc says (01) yner: kntnrcll:
1) kndrak (kadra:k) Cone. N. in - k fr. ' t ~ eturrrcd the rnctny (ctc.) hack' Koj. I 1 74
*kadra:-, Den. V. fr. k a d l r , see k a d r a n - ; (verse; k a t a r u r , katarma:k); a.0. 111 19.3
lit. 'something hard, rough', 2nd the like. (kaytar-); k a t n r g a : ~1517,16 ~ (see knytar-).
Survives as k a y r a k 'whetstone' in NC KIT.,
Kzx.: SC Uzb. (kayrok) and several NW D k a d l r - 'to txvist back, turn back (Trans.)',
lannuages (cf. bile@:). In NC Ktr. it also and the like; presutnnbly Caus. f. of 2 *kn:d-.
means 'hard, ~ n i r r i ~ a t land',
ed and in SW Osm. S.i.a.nl.l.g. as k a y ~ r -and the like, except SW
'shifting sandy soil', which seems a further where kaylr- is a Scc. f. of kacjgur-. Xak. xr
devcloprnent of this concept, but in Osrn. it 01 an19 boynln kadlrdl: 'he twisted (lorcrcri)
now more often means 'slippep ground', per- his neck' (etc.); and one says 01 an19 s k i n
haps owing to some confusion with 2 *ka:d-. k a c j ~ r d ~'he: contradicted (or refitted, rorlh)
The translation in Kay. is perhaps influenced his statement' Kos. I1 76 (ks@tm:r, kadtr-
by a supposed etymological connection with ma:k); 0.0. 1370, 22: 508, 2; I1 74, 13; 164,
1 kat. I,.-w. in Pe. and Along., Doerfpr 111 14 and I 144, 9, wherr the text is in some
1599. Xak. XI k a d r a k ( R E .kodrok) ma'rifjf~t'l- disorder: KB sijzin k a d r a kordiim 'I tried
-rib61 r~.nmn!lrinihd 'folds and contortions in to contradict (or refute) his statement' 6244:
the mountains'; hence one says k a t k a d r a k XIII(?) Trf. k a g r a l k a y m Ger. used as an
(kodrok) ditto Knj. I 4 7 1 ; a.o. 1 320 (1 kat): Adv. (to turn, send. come) 'back, I)ark~varda'
Gag. sv ff. k a y r a k song-ijasrin 'whetstone', 192-4: Xwar. xrv k s y r a Adx.. (of movement)
also called bllew San. 281 v. 3. 'back\vards'; (of time) 'ajiaiti. afresh' 128:
K o m . XI\. 'to tnkc bnck' knyr;i/kayr~/kayrrl
(D) k u d r u k 'the tail of an animal'; mor- al- CCI; G ~ ,
phologically I'ass. Dev. N. fr. *kudur-, cf.
lruc;lurga:k, kudurgu:n; the origin of Mong. 11 k a t u r - Caus. f. of 2 k a t - ; 'to harden', lit.
ktrdnrgo 'crupper' (ligenisch 70, Koru. 919). or rnetnph. S.i.m.m.1.p.. not NI? or S\V. Xak.
S.i.a.m.l.g., usually as kuyruk. Tiirkii VIII ff. XI 01 yumya:k ne:gni: k a t u r d ~ :'hc hardened
t ~ j al t kudru:kl:n 'the roan horse's tail' ZrkB (prllabn) the soft thing'; as soft iron is annealed
50; a . o . ( ? ) in a corrupt phr. in do. 16: Uyg. (y~ciokkar); and one says ta:$ y6r ant:
I Bud. (in a list of constellations) irbig
V I ~ ff. katurtll: 'foreipn countries (i.e. travel abroad)
 D I S . V.
hardened Irirn', that is made him cxpcrirnced Soh. z8zr. 27 (quotn.); k u d u r - ('with -u-')
(nrucros nluhakkak) Knj. I1 74 ( k a t u m r , same as k u t u r - 284r. 3 (quotn.): K o ~ n xrv.
katurma:k); (katurga:n in I 5 1 6 is an error 'to be overbearing' k u t u r - CCG; Gr.: KIP.
for kat2urga:n). xrrr al-kalab 'hydrophobia, rabies' k u t u r r n a k
HOU. 33, 4.
I) k a t t u r - Hap. leg. ?; Caus. f, of 1 kat-;
cf. k a r t u r - . Xak.. xr 01 yl:p k n t t u r d ~ :'he D k a d ~ r t - Hap. leg.; Caus. f. of k a d ~ r - .
ordered that the thread should he twisted Xak. XI 01 antg b o y n ~ n k a d ~ r t t l : alwd
(hi-fatli'l-.ray!) into the necdlc'; and one says 'unuqahu 'he had his neck twisted' Kas. J J r
01 ta1ka:nka: ya:g k a t t u r d ~ : 'he had the 431 (kadrrtur, kad1rtma:k).
parched grain mixed (ncdalln) with oil'; also
used of any twu things when they are mixed D k a t a r t - (?kat!rt-) Hap. leg.; vocalized as
(.~tilifn)KO$. I1 189 ( k a t t u r u r , katturma:k). below; Caus. f. of k a t a r - which was perhaps
really k a t ~ r - .Xak. xr 01 a t @ katartfr: 'he
L) k u t a r - See k u r t g a r - . ordered that the horse should be turned back'
VU kocjur- (hlS. lzotl'trr-, hut between k a - (hi-radd) Kag. 111430 ( k a t ~ r t u rkatlrtmn:k,
,
Jlr and kecjiir-) IIap. Icg. ?; morphologically
SIC).
obscure. Xak. X I 01 blr: 1:vka: kodurdl: 'he D kagrll- Pass. f. of k a d ~ r - ; 'to tp.ip+
took great trouble (caddo) ovcr this affair and (Intrans.); to be twisted (Pass.)'. S.i.a.m.1.g.
made strenuous efforts over it' (hdlafn jihi) usually as k a y r r l - I k a y ~ r ~ l -Xak.
. xr an19
Kag. 11 76 ( k o d u r u r , kodurma:k); the word bo:yn!: (mis-spelt bo:ynni:) k a d r r l d ~ :'his neck
may also occur in I 144, 7 but is not translated twisted' (iltawri), also used when it is twisted
there. by someone else (alcudhu gaynrhu); Intrans.
I *kudur- See k u d r u k , etc.
VUD 1 k u t u r - 'to pour out, empty', and the
and Pass. (yatn'addci wa 15 yafa'addci) Kaf. II
235 (kadrrlu:r, kadr11ma:k): KIP. xv lawd
kayrtl- (and mayril-) Tuh. 32a 12.
like; prima facie a crasis of *kudtur- Caus. f.
of kucj- ; it is, however, odd that it survives as VUD 1 k u t r u l - Hap. leg.?; Pass. f. of 1
k o t a r - with the same meaning in NW Kk., k u t u r - . Xak. XI su:v o1ma:dm (hlS.
Nog. and for 'to dish up (a meal)' in SW xx a1ma:din) kutruld!: 'the water (or any other
Anat. S D D 964, since this suggests an earlier liquid) was poured (uf4a) from the jar' Kay.
fonn *kotor-. Xak. xr 01 u n u g kuturd!: 'he I1 234 (kutrulu:r, kutru1ma:k).
poured (ajraja) the flour from one vessel into S 2 k u t r u l - See kurtul-.
another' Kog. I1 71 ( k u t u r u r , kuturma:k);
ka:b k u t u r d ~ 'he
: emptied(farraia) the vessel D k a d r a n - Hap. leg.; ReA. f. of *kadra:-,
of its contents"I1 164, 16: k u t u r m ~ rka:bj 'an which s.i.a.m.l.g. except SW as kayra-1
empty (rnrfrrig) vessel' I1 170, 6: KB sevinqln kaylra- 'to whet, sharpen' and, less often, 'to
tolu t u t s a k ~ n p nk u t u r 'keep his joy full rind gnash the teeth'. See kadrak. Xak. XI beg
pnur away his anxiety' 117; a.o. 1455: K o m . aga:r kadrandl: 'the beg was furious (harida)
x ~ v'to pour out, empty' x o t a r - CCG; Gr.: with him and his conduct and dealings with
Krp. xrtlgaraJa 'to dish up' (VU) k o t ~ r -Ilorr. him were harsh' ('asura) Kaj. I1 249 (kad-
34, 5 :xrv afrngo (VU) koter- (the vocalization ranu:r, k a d r a n m a : k ; these two with -d-);
is chaotic and partly lacking, but this seems a.0. I1 267 (kadlrlan-).
the likeliest) Btrl. 29r.: xv%arnja'l-!n'dm (VU\
kotar- Kav. 74, 17; Ttrh. 27a. I : Osm. xrv D k a t r u n - Refl. f. of k a t a r - , lit. 'to turn
to xvr (VU) k o t a r - (I) 'to empty'; (2) 'to dish oneself back'. ? h e form suggests that the basic
up'; in scveral texts T T S I 487; I11 479; V. must have been k a t l r - or k a t u r - ; n.0.a.b.
v
I 543. Uyg. vrlr ff. Bud. (when he saw the demons
King Cavtana) yiirekin k a t r u n u p (assumed

! (D) 2 k u t u r - 'to he excessive, exceed reason-

able limits' in various applications. Morpho-
logically obscure but cognate to kutuz.
S.i.a.m.l.g., usually 'to rave, be mad', and the
like. Cf. Doerjrr I i l 1439 U y k vrrl ff. Man.
(ivke n u v a n 1 iize k u t u r u p 'suffering from
the form of the chief of the warriors) U I V 8,
1 5 ; v. G. translated 'steeling his heart', imply-
ing a ReA. f. of k a t u r - ; this may be right.
though the word would be Hap. leg., but the
narrative implies some change and 'changing
his mind' seems likelier: Xak. XI kii1e:r e r
the passion of anger to excess' TT I11 29-30: katrundt: 'the laughing man stopped himself'
Xak. ogla:n kuturdl: 'the boy was light- (laughing; imfana'a); its origin is changing
hearted and persisted in his wantonness' one's mind about something (al-harrdn fi'l-
I (irtli!m . . . tun lacca ji mtrcrinihi); and one
says t a n g kuturdl: 'the crop, vegetation, etc.
-amr); hence one says 01 maga: yarma:k
b6:riir erke:n katrundl: 'he was giving me
thrived' (zakci), originally (it meant that) money (etc.) and then changed his mind and

i something 'exceeded its due measure' (cciwnza

'an nliqddrilti) Kas. 11 74 (Aor. omitted,
kuturma:k); k u t u r m a : IZ ta'du ?azumk 'do
not behave outrageously' I 508, 3: XIV M~rh.
refrained' (Iiarina ma'mtana'a minhrr) Kaz. I I
249 (katrunu:r, katrunma:k).
(E) k u t r a r - Atalay lists this as a Xak. word,
(?) batrdn 'pert, overbearing', and the like but In fact Kaf. II 199, zr ff. says that 'to save'
kutu:rmlq Itg. 149 (only): Gag. xv ff. k u t u r - might perhaps logically be k u t r a r - but is in
i (spelt, 'with -u-') cliradna pdan 'to be mad' fact k u t g a r - (kurtgar-) because k u t r a r - ,
I
I
 DIS.
Dis. ( r ~ $ Dls. V. GD$-
I)[: kaciag (ka:day) N. of Association fr. D kadug- (hlS. in error?, kadrj-) llap. leg.;
I ka:, q.v. ; lit. 'memtxr of the same fi~niily, Co-op. f. of kadu:-. Xak. xr 01 maga: tom
kinsman', sometimes used more vaguely for kadugdi: 'he helped me to sew the garment
'neighbour, comrade, friend'. N.0.a.b.; in the with strong stitches' (fi yamraca . . . mahwa
medieval period became corrupted to kadag xi)vi!n nnr'akkada); also used for competing
and thence ultimately to kayag, its form as Kaf. I1 93 (no Aor.. kadugma:k).
a I.-w. in I'e., Doerfer 111 I 5 , ) ~'Tiirkii
. vrrr ff.
Man. Chuos. 197-8 (adag): Yen. kuyda: D katlg- Co-op. f. of 1 k a t - ; s.i.a.m.1.g.
kadagrma: kunquyima: adrilu: b a r d i m except SE(?) with some extended meanings.
'I have been parted from my kinsfolk in the Xak. XI 01 m e n i g birle: ta1ka:nka: ya:g
women's qunrtcrs and tily consorts and have katrgdl: translated 'he helped me to mix (fi
gone (from this world)' Ma[. 29, 3: Uyg. cadh) oil with the parched grain'; also used
vrrr fF. Man. (stand up) k a m u g begler for competing Kat. 11 89 (katrgu:r, k a t ~ g -
kadaglar 'all h ~ g sand kinsrrien' M II y, 4: m a : k ; the two alternative meanings inad-
15ud. kndag 'kinsman', sunietllnes more vertently reversed): Gag. xv ff. San. z66r.
specifically 'Ilrother', occurs sometimes by zz (katil-): X w a r . xlv katlg- 'to mix, or
itself T T VIII N . 4 ; PI' 35, 5; 53, 4 ; 69, 4, associate with' (people Ilnt.) Qrrlh 136: Krp.
but more cc~mmonlyin the phr. k a kadag xv muxlaf 'mixed together' katl$rptlr (SIC)
see 1 k a : Civ. kadag norrnally occurs in the Ilirlr. 3 4 b 12.
phr. k a kndag see 1 ka:, hut occasiorially in
USp. in the phr. tugmlglrn kadagrm 'my 1) ktdig- Co-op. f. of kid-; survives with a
progeny and kinsfolk': 0. Klr. ISff. kadag rather wide range of rneanings as kiyig- in
'kinsfolk, fellow clansmc~l' is very common some NE languages and SW Osm.; 'Ikm.
glylg-. Xak. XI 01 maga: biirk kldigdl: 'he
in funerary monuments as one of the groups
helped me to sew a brim (hi-xiyqati'l-ha&)
from whom the deceased has been parted by
death; it sornetimes occurs by itself (though on the hat'; also for helping to sew anything
there usually iri association with wife and sons), which has a surround or border (lahu istidcra
and in the phr. e k i n i m k a d a g ~ mMal. 3, I ; ma k~fif) Kay. I1 93 (kldlgu:r, ludlama:k,
11, 5; 45, 7 ; Qgirn k a d a y m do. 16, 2(?); MS. everywhere ktdtl-): 01 m a g a : ylga:q
klylgdi: 'he helped me to cut the wood on
18, 4 and yiiz erlyiiz kadagim do. 10, 2 ; a slant' (mukrrafa(n)); also used for competing
42, 2; 49, I.: Xak. xr kadag al-qarib mina'l-
-1xtudn 'a k~nsman' 1369; 0.0. 1447 (2 ka:) fCa3. 111189 (kiyrgu:r, k1yigma:k): K B ( ? )
aziz 01 h y i g m a z a n q d l n b u 'izz 'he is
and about a dozen others translated a/-parib
or a/-ax 'brother', sometimes spelt kada:g or gracious and does not deprive him of this
kadag: KB (knowledge is) ked b a g l r s a k grace' verse, proh. spurious, in the Vienna
kndag 'a vcry rnmpassionate kinsman' 317; MS. after 1248: X w a r . xrv (if you do not
blllglg ne b a r m u atlag yl katlag 'what yalk in their ways and) b i r yagka k i y i g s a ~
acquaintances have you, comrades or kins- turn acide in another direction' (I will loathe
men?' 524; 0.0. 1327, 2575, 3209 (1 k*): you) Nahc. 318, 13.
SIII(?) T P ~ kaclag/kazag
. 'brnther, k~nsman' D kodug- Recip. f. of ko:@-; survives, with
192-3; a.0. 198 ( I ka:): xrv /Ifrdz. a!-qarZba much the same meaning, only(?) in SU' Tiirki
'kindred' ka:ya:g Mel. 49,2 (Rif.143 yagu:k) : koyag-Ikoyug-. Xak. XI ola:r bl:r bi:rke:
Gag. xvff. knyag is used in Hend. wit11 kogugdl: 'they left (tarakn) the matter
i : ~
u r u k , for example they say u r u k kayag to each other and relied (ittakala) on one an-
najdd ula aqmdm 'descendants and clans'; other' Kay. II94(ko@ugu:r,ko*a:k; MS.
u r u k can he used by itself hut not kayag Son. everywhere kodq-).
281r. 22 (quotns.); 0.0. Vel. 98; Sun. 71 v;
10-14 (urug): X w a r . xrv kadag 'kinsman D *kudug- See kuyug-.
Qirth 127; knyag ditto 128; a.0. 126 (I lca:);
kadag Nahc. 48, 15; kayag do. 120,6; 383, 8. T r l s . GD$
kadlg 'strap'; s.i.a.m.l.g., usually as kayly.
DF kadagllk Hap. leg.; A.N. fr. kadag. Xak.
its form as a I.-w. in Pe., Doerfer 111 1414. Cf.
xr kadagllk a/-umrruroa wa'l-qdraha 'blood-
s13rlrn, yarindak. Xak. xr kadlg 'a strap' relationship, kinship' Ka$. I 503,
(al-soy) which is cut as a strip from the hide of T r i s . V. GD$-
a slaughtered beast' Kas. I 369; 0.0. do. 499
(bakanlig); ZII ro (yCtiz); 325 (toku:la:-): D kadig1a:- Hap. leg.; Den. V. fr. kadlg.
TIV Illuh. (under 'cohbler') al-sayru'l-2ali.y Xak. xr 01 ki3:niig kadrg1a:di: qndda mina'l-
a thick strap' ka:yr:p Mel. 59, 14; Rif. 158; -~ayrimsuyr 'he cut a strap in a strip from
(under 'horse furniture') a/-sajr qa:yig 71, the tanned leather' K q . I11 335 (kadlgla:r,
10; 173 (but translating sadddrt'l-sarc 'saddle- kadrg1a:ma:k).
straps'); a.0. 71, 14; 174 (iizegii:): Gag,. xv ff.
kayig 'a strap' (tasma) that is a long strip of ~ l s GDY
.
leather Sun. 281 v. 16: K o m . xrv 'strap' xayg V U F k u t a y n.0.a.b.; Rad. and Thomsen
C C G ; Gr.: KIP. xrv kaylg al-say Id. 77: were no doubt right in translating this word,
xv a/-rayr kayy (sic) Kaw. 64, 4; k a y q Ttih. which occurs in two lists of precious objects.
rgb. 3. as 'silk fabric' of some kind; it is presumably
 a Chinew phr.; the sec~)l~d syll:~lrlernipht I>c llatids roucl~like the t~arkuf ;I trcc' (1 111
tai 'eirdle' (Giles 10.~54).Tiirkii V l l l (their 17.
. 111.
' I
white silver) krrgagi;iig' kutayrn 'bordered
silk fabric(?)' (and nlusk-scerlted mmt)roidered kOtuzlufi 'I:~I>.I ~ E . l'.N./l'.
; fr. kOtuz.
I~rocade)II N I I ; a.0. do. 3 (e$gii:ti:). Xak. X I kotuzlufi e r 'a man who orvns wilt1
cattle (i.e. yaks)' Kaf. 1495.
Dis. GDZ
I) kadtz 'the hark of a tree', and in the early
T r l s . \'. C l j Z - ~
period specifically 'cinnamon hark'; perhaps 11 kadlzlan- I h . lea.; I M . ])en. V. fr.
ljev, N, fr, 2 *ka:d- in the sense ,,fsornerhing kndrz; the basic f. survives as k a y ~ z l a -'to
which detaches itself or is detached from the remove the bark of a tree' in N\Y I<az. R II
tree. uyg. v l r I ff, h q a n , - ~(in a series of 98. Xak. X I y r g a : ~kadrzland~: nnbofa li'l-
similes) yhtingsiz bilge lgnq kadizr 'the -rocor lihd 'the trcc grew bark' Knr. 11 ~6~
bark of the broad tree of wisdon~'M III 31, (kadrzlanu:r* kadlzlanma:k).
1 (iii): Civ. kadlz 'cinnamon bark' appears,
VUI) koduzlan- l l a p , leg,; 1lcfl.I)~,,, V, fr,
together v-ith pepper, cardamom, and other kopuz. ~ ~ crg koduzlandr:
~ :
spices in several prescriptions H 1 6 , 107; 7.7' Irlarried a femrllr sole' (!nJ:i.,/) K ~ 11
~ 267
~ , I
VII 22, 5: X I V Chirl.-U~d. Diet. klrei h ~ f l ,koduzlanu:r, koduzlnnm~r:k),
I
'cinnamon flower' (Giles 6,435 5,002) kadrz
veqek I.igeti 159; R 11 329: Xak. xr k a d ~ z
&Ion. C;C;
'the bark of a tree' Kos. I 365.
li?~fi'~r'l-gocaro
ka:g ko:g/ka:k ko:k tlap. leg.; onomato-
VUL) koduz n.0.a.b.; the precise meaning ~ o e i c s Xnk.
. X I kn:z ka:g ko:R ettl: 'the duck
seems to be 'femme sole', that is a woman who (properly L'goose") made a noise (;d/ra) like
no longer has a husband because he is either this onomatoporic' (ol-lrikiyo) KO$. 111 128-
divorced or dead, less narrow than tu:l 'widow'. ka:z ka:k ko:k etti: 'the dllck (goose)
Prob. Dev. N. fr. k0:d- in the sense of some- a noise in this wwy' (nl-nnz0') 111 1 3 0 .
thing abandoned. Tiirku V I I I T 48 (agr:):
Uyg. v r ~ r(I defeated them and) y11kl:sl:n 1 kak/ka:k the connotation is 'some-
b a r ~ m ~ :k1zl:n
n koduz1:n keliirtlm 'carried thing dried', often with the implication that it
off their livestock, movables, (unmarried) girls is so dry that it is splitting. S . i . ~ . m . l . ~
L.-w.
.
and fernrnes soles' $a. E 3: Xak. X I koduz in Pe., etc., Doerfer I11 1397. Xak. XI k a k
ol-nror'ntu'l-~osib 'a femme sole' KOJ.I 3 6 5 . al-fnliq 'a dried segment of something'; hence
one says eriik k n k ~ :'dried split plums' (etc.):
kotuz (kotoz) 'yak'. Survives in this meaning k a k e t a/-[alrmu'/-qadid 'meat cut in strips
in S E Tiirki kotaz: NC Kzx. kodas; Klr. and dried', also used of anything that is cut
kotos: SC IJzb. k a t a s ; SW Osm. kotaz/ in strips and dricd (tnqnddntlo): k a k al-gadir
kotas (Red. 'vulgarly xotoz'); see SltcJlerbok, 'a dry river- or lake-bed' (verse) KO?. 11282:
p. 103. In S W Az., 'Tknl. gotaz; Osnl. kotaz (after ka:lc ko:k) and nl;fnliq is called ka:k
also means 'a tuft of yak's hair worn as an ko:k (MS.ko:kotk) as n jingle ('ald foriqi'l-
ornament'. L.-w. in I'e., etc. in both meanin~s, -i!hd') I11 130; ka:k 'dried split plums' (etc.)
Durrfcr 111 1414. Xak- kotuz bnrlnra'l- I I I 155: slv Aitrl~.(?)(unclrr 'horses') nl-
-rca/iJ 'awild bovine'linf. 1 3 6 5 : K B ( a s vicious -,,mshliq 'the loser' ( ~ ) ~ ~ otos a/-s(il)iq
it~ 'thr.
as a bear) kohlz reg oqi 'as spiteful as a yak' wir~ner')kn:k Rv. 171 (only; the same word
231 r (hut this might he kutul. 'Inad dog'); Ys used n~etaph.?): Gag. s v tf. k a k 'anything
kuzda yorlkl1 kalln k6P k o m z 'or large dried' (krrrrrmrrf); in Xorasan and Samarkand
herds of vaks ranpinp the northern slopes of they dry nlrlons like other frtlit, and whrn they
the rnouninitis'(or b~ills,cows, and oxen in the need them they llloistcn thcrn with \srater and
lai ins) 5372: KIP. slv k o f u z 01-barcam (Pe. they become like fresh melons VFI. 323
parram) 'a ~ a k ' stail', that is (a tuft of) hair (quotn.); k a k (I) srr~k'dry' (quotn.); (2) 'rain-
which is hung on horses' necks fd. 73. water which collects in open ground (dart)
and fornis a pool (tfildb) and disappears' Son.
(13) kutuz 'mad', and esp. 'a mad dog'; con- X I V ka:k nl-qolt, is 'a hole
netted etymologically ,\,ith kutur-. survives 274Y. 1°:
in the rock in which water collects' Id. 73;
in S W Osm, kuduz 'rahies'; mad, un- 01-qadid k a k et/ (llU sijgriik/knru: et) Bttl.
restrained', of animals, human beings and even 8, 9: xv qndid kak 'lith, 2ga, 6 .
some kinds of vegetation. Xak. XI k u t u z ~t
a/-kalb~r'i-kalib'a mad dog' Knf. I 365: KB 2 k a k Hap. lea.; the nanic of a game bird,
231 I (?, see kotuz): Gag. xv ff. k u t u z (spelt) prob. of onomatopoeic origin, cf. ka:g ko:g.
dizcdno 'mad', also pronounced kuduz Son. Xak. X I K B k a k is included, with swan,
283v. I (quotn.): Xwar. srv k u t u z I t Qutb pelican(?), crane, hurtard, and three other
146; Kip, sv '~rq~ir tninn'l-kild 'of dogs, prone unidentified birds in a list of birds which can
to bite' kutuz T~rh.251). I . be hunted 5377.
TT~S. Cnz S 3 ka:k See ka:g.
D kacjlzgakl~gHap. leg.; P.N./A. fr. 3 Den. kl:g 'animal du?ig', pnrticl~lnrlywhen used 'as
N. fr. k a d ~ z .Uyg. V I I I tT. Bud. (cold-faced a fertilizer. S.i.a.m.l.g. cxccpt NE(?) as k ~ f i /
Brahnlans) kadlzgakllg eligin 'with their kry; cf. komirk, 1 yin, r!tc. Uyg. V I I I ff. Civ.
 D I S . V.
H I1 26, 84 (iikmek): Xak. XI k ~ : g 'dung' ?D 2 ko:k- 'to decrease, diminish', and the
(al-zibl) with which land is manured (yuzbal) like; perhaps Emphatic f. of *ko:-. Survives in
Kaj. IZI 129: Gag. xv ff, krk piikil 'sheep's the same meaning in NE Sag., Sor kok-;
dung' Son. 297v. 27: T k m . xrrr al-ba'r Kumd. ko:k- R I1 508-9; Khak. xox-.Uyg.
'animal dung' k ~ : g (miss-pelt kayj; K!p. vlrr ff. Civ. (your advantages and honour have
m a y a k ) Iiotr. 15, 5:. O s m . xrv ff. klg 'dr~ed diminished) edig t a v a r q koktl 'your pro-
animal dung'; c.i.a.p. TTS I 454; I1 623; perty and wealth have decreased' T T I 58-9:
111443 ; I V 506. Xak. X I au:v ko:kdr: 'the water decreased
(gdda) from what it had been and subaided'
?D ko:g 'dust' and the like; prrhapa Dev. N. (rakanu); and one says 81:g k0:kdl: 'the swell-
fr. *ko:- in the sense of something that settles ing subsided' (sakana) Kay. I11 184 (ko:ka:r,
on the eround. Survives in some NE lanpuanes ko:kma:k).
as kokU'ashes, scurf' R I1 507; XOx ~ h i k .
'burning ashcs'; Sag. 'barley chaff' Bar. 289; Dis. G e A
NW K n m kok 'dust' R I1 507. Cf. to:g, to:^. krkl: Flap. leg.; onomatopoeic; cf. ktklr-,
Uyg. vrrr ff. 13ud. (we too at the end of a long kak1:la:-. Xak. XI or#: krlu: cafaba rra ?iy+
life) m u n ~ u l a y ukog bolur 'will become dust 'outcry, shouting' Kaj. I11 227.
like this' USp. 97, 17; (Sanskrit lost) dyanlrg
kogl e r s e r meaning uncertain; acc. to u. G. kugu: 'swan'. S.i.m.m.1.g. as k u , sometimes
the parallel Sanskrit text requires some mean- only in a k k u 'white swan'; N W Kumyk,
ing like 'thc axle of meditation' TT VZII A. 34: Nog. k u v ; SW Az. g u ; Osm. k u g u ; Tkm.
Xak. X I ko:g af-gad5fi'f-'ayn a711i'l-fa'dtn 'fine guv. L.-w. in Pe., etc., Doerfcr I11 1543.
dust in the eye or in food' Kaj. 111 128: Tiirkii vrrr A. (a man) kugu: kugka: 8 0 k u : ~ -
O s m . X I V to xvr kog 'hot ash, spark'; in several mi:g 'encountered a swan' I r k B 35; a.0. do.
texts TTS Z I I 464; I V 530; XVIII kog in Rlimi, (ur-): Uyg. vrrr ff. Civ. T T I 225 ( u p ) :
sixdm-i dtar 'hot ash, spark' Sun. 288v. zr. Xak. xr kugu: al-hawcisil Kaj. Z I I (and
240, 25); there is considerable doubt of the
Mon. V. CG- exact meaning of this word which is also used
to translate korda:y, q.v.; Red. 812 translates
*ka:g- see ka:gut, ka:gll,ka:gu:n,ka:gur-. it. inter alia. as '~elican'in Osm.. but Brockel-
kak- strike, esp. ,to knock on (a &n transiates'it as 'swan' in one place and
onomatopoeic by origin, 'connorant' in the other: KB (geese, ducks
prob,
s,i.a,m.l,g. some extended meanings and) k u g u 72; 0.0. 365 (tii), 1101, 5377: xrv
xak. anl: bagda: (I so read, not bagra:j Muh. al-turnliq 'stork, or crane?' (NB. not
crane, which is turi5a:) ku:ku Mel. 73, 5;
kakdl: 'he tapped him lightly (qaraeahu . . . Rif. 176 (Rif. also 'white water bird' kugu:):
xafifa(n)) on the head, zz 293 (kaka.r
kakma:k); yagnat klhTbagl: (MS. in er;oi X w a r . XIV ~ U V U(misvocali~edkauu) 'swan'
Qutb 137; ditto (correctly vocalized but with
barrnl:) iize: kakkll yara: your sword -k- for -"-) 140; ku Iswan' M N 5: Ip'
flash over h ~ head,
s strike, and split it' 11356, !in the list of birds) al-marzam 'swan' k u w
o.o. I 73, 9 ; 102, 4: Gag. xv K. kak-
strike (zadan) one thing against another' San. But. 12, 3; ku: (?kuw) ditto (misvocalized
274r, 8: xwar. xlv kak- 'to knock on (a door)' af-mirzam 'the star Rigel') Id. 76: xv famm
'a kind of goose' (Steingars1 k u (in margin in
utrrb 131: K ~ xrrr ~ (laqqn
. qar.i,l-bdb 'to
knock on a door3 k a k - ; also safaqa'l-rahn second hand kugl/kugu) Tub. 8b. '3.
'to strike hands on a bargain' Ifou. 40, 4: Dis. V. <T;cA-
xrv kak- qara;? Id. 73: O s m . xrv ff. k a k -
(occasionnlly xrv, xv kax-) notrnally 'to knock kak1:- 'to be angry (with someone Abl.), to
on a door'; in some texts looks like a Sec. f. of abuse'. Survives, with same meaning, only(?)
kalk- I'TS I 404; I1 565; 111396; I V 453. in SW Osm. See L)oerfer 111 1400. Uyg.
vrIr ff. Bud. iivkeleser k a k ~ s a r 'if he is
1 kok- properly 'to give out a smell of burn- angry' (Hend.) Sftv. 595, 10: Xak. XI 01

1 ing', hence by extension 'to smell unpleasant

or putrid, to stink*. Survives only(?) in SW
Az. ~ O X U - I k o x u Osm.
-; kok-; Kaj.'s alterna-
a n d l n kakl:dl: he was angry with him
Wdiba 'alayhi) and annoyed (dacira) with
what he had done' Kaj. 111 269 (kalu:r, in
tive form ko:k- may be an error. Xak. X I Argu: kakryu:r; the Arb: form all the A0r.s
ya:g otta: k o k t ~ :'the smoke of the (burning) in this chapter in this may but it is irregular
oil rose in the air' (irtafa'a); it is like when and incorrect; kakt:ma:k): Xwar. xrv kakl-
a lamp is extinguished and smoke rises from 'to be angry' Quth 131: Kom. xrv 'to abuse'
it; similarly when meat is burnt and its smell kagr-/kakl- CCI, C C G ; Gr.: T k m . xrv
of burning (qutifrnhn) rises, one says e t kokdl: kakl- Badiba I'd. 73; Gtdza, wdca'a 'to be
Kai. 11293 (koka:r, kokma:k); et ko:kdl: angry, h k t ' kakl- Bttl. 33v.: xv al-gay*
! 'the smell of burning meat rose' also of the
smoke of a lamp when it is extinguished (2
ka:krmak Kav. 61, r6;jodiba ka:kr- do. 76,
12; 2tdpa (Krp. yaglr-) T k m . kak- (in
ko:k- follows) I11 184: Xwar. x r ~ rkok- (or margin in second hand, iadiba kakl-) Tuh.
I kbku- ?) 'to smell' (Intrans.) 'Ali 29, 58: Ktp. 6a. 7: Osrn. xrv ff. kakz- 'to be angry, to
xrv kok- fdiiat r+i!mtu'l-hardq 'there was reprimand'; c.i.a.p. T T S Z.qoz;-II 563; I11
a smell of burning' fd. 73: xv fdha koku- 395; I V 452: X V I I I kakl- In Rum?, xzjrntrdk
1 ( T k m . koksu-) Tuh. 28a. 10. judan 'to be enraged' San. z74v ro.
! 8641135 x
 # .C C N 611

dung'; and one sayq 01 attn klglattt: 'he made Afrisiyih, r:,nhrca'l-wdqdn, it is used both 'in
his horse stale' (nrd!n) Kay. II 348 (krRlatu:r, the short and thc lone form KO$.111I 57: KO
krg1atrna:k). xa:ka:n is the title givcn to the poet's patron
85-6, 102-4, I I j: xrv Muh. al-malik 'king'
D kaklan- Ilefl. f. (somct~mcsused as Pass.) xa:ka:n Mel. 50, 4; Itif. 145 (in margin xa:n):
pf kak1a:-; s.i.s.m.1. Xak. xr et kaklandt: F a g . xv ff. ka'an (also a Pe. word) xsqdn wa
the meat dried' (taqaddada); and one says xdn Vel. 3 I 3 (rluotns.); ka'an jdh-i jshdn 'king
su:v k a k l a n d ~ :islanqah'l-md' zuo $rira&udrdn of kings'; in this connection the M o n ~ o l scall
fi'l-aqldt 'the water collected and formed pools their own supreme Emperor (pddijdh) to
in hollows' (i e. and then dried up) Kag. II whom other pddif6hs are suhject ka'an Sun.
252 (kaklanu:r, kaklan1na:k). 2 6 3 ~ .8 ; x a k a n alternative form (murridif) of
ka'an that is 'king of kings' (quotn.); and they
T r i s . V. C~L- call Emperors in general and the Emperor of
D kakt:la:- 'to cackle' and the like; Den. V. China in particular x a k a n zzzr. 23 (followed
fr. *kakl:, an onomatopoeic cognate to klkl:, by a list of other royal titles).
q.v. Perhaps survives in SC Uzb. kalulla- ID ka:gu:n 'melon'. S.i.a.m.l.g. except NE
and kakllda- in several NC, NW, and SW with great phonetic variations, but usually as
languages, R 11 61, which are more or less kavunlkawun; morphologically could be a
synonymous. Xak. xr KB (geese, ducks, and Dev. N. fr. *ka:g- but except for xa:tu:n,
swans fill the sky and) kakrlayu k a y n a r which is a I.-w., this seems to be the only
y o k a r u kodt 'swirl up and down cackling' Turkish word with two long vowels, and it is
72: xtv Muh. na'aba'l-irrrdb 'of a crow, to perhaps also a I.-w. Uyg. VIII ff. Bud. (vege-
croak' kak1:la- Mel. 31, I 5 ; Rif. I 16. tables, fruit) ka:gun T T I'III K.4: xtv
Chin.-UJ.8. Dict. 'water melon' k a g u n Ligeti
Dls. C%N 160; R I1 77: Xak. xr ka:gu:n al-bazfix
F x a g a n a title of great antiquity taken over 'melon' Kaf. 1 4 1 0 ; about a dozen 0.0. with
by the Tiirkii in the specific sense of 'an inde- same spelling and translation: KB nese
pendent ruler of a tribe or people'. Its earlier karkliig e r s e k a g u n tag yiizi however
history is discussed by I'ulleyblank in Asia beautiful the outside of a melon is' (if it has
Major IX, Part 2, pp. 260 ff. It is first noted no taste throw it away) 51 ro: XIv Muh.(!)
in an immediately recognizable fornl as a royal badru'l-baffix 'melon seed' ka:wu:n U N ~Rif.
title of the Juan-juan and T'u-yii-hun round 181 (only): T k m . xrrr 01-bat!& ka:wun Ifou.
about A.D. 400, but Pulleyblank believes that 8, r I : xrv k a w u n aI-ba!.tixu'l-a~far 'a yellow
a Hsiung-nu royal title hu-yii (Ancient Chinese melon' Id. 76; xv ditto ka:wun Kav. 63, I S ;
ywax-ywdy) mentioned in connection with 'a yellow, or other, melon' kowun (between
events at the end of the 1st century B.C. is an the lines 'and kawun') Tuh. 6b. 12.
earlier Chinese transcription of the same word. VU?D kokun Hap. leg.; perhaps an Intrans.
In Tiirkii and Uyi. texts it is habitually Dev. N. fr. 1 kok-, but the semantic connec-
transcribed kagan, but as both x- and k - tton 1s tenuous. Xak. XI kokun al-jarara
would have been represented by the same letter 'spark' Kaj. 1404.
in these texts it was almost certainly xagan.
The relationship between it and xa:n, which
is practically syn. w. it, is obscure; the two Dis. V. C ~ N -
cannot morphologically be connected in D kakrn- Refl. f. of kak-; 'to strike oneself'.
Turkish but may have been alternative forms Survives as kaktn- 'to heat one's breast, clap
in the languages from which they passed to one's hands', and the like in some NE. NC,
Turkish. It became an early I.-w. in Mong. as NW languages R II 73. Uyg. vrlI ff. Bud. tSUy
kaganlka'an (Ifaenisch 5 4 4 ) and re-entered irinqii a g r r aytg krllnqlarm o k u n u p kalu-
Gag. in the latter form. I t was Arabicized as nip bilinip u k u n u p 'repenting his sins and
xriqdn at an early date and in that form re- misdeeds, beating his breast and knowing and
mained one of the imperial titles until the understanding(his own faults)' Stlw. 139,23 ff.;
dissolution of the Ottoman Empire. TiirkIi am. do. 140, 11.
vrrr x a g a n is very common; it is normally
used of the Tiirkii ruler himself, but also of Tris. ~ C N
the Emperor of China, tavgac x a g a n I N 12, DF xaganllg P.N.1.4. fr. xagan. N.0.a.b.
the King of Tibet Tupiit x a g a n I N 12, and T i i r k u vttr xaganlrg bodun e r t i m 'we were
junior members of the royal family installed as a people ruled by (our own) xafan' I E 9, 11
the rulers of subject Turkish tribes, Tiirgeg E 9; 0.0. I E 15, I1 E 13: I E 1 8 ; II E 24.
x a g a n , K t r k ~ zx a g a n I N 13: Uyg. vtrr
x a g a n was the title assumed by Uyk. rulers D kagunlug Hap. leg. ?; P.N./A. fr. ka:gu:n.
when they became independent in A.D. 742 Sic. Xak.xr kagunlug e r 'a man who owns melons'
I N I, etc.: vlrr ff. I?ud. adtnqtg rduk x a g a n 1499.
x a n silsi 'the army of our elect, sacred ruler
(Hend.)' TT VII 40, 123-4: xrv Chin.-Uyg. D kagunluk A.N. (Conc. N.) fr. ka:gu:n;
Dict. h u a n ~ti 'Emperor' (Giles 5,106 10,942) a melon patch'. S.i.s.m.1. Xak. xr kagunluk
x a g a n Ligrfi 160; R II 71: Xak. xr (under al-mab!axa 'a melon patch' Kaf. I 504; a.0.
xa:n) it is the title given to the descendants of 1505, 18.
 1
VUI) icck~nl.~,: Hap. leg ; P.N./A. fr. kokun. 'to shout' ($a:@.lr- and) VIJ ktgtr- 26, 15;
Xak. xr kokunlug o:t ndr d5t yaram 'a fire I I O (k1:glr- in margin only): X w a r . xrv
ni9k;np sparks' Kay I 409. klklrt- (jklklr-) 'to shout' Qtrtb 149: Korn.
stv 'to clear one's throat' kakrr- CCG; G r . :
T r l s . V . CCN- Klp. xrv nCd5 biilri rcn Zrtrir(nn) 'to shout
1lF xaganla:- Der~.V. fr. xafian. N.o.a.h. loudly, piving orders' ( ~ a g r r -and) k ~ g ~ r -
Btrl. 85r.; 'Tkm. klgtr- ,ro(ld fd. 73: xv
TUrku v111 xnganladuk xajian1:n 'their
.roton wlionl they had set 1111' I E 7, I1 I? 7 tonnrsotrta 'to clear one'. tt~rc):~t' k a k t r - 'I'ulr.
921. 12: O s m . S I V if. k t g ~ r -' i t , sh(,rtt, ciill r)tlt
I
(1:4-); a.o. Ottgitt 2. 1
(to somront.)'; c i.n.p. 7'7:V 1 4 ; s ; I 1 623; I11
I> ka:gu:nlan- Hap. leg.; ReR. Ilen. V. fr. 443; 11' 507: X I V kaglr- 'to clear one's
ka:gu:n. Xak. XI e r ka:gu:nlandr: 'the man thniat'; in two texts I 402; I V 452: X V I I I
o\vned melons' Kay. I11 206 (ka:gu:nlanu:r, kakrr- (spelt) in Rtirni, faryrid knrdan 'to i
ka:gu:nlanma:k). shout' Sun. 2 7 4 ~ .10.
,
VUD kakrrt- Iiap. leg.; occurs in a section
D ka:gu:nsa:- Hap. leg. mentioned only in
a ramm ma tical section; Drsid. Den. V. fr. F a d e d fo'landi mtryaddadattr'l-dB1f i !mrakdtilti 1
ka:gu:n. Xak. X I e r ka:gu:nsa:dt: 'the man of the form CVCCVC- with, the 1ast.C a -t-,
wanted a melon and longed for it' Kay. I 2 8 0 , with various vocalizatiuns'. I he sectlon con- !
4; n.m.e. tains ahout loo V.s; vo\vels of all Itinds occur
in the first syllable; in the second syllable the
1lF xagans1ra:- IIap. leg.; Priv. Den. V. fr. vowel is usually (correctly) -a-1-e-, but -I-1-i-
x a k a n ; 'to be without a xagan'. T u r k u VIII also occurs, this word has -a- in the MS., but
I E I3 (elsire:-). morphologically -I- scetns to be required; pre-
sumably Caus. f. in -t- of *knkrr- Cnus. f. of
D F xaganslrat- Caus. f. of xagansrra:-; knk- lit. 'to cause to hit or tap'.: Xnk. xr 01
n.0.a.h. T u r k u vrrr xaganltgng x a g a n s t r a t - kakrltgu: (MS. kakratgrr:) knkrlttl: 'he heat
mlv '(we) deprived peoples who had (their
own) xnjans of their W a n s ' I E 1 5 , I I B 13;
on a watchman's drum (~amwata{abla'l-ndftir)
to keep the sparrows etc. away from the sown
i
a.0. I E I 8. seed' Kay. 11334 (kakrrtu:r, kakr1tma:k).
Dis. V . WR-
VUD kokrut- Hap. leg. ; in the same section
1) k a g u r - Caus. f. of *ka:g-; 'to parch' (grain as kakrrt-, q.v., and vocalized kokrat- in the
and the like); later, more generally, 'to bake, MS.; presumably Caus. f. in -t- of *kokur-,
roast'. S.i.s.m.l., usually as kavur-Ikawur-. Caus. f. of 2 ko:k-; 'to reduce' or the like. Cf.
Cf. kakla:-; the difference between the two kokrug-. Xak. XI 01 su:vug k o k r u t t ~ :
words seems to he that k a g u r - implies the nnqqa$a'l-md' 'he reduced the (supply of)
application of heat, and kak1a:- merely water'. or some other liquid Kay. I1 334
exposure to the sun and air. Uyg. VIII ff. Civ. ( k o k r u t u : ~ ,kokrutma:k).
(crush pktr stone and) b a k l r &gi$te s a r g a r -
g i n p k a g u r u p 'heat it in a copper vessel D k a g r u l - Pass. f. of k a g u r - ; s.i.s.n~.l.
usually
until it turns yellow' H I 172-3; 8.0. I1 16, 23: as kavrul-Ikawrul- 'to be roast'. Xak. XI
Xak. X I ol t a r l a kagurdl: 'he parched (qalz) bugda:y kavruldl: 'the wheat (ctc.) was
the wheat' (etc.); kavurdl: alternative form parched'; alternative form of kagrulda: (111ga
(Itrgn) 1~1th-v- for -g- Kay. II 81 ( k a g u r u r , ,fi'l-goyn) Knf. II 235 (knvrulu:r, kavrul-
kagurma:k; the two Perfs. nre vocalized, ? by ma:k); (\rllcn the fire of passion takes hold of
a later hand, kog-lkoo-): Gag. xv ff. k a w u r - a man) opke: y u r e k kagrulu:r 'his lungs and
(spelt) biryin kardan 'to roast' Son. 27%. 13 heart are roast' (tataqnild) I1 144, 7: Gag.
(quotn.): Kip. X I I I qalld min toqliyati'l-lahm svff. k a w r u l - (spelt) hiryfin ytrdnrt 'to be
'to roast (meat)' knwur- I3ott. 43, 7: xrv roast' San. 2 7 8 ~ .23: Krp. sv inqnlii 'to be
k a w u r - qold Id. 69 (misplaced), 76; qal; roast' (kowurun-; in margin in SW(?)hand)
ka:wur- Bul. 72v.: xv qnld kowur- (sic) k a w r u l - Ttrh. 7a. I.
Ttrh. joa. 8.
D kegrug- Hap, leg.; Co-op. f , of kagur-.
D krkrr- Intrans. Den. V. fr. klkl:; 'to shout'. Xak. X I 01 maga: t a r @ k a v r u g d ~ 'he
: helped
Sporadic occurrences of k a k l r - are similar me to parch (fi qnly) the wheat' (etc.); kag-
I)m. V.s fr. *kakr:, cf. kak1:la:-. Survives as rug&: with -8- alternative form (Itrfa jihi)
klygrr- in several NE languages and NC I<zx. Kaf. II 219 (kavru$u:r, kavrugma:k).
R II 693; Klr. ktyktr-. Uyg. VIII ff. Bud.
k a t t g unin klklra 'shouting in a loud voice' D kikrtg- Recip./Co-op. f. of k ~ k r r - ; 'to
U I V 36, 89; 38, 138; 0.0. T T X 34, 363-4: shout to one another, to shout all together';
Xak. XI e r klktrdt: 'the man shouted (~Zka) it is sometimes impossible to determine which
calling people at the top of his voice' Kaj. I1 meaning is intended. S.i.s.m.l. Uyg. vrrl ff.
83 (klklra:r, klk1rma:k); 0.0. I 142. 14; (the demons) klklrlgu U I V 8, 9; k1krrqtrlar
441, 8 : KB krkirrna (so Fergana h l S . , others do. 22, 295-(the hunters) ktkrlqup (with
kakirrnn) 'do not shout (at meals)' 41 13: XIII loud voices) do. 32, 4-21: Xak. X I e r e n
(?) Tef. k ~ k t r -'to shout' (to someone Dat.) k a r n u g krkrlpdl: 'the men all shouted and
207: xlv IIItrIt. tannl~nn?m'to cough, clear the called out together' &hot . . . fun calabti) K q .
throat' ka:klr- Me1. 24. 13; Rij. 106; zoznbqa I1 2 2 0 (klkrt$u:r, ktkrtgma:k; in addition
 DIS. V
to the kasras, dammas have been placed over 'leather' If I 1 22, 22: Xak. xr kogug 'the hide
the k - , they do not belong here and may have (cild) of a slau~hteredbeast, whether tanned
been placed here inadvertently instead of on or untanned' KO?.I 369; 0.0. translated cild
the following word, q.v.). I1 205 (ttirtiig-); I11 140 (k6:n); translated
01-$arm 'tnnned Icather' II 210 (slirtilg-); 355
(VU)Il kokrug- liep. k c . ; vocnlizcd bnkraj-, (yaglat-); III 308 (yagla:-); 319, I .
but obviously a Co-op. f. of *kokur-, see
kokrut-. X a k , X I su:vla:r k a m u g kokrug- ? D 2 kogug hasically 'a groove' with various
dl: 'the watrrs chhed' (or flowed away, specialapplications. Survive.ronly in SW Osrn..
cazarat (MS.in ermr cornznt)); also used of where traditional rneaninas are not traceable
any liquid when it becomes less (qallo), and later than xvrrr (see below); it now means
of swellings when they suhside (sakanat) Kag. 'a large room, hospital ward, dormitory, school
II zzo (kokrugu:r, kokrugma:k). mom', perhaps because these are, metaph.,
grooves In the plan of a building. Xak. xr
Tris. GGR kogug 01-mat'ab wn'l-mizdb 'water-course,
drain'; koguq mat'ahu'l-!%tin 'the spout of
D kakrltgu: Hap. leg.; Dev. N. (N.I.) fr. a grinding mill', one says tegirme:n kogug~::
kakrtt-, q.v.; 'a watchman's drum'. Xak. xr koguq ~aridatu'l-nabba'l'an arrow-straightener
Kay. II 234 (kakrlt-). used hy arrow-makers' (i.e. a groove through
PUL) kagurga:n Hap. leg.; MS. kakurga:ri, which the shaft is forced to straighten it) Kay.
lies between tagurga:n and kavurga:n; the I 369: xrv Rbi. b u n e kogug t u r u r 'what
obvious emendation is kagurga:n, but k a t - is this water-course?' H I1 519: (Gag. xv ff.
turga:n is a possible alternative; Dev. N. koguq 'gutter, drainage ditch; ground floor'
(Conc. N.) fr. kagur-. Xak. X I kagurBa:n P. de C. 433; origin obscure, no trace in any
bread which is kneaded (yn'con) with melted Gag. authority): O s m . xvr kogug okl T T S
butter and haked (yutbax) in an oven' Kaf. 1 4 7 6 ; I V 174 (s.v. gigre) and kovug okl I V
1518. I 74 translate Pe. ndwak 'cross-how arrow' (i.e.
one shot from a groove): xvrrr k0RuS 0 k u
D k a g u r m a : ~1)cv. N. (Conc. N.) (designat- ditto III 153 (s.v. gigre): kovug translates
ing foodstuffs) fr. k a g u r - ; survives in SW at-tarida 1488. 8
Osm. k a v u r m a q , same meaning; the parallel
Dev. N. in -ma: (Pass.), same meaning, also
D kog$a:k Llev. N./A. fr. 1 kogga:-: survives
survives in Osm. Xak. XI k a g u r m a : ~(mis- In SW 'rkm. govgak; xw Anat. koggak (SDD
vocalized kog-) 'parched (al-maqliya) wheat'; 950) 'soft, weak, flexible', and the like. Uyg.
k a v u r r n a : ~with -v- alternative form (lugs) vrrr ff. Civ. T T V I I I 1.4 (burh:): Xak. XI
Kaf. 1 4 9 3 : (Krp. xrrr (under 'foodstuffs') al- kog9a:k ne:g 'a thing in which there is soft-
-taqliya 'roast meat' k a w u r m a : Hou. 15, 18: ness and weakness' (al-fut~irwa'l-toahon) Kay.
X I V k a w u r g a : (sic, ?error) 'parched (al- 1474.
-maqliiw) grain'; and 'roast meat' (al-maqltizv Dis. V. C c $ -
mina'l-la?tm) is called k a w u r m a : fd. 76). D 1 k a k ~ g -Recip. f. of k a k - ; 'to hit one
E k u g u r s a k See kurugsa:k. another'. S.i.s.m.1. Xak. xr ola:r ikki: bagda:
(so read?, not bagra:) kaklgdl: 'they hvo hit
one another (taqdra'd) on the head' Km. 11
Dls. V. GGS- 104 (kaklgu:r, kak1gma:k): Gag. xv ff.
1) kaks1:- Si~nulativc Den. V. fr. 1 kak. k a k ~ g -(spelt) 'to hit (kchidun) one another'
N.o.a.b.; it is difficult to connect the KIP. Sun. 274r 24.
word semantically with this word. Xak. XI e t
kaks1:dI: tnqnddada'l-/ohm wa kdda dilika D 2 kalug- Recip. f. of kak1:-; n.o.a.b.?
minhic 'the meat dried (in the sun) or almost Xak. xr e r e n k a m u g kakrgdr: 'the men were
dried' Kaj. 111 286 ( k a k s c r , kaks1:ma:k): all angty with one another' (ta&zd&ba) Ka{.
(Klp. xv zanaxa '(of oil) to be rancid' kakgl- II 104 (followed by 1 kakrg-).
Tt~h.18a. 13 ; zanax wa'l-muraruwah 'rancid, D 1 kogga:- 'to become soft, weak', and the
odorous (oil)' kakqiptlr (sic) do. 18a. 9). like; presumably Den. V. fr. I k08ug used
metaph. as something soft and pliable. Sur-
Dls. ~ G Q vives in SW Tkm. govga-; cf. kevge:-.
kogug Preliminary note. Prima facie this word Tiirkii vrrr ff. Man. T T 1 I 6, 30 (1 s:z): Uyg.
is a Dm). N. in -US, but there is no trace of vrrr ff. Bud. ertigii k o g ~ a y u r m e n'I become
*keg-, and even i/ this was taken to be an very weak' U 11137, 6; 0.0. do. 48, I ; Suo.
alternative form of kov- there is no semantic , 118, 5 ( a l a ~ a c - ) :Civ. (he vomits and) k o g ~ a r
'becomes weak' T T V I I I 1.3: Xak. XI k a h g
connection. Equally it seems impossible to find ne:g kogga:dl: 'the hard thing became soft'
a common basis for the two meanings of the word. Kay. 111287 ( h o g g a r , kogga:ma:k): O s m .
xrv koxga- 'to become weak' T T S 1476.
?D 1 kogug 'leather'; n.0.a.b. Cf. k6:n. Uyg.
vr11 ff. Bud. (just as a sound constantly arises D 2 kogga:- Den, V. fr. 2 kogug; n.0.a.b.
from a drum by the combined action of the Uyg. vrrr ff. Bud. kBg yeti2 altnr kovugamlg
wood) kogugka 'the leather' (the drumstick (sic) t e g 'with a broad (Hend.) brow (looking)
and the hand) Sicu. 375, 7-8; Civ. kogug as if it had been smoothed' U IV 30, 49-50:
 D I S . V.
X a k . X I e r oknt: kov$a:dr: 'the man Ilttl. 3, I I : xv run!E' 'a clrpression' k o k u z Tiilr.
straiehtencd the arrow with an a r r o a - 3Xa. 7: O s m . srv to svr k o k t ~ z'partly, o r
-straightener' f!nrrnda . . . hi-tnridn); and an completely, empty'; In several texts 1'7'S I
alternatrve form ( h e n ) with -g- Knj. III 237 476; 465; Ib' 530.
(kov$a:r, kovga:nla:k).
M o n . (11,
D 1 k o g g a t - C a u s . f. of I ko&a:-; survives
in S\V 'l'kni. Rov$nt- 'to soften, weaken', etr. ; kol 'wild, savapc, ~nild',and the like. Sur\,ivcs
s x Anat. koggnt- 'to soften (the ground) hy in NIC $or, 'I'cl. knl (nf n n ~ n n )'coarse, sharne-
plnughinq' S D I ) 950. X a k . sr k u y a : ~an]: lcsq' It' 11 Z I O ;S;I~:.xnl 'strr)ng, daring' 130s.
k o g ~ a t t t : 'thc heat of the sun sapped his 268. U y a . V I I I ff Rlar~.(cxi<tc~lccas) k a l
strength' (nrclrorto qrrrt~rmtnlrrr); also used of njiulufi yrlkttla 'a wild, poiso11oi1%a ~ ~ i n i a l '
anything tlarcl I\-hrn its strength is s a p p r d ; 7'7' 111 26; a.o. (lo. r 15 (telve:): Chr. (hlinil,
thcre is an alternative form (Iriia) with -x- in d u ~ n b lame,
, crippled) k n l 'ir~sane'(diseased)
place of -g- Krry. I1 337 (kog$ntu:r, k o g g a t - hf 111 49, 4: 1311d. U III 7P, 13-14 (telve:):
ma:k). Civ. k a l t t t a r t m t g ki$i a man hittcn by
a mad dog' I1 1 6 3 ; 0.0. do. 55, 79: ( X a k . xr
L) 2 *ko&jat- IIap. leg. ; Caus. f. of 2 koRga:-. an unvncalized word in a prov. in ICng. 1 4 0 9 ,
X a k . xl 01 o k kov7a:ttt: 'he gave orders for 5 tr;~risl;~terl nl-gayx has Ixen transcrihcd k a l ;
the straightening(hi-tnlnlis) of the arrow in the it is no doubt k u l 'a scrvant (of God)'; thc
arro\v-straightener' Ka?. I1 338 (kovgatu:r, pmv. means 'the wnrds nf a rcligious teacher
kovgatma:k). are not disregarded; the willo\v shoots tying
(vinrc) to the trellis are not untied'): K o m .
1) *kog$al- Hap. leg.; Pass. f. of 2 kog$a:-. s r v '\vild' k n l CCG; Gr.
S a k . X I o k kov$aldt: 'the arrow was
stra~ghtened(titrridn) in the arrow-straightener krl 'a hair', csp. a horse hair or hristle; some-
so that it might hccorne straight' (li-gntnmnllas) times used as :lri ahhrc\.intion of kt1 k u d r u k
ling. 11236 (kovgalu:r, kov$nln~a:k). (see below). C.i.a.p.a.l. I,.-xv. in I'c. ctc.,
Docrfrr 111 1607. Cf. tu:, sag. U y g . vrrr ff.
r) 1 kogqag- IIap. leg.; Co-op. f. of 1 Ilud. (thr succrssors of the Duddhas are riot
kofign:-. X n k . X I kigi:le:r k n m u g k o g g a g d ~ : cut nff and) ktlga e g s u n ~ e zt e g g i l m e z 'do
'thc rilrn's streneth left thrm' (dalnlrabat qrrfcd'l- not dccrmsc crr changr as ~ n u c has a hair's
-rictil) because of the heat mhlch overcame then1 (hrcadth)' TT V I 205-6: X a k . sr k l l 'the
or the like; thcre is an alternative form (/ti&) )air' (a/-ga'r) of a tnan, ctc. : kll k u g al-snbnd
with -x- in place of -g- Kaq. 11 350 (keg- the s\vallow', it is a bird like the goose which
gagu:r, koggagma:k). conies at thc hcginning of spring; the h q s
(01-urrmrri) give one another presents at the
1) 2 *koggag- Hap. leg.; Co-op. f. of 2 kc$- heginning of spring (i.e. when it arrives); it is
ga:-. X o k . X I 01 a n t 9 o k r n kovgagdt: he
also c;rlled k l l k u d r u g that is 'with n tail (like
helpcd him to straighten ( f i topid) the arrow
a) hnir' KO$. I 337: KII (geese, ducks, swans,
in an arron-straightener' Kag. II 350 (kov- and) kt1 k a l l k r g t o d t 'swallows have filled the
$aSu:r, kovga$ma:k). air' 72; y o l u g k l l d a y l n c g e 'your road is
narrower thnn a hair' 6082; a.o. 2154 (iikek):
ccv-
T r i s . \I. s r v Alirlr. trrrr'xarrc'l-f(lmr 'the hack (LC. tail)
1) k o g u g l a n - Hap. leg.; Refl. Ilen. V. fr. of a horse' k11 n4d 69, 14; Rif. 171 : Gag. xv ff.
2 kogug. X a k . X I su:v kogu$landt: 'the kt1 nr17.v 'hair' Snn. 2gSv. r r (quotn.); k r l
water fln\ved down a channel' (reading in!ntohn k u y r u k 'a hird like the h a g r t k a r (Rrd.
~ in
(see the translation of 2 k o g u g ) for inhn'nln Osm. ? 'wood grouse, 7itra0 irr~,pzllrrs')which
'fln\ved' in the hlS.) KO?. I1 268 ( k o g u g - flits iir large Hocks (fnrtv jotrc), in r e . (Pll)
lanu:r, kogu$lanma:k). sorha!o(?) do. 17: X w a r . xrv kt1 'hair; string'
(of a nilrsical instrtrriient) Qrrth 147: KIP. X I I I
Dis. C ~ Z (11-go!(? 'sand grouse, Ptrrocles hirinctirs' k l l
k ~ r y r u k that
, is 'its tail is a hnir' (ga'r) Iioir.
D k o k u z (kokoz) Dev. N./A,fr. 2 ko:k-; sur- 10, 9: xrv ditto i d . 74; Brtl. 12, 4 (mis-spelt);
vives in SW Osm. k o k o z 'penniless, destitute', kt1 01-pa'r fd. 74.
described by Red. and Sarni as 'vulgar'; x s
Anat. k o g u z 'inadequate, deficient, half full', ko:I properly 'the upper a n n ' , as opposed to
?nd other meanings SDD 950; Tkm. k o v u z e l i g 'the forcann, hand', but in some modern
empty, deficient'. X a k . sr KB k o k u z is languages more generally 'the arm' and even
farrly comnlon, usually in antithesis to tolu: 'the hand'; also has various tnetnph. meanings,
'full', e.g. (if you love sonieone, his faults are e.g. 'a wing' of an arms. S.i.a.ni.l.g. L.-w. in
virtues, his crookedness straight) k o k u z ~t o l u Pe. etc., Doerfer 111 1.571. U y g vrrr ff. Bud.
'his emptiness full' 536; 0.0. 617 (kaagu:), k o l is common, e.g. Sanskrit bhuja 'arm' k o l
1626, 4718, 5296-(he said good-bye to his TT V I I I D.25; k o l t n y e t i p 'taking him by
friend and went ho~iie)kogli k o k u z 'in the the a n n ' PP 25, I ; 36, 3 ; (dnncing and) k o l l n
depths of depression' 5448: K I P xrv k o k ~ ~ zs a l a 'waving her arms' I7 I1 24. 4 ; a.o.0. : Civ.
n / - r r r 1 ~ r c ~ / 7 r r ' I - ~ r r 1 r s t(hlS.
~ f i l mr(.~tnqill)ka'l-gr7t~z (on a Snnke llay the soul) k o l t ~b o l u r 'gets
zr~a'l-/zNfirnrcn'l-cirrr 'a low-lying place like into the upper arm' 7'7' I711 1 9 ~ 7k; o l t n b u t l n
a vallry, hollow, or hole' Id. 73; nl$ri!a k o k u z s r g l a t u r 'it makes his upper arms and thighs
 MON.
swell' do. 25, 2: Xak. xr ko:l al-'adud 'the less slave wrote this' Tun. I V to, I I ;(he sent)
upper arm'; ko:l 'the word for what descends k u l ~ elginte:
: 'by the hand of his slave' Toyok
(inhabafa) from the peak (al-qulla) of a moun- I V r . 5-6 (ETY II 180): Uyg. VIII k u l ~ m
tain and rises (irfnfa'n) from the bottom kligim 'my male and fcmale slaves' Su. E 1 :
(qnra'r) of a valley', one says o:brr: ko:11: (mis- vrrl ff. Bud. (if I have made good, well-
-spelt 1zo:rlz:) 'theupper part('adrtd)ofa valley': -behaved people) kul k u g U I187,51; (mother
ko:l 'the cehtral ridge' (nl-intiha) of a sword and father, members of the same family) k t i ~
or knifc, ~t is an elon~ntedstrip (rariqa mzrm- k u l (quarrel with one another) T T VI 64
tarirfu) which is often gilded (yrlmawzvah hi'l- (1'111 0 . 7 ) ; a.o.o. : Xak. a1 kul a/-'ahd 'slave'
-dahab) and iq called k111q ko:lt: 'ndtrdu'l-sayf Kaf. 1 3 3 6 ; 1409. 5 (kal); I11 161, 76 (ko:l);
Krzj. 111 134; (in a tinal note on words of the about 30 0.0.: K U b u m u g l u g kulug 'this
form CVvC) we call words in this section miserable slave' 28; 0.0. 152, 235. 958. etc.:
'abbreviated' (manqif) because thc medial long XIII(?) At. (0 God. forgive me) neqe me
vowel (at-horftt'l-awsafrc'[-lad disappears and xatHllg k u l e r s e m s a g a 'however sinful a
the word becomes a bilitcral in speech (not in slave I may be to You' 38; a.o.o.; Tef. k u l
writing) although the letters all appear in the 'slave'; k u l kiig 216: xrv Rbi. k u l 'slave' (i.e.
written text (01-safr); for example the word Moslem) R 11 966 (quotn.); Muh. giclem
for 'upper arm' is ko:l, hut one says an1g kol!: 'se~ant'(withPoss.Suffs.) ku:lAfel. I I , 10-16;
aldl: 'he grasped hinl by the arm', so that it R5f. 85; 01-'abd k u l 51, 9; ku:l 147; ku1 151
bccomcs like the word for 'slave' k u l owing to (only): Gag. xv ff. k u l ('with -u-') 'nhd ma
the disappearance of the -0:- 111161, 15; a.0. bonda 'slave' Son. 2 8 9 ~ .16: X w a r . xrrr k u l
I11 288 (s~tfia:-):K R 69 ( 6 t h - ) , 766 (kavufj- 'slave' Ali 32: XIV ditto Qutb 143; MN 71
tur-): a111( ? ) At. iki kol d i n e r 'two arm- etc.: Icom. arv ditto CCG; Gr.: KIP. X I I I
fuls(?) of money' 312; a.0. 222 (kuq-): Tef. al-nramlrilz 'slave' k u l Hou. 29, 4; 32, 15: xrv
kol 'arm; (of an animal) leg; side; valley'; ditto fd. 73: xvditto Knv. 44,6-8; Trllr. jab. 5 ;
kol kng 'valleys and ridges' 211-12: xrv Muh. and many 0.0.
01-'n&rd ko:i A/lel. 47, 7 ; Rif. 141; (among
military terms) a/-cilrnh 'the wing (of an army) Mon. V. GL-
ko:l jo, 10; 145: Gag. xvff. kol ( I ) 'small kal- basically 'to remain'; with some idio-

! hills (drprl~r)on the flank of a mountain which matic meanings like 'to be only, to continue to
abut on the plains'($nhrd) (quotns.); (2) pzfve hc; to stop, come to a halt; to remain behind,
nloy ve raraf 'military formation, Rank'; (3) el become obsolete'. C.i.a.p.a.1. Tiirku VIII
/ 'arm, hand' (quotn.) Vel. 343; k01 (I) 'from (when my father died) oziim sekiz yagda:
the tip of the fingers to the point of the k a l t l m 'I was only eight yean old' ZI E 14;
shoulder', just as 61 means 'from the tip of the a.0. I E 30; Az bodun yagi: k a l t x 'the Az
fingers to the wrist joint'; also used metaph. people continued to be hostile' I N 2; (may
for 'hand' (do.tt) (quotn.); (2) 'hills and the country which our ancestors held) idisfz

! hillocks on the Rank of a mountain abutting k a l m a z u n 'not remain without a master' II

on the plains' (quotn.); (1) ram! 'direction'
etc. (quotns.); (4) qalb-i lajhnr 'the main hody
E 16 ( I E 19 bolmazun); 0.0. I E 20, II E 17
etc.: VIII ff. (a blood horse, exhausted in the
1 of an armyp, which is the commander-in-
-chief's battle headquarters (quotn.) San. 289v.
desert) t u t u : kalmi:g 'came to a halt' IrkB
I 7 ; 0.0. do. 9 (1 kat), I 3 (yurt), etc.: Uyg. VIII
10; a.o. r rzv. 3 (elig): X w a r . X I V kol ( I ) tiimen koii kalmlg 'ten thousand sheep
'arm'; (2) 'valley' Qutb 139; A4N I l o ; kol etini remained' Srr. W 9 ; a.o.0.: vrtr ff. Man.-A
I . 'the meat of (a sheep's) thigh' Nohc. 33, 10: a n a n kalmlg ag1 b a r a m 1 'the property
Korn. xrv 'hand' kol; 'ann' kol CCI, C C G ; (IJend.) which he left behind (when he died)'
C;r. 198 (quotns.): KIP. xrrr 01-rcddi 'valley' Af 1111 3 , 6-7 ( I ) : Man. T T I1146 (ultnclg):
I
kol Horr. 5, 18; a/-ibt 'arm-pit' kol 'with back Bud. (of the property (Hend.) in the treasury)
(mtdn.rYrntn)-1' do. 20, I o : XIV k01 ( m ~ ~ u x x a m ) a z g l n a kaltl 'only a little remained' PP 7, 5 4 ;
nl-'ndtrd iln'l-afribi' 'the (upper) arm as far as a.0. do. 30, I (neguluk); (if a man without
the fingers' Id. 73: xv al-yad 'arm, hand' k o l hands reaches an island of jewels) k u m g
(and el) Kav. 61, I ; &a' 'forearm' (argrn and) k a l l r 'he remains frustrated' (because he can-
! kol Trrh. 16a. KO;zand 'wrist' kol (and bilek) not pick thern up) T T V 26, 93; a.o.0.: Civ.
! do. 17b. r I ; 'adud kol do. 24b. 7: O s m . srv ff. (we have paid IOO of the 600 yastrrks due)
kol (I) 'arm';' (2) 'direction'; fairly common k a l g a n bCg y u z y a s t u k Taw knltr 'the re-
I'TS 1 1646; I11467; ZV 532. maining 500 have remained unpaid' USp. 12,
6 ; a.o.0.: 0. Krr. IX ff. beg yaglmta: kagsr:z
k u l 'a (male) slave'; the masculine equivalent k a l ~ p'I was left fatherless at the age of five'
i1 of kiig. C.i.a.p.a.l., now usually, less speci- Mal. 45.2: Xak. XI e r k k d i n k a l d ~ :'the man
fically, 'servant'. In a Moslem context often remained (baqiya) behind'; and one says 01
specifically 'the slave of Allah', i.e. a devout oyunda: k a l d ~ :'he gave up (fnraka) in the
I hloslem. L.-w. in Pe. Doerfer 111 1572. game'; also used of anything that remains or
Tiirk(i vrlr beglik url: og11:n k u l krltl: gives up; (prov.) B:1 kaldl: torii: ka1ma:s
'they made their sons. who were fit to be begs, 'the realm has ceased to exist (trtrikaf), but the
into slaves' II E 7, 1E 7 (with b01t1: in error traditionel law does not cease to exist' Kay. If
for ktltt:); a.o.0.: vtrr ff. kul savl: 'the words 25 (kali:r, ka1ma:k); about 30 0.0.: K B a j u n
of a slave' I r k B 54; bitge:qi: isi:z yav1:z k u l k n l m a z u n ~sizigsiz k u r u g 'may the world
i biti:dim 'I, the scribe, the wretched, worth- not remain empty without you' 108; (all that
!
 RION.
is horn dies) k a l l r belgii s o z 'his words ~vliilethe 'l'urks say k ~ l d l :KO$. 1I 25 ( k ~ l u : r ,
rcrnain as a sign of him' 180; o l a r d ~ nk a l u k8lmn:k); over 40 0.0.; so~netiniesby itself.
k e l d i e g g 0 t o r 0 'pood traditional laws have e-g. og m u n d a g k ~ 'actl in precisely this way'
remained from them and come to us' 269; I 36, 20; somctinies with an Ohject, e.g.
3702-3 ( 1 a x - ) : many 0.0.: xrrr(?) At. ecigiiliikiip, ... k11 'do pond' 1 44, 2 ; arirl
a j u n d a a t t k a l s u 'may his name remain in sonirtimcs to form C o ~ n p o u n d\'.s, c . ~ t. e r k
thi* \vorldS 70; a.n.0.; Trf, k a l - 'to remain' k11 nsri' 'hurry' 1 350, 0 : K I I k l l - is very
196: X I V 11fr1h.hnqijn rca ~o.uollofa ('to stay conimon in the sanre usages as in K n j . : xlr(?)
behind') ka:l- 11fcl. 24, I ; Rif. 105; 01-boqci' KIIVI'(evcnthinp came into existence as 1 f e
k a l m a k 34, 6 ; 110: G a g . s v ff. k a l - mdnd.7n wished) k i m i k l m t l l e s e k l l u r 01 u l u g
'to rcnin~n' Sort. 2 7 4 ~ .21 ( q u ~ t n s . ) :X w a r . 'whntcvcr I l c \vishcs that (;reat One clues' 6:
X I I I ditto 'Ali 20: srrr(?)(xvlien 0 g u z Xan saw x~rr(?K ) B P I ' rienl kin1 tiletli e r s e k t l d t
her) us1 k a l m a d : k e t t i 'he lost his senses' 6 3 ; 3-4; At. k l l - is very common, esp. in forming
0.0. 2 j 4 etc.: X I V k a l - 'to remain' Quth 129; Conlpound V.s with 1.-w.s; Tcf. ditto 208:
MN 37, etc.: K o m . xrv k a l - 'to remain; to xrv A4rth. 'nmila ktl- Mrl. 8, 5-6; Rif. 80;
stay behind; to come to an end' C C I , C C G ; 01-fo'l 'to do' k i l m a k 8, 6 ; 80; fn'ala kll-
Gr. 191 (quotn.): KIP. s r r r hoqiya mira'l-hoqd' 30, I ; 113; a.o.0.: (he. X V ff. k l l - ( - g ~ c~~, c . )
rcn tn'xir k a l - ('with hack -I-'; spelt kol-) IZou. ryle- Vrl. 332; krl- knrfialz 'to make, do' Son.
38, 6 : xrv k a l - Rohara ('to remain, stay') ncn 2 9 7 ~ .27 (quotns.): X w a r . xrrr krl- 'to do'
hnqiyn fd. 74; hoqiya k a l - l311l. 36r.: xv k a l - 'Ali 12: X I I I ( ? ditto,
) and to form Compound
hnqij.n nsa ta'a.u.~nrnKau. l o , 5 ; bnqiya k a l - V.s 02. passim (kt- docs not occur): X I V ditto
TII~I. Rh. 3 ; o'rirrm ('to continue'), bapij.a, Qlrtb 147, MN 5, etc.: K o m . xrv k ~ l -'to d o ;
irrqn~o'n ('to come to an end'), ta'ax.uora k a l - to make (something Arc.)'; and to form Com-
do. I3a. 7: O s m . xrv to xvr k a l - , in addition pound V.s C C G ; Gr. 206 (quotns.): O s m .
tr) its ordinary meanings, is noted as meaning xrv ff. k ~ l -'to [lo, o r makc (something Acr.)'
'to he attached tn (srrmcthinp Dnt.)' in several and in Cnnipotrncl V.s; fairly common 7'TS
tcxts T7'S 1 4 0 7 ; 11 568; I11 399; I V 457. 1 4 5 7 ; 11625; I11 445; 11," 509.
ktl- 'to d o (somrthinp); to make (someone kol- 'to ask for (somcthinp Acc.)'; there are
something)' and the like; very often used, like pnssihle traces of an alternative fomi kolt-,,see
P:t-, q.v., to fnrnm Compound V.s with N.s, kolau:qr:, Irut proh. only as a Sec. f. S u r v ~ v c s
esp., in the later period, I.-w.s. C.i.a.p.a.1. only(?) in N W I<ar. I,., 'l'. H 11584. T i i r k i i
T u r k u V I I : q ~ g a i ih o d u n l g b a y k l l t t m 'I v ~ r rff. (a man met a god and) k u t ko1mi:q
made the poor people rich' I S 10, I1 N 7 ; 'asked for his favour' IrkD 47; N a n . s u y u -
II E 7 ( k u l ) ; a.o.o. (this is the only usage in m u z n l y a z u k u m u z n t b o g u n u k o l m a k
these texts): vrrr ff. RIan. b a g k ~ l t t m l ze r s e r k e r g e k e r t i 'it was necessary to pray to he
'if we have woundcd' Cht~ns. 53; k ~ l t n ~ i nfreed frorn o u r sins (IIend.)' Clruns. 263-5;
k ~ l uu m a z b i z 'we cannot d o what they (the a.o. do. 288 (a similar phr. in 279-80 has
Ilmrers) do' 322; a.o.0.: U y g . vrrr y o k k ~ l - o t i i n m e k for k o l m a k ) ; k r m q u x n k o l t l 'he
m a d l m 'I did not exterminate' (the common asked for pardon (Sogdian 1.-w.)' T T I1 8,
people) Srr. E z ; a.o.o.: vrrr ff. Rlan. (the wind) 36; a.0. iCf III 22, 3-5 (ii) (Btiglig): U y g .
k e q g u l u k y a r a g l e d g u y l d l l g y ~ p a r l t gk l l u r v r ~ rff. Man.-/\ t e g z i n t i b u y k o l t ~'lie walked
'makes (a11 places and waters) fit to cross and ahout asking for alms' M 1 3 2 , 12: Rlan. k u t
fracrat~t(Hcnd.)' TVind. 29-30: Bud. k11- is k o l u r b i z T T I11 172-3; hf I1 10, 4 ; k l v
very common 111 two usages, ( I ) e.g. a y ~ g k o l u r b i z same meaning do. 10, 6: Dud. a d r n
k l l ~ n qk ~ l u r'thcy perform evil deeds' PP a g l l l k k o l t ~'he asked for another (gift of)
2, I ; iigi ogi k a z g a n q k i l m a k a y u b b r d i l e r treasure' PP 7, 4 ; k u t k o l t l do. 51, z ; 0.0.
'they suggested various ways of making profits' do. 48, 4 ; 64. 5 ; U I 3'1. 4 etc.; X a k . xr 01
do. 13. 1-2: (2) e.g. (then King Brahmadatta) m e n d i n ne:n k o l d ~ : he asked me (m'nlo
...
h n d r n k ~ z ~ f i iistiinki y e g k u n c u y k11t1 nrintri) for the thinn' Kns. 11 25 (kolu:r,
'rnade the maidcn 1lhadr.i . . . his chief wife' ko11na:k); o.o. I 224 (iimliig); 274, 17: K D
IJ 11153, 4 tf. : Cix-. ksl- is very common, e.g. bold1 k o l m t g k a m u g 'all that He wished
b u y a n krl 'do vtrtuous deeds' TT V I I 28, 2 ; came into existence' 4 ; s k n i k o l d ~r a b b d ~ n
n e g u 1s k ~ l a y i n'what shall I do?' do. 3 ; a d l n k o l m a d ~'he asked God for you ~ n d
$urn1 k i l t p 'reducing (various ingredients) to nothing else' 38; tiigek k o l d l yattr 'he called
powder' H 1 4 . 8 gtc.; s o v u k k111p 'chilling' for his bed and lay down' 5673, 6212; 0.0. 39
do. 135: 0. K r r . rr ff. K i i l u g T o t o k 4 s i m (emgek),43z(erej), 4421 (al~q),etc.:xrrr(?) At.
kigi: k l l d ~ :'my elder brother Kulug T o t o k (if he is given two armfuls (see ko:l) of money)
hrought me up' (lit. 'made me a man') Mal. iig k o l k o l u r 'he asks for three' 3 I 2 ; Tef. k o l -
6, 2: S a k . xr c r I:? ktldl: binih'l-racrrl 'the 'to ask for' 212; xrv A@. ditto R 11 585
man did something'; and one says e r k ~ : z ~ g (quotns.): G a g . xv ff. kol- ( - m a k ) dile- 'to ask
k ~ l d l :'the man copulated (rzma'a) with the for (permission, o r a girl in marriage)' VeI. 342
girl'; this is an allusive phrase ( k i n a n ) for (quotns.); k o l - xcuZstan rcn fnlab knrdnn 'to
copulation, and the Okuz therefore avoid the ask for, request'; the narrower meaning given
use of this word, and substitute b:tti: lit. 'to by the Rrimi author (i.e. Vrl.) is erroneous; it
put in order' (nplnllo) for kildl: in the sense means 'to ask for' other things as well Son.
of 'nrnilo'l-toy'; for example, they say er 288v. 23 (quotns.): X w a r . s ~ ditto v Nahc.
yukiinq 4:tti: 'the man prayed' (n~laho'l-~alrit) 11, 4; 321, 12; 385, 12: K o m . xrv ditto CCI,
CCG; Gr.: KIP. xv ~nllA'to pray' kol- . . .; .
[kolu . .] 'in the ninth hour of the night,
the word means both 'to pray' (al-$allit) and when 144 [periods of ten seconds have
'to ask for'(o1-d1d.n) Kou. 78, 5; 0.0. do. 10, $; elapsed?]' do. 9, 32-4.
12, 13 (everywhere vocalized krb, apparently
owing to confusion with the syn. phr. n a m S z Dls. V. CLA-
?I3 ka:la:- 'to heap up' and tlle I~ke;survives
with the same meaning only(?) in S C Uzb.;
(D) kall: the normal word for 'if' in Xak., uscd the other verbs of this form collected in R II
with the Conditional mood; occasionally means 226 are 1:w.s fr. Mong. kalaga- 'to burn'
'how?'; pcrhaps a latcr f o ~ m of kaltl, q.v.; not (Kow. 787) Prima facie a Den. V. hut notcon-
traceable earlier than Xak., in which it is very nected semantically with 1 or 2 ka: and hardly
common, or later than Mirh. It has no con- to be derived fr. ka:-. Xak. XI ka:la:dr: is
nection with kal-, or kall:sl:z, q.v., but per- a more correct (offah) form of ka:dr: Kay. J I I
haps has some primeval etymological connec- 249 (ka:-); n.m.e. : Gag. xv ff. kala- (-dl) biri
tion with ka:iiu: and kaqan, q.v. Xak. XI biri iizmine JW& 'to heap on one another' Vel.
k a l ~ :a Particle (barf) meaning kalfa 'how?', 323 (quotn.); kala- (spelt) bar snr ham ido on
low 'if', and id5 'when, if'; (in a verse) kelse: 'to heap on' Son. 275r I I (quotns.).
kalr: katlgltk 'if (ida) hardships and mis- ka11:- originally 'to rise in the air', hence 'to
fortunes come to you'; and one says bu: s e n jump', and the like. Survives only(?) in NE
bu: 1:qrg kall: k r l d q 'how (koyfn) did you several languages kalr- R I1 239; Tuv. xalr-
do this?' (the first bu: seems superfluous); and 'to jump', and SW Tkm. gal-. Tiirkti V I I I ff.
one says s e n kall: barsa:sen 'if (law) you go' (a man's horse tired; he met a swan, and
Kay. I11 233; about a dozen 0.0. with the mounted its wings and) anr:n kalr:yu: ban:-
Conditional meaning 'if' and usually trans- p a n 'so rose in the air and went off' I r k B 35;
lated i d d : KB kalt with the Conditional (the falcon . . .) ka11:yu: bar mi:^ do. 44: Uyg.
meaning 'if' is common, 175. 213, 240. 295, v r t ~ff. I3ud. Jfuert-ts. 1878-9 (kalagur-):
494,75o(l:d-), 783. etc.-kal~ sevmeyln k 6 r Xak. X I a t kall:d~:wn!aba'l-furas wa comaha
b u edgii klyig 'how could 1 fail to love this 'the horse bucked and ran away' Kay. 111272
good man ?' 933; ka11 k a n p k a k i r m e 'do (kalcr, ka11:ma:k): K B kayada k a l t g l ~bu
not go into questions of "how ?"or "whither?" ' r m g a teke 'the wild goats (Hend.) jumping
27: x l ~ r ( ? )At. kalr, with Conditional, 'if' on the rocks' 5373 (thus the Vienna MS., prob.
occurs six times: x ~ vMtrh. Iinrf law yanrjb correctly, the other hlSS. have yorrglr which
'nnhu 'the place of the Particle "if" is taken by' occurs in the same position in the two pre-
kaI1: Mel. 16, 6 ; Rif. 93 (but the example is ceding lines but is inappropriate here).
corrupt and contains the Conditional without
kalr:).
D ~ S .CLB
kula: a word for the colour of a horse's coat; kalva: 'a blunt hunting arrow', used to kill
s.i,a.m.l.g., usually meaning 'dun with a black small game without injuring the skin; n.0.a.b.
mane and tail'. L.-\v. in Mong., Pe., etc. Xak. XI kalva: al-cummd!~ rcahwa'l-sohmu'l-
Doerfrr 111 1524. Uyg. XIV Chin.-Uyg. Dict. ladi Id nos1 'nlayhi roo nafluhu min xayab
htrnn,q mn 'a yellow (or earth-coloured) horse' mtrdntcu'ar 'a blunt arrow, that is one without
(Giles 5,124 7,576) kula a t R I1 967; Ligeti a (metal) head; its point is of rounded wood'
169: Xak. xr kula: a t al-farosrr'l-xalrjqi~~t~'1- K q . 1 4 2 6 ; a.o. I 528, 1 0 (3 t e ~ ) .
-1nron 'a dun honc' Kay. 111 233: KIP. X I I I
(among horses' colours) nl-n;rfaru'l-mi'fnm PUD kolblq an anatomical term, n.0.a.h..
bi'l-saecddi'l-mox~ti!i'l-kafnl 'with yellow legs associated with b6:l 'waist'; Arat translntes it
and hlack stripes on the back'(?) kula: IIou. 'armpit' which is plausible. If so, it is prob.
13, 5 : ( x ~ vVIJ a/-nnita akula: (sic) k a z Btrl. a misreading of k o l t ~ k q.v.
, U y R vrrr ff. Civ.
12, 4 proh. contains the same word; Zaj. is no belin k o l b ~ q ~barqa
n a g r l t u r 'it makes the
doubt right in regarding the a - as intrusive; waist and armpits(?) thoroughly painful' TT
01-nnisa means 'magpie', but k a z 'goose' V I I 24, 23 (text fragmentary); (it makes his
implies a larger bird and he is pro!. right in head and eyes ache; it makes his arms and
readinp al-unisa (or imaysa?) flamingo', thighs swell) yiirekllen bblin kolbrqm a k n -
thoufih the colour hardly fits). t u r 'it makes his heart, waist and armpits
VU kolu: a period of time; in the astronomical painful' do. 25, 3.
texts specifically 'a period of ten seconds', see kalbuz Hap. leg., but see kalbuz1a:-. Xak.
T T V I I , p. 61, note 8, 3, hut in the pht. O d XI kalbuz al-luqma 'lymp, gobbet'; one says
kolu as indefinite as English 'moment' or kalbuz1a:dr: ne:gni: he cut the thing into
'times and seasons', though no doubt much lumps' (iltaqnmn) Kay. I 458.
less than a da". Pec. to Uyk. and perhaps a
I.-w.; see ko1ula:-. Uyg. V I I I ff. Man.-A M I Tris. CLB
26, 20-1 (ii:d): Bud. Pfahl. 6, I etc. (od): Civ.
ikl ytiz altr yegirml kolu ertmigte 'when F kula:wuz 'a guide'; no doubt a I.-w.
216 periods of ten seconds (i.e. 36 minutes) Doerfer I11 rsoq points out that the word is
have elapped' TT VII 8, 3; (on the chi O x first noted in ibn Fodlan (A.D. 923) 1n connec-
day) tiinle tokuqunv ligte yiiz t k t eI(1)lg tion w. Jurjan and plausibly suggests that it
 was borrowed fr. (Iranian) Khwarazmian. kulaq 'an cxpressiori for thc distance hetween
I,.-w. in Pe. and other languages. Survivcs the finger tips \\-hen thc artiis arc outstretched'
only(?) in S\V Osm. kulavuz/kulaguz, now . (q~rotn.):Xwar. xlrl(?) 02.364
Sntr. 2 8 9 ~ 19
spelt ktlanrz. Xnk. X I kula:buz ul-dnlil (tiktiir-): Ktp, xrrr nl-hfi' kula:q Ifori. 20, 18:
'a guide'; the -h- was changed from -w-; xrv ditto Brtl. 9, r I ; kulaq ('with -q') ol-be',
prov. kalln ka:z kula:wuzsu:z (sic) bolma:s and in the Kirah I3~ylikkuln: Id. 73: xv hd'
translated 'a flock of clucks (should he 'geese') kulag (ric) Trrlr. 72. (I.
docs not fly esccpt n,ith a icacler' I&$.I 487:
K R (,of the stars in the sk)-) . . . b l r anqa kula- D k o l ~ a kConc. N. fr, ko:l; survivt.~in SW
vuz some are guides' .. . h i r nnqa kulavuz !\a. golqag, Ostn. kolqak 'muff; gnuntlct,
glove', and thc like. In UyR. it Ionkr rnorc like
bolur yitse yo1 'sonw l,rcorne guides if n
man loccs his WAY' 128-9: s ~ ~llrrh.(?) v nl-dolil a Dim. f., hut -qak is not noted in this mean-
ku:la:wuz Itif. I jg (only): Gag. xv ff. kola- ing. L.-w. in Pe. in <a& meaning, Ilorrjer 111
wuz/kulawuz (spelt; 'both with -0- and with r g r r . Uyg. vrrrff. Dud. (the child) iki
-u-') (I) dalil wa bnlnd rt-o rrihrtrrmd 'guide, ko:l~qakln (sic) atnsl b o y [ u n ~ n ] koqup
escort' (quotn.); (2) 'the rmergence (birtin 'clasping his father's ncck with his two little
dmadan) of the point of the grain from the arms(?)' U J I I 64, 13-14: C a g . xv ff. kolqak
husk' San. 289~.28 (kula\vrizluk follows): 'a piece of armour (ril+i) made of steel and
Klp. xrrr dalilir'l-/nriq 'a gi~ideon a journey' fastened to the forearm (sd'id) in battle' San.
ku1n:gu:z Ilou. 25, 6 ; dnllo 'crld'l-tariq kula:- 29or. 10.
gu:zla:- (sic, with kGj); al-ddil fi'l-tariq T r i s . V. ~ L C -
dnlln h.
kula: u:z (sic) do. 40, 7: (xrv ku1a:wuzla-
74): O s m . kulavua/kulaguz '$uide';
c.i.a.p. in both spellinp T T S I1 662; 111484;
1) kr1rqla:- I>cn. V. fr. k r l ~ 'to ~ ;kill with the
sword'. S.i.s.m.1. Tiirku (he lnncrd six men;
I V 550. his lance broke) ~ 6 t ehr i g~ krllq1a:dl: 'he
T r i s . V. CLn- killed the scvrnth with n swt,rd' I N 5: Xak.
S I 01 ant: k l l ~ q l n : d ~'he
: stnrck hi111 with a
I ) ka1buzla:- J k n . V. fr. kelbuz; ti.o.;~.h. sn~ortl'(sriJNfrrr hi'l-m?f) Kn,v. III 331 (ktltq-
Xak. sr 01 ka1buzln:rlr: ne:gni: 'he cut the l a x , kr1tqla:ma:k): O s m . xv-xv~ k l l ~ q l a -
thing into lumps' (iltnqn~)trr) Kaf. III 350 occurs ill scveral tcuts T T S III 444; I V 508
(kalbuzlo:r, kalbuz1a:mn:k); a.o. I 458 and the Recip. f. it1 SVI to svrn.
(kalbuz).
1) ku1aqla:- Drn. V. fr. kulaq; survives in
Dis. ~ L C - S W Az., l'k111, gu1aqla:-; Osm. kulaqla- 'to
klltq 'sword'. S.i.a.rn.1.g. I,.-w. in PC. etc., measure in fathoms, to walk fast waving thc
1)oerfpr 111 1510. I'iirkii v r r ~ f f . altu:n arms'. Xak. xr 01 uruknl: ku1aqla:dt: 'he
kuru:gsakrni~:n Ir11rqr:n kesi:pcn 'cutting
my golden bclly with a sn-ord' IrltB 8 ; a.o.
measured the rope (etc.) in fathoms' (ahd'a . .
hi-ba'ilii) I<~J.
I11 330 (kolaqla:r, kulnq1a:-
.
Miran B r. 10-11 (ETY I1 66): Uyg. vrrr ff. ma:k): K B kayu y6r kularlayu yUgrUr
Bud. S U ~ J Uk111q 'lance and sword' I'T V 10, yacjag 'some run on foot striding ovcr the
92; 0.0. U I1 78, 30-1 ( b ~ q - ) ;T T I Y 356, 537; ground' 1734
K~ron.27: Civ. T7' I 162-3 (uz-): Xak. XI
killq nl-soy/ 'sn-ord' Koj. I 3 5 9 (prov.; verse); 1) ktltqlan- IIap. leg.; Ilefl. f. of krltq1a:-.
over 20 0.0.: KB krllq n1d1 'he took a sword' Xnk. s t e r krllqlandt: 'the man owned a
268; 0.0. 222, 286 (blq-), 2139-41, etc.: XIII(?) sword' Kng. I1 267 ( k ~ l ~ q l a n u : rklltqlan-
,
Trf. ktllq 'sivord' 208: srv Alrrfr. nl-sayf k111:q ma:k).
Ah21.8, 14; 71, 4; Rif. 81, 173; a.o.0.: X w a r , D ~ S .CLD
xrrt(?) dilto 02. ZS etc.: X I V ditto Qutb 147,
JfN 77, etc.; k l l l n ~(sic?) Qlrtb 148: Kom. (D) kalt1: norn~ally'how?' or '(just) as'; lcss
SIV 'sn-ord' ktllq CCI, C C G ; Gr.: KI often, with Conditional mood, 'when' or
nl-snyj k t l t : ~Ilorr. 13, 14: srv ditto l%
x\, ditto k-nv. 31, 6; 63, 19; Trrh. ~ g b .10:
7;;occasionally 'if'. Not noted later than Uye.,
and apparently an earlier furm of kall:, q.v.
O s m . xrv ff. kllrq not& in various phr. T T S It has no connection with kal- but perhaps
1 4 5 6 ; I1 625; 111444; I V 508. has some primeval etymological connection
with ka:fiu:, q.v. T i i r k u vrrr ff. kaltl: y i i r i i : ~
kulaq 'fathom', t l ~ c distance behveen the t a y g a l s a r 'if a man takes a white stone'
fincer-tipsof twooutstretched arms. S.i.a.m.l.g. Tojok 14-1 j ( E T Y II $3); kaltl: e r k l i g 'how
as kulaq with minor phonetic changes in the powerful?' Toy. III zv. 11-12; kaltl: u y c n
-q. Both semantically nnd phonetically K a ~ . ' s 'how shall I he al~leto Eet on?' IrkB 45:
suegestion of a connection with ko:l is im- Man. (we know) yarukll k a r a l l kaltl katrl-
possible. I,.-\\,. in l'e. etc.. Doerfer I11 1502. m I $ 'how light and darkness were mixed'
S a k . xr k u l a r nl-bii' 'fathom'; its origin is Chnas. 166-7; a.o. 170-1; kn[ltl] etnz kodriar
kol a:$ (sic) 'open out the arms'; one says bl:r b i z 'when we lay aside our (human) bodies'
kulaq barqrn 'a fathom of brocade' Kaj. I T T II 6, 3: Uyg. vrrr f f Man.-A Inqa kaltt
358: K B (where is that man who seized other s u v I laaq kapagln y e r d e aqa beriirce 'just
people's land?) kulnc y8r nlmdt y a t u r lnqt- as water opens a door in the ground for bushes
kin 'he has got himself (only one) fathom's and trees' n.I I 13, 7-9; kaltr . . . yarnturqn
length of land and lies groaning' 6439: xrv Mtrfi.
al-hd' ku:la:q Mel. 47, 9 ; Rif. 141 : Gag. xv ff.
'as a man tnakes' . . . (kaltl . . . iirtliriirqe .
kaltl ..
. eriirqe) enqulayu m a 'so also' do.
..
 DIS. GLD- 419

14, 8-13; a.0. M 111 12. 6 (iii) ('when'; rade' Sun. zqor. 11 (quotn.): O s m . x ~ vand
konuk): hlan. rn$a kaltl . .. y c m e 'just as
. . . so' TVr'nd. 30-47: Dud. Sanskrit yathri 'as'
xv ditto in several texts T T S 1478; I V 553.

kalt~ ... ya T T VIII A.3; kaltr p u r a n l Dis. ~ L D -

ulatl a z a g no.mluglar snzleyurler 'as the D kalat- (ka:lat-) taus, f , of ka:la:-;
teachers of false doctrines, the Purinas, etc. ,iVe, in sc u z b . kalat-. x a k . ol to:nug
say' U 11 8, 13-14; I ~ W kaltfi 'for example' knlattl: tal[afa'[-rowh 'he had the garment
(in a list of sins) 1"Z'IV 6, 26-7; 0.0. of kaltl
. . . t e g IIiipn-ts. 324; T T VI 336; an'PlaYU wrzpped u p + ;also used of anything you have
put in a wrapper or wardrobe ([qfifa aw
kaltr USp. 89, 1 1 ; 106, 32-3-kaltr altl kiin liwcn); ka:lattl: Ka$. 310 (kala-
e r t l p b a r d l 'when six days had elapsed' PP tu:r, kalatma:k): ~ ~ xv gfi, kalat- . taus.
20, 1-2; k a l t ~taluy W i z k e teglp 'when he
reached the sea-(shore)' do. 31, 3; kaltl . . . f, ; order someone to heap sari, 27SL 25
e r s e r 'when . . . is' do. 38, 5-7: CIV.a n ~ u l a y u D kallt- Caus. f. of ka11:-; s.i.s.m.l. in NE.
b o l u r kaltl ... t e g TT I 51-2. (Turkii vrrr this word has been incorrectly
read in T 25, see ugraklat-): Uyg. v ~ r ff. t
D kaltuk (kaltOk); prob. abbreviated Pass. Bud. ( t w the king of the dragons) k a l ~ t ( t ) ~
Dev. N./A. fr. kallt- in the sense of something blt(t)i raised him in the air and him#
lifted up. L.-w. in Pe., etc. in the Gak. meaning, pp 52, : Xak. x~ bu: e r 01 atrn telim kalrt-
Doerfer 111 150% Xak. X I kaltuk 'the horn ga:n 'this man constantly rnakes his hone
(qarn) of a wild ox' which is hollowed out buck~(guwaflib),yo$. I 5rS;n,m.e,
(yu!qah), and broth (01-xrimiz) is drunk from
it Kay. I 475: Gag. xv ff. kaltak (spelt) D kulad- Hap. leg.; Intrans. Den. V. fr. kul.
'a icatherattirchrnent to the tree (hand) of T u r k i i vrrr kiigedmig k u l a d m q b o d u n ~ g
a saddle, the saddle-tree itself' Sntt. 275r 21. the people who had become female and male
slaves' I 15 I 3.
I> k ~ l t l kI k n . N. fr. ktl. Survivcs in S C Uxb.
kiltik; N\Y I<k., Nok. k1lg1k; S W A ~gllqlg; . D k a l t u r - Caus. f. of kal-; 'to leave hchind,
Osm, k11~1k; 'lSkrn,gllylk mearlirlg heard to leave last', and the like. S.i.a.m.1.g. In
on a grain of wheat, rice, rtc.; a small fishbone; SW Az., ; Osm. kaldlr-* and
short, coarse lIairv,and the like. Cf. klldruk. k a l d u r - in the medieval l a n ~ a g e amentioned
L.-,,,. in PC., ctc. fipzfer 111 Isol). Xak. x~ below mean 'to raise, lift', 2nd thelike and are
klltlk (unvncalized) ibriynf,,~l-ra~r haziza- a different word; in Tkm.it is the Caus. f. of
frrhu 'scurf (Hend.) on the ]lend' I(a8. 1 475: gal- (kall:-)~ kal- and kaltur- being Pro-
F a g . xv ff. klltlk/kllqlk (both s ~ & )(I) m* nounced b:l- and ga:ldlr- ; in other cases it
hair%;(z)*ar-i mrihi ra fish bones; (3) xcrhd-; is commonly regarded as a crasis of *kalktur-,
sirtiz 'the sharp spikes on grains of rice or Caus. f. of kalk-, in some languages ka1kt-9
barley', in Pe. ddsn San. 29%. 16. which is a corruption of * k a l ~ k - ,Emphatic f.
of ka11:-. Uyg. VIII ff.(I will return the vine-
I> k o l t u k n e n . N. fr. ko:l; 'armpit'. The yard) negtike k a l t l r m a y l n 'n-ithout retaining
spelling k ~ l t ~in k Uyg. and Kaf. (but with it on any pretext' USp. 6, 5 : Xak. xr 01
I)en. V. k01tukla:-) may he the original form. barrgda: (MS. vartlda:) k a l t u r d ~ : sahaqahu
S.i.s.m.l. ; I.-w. in Pe., ctc. I ) ~ ~ r f eIrf I 1575. fi'l-dahdh wa tarakahrt xalfa(n) 'he out?aced
Uyg. vrrr ff. Civ. k i m n i g koltlkl ylcjrg bol- him on the journey and left him behind ; also
s a r 'if n man's armpits become malodorous' used if one has a bet with him (xd~arahu)about
II I 28: Xnlc. xr koltrk (sic) al-ibit 'armpit' something and leaves him behind (baqqd)
KG$. 1 475: xr~r(?)Tef. koltuk ditto 212: Kaf. ZI I O I ( k a l t u r u r , ka1turma:k): xlv
F a g . xv ff. koltug/koltuk zir-i bafal ditto Muh. amaru bi'l-kawn 'to order to be (?stay)'
Son. 29or. 8: K o m . xrv dittn koltuk CCG; ka:ldur- Mel. 41, 4; Rif. 13o(mis-spelt kawl);
Gr.: Ktp. X I I I a/-ibif koltuk Hou. 20, 10: XIV ka:ltur- 131 (only); (raja'a to lift, raise'
ditto i d . 74: xv ditto Kav. 61, 5 ; Tzrlt. qb. 2. k a l d u r - 26, 11; 109: Xwar. X I I I kaldur-
ditto 'Ali 56: Klp. xv rafa'a'l-lay' kaldrr-
D k l l d r u k Hap. leg.; Dis., but completely Kao. 76, I : O s m . XVIII kaldur- in Rtimi,
unvocalized; abbreviated Conc. N. in - d u r u k crasis of k a l k d u r - (in 275r 27 kalk- is said
fr. k ~ l .Cf. klltlk. Xak. XI l u l d r u k saffi'l-burr ;o be the Rtimi f. of k a l h - ) nz cd bordd~tan
'the beard on wheat' (etc.) Kag. IIZ 417. to lift or remove from somewhere' Son.
D knldaq N. of Assn. fr. ko:l; 'comrade', lit. 275V' 13)'
onewithwhoni onelinksarms. S.i.s.m.l. L.-w. D k l l t u r - Caus. f. of kxl-; 'to cause to make,
in Pe., Doerfer I11 1507. Xak. XI koldag do', etc.; s.i.s.m.l., usually as klldtr-. Uyg.
'a comrade' (01-qarin); the urord is used only vIIr ff. Bud. (if I have done (krltlm) these evll
between servants of notahles Kaj. I 461 ; a.0. deeds myself or) a d l n a g u k a ayrp k l l t u r t u m
111I I , 3 : K B bill$slz killn$i yavuz koldag e r s e r 'spoken to others and made them
01 'his (own) actions are had comrades for an do them' Sua. 134, 22 ff.: Civ. igke kiiqk4
ignorant man' 321; 0.0. 1697-8 (adag) 2276: tartmag11 k t l t u m y a r l r k a d ~ r n i z'we have
XIII(?)T P ~koldag
. 'comrade, friend' 212: xlv ordered that they shall not be recruited for
Rbg. ditto R 11600 (quotns.): Gag. xr koIdag forced Inbour' USp. 88, 22-3: Xak. XI 01
ycr c.eyo!day we dastgir 'friend, fellow traveller, aDar 1:g k ~ l t u r d l :'he made him do (a'malahuJ
comrade' Vel. 344 (quotns.); hamdast 'corn- the work' Kaf. II 191 (kllturur, k11tunna:k):
 620 D J S . GLD-
Gag. x~: 5. k t f d u r - kulid2;in'an 'to ordc- to
do' San. 2 9 8 ~ .8 (cjuotn.): X w a r . XI\-din0
Q u t h 14;.
h:-oa-'(and pours down rain) So; 0.0.
i378: etc.: XIII(?)At. k a l l k k u g l a r ~
nf :Fie air' 459: X w a r . XI~I!?)(the x7.-a!js =hi
.th:y;z
hi.;>se ~ i . e i : : p l d , the sclokc ho!e silver) r;?l&-
f)koltur-Czus. f.ofkoI-;n.o.z.b. X a k . s ~
01 mendin ne:D ko!turdl: 'he ordered some-
l a r terniirdin erdiler ...a$ k a l l k
v.-indoxvs (or halconiesij %\--re of iron' .
cpnc to ask me ($a:?6 sn'u:n niinni) fo; ihe thing' ( s a y here and) 'open the \vin<icis.(or baicon>):
SQ~ II. 191 ( k o l t u r u r , k o 1 t u r m a : k ) : xrv 02. zjo-4.
R@. Sa'qGbnq I.:~zmk o l d u r a ki5i y i b e r d i
'he scnt a man t c ask for ji?coh's dvaghrrr in 3 k ~ b Dev.
k N. fi. krl-; 'cnndiict, FL;:., -:!.
m-:-rizcr' I! 632 7
, 7 , . 1 .
.;: 7 1 ---;;:- . .-
. .
. . .
. . ', . .. - .. .,
T ~~~. < ..
.~ r.~ , . ea:~d) k r l i h s,~?.
: L; - - .!... i -
-

L.>-%. - < ~ I LE
il + 7
i.2- 1.~::
;-:,c :.:s. .
f><:
.
.+.:::,>r. f ~ : Dis. 1 - . 5 ; zip-
IT-: 2 ill o i n ~ j i t : z;i;t_e\2r
:,:>%-

1,a;en:ly a Den. \'. fr. *ka!dur. v:h!ch i: . *

c r ~ r ~ c t are r r not con::rl~~c-isl~- s t ~ b l c ' sLT-
pieniimahl~an onc:;~atc~piieic;ci. k a l d u r g a : . i o + . 3-4: Cir. k l l l k ~ya$ 'hrs charseer is
Xak. X I tom ka1dra:dl: 'the Earnlent (etc.)
%iid(?)' TT i711 1 7 , 22; a.0. do. 6 (6!tjg-),
ruztied' (ttzqn'qa'a) K a ~ . 111 44; jkaldra:r, X s k . XI k11lk cl-sira ?nu'!-'jra m a ' a ' f - n ~
I-:aldra:ma:k). 'hihdi.i?ur, pt'rhoiial relationship'; also pm
4 Tris. GLD r~..gr>crd Ixlk K q . 1383; a.0. I1 229 (,t&:rriil-!:
KE; 'iilincr ::'lik t r d j F-rIk~t i i z - e 'SjF ;,-,,,.,
.~<..\ -.;: ~z . *-.-,.: ,: ,-'::.:: . .
- , - 2 . - , , < :..- t
.1 , . ! , j
? -
3 7 - 1 . : . . :.
-.
.: ,:,3;,b,Gr !;,;7->2 g : j j < e $-;'-!ST ,*.:,.- h.
*. 1
q.
-A'.

~ ?
-
?;?j-<a
.g 8 ii::~= . L
7

L:ir!k ht,.;k.z!ik ';,-;it !.,

a i!i~;ii~icr I T L ~ Ti i , ~ > 2 e i ~ i nb>- i d e!l, tht ':..:$: of
~ i ~:;a;a:tcr
] ? I - ~ , ~ T C is hij~:ii!:t>-'2 6 ~ - , , >:<Tvf. :
zcii. 1::?%41u'grc!\.e; ialernn' zoS): xi\- .-:!,,i:.
.-,.;t!~~<! zrs fd!' ' c h a ~ d ~ i v n r ,z l ~ r e 'kr:l1:2 .q,f~!.
TI-is. v. C ~ + D -
: I , 14 (Rif. I jo k~lznq): Gab. xv fT. k~!jkfi-,!
J> kc1111~i.j:::-Etq. V. f l . L,csi?~:k ; 'to L : . ~ T .. .
'acticjns, fii:,a>!our' 1-cl. 332 (c]uo:!~.),;
. ; ) C ~ F , Z ~ 0.z . ~ i ~ : , ~d: d i T ' f l t 'an exprc:sjf,n ietr
Pi3lfi

~ ; ~ ? $y1 r. 2~ ;n' ;:;>d i?,:Iikz. S.i.3-i n> 1.g. ,k. i1i,r:...rmllitv o r cb.ard<ier' Son. ?+$v. 2 0
X I 01 ( I ? 113 i, 31: i:k?:i:dl: ~ : ~ ' ~ ; ! : 1 r 2 z ~ : ~ ' 'ile
l - : k ~ ~(quc,tn.):
~ ~ c z t , k w a r . srv kllrk 'conduct, character'
carried the firruood under his a n n ' ; a!so Qrltb 148: ( K o m . X I V klllkll 'having a (gctod)
used for 'to hit (son~eone)in the a m - p i t ' character' CCI, C C G ; Gr. 206 (quotn.)):
&g. I11 3 5 1 koltukla:r, koltuk1a:ma:k). K I P . xrrI nl-su!:~qk l l l k Hou. 19, 16: XI\, ditto;
one says k l l l k l eygii: diir 'his character is
D k o l d a $ l a n - H a p leg.; Refl. Den. V. fr. p o d ' , and k i l t k l y a m a n d u r 'his c11arac:er
koldag. S a k . X I o l m e n i g birlo: koldag- IS had' fd. 74: (xv xrrltcq k11g1 Tulz. Iqa. 5;
land]: 'he r e c k o n ~ dhinlrelf to he oqe of m y qob. 9): Osm. XI\' and xvr k l l l k 'character.
con~rades'(nrh(7iii)Kng. IT 272 (kolds$lanu:r, heha\-iour' in t w o Tents TTS 1 4 5 6 ; Ik' 508.
kolda~lanrna:k).
S k u l a k See k u l k a k .
Sfon. V. ~LC-
S k n l k - Scc k a l t u r - . D ki111ug P.N.,'A. fr. h u l ; n.0.a.h. T i ~ r - k i j
v r i ~01 ii<jte: k u l l;ullug (or k u l l l & ? )h(?!nll$
Dis. ~ I ~ C erti: 'at t h a t time (e\-en) i!:aves ha2 I > C - C . ~ . ; I ~
~ L I ~ , c - P ~ I~ E.I I 2c1~, sI1' E 18.
11 k.:~likTI?\. I-. fr. k ~ 1 1 : - r,or:~l..?ly
; ';hc air,
n:-..,,.rl~?re' or, r,c.r.!~:,:i,,.li!- hy i::rlf hut
t,',~:i!l!- in i h c plir. Fiik !:&Ilk, ' i k , ~(;-i-lhlc)
sky'; iri onc or C ; ~ W S ~ - . : r h ~ p 'a
< \~r!!c:iiie
<.pen 10 the ,.ky' tlr the like. N . o a.h. U y c .
\.!xi ff. nl:,n. kfl!lgiln [c;cj kogi tntitjiz '!ou
c:<.:ie do-.in froin t h y r,k?-' T T / I I 3 5 : a o. do.
( - - I @ 1 - , i c!.'). I!.,r? 1 :;k.
.7, 2.., ). i ,.' ,i' i,- lij cI ~3('!~>-.
;
7 , 5; 4 ; i I i . 4 . z; I ( , ; -1-13;
i.?c.; i.31 ?':A: tI:,;c hi. 1t7.::~*:r : ' , e q.;c:.n)
t,al!kta ; d i ~ l.;.11k<:i>.jt!p t:#j:>-!~r c-rI;cn
'\L$~ l>lr): ':,Iv:cp (871 :a hiph c8pt: I b : ~ l ~ : ~ , ! ~in> ( ? )
thc :r,,zn' (;3.1ci lind a \ t r y li3d d;( ,..I>).Cuv.
020, 1 6 -I;: (:I\,. 7'T I 23 ( a q - ) : :\I\. Chin.-
C T j f . Tli'rt. r k T J . ~ , .~<' I I I . ? :'hl!.je ,ky-' ( f 7 i ; c ~ z,IK.+
6,:,1,5) kiik L~-11k T.i,;<:i175; R !I ?;o: Y a k .
X I P::al~k(21 1 . t 1 - i < i ' 't1,e .iir, ztr:!!,~.rrl~tre' Art]$.
I 3S3; 0 . 0 . I 374, 2 ~ IT1 ; .;O, 7 : k-11 (\:qri,,:js
b i r d ? ) I::z~z1:1~tiid; 'h:!\t. r:lt,ci I ~ I Va i r ' 72;
k : t l ~ k L.?>I ti:Ctli ' I ~ C\k!. i\rir!.lcd its
h:u:l;ab: 'ear'; this seems to be the earliest Tris. CLG
fcfix, but the word seems to have e:.olved D kolBu:$l: Dev. N..4g. fr. lid-; 'beERar';
early via k u l x a k (there is n o parallel n.o.2.h.; in K B the two best XlSS. have
-x- in such a pcrsition) into k u l a k , in koitgup, and this spelling alp0 occurs k pp;
.Ahich $ ~ ; nitl s.i.a.m.1.g. T i i r k i i v111 kBzin it seems hou.e\er to be merely a Sec. f. (cf.
I;bnnt'dtik k u l k a k i n egidmeduk 'n-hat the kiilgii:); in PP it may be a n l l s t r a r ~ s e r i ~ ~ i ~ ~
c,., had not seen nor the ear heard' II h: I I ; of kolirnguqi, q.1-. C ' g g . viii R. Bud. k o l g u p
+:,. 11S 12 ( b ~ q - ) :Xlan. li6zin k 6 r i i p k u l - PP 7 , 2-3 (Bziil-); koltgucl do. lo,3-j (bar-)
kekm epidip Chuos. 312-13: U y g . ~ I I ff. I
ttc.: S a k . XI K B (:f a ruler takes pleasure in
-...: :...- - ',;lllb:.kli!-r~ 't:>rscs' F.'T 1.3; 70:
,.
--.,>x-, ::.:, . ?F ,r. :-!':;-AS r.:
~;>-
_--
~.;r-,biing. he ins the rcdiml hold: bzi kol-
-- t r - , * .'- - '. , :.iC :. , . . < , ,::~ .
7 , - .
&:-,I,..

sk.i:,dr., -<. L 2- +:,. ,<. 1.i u2, iC; 2 1

>
i i 9rggsr' 2~3'3.
; g ; , +Cg; ; i l7 2s4, 93; J"r 50,
3 ~ 731
..
,. x 3 ~ n - i s .159: Civ. ku:ba:k T I ' I.'1II I . j ;
kui&:ali TT $.'I1 34, S ; kulak do. 9-10; H I
D Bula:bilg F.T.,'A. fr. kulak
'haring cars'. S.i.s.m.1. X a k . at ku!a:i;tig
(icillirsic);

56, 176: XI\' Chin.-c,?Tg. Dict. 'ear' k u l a k ne:g 'a thing ith esrs' (udun) h'nj.1498: xrv
skE:i 169; R II 96s: X a k . XI k u l a k al- J'filh.(?)R$. 139 (only; agrr).
-.&n 'ear'; some of them say k u l x a k and
5c,::ie Iru:ba?i hut the firsr is the nlost correct
i,,;;~.?)k;u l a k to:n 'a gs7-went with short D ku1elila:- Den. V. fr. ku1.k (ki?Lkak);
- - .-...' I.:.:ru';-k:,.-.jl?i(i(i,(i.": j c , -.\ith .;i.-i.l *< : :.<.7 - 1.. , :%;:~b. th' .,..%,,,
7- .j-.;:~,:- y-:>!;..,., 3 1
., -
.,-. .
L -
! -Y i . 7.. . . ~ ~ !zb
,.~L:.
, : .I,, :!: :>?.:I: .-
L, c 2 . ,,
.
; L~l?L-.~.:<.,~l:
, l i L ; I , \;:2 :-.!: :,,,r;~s '<T>,
-. r i . . - K ; $:p ;i.i; k : , ~ h ? * 7 , T L ? t t l h - ~ ;111 ;;S (l.12; ,:.,! j:r, $ ~ i l , ~ : ? : . ? . ~ i i . + : k j .
.
. ;--:.;, ;:c t ;-;...: : i % L j :,-.:s oC $;:. 1:.?!' LSC; 0.0.
%

<*:,I. .?.?25, :{>3i ; l:cIf:a&: (>:p~,.~ yI:, :,7e:rl' D i s . 1.. Gl..L-

_.., ,
,,,.,,,:
. .- .72.;- - - - :\i!i!:). . -4;.
,1,2: .z k L a $ ~ bXU; : in.?lja 1) Lii.!l- I'ass. f. of k ~ l - ;c.i>.:i,b; ..xr>~d
,; : . : c2 7 < > :i;c' ~ ( 6Tef. ; l.;?T>>.k '(.>ir' zT(j: XJy
r~..:r~,:.lly: ! ~ d In this .':i:=t: i c :Ilr RcA. f.
.-:.*uh. 0!->&17: k'.iI~:k>fr/. ,+!, 2; Rif. 139; k ~ l ~ n -I. ' j - 3 vi11 R. T3ud. 'IT l 111 d . 1 6
~ 0 . ~ 1 C.39. xi. fT. Lx!ag 2172 rar Scn. 28yr. L ).
, ~~6-. x.c fi-. k1?11-(-ur. -%!I) ?::!;n-,
-. (.;g.,:.:s.
7 :
. :
;:lid phr.j: X\i:ir. > J \ kulak 'ear'
ycI
..
(bt.l;i.
e3.~v7;- ~,'~,1. jz ( q ! , ~ s : ~ ;,T?I?- l , ~ ; (ri>t ~ t y
<;;,:!I j43: I;c:in. h i \ - di;to (:(:I; GT.:Kip. k112~1-F ! A 7 i j ~ ? < : L ~ ~ : , T I ':o he I : ;*,Is.c?;.nc '?O?l.
~ i i l:I!-z,:'rrr: kuIa:g Ho~c. 2 0 , I ; ' d d , e y ' zv%\..3 (quu~.~?.).
i;t.>:.ka!rd) kiila:g~:aznri 'long--r,:i:cd' do. 1 2
14: XI\. k u l a k 01-u$un, in the Kitiliib ~ c : , i i d Tris. GLL
.
kula:E: Id. 74: xli a l - d u n kula:g K a o . 60, 15; D ka:11I1g Hap. leg.; presumably a P.N./A.
udu? k u l a k Tuh. qb. I ; g~rnafa'to listen'
fr. * k a l ~ :Dev. N. fr. k a l - meaning 'having
(tigle-; in margin, in second hand) k u l a k u r - a remainder' or the like; opposite to kali:srz,
do. z3a. 2: O s m . xrv ff. k u l a k , occasionally
q . ~ . Uyg. VIII ff. Rud. (Sanskrit missing)
k u l a x noted in several phr. T T S I 494; II k ~ : l l l l gY'T k-111 F.13.
663-4; 11148j-6; I V j jo-I.*
T r i s . V. ~ L L -
k a l k a n 'shii-Id'; s.i.a.m.l.g. esctlpt XE(?).
L.w. in Rlong., Pe., etc. D o e ~ j ~ 111 ~ 7 . 1j18. VLiD kolu:la:- n.0.a.b.; the contcsts and the
U y g . xrv Chin.-Usg. Dict. 'shield' k a l k a n fact t l ~ a it
t is used in I-Iend. \r. s a k i n - suggest
H 11254; I,Grti I 61 :S a k . 11B a l k a n 'shield' that it nleant something like 'to ml-ditste' or
(n!-furs) in one of the two dialects (a!-!r~@tay~z) pcrh;ps 'to irivestigate'. Ot~viouslya Den. 1 '.
Kaj. I 441 (wrse); k a l k a g a!-iiirs dialect hut u i t h no scrnaritic corli>cction uith holu:
f,.r.? :I;:;,?) of !..a!kan I11 ; % 6 ; O . O . c.f X>i7i:*n :iF~itvcor \..ith Lol-. 'Fiji-kii \.;it fT. ((me of
11 19; 111 32 ( : ; ~ j . , l i ~ - , ;2 2 1 {?Lira:):/<-I3 .
, I'
,,.:?> ..:dl ;is: r~ ~..<~i~::j~:~~t::kii:~~ : L:,ii
> -.':-; t , l ~ i > z L i ~ k:h.~i~(:)
j: T?;. L:ti>an ' s b i ~ l d ' -
;:L:.>.L::cg:a:er.! !i:?-,-,.llj:ji:z er-;iii:$ '+!,. 3 : : : ;
:u5: X I \ ,i:uh. u ? - f u r s ha1Ld:n ;tJrl. 71, 8 ; un \\hich 1 r~,,:di:.~tt.d(?)had n~ii).):it:; cxur
I<<f. 1'73: Gag. s\.ff.k:+lkan ripor '~hii-Id' trciythi:~p' Toy. III 2r. 5 - (I<T17I 1 179):
S n n . 2;jv. 27 (quotn.): S v a r . X I I I ( ? )ditto U y e . V I I I ff. Rird. k o c u r u Lc11ui.1p ri;ru
0 2 . ;S, 93: 11v <!;:to Q u f h 129: 3ici:n. ditto ulrar ' g f t ~ r r,ll.d;~2:fllgc.!I.~<.s:]~he fill]?
t;,idf-r.tarlds' Ll I1 7, 6 ; k ~ i _ l u r ub~llll.:P
(;CC;; GT.: K I P . \:.II c!-:iirs h:ilF-a:n Ilou. . . , . ,. , . .;-. . r - rrr
,- ,'i
.. 1. , ..I.'
..
. '. . '. - c. . < A
...
I T -
'.V L!-L: ']<> :.:,,.r s l ~ i c i ~l;sLlk<<:~l,
' \\ilh 79, 9 1 0 1~:i);b.t!.~nu k,~luI:i\>irL I ~ L'11 \ \ L
. . .,I,CI TI,~:c?;:::~c'
2 ., s:~:d i,,.:\..,.~,n - k - 2:id -9- ?>11tI , L . , A - V ~ to
- k - .<-,;:. (>4, I : u':~~(,q,i k:%lk:in TIJI. 1 jh. j:
t~.)lr,k (tlcl>,l a , c , 3 c jT( ~ C :::;d
it i.) I{$. ,,-!s. ;CD(~;(ihc cr,,::,:li.. l?,l.!~i!.:lO
k:iljj ii,!un I , ~ l u I : % : . ~ l-
bTiQii!iik
.
I 5 ~if1.
k.1 1 1 ? e L 'cdl-
O\m. \ivfi. L:~lh:in ilc,t\-d in phr. 7'Y1'SI
+ Z ( J ; 11 :f,S; I11 398. riot h~ h:itt\x.n ( c ~ c : ~i f ) c , : . ~ , I!-,.i!l:. 7c.s f t ~ rdie
pc.rk,d of a ?:,')pa' hrl:il:. 1 7 2 ; a<>. ,:(.). ~03-7
(t:~y:*nln:-),216; 7 7 . 1' 1 2 , J + 7 1 (-r._I~rt).
 TRIS. GLN
?ll kalgu: Hap. leg., but cf. ka1gu:la:-; 'making as if to swallow him up' U I V 8, 19;
possibly a crasis of tkalrngu: Dev. N./A. fr. Gagtan1 elig begig sanggall u r g a l ~k t l ~ n ~ p
* k a l ~ n -Refl. f. of kal- in the sense of some- 'making as if to pierce and strike King Cagtana'
thing that remains or stays by itself. Xak. XI do. 40 ff.; 0.0. TT X 359; Silv. 138, 18-19;
kalgu: al-!i~jCw 'a15 ra'si'l-md' 'floating on the 610, 7: Civ. b e g bolgall k ~ l t n d l g'you were
surface of the water.'; hence one says suvda: making as if to become a beg' T T I 36; k ~ l m -
ka1~u:la:dl: 'he floated (faf8) on the surface d u k sayu lg b u t e r 'everything which you
of the water' Kag. I11 379. do for yourself succeeds' do. 138-9; a.o. VII
30, 3: Xak. X I e r tegme: klllng kllrndl:
D klllnq Dev. N. fr. ktlln-? 'act, deed, 'amila'l-racirl min kulli'f-'amal 'the man did
action', as npposcd to klllk which means everythinp (possible)'; and if he wishes to do
rather 'a course of action'; in Duddhist termin- more than he should, one says to him UkUq
ology normally translates Sanskrit karma, but k ~ l i n m a :'do not overdo it' (15 tucdwizu'l-
in U I18, 20 ff. bAaua. N.0.a.b. T u r k u VIII ff. +add) Ka?. 11 I 56 ( k ~ l m u : r , ki11nrna:k);
Man. yek lulln$rga 'by his devilish actions' 0.0. I 64, 13; 394! 19; 508, 3; I21 20, ;6:
Chuas. I 17; b u kllin$tn [iiziitl?] boqun- KB (do not treat lrfe Itghtly) e d g u k ~ l l ndo
m a g a y '[his soul?] will not he freed by this good' (or make yourself good?) 1333; (look
act' T T I1 6, 31-2: Uyg. vrrr (after this my at the fair-haired beauty and) k111n ozke f3l
father the xigrin died) kara: bodun k111nq[l: 'make him your mascot' 2468: XIII(?)At. (if
gap] 'the actions of the common people . . .' you are a believer) tawadus k l l ~ n'behave
$u. N 12: vrrr ff. Man. b u b u y a n edgii killn$ humbly' 280; a.o. 414; 7bf. kkln- forms Com-
kiiyinte 'by the strength of these meritorious pound Pass. V.s with Ar. N.s 208: Gag. xv ff.
and good deeds' T T I X 96; 0.0. do. loo; T T Son. 298v. 3 (kllil-): Xwar. xrv krlm- 'to do
111 11: Bud. k111ng in such phr. as edgU (for oneself); to be done' Qzrtb 147: Klp. xrv
k111nq 'good deeds' and aylg k l l ~ n q 'evil kllln- taxallaqa ma'ahu 'to model oneself on
deeds' is very common PP 2, I ; 3, 7 ; 12, 3 someone1(?) Id. 74: Osm. xv and xvr F I l n -
etc. ; U I11 42, 2; 89, 17; Index to T T I lo V, 'to behave (in some way); to be made'; In two
p. 37; S y . 7, 11 (ogar-): Xak. xr klltnq texts T T S I V 509.
al-xulrrq behaviour'; hence one says e d g u
kll111~ 'good bchaviour' and also the opposite; D kolun- Refl. f. of kol-; survives only(?)
ktllnq fa&anricu'l-mar'a wa daliiluhd 'feminine in NW Kar. L., T. kolun- 'to ask for (some-
coquetry (Hend;)'; one says to a woman u k u ~ thing) for oneself' R 11 593; cf. kolunguqt:.
k ~ l l n q l a n m a : do not be such a coquette' Uyg. V I I I ff. Man. T T I I I 141 (tiizugii): Bud.
Kaj. 111374; a.o. I1 156 (lulm-): K B klllnq Hiien-ts. 231-2 (kergeksiz): Xak. XI e r ne:g
is common 42 (klllk), 105, 149, 181, 340 kolundi: 'the man asked for (sa'ah) something
(arkuk), etc.: x ~ Muh.(?)v xirluq rua tab' 'be- (for himself)' Kag. I1 156 (kolunu:r, kolun-
haviour. nature' k t l t n ~Rif. 147 (Mel. g ~ rq , ma:k); a.0. 1 2 2 , 3.
k1:lr:g): Xwar. xrv k i l l n i 'action' Quib 148
(and see k l ) : 0 X I to I i
etc. in several texts; klllnq et-/eyle- 'to
n action, ~ a ~ ~ ~ ~ - ' k~~ ,&" :~d ~: ~~ '
kalnu:dl: 'the flimsy thing became dense or
behave coquettishly' T T S I 457; 11625; 111 thick1 (tawlLnn. . . wo ioluza) fir.111

D kalguk IIap. leg.; apparently crasis of D ku1na:- Trans. Den. V. fr. kulun; n.o.a.h.
*kallnguk, Dev. N./A. fr. *kahn-, cf. kal- I J ~ .kulunla:-. Xak. xr k1sra:k ku1na:dl:
QU:; syn. Up.klltlk but not connected etYmo- the mare foaled' (natacnt . . . falw) Kay. III
logically. Xak. X I k a l ~ u k(MS. in error 302 (kuIna:r, ku1na:ma:k); (in a note on
kalrvtrk) 'scurf' (!taz5zotil'l-ra's), and also y6ni:-, qv.) for a mare, since 'foal' is kulun,
anything like fur o r hide which is matted mare foaled' (nolacat) is klsrak ku1na:-
(inqnbnda) by contamination with something dl:: should sav kulunla:dl:. but the
viscid Kay. I11 383. shdrt&\ord is used because -n- and -1- come
from the same point of articulation (maxrac)
is. V. CLN- so that the two interchange and the word is
D kllln- Refl. f. of k ~ l - ;usually in a Pass. shortened to this III 92, 5: KIP. xrv kulna-
sense 'to be made, created', and the like, but in malada $ 1 ~'to foal' Id. 74.
the early period also (of a child) 'to form its
owncharacter, to grow up'. S.i.a.m.1.g. Tiirkii D kalna:d- Hap. leg.; Intrans. Den. V. fr.
VIII ini:si: egi:si:nteg kllrnmaduk eriny
k a l m ; cf. ka1nu:-. Xak. XI yuvka: ne:D kal-
ogll: kapi:nteg k ~ l l n m a d u k ering 'ap- nattl: 'the flimsy thing became thick'(&zlura);
parently the younger brothers did not grow originally ka1na:dtl: but assimilated KO$. II
up like their elder brothers or the sons like 350 (kalnatu:r, ka1natrna:k; sir, no doubt
their fathers' I E 5, 11E 5; (I myself, the in error for kalna:dur, ka1nadma:k).
Counsellor ToAukuk) Tavgaq 6lige: klllnttm
'grew up for (i.e. as a subject of) the Chinese T r i s . GLN
Empire' T I ; 0.0. I E I , II E 2 (asra:); On,+ ?F koluga 'the young shoot of a plant or tree';
4: vrlr ff. Man. kentU tugmcg klllnmlg 'sclf- n.0.a.b. The word is not of a nonnal Tur-
born and self-created' Chuas. 114: Uyg. kish shape and may be an Indo-European
VIII ff. Bud. sigirgelir oguglug kllrnip (ITokharian) I.-w. connected with I.E. *go/-
 . GLN
'branch'; Armenian kolr 'branch'; Tokharian D kulun1a:- Den. V . fr. k u l u n ; (of s mare)
B kolyi 'hair'. Uyj2,. vrrr ff. Man. !'/ind. 8-9 'to foal'. S.i.a.m.l.g. with some phonetic
(eded-); Bud. ( I w ~ l lcreate the roots, twigs, changes; cf. kulna:-. Tiirkii vrlr ff. IrkB 5
branches, and leaves of various flowers and (2 be:): Xak. xr Koy. III 92 (ku1na:-); n.m.e. :
fruits) yana yeme 1 tarrg kolugasrn 'the Kom. xrv 'to foal' kulunla- C C G ; Gr.
young shoots of bushes and cereals' Strv.
D kalgu:la:- Den. V. fr. kalgu:; pec. to
529, 9. Xak. X I e r suvda: knlgu:la:di: 'the inan
1) kalinqu: Dev. N./A. fr. *kalrn-, cf. kalgu:, floated ([ojd) on the surface of the water'; this
kalguk; 'remainder, residue', so~netimesin a happens wheh he kicks (yarkrd) his legs nnd
pyorati\.esense. N.0.a.b. Cf. kalrngsiz. Uyg. moves his shoulders and is stationary (qd'im)
vrlr ff. Bud. Sanskrit divasdonietepo 'for the being supported by the water Koj. III 410
rest of the day' kiinniig kallnqusi iize: T T (kalgu:la:r, ka1rju:la:ma:k; everywhere
VIII G.7; (in a list of demons who are unclean vocalized ka1rgtr:la:-); a.0. 111379 (kal~u:).
feeders) kalrnqu a ~ l r g l a r'eaters of residues'
U I1 61, 13; 0.0. Hiien-1s. 306, (sap-) 2011 P U D kalagur- Hap. leg.; the etymological
(qo:b; and further 0.0. in note thereon); USp. suggestions in the note on the passage are un-
101, 12. convincing, prob. a mis-spelling of *kalgur-
Intrans. Den. V. fr. kalgu:, 'to float' or the
I) k u l n a : ~ ~N.Ag.
: fr. ku1na:-; (of a mare) like. Uyg. V I I I ff. Bud. (when I heard of your
'in foal'. N.0.a.b. Xak. xr kulnaql: kisra:k good health, that which could not be seen
01-'aqriq mina'l-.ray1 'a mare in foal' K q . 1491 : shone brightly, as if I had seen you in the flesh)
KIP. XIII al-liinu'l-'zrjrir 'a mare in the tenth kall[yu] k a l a ~ u r d rkogiiliimiiz 'our mind
month of pregnancy' ku:lna:qr: (?sic, MS. rose in the air (with joy) and floated there'
ku:nla:npt:) Hou. 12, 8: xrv kulnagr: (un- Hiien-tr. 1878-9.
vocalized) 01-hicru'l-!tdmil 'a mare in foal'
hi. 74. Dis. OLS
D krlrnqllg P.N./A. fr. klllnq; used only with D kulslg Dev. N. fr. *kulsr:- Simulative Den.
preceding qualifying Adj.; n.0.a.b. Tiirkii V. fr. kul. N.0.a.b. Xak. X I kulstg e r 'a
V I I I ff. a:iir:g kt1rnqlr:g 'evil doing' Toy. III ruan whose character (xtrlqtrhu) resembles the
I V . 2-3 ( E T Y I1 178): Uyg. vrrrff. Man.-A character of a slave' Kay. 1 4 6 5 ; a.0. 111 128,
eclgii k~lrngllg'doing good works' M I 10, 19 (under -srg, cf. ersig): K B a d i r m a z m e n
3: hlan. edgii kilrnqlig r s l a r ~ glglattlglz begslg yH kulsrg kiqig 'I do not distinguish
TT 11180; 0.0. do. r 13-17: Bud. ayig k ~ l r n g - between the lordly and the servile man' 809.
Irg PP 62, 5; U 11153, 6 (ii); edgii kllmgllg
ig T T I V 12, 53; a.o.0.: Civ. edgii k ~ l l n ~ l ~g Tris. ~ L S
Ig T T 1 5 3 , 79: Xak. X I K B 340 (arkuk). D ka1i:slz Priv. N./A. fr. *kall: Dev. N. fr.
kal-; 'without a remainder, without exeep-
D k a l r n q s ~ zHap. leg.; Priv. N./A. fr. *kaling tion', and the like. N.0.a.b. TiirkU vrrr o n o k
(cf. kalrnqu:). Uyg. vrrr ff. Bud. kalrnqsrz bodunt: kall:srz taytkmrg 'the On Ok (i.e.
v.1. for kalisiz T T I V 12, 60. Western Turku) people have taken the field
D kolungucr: Dev. N.Ag. fr. kolun-; 'beg- in full force' T 30; a.0. T 33: Uyg. vrrr ff.
gar'. N.0.a.b.; perhaps a misreading of kolt- Bud. (the rulers in all Jambudvipa) kalrslz
guqr: (see kolguq~:)but thnt word nlay be keltiler 'came without exception' U II 22,
a tnisrending of this one. Uyg. vru ff. Bud. 23; a l k u n i z v a n ~ l a r i gi d i yokrgn tegi kali-
irinq $*gay buqrqt kolunguqr trnlrglar siz tiqiiriip 'suppressing all emotions without
'miserable poor alms-gatherers and beggars' exception to the point of complete extinction'
U III 10, 4-5. T T I V 12, 55-7; 0.0. do. 60 (v.1. kallnqsiz);
T T 1Y 129, 248; SI~U. 49, I ; 137, 22; 138,
D kolonlug Hap. leg.; P.N./A. fr. *kolon I 2 etc.
Dev. N. fr. kol-. Uyg. vrrr ff. Bud. [gap] VUD kolusuz Priv. N./A. fr. kolu:; n.0.a.b.
kogiilin b i r kolonlog koglin b u da:rnr
b o g & ~ t u p'teaching this dlidrani with a . . . In the phr. odsiiz kolusuz clearly 'untimely';
in the phr. iilgiisiiz kolusuz it seems to mean
tnind and a prayerful(?) mind' YT ' V I l I K.7. rather 'not confined to a single short period;
11 v l u n l u g P.N./A. 'fr. k u l u n ; 'having a timeless, eternal'. Uyg. vrrr ff Bud. (just as
foal . S.i.s.m.l. Xak. xr kulunlug kisra:k the sin of killing living things is grievous; the
rnlrrnkn mrrfliyn, that is 'a mare which has a foal merit and good deed of not killing them) anqa
following her' (yotlrihd) h-0s. I 500. o k iilgiisiiz kolusuz t6tir 'is called equally
immeasurable and eternal(?)' Srrv. 21, 16-17;
D kallgstz Hap. leg.; Priv. N./A. fr, 1 kalrg: in T T V I 440 kolusuz is a v.1. for iilgiisiiz
'without demanding a bride price'. Uyg. IX in the phr. iilgiisiiz etoz bodisatv 'the
Strci 7 (1 kallg). Bodhisattva with the immeasurable body'; 0.0.
rlo. 348-9 (Sdsiiz), 439.
T r i s . V. CLN-
I) kllin$lan- Hap. leg.; Refl. Den. V. fr. Dis. V. GLS-
kllrnq; 'to be coquettish'. Xak. xr Kaf. III D 1 kaliv- Co-op. f. of kal-; n.o.8.h. Xak. XI
374 (kilnnq); n.m.e. (after 2 kalrg-) also used when two men coni-
 D I S . V.
Pete in rmmaining behind (fi'l-fork xalfo(n); 2 ko:m 'wave'. Survives in NE Alt. korn R I1
MS. xalqa(n)) Kay. 11109 (no Aor. or Infin.): 667; SW'Ckm. 2o:m. Xak. XI ko:m mmucu'I-
Gag. xv ff. (kalln-)/kal~g-(both spelt) wd -m-' 'a wave' Kay. 111 137 (verse): xtv Muh.
pasmiindun ya'ni pdy kam iiwardan 'to stay al-mawc ko:m Mel. 77, 3; Rif. 180: Kom.
hchind, that is to run off' Sun. 275'. 8. xrv 'wave' korn C C G ; Gr.: Klp. X I I I 01-mawc
korn Ilou. 5, 15 : O s m . x v ~ rkorn 'wave,
D 2 kallg- Recip: f. of ka11:-; s.i.s.m.l. in storm' T T S 1 4 9 6 (kurn).
NE(?) R 11 245. Xak. xr a t a d g t r kallgdl:
'the horses and stallions jumpcd at one another' kurn 'sand'. S.i.a.m.l.g. I,.-w. in Pe., etc.
(tawdjabat) Kay. I1 109( k a l ~ g u : rka11gma:k).
, Doerfer I11 1525. Uyg. V I I I ff. Man. M 11137,
3-5 (ii) (3 al): Hud. yCr1 k u m l a l k u kUmtip
D k111g- Co-op. of k ~ l - n.0.a.b.
; Xak. xr 01 'its soil and sand were all silver: PP 36, 6 7 ;
mnga: I:$ k111gd1: 'he helped me to do some- k u r n sanlnqa b u r x a n l a r Buddhas as
thing' (fi'l-'amal); also used for competing numerous as (grains of) sand' U 11157, 12;
KO$.II 109 (lullgu:r, k111gma:k): Gag. xv ff. 0.0. Huen-ts. 321-3 (tepit-); Kuan. 84, etc.:
k1119- Co-op. f.; bd yak digar kardan 'to do Gigil XI kurn 01-ram1 'sand'; the O&z do not
(something) together' Son. 298r. 29 (quotns.): know thisword Kay. 1338;sevenXak.o.0. trans-
X w a r . x ~ vb i r birlgizke h a s a d k l l q m a g l z lated al-raml, al-turdb 'dust', or al-'dnik 'a heap
'do not envy one another' Nahc. 412, 6. of sand': K B (the mind of an ignorant man is)
k u r n t e g 'like sand' 975; (this man's soul)
D kolug- Hap. leg. ?; Recip. f. of kol-. Xak. k u r u g k u m k a okgar 'is like dry sand' 3626:
xr ola:r ikki: kl:z kolugdl: 'they asked one xrlr(?) At. s a n a r m u egiz k u r n ugak tag
another for a daughter in marriage' (.vataba; s a n l 'can one count (the grains in) a high sand-
MS. hafaba in error); also used when two men bank or small pebbles?' 60: Tef.kurn 'sand'
ask (sa'ala) one another for something K q . I1 217: xrv Mulz. al-ram1 ku:m Mel. 75, I ; Rif.
109 (verse; no Aor. or Infn.). 178: (;ag, xvff. k u r n rig-i narm 'soft sand'
San. z9or. 29 (quotn.): Kom. xrv 'sand' kum
Mon. GM CCI, C C G ; Gr.: KIP. x r r ~al-ram1 kurn Hou.
5, 15: XIV ditto Id. 75; Bul. 4, TO: xv ditto
ka:m 'sorcerer, soothsayer, magician', and the Kaw. 58, 14; Tuh. 16b. 5.
like. Survives only(?) in NE, most languages
R 11476. L.-w. in Pe., Doerfer I11 1409 Cf.
kam1a:-. Uyg. v r ~ rff. Man.-A (physicians Mon. V. GM-
will not be able to heal him) t a k ~k a m a g k a m - 'to strike down'; more vaguely 'to
k a m l a r t e r l e p n e g tirgiirrnegey 'and all lower'; n.0.a.b.; cf. kamql:. Uyg. vrrr ff.
the sorcerers when they assemble will certainly Bud. a n t a o k y e r d e k a m d ~'and then beat
not bring him back to life' M I 15, 8-9; 0.0. him to death on the ground' U I1 27, 24-5:
do. 33, 17-18 (tegrilik), 22; Man.-ttig. Frag. Xak. xr 01 anl: kamdl: darabahu fa-atxanahu
400, 9 etc.: Bud. yekke i ~ g e k k ek a m k a wa awbaqahu 'he beat him unmercifully, beat
t a p r g q ~ tlnllglar tikiiq worshippers of him to death' Kag. I127 (kama:r, kamrna:k);
demons (Hend.) and sorcerers are numerous' 0.0. 111 230, 18 (tlg-); 382, 11 (misvocalized
TT VI 017-18: Xak. XI ka:m al-kdhin kum-): K B k a m d l k a z 'he lowered his eyes'
'soothsayer' Kay. I11 157; three 0.0.: K B 5799: X w a r . xlv k a m a r kiiz M N 108.
k e r e k t u t otaql k e r e k e r s e k a r n 'get a
physician or, it may be, a sorcerer' 1065; b u k o m - IIap. leg.; homophonous w. 2 ko:m.
dunyH k a m ~ 'the sorcerer of this world' (can- Xak. X I su:v komds: mrica'l-mii' 'the water
not cure it) 2002; 0.0. 3873, 5244: XIII(?)T p f . was covered with waves' Kay. 1127 (koma:r,
(you are not) kiihin ya'ni x a m 346: xrv Muh. komma:k).
01-'arraf ('sorcerer') wa'l-kcihin ka:m M e l .
5 , 2; Rif. 75; 01-'arrdf wa'l-mu'azzim ('snakc-
:charmer') ka:m 58, 5; 156: g a g . xv ff. k a r n
fabib wa tnrc'dic tea hakim tva d8niymnnd kama:- the basic meaning seems to be 'to
'physician, healer, sage, wise man' San. 276v. suffer discomfort' or the like, hence (of the
eyes) 'to be dazzled'; (of the teeth) 'to be set on
7: K o m . x ~ v'female exorciser' k a r n k a t u n
C C G ; Gr.: KIP. xrv karn al-[abib Id. 75: xv edge'. Survives only(?) in NC Klr., Kzx., but
ddya properly 'midwife, foster mother', here see kamag-. As the Aor. of this word and
perhaps 'witch' k a r n Tuh. 15a 13. k a m - are identical and as both are used with
k6z, it is not always certain which V. is con-
1 ko:'m 'camel's pack-saddle'. S.i.a.m.1.g. (SW cerned. Xak. xr k6:z kama:dl: 'his eyes were
Tkm. go:m) in the same meaning or for 'the dazzled' (irmadarmt) by the glare of'the sun;
pad on such a saddle; the fat on a camel's back'. and one says anlg t~:gl:kama:dl: his teeth
Xak. xr ko:m qatahu'l-ba'ir 'a camel's pack- were set on edge' (kalla) by eating something
saddle'; it is made as follows, the camel's sour Kay. 111 272 (kama:r, kama:ma:k;
hack-cloth (hils) is taken and stuffed with prov.); 0.0. 1340, 3 ('to be dazzled'); I1 311,
straw, and hoth side pockets of it (!~nwL+laylii) 19 (name prov.): K B yiizi kiirkliig e r d i
are thus raised to the level of the hump; it is kijriip kBz k a r n a r 'his face was so heaut~ful
called tevey k o : m ~ : Kay. I11 136: KIP. x111 that any eyes that see it are dazzled' (or any-
al-hidaca wa'l-barda'a 'camel saddle, pack- one who sees it lowers his eyes) 464 (and see
-saddle' korn Hott. 5, 16. k a m - ) : Kom. xlv 'to be dazzled' CCG; Gr.:
O s m . svt k a m a - 'to blunt (Trans.; the point 'g-angrcne' R 11 405. Xnk. X I kamq~:ku:
of a nail)'; in several texts T T S 1407; IV457. 'a srvrlling (or blotch, bn!ra)' which appears on
VU kom1:- 'to long for (something)'; n.0.a.b. the lips or fingers as the result of n violent
blow, a akin irr~tationor fever Kns. I 4 9 1 : X I V
There is obviously no connection with the Milk.(?) nl-niqris 'a rheumatic or anuty swell-
word in Tqf. and Nalzc. xvhich clearly means ing' k a m p g u : (MS.kamcaiu:) I($. 164 (only).
'toshine'. Xak. xr erevige: komr:dl:na~ata'l-
-racrrl rca'rt3a jowq ila baytihi 'the man D k a m q ~ l r gP.N./A. fr, k a m q ~ : ; s.i.s.m.l.
travelled about and felt a longing for his home'; lvith solnc phonetic changes. Xak. xr K U
also uscci of anyone who longs (ijtcqo) for k 8 r nrslnn miiniigli k111q k a m q ~ l ~'scc, g
something and sets his heart (hdca qalbahrr) on riding a lion and using a sword for a whip'
it Kaj. III 273 ( k o m x r , kom1:ma:k); e r 2354.
kom~:dr: (MS. in error komrndz:) 'the man T r i s . V. GhlC
desired (haca fi) something' 11 324, 7: K13
takr arzuladr komrdt kogiil 'and his heart D kamrq1a:- IIap. leg.: Den. V, fr. kamrq.
desired and longed for him' 3854; 0.0. 3 8 5 4 7 : Xak. xr 01 mu:^ kam1qla:dl: 'he ladled out
(xtlr(?) Tef. (he told him to put his hand in his (garafo) the broth with a ladle' Ka?. I11 331
pocket, and when he had done so and drew it (kamlqla:r, kam1qla:ma:k).
out again) elgindin niir k o m l d ~'light shone 1) kamq1:la:- Den. V. fr. kamql:; 'to whip,
from his hand' 212: Xwar. xrv komnn- (sic. flog'. S.i.s.nl.1. X a k , xl e r a t l n kamq1:la:dr:
spelt koma:n-) 'to long for', seems to be a Refl. 'the man flogged (s@u) his horse' Ka* III 352
f. of this V. Qutb 143; yiizi tolun a y t e g (kamql:la:r, kamq1:la:ma:k).
k o m l y u r 'his face shines like the full moon'
Nahc.z3,6;o.o.do. 9 , 8 ; 5 4 , 7 ; 102,s).
Dis. GMC 1; kanlilu: ITap. Irg.; 'a currency note'; no
doubt a Chinese phr., krrn (Middle Chinese
kamlq 'ladle'. Survives with minor phonetic knm) ttr (M.C. 111c)or tlic like. Xak. XI kamdu:
changes in NE Koih., Kiier., Sag. R 11486 'a piece of linen (qita'n kirbds) four cubits by
and Khak. Cf. qomqe:, kagrk. T u r k u vrtr ff. one span in dimension, sealed with the scal of
(a devout old woman stayed behind in a the Uyiur xdn and used in commercial transac-
deserted camp) yaglig kamr:q bu1u:pan tions' (bihd biyri'dttthunr); when it becomes
(so read) 'she found a greasy ladle' (and kept worn and tattered, it is patched up (yuraqqa')
alive by licking it) ZrkB 13: Xak. XI k a m q every seven years, washed, and resealed Koj.
al-migrafa 'ladle' Kaf. I 359; two 0.0.: xrv 1418.
hfuh.(?) al-migrafa k a m ~ qRif. 169 (only): D ~ S V.. CMD-
KIP. xrv k a m u q (sic) al-migrafa; wa 'um'lmt
bi'l-cumcd 'Arabicized as cumca' Id. 76. D k a m a t - IIap. leg.; Caus. f. of kama:-.
X a k . xr kii:n k6:zDg kamattr: 'the sun
f)k a m q ~ Dev.
: N. (properly N.Ag.) fr. k a m - ; dazzled (!rayyorat) the cyes with its glare'; and
axvhip'. S.i.a.m.1.g.; cf. berge:. L.-~v.in Pe., one sags aqlg avya: tl:q~kkamattl: 'the sour
etc. Dorrfer 111 1527. Uyg. vlrr ff. Civ. quince (or something elsc) set the teeth on
kamqr yep 'having been flogged' H I 181; edge' (akalla . . . a/-sinlr) ICasaS. ZZ 3 I I ( k a m a -
kamql b e r g e yep, ditto USp. gj, 34: Xak. tu:r, k a m a t m a : k ; prov. containing kama:-);
XI k a m q ~ :01-sorat a whip'; kllrq kamtp: al- a.0. 1515. 6.
-mi'riwl, tlint is 'a whip contnining a sword':
kamqr: 'the penis (qadih) of a horse, bovine, or PUD k n m ~ t n.o.a.b.; - the first syllable is not
camel', but usually used of a horse; one says vocalized in the Fergana nnd Cniro MS. and
a t kamql:p~:ICas. 1 4 1 7 : s r r ~ ( I )Tpf. k a m q l in 802 seems to be spelt knytt- in the first; in
'whip' 197: stv Rhg. ditto R I1 494 (quotn.); thc Virnnn MS. it is spclt hrnrrt-; it is, however,
MICA.01-nriqra'a 'whip' kamqr: ( - c - ) Met. 11, sense bcst explained as a Caus. f. of k n m - in the
6-7; 72, I ; Rif. 85, 174: Gag. xvff. karngr of 'to cause to throw down'. X a k , xr K B
(spelt; 'with -q-') 'a well known kind of whip' (every three-legged (stool) is incapable of lean-
(izziycina) (quotn.); in Ar. saw!; in the Qal- ing (emitmez)) iiqegu t u r u r tiiz k a m t t m a z
miqi language milt (Kow. 2025 milaia), and b o l u r 'thc three (legs) stand even and cannot
in the language of Rtis pildt(plet') Sun. 276v. 7: make it throw (the person seated on it) down'
Xwar. xrv k a r n ~ l'whip' Qutb 1 3 0 ; Mi? 72: 802; (if one of the three leas lean) iklsi k a m t -
Kom. ditto CCI, CCG; GI.: KIP. XIII al- t a r u g a r 01 e r i 'it makes the (other) two throw
-miqroVak a m q ~ (-p)
: Hou. 14, 6: xrv k a m q ~ : the man down and he goes flying' 803.
(-C-) 01-nrixsora 'rod, stick' Id. 75 :xval-miqra'a V U D k o m ~ t -Caus. f. of kom1:-; 'to cause
k a m q ~ :(sic) Kav. 64, 4 ; Trih. 33b. 12 (also (someone) to long for (something)', and more
qokmar). indefinitcly 'to arouse, inspire (someone)'.
Tris. GMC N.o.2.b. Xak. XI udig menl: k o m r t t ~ :
D kam1qa:k Hap. leg.; Dim. f. of kamlq. ?nyyncani'l-inzcq ild'l-wmIzhBb owi'l-rco!nn
Xak. s t kam1qa:k 01-dafnni$ 'tadpole' Kay. longing (for niy heloved or my hotne) aroused
me' A-~J.I1 311 (komttu:r, kom1tma:k;
I 457. verse); ogul m e n i evke: kom1tga:n 'the
D kamq~:gu:Den. N. fr. kamql:. Survives boy constantly ~uakes me long (nrt~imuwiqi)
only(?) in NE Tel. kamqu: ($or kamqw) for my home (rtc.)' Z 515 ; 0.0. I 69, 8 ; IZ
 324, 7: K P (a man must I>c violent to pierce VU ?I) k o m u k Hap. kg.; second syllable
the encmy s ranks) yltllik kerek ked korntt- unvocalized; pcrhaps Intrans. Dev. N./A. fr.
s a e r l g 'he must bc alert to arouse the men k o m - in the sense of 'something that comes in
properly' 2328; k o m ~ t s akiigiil kiir yorttsa waves'. Kay. also lists the well-known tribal
klgig 'if he arouses men's minds and sets them name K u m u k describing it as 'the name
in motion' 3701. ' of one of the begs who was a friend of mine'.
Cf. kl:g et? Xak. X I kornuk raw!u'l-forar
D k a m t u r - Hap. leg.; Caus. f. of kam-. Xak. xd$sa!a(n) dung', more particularly hone
xt 01 ant: u r u p karnturdt: 'he ordered some- dung Kaf. 1383.
one to beat him until he almost died and
became speechless' (kdda an yahlik wn xafata kamgt: n.o.a.b., but cf. kamgir-. Xak. xr
minhu sarctuhu) Kar. II 191 ( k a m t u r u r , k a m - anything which is 'shrunken (or creased) and
turma:k). crooked' (inzaud wa a'rvacca) is called kamgl:;

XI
.:
D korntur- Hap. leg.; Caus. of kom-. Xak.
yB:l su:vug komturdt: the wind raised
hence 'a man whose mouth is distorted by a
paralytic stroke' (alladi bihi laqwa) is called
k a m g ~ : yu:zliig Kay. 1 426: Kom. x ~ v
waves (amdca) on the water' Kay. I1 192 'crinkled, crooked' k a m o v CCG; Gr. (no
( k o m t u r u r , komturma:k). doubt a later form of the same word).
Dfs. CMC D karnea:k Dev. N. (connoting habitual
action) fr. k a m - ; lit. 'constantly throwing (or
F k a m a g ( ? x a m a g ) 'all'; an early I.-w. fr. being thrown?) to the ground'; the word used
Middle Persian hm'g (hamdg). The earliest for various plants the chief characteristic of
indisputable evidence for initial k- is in the which is that either their seeds, or the whole
Man. Syriac script, the Runic and Uyg. letters plants, arc carried long distances by the wind;
used might equally well represent X-, but there in the Soviet dicts. the normal translation is
is no indisputable occurrence of x-. In the perekafi-pole. Survives in S E Tar. k a m g a k
Man. Syriac and Uyi. scripts the word is 'salt-wort, SaIsula oppositt~olia'R IIqgo; Tiirki
usually spelt in the Iranian form kmg or k a m g a k 'salt-wort, Salsula collina' Sham 223;
kma:g; the form k a m u g with labial vowel
attraction does, however, occur as early as BF 464: NC 1-h. k a m g a k ; KZX.kagbak.
Tiirku VIII ff. Survives as k a m ~ k / x a m l xin Uyg. vrrt ff. Bud. (I am like) karngak ken-
d i r k e t a y a k l ~ k l nkontiilrnig 'a salt-wort sup-
several NE languages and k a m u in SW Osrn. ported by a hemp plant' Hiien-is. 1948: Civ.
Cf. barqa: etc. Tiirkti vnr kara: k a m a g k a m g a k b a r ~ tre g edig ketti 'your property
bodun 'all the common people' I E 8 , I I E 8;
has disappeared a s a salt-wort goes away (with
k a m a g ~ :yeti: yiiz e r bolmtg 'they became
the wind)' TT 1 9 5 6 : Xak. xr kamga:k ol-
7 ~ ) m e n i n a l l ' I E 1 z , I I f i 1 1 ; a . o I. E
VIII ff. k a m a g iize: y a r u k bolo: 'it became
18:
- tumcim 'a light grass, Pnnictcm dichotomum' Kay.
f 4 7 5 : Gag. xv ff. k a m g a k (spelt) 'a kind of
light over everything' IrkB 26; kara: k a m a g plant like a wormwood bush' (brila-iyhwfdn)
sOsi: 'his whole army' do. 63; 0.0. do. 53; which is tangled and convoluted, with a very
Tun. I V 7 (ETY 11 96); Toy. 111 2r. 7-12 light weight; a gentle breeze rolls it(8altanad)
( I 1 179); k a m w g (sic) tavlartg 'of all the across the plains Son. 276v. 9 (quotns.):
stones' Toyok 12 ( I 1 58): Man. k a m a g y6r X w a r . atv k a m g a k 'camel thorn' and
(izekinig 'of everything on earth' Chtras. 45; the like Qutb 130: KIP. xtrr 'a dry tangled
0.0. do. 194, etc.; T T I1 6, 9 etc.; k a m a g a g thorn bush (at-gawk) which is tolled about by
a l a g a d t u r u r 'he weakens all' M I11 I I , 12 (i): the windlkamka:k(sic); anyonefeatherbrained
Uyg. rx k a m a g (on fragments) III A I r ; Bz is called in derision kamka:k baglu: that is
( E T Y 11 37-8): vrrr ff. Man. k a r n a g Wind. 'with a brain as light as kamka:k' Hou. 9, I.
6, 28; k a m ~ (sic) g T T III 35, I 14; k a m i g u n
?Collective f. do. 61, F25; I X 66: Bud. ?F kumga:n 'jug, water bottle, flask', and the
k a m a g and the 7Collecttr~ef. karnagun are like; s.i.rn.m.1.g. as k u m g a n and the like. No
common U I1 65, 27; III 42, 13; PP 14, 8 obvious etymology, perhaps a corruption of
etc.; T T I V 4, 16; 10, 28 etc.; V 24, 63; 26, Ar. qumquma. Xak. XI kurnga:n al-qumqtrma
81: Civ. k a m a g is common in T T I: xrv 'jug, flask' K a b 1 4 4 0 ; (under 2 turma:) the
Chin.-Uj'g'. Dict. 'all'kamag Ligeti 161: Xak. Turks call at-qumqrrma kumga:n but the
XI k a m u g a Particle (harf) meaning al-kull O&z use the Pe. word a f t a b ~ :I 432; a.0.
'all'; hence one says k a m u g kigi: tii:z erme:s I1 353 (yalnt-).
'all men are not equal' Kag. I 376; about 60
0.0. : KB k a m u g 'all' is very common, 4 etc.: Dis. V. CMC-
xtrr(?) At. k a m u g t6rliig igde 'in all kinds
of things' 115; a.o.0.; Tef. k a m u g l k a m u D k a m g ~ r -Hap. leg.; Intrans. Den. V., fr.
196-7: F a g . xv ff. k a m u k kamtra cumlast k a m g ~ : .Xak. XI a n q yii:zi: kamgtrdr: his
ma'na$tnn 'all of them' Vel. 324; k a m u k cami' face was almost distorted by paralysis' (kdda
'all' Sun. 276v. 13(quotns.): Xwar. xtlr k a m u an yata'awwac wa yulqd); also used for any-
'Afi 12: xrrt(?) k a m a g [email protected]: xrv karnug thing that tends (arcah) to be distorted' Kaf.
Qutb 130; Nahc. 260, to; k a m u k M N 4 3 etc.: II 194 (kamgtra:r, karngtrma:k).
KIP. xrv k a m u g al-cami'!d. 75: O s m . xtvff.' Tris. C M c
k a m u 'all, everyone1; c.1.a.p. T T S I 407;
11569; 111399; I V 457. D k a m a g u n See kamag.
 T r i s . V. GMC- Trls. GMR
V U D komuk1a:- Hap. leg.; Ilcn. V. fr. F xuma:ru: 'legacy, memento', etc.; no doubt
k o m u k . X a k , X I a t komuk1a:dl: 'the horse a I.-w., proh. Iranian. N.o.a.b. Clyg. v ~ r rff.
staled' (rci!~); (also used for being related to Bud. (the Prince gave generous prcscnts to the
K u m u k which is a man's name) Kag. III 339 500 mendicants and) barqaka x u m a r u (or
( k o m u k l a : ~ komuk1a:ma:k).
, k u m a r u ? ) s a v kocjtl 'addressed (these) part-
ing words to them all' (a spccch follows) PP
76, 2: Xak. X I xuma:ru: al-tnircit bi-'aynihi
Dis. GML 'a legacy' in the exact sense of the tcnn,
one says bu:nt: a t a m d t n xuma:ru: bul-
F kum1a:k 'Hop plant, Ntitntrlus luptilur.' dam ' I received this from my fatlier us a
L.-w. of Gemianic origin found in various legacy': xuma:ru: 'a n~cmcntoin the form
forms in many Germanic, Scandinavian, of goods' (tadhira tnina'l-ameud): it is the
Slavonic, and Finno-Ugrian languages, the custom of the Turks when one of the notables
earliest form being VIII-IX Latin humlo, humulo; (01-akdbira) of the kingdom dies for some
der. fr. a Germanic V. meaning 'to creep'; lit. precious (najis) object from his property to be
'the crecping plant'. Survives in NE Alt. set aside for the king, and it is callcd xuma:ru:,
k u m d a k ; NC Klr., I h x . k u l m a k ; NW Tat. that is a m m ~ e n t oof him; it is also used as
kolrnak; Bashkir k o m a l a k ; Cuv, x s m l a . a masculine or feminine Proper Name; simi-
KIP. XI kum1a:k 'a plant like the bean (ol- larly a traveller leaves something as a lnementu
-1ablrih) mhich grows in the KIP. country'; a with his neighbours and that is called xuma:-
drink mixed with honey is made from it; when ru: Kaf 1445; a.o.111440, 19: K B k u m a r u
the plant is put on board a ship, the sea (so spelt) is fairly common; in 269-70 (bltig)
develops waves (yanrric), and gets so stormy good customary laws are 'a legacy' ( k u m a r u )
that it aln~ostdrowns the people on board from the dead to the living; in 1150 Aytold~
PJ. 1 475 (cf. 2 ko:m); xlv (after ga:krr gives many k u m a r u to his friends; in 1341
wine') 'and they have another drink made of a parting speech is given k u m a r u at1 'the
fermented (nl-rnr~gallG)honey into which they name of k~rmaru';Chapter 23 (1342 tf.) relates
put a thing from the plant, which is like the to Aytoldl's k u m a r u bitig 'will': XII(?)
top of a sugar-cane (nr'usu'l-qayab); it is called KB V P 53 (kodun-).
kum1a:k; this is more intoxicating than grape
wine and they prefer it' Hou. 16, 6. k u m u r s g a : 'ant'; an old animal name ending
in -ga:. S.i.m.m.l.g., not SE or SW?. Cf.
D . k u m h g P.N./A. fr. k u m ; 'sandy'. $ume:li:,kar~ngga:. Ttirkii vrr~ff.kumu:rs-
S.1.a.m.1.g. w. some phonetic changes. Uyg. ga: 'ants' (eat an old ox) I r k B ,37: BE.
V I I I ff. Civ. k u m l u g v a x a r l ~ g'belonging to xv ff. k u m u r s g a (spelt) nllirca ant' San.
the monastery (Sanskrit vihcra) in the sands' 290v. 11: Xwar. X I I I k u m u r g k a 'ant' 'Ali
usp. 30, 11. 48: xlv k ~ m l r s a(sic) Qutb 148: RIP. XIII al-
-itnml 'ant' k u m u r s k a : (unvocalized; T k m .
Dis. V. ChlL- karmca:) Horr. 11, 19: xiv k u m u r s g a : ditto
Id. 75; ditto klmlrsagl: (sic) Rtrl. I r , 5 : xv
D k a m t l - Pass. f. of k a m - ; lit. 'to be struck ditto k u m r u s k a (sic) 36b. z.
down'. but usuallv more raeuelv 'to fall to the
~ -

ground'. ~ . o . a . b : Uyg. v r i ~ff.'~ud.(the king T r i s . V. C M R -

. . .) oliig t e g k a m i l u tiiqti 'fell to the ground
and lay like a corpse' p p b r , 7; 6gsjrep a n - DF xuma:ru:lan- IIap. leg.; quoted only in
SlrRp kamlldllar 'they fell to the ground a grammatical section. Refl. Ilen. V. fr.
unconscious rind not breathing9sflet, 619, I$; xuma:ru:. Xak. XI e r xuma:ru:landl: 'the
c,.o, dolo.625, r2-14(tok1tll-); ,y III 33, 14-r6 nian received a precious ol)ject (~hsiro)fro111
(ktig); do. bO, (ii): x a k . er k-ll,jl: the property of his friend or someone else'
'the man lay prone' (idfaca'a) Kaj. II rjg KG$. 1112 0 5 , 17; n.nl.e.
(kam1u:r (?sic), kam1lma:k; vocalized ko-
tnul-): XIII(?)At. q a w i e r s e k a m l u r k a r a r
q u w w a t l 'if a man is strong, (in the end) he k a m ~ g 'reed, cane, rush', and the like;
is thrown to the ground and his strength leaves s.i.a.m.l.g., in Cuv. x h B 1 . L.-w. in Pe. etc.,
him' 196: Kom. XIV 'to stagger, totter' k a m a l - Doerfer 111 1530. Tiirkii VIII ff. IrkB 10, 38
(sic) CCG; Gr. p:): Uyg. VIII ff Bud. Iki k a m i g sig ktllp
sharpening two reeds to a point' PP 57, 8 ;
D kam1a:- Den. V. fr. ka:m; 'to act as a a.o. U III 20, 10: Civ. (if a man chokes, you
ko:m, make magic', and the like. Survives in should pound the mixture and) b o g u z l ~ a
several NE languages as k a m d a - I k a m n a - yiirser (sic for u r s e r ) k a m l g birlc 'blow it
R 1149-1. Tiirkii VIII ff. IrkB 12 (erkllg): into his throat through a reed' I I I 185: XIV
(tag. xv ff. k a m l a m ~ s l in the IstilEhat-i Chin.-Uyz. Dict. chid 'bamboo' (Gila 2,3 16;
11411g1il(see Son., p. I 3) fabd6nt run mrr'dlica misread by A '. as tzr? 'twin' rz.319) k a m t g
'nledical treatment, healing' Son. 276v I I ;Ligeti 161 ; R II 487: Xak. XI k a m l g nl-qafab
illustrated by Pe. quotn.): Ksp. XIV k a m l a - a reed' KUJ.1 3 6 9 ; 0.0. I 4 3 8 (sarga:n); III
fohhn 'to practise medicine' Id. 75; fnyyoba 193 (klytur-): 391 (si0-): xrv Mtih. nl-qasnb
'to heal' Bul. gSr. k a m ~ gMel. 78, 9 ; kam1:g Rif. 182: X w a r
 xrv k a m q 'reed, (sugar-)canep, etc. Qrrfb 130: T r i s . V. &MS-
K o m . x~v'reed,rush'kamlg CCG; Gr.: Krp. D kamcglan- Hap. leg.; ReR. Den. V. fr.
X I V al-qayab kamlg Bul. 8, 5: xv ditto Kaw. kamig. Xak. XI yQ:r kamlglandl: 'the
63, 15; Tub. 28b. ro. ground became a reed-bed' (mqfaba) Kaf.
D kamga:g IIap. l e ~ . Dev.
; N./A. fr. k a m - I1 268 (kamlglanu:r, kam1glanma:k).
99:-; 'insecure'. Ttirkil vrrr I N 3 (2 ell@).
'

Dis. ~ M z
VU ?F kum$uy Hap. leg.; proh. a I.-w., ? k t m t z 'fermented mare's milk, koumiss';
Chinese. Xak. X I kumguy 'a louse (or tick, s.i.a.m.l.g.; 1.-w. in Pe. and many other
01-halamo mina'l-qirdcn) which is full of blood'; languages, Doerfer 1I1 I 529, in Russian kumyr,
used metaph. of a man who suffers from reten- fr. which it passed to other European countries;
tion of urine and cannot urinate Kag. 111241. the origin of the -11- is obscure; the only com-
D ~ S .V. CM$- parable Turkish spellings are NE Koib., Sag.
k u m r s R II 1049, but this may be a reborrow-
D k a m a g - Co-op. f. of kama:- in the sense ing fr. Russian. Xak. xr klrnlz al-ami~,that
that the whole of the Subject is involved; is 'mare's milk collected in vessels (aroflrb),
s.i.m.m.l.g. meaning (of the teeth) 'to be set fermented (yukammad), and drunk': klmiz
on edpc'. Xak. XI tr:g kamagdr: 'the teeth almria: 'a sour (al-hdmid) apple', so called
were set on edge by eating a sour quince and because it is like 01-amif Kaf. 1 3 6 5 ; 0.0. II rz
the like' Kaj. 11 I I I (kamagu:r, kamag- (big-); III 197 (2 ko:rlan-): K B 4442 (azar):
ma:k) a.0. 11 110, 5: xrrr(?) Tef, knmag- xrv Muh. 'fermented (mrr&mmd) mare's
(of the eyes) 'to be dazzled' 116: Gag. xv ff. milk' k ~ m l : z ;ra~wafu'l-laban'the scum (or
k a m a g - of the teeth 'to be set on edge' skin) on milk' kara: ktmr:z Met. 63, 7-9;
(ktmd ytmdnn); of the eyes 'to be dazzled' (xirn Rif. 161: Gag. xv ff. k i m ~ z(spelt) 'mare's
yudan); the verb cannot be used except with milk fermented (turuy karda) and drunk as an
teeth or eyes as the Subject 'Son. 276v. 16 intoxicant' (mnskirdt), in Ar. Iabanu'l-ramaka
(quotns.): Krp. xrv kamag- to be dazzled' ('mare's milk') Sun. zg8v. 26: Xwar. xrrr(?)
(inbnhnm) try the sun, so that one can hardly k u m u r 02.80; k i m l z do. 93 (g1btka:n): KIP.
look towarrls it, as happens to a man with xrv k ~ m 'fermented
~ z mare's milk' Id. 75: xv
ophthaltnia Id. 75: xv kalla kamag- Tuh. k i m ~ zis included among the translations of
3 1 b 3. laban Tub. 32a. I : O s m . XIV ff. k ~ m l z'kou-
miss'; in several texts TTS I 458; I1 626;
D k o m ~ g -Hap. leg.; Co-op. f. of kom- in Iv 509.
the sense that the whole of the Subject is
involved. Xak. XI ola:r 1:gka: komlgdr: T r i s . V. ~ M Z -
'they rejoiced (ihtazz~i)in the work and took D lumlzlan- Hap. leg.; Refl. Den. V. fr.
pleasure (nafatti) in it'; the origin is the phr. kimiz. Xak. XI e r kimizlandl: 'the man
su:v komugdr: (sic) 'the waves swelled (hcica- owned amit', that is fermented (at-h&&f)
ti'l-tna~uc) in every direction' Kaj. 11 I I I mare's milk Kaj. 11 268 (lumulanu:r,
(komugu:r, komugma:k sic). k~m1zlanma:k).
D kamga:- Den. V. fr. kamlg in the metaph. Mon. GN
sense of 'to move or sway' like reeds in the
wind; n.o.a.h. TIirkU V I I I ff. IrkB 16, etc. 1 ka:n 'blood'; c.i.a.p.a.1. Ttirkii vrrr kanlg
(1 tur-): UyR. vrrf ff. Man.-A M 1119, 15 (ii) suvga: yiigiirti: 'your blood flowed tlike
(cokra:-): 13ud. TT X 164, etc. (tepre:-). water' I E 24 (I1 E 20, but with Bgiizge: like
a river'); a.0. T 52 (t6k-): VIII ff. Man. k a n
D kamgat- Cairs. f. of kampa:-; 'to shake i r i 'blood
~ and pus' M 1 5 , 1-14; 6, 4: UyE.
(something); to allow (one's feet) to waver, or VIII ff. Bud. k a n a k l p iinti 'blood poured'
(one's thoughts) to stray'. N.0.a.b. Ttirkii (from his eyes and nose) U II 27, 22; (among
vrrr I N 7, I1 E 30 (adak): vnt ff. Man. Chums. the demons) k a n igtegiler 'blood drinkers'
187 (orun): Uyg. vrrr ff. Man. Wind. 16 do. 60, I (iii); PP 3, 4 ( a k ~ t - ) a.o.0.:
; Civ. H I
(bediiklentiir-). 83 (otgek),; a.o.0. :xrv Chin.-U>@. Dict. 'blood'
k a n L~gett161: Xak. XI ka:n al-dam 'blood'
Tris. C M S Kaj. 111157 (prov.); about 2: 0.0.: KB (the
D kamlglrg P.N./A. fr. k a m ~ g 'full
; of reeds partridge) klz11 agzr k a n t e g with his blood-
(etc.), covered with reeds (etc.)'. S.i.s.m.1. red beak' 76; k a y u a y d i k a n tutmrg e m d i
Uyg. vrrr ff. Bud. tolp etozleri kamigllg m u n l aga b e r g u iggil (Arat ek~ek,but the
vigin t[eg] turgrng (sic. ?read tarlung) a r a two best MSS. have igtil) a l u t g u k a n l 'some
orteniir 'all their bodies are burnt in con- said "he has high blood pressure, now we must
fusion(?) like waving(?) reeds' TM I V 254, open the invalid's (vein) and let the brood flow
72 (vigin Hap. leg.; perhaps Sanskrit vici out"' 1058; t a k m e k a n 'do not shed blood
'wave'): Xak. XI kamlgllg y&r 'a piece of 1395: XIIT(?)Tef. k a n 'blood' 197: xrv Muh.
round forming a reed-bed' (nl-mappnba) Ka?. al-dam ka:n Mel. 45, 14; Rif. 139; kacccim
9 495 : Gag. xv fT. kamlglig (sic, but prob. the
Gag. f. of an A.N. in -Ilk) nayistdn 'reed-bed'
'blood letter' ka:n a l g u g ~ :57, 4; 155: g a g .
xv ff. k a n xzin 'blood', in Ar. dam San. Z 7 p ' .
Son. 276v. 15: (Xwar. xlv kamlglag (sic) 15: X w a r . xrrr ditto 'Ali 35: XIV ditto Qutb
'reed-bed' Qutb 130). 130; MN72, etc.: Kom. xrv ditto CCI, CCG;
 M O N . 'N
Gr.: KIP. xrrr 01-dnnt ka:n IIorr. 21, 18; ol- as a sipn of respect for their own nj~rira and
-fCsid 'Olood letter' ka:n a:Ilqt that is 'taker of notahlcs gave them an imperial(pddi$fil~i)title
blond' do. 23, ID: xrv k a n ol-dam fd. 74: xv they called them pn$a which is a shortened
ditto Kno. 61, 12; Ttrli. 1Sa. 12; 18b. 8. form of pridiydh. After the empire of Irdn
2 ka:n See xa:n. passed to the $afawi dynasty they too, con-
trary to the ~vishes of the Sultans of RGm,
F xa:n a title at first practically syn. w. x a g a n , called the notables of thcir renlrn x a n and
q.v., hut later used mainly for a subordinate lo\\-er placed persons strl/fin. After tlic Sultanate
rulcr; for the ctyrnnlopical connection between of Hind passed to the houw of (;urpiti they
the two see x a g a n . 'I'here is no reasonable called theniselvcs pddilCh, nnd the notal~lesand
douht that the original and nomial pro- chiefs of the realm they distinguished by thc
nuncintion \\-as xa:n. An early I.-w. in Rlnng. title of x a n Son. ZZZV. I : K o m . slv k a n l x a n
(lint-nicch 59, Kozc. 718); no longer a royal 'emperor' C C I ; 'king' C C G ; Gr.: KIP. xrrr
title, but still used as a title of honour in many (in the list of Proper Nanics) t e m i i r xa:n
hloslem countries, not all Turkish-speaking. 'iron king' Norr. 30, 7: xlv k a n ('blood', also
Tiirkii V I I I x a n does not occur in I o r 11, but used for) al-nralik fd. 74: xv rultdn k a n Ttrh.
occurs six times in T i n contexts where x a g a n , r8b. 8 ; molik k a n do. 3 z b 3 ; 41b. 6.
which also occurs in T, might have been
expected, e.g. (the 'riirkii people) xan1:n 1 k a p 'father'; the oldest Turkish word in this
b u l m a y l n 'because they had no xan of their sense; it was gradually displaced in Uyg. by
own' (parted from the Chinese and appointed ata: q.v. and did not survive into Xak.
a xon; then) xan1:n k o d u p 'abandoned their although kagdag. k a g s l k did. Cf. 1 6:g.
xnn' (and submitted again) T 2: V I I I ff. x a n T i i r k i i vrrr k a p is common in I and 11, e.g.
o1u:rupan 'a ruler, taking the throne' I r k B k a g l m Elterig XaRan I E I I , I1 E ro: v r t ~ff.
28; 0.0. do. 34, 63: RInn. 6l(l)igler x a n l a r 6gi:pe: kapl:ga: tegii:rmi:$ 'it brouaht him
'kings and rulers' n l I11 19, 14; &l(l)ig B 6 g 6 to his mother and father' I r h R 35; o.o. do. 58
X a n 'king Biigii Xan' T T I1 6, 33; a.o. do. (26t),etc.: Uyg. vrrr k a g ~ mx a g a n $11. N 12:
lo, 88: Y m . Tiipii:t xanka: 'to the king of vrrr ff. h1an.-A y a r l a k a n q u q ~k a n a m a z 'our 1
'I'ihet' nfol. 29, 8 ; K a r a : X a n do. 30, 4 ; 37, I , nlerciful father' M I lo, 3 (of God): Rilnn. 1
prol,. the eponymous founder of the Kara- kiigliimin y a r u t u g l l k a p l m 'my father who 1
khanid dynasty; a.0.o. : Uyg. vlrr x a n occurs enlightens my mind' ll.1 I11 24, y.(ii); a.o.o.:
Ilud. Itap, often in association w. o:$, is com- I
six times in $I. referring to foreign rulers.
including T a v g a ~x a n l 'the Emperor of
China' IV 3: rx x a n k a : t a p 'serve (your) ruler'
S~rci9; a.o. do. I : V I I I ff. Man.-A u l u g 6l(l)ig
mon; e.g. (the Princess said to her father
at as^) the beg) k a g ~ mU 1121, 3 ; (if I have
sinned against) o g k e k a g k a b a x g l l a r k a 'my
mother, father, or teachers' do. 77, 16: Civ.
i
I
i
t e g r i x a n t E z r w a 'Zurv5n the great king,
the ruler of the gods' A2 I 25. 32; K a g u x a n l
'the ruler of K a ~ u 'do. 27, 6: Chr. Bl(l)i$
x a n hlaglxa t e p r i k e 'to the divine king
(Ilend.) the Messiah' I J I 6, 16-17; a.o. dn.
o g d i n k a p d l n epgil s a v e ~ i t i i r'he hears
pond news froni his mother and father' TT
V I I 35, 3: 0. Kir. 1s fl. k a g ~ mnlol. 13, 3 ;
a.o.0.
I1
7, 2: Bud. e r k l i g x a n lit. 'indepmdcnt ruler', 2 k a p onomatopoeic; ?Ilap. leg. X a k . X I
the title of the lord of the undenvorld, Sanskrit I
ka:z k a p ctti: 'tlic poose (h-ng., in error.
lirttrn U I1 33, 7 (this title had a long history
iri 'I'urkish Buddhism and still survives in
'duck') made a noise like that' (,mcr7rntn ko- 1
ddliho); it is an onomatopoeic for any such
Rlong. as r r l i , knn); (6l(l)ig b e g U I11 68, sound Kny. 1113 5 8
4--8), Cl(1)ig be$ x a n do. 11, x a n do. 16;
many o.o. in which it is often combined, 1 kl:n 'sheath, scabbard'. S.i.a.m.l.a.; although
or alternates, with 6l(l)i$: Civ. e r k l i g x a n Knj. lists both k l n and ki:n, tlic second form,
hqigi 'the threshold of Yema' Y I I 13, 33-4; which survives in S\V l'km., w n s no doubt the
0.0. do. 29, 11 ; 30, 1 5 ; T T f 60 (busug): original one. Uyg. VIII ff. Bud. k l n t n t l n yiti
slv Chin.-Uy2. Ilict. chiin ruler, p r ~ n c e ' biqekin t[arttp] 'dra~x-inghis sharp knife froni
(Giles 3,269) x a n L i ~ r t i161: X a k . XI xa:n its sheath' U I1164,9: X a k . X I k1n cof71tr'l-sajf
nl-moliktr'l-a'zam tninhtrm 'their (the Turks') an'l-sikkiiz 'the scabbard of a sword and
supreme ruler'; anyone who is descended from (sheath) of a knife'; one says k111q kl:nl: (sic)
Afrssiysh is given this title, rcahrca'l-xa:ka:n; sword scabbard' Kof. 1 3 3 9 ; kl:n same trans-
both the long and thc short forms are used lation 111 140; two 0.0. of kl:n and four of
KO$.I11 I 57; over 20 o.n. translated al-malik: ktnka:: K R (if a he, docs not make his men
Gag. sv ff. x a n nicans 'emperor' (pcidipih) love him) k111q k l n d a q l k m a z 'the sword does
and for this reason they call the emperors of not lea\-@ the scabbard' 2138; krllq k t n k a
the Turks x a n ; since the Sultans of ROm k i r s e 'if the sword is sheathed' 2144: x ~ v
are descended from the Tiirkmen people (61) M~rh.(?)(in one MS. only)Rimdtc'l-sn-vf 'sword
they call thcmselres x a n ; after they captured scabbard' kl:n hlel. 7 1 , 4 : Gag. xv ff. k ~ 'the
n
Atahistan and the HijBz thcv added to x a n sheath (tiIr5J)of a knife, sword, or the like'
the title of rt~l[Cn, n-hich mcans 'emperor' in Snn. 2 9 ~ 28 . (quotn.): X w n r . xiv ditto Qtrtb
Ar. Now in Persia governors and notables of 148: K o m . XIV ditto C C G ; Gr.: KIP. X I I I
the realm (!trrkkdm qcn n'yiin-i dntclnt) are Rilrifrr'l-soyf tcn gayrihi k m Horr. I 3, 14: xrv
called x n n ; therc can he no other reason than k l n qirdbir'l-sihkitr 'the sheath of a knife'
this for the fact that ~ v h e nthe Sultans of R a m Id. 7s: s v in Ttrlt. I I ~ I. the text should be
 MON. G N
restored as cn/ir 'sheath (kln; c i r f i 'thick') 31, 10-ko:n 01-gat 'sheep' in Argu: I11 140;
kalln. a.0. I f o q , 25 (6rii:le:-)-ko:y al-ganam; ko:y
y111: 'one of the twelve years in Turkish' III
2 kl:n (k1:ii) 'punishment, torture', and the 142; over 70 0.0.: KB koy 'sheep' 449 (bark),
like; the variations in spelling point clearly to 1412, 4353 (erkev), 4765: xlrr(?) Trf. koy,
an original form kr:iii cf. I , 2 ko:A. Survives koyun 'sheep' 21 I : xrv Muh. na'co 'ewe'
in NW I<az. klyrn 'punishment' R II 718 koyu:n Mel. 18, 11; ko:yun Rif. 97; al-
and prob. NC Iclr., I<zx.: NW I<k., Icumyk, -,fanam ko:yln 70, 14; ko:y, in margin ko:yun
Nop. klyln 'difficult, emherr;~ssing,cotnpli- 172 (adding na'ca luslr); snnnln'l-tonam
catetl'. L.-w. in PC. ant1 other lanquages, ko:yln y l l ~ :81, I ; 186: Gag. xv ff, koy koyrrn
Doerfer 111 1609. Tiirkii vrlr krynrk kog- Vel. 347-8 (quotns.) ; koy grirfnnd 'sheep' Sun.
lugqe: a y 'prescribe punishments as you think 2 9 2 ~ 3. (quotn.); koyun . . . (4) 'sheep' do. 23
fit' T 32: Uy& vltt k ~ y naydrm $11. E 2: (quotn.): Xwnr. xtrt koy 'shcep' 'Ali 19: X I V
vlrI ff. Bud. kin klzgut bereyin 'I will inflict ditto Qlctb 138 (and koyun); hfN 14 etc.;
punishment (Hend.)' U I1 26, 14; 0.0. do. Nnhc. 252, 2 : Kom. x ~ v'sheep' koy CCI,
20, I (ii) (tegiir-); U III 56, 7 ; T T VI 1-11, CCG; Gr. 198 (quotns.): Klp. XIII al-ionom
255: Civ. klyn e n s bolur 'the pain dies down' mutloqn(n) 'sheep in general' koyun . . . a[-
T T VII 22, 15 (medical); a & r klynka tegip -na'ca tigi: koyun that is 'female sheep' Hou.
'receiving severe punishment' 1JSp. 78, 16; 14, 23 ff.: X I V ko:yun a[-2onam fd. 76; al-
0.0. do. 111, ro; 115, 20: Xak. xr K B isizke -tanam koyun (al-na'ca s a g l ~ kmis-spelt)
, Bul.
b u kln b e r g e zlndSn yegi 'for the wicked 7, I I :xv 01-xorrif 'lamb' (should be al- ana am?)
this punishment: flogging and imprisonment
are best' 893; yagtz y e r kattnda klyln y6r
koyun (of-radi' (so read) kuzl:)
tigi: koyun K ~ V 61,
.. . al-na'ca
. 22 ff.; (laniyu'l-)innam
bnsa 'aftenvards he suffers punishment below 'two-year-old sheep' koyun Tuh. 1Ia. 3; &'in
the brown earth' 6140; 0.0. of k ~ y l n3818; 'sheep' koyun, koy do. 23a 8.
k l n 5548 (evlr-): xrr~(?)Trf. k ~ y l n'torture'
207: Gag. xv ff. kln crrime ue igkoncn ce 2 *ko:ii 'bosom' and the like; docs not survive
zohmot ue mn$nlrl:nt 'punishment, torture, in this form, but the close parallelism between
pain, suffering' VPI.333 (tlnotns.); krn rikoncu the later forms of this word and 1ko:ii strongly
zoo 'n476 ('punishment') Son. 299r. 26 suggest that it, too, must originally have been
(quotns.): X w a r . xtv krn 'pain, torture' ko:ii; the earliest recorded form ko:y seems
Qntb 148: Kom. xrv 'suffering, martyrdom' to exclude the possibility that it was originally
$n CCG; Gr. 206 (quotns.): O s m . XIV k m *kodun Dev. N. fr. ko:d- in the sense of '(the
torture, pain'; in two texts TTS 1458. place) where one puts things'. S.i.a.m.1.g. as
koyun withminor phoneticvariations. Tiirkii
E ~ I I in r ~ in U 1 V 38, 128
J the phr. k ~ kiizin v111 ff. Man. koylnta iiliig y a t u r 'a corpse was
is no doubt an error for klglr, as suggested lying in his bosom' M 1 6 , 3-4: Uyg. VIII ff.
in a note thercon; the supposcd Instr. form Bud, yek k m n koylnta kotiirii alip 'he
k ~ r ~quoted
ln therein is no doubt a misreading picked up and carried off the demon's daughter
of that xvord. in his bosom' U I1 25, 17; (when I reached
1 ko:A gencricnlly 'sheep', and specifically that beg) koyunlntln b i r kegde bitig iintli-
'ewe'. One of the animals of the 12-year cycle. riip 'he took a paper document out of his
An early I.-w. in Mnng. as itotri(n) (FIocnisch bosom' (and read it to,me) Suv. 6, 8 9 : Xak.
XI ko:y !tocru'l-qabd' the bosom of a robe';
6 6 ) . S.i.n.n>.l.g.; in S W Az., Tkm. goyun;
Osm. koyun; clsewhcrc normally koy. L.-w.
hence one says elig ko:yka: s u k 'thrust your
in PC. (for the Shcep Year only ?) and in other hand in the bosom of your robe' Kaf. III 142;
0.0. I 199 ( a ~ m - ) ; II 339 (karvat-); 346
languages, Docrfer 111 1590. Tiirku vrrr (my (sugllt-); I11 18, 2; 297 (sug11:-): KB (he
father the XaEan's tronps were like wolves took his son) koyuga (so read) k u ~ 'clasping a
and his mcmies) kofi t e g 'like sheep' I B rz,
II I?, I r ; koii y ~ l k a :'in the sheep year' I NE; him to his bosom' 1500; a.0. 3570 (t69ne:k):
this IS also the date in Ongin 12, misreaf by R. XIII(?)Tef. koyn (lkoyun) 'bosom' 211 : Fag.
as liii y~lka:: VIII ff. bay e r koiil: a rich xv ff. koyn (spelt) (I) bafaal 'ampit; embrace'
man's sheep' IthB 27; a.0. do. 29 (ut-); b i r (quotn.); (2) @!if 'bosom' (quotn.); also spelt
koyun Sun. 292v. 16; koyun (spelt) (I) bagel
koii 'one sheep' Trot. I V 9 ( E T Y 11 96): (quotn.); (2) Q l i g ; in both cases also spelt
Uye. V I I I koii yllka: $I[. N 9; 1V 2; a.0. do.
koyn do. 29zv. 19: X w a r . xrv koyun 'bosom'
IV 9 (kal-): vrrr ff. Man.-A Ab I 8, 8 (u:d); Qutb 139: KIP. XIII ('sheep') kogvn which
III I I , 10(i) (opiin-): Bud. (some people kill) also means 'ubbu'l-insan 'a man's bosom' Hott.
koy lagzln 'shcep and pigs' PP 3, I ; koy
ytlkr igidser 'if a man kpeps sheep and cattle' 14, 23: xrv koyun 'the space (nl-xolE') be-
do. 13, 5-in other texts the form is koyn tween the stomach and the garment'; one sass
U I I 80,60; T T I V 8, 55: Srrv. 4, 11 etc.: Civ. koynumda: besledim 'I cherished him in
in a calendar text Tir' VIII P.5, 29, etc. in the that place'; it is what people call al-trbb fd. 77:
12-animal cycle koyA (sic); elsewhere koyn xv 'ubb koyn Tuh. zga. 5.
T T VTI and 1JSp. in dating formulae; M 111 VU?F xu:n Hap. leg.; an unusual form, per-
33, 2 (ii); USp. 36, 2 ; H 1 4 2 , 138, etc.: Xak. haps Persian min 'blood' used metmph., but
XI the people of Argu: change every medial not described as O h z , which is the language
and final y to n ; thus the Turks call 'sheep' most likely to have such a I.-w. Xak. XI =:n
(01-&mom) ko:y, but they call it ko:n Kay. I 1:g al-amru'lladi ld rifq fihi 'an action with no
 compaqsinn in it'; hence one says xu:n x a r a : on a journey), 'ti, settle down' (snmcwhcre for
(sic) r$lama: 'do not act harshly' ('arnnl an itidclinitc pcrlod). S.i.a.m.1.g , wrth various
filri'l-xtrrq) Kn$. I I I 138. extended meanings; in snnlc l a n p ~ ~ a p eused s
as an I\US. V. T u r k i i V I I I ( I rnysclf) O t i i k e n
k 0 g survives it1 NC Krr./l<xx. k o g / k o g e t i y e r i g k o n m i v 'scttlrd down in the Otuken
'the thick part of the thigh'; there is also a Klr. country' T 17; 0.0. I S 5, 11 N 4 (yapru:);
phr. k o g k a r g a 'rook'; the connection bc- I S 6, II N 5 (qoQsy); II I:'.}o: vrrr fi. (a falcon)
twcrn the t\\o n~caninpsis not ohviot~s. X n k . knyn:k:~: k o n u : p a n 'scttlinp or1 a rock' I r k U
X I k o g e t 01-'n~ioln r~tino'l-ln/rm 'muscle, firm 0 4 ; a.o. do. 61 (tii$ne:k): Llyg. Y I I I f f . Ilud.
flesh' Ko?. 111 358: Gag. xv fi. k o a ('with -9') kuq kuzcrrn k o n s a 'if the h ~ r d s:~ntlravens
krrz#rrn 'raven' V P / . ~ (r!uotn.);
~~S gag (spelt) settle' (on the trees) PI' 80, 4 ; a . 0 . do. h ; n r r -
'a large hlack raven (kolnp); alqn called p u z - vari11J: k o n u k l u k t n k o n a r 'IIC \ \ I I I settle in
p u n (sir) Sotr. 262v. I 4 ; a.0. 287r. 26 ( k u z - the rcstitig place of trirwi!ro' Pjrrhl. 8, 8-9:
gu:n). Civ. (the swan has flown away and) kollge
k o n m a z 'does not settle on its lake' 7 T 1 2 1 6 :
X a k . nr k u g ko:ndl: 'the bird scttled'(rcaqn'n)
ka:n- 'to be satisfied, satiated', and the like, un something, and one says bodu:n ko:ndr:
both in a concrete and an abstract sense. 'the tribe settled down after being nortcadic'
S.i.a.m.1.g. U y g . vtrrff. Man. k o z u n u r t e k i
k i i s i i ~ l e r ik a n z u n 'may their desires in the
(itazolot . . . hn'do'l-;a'il) Koj. 111 184
(ko:na:r, ko:nma:k); 0.0. (nf birds) I 319,
present world hc satisfied' T T I X 116: a.o. 18; 11 331, 22: S I I I ( ? )A / . (birds) k a r r k a
do. 47: Bud. k o p k u s u g l e r i k a n a r T T V 24, k o n a r h a m k a f a s k a k i r u r 'settle on the
53; 0.0. U 1 2 7 , 9 ; T T V I I 40, 130 ( b u t - ) : (fowler's) wrist and enter the cage' 460: xtv
CIV. kusiiqiig b a r q a k a n t r T T I I I 5; 0.0. Rhf. k o n - (of a bird or Hy) 'to settle' R I I 532
do. 175; V I I 27, 14 etc.; su:v iqfp ka:nma:z (quotns.); Mtrh. ttozoln trrinn'l-roiril 'to settle
'when he drinks water, h e is not satisfied' 17111 down aftcr a migration' ko:n- A.2~1.32, 12-17;
I.2: X a k . SI 01 s u : v d ~ nka:ndt: hodo'a'l-roc111 Rif. I 17; a.o.o.: G a g . s v IT. k o n - ~rirrrstnn7m
~fri~tn'l-fnd' nrn mrciyn 'he quenched his thirst ~rrorrzilImrtforr 'to settle dr)wr~,to alight at an
n.ith the water and was satisfied' Kag. I I I 184 inn' Solr. zoov. I r (quotns.): X w n r . X I I I k o n -
(ka:nar, ka:nma:k); 0.0. I 377, I ; I 1 1 261, '11) scttlc down' 'Ali 30: X I V ditto grrtb 139;
13-ff. (in a grammatical section where it is fi1lV 242: K o m . xlv ditto CCC;; Gr. I O O
porntrd out that k a n a : r ( s k ) is the Aor. both . ) : s r r r snkonn i r ~ i r rsakni'l-hnyt 'to
( ~ I I U ~ I I SICtp.
of ka:n- and of kana:-): KB a r z i i m k a n t p t:lkc I I residence
~ in a housc' k o n - I90tr. 37.
'my desires heing satisfied' 591; 0.0. (with 17: X I V k o n - nozoio Id. 75; nnznlo mi~m'l-
su:v) 5516, 6035: Gag. xv ff. k a n - ( - m a g u o ) -nratrzil k o n - Btrl. 83r.: xv domhn'l-xdnr 'to
kan- Vel. 324; k a n - 'to be satisfied'(sirpdan); pitch a tent' k o n - T~th.6711. 6 ; barn 'to spend
the word is used of being satisfied with some- the niplit' k o n - do. hga. I : O s m . srv ff. k o n -
thing other than food (for which thc word is (of a traveller) 'to stop for the night'; c.i.a.p.
toy- (to:?-)), for example 'to be satisfied with TTS 1 4 8 0 ; 111 472; I V 536.
water', and sir-i ma'nd ftrdnn 'to be satisfied'
in an abstract sense Son. 2 7 6 ~ .I S (quotns.): k u n - 'to steal, carry off': n.ri.a~,l.As the vo\vcl
X w a r . ~ 1 x k1n n - 'to drink t o satiety' 'Ali 30: is s l ~ n r t-u-tnipht be expected and this is con-
S I V ditto Qrrth 130: KIP. s l v k a n - r o m i p fit-r~~cdin T T I'III. IJyB. vrrr ff. Bud.
111. 74. Sanskrit Ccrhidj,o 'carrying 'off' k u f i u p (sic)
TT I'III 11.to; (the hero Ar,ii~na) k u n u p
Pltii b a r d l 'has pone carrk-ing off' (your
krn- 'to long for (something)' and the like; dauphter) [ I 11 25, 23-4; (dccnons) k n r t n t a k r
sumives in NE Kiier., Sag.. $or krn- R I I k e n r i g k u n d a q r l a r 'mho steal t~tihornchild-
725; Khak. x r n - 'to wish; to love (someone)'. ren' rlo. 60, I (ii); o.o. do. 76, I ( t e l - ) ; T T X
It is also stated in Zenker (R. loc. cit.) that the 443, 463, 541, etc.: X a k . sr o g r t : t a v a : r
word existed in SLV Osni.; this cannot be con- k u n d ~ :'the thief carried ofT (srrlrrhrl) the pro-
firmed but see k l n t u r - . Uya. VIII ff. Bud. perty' h-oj. I 1 29 (verse; k u n a : r , k u n m a : k ) .
t u r k a r u k l n m a k k a t ~ g l a n m a k k (mistran-a
scribed kndrllnnmnkka) tiikellig b o l u p u l u e D ~ S .CNA
n ~ r v a n r gb u l m a k r b o l u r 'it is to attain the (D) k a n t : See ka:ilu:.
great nircdna by heing perfect in constantly
lonpinp and striving' U I1 46, 57-9; k e n t u ka:fiu: ( I ) Intcrrog.. '~vhich? \r hat ?'; (2)
k o ~ i i l l e r i n t i nk k t e r g e l i k r n m a k 'they must Indefinite 'some' and the like; with other
remove desire frotn their own minds' Suv. 247, Interrog. functions in ohliqire cases. 'I'he word
13-14; t a r k a r g a l t k t n m a k e r i i r 'it is a long- is cognate to k a q , k a q a n , kah:, kaltt:, knnt:
i n to ~ suppress' (all such emotions) Suv. 255, and the whole group secrns to ~o hack to an
9-10; a.0. USp. 101, 23(?): ( X a k . ? ) xrv earlier stage in the language when different
Aftrh.(?) !tornso 'to long for, covet' krn- (un- Suffs. were in use. Ka:fiu: became ka:yu: at
vocalized) R 107: Krp. xrv k r n - inhn'aln 'to a fnirly early date, but the oblique caws, which,
he aroused' %. 74 (cf. k i u r - ) . except kanqa:, are included here, retained - n -
side hy side with -y- much lorlaer, the two
*to:-, cf. ko:d- ;(of a bird) nlterr~ntinsin a rnnst confusing fashion. In
-' 'for the night one form o r another some of these words
 DIS.
s.i.a.m.l.g., but the relationship of somc kayuka b u b a k s a 'whomcver he looks at'
modern fi>rms like SW Osin./Rep. Turkish 133; kayu odte e r s e 'at whatever time it was'
hang1 'which?' to the original word is most 220; (look for yourself and see) kayual kolur
obscure. Tiirkii vlrr kanl: 'where?' I E <I, 'ahich of them you want' 239; 0.0. 251, 301,
I1 B 8-9 (1 &I); k a n t a n kelip/kellpen etc.; often repeated for 'some . . . others' e.g.
'coming from where?' I R 23, 11 R r r ) (almost kayusl k o p a r k 6 r kayusl k o n a r kayusl
the only Ah/. in -tan in 'I'iirkii): v~rrff. Man. q a p a r kBr kayu s u v iqer 'some of them (the
k ~ n y u c l a' w hcrcvcrq(?)T7'116, I I (rlarnagcd); l~irds)soar, some settle, somc swim, and some
k a n y u kigi k i m 'whoever' AT I I I 19, 13 (ii): drink water' 73; 0.0. 97, r 38, etc.-Loc. kayda
U y R rx kafiu: [jiap] 111 C 3 (ETY I1 38): and Ab1, kayudin (sir, the difference in
vrlr if. Man. kayu o l 'what is?' TI' 11 16, 36; length ?metri gratin) occur, e,g. kayudin
kayu tlnllp, tiiger 'wllat n~ortal falls' (into k o p a r k o p s a k a y d a h a r u r 'whence doe* it
the three evil ways?) M I11 44, 5 (ii): Bud. arise, and when it has arisen where does it go?'
Sanskrit yotra ,qatwi 'wherever he goes' 1834; o;o. k a y d a 1 j 4 ; kayudln 583-kanl
ka:yu:da: ba:rlp T T VIII '4.36; ko t11(?) 'where?, e.g. a n u n d l k a n i e m d i kaqgu
me 'who is mine?' ka:yu: eriir lnqip m e n q y o l u m 'where has my way of escape been pre-
do. C.13; in the 'Nidgna series', U I1 4 ff., pared?' I 170; (the rulers of the world before
k a n y u d a tilruyur 'in what circumstances you) k a n l kanqa bard1 k a m 01 kiisi 'a-here
docs it come into existence?' 6, 13-16 alter- are they? whither have they gone? where is
nates w. negiide toriiyur, same meaning, in their strength?' 5137: xrrr(?) K R V P k i m
parallel passages ; n e b a g l ~ k i nk a y u bagutqrn e r s e m u n t t e g Btermii k a n l 'has anyone
'from what beginning and with what helper?' made a book like this, and where?' 25; k a y u
U 11 9, 10-1 I ; ka(ran kayu kiln 'if some day' k e n d 'each town'(has given it a different name)
U 11 79, 54; k a y u klql 'whatever person' 26; a.o. 35: xrrr(?) KBPP (when this book
(V. in Cond.) PP I I , 4; kirn k a y u ttnltglarka reached) k a y u pSdtgah11kka w a k a y u
'to all p~ople'do. 35, 3 ; k a y u s ~ g a'for each of ~ k l i m k a'each Empire and clime' 16: At.
them' do. 6, 2; k a y u l a r ol o n 'what are those -kayu 'which' and kanilkayda 'where?' are
tcri?' T T V 20, 2; kanda: e r s e r 'wherever fairly common; Tef. k a y u 'which?'; kayu
he is' T T VIII F.7; 0.0. I'T IV 12. 45; VI . .
e r s e 'any'; kayust . k a y u s i 'some . . .
79 ( Q t l g l i g ) ~Srtv. 475, 15; 478, 16 etc.: Civ. others'-kaydalkayuda 'where?; where,
k ~ y ukigi whatever person' (V. in Cond.) wherever'-kanda d i t t e k a n l 'where?'-
T T VII 12, 5 ; 27, 1 2 etc.; k i m k a y u kigi kaydtn 'whence?' 194-8: xrv Muh. ayy kayl
s6giit t i k s e r 'if anyone plants a tree' do. 28, ka:y MeI. 5, 4; 17, 14; ka:yu:/kayu:/kay
41-2; k a y u d a bolsa 'wherever it is' USp. 17, Rif. 75, 96-ayna kanda:; min ayna k a n d l n
10; kirn k a y u (ram q a r l m ktlmazun 'let no 15, 4; 91 : Gag. xv ff. kayulkay bir kanglrr
one objcct'do. 61,p ;in TT VIIIL. the word is (quotn.)-kaydln kandrn (quotn)-kay s a r t
spclt k a y o (five trmes), ka:yo, k a y u ; kanta: kangt tarafa (quotn.) Vel. 3261; k a n d a
'when' (V. in Cond.) do. 11: Xak. XI (after 'where?' (and 'in 'blood') San. 277V 20
1 ko:ii, q.v.) and the Turks say ka:yu: ne:D (quotn.); k a n d t n 'whence ?' (and 'from blood')
oyy lay' 'what thing?' and they (the people of do. 22 (quotn.); k a y Interrog. Pron. kudrim
Argu:) say ka:nu: Koy. I 31, 14-ArRu: X I 'who?' (quotn.), also pronounced kayu; also
kanu: a Particle (!mrJ) meaning oyy; hence one used for kricd 'where?', e.g. k a y d a d u r 'where
says kanu: kfgi: 'what person?', thc -n- being is it ?' 281r. 18; k a y b i r 'every one' (quotn.)
chanprd fr. -y- I11 237--Xak. xr kayu: do. 27; k a y d a 'where?' do. 29 (quotn.); kay-
alternative form (Itrga) of xayu: (I-lap. leg.; d l n 'whence?' 281 V. I (quotn.); kaysl kuda-
n.m.e.) the k- bcing chanprd fr. X - ; the Okuz min 'which of them?' do. 5 (quotn.); kayu
and I<tp~nk,who are a section (fahnqa) of the (spelt) kud6m do. 1 2 (quotns.); kayr (spelt)
jl Xalaq changc k into x and say x i z t m 'my ditto do. 15-kanr 'where?' 27th. 14 (quotns.):
1 daughter' while the Turks say klzlm; and
thry say xantla: e r d i g 'where (ayna) have you
X w a r . xrrr k a y d a 'whrre?'; kaysrgtz 'which
of you ?'; kanl/kanda 'where?'; k a n d t n
1
been?' while the Turks say kanda: erdig III 'whence?' 'Ali 17,32: xrv k a y u 'who? which?'
218 (misplaced, among words with -t- as the Quth 129; kanl, k a y d a , k a n d l n do. 128, 131;
second consonant) ;d u g mig kayu: tiimen1e:r p y d a AfN r r r , etc. ; Nahc. 343, 4; k a y a
'several thousands and some tens of thousands' wherever' MN I I I : Kom. xlv kayln 'who ?';
111 367, lo--ka:nt:/kani: a Panicle meaning k a y s ~ 'which (Relative); which?'; k a y d a
'where?' (aytm); one says o g l u m kanl: b h e r e 'where; where?'; k a y d a n 'whence?'; k a y m a
is my son?' III 237; a.o. do. (1 bu:)-kanda: 'any' CCI, CCG; Gr. 189(quotns.): K i p xrv

'i an Interrog. Particle of place meaning 'where?';

nne says kanda: e r d i g 'where hare you heen ?'.
(under kanqa) kayda: and kanda: also mean
ayna, and in T k m . k a r u , a crasis of k a y

;
the -n- changed fr. -y-, kayda:, originally ybrke: id. 75; kayl: ayy do. 76; ayna kanda:
kayu:da: I 418; 0.0. 111 218 (above); III 173 Bul. 15, 12: xv ayna kayda: Kaw. 16, 15;
(helow); 1 46, 20; I11 69, 2-kayu:da: 1 99, Tuh. ga. 4 (a.o.0.)-fi ayna k a n ~(in margin
26 (agruk); $18 (above); 111 173 (beIow)- h a m ) 28a. 4 (a.o.0.)--qvy k a y s ~65b. 7; 89b.
kayda: a Partlcle meaning 'where ?'; hence one 4: O s m . xrv ff. the word equivalent to ka:iiu:
says kayda: e r d i g 'where were you?', alterna- is kangllkanki; other fomls noted are k a n d a ,
tive forms kanda: with -n- and kayu:da: k a n d a n , k a n i ; c.i.a.p.; kayda is noted only
I .
III 173; o.o. 1 5 2 , I I ; 418 (above): K B k a y u once, in xlv T T S I 410ff.; 11 572 ff., 604;
IS common, usually as a Relative, e.g. III 401 ff. ; I V 460 ff.
1'
 D I S , v. CND- 635
Doerfer 111 1532. Xak. X I kanqrk 'hitch' (al- (sap-), 183 (saptur-): KB 3005 (1 er):
-kaiba); and when a woman is ahused (srrbbaf) xrrr(?) Tef. k a n a t 'wing' 197: xrv Muh.0) 01-
she is compared t11 one and called kanqrk -can* ka:nat Mel. 4 , r g ; 73, 8 ; Rif. 75; r7q:
(MS.,in errcir, kr:nyrh) KO$.I 475; a.o. I I 88 Gag. xvff. kanat (1) bdl-i ~uyiir'a h~rd'swlng ;
(Ill$-): CaE. xv ff. k a n q ~ k(sprlt) sag-i mddn (2) dcmana-i xayma 'the wall of a tent'; (3)
'a hitch'; in Rrimi used more ccnrrally for the xayma-i oldyriq 'a felt tent' San. 2 7 7 ~15 (the
femzlle of any anikal Son. 277v 20: Kom. xrv last two phr. arc prima facie metaph. tncanin~s
'\,itch' kanqrk CCG; Gr.: KIP. x ~ r rrrl-kalhn of this word, hut there may he some confu-
kanqr:k ( - 6 - ) Ilorr. 11, 10: u ~ vkanyuk (-c-) sion with Ar. qnnd(l), properly 'a reed', but
ditto id. 74; n111. lo, 12: xv kar~yrkis onc of with some other[meanings a sa I.-w. in Pe.):
several words translating 'dog' Tirh. 3011. 12. Xwar. xrv k a n a t 'wing' Qutb 130: Kom.
xrv 'wing' x a n a t C C G ; GI.: KIP. xrrr 01-
C kanqok IIap. leg ; crasis o f kanqa: and -candh ka:nat Hold. 10, 19: xrv k a n a t ditto
2 ok. Xak. kanyok k a ~ a : r01 tuta:r fd. 75; ~ ~Iz,16: .xv ditto T U ~I. I ~5..
'wherever he flies to, (we) catch him' Kaj. I
195, 4; n.m.e. D konat (konot) Active Dev. N. fr. ko:n-;
n.0.a.b. Xak. XI k o n a t 'any group (iirm) of
F k u n g u : ~the Chinese ~ h rh, u n ~clzll 'daughter people who bunch together (taIa6bada) with
of the emperor' (Giles 6,568 ( q . ~ . )2 ~ 2 6which
)~ one another'; hence one says 01 m e n l o
reached the Tiitkii when actual (or more often kona:tim (sic) ol 'he is one of the group
alleged) daughters of the Chinese Emperor (cumlo) of those who hunch together with me'
were sent as brides to favoured xagans. It soon jyaJ. 1357: KB (be to the poor and
.came to be used for 'consort, wife', even when they will intercede for you; do not ask them
neither husband nor wife were in fact royal. for wealth in yanutl bayat bbrge
N.o.a.b., but also noted in Pe., Doprfer I11 edgii konut (?konot) ' ~ will ~ give
d You in
1585. Tiirkii VIII (their ruler was Bars Reg) return good fompanions (in paradise)3 4471.
x a k a n atrE bunta: biz bhrtimiz, slgllm
kunquyu:g bertlmlz 'we thereupon gave him D kanta, k a n t i n See ka:nu:.
the title of xagan and my younger sister as con- kandlr leg. Xak' kand'r Ithe mern-
sort' I E 20, 11E r7; (my mother, the brane on the flesh (of a slaughtered beast,
nly stepmothers, my elder sisters, my cildu31-lahm) which remains after the hide
daughters-in-law) k u n q u y l a r ~ m 'my con- which is suitable for tanning has been stripped
sorts, I 9: vrlr fT. (a . . . came to his
residence) iiqii:nc k u n p : y ~ :ur1:lanmi:g 'his it' K a ~ ' 457-
third wife had given birth to a son' IrkB 5:
Man. (in a list of dignitaries, etc.) kunquylar
? kagdag Hap. leg.; N. of Assn, fr. kag;
half-brother', son of the same father and
the royal consorts' TT 1 18, 64; (in a similar a different mother. Cf. Bgdeg. T h e word
list) t e ~ r i k e n kunguy 'the devout royal kadag seems superfluous, andis perhapsa gloss
consort' M I11 36, 4 (ii): Yen. k u n ~ u : often
~, incorporated in the text. Xak. xr kagdag
in the phr. k u ~ d a :k u n ~ u : ~ l 'my
m consort kadag(sic) banC1l-'alldt 'half-brothers with the
in the women's apartmentsy (see 1 ~ u Y ) ,is same father8Kag. 111382 (prov.).
included in the standard list of persons from
whom thc deccascd is parted hy death Mnl. 27, kunduz 'beaver'. S.i.a.m.1.g. including Cuv.
z etc.: Uyg. vrrr ff. slzler l u xnnc kunquyl x a n t a r , Ash. XVI 340. I,.-w. in Pe. etc.,
m u sizler 'are you consorts of the dragon Doerfer 111 !534. Uye. VIII ff. Bud. (there
king?' P P 4 3 , 3-4; iqlig kunquylar 'pregnant were three fr~ends,an ape, a Siberian panther,
wivcs' T T X 37-8; a.o. U I I I 54, 5 (11 23, 19, and) kunduz 'a heaver' U I V 44, 6; a.o.0.:
kil-): Civ. (if a child is misplaced) kayu Civ. kunduz kayrri 'castnreum' H I rzg:
kunquylarnrg karnrrrta 'in the womb of any Xak. xr kunduz a[-qudd'a uca hiya kalbatu'l-
married woman' TT VII 27, 15; a.o.? kunqr -md' 'a heaver', that is aquatic dog: kunduz
T T I 156 (ut11:lrg): 0. Klr. IX ff. as in kayri: al-xazmiydn mina'l-adzuiya (MS. al-
l'iirkii 6 1 1 ff. Yen.: Xak. X I kunqu:y 01- -&rmiydn mina'l-arcdijta) 'castoreum', a kind
-sayyida mina'l-nisd 'a noblewoman' one step pf drug Kaf. 1458: F a g . xv ff. kunduz (spelt)
(bi-daraco) below the xdlrin; hence one says beaver' (sag-i ebi), the fur of which is sewn
ka:tu:n kunqu:y Kaj. 111240. on the edge of caps and coats, and used to make
fur-coats; 'castoreum' (czmd-i bidastar) is its
DIS. GND secretion (quotn.); (also a geog. Name); kun-
kanat ( ?kana:d) properly ,a bird,s wing,, but d u z k a y r l 'the secretion of the beaver called
also used in extended senses like 'a fin mnd-i bidastar' Sun. z91r. 26; a.0. 7 6 ~ .2
;he fly of a tent3, etc., and even abstractly fo; ( o ~ u ~Xwar.
): kunduz 'beaver' Qufb '44.
protection' and the like. S.i.a.m.l.g.; in SW
Az. g a n a d ; Osm. k a n a t (before vowels . CND-
D ~ S V.
kanad-); Tkm. ga:nat. L.-n. in Fe. etc., D kanat- Caus. f. of kana:-; 'to make (some-
Doerfer I11 1531. Tiirkii V I I I ff. IrkB 35 thing) bleed'. S.i.s.m.1. Uyg. vrrr ff. Civ. (the
(ur-): Man. (the heat of the sun will come patient must be given various beverages and)
down on you and) senlo kanatlgln kiiyiirgey ka:n ka:na:tmlg kere:k 'must be bled' TT
'hum your wings' M I11 23, 3 (ii): Xak. X I VIII 1.24 (text damaged, the tentative readinq
k a n a t al-cnndh 'wing' Kaa. I 357; 0.0. II 3 ko:na:rm~$ is no doubt an error): Xak. XI 01
 a n l g h u r n t n k a n a t t t : 'he made his nose bleed' ninht', etc. S.i.a.rn.l.g. 'Tiirkii V I I I k o n t u r m ~ ~
(ndmd) KO?. II 313 ( k a n a t u : r , k a n a t m a : k ) ; 'thev settlcd' (the peoplr castwards as far as
b u o t 01 b u r u n k a n a t g a : n 'this drug makes the I<ad_rrkan mnuntairr forest arid westwards
the nose hleed constantly' (mrtrn"if) I S I S ;a.0. as far as the lrnn (;at?) I fr' 2, II R 4 ; am. I E
1 1 3 2 3 , 6 ( k a n a : - ) : Gag.xv ff. k a n a t - Caus. f . ; z r , 111.: 1 8 : vrrl ff. (a ,van wrnt to war, h r con-
xrin rilrid knrdnn 'to niake blood-stained' Snit. qucrrd the cnrriiy and) k6qii:rii: kontu:ru:
,.
277r. ..
18 (nuntn.). , keli:r 'ct)ir~csIincli rn:~kinnthen1 rnirrrate a n d
srttlc (,)ti thc land)' 1 r k l j 3 4 : Xnk. xr ol
L) k a n l t - llap. ICE.; Caus. f. nf kd:n-; cf. evinde: k u ~k o n t l u r t l ~ : 'llr made the Ilird
kantur-. Xak. e g d i : 01 e r i g k a n l t g a : n pcrc11 (rrwqo'o) in hir t i l , ~ ~ s cnntl' ; one snvs ol
praise al\\-a?.s makes that man cheerful' nltu:n iize: . - kon(lllr[Il: 'Ilc srr (mrsa'n)
(mrrhizzn) Kay. I 515; n.m.e. the turuur,ise in cnld': also r ~ - r dfor anv't'hinn
1) k l n a t - taus,of 2 kina:- ; sllrvires in NE
f,
tI1at tq i r t if) ~ o m c t h / r l pKllf I 1 192 k o n z
Tel, klynat- II 696, Xak, bet! d u r u r , k o n d u r m a : k ) : G a b x\.fT. k o n d u r -
klnattl: ,the beg ordered that he should he C m s . f.; tripinclrzrt 'to settle ( p e o p l ~ ) ' ~ Y a29ov.
n.
(bi-.iq8billi) Keg, II 313 (klnatu:r, 25 (quotn.): X w a r . u ~ vk o n d u r - 'to reccive
k1natrna:k). as ;i p c s t ' Qw/b 140: K o m . X I V ditto CCG;
Gr. 199 (cluotns.): O s m . x ~ I vT. ditto; fairly
D k o n a t - (konot-) lIap. leg.; an unusual c.i.a.p. T T S 1 4 8 0 ; I11 4 7 1 ; I V 5 3 6
Caus. f. of ko:n-. the form oerhaps influenced
by k o n a t , q.v. Cf. k o n i u r - . ' X a k . xr 01 T'ris. CNU
8:zige: k o n u m k o n a t t ~ :asknna lrawla baytihi
'njira rcqa man Ialnhbar~ahilrim roo yu'inrthum VIII) kondl:gu: f l a p . leg.; N.I. fr. kond1:-.
'he settled round his residence a group of X a k . XI k o n d ~ : a u :nl-n~idrcos'whetstone' and
people who bunched together, and h e helped the like K a j . I qy I .
them' Kay. II 313 ( k o n a t u : r , k o n a t m a : k ) . 1) k n n n t l ~ gP . N . / A . fr. k n n a t ; 'having wings'.
I'CT kond1:- Ilap. leg.; not quite svn. ~ vbile:-, , S.i.s.ni.l.g. with tninor phonctic chnngcs.
rtc. X a k . xr 01 k r l l ~k o n d l : d ~ : calZ'l-sayf 'I'iirkii v r ~ rtf. a1tu:n k n n n t l l g t a l r m k a r a :
hi'l-midrctls 'he polished the sword with a k u m ~ e n 'I arn n predatory(?) enple with
whetstone' Kaj. III 277 ( k o n d x r , kond1:- golden wings,' I r k B 3 : (Xnk.) xrrr(?) Trf.
ma:k). k a n a t l u 'havrng . . . wings' 198.
I) k a n t u r - Calls. f. of k a : n - ; 'to satisfy,
satiate'. S.i.a.m.l.g. with some extended mean-
i n ~ s . U y g . V I I I ff. Bud. kogiiltekl kiisiigin D k n n a t l a n - Rcfl. I k n . V. fr. k a n a t ;
k a n t u r g a l ~ s a k ~ n s a r 'if he contemplates s.i.s.m.l. tiienning I,~)th literally 'of n bird, to
satisfying the desires in his mind' PP 14, 5-6; grow wings', and mctaph. 'to hurry away, take
similar phr. U 11129, 19; I V 44, zq ( k u n n q ) ; ming'. X a k . xi e r k a n a t l a n r l ~ :'the man had
Hijen-ts. 2 8 t ; T T V I I 40, 87-91; U S p 104, a fiery (fririho) horse, flew (f&o) on it, or was on
6 ; 106, 25: X a k . XI 01 men1: s u v k a : k a n - the point of going (afrqfn 'nld'l-cjnhdh) to his
t u r d l : 'he satiated me (mrcrcdni . ma . destination'; and onr says k u $ k n n a t l n n d c
nh&z'nni) with water'; originally k a n d u r d l : ; 'the bird prew winys' K t t ~ .11 267 ( k a n a t -
also used of other things besides water Kaj. lanu:r, kannt1nnrna:k).
11 192 ( k a n t u r u r , k a n t u r m a : k ) : Fa& xv ff.
k a n d u r - CBIIS.f.; 'to satisfy' (sir hardan) in the Dis. CNC
senye of 'to satintc with water' and in an ahstmct
senye Son. 277r. 4: X w a r . xrv ditto Quth 130: D katta:g I lap. leg.; N.Ac. fr. kana:-; 'blood-
KIP. xlv k a n d u r - arrcd ,$aymhrt fd. 74: xv Icttinp'. U y g . v111 ff. Civ. T T V I I 42, 3
mforcsd k a n d l r - Ttrh. 1 7 b 9. (tamar).
D k ~ n t u r -Caus. f. of k ~ n ;- 'to arouse desires I) * k a n a k D r r . N. fr. *kaii.; 'the skin on
(in someone)' and the like. Survives i n some milk, clotted cream', and the like. 'l'he later
N E languages and until recently in SW Osm. form of such a xvord might 1~ expected to be
Uyg. VIII ff. Bud. (well-disposed people who *+ynak, but it is in fact k a y m n k which
preach the MahHylna doctrine and) b u r x a n s.l.a.m.1.g. C.-w. in Pe., etc. lloerfir I I I 1417.
k u t q a k ~ n t u r g a l l 'make them desire the X a k . x i k a y a k 01-daroriya 'the skin on milk'
divine favour of Buddha' T T V 22, 1 9 ; k m - K a ~ .I11 167 (verse); 3.0. 111 32, 3 ( b q r l l - ) :
t u r u r e r d i a r u k t l t s l l a r ~ eg r t i n i l i g o t r u g k a Argu:. B u l g a r xr k a n a k 01-dnru&w, with
'he inspired the weary disciples to long for the -n- suhstituted for -y- I 383: xlv hfrrh.(?)
island of jewels' Hiien-ts. 1914-15: KIP. X I V qnjtntrr'l-lahan 'cream on the top of milk'
k ~ n d u r -hn'afa dayrahu 'to arouse, o r incite, k a y m a : g iTf.-l. 66, 9 (one &IS. onlv): Gag.
someone' Id. 75: O s m . xlv to early xlx kxn- xv ff. k a y m a k 'a thin skin (pardo) which
d u r - I k ~ n d l r -'to arouse. o r incite (someone) forms o n the surface of milk'; in Ar. ira!d! and
to d d (something ~ n t . ) ' ; 'c.i.a.p. TTS I q599f ragrun and in Pe. tri Son. 281 v. 8: X w a r . xlv
I I 6 2 7 ; 111446; Ib'511. k a y m a k 'cream' Qttth 128: KIP. s r v k a y m a k
'cream (01-qoj!) on the top of milk' Id. 77:
I)k o n t u r - Caus. f. of ko:n-; 'to settle (people xv 01-qnjtn k a y m n k A-11~9.63, r ;qajt k a y m a k
somewhere); to p u t (someone) u p for the Trth. z9a. 4.
D k a n l g n.0.a.b.; prima facie a Uev. N. fr. 'panicled millet' (Giles 904) k o n a k Ligeti 168;
ka:n-; the translation 'cheerfulness, satisfac- R 11 535: Xak. xr konak a[-cdwars 'millet'
tion' suits this etymology well, but in IrkB Kap. I 3x4 (prov.); 0.0. III 167, 7 (mis-spelt
it obviously nieans some kind of animate koyak); 347, 18: X I V Rbg. (their tears turned
creature and may have this second meaning into) konak 'millet seeds' R 11 535 (quotn.):
also in Kay., perhaps 'a favourite, a favourite Fa@. xv ff. konaglkonak ( I ) cdwars San.
horse', or the like. Tiirkii V I I I ff. kanlgl: 291r. 17.
iilrnlg kiige:kl: (sic, read kiine:ki:) togmi:$
kanlgr: neliik olgey 01 begl1:g 01 k6ne:ki: 1) 2 konaklkonuk (konok) from an early
neliik toggay 01 kiinegke: 01u:ru:r 'his period both (1) 'a guest, a person who cornes
Izonrg has died and his pail has frozen. Why to stay', and (2) 'the place where one settles
should his kant5 die? It belongs to a beg. Why down (usually ior a short time), lodging' and
should his pail freeze? It sits in the sunshine' the like. S.i.a.ni.l.g., in NE k o n o k / k o n ~ k ;NC
I r k B 57: Xak. X I kanlg a/-arynltiya 'cheerful- Klr. konok; elsewhere normally konak; SW
Osm. seems to be alone in having both konuk
ness, satisfaction'; tutql: y a g a r bu11:tr: a l t u n
t a m a r a r l g aksa: anrg akr:n~: kandl: 'guest' and konak 'guest; inn; large house,
official residence' and even 'a day's stage in
m e n i g k a n l g it describes the generosity of the
queen and says 'the cloud of her generosity a journey'. L.-w. in Pe., etc. DoerfeT I11 1539.
rains pure gold; if her stream flow over me my Uyg. V I I I ff. Man.-A kaltl konak(k)a olur-
cheerfulness (no,@?) is complete, and I draw s a r 'when he sits down at a stopping-place'
drafts of happiness' (rawitu mina'l-surrir) Krij. M 111 12, 6 (iii): Xak. X I konuk of-dayf
I 376 (there is an obvious pun between the 'guest' Kay. 1 3 8 4 (verse); 0.0. I 4 5 (aglriig);
physical clouds and the clouds of generosity 46 (1 0 : ~ )85, ; 4; 517, 19; II 312 (tiinet-);
and there may be a parallel pun between a klg konukl: o:t 'wlnter hospitality (diy*) is
physical kanrg which has been satisfied and a fire' 1 3 3 ~ ~K9B: kegigli konuk 'the passing
the abstract meaning). guest' 817; 0.0. 3529, 5844; yagll s u v krzll
o t k a bolrnaz konuk 'green water does not
L) k ~ n r gN./A. Ac. fr. krn-; 'longing, desire', hecome the guest (or lodging?) of red fire'
and the like. N.u.a.h. Uya. v ~ r rff. Man. 2250: xrrl(?) Tef. konuk 'lodging; guest' 212:
(having eyes like copper and) krnlg [gap] Z'T xrv Rb#. konukka b a r u r m e n 'I am going
I X 63: Bud. (if the 13uddhas look on anyone visiting' R I1 340; Muh. 01-dayf konuk Mel.
they become honest(?) in their speech, good 38, 17; 65, 10; Rif. 126, 164: g a g . xvff.
and gentle in their minds, and) k a t l g k m ~ g k o n a g konuk ya'ni manzil . . . wa mihnuin
sakrnqllg 'with thoughts of strong long- 'lodging; guest' Vel. 345 (quotn.); k o n a g l
ing' U 111 73, 17 (mistranscribed kapj(?)); k o n a k (2) mihmcin San. 291r. 17 (quotn.):
krnlg kii~iilliig arvlgln s i d s a d a n k111p Xwar. xlv konak 'guest; night's lodging'
'performing the ceremony of siddhisddhana Qtitb 139; k o n u k 'guest' do. 140; Nahc. 235,
(obtaining magical power) by a dhdroni of 4; 253, 12: KIP. X I I I al-dayf kona:k (MS.
longingthouphts' U I Vzz, 268; 0.0. do. 38,132; kana:k) Hort. 32, 9: xrv k o n u k al-dayf Id. 74:
48, 83; yiti klnlg tiiliikte t u r u p 'standing xv ditto k o n a k Kav. 23, 19; Tuh. 23a. 9 (in
under the pressure of sharp desire' S ~ i v615,6.
. margin 'also with -u-'): O s m . xrv ff. konak
'dwelling, lodging', etc. ;konuk 'guest'; c.i.a.p.
D konaklkonuk (konok) Preliminary note. TTS 1479,480; 11647; 111470-3; I V 535-7;
There is no reasonable do~tbtthat e~ymologically k o n a k 'guest' 111470: XVIII konaglkonak . . .
(3) in R~imi,also 'house, palace (sard), resting
fhe tcords meaning 'millet' and 'gupst' and the place' San. 291r. 17.
like are identical, both represrnting an Intrans./
Pass. Dev. N. fr. ko:n-, in the first case in the D k u n u k Hap. leg.; Dev. N. fr. kun-;
sense of 'something planted in the ground'. Both 'robber'. Xak. xr K B (some men spend their
became early I.-w.s in Mong. as konok (konob) life in the army. . . some grow old in fortresses)
k a y u o g r i tevlig k a r a k q ~k u n u k 'some are
(Haenisch 66, Kow. 868), and survive in the thieves, cunning brigands, and robbers' 1737.
same forms in nlodern langtmagrs, but it is more
convenient to list them separately. D kongu: Hap. leg.; Dev. N. fr. ko:n-. Uyg.
vrrr ff. Man.-A (in the monasteries) a n g
D 1 konak (konok) some sort of cereal, y a r u k kiigliig vrhgtilernig k o n g u s ~'the
originally 'millet', of which there are several dwelling-place of pure, bright, mighty angc,lq'
kinds, but now sometimes used for other sons. (Iranian I.-w.) M 1 2 7 , 33-j.
The normal Ar. word for 'millet' is 01-du.un
(see iiyiir, tarig), a/-cljfunrr is a 1.-w. fr. Tris. G N ~
Persian gzeuars, also 'millet', perhaps of a D kana:@: N.I. fr. kana:-; 'lancet'. N.0.a.b.;
fifferent kind. Survives in NE Tuv. xonak completely displaced by I.-w.s, usually Persian
Timothy grass'; SE Tiirki konak 'maize'; ni$tri+. Xak. xr kana:&: al-rnibdu' 'lancet'
fJC,Ktr. konok 'Italian millet' (in some places Kap. 1447: xrv Mzrh. a l - m 4 r ~ ditto ? kana:gu:
mane; sorghum'); SC Uzb. kfinok ditto; Mel. 62, 7 ; Rif. 160.
NW Kk. k o n a k 'a particular kind of millet'.
Uyg. V I I I ff. Civ. konak men1 'millet flour' D kan1:kx: Map. leg.; N.1A.S. fr. kanl:
H I 6 7 , 94; konak tiigisi 'husked millet' T T (ka:iiu:); 'situated where?'. Xak. XI (the light
VII 14, 17 and 79: xrv Chin.-Uyi. Dict. chi of my eyes has gone and taken my soul with
 TRIS. C N ~ ;
him) knntla: erinc kanr:k~:oyrm hnwa al-611 hcrause it uscrl cnrtc, or \\hcthcr, aq is more
'where is lie now?', lit. '\I hrrc can he be, and proh., carts wrre so mllr<l I>ccnusethe I<aql~:,
where situated?' Koy. 1 4 6 , 20. a western trilx, were thc fl-st 'l'utks to risc
thcm, see Clauson, "The Name Uygur',
D konuklug P.Pi./A. fr. konuk (2 konak); J.R.A.S., 1963, p. 147. As such n.o.a.h., but
n.o.a.b. Xak. xr konuklug ev 'a house con- a later form kana:, which perhaps catile into
t a i n i n ~guests' (nciyrif) Koj. 1498. rxistrncc owinp to a f;~lscetylnolopy, see O t .
1) konukluk A.N. (and Conc. N.) fr. k o n u k below, still survives in Nl*: I<nq., Koib., Sag.
(2 konak); sur\~ircsin NE Dar. konrkllk R II 80 arrd I<hak. Elsewhere it has been com-
'a day's journey'; S W Osm. konakltk 'hos- pletely displaced hy I.-a.?, usunlly nraba, a
pitality; a guest-chnn~her'; 'I'kn~. g o n a k l ~ k corruption of Arnl)ic 'nrrd(ln, scr S(??I. 3 6 ~ 6.
.
'the status of guest'. Uyg. V I I I ff. Bud. Pfahl. Uyk. ~ I I ff.I Dud. Sanskrit jnhrrfa 'rvagon'
8, 8-9 (ko:n-): Xak. X I konukluk ev bayru'l- ka:pll T7' VIII A.4; r/~thn'chariot' ka:pli
-diyGfa 'a guest house' Kaj. 1504; a.o.1274, 18 do. A.34; the word is fairly conimon meaning
!&rd 'entertainment'): K B konukluk a91 'a (royal) carriage' U 11 22, 7; 'a wagon for
food given in entertainment' 4574: xrv Muh. carrying goods' U I11 40, 28 (urtur-); more
(under 'food and drink') al-da'tua 'invitation' generally 'wheeled vehicle' T T V 26, I 15-16
konukluk Mel. 65, 9; Rij. 164 (mis-spelt (boyunduruk); Suv. 133, 20 (ti1ge:n); 625,
konrc:luk): Gag. s v ff. konagluk (sic) mihmdni 5 etc.; in fiiien-ts. 2119-zr ( s I ~ u : ~it) trans-
'hospitality' San. 291 r. 19: X w a r . xrv konuk- lates Sanskrit ydna 'vehicle': Civ. kapfr
l u k ditto Qutb 140: Kom. xrv 'inn' konaklrk 'a wagon for carrying goods' IJSp. 55, 24;
C C I ; Gr.: Krp. xrv konukluk al-4iydfa fd. 92, 6 ; ka@ yo11 'a road for wheeled \~ehicles'
74: O s m . xrv ff. konukluk is noted as mean- do. 107, 20; 116, 5 : S I V Chin.-Uyg. Dict. ch'E
ing 'hospitality', and, until xvr. 'the status of 'wheeled vchicle' (Gilrs 57f) kapll I.igeti 161 ;
guest' T T S I1 648; 111474; 111538. R U 84: Xak. XI kapll: a wagon (01-'acolo)
for carrying heavy loads': KRIJ~I:'the name of
T r i s . V. CNC- n great man among the K~pyak'KO$. III 379:
xrv Rhg. kapli 'carriage; wagon' R II 84
(D konak1a:- in a grammatical para., 111347. (quotns.): Cag. xvff. kanklr/kapli (both
K a ~ .says that morphologically as a Dev. V. spelt) 'armda qua gordritt 'wagon; chariot'; also
fr. 1 konak this 1 . could be used in such phr. the name of a tribe (tA'ryn) of Turks Son. 278r.
'
as a t konak1n:dl: 'the horse ate millet', but 4 (quotn. ; an account of the origin of the name,
that in fact it did not exist.) quoted fr. the Oittz Ncinro, seems to be a
D konuk1a:- Den. V, fr. k o n u k (2 konak); stimrnary of that in 02.): X w a r . XIII(?)in
'to entertain (a guest)'. Survives in SW Osm. Og. 277 ff. there is a story of a man who made
Xak. X I b e g meni: konuk1a:dl: 'the beg and loaded kanga, 'wagons', leading up to the
(etc.) entertained me' (adcifani); and in lan- invcntion by Oguz Xan of the tribal name
guages other than Okuz it means 'to spend the K a n g a l u g (sic): KIP. xrrr 'the wagon' (af-
n i ~ h t(ynbif) in a house against the wishes -'ocalo) on which grain is loaded (arabn:; also)
(korha(n)) of its owner' Kaf. III 339 (konuk- knplr: Hou. 9, 13: xrv kanll: (?representing
In:r, konuk1a:ma:k; verse); a.o. 347, 19: k~g11:)a/-'ocolo, the sort whicl~is loaded, not
XIII(?)Te/ konukIa- ditto 213: XIV Muh. 'spccd', opposite to nl-btr!' 'slo\vness' fd. 75.
o<lrifa ko:nukIa:- Mel. 22, 13; Rif. 103; 01-
-diyfiJo k o n u k l a m a k 38, 17; 126: Xwar. xrv D ka:nltg P.N./A. fr. 1 ka:n; 'blor~dy,blood-
konakla-/konukla- 'to receive as a guest' -stained', with preceding qualifying word-
Qrrfb 140: Kom. xrvditto konnkla- C C I ; Gr. 'having . . . blood'. S.i.n.m.1.g. w. ~ n i n o r
(CCG kondur-): KIP. xrrr dayyofa mina'l- phonetic changes. Uyg. VIII ff. Man. kanllg
-!fiwiJa konukla:- (MS. knnoh1a:-) Hou. 41, (PU) b a p n a t e g k a r a k t 'his eyeballs like
2 0 : xlv konukln- a d f i fd. 74: xv ditto a bloody?' M II 11, 17-18: Bud. U I V 34,
konakla- Tuh. ga. I I : Osm.xrv ff. konukla- 52-3 (tiirtiin-): Xak. xr ka:nllg, not spe-
'to entertain as a guest'; c.i.a.p. T T S I 482; cifically translated, occurs in two proverbs
KO?. 1 7 0 , 24; 11143. 2; n.m.e.: Gag. xv ff.
11648; 111473; I V 538.
.
k a n l ~ g / k a n l ~xrinin
k . . knnlrr mn'niistno . . .
D *kafiaklan- See kayaklan-. bir daxr x b t i ya'ni Ron eylrmlj 'blood-stained;
bloody; bleeding' Vel. 324: kanlrg ( I ) xiinin
1) konuklag- Hap. leg.; Recip. f. of konuk- (quotn.); (2) xlinsrctih 'bloodthirsty'; in Ar.
In:-. Xak. xr ola:r ikki: konuklagdl: 'they f d i b !dr (quotn.); (3) qotil rua xtini 'murderous,
entertained (adafa) one another' Kal. 11 258 bloody' (quotn.) Son. z78r. 10: Kom. xrv
(konukla$u:r, konukla9ma:k; follou-ed by 'bloody' kanli CCG: Gr.
a note saying that this V. and salunlag- are
the only two V.s of this form fully conjugated; DF xanlrk A.N. fr. xa:n; s.i.s.ni.l. meaning
others are used only in the Ger. in -u: to state (I) 'a kingdom'; (2) 'the position of xan'.
the stake in a bet). T u r k u vrrr ff. xanllk siisi: 'the army of the
kingdom' IrhB 63 (un-): Uyg. V I I I ff. Civ.
D ~ S .CNL (in n liqt of pavments tnostly of tnxcs) y a n a
knglr: 'wagon, cart, carriage', and the like. x a n l ~ ktbp y i r l r n bbz b k r t i m 'I also gave
There is also a Trihal Name Kaglr: and it is an half a roll of cloth, ns payment to the xan'
open question whether the tribe was so called USp. 38, 16: Xwnr. XIV xnnltk 'sovereignty,
 DIS.

t reign' Q ~ l 54: b Kom. xlv 'kinfidnm, Linp5hip'

x a n l ~ k / x a n l ~Cx: G ; Gr. 102 (quotns.).
D k ~ n l l k(klfillk) A.N. (Conc. N.) fr. 2 kl:n;
DIS. CNR
klglr 'crooked', originally of the eyes in the
sense of 'squinting', and hence 'angry (look-
survives in NC Klr. klylndtk 'hardship, ing)'; later used more generally in such con-
difficulty'. Uyg. vr11 ff. Bud, klnllkta yatsun texts as 'curved (sword), crooked (road)', and
'let him lie in priqon' PP 63, 4 ; a.0. do. 63, 6 ; the like. S.i.a.m I.g., in NE k ~ y l rR 11 719.
klnllkta k i r i p 'being put in prison' Kuan 37. Uyg. v r ~ rff. Bud. (the king, his eyes suffused
with blood, looked at the maral deer) ki~!lr)
D koiillg P.N./A. fr. 1 ko:fi; 'owning sheep'. k o z h 'with angry eyes' U I V 38, 128 (see note
S.i.s.m.1. with the same phonetic changes. regarding omission of ( ~ r ) )yekler
; rak~aalar
Uyg. vlrr [gap] koAllR [gap] $11. N 6 : Xwar. k a n l a g kBzln k l g ~ r(so read) kOrUp 'the
xlv koylug klgi bijrtitlln k o r k g a y 'the demons (Hend.) look askance with bloodshot
sheep-owner will fear a wolf' Nahc. I I , 10. eyes' do., p. 43, note C.128, 1. 6: Xak. XI
k l g ~ er r 'a man with a squint' (of-ahwal); and
is. V. CNL- if you wish to say 'with a double squint' (al-
D kln1a:- Den. V. fr. 1 kl:n; survives in SW -aqbaf) you say iki: k6:zi: klgtr 'with both eyes
Osm. 'to make a sheath (for something); to squinting' (ahrualan) Kaj. 111 363 ; k l ~ 1 r
sheathe'. Xak. xr oi biqe:kk~nla:d~: 'hemade ko:zin balugtl: 'they looked at one another
a sheath (cafn) for the knife (etc.)' Kaj. 111 with angry bloodshot eyes' (bi-'ayn yazot)
299 (klnla:r, k1nla:ma:k): F a g . xv ff. k ~ n l a - I 1 7 0 , 18; 183.6; 3j9, 16; (he does not look to
(spelt) Bitif kardan 'to make a sheath, to his neighbours but finds wealth an incentive)
sheathe' Son. zggr. 16. kadag tapa: ~tkibi: k1:gru: baka:r 'he looks
at his kinsmen with angry bloodshot eyes as
D F x a n l a n - Hap. leg.; Refl. Den. V. fr. if they were dogs' III 23, 2 (k1:gr~:is Hap.
xa:n. Tiirkti vrrr (the 'Turku pcople, because leg. and ~ e r h a p san Frror for k ~ g l r ) :Kom.
they had no ran of their own, separated xlv 'crooked' k191r; squinting' klnlr CCC;
from China and) xanlantl: 'got themselves a Gr.: KIP. xv afqam with a crooked jaw'
xan' T 2. k i g ~ enek
r Tuh. 4a. 8 ; a.0. jb. 5 .
T r i s . GNL
1 k o g u r (kogor) originally of a horse's coat
D * k a g I ~ : p :Iiap. leg.; N Ag. fr. kagll:. Uyk. 'dark chestnut' or the like; later used for a
vrrr ff. Bud. Sanskrit snrrti arakfasdmthi 'who rather wider range of colours of a wider range
has a charioteer with thought as his protection' of objects, e.g. fabrics. S.i.a.m.l.g. w. some
o g iize: kazetlgllg (kiize:tiglig) k a g l a q l s ~ phonetic changes, e.g. ko:r/xo:r in most NE
! erse:r TT V I I I A.34. languages. An early I.-w. in Mong. as kogtor
(Haenirch 66, Kow. 873). L.-w. in Pe. etc.,
Doerfer 111 1536. Xak. XI kogur ko:y 'a

!
I
D k o n u m N.S.A. fr. ko:n-; lit. 'a single act brown (at-afhab) sheep'; also used of other
of stopping, settling', etc. Survives in SC Uzb. things Kat. I11 363: xrv Mtch.(?)(in a list of
kiinim 'a halt on a journey; a place where one horse's coats) mtrxdlifu'l-nuqa) 'dappled' k0:-
stops or spends the night'. In Kaj. there seelils gu:r Rif. 171 (only): Gag. xv ff. k o n g u r (sic,
to be an antithesis betwccn ugug, 'a group of spelt) 'a horse of which the colour verges on
I peoplc related by blood, a clan', and konum, black' (md'il ba-firagi asr) Son. 2 9 1 ~ .2 (the
spelling is unusual and 'the supporting quotn.
'a group of people living close together'. Xak.
XI kosnl: konvrn ugurka: (MS. a&$Im:) Pe., fr. Wa,r$af): KIP. X I I I al-ashab kongur
k1l21l Roar a g r r l ~ kahsin ilZ 'a$irari?z wa (sic) Hou. 31, l o (the position in the text sug-
akrimltrr,tt 'bc kind to your trihe and have gests that it means (of a man) 'sunburnt'):
regard for them' Kaj. I 114, 16; (he fought to xv yahlz (of eyes) 'bluish, light grey' kogur
the limit of his powers and) ugug ko:num Tuh. zob. 6 (the word also sometimes means
okt$tl: tad~"ofi'1-'ajira 'summoned the tribe 'squinting'; if so here, this might be an error
(to help him)' II 103, 25; 11 313 (konat-); for klglr): O s m . xrv ff. kogur 'chestnut' in
n.m.e.: xlv Muh.(?) (under 'kinds of people'; three texts T T S I 482; II 649.
1 hurua min mahallati 'those from my district' 2 kogur Hap. leg.; but see 2 ko9ra:-, keg-
(or m y quarter of the town) ko:nda:$); min raeu:. Xak. XI k o g u r ii:n a/-fmufu'l-abacc
wa!ani 'from my country' konu:m Ri/. 144 'a harsh, raucous sound' (or voice) Kay. III
(only). 363.
Tris. CNN
1 ?E klgru: See k l y r .
f D k a n t n p i z Priv. N./A. fr. *kaninc Dev.
N. fr. *kanin- Refl. f. of ka:n-; 'insatiable'. (D) klgra:k prob. Dev. N. fr. *lugra:- Den.
N.o.a.b., and apparently used only of sight. V. fr. k l ~ l inr the sense of something curved
Uyg. VIII ff. Man. kSrii kanlnqslz kBrgle or something which cuts crookedly; survives
(sic) kbrkiigiizni 'your lovely beauty which in NE Tel. klgtrak R II 709; NC Kir.
we never tire of seeing' TT III 81 : Bud. (the klgarak/kiglrak 'a rough two-edged knife
beautiful Buddhas who are loved by all and used for cutting felt, scraping hides and
are) kiirii k a n ~ n q s i zU III 71, 9; (looking at sheepskins, and the like'. Xak. XI 1ugra:k
the Duddha) k a n m c s ~ zkoziin 'with eyes that jafra mi~la'l-sdftir 'a knife like a butcher's
1 could not look long enough at him' T T X 152. cleaver', used for cutting meat and dough
 MON. GR 64 1

m a k 'robbing and fighting one another' I11 in Klrmg. hira (Koru. 2546) and Pe., ctc.,
C 9 ( E T Y 11 38): Xak. X I ola:r ikki: tava:r Do~rfcr 111 1598. Xak. X I k l r al-hadba
kunuqdl: 'those two plundered (ralaha) one mina'l-rib51 'an isolated mountain' K ~ JI. 324;
another's property'; also used for competing (you have crossed . . .) k ~ r l a : rediz be:duk
or helping Kap. I1 r 1 2 (kunu$u:r, kunug- al-n(ec6do'l-~umm'the high, lofty mountains'
ma:k): Krp. xrv kunuq- harra 'to return to I 94, j ; (the clouds) k ~ r k a :k o d t ~ :01 k a r l n
the attack'(?) Id. 74 (meaning ol~scurc;Id, i . ~ 'dcposlted snow on the mountain' (li'l-cabal)
also appnrently the earliest authority f ( ~ r III jy, 14: K B 69, 96 (Oprl:): X I V hlrrh. al-
konug- ccifuara 'to be neighbours', also noted -$u'tid 'rising ground' kr:r a@$ Mel. 74, I I ;
as Gag. in Son. 2yov. 25). Rif. 177: Gag. xv ff. k ~ ( rI ) bulandi sor-i ktih
' a height, the top of a mountain' (quotn.)
Dls. GNZ (2) the 'Turks of KH$ijar use it for bulandi-i
kogu:Z 4beetlet;prob, a generic term covering kondr-i kardri which is an expression for
several varieties; s,i,a,m,l,g, except SW; in marad 'illness' (meaning uncertain, lit. ?'the
NE with much pholletic change, e,G Khak, height of the edge of a knife' (?reading kcrdti))
Sari. 29.5'. 4: X w a r . xlv k l r occurs three
xo:s; in (;UV. in tile *hr, xurt xamar
(i,e, kurt koguz) bees,, L.-w, in times; (this world is like) k a r a r m l $ k l r
'mountains which have become dark'; (some-
Pe., DoPrfer 1538 THrkii v l l r ff, Toy, 2 9 times adlniring her) k l r t e g k a r a k l n 'eyes
(ETY 59; agu:lug): uyg, v I l r fi, M ~ ~ ,
like ?';klrdtn k a r 'snow from the mountains'
konkuz (sic; context obscure) 7'T 93: Qllth 148: x I I r (between 'heaven. kB:k
Bud. (in a list of harmful insects) ko?uz U II
35, 23; y o r ~ g r n a k u r t koguz crawling and kiin) al;fa,ak kl:r Iloll. 5 , (a,-falok
32, 3: xak.
should here mean 'fimament', but there may
worms and confusion with its rarer meaning
korJuz ol-sunfusd' 'black.beptle3 &$, 111363 : be
xv koe8uz (spclt; with -D-,) a black
ff,
'a rounded hill'): xrv k l r ra'str'l-rcib&a 'the
creature (cdn7uar) cnllcd in Ar, cu+al ('black- top of a mountain'; and in Klp.(sic) a/-ardu'l-
beetle,) and wrtn/lrsd~, and in Fe, Rligardrinak -ia!vdh 'level ground' Id. 70; al-ar&'l-pah~d!l
v. 8: Kip. xrv al- k l r Bul. 3, 8: xv in Tuh. 7a. 1 2 k l r is inserted
(,dung in the margin opposite to bnrriya 'desert, waste
-trunfimi' konuz Bul. I I , 5. ground': O s m . xvrrr k l r . . . (3) and, in Rzimi,
biycibdn-i bi-cibi 'waterless desert' Son. 295' 6.
Mon. c R
1 ka:r *snowy;c.i,a,p,a.l. Tiirk" I E 35, 2 k l r (?kl:r) 'grey' and the like, particularly
E 27 (batlm); T 25 (1 56k-): uyg Xrv as the colour of a horse's coat. Survives in NE
Chin.-Uyi. l)ict. 'snow' k a r Ligeti Xak. Koib.9 Sag., $or krr R 734; SW Az. elr;
ka:r o/-la/c csnowpK~ 111 148; over ten 0s". k l r ; Tkm. gl:r. L.-w. In Pe.. etc.,
o.o, : K R 6o13 (1 bu:z): xu,(?) ~ ~ k a rf 'snow'
. Doerfm 111 1596. Cf. bo:z, W l . Xak. xl lur
199: xrv Mirh. a/-toafr 'heavy snow' ( ? ; pro- a t al-farasu'l-somand 'a dun (Pe. I.-w.) horse'
perly 'abundancet) ka:r Me[, 79, 10; Rif. 184 KO$. 1 324: Gag. xv ff.klr . . . (f) dc
(and 75): G a g xv ff. k a r barf 'snow' Sari. (of a man) 'beginning to go grey (Itt. two-
270V, XMrar. ditto ~~~~b1 3 1 : Kom. coloured) Sfln.lz9sr. 7: KIP. xv (under 'coloun
x1v ditto C C I ; Gr,: Ktp. x r l ~a/.!a/c k a r Hou. of horses') ai-ax&r 'dark-grey' (temir boz
5, 8: xlv ditto Id. 74; Utrl. 2, 16: xv ditto Kav. and) klr T1'h. qb. 4.
58, 5; Ti~h.lob. I I. 3 k ~ Hap. r leg., unless this is merely an
2 k a r IIap. leg. in the onomatopoeic k a r k o r ; extended of klr. Xak. klr "I-
the resemblance to Ar. is prob. coincidental. wa'l-nrufanndt 'a dam' (Hend.)
Xak. X I k a r k o r etti: k a r t n 'the stomach I 324.
rumbled' (qarq~rn);this word agrees (~orifaqat) 4 k l r leg, x a k . klr yagl: al-Fadri~,rrpl-
with Ar. in sound and meaning Kai. 1 324. ..m,ckdgihcan enemy who bears a secret grvdgeB
E 3 k a r See karln. Kag. I 324.

klr preliminary note. ~h~~~ ,lCo CO,~~mO,l 1 ko:r 'loss, damage', and the like. Survives in
fuords of this form 7neaning respectively 'high NE Tel. k o r R 11 5.50; TUV. x o r a ; and
recently revived in Slv Rep, Turkish but not
ground' and the like, S W Tkm. g l r , and 'gre3", an Osm. word, uyg.~ r ~El.r ~ u d (how . can
Tkm. g1:r Kag. gives two other mmnings which they kill that man or) adln k o r y a s kllu u s a r
can hardly Ire connecred with either word. I n 'do other damage or harm to him ?' Kuon. 3j ;
a number of modern languages k ~ also r means 0.0. U 11 58, 4-5 ( i ) (tutu$); T T V I 63
'pdge', see R 11 733, but this may be an extension (egsii:-): Civ. (all your affairs prosper and)
of tI~efirst meaning. kor~ y o k 'bear no loss' T T I 148; k o r bolur
V I I 28. 4, 10, and 52: X a k . xt ko:r al-xusrdn
1 k ~ originnlly
r 'an isolated mountain or block 'a loss'; hence one says e r ko:r k l l d ~ :'the
of mountains'; in this sense and niore generally man made a loss' Ka$. 111 122: K B Saga
for 'high ground' s.r.a.m.l.g., hut in some b o l g a k o r 'you will suffer loss' 193; 0.0. 1297,
languages, including NW Nog., S W Osm. it 1316, 1706: xlv Ai'nh. at-xasdra ko:r etrnek
hardly means more than 'plain, steppe, wilder- Me[. 39, 2; Rif. 126: Xwar. xlv k o r 'damage,
ness'.without any connotation of height. L.-w. harm(?)' Qzttb 140 (might he 2 ko:r): KIP.
8041125 Y
 Kay. 1324: K n kezikce kellr b u iiltirnntig
X I I I ol-xosrjro (opposite to 'profit' a s ~ g )k o r ,
a dialect word (Lr,fo), the ordinary word is k u r ~'the stage of death comes in due course'
ziysn, which is T k m . and a I'e. I.-w. Hou. 1476; (what is understanding's face, shape,
28, 2: (XIVsee k u t Id. 68 where the word may character, and conduct ?) yag1 k u r l bod e m
occur in a phr.). avlnql n e 01 'what is its age, rank, stature,
size, and kindly disposition?' 1849; klqig k u r
2 ko:r apparently both 'the residue of sour u l u g l a r a r a kirrnese 'let not (men of) Icwly
milk used to make yog~rrt'and '(baker's) yeast, rank niinple with the great' 2587; bu begllk
leaven'. Survives in the first meaning in SW k u r t 'this rankof brg' $139j0.o. 2586(yortug),
Tkm. g o r and in the second in NE Bar.; N C 4066, 4760: xrlr(?) 7'pj isB yagka k u r g a
Kzx., Tam R 11549, and Klr. Xak. X I ko:r tegdi 'Jesus reached years of diacrction' 217:
xomirri'l-rd'ib 'the solids in (sour) milk', that Gag. s v ff. k u r aqra'rr we anrfril 'equals, con-
is the residue of curdled milk (~ubdbomina'l- temporaries' Vel. 338; k u r . . . (3) fiina-i
-rd'ihi'i-nrrrdrik awi'l-omifi'l-hdmid) which is dirudr ton arcs fun brmydd 'a course (of masonry,
left in the bottom of a jar; then fresh milk is etc.) in a wall or foundation'; . . . (5) !~alqa
poured on it so that the solids are coagulated halqa nifasfnn 'to sit in circles' (at n feast); (6)
and sour milk (yog~rrt)is made Kaj. I11 122: mall tun kafti' 'an equal' as in ~ C Qk u r aqrdn
K B slnamr5 k a r l l a r sBzi s o z kort 'the wa amfa'l San. z85v. 21 ( ( 1 ) is 1 k u r ; (2)
words of experienced old men are the leaven 'weapon' is a misunderstanding of Mong. kor
of conversation' 723: SIV ~lftrh.(under 'cooking 'quiver'; (4) is k o r 'hot embers', a word now
materials') 01-xomir 'yeast' ko:r Mel. 64, 5; widely distributed but not noted before the
Rif. 163. medieval period): KIP. srv k u r ('belt', and
1 k u r 'belt, girdle'; originally only that worn also) al-waqt Id. 70; k u r al-waqt ruo'l-rinn
by a man, later more generally for 'the girth ya'ni nl-'urn; one says b u k u r d a : ~d u r hddd
round a p r t ' and the like. S.i.s.m.l. Cf. k u r - lido do. 71 ('time, age, life' are all remote from
Q R : ~ . Uyg. vrlr ff. Civ. (if a mouse) k u r the true meaning and seem to be an inference
l s t r s a r 'gnaws the belt (of a garment)' T T from the translation of kurda:g as 'con-
VII 36, 13: Xak. xt k u r al-mintaqa 'a belt'; temporary' when in fact it means 'of the same
i$ k u r 01-ni<gcIh 'a sash' KO$. I 324; five o.o., rank or social class'): O s m . xrv ff. k u r 'rank',
same translation, spelt kri:r: K B a j u n k a bad1 and perhaps 'equal in rank' occurs in several
k o r tukel k u t k u r l 'he girded the world with xlv and xv texts T7'S I 4 9 7 ; 11667; meaning
a belt of conlplete divine favour' 461; k a t ~ g 'course (of masonry, etc.)' it is common fr.
k u r bad1 'he tightened his belt' 542; 0.0. 1456, xvr onwards I 485; I1 651 ; 111 447; I V 541
1588 (umunqlug; it is difficult to distinguish (transcribed kor).
between 1 and 2 k u r in KB): xtv Rbg. k u r - ?S 3 ku:r this might be an unusual aljbrevia-
s a n t p kulluk kurrn 'girding himself with the tion of k u r u g as Kay. suggests; but it is more
belt of service' R I1 917; hllrh. ol-!tiyaya 'belt' prob. that it was inferred to provide a (false?)
ku:r M d . 67, 9 ; Rif. 167: Gag. xvff. k u r etymology for ku:rbaka:, q.v. O g u z xr ku:r
a belt (ke~nerktrtag) of gold and silver which 01-ydbis 'dry'; an abbreviation of k u r u g ; prov.
they call k u r kuqnk VeI. 338 (quotns.); k u r ku1a:n kudugka: tU$se ku:rbaka: nyglr
(I) knmarband 'I&, girdle', also called k u r ~ a k b o l u r 'if a wild ass falls.into a well, the land
Son. 2 8 5 ~ .2 1 (quotns.); s.0. 286r. 11 (kur- frog (al-difda'u'l-barri, 1.e. toad?) becomes
qa:e): Xwnr. SIV k u r 'belt' Qtifh 144; Nahc. a stallion' Kog. 111 122: x~rr(?)Tef. (wherever
81, 11: Kom. 'belt, haldrik' k u r CCI, CCG; that fish went) k u r u g yo1 'the dry road'
Gr.: a.0. (alttn): Ktp. xrrr 01-lriydya (ku:$ak,) (behind him d~sclosedhim . . . they went after
k u r (,be9 ba:gr:) Iioti. 19, 3: xrv k u r ditto h ~ m )krrr y e r d e 'on dry land' 217 (perhaps
Id. 70: O s m . SIV and sv k u r , esp. in the phr. a simple graphic error).
k u r kuyak, occurs in several texts T T S 1497;
I1 666; 111488. hlon. V. GR-
2 k u r meaning rather indefinite, basically per- 1 k a r - (?ka:r-) 'to mix (something with
haps 'rank' (as in 'high rank') and 'stage' (one something else)'. Note Kaf.'s remarks. T h e
of a number), hence 'a line, a course of brick- Hend. 1 k a t - 1 k a r - seems now to be obsolete,
work', and the like. In texts like KB it is easily but kor- in S C Uzb. is the only word for 'to
confused with 1 k u r , and some of the medieval mix', and in S W Osm. k a r - in this and ex-
translations are hard to fit into this framework tended meanings and in Tkm. g a r - exist as
though they seem to belong here. Survives at well as 1 kat-. The der. f.s of 1 k a r - arernore
any rate in SE, SW. Cf. kurdag-. Uyg. vrrr ff. widely distributed. Xak. XI (in a para., s.v.
Bud. (faith is the primary requirement) k u t 2 turma:, on the Oiuz language) the Turks,
b u l r n l ~tuziinler k u r t n t a keziglnte b a r - when they speak of 'mixing'(xa1ofo) something
mnkntg 'of the progress of good men who with something else say kattt: k a r d ~ : ;kattt:
have found divine favour through the various is the word for 'mixing' (xalf) and kardl: is
stages (of existence)' T T V 20, 6 ; (if they a jingle (tabu') after it; the O g u z say kardr:
intend to embark) b u r x a n kuttllg (sic) solata'l-fay' bi'l-lo)?', and leave out the main
k u r k a kezigke 'on the stages (leading) to the word Kos. I 432, 16; n.m.e.: xrr~(?)Tef.
blessed state of Buddha' do. 22, 25: Xak. xt k a r - 'to mix (something with (blrle) some-
k u r a[-mnrtabn 'rank'; hence one says m e n i n thing)' 199: xrv Mith. forrota 'to empty, o r
k u r l m ulug 'I have a high ('azima) rank' pour (something into somethind' ka:r- MPI.
 DIS.
30, I ; Rij. I t 3: Gag. xv ff. k a r - (-mak) Man.-A (then the sorcerers . . . took bows and
kartj~rrr-'to mix' Vel. 321 (see Osm.): KIP. arrows and) yasln k u r d t 'strung their bows'
x ~ vk a r - xalala; and one says k a t t ~ :kardt: Man-urg. Frag. 401, 7: Bud. katlg yasln
damma ruo xnlafa 'he collected and mixed', k u r u p 'stringing their strong bows' U 1115 5 ,
and kata: kara: yedl: 'he collected and mixed 4; a o . U 11 78, 31 (at-): Civ. T,T I 162
(various foodstuffs) and eat them' fd. 70; In (at-): Xak. X I xa:n 8U:sln kurdl: the king
Bul. 69v. fnraga token- (q.v.) and k a r - is mobilized (cama'a) h ~ 'army'; s and one says
a muddle of farata t o k e n - ; farraga k a r - : xa:n Cowa:C kurdz: the king untied and
O s m . xlv ff. k a r - 'to mix (something with opened (balfa wa nafara) his royal umbrella'
something)' is common until xvl (when it was (kura:r, kurma:k; k l r - follows); e r ya:
displaced by k a r l g t ~ r - )T T S I 426; I1 593; kurdr: 'the man strung (wufora) a bow' Kaj.
I11 417; I V 478: xvrrr k a r - in RJmi, mamztic 11 7 (kura:r, kurma:k); the phr. ya: k u r -
tua ddxil kardan 'to mix, to inscrt' Son. 2 7 0 ~ . is common in paras. on conjugation I1 37 ff.,
8 (Rrimi quotn.). etc.; a.0. 111 62 (3 yov-): K B (the brilliant
spring) yana k u r d ~d a w l a t yastn 'has strung
2 ka:r- 'to overflow' and the like. Survives again the bow of the changing seasons(?)' 65:
only(?) in SW xx Anat. k a r - (of water) 'to XIXI(?)At k a t ~ gy a k u r u p 462; ref. k u r -
pile up behind an obstacle' SDU 841. Xak. 'to set up' (scales) 217: xlv Muh. arcfaro'l-
XI e r suvka: ka:rd~: 'the man choked (~ariqa).
-gnus ya:y k u r - Mel. 23, I r ; Rif. 105 (reading
with the water'; and one says su:v a r ~ k t l n ya:): Gag. xv ff. k u r - ('w~th-u-') ( I ) drdslm
ka:rdl: 'the water overflowed (fado) from the 'to set in order'; (2) nafb hardan 'to set up,
canal in the summer'; this happens when the erect'; and of a bow (kamdn) fiilla kordan :to
snow and water have been frozen (in the canal) string'; and so they say m a c l t s k u r - to
and water flows down over them until it over- organize a meeting', y a k u r - 'to string a bow';
flows' Kaf. IIZ 182 (kara:r, karma:k; sic but in the exact meaning cannot be determined with-
a sectioncontaining Mon. V.s withalongvowel); out knowing the Object Son. 284r. 8 (quotns.):
a.0. 11 197, 27: xrv Muk.(?) fabha'l-md' 'the X w a r . XIII k u r - 'to set up' 'Ali 30: xrv ditto
water (over) flowed' gu: kardl: Rif. I I I (only): Qutb 144: Kom. xrv 'to organize (a meeting);
O s m . xrv ff. k a r - (of the tide) 'to rise', In to string (a bow)' k u r - C C G ; Gr. 203: Klp.
three texts between xrv and XVIII T T S 1426. XIII watara min watri'l-qows k u r - Hou. 37, 20:
3 *kar- See 2 karl:, kartg, karlg-, 1 kargl:, xrv k u r - awfara't-qaws wa nafaba'Z-/acc ('to
etc. set a snare') fd. 70: xv awtara k u r - Tuh. 6s.
I I ;nasaba'l-ccm 'to set the wine cups in order'
k ~ r originally
- 'to scrape, strip (hair)', and the k u r - do. 36b. 13.
like; in the medieval period it acquired more
violent meanings 'to break, smash, annihilate', is. CRA
and the like. S.i.a.m.1.g. w. one or both mean- kara: 'black', primarily in a physical sense,
ings. Cf. k ~ r tklrk-.
, Xak.xl e r y k r i g kttdl: but with a great many metaph. myanings, often
'the man scraped (qara,va) the ground (etc.)' pejorative, e.g. kara: bodun the ordinary
Kag. 11 7 (klra:r, k1rma:k); (my dog seized people' (as opposed to the aristocracy).
the wolf and threw it down) anlg tu:sin klra: C.i.a.p.a.1. ; an early I.-w. in Mong., and in Pe.,
yuldt: halaqa ja'rahu 'it stripped off its hair' etc., Doerfer I11 1440. There are many col-
I1 24, 4; (they followed and surrounded him) lections of phr. containing this word, e.g. R
s a p " k ~ r a :megdedi: natafii ,vafmhu 'and I1 132-42; Red. 1448-50 T u r k i i vrrr kara:
plucked out his hair' IIJ 401, 13: xlv MI&.(?) bodun 'the common people' II E 41; kara:
rokada 'to trample on' k1:r- Rif. 109 (Mel. k a m a g bodun I E 8, 11E 8 ; 0.0. I1 N r r ;
26, 14 $a:p-); a/-gar$ 'to cut off, clip' ktr-
(unvocali:ed) 122 (MP/. 36, 13 krrk-); a/-
p 12 (teyig); T 52 (t6k-): vrlr ff. kara:
black' is common in lrkB and Toyok; kara:
-maqtril killed' k1rmr:g 146 (only): Gag. kug 'eagle' IrkB 3 (described as 'golden-
xv ff. k ~ r -( I ) xorrjlidan 'to scrape, shave'; winged'), 43: Man. y a r u k l ~k a r a l ~'light and
but xarc?fi(dan) used of an arrow, stone, etc. darkness' Cituas. 166, 170-1, etc. 8.0.0. of
which grazes or passes close to something is k a r a 'dark'; k a r a bodun T T I1 8, 69; 10,
krrp- ;(2) qatl-i 'dm kugil-i mufrit 'to massacre, 81: Yen. kara: bodu:n Mal. 32, 6; 0.0. do.
exterminate'; (3) fikastan 'to break' San. 293V. 30 4 ; 7, r (xa:n): Uyg. VIII kara: 6gll
17 (quotns.); a.0. z94r 17 ( k ~ r p - ) Xwar.
: XIV bdcjunxi 'the ordinary common people' $u.
k t r - 'to destroy, kill' Qutb 149: Kip. xrn E z; 0.0. E 5, N 12: VIII ff. Bud. k a r a 'black'
ntahaqa 'to annihilate' krr- Hou. 8, 3: xlv is common; k a r a ku* U II 31, 54; k a r a
k ~ r -ka!!ara'l-qatl 'to massacre' h. 70: xv bodun U III 27, 3 (ii); T T X 170, etc.: Civ.
afnd 'to annihilate' k ~ r -Tub. 6a. 13;fond (sic, k a r a 'black' is common; ytlkt k a r a T T VII
'to perish') k ~ r do. - 28b. 4: O s m . xrv to XVII 28, 43; 29, 6; 33, 19 is a collective term for
'to massacre, destroy'; common TTS 1 4 6 2 ; 'livestock', perhaps 'horses and cattle'; k a r a
11631; I V s r q . bag 'slave' (male o r female) USp. 61, 3 ff.;
k u r - the basic meaning seems to he something 73, 3 ff.; I 10, 3 ff.; k a r a also occurs as a wm-
like 'to put (something) in working order' with ponent in P.N.s in USp.: XIV Chin.-Uyg. Dicf.
particular applications of which the commonest black' k a r a ; 'lynx' k a r a k u l a k Ligcli 162;
is 'to string (a'bow)'. S.i.a.m.l.g. except NE(?) R I1 134: 0. K I ~ rx . ff. k a r a bodun Ma[. 3,
usually meaning 'to erect (a building, tent, 6 etc.; iiriigil:m kara:m in do. r I , 3; 45, 7,
I I 'my white and black', seems to be a phr. for
etc.); to establish (a society, etc.)'. U Y ~ . V I ff.
 DIS.
'livestock': Xak. X I kara: 'black' o f anything; in 29): xrv k a r a : al-nswnri; k a r a e t n l e k ol-
and the Xikini kingq are called by it, one says -rir~vdn'a kind of wheat paste' (scc Ilzrf., p. 38;
Bukra: Kara: Xa:ka:n; there is a story (al- Llozy, S~rpplen~~n! II 741), that is 'black brcnd';
-qissa) about this: kara: kug al-'uqdb 'eagle' a.0. (yaaxz) fd. 69; k a r a w a g 'an expression
(prob. specifically 'thegrrlden eagle') : k a r a : kug for slaves in general' ('dmmoti'l-roqiq) do. 70;
'the star Jupiter' (01-nrrrftnri),it is the one that nl-sorcdfi 'hlack (i.e. copper) c o ~ n s ' k a m :
rises at dawn, and is called k a r a : kug yulduz: y a r m a k Btrl. 4, 9 ; 'black cliceae' k a m : k u r u t
(Oguz phr. here): k a m : o r u n 'the grave' (nl- do. 8. 4 ; nl-?trryr/o k a r a : e t m e k do. 8, 15;
-qnhr) (verse), originally k a r a : o r u n meant 01-'trqdb k a r a : kug do. 7, 10: xv 01-osruad
'dark (a/-nr~rzlin~) place': k a r a : ha:$ a word k a r e : Kav. 59, 18; 0.0. 5 . 9 ( k a p ) ; 59, 18
fur 'slave' ((21-ntanrlrik), both male and female, (yaglz); 'nhri 'slave' k a r e : (/(I. 39, 7 ; a/-'rrqdh
it rrlcans 'black head': k a r a : o t 'aconite' ((11- k a r a : ku:g tior,. 62, 13; 'cane syrup ('nslrr'l-
hi^); it is a vegetable poison: kara: ya:g -qoynb) of all sorts' k a r a : ba:l (lo. 02, 19;
(11-no/! 'naphtha': Kara: S e g i r the name of aszcad k,ara 7'1th. 4a. I ; rrrllrnm k a r a do. qh.
a place in Harsga:n (see s e ~ l r ) k: a r a : 6tme:k 5, etc.; ohd k a r a do. zqb. 6; nma 'slave girl'
the name of a kind of bread made as follows; ( k t r n a k arid) k a r a w a g rlo. 3b. 13; '~rqdbk a r a -
meat is cooked to r a p (bnttd yatnharrd); then wag (sic) do. 251). 9 ; and other phr. w. k a r a :
flour, butter, and supar are added to it until it O s m . xlv ff. k a r a ev, k a r a k u l a k , k a r a v a g ,
thickens in the boiling (yrrglaz bi'l-galayZn); and other phr. w. k a r a are listed in T T S I
then it is taken out and eaten; and one says 415ff.; 11 579ff.; 111 407ff.; I V 467ff.:
as a jingle (ji'l-itbci') k a r a : k u r a : Kay. 111 svrrr k a r a . . . (4) in Rlinti, sdhil-i cloryd 'the
221-2; 0.0. I 331 (kup); 150 (Cgetlik); I11 sea shore' (Ar. I.-bv. qdm) Son. 270v. r 7 ( R I ? w I ~
33, 2 (bug); 40 (yultuz); k a r a : also occurs quotn.).
in tribal and geographical names and is 1 karl: 'old', normally only of human beings
fairly common elsewhere: KB k a r a 'black' is and animals; s.i.s.rn.l.g.; in SW Az., Osm.
cotnrnon 22, 77, etc.; k a r a as an abbreviation specifically 'old womnn', hence sometimes
of k a r a bodun 250, 256 (2 tura:), 778, 988 'wife'. Not to be confused with k a r ~'strange'
(to:d-); k a r a 'black ink' 2715; k a r a kug in some NE languages, which is n Rtong. I.-w.,
'Jupiter' 5675, 6219; k a r a k u $ ogi 'eagle- or Ar. qdri 'a reader or reciter of the Koran'.
coloured' (1.e. 'dark') 3949: xrlr(?) At. k u l Tiirkii vrrr iiziim kart: b o l t t m u l u g b o l t t m
k a r a bap 298; Tpf.kara 'black'; k a r a bag/ 'I myself have becorne old and ndvanccd in
k n r a kul 'slave' 199-200: srv Rht. k a r a bag years' 7' 56: V I I I ff. b i r kart: Bkii:zii:g 'an
'slave'; ytlkl k a r a and k a r a 'cattle' R II
old ox' I r k B 37: Uyg. v111ff. Man.-A h l I
140-1 (quotns.); hfrl?~.nl-asrund k a r a : Alel. 28, 19 ( a g d u k ) : Bud. sekiz o n y a g a y u r k a r ~
lo, 17; 68, 2; Rif. 84, 168; a/-cdriya 'slave e r t i 'he was an old man eighty years of age'
girl' k a r a : ba:p (mis-speltgzr:f) 51.9; a[-surriya PP 24, 4-5; k l m begleri a z u k a r r baglarl
('concubine') coo'l-cdriya mn'n(i7) k a r a : ba:g
147; a1-'1rq6/1 k a r a : ku:$ 72, 13; 175; al- e r s e r 'who are their b ~ g sor elders;' T?' VI
9-10; a.0. do. 96; Sanskrit vrddhatnmaih 'by
-xarkcik 'tent' k a r a : e w 76, 11; 180: F a g l the oldest' ka:rtla:r iize: T T VIIIF.2; a.o.0.:
xv ff. k a r a ( I ) siy(ih "hlack' (quotn.); (2) 'illat-t Civ. t t k a r t b o l s a r y a t t p iiriir 'when a dog
k n h ~ ;'a~ nightmare' caused bv over-eating or gets old it barks lying down' T T 1'11 42, 6 :
llntulcnce (quotn.); (3) metapll, ntidrid 'ink' XIV Chin.-Uyf. Dict. loo 'aged' ( G i l ~ s6,783)
(quotns.) . . . (5) they say as a jingle (irbn') k a r t I,igefi 163: Xak. k a r l : al-tirasiiln 'aged'
kele k a r a nrorci'i rca nmmdii 'livestock' of anything; hence one says karl: e r 'an old
(quotn.); kele (?I.-1x8. fr. Pe. galla) can be man' (01-gnj,.x) and karl: a t 'a fiilly grown
used by itsrlf in this sense, hut k a r a only in (a/-inrr&~kkA)horse' (etc.) Krrf. III 222; 11 30
this phr.; ( 6 ) kipi k a r a atbd' tun sd'irtc'l-nris ( b u n - ) and three 0.0.: KB s t n a m l g k a r ~'an
'followers and the rest of the people' Son. experienced old man' 723; 0.0. 4387, 6111:
27ov. 12, followed by over 30 phr. beginning xrrr(?) Trf. k a r ~'old (aronlan)' 2 0 1 : xrv Alrrlr.
with k a r a including k a r a ba$ in Ir5n 'maid- nl-~nj~ karl:
. ~ hi'cl. 48, 15; Rif. 143 (ndding
servant', and other meanings, k a r a kug run'/-'octiz 'and old woman'); 152; Rhf. k a r l
'nqrih, k a r a k u l a g 'a predatory beast larger a b u $ k a / k a r t u l u g a 'old man' R II 167
than a cat which follows the lion about and (quotns.): Gag. s v ff. k a r t koca 'old man' Vel.
eats the residue of its kill': O g u z xr k a r a : kog 319 (quotn.); k a r l ( I ) pir ma musinn ditto San.
(sic?) 'the sides (atrif) of a camel's foot' Kaf. 272v. 6(quotn.): X w a r . xrrl(?) k a r t b o l g u m -
I11 221 : X w a r . x r r ~ ( ?k) a r a 'black', common d r n 'because I have becorne old' Og. 333: xrv
in 02.: slv ditto Qrrtb 13 1, h l N 7, etc.; k a r a - k a r l 'old' Qrrth 133: Kom. xrv 'old man' k a r t
wag Qutb 132; k u l k a r a w a g Nahc. 17, 8;
C C I ; Gr.: Ktp. xlrr (after 2 kart:) also al-
284, 5 etc.; yllkt k a r a do. 17, 8 ; 309, 10: -say% Hou. 20, 12: xrv kart: a / - l a y ~Id. 70:
Kom. xrv 'black' k a r a ; 'eagle' k a r a k u g ; xv 'aciizuhu kartst: Kao. 44, 17; JIZJ~X k a r t
'ink' k a r a ; 'maidservant' k a r a v a g and (and someone older than oneself is a b ~ g k a
several phr. C C I , C C G ; Gr. 193: Ktp. XIII nnd k a r t a y ) Ttrh. zob. 3: O s m . xrv ff. k a ~ t
al-'lrqrih kara: kug Hold. to. I ; (under 'colours
of horses') al-adham 'black' kara: 13, 6 ; al- 'aged', so~netimcs specifically 'old wornan ;
-asccod k a r a : 3 I , 2 ; a.0. 31, 5 ( k a p ) ; a/-asmar c.i.a.p. T T S I 422; I1 589; I11 413; I V 474.
'brown, swarthy' kara: ya:gtz 31, 10; al-cariya ?D 2 k a r ~ :perhaps Dev. N. fr. 3 *kar-, cf.
(ktrna:k and) knra:wa:$/kara:ba:$ 32, 17: k a r t $ ; originally 'the forenrnl', but Inore often
(there are several P.N.s beginning with kara: used as n unit of nlensurenlent In cul>it, the .
 distance frnm the elbow to the finger tips'. various meanings of al-hsak 'hatred; a star
Survives in notne Nk; lan~uages;NC Ktr.; S C thistle; chec~atcxde frise; prickly hedge' the
Uzb.; NW Kk., Kumyk, Nog., with various last is likeliest. KIP. X I koru: al-harak Kay.
meanings, 'forearm, upper arm, cubit, half- III 223.
fathom (the distance from the middle of the D ~ S .V. GRA-
chest to the finger. tips)'; SW 'Ikm. gar1
means ( I ) 'the lower leg of a quadruped from F k a r a - 'to look at', exactly syn. w. bak-.
the knec downwards'; (2) 'half-fathom'. See This common Mong. V.. noted as early as
Doerfrr 111 1477 Uy& V I I I ff. Civ. yeti k a r ~ ~ I I (lfnmisch I 60), is first noted in 'I'urkkh in
boz 'seven cuhits of cotton fabric' U.Tp, 91, Cali., Ron. 268r. 21, with the alternatives
35; a.0. do. 13, 2-3 (uzun): Xak. X I k a r ~ : karag-Ikarala-, and s.i.a.m.l.g. except SW.
dir6'11'1-yad 'the forearm': karr: 'the cithit 'I'here is no reason to suppose that it I S a native
(01-dird') with which linen is mcasured(yrrdm'), Turkish word and the base of 1 k a r a k .
taken frnm thc first meaning; as in Ar. the K a r a p , translated 'looking at him', was read
same word is used in both meanings Kaj. III by R in USp. 97, 3, but is certainly one of
223; a.o. I 117 (1 ellig): XIII(?) At. 460 several mistranscriptions in this text. 7'he sup-
(ko:n-); Tel. k a r l ( I ) (a dog's) 'forelegs'; (2) posed occurrence in Kom. (R II 142) rests on
a cubit' 201: xrv Muh. a[-dird' 'cubit' k a r ~ : a misreading by Kuun of the entry of k a m - ,
Mel. 82, I I (only): Gag. xv ff. k a r ~ l k a r ukol q.v.
ve b6z1i 'arms; upper arm' Vel. 217 (quotn.); kart:- 'to be, or become, old', properly used
k a r ~karij . . . ue hannci arjrmt 'a span; a onlv of hun~anbeings or occasionally animals;
builder's cubit' do. ;19 (quotns.); k a r ~(2) ho&ophonous \v. 1 karl:. S.i.s.m.l., but not in
&r' (?error for dird' cubit') (quotn.); (3) the NW, SW. Tiirkii V I I I Ix. 3 ( b e ~ i : ) : Uyg.
' name of an implement (dlati) used to measure
vrrr ff. Bud. k a r ~ y u kb i z 'we have grown old'
things (quotn.); (4) bdzl?, a word for '(the arm) U11155, 19; 0.0. U 1 1 5 , 14 etc. (tug-): Xak.
from thc shoulder to the finger tips' (quotns.) X I e r karl:dl: 'the man (etc.) grew old' (@a)
San. 272v. 6 : K o m . xrv 'cubit' k a r ~ C C I ; GI. : Kaj. 111 263 (kar1:r. kar1:ma:k; prov.
KIP. ~ I I (under
I 'parts of the body') al-sd'id ars1a:n karl:sa: 'when a lion grows old');
'the forearm' (bi1e:k and) karl: which is also kar1:ma:s 'does not become decrepit' (I5
dird'tr'l-qrcmdj 'a cubit of fabric' (and 'an old yahram) I 147, 6: KB karl- 'to grow old' is
man') Notc. 20, 12; (under 'profcssions and common; of men 181, 294 (bun-), 347, 1640
crafts') a/-dira' 'cubit' k a n : (and argun (1.-w. (opra:-); of good fortune or happiness 943,
fr. Pe. a r q 'cubit')) do. 23, 13: XIV karl: 1331 ; of this world 5133: XIII(?)At. harial*
. . . also of-dird' i d . 70. k a r r m a z idisi k a r l p 'avarice does not grow
V U 1 * k u r ~ : 'west'; like *ber and 1 *ylr old when its possessor grows old' 306; a . 0 . ~ ~ 8
known only in der. f.s, the Directional f. (bun-): x ~ Muh. v pZxa ka:rl:- Mel. 27, 9; Rij.
kur1:garu: 'westwards' and a Locative(?) in 1x0: Gag. xvff. k a n - (-p) karr- ya'ni koca-
-ya: (see berye:) 'in the west'. N.0.a.h. Vel. 319 (quotns.); k a r l - pir jtrdan 'to become
T i i r k u V I I I kur1:garu: 'westwards' occurs old' San. 269v. 18 (quotns.): Xwar. xrv how-
six times by itself in I and II and also in a pht. ever old a man may get ( k a r ~ s athese
) two bad
I S 2, II N 2 and I I (bats1k)-ogre: kltafida: habits do not get old ( k a r ~ m a z )Nahc. 433,
herye: t a v g a ~ d a :k u r ~ y a :(PU) kordanta: 8-9: K o m . xrv k a r ~ d ~Latin
m senui '1 grew
yrrya: oguzda: 'amonp the I<~taRsin the east, old' C C G (see kara-); 'old a e' k a r ~ m a k
the Chinese in the south, Khotan(?) in the west. C C I ; Gr.: KIP. xrv k a n - ~Gxa?d. 69; kabira
and the ORuz in the north' 7' 14; a.o. I N 1 2 'to be advanced in years' k a n - Btd. 7fv: xv
(batstk)-kur~yakr: . . . bodun 'the peoplc 'acaza (of a woman) 'to grow old' karr- Tuh.
In the west' T 17: Uy&. vrrr k u r ~ y a : o n 26a. I 1.
ok(k)a: kirtl: 'they joined the On Ok(Western Jl kora:- Den. V. fr. 1 ko:r; 'to suffer loss,
p r k i i ) in the west' $u. N I I ;k a s a r k u r c d l n be diminished', and the like. Survives in NE
to the west of I<asar' do. E 8 (see IS aksrrak). Koib., Sag., $or k o r a - R JI 5 51 ; Khak. xora-.
VU 2 kurl: in the Reduplication kurr: kurl:; Uyg. vIIr ff. Bud. ovkesl k o r a y u r 'his anger
n.0.a.b.; obviously onomatopoeic; the word abates' K~mn. 65: Civ. under the hexagram
dri'd' has proh. fallen out of the MS. before k o r a m a k TT I 54; k i ~ kiigi l k o r a s a r 'if
01-/olriw, which occurs at the beginning of a man's strength diminishes' 56; (if he goes to
a line, in the main entry. Xak. X I in KO$. I 9 bnttle, he is mounded, if he is in the town)
it is said that h is not really a Turkish sound k o r a y u r 'he suffers losses' 68: Xak. XI KB
but occasionally occurs in pause (li'l-wnqf) at (his illness increased and) k o r a d ~kiiqi 1062;
the end of one or two onornatopoeics including k o r a d l sevinq 'happiness has diminished'
du'd'lc'l-jal~iw 'a call to a foal' k u r ~ hk u r t h 6486: K o m . xlv 'to be weakened' x o r a -
\Ia tafdid has been placed over both r g s , prob. C C G ; Gr.: KIP. Y I V k o r a - naqapa 'to de-
by a second hnnd); kurl: kurr: (a call to) crease' (Intrans.) Id. 70.
foal when it has been left behind by (taxaliafa kon:- 'to fence in, or protect (a piece of
an) the mare'; also k u r ~ hk u r ~ h ,the yd'
replaced by ha' I11 223. ground)', and the like. S.i.a.m.l.g., usually as
koru-, with the same and extended meanings.
V U ? S koru: Hap. leg.; as this is a Ktp. word Tiirkii VIII Onfin 12 (ataq): Xak. XI (01)
it may be a Sec. f. of k o r ~ g q.v.;
, if so, of the o t l g korcdl: hamd'l-kala" 'he protected (or
 646 DIS. V
fenced in) the pasture' (etc.) Koj. I11 263 candra's consorts said) &l(l)ig beg uzatr
(korl:r, kor1:ma:k): F a g . xv ff. k o r u - blzni btirter e r t i k a r v a y u r e r t l 'the king
('with -0-') man' rco harZsnt knrdan 'to restrict, has for a lona time been in the habit of feeling
protect' San. 285r. 19. us and groping for us' (with hia delicate hands)
U 111 17, 15-16: Xnk. X I 01 karngku:tla:
kurr:- 'to he, or become, dry'. S.i.a.m.1.g , karva:tlr: 'he ~ n l ~ efor ( l it ('orud(~qnlrrr)in the
usually as k u r u - , often with extended mean- dnrk, arid tollchcd it fceling for ~t (Inmnsohii
ings. Uyj?,. vrll ff. Civ. s u v t a m l r r k u r ~ s a r fdlibo(n)) with his hand in the darkness'; also
yag yavlgku kurryur 'if the supplies of water pronounced k a r w a : d ~ : ; as we have already
dry up, the fresh foliage dries up' T T I explained, anywhere wherr thcre is a -v- it is
55-6; agrzi kurryur 'his mouth dries' VII permissible to rcplnce it hy -w-Knj. III 290
5; 0.0. do. 28, 8 ; VIII 1.2, 6 (isirken-), 7: (knrva:r, karva:ma:k): Gag. xv ff. k a r m a -
Xak. XI kurr:dl: to:n 'the garment (etc.) (spelt) rrthtidnn 'to seize, snatch' San. 269r. 19
became dry' (cngn) Kaj. I11 263 (kurt:r, (quotns.): X w a r . xrv k a r b a - 'to grasp, seize'
kurr:ma:k); do. 264 (kuzr:-) and three 0.0.: Qrctb 133: Kom. x ~ v'to touch, grope for
KB kurl- 'to be, or hecome, dry' is common, (somcthing)' k a r m a - C C G ; Cv.: KIP. xv
67 ( ~ g a ~I)18, (of trees); 133 (of greenery); cassn 'to feel (something) with the hand' (yoka-
943 (metaph. of desire), etc.: x~rr(?) At. k u r u p and) k a r m a - (and k a r m a l a - ) Ttrh. ~ z a .1 3 :
yullnrr 'its springs are dried up' 387; Tef. O s m . x ~ vto xvr k a r v a - 'to grasp, touch,
kurr- (of a tree) 217: X I V Muh. yahisa 'to he, feel'; common ?'TS 1 4 2 9 ; 11 594; 111 418;
or become, dry' k u m - Mcl. 32, 7; Rif. 116; I V 479.
01-yabs k u r r m a k 37, 5; 123; 01-muqallri
'parched' kurumrg 65, 12; ku:rrmlg 164: D k a r v a t - Caus. f. of karva:-; survives in
F a g . xv ff. kuru-(-p) kiln- Vel. 339 (quotn.); SW 'l'km. g a b r a t - . Xak. XI ol a n q ko:-
k u r u - ('with -u-') sriyk judan 'to become dry' yunda: ne:g karvattr: 'hc urgcd the man to
Son. 285r. 19 (quotns.): Kip. XIV kurl- search (yafliih) for something in his bosom';
j.nhira; kurr- (MS. kicr-) dnbh? 'to be parched, also used for anyone who makcs someone feel
faded'; . . . k u r u - nnjofa to sink in, he (nmnssn j,adaJ~rr) for something in a place
absorbed, dry up' Id. 69-70: xv cofi k u r u - which he cannot see with his eyes Kaj. 11
Tiih. rza. 9; nn~ofo k u r u - 36b. 12; yahira 339 (karvatu:r, k a r v a t m x k ) : F a g . xv ff.
kuru- 39b. 12. k a r m a t - Caus. f. ; ricbciyinidan'to ordertoseizc
or snatch' San. 2 6 9 ~ .I (quotn. and correction
Mon. V . GRB- of Vel.'s form k a r m a y g ~ l ) .
S klrp- See krr-, krrk-. D k a r v a n - Refl. f. of karva:-; s.i.s.m.l. as
k a r b a n - (Tkm. garban-)/karman-. Xak.
X I 01 y a n p k (sic) i p e : yarma:k karvandl:
?Fkarwr: n.0.a.b.; there is hardly any doubt 'he searched for money in his leather bag';
that Kaj. is right in describing this as an Ar. also uscd for antnne. who reaches back and
I.-w. Xak. X I karwr: ya: nl-qawrtc'l-fr~cwd gropcs (orcn'n 7cn oyyn!o, MS. in crror
'a recurved (1.e. unstrung) bow'; and one says goyyahn) look in^ for, somcthing k-uj. 11
karml: kaglrg kigl: 'a man with arched 2 j 0 (karvanu:r, karvanma:k): O s m . xrv
(nzncc) eyebrows'; thrs agrees with Ar. because k a r v a n - 'to grasp'; in one text T7'S 1429.
nl-qnrrc is the word for anything curved
(mttqrris) (Ar. quotn.) Kag. III 23y; a.o.1195. 1 D karvag- Co-op. f. of karva:- ; s.i.s.m.l. as
(~orva:~). karhag-/karma$-. See karmng-. Xak. xr
01 maga: suvda: ne:g karvagdt: 'he helped
PU?C k ~ r b a : s Hap. Icg.; this word is dc- mc to grope(fill-'nzudaqo) for something in the
liherately listed undcr find -s, preceding the water'; also in the dark when one searches
cross-heading -9, hut it must surely be an (ynflrcb) for sonlethirig with one's hnnds Ihj.
error for krrbag cr)riipoundcd of 2 krr and I1 221 (knrvagu:r, knrvngmn:k): qng. xv ff.
1 bag 'grey-head'. Kav. X I k r r b a : ~e r 'a man k a r m a ? - ( - ~ p )koroa~-cc ttrtitf- 'to grasp or
whose hair is falling out, and thin not thick' seize one another' Vrl. 321; k a r m a p - 'seize
(ynlandlor . . . fa-yasi' rca Iri yakoll) Kay. I or snatch (rubtidon) together, or one another';
459 and mrtaph. krqti giriftnn 'to wrestle'; the
D ~ S .V. CRB- metaph. meaning is commoner Son. 2691.. 5
(quotn.): O s m . x ~ vkarvag- 'to grasp one
karva:- originally 'to grope for (something another'; in one tcxt T T S I 429 (and see
which you cannot see)' later more broadly 'to q3g., Vrl.).
grasp with the hands or teeth' and the like.
S.i.a.m.1.g. w. a curiously wide range of 'I'ris. G R B
phonetic changes; NE Kiier., Leb., Sag., $or C kurbaka: solrle kind of frog or toad, prnb.
k a r b a - R 11213; Khak. x a r b a - (still with the latter; baka: means 'frog', and I h f .
the original meaning); Tel. and all other suggests that this is o Compound of 3 k u r and
lanpane groups exccpt SIV k a r m a - R II baka:, hut the stntus of 3 k u r is \,cry dubious
216 (which is sonletimes confused with and it is prol,. a Con~poundwith 1 k u r menn-
knrma:la:-); the modem SW forms are Az. ing 'afrog with a belt', or the likc. S.i.s.m.l.;
g n v r a - ; Osm. k a v r a - (from about xvr ?); in N C Kir., Kzx. and some NW languages .
Tkin. pabra-. Uyk. vrlr ff. Bud. (Hnri- bnkn means 'frog' nnd NC k u r b a k a ; NW
 k l r b a k a 'toad', but in SC Uzb. and SW lan-
guagen both mean 'frog' and the latter only
'toad' when preceded by some word like kara:
or y k r . L.-w. in Pe.. Uoerfpr 111 1449. O g u z D klrqal- Hap. leg.; Pass. f. of klrqa:-; the
xr Kaf. III 122 (3 ku:r): xrlr(?) Tej. k l r b a k a Rrammar of the phr. quoted is odd. Xak. XI
'frop' 209: XIV Muh. (under 'aquatic animals') an19 b a g ~ g a : ta:q k r r q a l d ~ :translated 'the
a l - d m ' 'frop' kurba:ka: Mel. 77,h; ku:rba:- atone hit (ofdha) his head and split it'(fnccahu)
ka; Rif. 180: Gag. xvff. k u r b a g a mazag Kag. II 234 (klrqalu:r, krrqa1ma:k).
'frog' Son. 285v. 28 (quotn.): Kip. xrrr nl-
-&pa' k u r b a g a : tlou. 7, 5: xrv ditto Id. 71; T r l s . GRC
Bul. 5 , 4: xv difdn' ( b a g a ; below in nccond
hand) k u r b a g a Tuh. 23a. 7. D kara:qt: apparently N.Ag. fr. kara: in it*
special sense of 'the common people', but the
C k a r a b a g See knra:. form is odd. An early I.-w. in Mong. as koragrc
(Haenisch 60) which is discussed in Doprfpr I
274 (where it is not realized that it is a Turkish
Mon. GRC word); in Mong. it seems to mean 'a man of
k a r q Hap. leg.; onomatopoeic in thc Re- the common people, not related to the family
duplication k a r q kurq. Xak. xr one says c r of Chinggis', which perhaps explains the
(VU) turmuznl: k a r q kurq y6:df: 'the nian curious translation in the Chin.-Uyf. Dict. In
.
crunched (akala . . bi-xadd) the gherkin' Turkish n.0.a.b. Uya. X I V Chin.-Uyf. Dict.
K a b 1343. tzai hsiang 'Prime hlinistcr' (Giies 11,490
4,249; presumably so called because not a
k u r q 'tough, hard', originally in the physical member of the royal family; clearly the Mong.
sense, but also metaph. S.i.a.m.1.g. except word) k a r a q u Ligeli 162 (q.v.); R 11 162:
,SW; particularly applied to metals; in some Xak. X I kara:q~: al-sd'ilu'llndi ya~rifu'l-abwtib
languages now mcans specifically 'steel'. L.-w. 'a hcngar who goen from door to door' Kat.
i n Mong. (ktrrya, Kow. 972), Pe., etc., Doerfer 1 445: X I V Muh.0) bcisa'ni 'beggar' k a r a q ~ :
111 1459. Xak. xr 'steel' (al-?tadidu'l-dnkar) is (unvocalized) Rif. 156 (only): Gag. xvff.
called k u r q t e m l i r ; and it is used to describe k a r a q u ricdl-i stiyira 'nomads' San. 271r. I I
strong (01-rila'd) men, they are called kurq (one Turkish, one Pe. quom.; Mong. forrn and
e r e n 'hard (rildb) men'; also anything which meaning ?): (Kom. xlv see karakqt:): Tkm.
is solid and hard ( m u p a t falb) Kay. I 343; xrv k a r a b q ~ :( - c - ; sic) al-faqir 'a poor man'
a.o. 111287 (kevge:-): K R a t u n alp k a t t g fd. 70.
k u r q 'a hard, strong, tough marksman' 1949;
similar phr. 2271, 591 I : XIV Muh. frlIdP 'steel'
ku:rg t e m i i r Mel. 61, 8; Rif. 160; Kom. XIV
, Mon. ~ R D
'steel' k u r q C C G ; Gr.: KIP. X I I I al-firldd ?D 1 k a r t 'an ulcer', that is a swelling which
k u r q liou. 31, I S . breaks the skin, as opposed to b h , one which
does not; perhaps an Active Dev. N. fr. 2
ka:r-; survives only(?) in N C Ktr. k a r t /
Dis. V. CRC- k a k a r t 'the scab on a wound'. Another word
D k!rga:- lisp. leg, but see der. f.s. There is k a r t meaning 'old' first appeared in Western
a clear semantic connection w. k l r - ; there is dialects in the medieval period and is still
an odd alternation between -q- and -5- in current in NC, NW, SW; it is clearly cognate
y a p g ~ n - ,yapgur-, q.v., and it seema clear to 1 kart: but cannot morpholo~ically be
that this is a Sec. f. of *k~rga:-, Den. V. fr. derived from it. Uya. vllr ff. Bud. T T VI 443
*ktrlg, Dev. N. fr. klr-. X a k , xr 01 o k (ormen): Civ. k a r t 'ulcer' is common in
amaqka: k1rqa:dt: 'the arrow hit the side of H I and I I , e.g. I1 8, 6 7 etc. (8tgilrgii:);
the taraet (ctiniba'f-hadaf) and passed on' zo, 10 etc. (8rmen): Xak. X I k a r t al-qarb
(ma&); that is it was a glancing (01-zdlic) shot 'an ulcer'; hence 'a bad-tempered (of-~akisu'l-
Kaj. 111276 (ktr$a:r, k1rga:ma:k). -mrlrrq) man' is called k a r t e r Kay. 1342; four
0.0. translated qarl~lqarha: xtv n4vh. al-'aqr
D k u r p : - Hap. leg,; Den. V. fr. kurq. NE 'injury, sore' ka:rt Mel. 65, 3; Rif. 164: Fag.
kurqa- R 11953 is a Sec. f. of kurga:- and xv ff. k a r t (spelt) 'illnt-i r i ~ t a'filariasis, the
not connected. Xak. xr yum9a:k ne:o k u r - disease of Guinea worm (Fibria medinensis)',
qa:d~: 'the soft thing became hard' (~nfuba) in Pe. piyzik Snn. 271 v, 20: (Xwar. XIII(?)
KUJ. I11 276 (kurqa:r, kurqa:ma:k: in the b i r k a r t ki$L 'an old man' Of. 313: Kom.
MS. the Perf. and Aor. are misvocalized xlv 'old' k a r t C C I ; G'r.: Krp. xrlI 01-,rajxu'l-
-haram 'a decrepit old man' k a r t (misvocalized
kori); also used of horses Hou. 24, 18: xv
qEi:it- l h p leg.; Caus. f of kirqa:-. Xak. hnrom k a r t (and a b q k a ) Tuh. 3 7 b 8 : O s m .
xt 01 anlg ka:$m k ~ r q a t t l :'he threw a stone xvrr k a r t 'an old man'; in one text T T S 1428:
at him and hit the side of his eyebrow and XVIII k a r t . . . and, in RQmi,zijt rca q m i
split it' (jaccahu; so translated by Kag., it haykal 'ugly, of formidable appearance' Sun.
should be 'he made (a stone) graze his eye- 271 v. 20).
brow'), also of other t h i n ~ s (verse);
; one also
says o k ama:q19 lurqattl: 'the arrow hit the 2 k a r t Hap. leg.; onomatopoeic in the Re-
side of the target and passed through it' duplication k a r t k u r t ; cf. karq k u r ~ .Xak.
 k a r t a l Mrl. 72, 13: Gag. xv ff. k a r t a l 'to make old' Son. 2701. 6: Xwar. XIV ditto
abbreviation of k a r a tal, called in Ar. 'uqdb Qutb 134.
and in Pe. do1 'a largc blaclc eeglc' San. 271 v.
7--r (nnnarmtlv
,.~r - ~- an,attemnt to orovide a false kurat- See kuvrat-.
Pe. ctyn~olopyfor the x i , o r d ) : ' ~ k m .xrrr al- D kurrt- Caus. f. of kur1:-; 'to dry (something
-rinsr 'eagle'(K1p. kiiygen) k a r t a l Hot,. 9,20: Acc.)': S.i.a.m.l.g., usually a s k u r u t - and
xrv k a r t a l nl-'uqrlb Id. 70; a[-nosr ( k 6 ~ g e n sometimes with extended meanings. Cf.
and) karta:l Bril. I 1, 4: xv roxm 'vulture' k u r ~ r - .Uyg. vrrr ff. Civ. kuritrp 'drying' is
(kerges, Pe. I.-w., and) k a r t a l Tulr. 17% 6; a stage in the preparation of various remedies
in do. 36n. 13 k a r t a l is addcd in a second hand H 1 52, 77, 79 ( t ~ l ) ,in 60 metathesize! as
below norr: O s m . xvrrr k a r a t a t in Rimi, kutirip: Xak. XI ku:n to:nug k u r ~ t t i : the
'a bird with a strong hotly' (qnmi-yi cu!!a), sun dried (caffat) the garment (etc.)' Kay. I1
called in Ar. 'uqdb and in Caiatay (sic) b o r g u t 304 (kuritu:r, kur1tma:k); 0.0. I 19, 9
Sun. 271r. 4 (horgiii is a Mong. word meaning (kuruttr:); 514, 5; 524, 25: KB k u n t m a
'golden eade'; there is no trace of this spelling koziig 'do not dr?. your eyes' 1239; 6lig sbni
in any O s n ~ authority).
. sozleyii puk k u r i t m a z tilig 'the king, when
?D k ~ r t i qlit. 'the surface' of the human skin, speaking of you, does not let his tongue dry
up in silence' 3476; (the king, learning of
the ground, a fruit, and the like; hence 'com- Aytoldt's death, said) . . . k a p u g u m k u r ~ t t i g
plexion'; survives in the first meaning in k o r Qttig o r u n 'you have left my door dry
several NE, NC, and N W languages. Morpho- (i.e. unwatched) and made your place, a loss'
logically it might be a Dev. N. fr. *kirt- Caus. 2558 (note pun): xlrl(?) Tef. kurit- to dry'
f. of krr- with which there is some slight 217: XIV Mrth. caffaja ku:rut- Mel. zg, I ;
semantic co;nection. Uyg. V I I I Bud. k l r t ~ g i Rif. 107: Gag. xv ff. k u r u t - (spelt) mrjk kar-
s a r r a r u r his skin (or ~ o m p l e ~ i o nturns
) don 'to dry' Son. 2 8 5 ~ .18: KIP. xrv naffufo
yellow' U I 37, 13; iigi kirtigl his colour 'to dry (e.g. clothes)' kuru:t- Bul. 84v.
and complexion' ZJ I11 23, 1 (ii); a.o. SIIV.
i 593, 21 : Xak. X I k ~ r t t g'the colour of a man D karta:- Ilen. V. fr. 1 k a r t ; 'to remove the
I (ctc.)'s face'; one says korkliig klrtrqlrg scab from (a wound)' and the like; n.o.a.b., but
Ii kigi 'a man with a good complexion' (hasnn cf. karta:l, kartal-, kartan-. Xak. X I (the
Iozuni'l-waclt); and one says y8:r kirti*~: 'the pain of misfortune burnt my innermost heart)
I surface (adim) of the ground' and the like; hut butmi:$ baqig (MS. y~tmi:pyajtk) k a r t a d ~ :
it is not used of the surface of anything else noka'ati'l-qarlta 'it removed the scab from the
I Kag. I 460: K B k a y u bagka k i r s e k u g u healed wound' I 245, 15; b a g n m baqrn
k i r t l g ~'when the mlour of a swan comes to k a r t a d i m naka'tu gar& kibdi bard indimrflihd

1 a man's hcad' 1101; a j u n k1rtlq1 bold1 'I removed the scab from the wound in my
Zangi yiizi 'the world turned the colnurof liver after it had hcaled' I 272. 16; 8.0. II

/! a negl-o's face' (i.e. becamc dark) 3948; similar

phr. & I , 4961, 6213; 0 . 0 5449. 5669: uv
~ l l ~ r h . (bapmtrr'l-much
?) 'the cpidcrmis' krr- I>k u r t g a r - 'to rescue' and the like. Ohvirrusly
! tr:$ [ti/. 140 (only): Gag. xv ff. k l r t i ~($pelt) cognate to k u r t u l - 'to he rescued', q . ~ .the ;
( I ) rign 'down' (on t l ~ csurface of the body) latter is a quite repular Pass. f. of *kurt-; but
. (quotns.) and also sabzn-i tnzrt domido 'a newly
sp~-otrtin~ heard' which will soon brcorne
- g a r - is not a regular Caus. Suff.
obviolis why the Active f. of kurtul- should
and it is not

rlo\vn ;(2) InrA~i'tnnnirl~ matcrial'( ?)which they be a Caus. f. S.i.a.m.1.g.; in S W Az. k u r t a r - ;

put on lcather to tan it Sort. 2y5r. 20: KID. Osm. k u r t a r - ; 'Ikm. g u t a r - ; elsewhere
srrr qijrrr'l-bn!/i.u 'the rind of a melon' k ~ r f l g kutkar-, hut in SE 'l'urki only, and SC IJzb.
Ifnri. 8, 1 2 (MS. in error qirrn): xv Trrh. I jb. I alternatively, kutkaz-, w. some extended
Iva:&). m c a n i n ~ sin most modcrn languages. U y R
vrlr ff. an.
k u r t I f a r d ~yarut(t)l 'he rescued
korda:y a largc bird, perhaps originally and enliphtened' M 111 35, I (ii); k u t k a r - /
'pelican'. Strrvives in NI; Alt., 'Tel. kordoy k u t k a r - 7'T 111 39, 61 ( 2 tap-); 67 (1 tug),
\ 'heron'; S E Tar. kordoy 'pelican' R II 576; 119 (ulrnq~g):Ilud. common in Ktmn., the
S R Tiirki koday 'swan' Sl~nro214. Jarring norn~alform is k u t g a r u r , v.1. k u r t g a r u r in
250, Xak. X I knrda:y nl-ha7c~rlsil(see kugu:) sorne R1SS. in 104, 121 ; k u t f p r l ~'rescue me'
Kaj. III 240 (verse); a,,,. 11 177, I r : KII k u g u 1' 51, 7 ; k u t a r g a y m e n (sic) ' I will save' fyou
1'
korday e f s e 5377. all) (lo. 76, 6 ; a.n. Srrr.. 166, 5 (ozgur-):
Xak. X I tegri: meni: kutgardr: 'God rescued
me (nocciini) from suffering' Kaj. I 1 192 ( k ~ t -
D ~ S .V . (:RII- g a r u r , kutgarma:k); a.0. I I 201, 13; In a
IYkartt- Calls. f. of k e n : - ; 'to make (some- rather confused discussion of Caus. Suffs. in
one) old'. Survives in NC I<lr.; SC Uzb. Xak. 11 199 it is said that the -R- is introduced for
X I iidlek ant: karrttl: 'tinle made him an old the sake of etrphony and that if this had not
. r ) I1 304(karrtu:r, karrtma:k;
~ n n n ' ( $ a ~ KOJ. heen done the word would have been kut-
prov., see ta'lk-): K O Ukilg beg k a r r t t ~karr- rardr:; the hasis of this statement is ohacure
m a z ozi '(this-world) has made many befs hut it may indicate that Kay. was aware of the
old, hut docs not itsclf Erow old' 404; a.0. fnrm k u r t g a r - : XIII(?) Tef, k u r t a r - l k u t k a r - /
5133: Gag. xv ff. korrt- CBUS.f.; pir kardon k u t a r - 'to rescue' (from sorrow, misfortune,
 XI ellg k a r t k u r t e t t k tnfnrqa'oti'f-aidbi' 'the 1472. U y g . vrlr ff. Civ. n u g a d l r t o g r a g u
finger snapped' Kq. 1 3 4 2 . k u r t (sic) b i r l e k a t ~ p'crush sal ammonrac
(Iranian I.-w.) and mix it with dried curds'
D k r r t Dev. N./A. fr. k1r-; survives with the N 181-2; k u r u t is mentioned among articles
same meaning in N\V Kaz. R I I 7 5 5 (where it is subject to tan USp. 14, 12; z r , 1 2 (tiiton):
falsely described as 'onomatopoeic'). Cf. ksrk-. S n k . xr k u r u t a/-iqi! 'cheese made of dried
X a k . X I k l r t o t nl-tmhttr'l-qalir 'short grass'; curds' Kaj. I 357; 0.0. 11 15 (sag-); 81
and 'short hair' is called k r r t s a c ; and a 'miser ( s o g u r - ) : K B 4442 ( a z a r ) : xlv Muh. 01-nroyf
of bad character' (01-bnxilrr'l-soyyd-.wrItrq) is '(concentrated) whey' ku:ru:t Add. 66, 9 ; Rif.
called kart kivi: Koj. 1 3 4 2 . 166: Cng. xv ff. k u r u t knrk 'dried curds'
1 k u r t ( k u r d ) 'rvorm'. S.i.a.nl.1.g. Tiirkiivlrl Son. z86r. 23; k n r a k u r u t 'whey which they
Toy. 28 ( E T I ' I I 59; agu:lug): Uyg. .vllr ff. boil and make into ctlrds'; and the liquid they
Bud. U 111 32, 3 (kor~uz): Civ. t l g n l k u r t boil again until it coagulates; it is very acid
y b s e r 'if a wonn consumes a tooth' H I 70; and disapreeable (sard) and dry, and lowers the
(in do. 82 k u r t is a mis-spelling of k u r u t ) : blood pressure (mirsnkkin-i !riddot-i xrin), callcd
X a k . xi k u r t 'worm' (01-drid) among all the in Ar. nragf do. 2 7 1 ~ .I ; a.0. 2 0 7 ~ 26(syn.
. of
Turks; and the O g u z call 'the wolf' (al-di'b) q a k ~ l t a ka word not noted earlier than Son.):
k u r t Kay. I 342; a.n. 111 6, 3 (tiril-): K B KIP. x r ~ r a/-iqot roo hirzun'l-(VU) cartdn
({then the body gets fat) y ~ l a nk u r t a n u k (unidentifiable, see I-lorc., p. go) k u r u t ; and
'snakes and worms (pet) ready (to devour it)' they have another very black suhstatlce which
5844: xlv'ndrth. dobibrr'l-or4 'things that creep they make from milk and sour cream (?.nl-ma$$)
on the ground' y4:r k u r d t : Me/. 45, 8 ; Rif. and store in cleaned bladders (01-kurtif) and
138; 01-drid k u : r t 74, 6 ; 177: G a g . xv ff k u r t cut in pieces with a knife; it is more acid than
('with -I]-') ( I ) kivnr 'worm', in Ar. drid Son. pornepranate seeds and they call it k a r a :
z86r. I (quotn.): X w a r . s i v k u r t 'worm' kuru:t that is 'black crrrtfin' Horr. 16. 14: xlv
Qrrth 14s: K o m . s l v ditto C C I , C C G ; Gr.: k u r u t ol-iqo!; k a r a : k u r u t 'a black, w r y acid
KIP. X I I I k u r t . . . is also 01-drid Horr. 11, 3: kind' Id. 70; 'black (VLJ) corto'tr, very acid'
srv T k m . k u r t (both 01-di'b and) 01-diid fd. k a r a : k u r u t ( d ) I3ul. 8, 3 : xv iqn! k u r u t (and
70; KIP.(?) 01-drid k u t t (a) (sic) Brrl. X I , 5: bt$lak) Trrh. [;a. 3 : O s m . x v ~ff. k u r u t 'dried
s v 01-s~mnJrrs 'black-beetle' donguz1a:n k u r t l : curds' in several Ar. and I'e. dicts. T T S I
Kna. 62, 9: d i d k u r t (and other words) Tirh. 5or ; I V 556.
1 5 b 3: stis ruo'l-drid '~\-ee~sil, worm' k u r t do. ?D k a r d u : Hap. leg.; perhaps Den. N. in
19b. I . -du: fr. 1 ka:r, hut the existence of this Suff.
2 k u r t ( k u r d ) 'wolf'. A purely \irestern is duubtful. X a k . xr k a r d u : 'pellets (habba)
(Oiuz) word, early occurrences clearly reprc- of ice of the size of hazel-nuts which form on
senting ORuz elements in the languages con- the surface of water in sudden extreme cold'
ccrncd. It is not clear whether both this and (fi'l-znmhorir) Koj. I 419 (verse).
1 k u r t a o back to some more general word for ( I ) ) , k u r t g n : 'old woman'; the feminine
'an ilnpleasant crenturr', o r whether 1 k u r t equlvalcnt o f a v ~ q g a :and, like i t , an old \vr~rd
was pivm this additional mean in^ in Okuz for criclit~pin -En:; n.n.a.h. 'Tiirkii vlrr ff. IrkU
sonic unknown rcason, or whether the words 13 (te9ri:lig): Man. A2 111 r r , rg (i) (E
arc cntirclv independent from one another. ersi:-): Uyg. vlrr ff. Man. Ad II 11, 16, etc.
Survives only in S\V Az. gurcl; Osm. k u r t (t6trii:): X n k . xr k u r t a : ~ : (11-'ncriz 'the old
( k u r d - Iwforc vnwcls); 'l'km. c u : r t ( ? a false \voinan' Kog. III 25y, 10; n.nl.e.: K11 b u
1r)iip vowrl). O g u z X I KO$.1 342 (1 k u r t ) : k u r t g a 'this olcl (n nrld)' 1547 ; a.0. 399 (ersel) :
u!rr(?) Cf.k u r t 'wolf' 218: srv RhR. ditto see xrrr(?) 7't-f. (my wifc is) k u r t k a : (sic) 'an old
7;:f. 218; A,lrrlr. ol-rli'h k u r t ild~l.72, 4 ; ku:rf woman' 218: srv N h f . ditto R I1 9.48 (quotns.):
Rjf. 174: G a g . ~ v f f .k u r t ('with -u-') . . . Gag. xv fF. kurtfia: (sprlt) 'ncrizo roo p i c d l
( 2 ) prrrE '\volf', in ;\r. 4 . h Sotr. 286r. I : X w a r .
('en old man of authority') Snn. z8hr. 5: X w a r .
sill(?) k u r t l 'wolf' 'Ali 42 : 'Tkm. xlrr 01-di'b X I V k u r t g a l k u r t k a 'old wnnlan' Qlrth 14s:
. . . k u r t (Kip. biirii:) IJorl. r r , 3: xrv k u r t Korn. xlv 'old \r.nnlan7 k u r t l t a CCf,; G r .
01-di'h (and also 01-driri) Id. 70; nl-di'h (borii:,
alsrr) k u t t (d) hi() nrrl. 10, 6 : xv nl-cfi'h 1) karta:l prima facie Pass. I)ev. N.!A. fr.
(bii:ri:, also) k u r t (RIS. krrrrrt) Kart. 62, 7. k a r t a : - ; if rrr, perhaps originally 'spotted,
striped', o r the like; except in Kag. it con-
sistvntly means sr~rnekind of 'eaglc' o r 'vul-
'1: k a r ~ tIlap. leg.; thc word ha5 no ohvious ture', prrhap- nririn~lly'a spotted o r striped
'I'urkish etyrtlr)lopv, and ~ T n f .rnay be ripht, hird'. Su~.vives only(?) in SW Az. g a r t a l
hut 01-driro properly 'invasion, raid, plunder'. 'eaplc'; Osrn. k a r t a l 'the Arabian vliture,
'l'krn. sr k a r l t sohh 'ahuse, insult'; I reckon Vrrltrrr tnonnrhrrr' (Rrd.). I,.-w. in Pe., rtc..
that it is plnpiarizcd (nmtrlrrilo) from the Ar. I)orr/t.r 111 1.154. X a k . xr karta:l e t ol-
jdrol KG$. I 356. -1obmtr'l-mrrrozza' 'slicrd meat' (?this is the
nnr~nal nlraninp, I>rit .9tritr~orr pivcs the
I ) k l ~ r r l I)ev.
t N. ir. kur1:- ; 'dricd curds uscd nltcrnative n~rariinp 'spotted'): krtrtn:l ko:y
as a L ~ n dof hard cheese'. S.i.a.m.l.g.,normally nl-orqnf minn'l-&~narn 'a black and white
as k u r u t , hut k u r t In some NC, NW lan- spr~ttc<lsherp' KO$. 1 483: xlv Mrrh.(?) ol-
Kuapcs. I,.-IV. in Rlnnp., I'e.. etc. Docrfrr I1 I -'rrqtih ' ~ , , l c l r ~ ~ r a ~ l r ' ( kknurga;:nnc MS. ndds)
 etc.) 218-19: X I V Rl12, k u t k a r - (sic) 'to rescue' I) kart1a:- Ilap. leg.; Ilen. V. fr. 1 k a r t .
R II qgq(quotn.);~Mtrh.(?) xnllnsn(MS. xnlojn) X s k . X I 01 e r i g kart1a:dl: nasnhahu ild
rrn fnrnqn 'to rcscue; to separate' k u t g a : r - yakrisoti'l-.r~rlq'he accused the man of being
I
Rif. 108(only): Gag. xv ff kutkar-(-U) kurtar- hnd-tempered'; also used when one treats an
VPI. 336 (quotn.); k u t k a r - Car~s.f.; xal<i$ ulcer (o$la!ta'l-qorho) Kas. 111 445 (kartla:r,
hntdnn 'to relcase' Son. z8zv. 28 (quotns.): knrt1a:mn:k).
X w a r . X I V k u r t k a r - 'to release, rescue' Qrrfh
r q s ; k u t g a r - rlo. 1 ~ 6Nohc.
; 2s4, 13; 370, [.+; D kurtla:- 1)cn. 1'. fr. 1 k u r t ; s.i.s.m.l. as
k u t k s r - grr,/,1 ~ 6 : om. stv 'to k u r t l a - (of fruit, nicat, ctc.) 'to I)c worm-
rederm' k u t k a r - / k u t x a r - CCC;; Gr. 205 eaten, full of worms'. Cf, k u r t a n - . Xnk. X I
(quotns.): KIP. s v tn.vnlln~n k u t k a r - T~rh. feweY kurt1a:dl: 'he rid (nnzn'a) thc camel
lob. 6 ; xallafn ditto 141,. 13. (etc.) of \vorrna' Kas. I11 447, 3 (in a gram-
matical section); n.m.e.
I) k a r t a l - Ilap. ICE.;Pass. f. of karta:-. X a k .
xr a n t g k a r t i : kartaldl: nuki'at qarbat~rhti L) k a r t a n - Itcfl. f. of k a r t s : - ; n.0.a.h. X a k .
'his ulcer had the scab renioved from it' Kaj. X I e r k a r t l n k a r t a n d l : 'the mnn treated(da'7ca')
11 234 ( k a r t a l u : r , karta1ma:k). his own ulcer'; and one says to someone ii:z
, kurtul- Pass, f. of *kurt-,
'to be r c s c ~ ~ esaved',
d,
kurtgar- kart" J a r t a n 'treat and cure ((tfi7uiwa 'dlic)
2nd the like. S.i.a.m.1.g. ~ ~ ~ ~ a s ~ ~~ , ~l ~ ~' ~i $ ~' ~ c ~ ~ ~
except N['; in S i i ' A z . g u r t u l - ; Osm. k u r -
(kartanu:r, kartanma:k); (in a para. on the
t u l - ; Tkm. g u t u l - ; elqewhere kutul-. Uyg. f.) for the phr. er kar-
\,rll ff, RIan.-A (mas our souls attain) k u r t u l - tan'll: 'the lnan trcatcd (adaha) his own
rnak boSunmak a n d liberation9
M I 29, 32: Man. [Gal,] kutrultl '1'7'111 z 5 ; ulcer'3 (the Refl, f. being used) in place of the
Tran'' "' karta:- I' 25!7p5'
[pap] kutrultaql [ ~ n p jT7'JX 28: Bud. hot!
k u r t u l - and k u t r u l - 'to hc rescued, saved D k u r t n n - 1 I , , ~ .lrp.; ~ ~I ) 0~ V,
~. fr,
, 1 kurt;
arc common, c.g. k u r t u l m a k yo1 'the way of cf. kurt1a:-. Xak. xr kiig k u r t a n d l : 'the
snlvatiot~'PP 52, I ; k u r t u l - is common in
T T V I and Krrflll. and occllrs in T T X 273,
maidservant deloused herself' (i!ttnkknt . .
minn'~-qn~~t/); originally it mcant 'looked for
.
liut in one &IS. of Krra?t. the form is con- worms on shecp' (!alahn'l-dtid tninn'l-2anam)
sistently k u t r u l - which also occurs in U III Kay. I1 248 ( k u r t a n ~ ~ :kurtanma:k).
r,
26, 23; TT V 24,78 (egrik); VII 40, 32: Civ.
k u t r u l t l T T I 92: X a k . X I ura:gut k u r - D 1 k a r t u r - Hap. leg.; Caus. f. of 1 k a r - ; cf.
tuldl: zcalohti'i-mar'n 'the woman was de- k a t t u r - . O g u z XI 01 a g a r ya:g ta1ka:nka:
livered of a ~ t i i l d ' and
; one says e r emge:ktin k a r t u r d l : 'he told him to mix (acdahahu) oil
k u r t u l d ~ : the man was rclievcd (naca') of with the crushed grain' Kay. 11 190 ( k a r t u r u r ,
pain1; (verse); the origin was kutaldl: (sic) karturma:k).
Kar. 11 233 (kurtulu:r, kurtu1ma:k)-er
emRektin kutuldl:, satme translation (kutu- L) 2 k a r t u r - Caus. f. of 2 ka:r-; n.0.a.b. Xak.
lur, kutulma:k); one also says u r a : g u t XI 01 anl: suvka: karturtll: a ~ a , t ~ a hbi'l-u
kutuldl: cthe nonlan deliVcrcd of a child -It~q??lo 7ca naraqnhtr bi'l-nm;' 'he made him choke
and from, weariness ofchild-hearingb; 'vitli a gobljet or with watcr' k h j . II 190 (fol-
there are two points of view ( ~ c n c habout ~ ~ ) this lowed by 1 k a r t u r - ; the two Ar. V.S are
rVnrd; is that i t is .?hbreviation of s~-nnnyntous,hilt seen1 to be uscd with solids
k o r t u l - 'to bc rclieved frnni pain' and the other ""d liquids rcsllccti"el~).
D k l r t u r - C a u r t of k l r - ; s.i.s.m.l. with the
S ~ range
C of meanings as k l r - . Xak. 01
one is saved 11 121; a,o. I s20: K O (all a g a r yC:r k ~ r t u r d l :knllafohtr 'nl~iqnfri'l-ar(i
the f'rophct's nnxicty was fnr the common 'he set him to scrape thc ground' (ctc.) Koj.
people) k u t u l m a k tiler e r d i 'hc constantly 11 190 (kmtUrUr, klrturma:k),
w~shcdfor their salvation' 40; k u t u l d l OZUQ I
'\.ou have been saved' 671 ; a.0. 1040: x ~ l l ( ? )
(if 1 have Thy favour) kutuld1 ijziim 'my soul
L) k u r t u r - Caus. f. of k u r - ; s.i.s.m.1. X a k .
01 mnga: ya: k u r t u r d l : 'he ordered me to \
lras been saved' 39; Tef. k u r t u l - i k u t u l - 'to string ('a15 tarotir) the bow'; and one says xa:n
be saved; to be delirered.of a child' 218-19: a g a r qowa:q k u r t u r d t : 'the king ordered him
q a g . xv ff. kut~11-hfrrttll- F'PI. 336 (quotn.),; to open (bi-nnjr) the royal parasol'; and one
k u r t u l - (spelt) xn/3s ~un'nn'to he released, says xa:n begke: sii:sin k u r t u r d l : 'the king
also pronounced k u t u l - Son. 2 8 4 ~ .4 (verse, ordered the beg to mobilize (hi-cam') his a m y '
Vel.'s spelling kutkrrl- corrected); k u t u l - Kay. II 190 ( k u r t u r u r , kurturrna:k); a.o.
( s p ~ l t ) ditto; also pronounced k u r t u l - do. II 198. 15: Gag. xvff. k u r d u r - CBUJ.f. of
282\.. I t (quotns.): Xw-ar. XIv k u r t u l - 'to be k u r - Son. ~ 82 (no ~ translation).
~ .
saved' Qrrtb 145; kutul- do. 146; k u r t u l - /
k u t u l - AfN 176, ctc.: K o m . X I V 'to be freed, D k u r d a 9 - Hap. leg.; Co-'op. Den. V. fr.
to escape' kutul- C C I ; k u t t u l - C C G ; Gr. 2 k u r ; it is u n ~ ~ s ufor
a l Ilcn. V.s to be formed
205 (quotns.): T k m . x ~ vk u r t u l - , also pro- with -dn:- fr. N.s ending in -r. Xnk. X I 01
nounced k u r t u l - nncd; KIP. k u p l - id. 70: b e g birle: kurdagdl: calasn ma'a'l-amir Ji
s v (..inllap~k u t k a r - and) [xala~a]k u p l - Tuh. rnnrtabntihi wa Rnyruhrr (sic ? gnyrilri after nmir
rqb. 13; nncd kutul-/kurWl- do. 3 7 a 13. intended) 'he sat with the beg (etc.?) in his
 (proper) position' Kay. 11 218 (kurdagu:r, in -p- with some extended meanings. Cf.
kurdagma:k). yug1a:-. Ttirkti vrlr ff. Man. (they lay the
sheep down and) yugin k l r k a r i a r 'shear their
T r i s . GRD wool' M 11133, q(ii): Xak. X I 01 ko:yln (MS.
D k u r u t l u g Ifap. leg.?; P.N./A. fr. kurut. ko:yun) klrkdt: he sheared (cazza) his sheep'
Xak. X I k u r u t l u e kigi: 'a man who owns (etc.). Kal. 111 422 (klrka:r, k1rkma:k):
dried curds' (a!-iqi1);'it is the equivalent to the xrv Muh. al-qa;$ 'to cut off, clip' k l r k m a k
Ar. phr. racrrl tdmir wa l a i n that is 'who owns Mel. 36, 13 (Rif. 1122 ktr-): GaR. ,xv ff. klrk-
dates and milk' Ka?. 1494. (spelt) turdlidan wa mJ suturdnn to shave or
shear, to remove wool'; torciji of a caTenter
1) kirttglrg P.N./A. fr, klrtlg; survives in (naccdri, i.e. 'to plane, shave down wood , etc.)
NC Klr. klrtigtu: (land) 'with the surface is yon- San. 294r. 29 (quotn.); a.o. 346v 28
intact' (i.e. not ~ l o u ~ h e d )Kzx. ; k l r t ~ s t t (yon-)-klrp- (spelt) xar@idan a z xzuurdan
'covered with a layer' (of turf, fat, etc.). Xak. wagtidajtan-i tir tua sanz 'to graze' in the sense
X I Kaj. 1 4 6 1 (klrtlg). of an arrow or stone which hits and passes on,
but x a r d ~ 'toi scrape', etc. of a file (rJhrln) and
T r i s . V. ~ R D - the like is klr- 294r 17; a.o. zg3v. 17 (klr-):
1) kurutsa:- Hap. leg.; Desid. Den. V. fr. K o m . X I V 'to shorten' klrk- CCG; Gr. : RIP.
k u r u t . Xak. X I e r kurutsa:dt: 'the man X I I I cazza 'to shear' in the sense of shearing
longed for dried curds' (al-aqit) Kal. 111 332 wool off a sheep k i r k - Hou. 39, 8: xrv klrk-
(kurutsa:r, kurutsa:ma:k). cazza'l-$iif id. 70; klrp- ('with -p-') xaffafa'l-
- ~ a ' r'to shorten (lit. lighten) the hair' do. 71:
D k1rtigla:- Den. V. fr. k r r t ~ g ;survives in xv cazza ayya'l-ja'r wa'l-$Gf klrk- Tuh. lab.
NE Alt., Tel.; NC Klr. k t r t ~ g t a - ; Kzx. t ; q q i a k l r k - do. 3oa. I (with a marginal note
k ~ r t ~ s t a'to- remove the superficial layer (of 'also with -p-').
something)', e.g. fat from a hide. Xak. XI 01
sagrl:ni: ktrt1gla:dl: 'he scraped the surface k o r k - 'to fear, be afraid of (someone or some-
( q a j ~ a r adim)
a of the raw hide' (etc.) Kay. 111 thing)'; with the Object in the Dat. in the
350 (klrtlgla:r, kirtlp1a:ma:k). earliest period, and normally the Abl. later.
C.i.a.p.a.l., occasionally as koruk-. TilrkU
D klrtrglan- Refl. f. of klrt1gla:-; survives vrlr neke: korku:rbiz 'what are we afraid of?'
in several NE and NC languages (R 1 1756-7) T 39; k o r k m a d ~ m l z'we were not afraid'
with the same and extended meanings. Xak. T 41 : vlIr ff. kigi: korkmi:g korkma: tbmlg
xr kl:z klrtlglandi: hawna rawnapu'l-cdriya 'the man was afraid; he said "do not be
wa naddra wachihd 'the slave girl had a glow- afraid"' IrkB 2; 8.0. do. 19: Man. korkrnak
ing, bright face' Kar. 11 272 (kirtlglanu:r, 'fear' Chrias. 181; k o r k m a t l n 'without fear-
krrtlg1anma:k). ing (God)' do. z r r ; 0.0. T T II 6, 32 (bez-);
M 1 6 , 9 (belig1e:-): Uyg. VIII ff. Bud. nlz-
Mon. GRe vanilarka e r t i r ~ i ki o r k u p 'being very much
k i r k 'forty'; c.i.a.p.a.1.; in some NE and NW afraid of the emotions' (Sogdian I.-w.) U I11
75, 6-7; ijlum a d a k a k o r k s a r 'if (you) fear
languages pronounced klrrk. Tiirku vrrr
k t r k artukl: y6tk yoll: siilemlg 'he made the danger of death' PP 32, 4; a.0. do. I r , 1-2
forty-seven campaigns' I E 15; a.o. I NE: (bodun); Suo. 5, 10, etc. (belig1e:-), etc., esp.
V I I I ff. Man. Iki k l r k tigln 'with 32 tee!h' in TT X: xrv Chin.-U>$. Dirt. chii p'a
Chtras. 54-5: Yen. sekiz k i r k yagima: In 'afraid' (Giles 3,021 8,539) k o r k u p eymenip
my 38th year' Mal. 29, 4: Uyg. vrrr ff. Bud. Ligeti 168: Xak. X I kul tegri:din korkdt:
the pages of the chapters of Suv. are num- 'the slave (i.e. Moslem) feared (xr7fa . . . min)
hcred iklnti Ulilg otuz '1130'; ikinti uliig b i r God' Kaj. 111421 (korkar, korkma:k; prov.,
. k l r k 'I1 3r1;etc.: Civ. the pages of T l ' I are verse); (the mouse born in a mill) k o k kBkre-
similarly numbered i k i k ~ r k'32' 108ff.: kige: k o r k m a : ~'is not afraid of thunder'
0. Kir. I X ff. tokuz k l r k y a y m d a : 'in my III 282, 20; two 0.0. (in all the Object is twice
39th year' Mal. 10, 5 ; 23, I ; a.o.0.: Xak. X I in the Dat. and twice in the Abl., the latter
k l r k a[-arba'tin fi'l-'adad 'forty' Kay. I 349 perhaps influenced by the Ar. idiom xdfa
(prov.): K R kimig k l r k t a k e p e tirigltk min): K R (if you look at the begs) k o r k u Nr
y a p '&oever passes the age of forty' 364: kall k o r k m a s a s e n k u ~ i i nk o r k t N r 'stand
XIV Muh. arba'tin k l r k Mel. 8 I , I 3 ; Rif. I 87 :
in fear of them; if you do not fear, they will
F a % xv ff. k i r k 'forty'; (also the name of frighten you by their strength' 656; b u t11
an zbeg clan) San. 295r. 27: Xwar. XIXI(?) yaslga k o r k s a e m d i Bziig 'if you yourself
k l r i k (sic) 'forty' 02. I r ff. : KIP. xrrr arba'cn now fear the damage done by this tongue' 983;
k t r k Hou. 22, I I : xrv ditto id. 70; Bul. 12, 0.0. (no Object) 773, 2288, 2299: XIII(?)Tef.
12: xv ditto Kav. 39, 4 ; 65, 8; Tuh. 60b. 9. k o r k - (once spelt Ka:rk-) 'to fear' (202,) 214:
xrv Rbg. la'natdm 6zi k o r k m a d l 'he did not
himself fear the curse' R 11 563; Muh. xd a
Mon. -V.GRG; ko:rk- Me1 25, I I ; Rif. 108; al-xaaf k o d -
D k i r k - Emphatic f. of k i r - ; 'to shear' (sheep m a k 13, 12; 36.5; 89, 122: Gag. xvff. kork-
a d the like). S.i.a.m.l.g., occasionally as tarsidan 'to fear' Sun. 285r. 6 (quotns.): Xwar.
klrik- ; in SW the forms are Az. glrp- ; Osm. xrrr(?) calag hulagdln k o r u k m a z (sic)
klrk-/klrp-; Tkm. $rrk-/&rp-, the forms t u r u r (?d-) 'he fears nothing and nobody'
 DIS.
dry' PP 7, 8 ; tlinll kiinll k u r u g erttirser movable property there) I I E 37; kargu:
'if he spends nights and days aimlessly' U 111 T 34 (edgikti:); 53 (olgurt-): Uyg. V I I I
28, 19; 0.0. TT'V 26, 93 (kal-); 96 (ttigsiiz); Kern(?) kargu:slnda: 'at the watch-tower of
the Buddhist technical term itinyatd 'empti- Kern(?)' should perhaps be read in $u. S I
ness, non-reality', and the like is translated yak ...
for kern(?) kargu:- dl:: Xak. xr kargu:
k u r u k TI' V I passim; ulug k u r u g klllp 'a thing built in the shape of a minaret (al-
'laying waste to the country' TI' X 54: Civ. -mandro) on the top of a mountain; a fire is
k u r u g (physically) 'dry' is common If I 83, lit on it when the enemy approaches, so that
etc. (liziim); T T VIII 1.19 (oagurak): Xak. everyone can stand to anns ( y a ' x u d . . . uhba-
xr k u r u g ev 'a h o u ~ ewhich is empty (xdli) tahu) KO$.I 426; kargu:y similar translation
; one says k u r u g olma: I11 241.
of people or ~ o o d r ' and
'a dry (ydbir) jar'; the origin of the phr. is that
any vessel which is emptied of its contents is VU(D) korgu: n.0.a.b.; prima facie a Dev.
called k u r u g ; k u r u g 'dry' (01-ydbis) of any- N./A.; not semantically connected with k u r -
thing; the first meaning corresponds (rdci'a) but perhaps a crasis of *korkgu: fr. kork-.
to this one Kay. 1 375; k u r u k (sic) k a ~ u k Xak. X I korgu: e r a(-raculu'l-fayydj 'a heed-
agrzka: yarama:s k u r u g s6:z kulakka: less, irresponsible man' Kay. 1 426: (example
y a k l g m a : ~'a dry (ydbir) spoon is no use to of a word ending in -u:) al-raculu'l-noziq
the mouth, a remark which serves no purpose ditto korgu: 1 1 8 , 12.
(Id manfa'o filii) does not reach the ear' I 383, D karga:p Dev. N. fr. karga:-; 'a curse'.
5 ; a.0. 11182 ('false' yalal-) and others trans-
Survives in NW Kk., Kaz. k a r g a w ; Kumyk,
lated yabis: KB (why am I wandering about) Nog. k a r g a v ; cf. karglq. Xak. XI karga:g
k u r u g 'aimlessly'? 467; 0.0. 108 (kal-), 1576
(i:ril-): XIII(?)Tef. k u r u g 'dry' 219; a.o. 217 (MS. korga:k, but among words ending in -g)
(3 k u r ) : X I V Jfiih. al-ycibir kurl: Mel. 54, I 3 ; 'a curse' (01-la'n); hence one says tevrl:
kuru: Rif. 19; 01-qadid 'dried meat' kuru: karga:&ga: ilinme: 'do not incur the curse
e t 65, 10; 164 (mis-s elt kuru:d el); a.0. 78, of God' Kaf. 11 288; (a.0. I 467, error, see
karga:).
9; 182 (iiziim): Gag. xvff. k u r u g / k u r u k
x ~ q k'dry' VeL. 339 (quotns.); San. 286r. 24 D 1 ktrga:g Hap. leg.; Dev. N. fr. 1 1urga:-.
(quotns.): X w a r . x ~ kurl/kuru/kurug
v 'dry; Xak. XI k1rga:g 'the anger(2adab) of a chief
useless' Qutb 145; MN 8: KIP. XIII of-barr or king directed at his subo~dinates';hence one
'dry land' kuru: also (al-him& see korlg), and says xa:n am: klrga:d~: the king was angry
al-ycibis wa'l-ndp'f 'absorbent' Hou. 6, I ; a.0. (gbdaba) with him, and shunned him' (a'rada
do. 27, r (opposite to 'moist' a : ~ ) :xlv kuru:
'! anhrr); they distinguish between the curse of
al-xafin ('rough') wa'l-ydbis d. 69; Bul. 8, 7 God on His servants and the curse of one
(iiziim); 8, 9 (1 kak): xv camdd 'dry (soil, servant (of God) on another of his own kind,
etc.)' k u r u Tuh. 12a. 3; Kav. 63, 8 (cziim): by placing a fatha (on the qci/) in the first case
O s m . xv ff. k u r u 'dry, empty, empty-handed, and a kasra in the second; just as they dis-
valueless', and the like; 'dry land'; c.1.a.p. tinguish between the envoy (rarril, i.e. Prophet)
TTS 1499; I1 668; 111469; I V 555. of God, and the envoy of a king, and call the
'

ID 2 *kurug See kuruglug. first yala:va$ (-f-) and the second ya1a:var
(-f-) in the Uyg. language Ka$. II 288.
karga: properly 'crow1, but sometimes also
used for other large black birds like 'rook' and D 2 klrga:g Hap. leg. but see klrgagltg;
'raven'; an old animal name ending in +a:. Dev. N. fr. 2 * k ~ r g a : - ; there is an obvious
I,.-w. in Pe., etc., see Doerfer I11 1386. Cf. connection with Ca&. klrlg/klrlk (see klruk)
kuzgun. Uyg. V I I I ff. Bud. (one of seven which looks like a Se& f. of kldlg;.the sound
undesirable forms of rebirth) karganfg 'as change d > r is not well attested in Turkish,
a crow' U 11 32, 55: Xak. XI karga: crow' but d > z does occur in some languages and
(al-gtirdb) Kay. 1 425 (prov., verse) ; 0.0. I 254, z > r in the whole I/r Turkish group (Studier,
20; 467 (?, t a r m a k ) ; I1 26, z : XIV Mith. pp. 37 ff., etc.). Xak. XI k1rga:g kifdfu'l-lamb
a[-girrdb karga: Mel. 73, I ; Rif. 175: Gag. wa !urratihi 'the selvages of a garment and its
xv ff. k a r g a kol@ 'crow' Sun. 272r. 8: Xwar. edge' Kah I1288.
xrv ditto Qutb 133: Kl XIII al-&rdb karga:
Hou. lo, 8 : x ~ vditto l% 70; Bul.. 11, r r : xv ? k u r g a k (kurga:k) Dev. N. fr. kurga:-;
ditto Kav. 62, 14; girrrTb k a r g a (and kuzgun) dry land; dryness, drought'. Survives in NE,
Tuh. 26b. 3. NC, NW k u r g a k ; SC Uzb. kurgok; SW
Az. g u r a g : Osm. k u r a k : Tkrn. g u r a k ; Kaj.'s
kargu: 'a watch-tower with a beacon on the PU kurka:g seems to belong here, but is a
top to give raid warnings'. Ka~.'salternative dubious form, it is out of alphabetical order
form kargu:y is Hap. leg. but perhaps an and the qdf is not vocalized; k u r g a g would be
earlier form, since in I I E 37 the word looks a more plausible form. Uyg. vlrr ff. Bud. (if
more like karguii than anything else and an I have killed creatures that live in the water)
evolution karguii > kargu:y > kargu: IS k u r g a k d a kemlwip 'by throwing them on dry
quite plausible. Tlirkii VIII S e l e ~ e :kogl: land', or k u r g a k d a k l tlnllglarag 'creatures
yorlpan kargufi(?) k l s ~ l t a :'marching down that live on dry land' (by throwing them in the
the Selenw river I blockaded the watch- water) U1177, 28; 8 6 , 4 5 4 ; T T I V 10, 9-10:
towers' (and destroyed their dwellings and Xak. XI k u r g a k ylltn f i 'dmi'l-qah! 'in a year
 DIS. V
lirq lohu ma' akbnri'l-brtzcih 'a sparrow-hawk (yohisat) for lack of rain' Kay. 111 290 (kur-
does not quarrel with the biggest of the ga:r, kurga:ma:k).
falcons' 11 95, 8 : X I V Muh. bciyiq krrgu: Mel.
72, 13; Rif. 175: (jag. xv ff. k l r g u the name D kargat- Caus. f, of karga:-; s.i.s.m.1. Xak.
of a hunting hird of the same k ~ n das a falcon XI 01 ye:kni: k a r g a t t ~ al'ona'l-yay[cin
: 'he had
(bdz) but smaller, which thcy call 'a sparrow the devil cursed' Kay. I 1 338 (kargatu:r.
hawk' (bqa) Sun. z95r 24: (Korn. X I 'nightin- kargatrna:k).
gale' k o r g u y (an inexplicable error) C C G ; D(S) klrgat- 11ap. leg.; Caus. f. of k1rga:-.
Gr.): Krp. X I V ktrgr: (I;vocalized Irorugi:) Xak. X I 01 ant: begke: k r r g a t t ~ :'he urged
a[-bdyig Id. 70; ditto k1rR1: (sic) Brrl. I I , the b q to be angry with him and shun him'
15; xv ditto Ttrh. 7b. 2. (!zaniqa 'alayhi wa a'ra4a 'anhu) Kay. 11 338
(krrgatu:r, k1rgatma:k).
D kurga:d- Hap. leg.; Intrans. (here Incho-
D karrk-. Intrans. Den. V. fr. 1 ka:r; lit. ative) Den. V. fr. 1 k u r u g ; cf. kurlr-. Xak. XI
'to be affected by snow'. Survives in some ye:r kurgattl: 'the ground began to dry out
NE, NC languages, same meaning. Xak. xi (axag'at . . . fi'l-cam) and was parched
e r k6:zi: k a r ~ k t ~'the: man's eyes were (qohi,tat) for lack of moisture'; the original
dazzled by the snow' (qamarat . . . mina'l-jilc); fonn was kurga:dtt: hut it was assimilated
if this is derived from 'snow' it sho~rldbe (udfima) KO?.I1 338 (kur@,atu:r, k u r g a t -
ka:rlktl: (and is taken) from a shortened form ma:k (sic); this seems to be an error, the -d-
(mino'l-marzqtip); but if it is taken from the should he preserved, at any rate in the Aor.).
word k a r a k 'an eyeball', then it is taken from
the correct form (mina'l-sahilz) Kaj. II I 15 D korklt- Caus. f. of k o r k - ; 'to frighten
( k a r ~ k a : r , kar1kma:k; an etymological con- (someone)'. S.i.a.m.l.g., usually as korkut-
nection with k a r a k , which would be qulte often meaning 'to threaten'. Tiirku vrrr ff.
normal in Ar. is, of course, impossible in Man. Chtms. 87-8 (urkit-): Xak. X I 01 anr:
Turkish): Gag. xv ff. karlglkarrk-(-dl, korkuttl: 'he frightened him' (xawwafohu)
- m a k ) kara p-oh bakmadan p?z alin- 'to be Kay. 11 339 (korkutu:r, korkutrna:k); a.0.
dazzled by looking at the snow for a long time' 11 365, lo: I(B 656 (kork-): xr~r(?) Tef.
Vel. 318 (quotns.); karlk- (spelt) bo-barf korlut-Ikorkut- 'to frighten, to let oneself
riftlidan-i gnsm 'of the eyes, to be dazzled by be frightened: 214-15: (xlv Muh. al-tahyil 'to
snow'; the V. cannot be used by itself, the obtain, acqu~re' k o r k u t m a k , an obvious
Subject 'eyes' must be mentioned Son. 270v I error, prob. for k a z g a n m a k Mel. 36, 1; Rif.
(quotns.). I 2 I has k a r a n m a k , an error for kazanmak):
Gag. xv ff. korkut- Caus. f.; tardnidan 'to
karga:- 'to curse'. S.i.a.m.l.g., usually as frighten' Sun. 285r. 17: Kom. xrv ditto CCG;
k a r g a - , but SW Az. g a r e l - ; Osm. kargl-; Gr.: RIP. x~r~xawrnafa korkut- (?;MS. kort-)
Tkm. garga-. See k ~ r g a : - .Xak. X I ter~ri: Hou. 39, 19: xv ditto korkut- Kav. 77, 14.
ant: karga:dl: 'God cursed him, (la'anahtt)
Kaj. I l l 290 ( k a r g w r , karga:ma:k); a.0. D kargal- Pass. f. of kar2a:-; 'to be cursed'.
1 284 (2 arka:.): Gag. xvff. karga-(-dl) Survives in SC Uzb. and some NW languages;
bod du'd eyle-, ilen- 'to curse' Vel. 3 17 (quotn.); see k a r a a n - . Xak. xr ye:k kargaldl: 'the
k a r g a - nafrin kardnn ditto San; 269r. 7 devil (etc.) was cursed' (lu'ina) Kay. I1 236
(quotns.): Xwar. x ~ vk a r g a - to curse' (kargalu:r, karga1ma:k).
Qt~ib133: Kom. xlv ditto C C G ; Gr.: Klp.
xrv (after k a n g ) hence k a r a - da'd 'alayhi 'to D k ~ r k l l -Pasc.T. of k i r k - ; 'to be sheared';
s.i.m.rn.1.g. Xak. xi yu:g k:rklldl: translated
curse'; one says tenrf anea: k a r a s u n ; and 'the sheep or some other animal was sheared'
in the Kitdb neylik k a r g a - da'd 'alayhi fd.
69: xv la'ona k a r g a - Tub. 32a. 13. (crrzza) Kap 11 236 (krrk~lu:r,krrk11ma:k).
D korkul- Pass. f. of kork-; used only as an
S k1rga:- 'to curse'; n.0.a.b. There is no other Impersonal V. ; survives with the same usage
trace of a distinction of the kind suggested, in SW Osm. Xak. xr 1:qdt:n korkuldl: xifo
and in 1 284 karga:- is used with a human mino'l-amr 'the affair was feared' Kay. 11 236
Subject. Xak. XI beg an]: k ~ r g a : d ~'the : beg (korkulu:r, korku1ma:k).
cursed him hnd treated him roughly and
. .
shouted at him' (ab'odohu . xapno 'alayhi D k a r g a n - Refl. f. of karga:-; survives in
too zacmalru); do you not see how they had some NE and NW languages, but only in a Pass.
distinguished between God's curse and the sense. Uyg. V I I I ff. &Ian.-A M I 9, 9 etc.
persecution (turd) by one servant (of God) of (1 alkan-): (0. K1r. IX ff. k a d a q l a r l g ~ zk a r -
another servant like himself by putting a fafha ganu:r is read in Mal. 25, 6, but this part
on the former and a kasrn on the latter? K q . of the text is quite unreliable; ?read kaz-
I11 290 ( k ~ r g a : ~k1rga:rna:k;
, in all three ganu:r): Xak. XI e r 6:zin k a r g a n d ~ : 'the
places spelt krz.fa:- in the MS.); a.0. I1 288 man cursed (la'ana) himself because penitence
(1 k~rga:&). came to him' (li-nodlimo waqaht lohu) Kay. II
249 (karganu:r, karganma:k).
D kurea:- Dev. N. fr. k u r u g ; 'to be, or
become, dry'. S.i.;.m.l. in NE, NC. Xak. XI D korkun- Refl. f.' of kork-; s.i.s.m.l., e.g.
y4:r kurga:dr: the ground became dry NE Tel, korkun- to fear for oneself' R 11
 DIS. V
564. X a k . sr e r l:$<ltn k o r k u n d t : n!zarsa'l- X I I I ( ? )Trf. ol-r~O~tjik n r i t g u kiizsiiz zoo: s ~ v
-roculu'l-rnzcf zco a~rrzirrof i nofsthi 'the man Rhf. ( A d n ~ nlooked at thctrl arid) b a ' d ~ n ~
had a sensation of fear (over the matter) k a r a g u k i i r d l 'saw that some of them were
hut concealed it uithin himself' Kog. II 250 hlind' It I1 152,
(korkunwr, korkunma:k).
k1ra:gu: 'hoar frost'. ICtyrnology ol,scure.
V1!13 krzr$yr- ( ? k u r g n r - ) I Inp. leg. ; ahhre- S.i.a.rii.l.~.. I,.-w. in RIorla. (kirr~iu(n)Kom.
viated Den. V. in fr. 1 k u r u g ; 'to bc dry', in 2548)anti l'e., etc., Uocrjrr I l l 1600. UyR. XI\,
contrast to k u r p a : d - which nleans 'to become Chin.-Alort~. L)ici. .shrtorr~'frost'((;ilcs 10, 120)
dry'; the RIS. has -I- in the second syllable, k ~ r ; \ R o1.ijirti 166: X a k . X I ktra:gu: ' r l ~ chonr-
I)ut the normal von-el nould be - a - . X a k . X I frost ((11-roliii) which falls fro111the sky in cold
ye:r k u r g l r d l : 'thc ground (etc.) was dry weather' Ko$. 1 4 4 6 : G a g . xv ti. k l r n w krrofrr
(yohisot) for lack of moisture' Iiog. II 193 which falls from the sky to the ground o n
(kurglra:r, kurgrrma:k). cold nights and whltcns the routid' Vrl. 330
(quotns.); k t r a w (spelt) jfthr~onl-ihorf, 'hoar-
VUI) k o r g u r - Hap. leg.; Intrans. Den. V. fr. frost'; in Ar. {o'iq .Y(I?I. 295r. 1 6 : X w a r , srv
korgu:; the MS. has - I - everywhere in the k r r a g u dittn ptrfb (131 error), 140: K o m . xrv
second syllable, but in view of the etymology 'hoar frost' k l r o v CCG; Cr.: KIP. s r v al-
this must be an error. X a k . xr e r k o r g u r d l : -zrorlitd 'hoar frost' k l r a w u : 11111. 14, I : xv
'the man (etc.) mas heedless and irresponsible' ztrtniri k r r a w 7'1th. 17b. 10: O s l n . x v r ~ r
(!;go) K o f . I1 194 ( k o r g u r a : r , k o r g u r m a : k ) . k l r a g u in Rtitrti, 'hoar frost' S(ttt. zrJgr. I I .
r) k a r g a g - flap. leg.; I<ccip. f. of karga:-. D kurr:gu: IIap. leg.; 1)cv. N./A. fr. kur1:-.
X a k . X I ola:r ikki: k a r g a g t l l : 'the two cursed X a k . X I kur1:gu: ne:g 'a thing which is on the
one another' (iolZ'ani?) 11 220 ( k a r g a - point of drying' ('a15 ~nrafi'l-crtfrf); also 'the
$u:r, k a r g a g m a : k ) . time when a thing dries' Kof. 1 4 4 6 .
I) k r r g a g - Ilap. leg.; Rerip. f. of k ~ r & a : - . I) k a r a k q r : N.Ag. fr. 2 k a r n k ; in spite of the
X n k . X I ola:r ikki: k l r g a g d l : 'arada kull dubious status nf that word there is no alter-
rcti!rid nlir~hrrrnd !d!lihnhrr meaning obscure; native etymology; 'Irigand, highwayman'.
'om</rl with the Acc. nomially rncans 'to meet'; S.i.a.m.1.g. I,.-w.inI'e.,etc. Ihcrfrr 111 1445
n'ro<iiz means 'to shun', hut is followed by 'an, (with an ingenious h u t dubious etymology).
see 1 klrga:R; the sentence must, however, X a k . X I K B (keep the roads safe and) k a m k -
mean 'those two cursed (or were angry with, q l g s e k e r q i g a r l t g l l a r r g 'make a clean
or shunned) one another' Kag. II 220 ( k r r - sweep of the brigands and ?' 5577; 3.0. 1737:
gagu:r, k1rgagma:k). G a g . VeI. 317; Sun. 271r. 27 (2 k a r a k ) :
I ) k l r k l g - IIap. l e g . ? ; Co-op. f. of krrk-. X w a r . s l v k a r a k q l 'brigand' Qtrib 132; MN
X a k . xr 01 m a g a : yu:g k ~ r k r g t l r :'he helped 135: ( K o m . x ~ v'heggar' k a r a k q l (?error for
m e to shear the wool and hair' (fi cnzzi'l-srif k a r a : ~ ~ :q.r.)
, CCC;; Gr.): O s m . xrv k a r a k -
f r o rcohot) Koj. 11 221 ( k l r k t g u : r , klrk19- q l 'brigand'; in three texts T7:Y II 583.
mn:k). D k o r l g q t : N.Ag. fr. k o r r g ; survives in S\V
1) k o r k u g - Recip. f. of k o r k - ; 'to he afraid of Osm. k o r l c r / k o r u c u 'tllc guar(iian of a fenced
olle another'; s.i.s.rn.1. X a k . xr ola:r ikki: tract of pasture or forest'. X a k . X I korlgql:
korku$dl:la:r 'those two were afraid (xiifo) (RIS. lzorrrkri:) Inimi'l-!rin~C 'a guardian of
of one ;~notlicr' A-os. II 2 2 1 (korkugu:r, private propel-ty' KO$. III 242.
korkugn1n:k): G a g . s v ff, k o r k u g - 86-ltntn F korugj1:n 'lead' (riietal); thc -j- nnd form
i~trsition'to be afraid together' Son. 285r. 17. of the word show that it is a I.-w. An early
I.-\v. in R I o t i ~ .as kor$ulci, (Kozu. 969) unless
T r i s . CRG this is nn independent I,orro\vin~fr. the same
I) k n m : g u : Den. N./X. fr. k a r a : ; k a r a : - foreign 1;inguage. S.i.a.ni.l.g., in most cases
gu:nl: in Kof. is obviously the Acc. of this with minor phonetic changes, b u t some NE
word misunderstood. Survives in SE Tar. languages use the hfong. word and SM' Osm.
k a r i g u R II 185 ; Tiirki k a r i g u B$472; k a r - has k u r ~ u n ,T k m , g u r g u n , and Az. gur-
Wu Jarring 240; 'blind'. Cf. t e g l u k , knzstiz. g u $ u n . I n sonic languages also uscd for 'tin',
U y g . v r ~ rff. Civ. (if an e a r is blocked) k a r a g u usually qualified by a k 'white'. L.-w. in PC.,
s r q g a n n l g o t i n t a m q s a r a q l l u r 'if one etc. in various forms, Ilorrfer 111 1466. X a k .
drops into it t h e gall of a blind (?; 'hlack' is k o r u g j l : n , 'with -1-', al-rrrr~tf 'lead'; the ORuz
more prub.) mouse, it is cleared' H I 5 6 7 : leave some letters out and say kogu:n (sic,
X a k . s t k ~ r a : g u :al-ziic 'sulphate of iron': in margin korgu:n, which was perhaps t h e
kara:gu: 01-n'md 'blind' Koj. 1 4 4 6 : (among oriainal rending) K a f . Z 512: am. I Z 293 ( b a t - ) :
words of the form fa'tilali) kara:gunl: 'the XIV Moh. a/-rosds 'lead' k o r q u n ; 01-lrsruh
name of a children's game which they play k a r a : k o r g u n MrI. 75, 6 ; Rg. 178: G a g .
in the dark' ('npiyn(n)) 111 243: KB s a z l l ~ xv ff. k o r g a ~ u nkrrr~rrn VrI. 338 (quotns.);
b o l s u k a z s u z k a r a g u k a k o z 'let your words dittn (spclt) strrb 'lead' S ~ Z I~I .R h r .r I (quc~tn.):
becotne nn eye for the eyeless blind man' 178; O a u z X I see Xnk.: K o m . x ~ 'lend'
v korgagln.
b i l i g s l z k a r a g u t u r i l r 'the ignorant m a n 'tin' a k k o r g a g l n C C I . C C G ; Gr.: KIP. xrr;
is hlind' 17s. 271; 0.0. 493 (bilig-), 1861: a/-rnrciy k o r g a : g u n ; T k m . k u r g u n Iiorr. 31,
ka'nnnahu id yadri' (corrected in margin to this world' (it remains, but you go, screaming
jam') I-muhdrabin rca irhbatnhfrm 'he blinks in in penitence) 6092.
the battle (etc.) as if he did not know (see) the
combatants and their weapons' Kaj. 1497. D kurugs1:- Hap. leg,; Siinulativc Den. V.
fr. 1 k u r u g ; cf. kurRa:?-. Xak. sr kurugsr:-
D karrkslz Hap, lez.: Priv. N./A. fr. * k a r ~ k , dl: (ne:g) tarvacmha'l-lay' li'l-cufdj 'the thing
Dev. N. fr. 1 knr-. Xak. X I KII 3899 (katlk- started to dry'; the stomach ((11-vti'dn) i~ called
SlZ). kurugsn:k aftcr it, I~ccn~trc it dricr (tariff)
hour after hour, and a desire for food arises
D k a r g a ~ a :Ilev. N. fr. k a r a a $ - ; 'quarrel, from it Kaj. 111 334 (kurugsr:r, kurugsr:-
dispute', lit. 'cuminp one another'. Survives ma:k).
in SIV Osrn. There are only three earlier Dls. GRI,
occurrences, all prob. of xrv. Uy& vtlr ff.
Civ. in a late document, D. Z. Tikhonov, D karlrg P.N./A, fr. 1 ka:r; 'snougy, covered
Khozyaistvo i ohshchestvennyi stroi irigurrho~o with snow, inclined to snow'. S.i.a.m.1.g. Uyg.
gostrdarstoa, X-XI Vvv., Illoscow-Leningrad, v ~ r rff. Suv. 590, 4-5 (buzlufi).
1966, p. 240, b u borlukta q a m m (sic?)
k a r g a ~ ayok 'there is no objection or dispute D k o r l u g P.N./A. fr. 1 ko:r; 'loser, liable to
regard in^ this vineyard' 11. 6-7; (let not any loss', and the like. N.0.a.b. Uyg. vrrr ff. Civ.
of my relations) c a m k a r g a q a k ~ l m a z u n l a r k o r l u g and the opposite k o r s u z occur in
I. 10: K o m . s ~ 'av quarrelsome man' kargaga a standing formula re la tin^ to the incidence
C C G ; Gr.: O s m . X I V ff. k a r g a g a (rarely of loss arising from a contract in USp 16, 30,
karkaga) 'quarrel, dispute'; in several texts 107, 108, 110, t 14; it provides that one party
xrv to xvrrr T T S I 4 2 r ; I I I 4 1 6 ; I V 477. k o r l u g bolzun 'shall be responsible for any
loss', and that the other korsuz bolzun 'shall
not be responsible': (Xak.) xrv Mrrh. al-xdpir
T r i s . V. GRG- 'loser' ko:rluR Mel. 52, 5 ; RiJ. 148: (KIP. xv
1)karak1a:- Den. V. fr. 2 k a r a k ; 'to pillage' 01-nro1rqrir 'despised, slighted' korluk Ttrh.
and the like. Survives in NE Tel. k a r a k t a - 33a 2; proh. a P.N./A. fr. Pe. swur, same
'to destroy' R II 149. Yagma: XI (01) tawa:- meaning).
rlfl karak1a:dt: qa!a'a'l-toriq cua axada'l-m61
'he cut the road and took the property' (?or D k o r l u k A.N. (Conc. N.) fr. 2 ko:r. Xak.
livestock) K ~ JI I.I 3 3 8 (karakla:r, karak1a:- xr k o r l u k 'an old skin container (nl-jann) in
mn:k): Xwar. xrv karakla- 'to steal' Qutb which sour milk (al-dmip) is stored' Kaj. 1473.
132.
D ~ S .V. CRL-
D kurug1a:- Den. V. fr. 1 k u r u g ; sun,ives in D k a n l - (ka:rrl-) Pass. f. of 1 knr-; 'to be
NE Bar. kuru:la- 'to give a child a dry nap- mixed (with something)'. Survives in SC Uzb.
kin' R 11932. Xak. xr kurugla:dl: ne:gni: koril-; SW Osm. k a r ~ l - 'I'km.
; ga:ril-. Uyg.
ism'maln'l-jay' f i raffijihi 'he used the thing vrrr ff. Bud. Stro. 133, 15 (kattl-): Xak. X I
in its dry state' Knf. I11 336 ( k u r u g l a : ~ , Kai. I1 134 see Oguz: KB (undoubtedly Thou
kurug1a:ma:k). art one, oh Everlasting Ancestor) katrlmaz
k a r l l m a z sakrgka (VU) segU 'Thou art not
1) krrglllat- Hap. leg.; Caus. Den. V. fr. mingled (Hend.) with plurality' l o (the mean-
k ~ r g r l .Uyg. vrrr ff. Bud. (many years and ing of the last word is obscure); b u l a r n ~ a
months have ~ a s s e dand) baqlmlz t a l u k a r a bile s e n katrl h a m k a r l l 'associate freely
saqrmlz uql biiliiki klrgll(1)atyuk 'have (Hend.) with these people' 4 t o r : O&UZ xt
turned the ends nnd (other) parts of our heads b1:r ne:g b1:rke: k a r r l d ~ : 'one thing was
and black hair grey' U 11155, 15-16. mixed (iutalafo) with another'; and the Turks
D kuruglan- Hap. leg.; Refl. f. of kurug1a:-. use this word in Hend. ('aid priqi'l-ithn") and
Xak. xr 01 iitmeknl: k u r u g l a n d ~ : 'he say katrldr: k a r l l d ~ :Kaj. II 134 ( k a n l u r ,
reckoned that the bread was dry (qifa'r) and kar11rna:k): X u ~ a r .X I V karll- 'to be mixed
did not eat it' Kaj. I1 268 ( k u r u g l a n u : ~ , with (something Dat.)' Qutb 134: Kom. xrv
kurug1anma:k). Uni karlldl 'his voice was hoarse' C C G ; Gr.
(perhaps Pass. f. of 2 ka:r-): Krp. xv irtalata
VUD korgulan- Hap. leg.; Kefl. Den. V. fr. k a n - (sic, and katrl-, with karll- added in
korgu:. Xak. XI e r korgulandl: pija'l-racul the margin, and pixa 'to be old' written below
cra abdc (hlS. aydd) n~innafsihi al-nazq (MS. k a r l - in a second hand) Ttch. 6b. 12; kwarra
al-zap) 'the man behaved heedlessly and (of food ?)'to go the wrong way' karrl- 5a. 12;
irresponsibly and displayed levity' Kay. III gasin 'to be choked' karrl- 278. 9 (the last
201 (korgulanu:r, korgu1anma:k; emenda- two Pass. f.s of 2 ka:r-?): O s m . xrv k a n l -
tions in printed text are convincing). 'to be mixed; (of animals) to inate'; c.i.a,p.
T T S 1 4 2 3 ; I1 590; 111414; I V 475.
D kara:gur- Hap. leg.; Intrans. Den. V. fr.
kara:gu: 'to be blind'. Xak. X I KB (do not D klril- Pass. f. of k l r - ; s.i.s.m.l.g. with the
forget death, make your preparations for it; do same extended meanings as krr-. X a k , xr
not forget yourself, know your own funda- klnldl: ne:g 'the thing wa8 scraped' (q~ryira);
mental nature) k a r a g u r m a dunyfika s u k l u k and one says ka:r klrrldt: 'the snow was ,
k111p 'do not be blind, setting your heart on scraped (crrrifn) off the ~roitntl'; and e r
 DIS.
I3ucl. (all kinds of p ( ~ i s r ~ n o udr:~gons
s and I'e. qrcrhdrr, and that \\.~)rcl,though no: so far
snakes lie) 01 b a l r k (erasure leaving - e at t h r !trace$ tn Ar. with tilis niear~inp,seems to be
e n d ; t e g r e would suit tlie scnsc) y e m e yet! ,der~vcdfr. qornbo, ~ t h i c hinter olio Incans 'to
k a t k a r a m (Us:.-A forrri) I c i n t e ';uund(?) p u t (sonlething) in a sheatlr or case'. 'I'he word
that :own and in the seven-fold moat' PP s i e m s therefnre to be I)y origin Ar., o r s t any
39, 4-5: X a k . X I K B (if in a dreem you drink r: e 1'c.-Ar., and one of a nuniher of such
half a goblet of water, hnlf your life has finished wurds in OQux (see 2 t u r m n : ) . and the con-
nc a d c h t ; if y(>odrink the whole of it) t i l k e d i nection with k u r u g l ~ t killusr~ry.'l'hc Ic~ngnote
t i r i g l l k kaztltll k a r l m 'your life is finished o n the word in 1'. I'clliot, Notrs srrr l'lristoir~de
and a Crave (lit. ditch) heen d u ~ 6063 ' (Arat In Horde d ' O r , I'aris, 1950, p . 42, rntlst he
reads k t r l m , hut the word, which is un- correctetl accordingly. See also tlie discussion
vocalized, rhymes with y n r l t n and b e r i m ) : of I'c. qterbdn in L)ocr/rr 111 1451. N.o.a.b.
X I I I ( ? ) Tej. b i r u l u g k a r l : m (unvocalized) O g u z / K l p . X I k u r m n : n (11-nriqccns, 'bow case';
k a z d u r d ~'he had a great ditcll dug' (and a one says kB:$ k u r m a : n 'quiver and bow case';
great fire lit in it) 2019 (mistranscribed krrtm). its origin is fr. k u : r m a : n (sic; error for
k u : r m a : k ) ~trdd~e'l-minfaqn fi'l-u*osnl 'to fasten
I) k u r a : m H a p ley.; N.S.I\. fr. *kura:-, a belt round the waist' KO$. I 444; a.o. III
Den. V. fr. 2 k u r ; Ilt. 'a single act of placing 16 ( y a s l k ) : ( X w a r . X I V k u r b a n 'bow-case'
people according t o their rank'. X a k . XI Qutb 141): K I P . xv lirhdg (Pe. I.+.) 'quiver'
k u r a : m ki9i:le:r al-ndstc'l-crrllis 'ald'l-marrit~b (sic) k u r m a n Ttth. 8b. I 1.
'people sittinp according to (i.e. in the order
of) their ranks' as they sit at the king's gate
(hzh); hence one says kl$i:le:r k u r a : m
olturd1:la:r 'the people sat according t o their
ranks' Knq. 1 4 1 3 . S(D) k a r m a $ - as such Hap. ICE.; at a later
k u r u m 'a t~lassioe rock, o r pile of rocks'; period a Sec. f. of k a r v a g - ; Kn$.'s etymology
survi\.cs in NE Alt., Leb., Sor, 'I'cl. k o r u m is, in doubt, correct. X a k . st 01 menl!J
R 11 561; Khak. x o r l m T u v . x o r u m ; SE birle: t a v a : r k a r m a g d ~ :'he competed with
Turki k o r a m / k o y a m / k u r a : m Jarring 252; m e in pillaging (fi nnhh) property'; also used
the second element in the well-known name for helping ( k a r m a $ u : r , k a r m a g m a : k ) ;
of the to\\-n I<arakorum, originally an US.& originally knrma:lagcll: (knrma:lagu:r, k a r -
capital, hut mentioned in Mona. as early as m a : l a g m a : k ) Knq. II 221.
X I I I (Hnmisclr 176). X a k . X I k o r u m a [ - f a n
'a massive rock'; and 'abundant wealth' (al- Trls. CRM
-mbdh~'f-can~nt)is called k o r u m ; one says 01 D k l r m a y l : Hap. leg.; N.Ag. fr. k l r m a : ;
k o r u m b u l d ~ wncadn
: nrdl cainm 'he has made presumably 'turner', or perhaps more generally
a ~ i l e 'K a f . 1 3 9 8 ; 0.0. 11161, 2 0 ; 105 ( ~ u v - 'carpenter'. X a k . XI KB 4458 (in a list of
lu2-): K B (whatever country m y laws reach) craftsnlen; blacksmiths, bootmakers, and)
01 61 b a r ~ ae t l i i r t a g e r s e k o r u m 'that k l r m a y i (painters, decorators, arrowmakers,
country is completely organized, even if it is bowlnakcrs).
(only) stone and rock' 830: s l i t ( ? ) Tef. k o r u m
t a $ 'a rock' 215. D k a r a : m u k Den. N . fr. k a r a : ; originally
'tares, corn-cockle', and the like. S.i.m.m.l.g.
?D k a r m a : 'pillaging; theft'; etytnologically X n k . XI k a r a : m u k zi7udntc'l-fn'dar 'tares
connected v'ith 2 k a r a k ; not connected with among t h e wheat' K o j . I 487: G a g . xv ff.
S\V Osni. k a r m a in the phr. k a r m a k a r l g ~ k k a r a m u k ( I ) 'a red-coloured fruit like a sour
'muddled, confused' which is a Dev. N./A. cherry' (bdlti bbdlri), in Ar. za'rrir ('wild plum');
fr. 1 k a r - ; n o.a.h. X a k , XI k a r m a : al-nnhb (2) 'black seeds which appear in wheat', In
'pillaging, theft'; hence one says (01) ne:D I'e. gaylant ('tares, darnel') o r zirrd?~,bene-
knrma:la:dl: 'he stole (noitnhn) t h e thing' KO$. ficial when mixed with sulphur as an oint-
I 433; ka:gu:n k a r m a : bolsa: 'if a melon ment for leprosy; (3) nietaph., 'a dangerous
has been stolen' (ntrhiba) I 410, I I . black oimole which anncars on children'
x j 271 v. ;i;0.0.209 v. 17 (syn.
( ? s m a ~ ~ p oSon.
L) k ~ r m a : Pass. Dev. N./A. fr. k l r - ; lit. w. Rlinri c e v r i i n t i 'tares'): 224". 19 (syn. w.
'scraped' i.e. t o a particular shape. I n Ar. ~ c delhce
~ iditto): 0sm. sv; ff. k a r i m u k
x a r n ~ nmeans 'to turn (on a lathe)' and maxrti! 'taresy; (2) 'wild plum'; (1) (once, xvl)
normally 'conical', but u-ith 'ball' it must mean rash'; in texts T T S 1 417;
'spherical'. Survives in S'w Az. @ r m a 'pellet, 11585; 111409; I V 470,
shot'; Osm. k ~ r m a pleat, fold, crease;
broken'. X a k . XI k l r m a : al-mornif 'turned o n D k o r u m l u g Hap. leg.; P.N./A. fr. k o r u m .
a lathe' of anything; hence o n e says k t r m a : X a k . xr k o r u m l u g tn:g cnhol dri catrddil
t o b ~ kkara nrasrritn 'a spherical hall' Kar. I 'a mountain covered with loose rocks' KO$.
433. 1498.
F k u r m a : n 'bow-case'; there is an apparent T r i s . V. GRM-
inlogical connection with k u r u g l u k , same D karma:la:- Den. V. fr. k a r m a : ; 'to pillage,
- but the word itself, which is only
...
an., seems to he a corruption of
steal'. As such pee. to KO$.; NI*: Tel. k a r -
m a d a - ; SC Uzb. k a r m a l a - ; N W Kaz.,
 D I S . V.
Krlm k a r m a l a - 'to grope about' R I1 218 70: xv ditto Kao. 61. 5 ; Tich. 73. 5 ; a[-kirf
are ultimately der. fr. k a n a : - , although their k a r l n 61, r I ; joh. 5 (also kebe).
morphology is obscure. Xak. X I 01 karma:-
la:dr: ne:gni: 'he pillaged (or stole, nohaha) the D k u r u n Intrans./I'ass. Dev. N. fr. k u r - ;
thing' Kap. 111 354 (karma:la:r, karma:- 'soot', lit. something which establishes itself
.. 1a:ma:k); a.o. I 4 3 3 (karma:): (Kom. xrv 'to (on a wall, etc.). Survives as k u r u n in some
hurry' (sic?) k a r m a l a - C C G ; C r . : Krp. X I V NE lan~uages,hut everywhere else as k u r u m
karrnala- mnssa 'to touch' fd. 69: xv cossa 'to (properly a N.S.A.). Cf. 2 19. Xak. X I kurlrn
feel, grope' (yoka-, k a r m a - , and) k a r m a l a - traces of smoke (a!nru'l-duxdn) which adhere
Tuh. 12a. 13). to the walls' Kay. I 404: (Kom. xlv 'soot'
k u r u m CCG; Gr.).
D k a r m a l a g - Co-op. f. of karmala:-;
n.0.a.h. Uyg. vrrr ff. Bud. (San~kritmissing) D kurrn$ IIap. leg,; Dev. N. fr. k u r ~ n - .
kllg ulugug krrmalag [gap; sic] TT VIII Uyg. V I I I ff. Bud. kiizlug kurrnqlmlznl sent
E.17 may belong here, since 'pillaging the k o r m e k l i g y a g m u r uze k a n t u r a l r m 'let
realm and country' seems a likely meaning, us satiate (i.e. alleviate) the dryness of our eyes
and a connection with k l r m a : is improbable: with the rain of seeing you' U I[/'44, 22-4.
Xak. xr Kap. II 221 (karmag-). D karna:k Hap. leg. ; Dev. N./A. fr. *karna:-,
Den. V. fr. k a r i n ; the preceding entry is
D k a r r m s ~ n - Hap. leg.; Refl. Siinulativc Karna:k halda initr biladi'f-g'rrzziya 'one of the
Den. V. fr. *karlm, N.S.A. fr. 2 ka:r-; Oguz villages (or districts?)'. Cf. kama:gu:.
quoted only as an illustration of this form of Xak. xr karna:k e r 'a man with a large belly'
V. Xak. xr e r suvka: karrmslndr: 'the man ('azimu'l-bafn) Kay. 1473.
pretended to choke over the water' (an yajraq
hi'l-md') Kay. II 260, 24; n.m.e. ?Fk1rna:k 'a slave ~ i r l ' a; specifically Western
word, surviving only(?) in S\Y Osm. k r r n a k ;
Tkm. grrnak. I'erhaps a corruption of Ar.
grtrnliq 'a good-looking boy, or girl'. L.-w.
k a r l n 'belly, abdomen'; a general term forth in Pe., Doerfer 111 1470. B a s m l l , C u m u l ,
lower part of the body and its contents, lesl Ka:y, Klp., Oguz, Yaba:ku: X I l u r n a k
specific than kuru2sa:k 'stomach' and bagir- al-cariya 'slave girl' Kaj. I 473: x!rr(?) Tef.
s u k 'entrails'. S.i.a.rn.l.g., often more spe- k l r n a k 'girl' 209: xrv Muh. al-surriya 'concu-
cifically for 'womb'. T i i r k u VIII ff. a d l g ~ g bine' k1rna:k Mel. 51, 9; Rif.147; al-crfriya
karnt: yarllmig 'the bear's belly was slit (opposite to Clti: 'lady') krma:k 152 (only):
open' I r k B 6: Uyg. vrrr ff. Bud. Sanskrit F a g . xv ff. kirna:g/hrna:k (spelt) kaniza
garbhe 'in the womb' ka:rinda: T T VIII ('girl') ma cdriya; also called g l r n a k San.
D.35 ; kogullerin k a r i n l a r i n irjntiirdiim 2 9 5 ~ .7 ; g l r n a k 'a word occurring in two
.. . e r s e r 'if I have distressed their minds languages (mirftaraka), in Turkish kaniza uVa
and feelings' Szrv. 136, 10-1 r ; 0.0. U 11 44, cariya, in Ar. m r d - i cantil 'a handsome man'
28-9 (1 6:g); U III 43, 24 (keber-): Civ. 7 6 2 ~ .17: KIP., xrrr al-cdriya krrna:k(/ka-
karan is common in H I for 'stomach', e.g. ra:wa:$/kara:ba: Itiige:) Hou. 32, 17: xrv
n$ k a r l n k a 'on an empty stomach' 19, 64, k l m a k al-cdriya ?d. 70: xv ditto Kav. 64, 10
170; and 'womb', e.g. (if a foetus dies) kisinig (vocalized karnak); Tulr. 87a. 5 ; ama 'slave
k a r r n d a 'in a woman's womb' 61 ; (in an un- girl' l u r n a k (and karawaq) do. 3b. I 3 : O s m .
favourable omen) k a r isinde ig kirdi; ?read xrv ff. k i r n a k 'slave girl ; c.1.a.p. T T S 1462;
k a r l n , 'if an illness has entered the belly' 11632; 111449; I v 514.
T T I r 8 ; 0 . 0 . T T VII 22, 16 ( f tit-); 27, 15
(arkuru:): Xak. X I k a r l n nl-l)a!n 'the belly'; E klrga:k See k1gra:k.
k a r l n a t m a k a beast is slauphtered and its
paunch (knrjichrc) is set up as a target and shot Dis. V. GRN-
at, and anyone who hits it gets a share of the 1) klrin- Refl. f. of k r r - ; survives only(?) in
meat Kap. I 403; 16 o.o., same translation: SW Osm. k l r m - 'to cringe'; Tkrn.&in- 'to
KB (character and knowledge) k a r l n d a cut (etc.) for oneself'. Xak. xr 01 ne:gni:
tijrumig 'which are formed in the womb' 883; k r r ~ n d l : 'he pretended to scrape (or peel,
k a r a k a r n t t o a s a 'when the common people's yuqappir) the thing' Kag. 11 155 (klrlnu:r,
bellies are full' 988; a n a k a r n i 'his mother's 1urmma:k).
womb' 1387: xrrr(?) At. k a r l n t o t l u h n
'a full belly' 186; Tef. k a r ~ naq- to be D k o r a n - Ifap. leg.; Rcfl. f. of kora:-; 'to
hungry' 201 : xrv MitI: al-ba!n karrn Mel. 47, lose flesh'. Uyg. vrlr ff. Civ. H I 104 (korag-
I 5; Rif. 141 ; al-cdsi).i' hungry1 karna:c (erasis 1m.
of karnl: a:c) 54, 16; 152; al-lwml 'foetus'
kartnda:kr: ogla:n 143: ~ a g . xv ' ff. k a r n D korrn- (kori:n-) Refl. f. of k o r ~ : - ;s.i.s.m.1.
I (spelt) sikam wn yikanba 'belly' (Hend.); also as korm-Ikorun- 'tn defend oneself '. Xak.
called k a r l n Son. 272r. 23 (quotn.); same XI e r tava:rlga: korlndi: (MS. korund?) 'the
entry reversed 272v. 14: Xwar. xrv k a r ~ n man was miserly and niggardly (baxila . . zoa .
'belly' Qrrtb 134: Kom. xrv ditto CCI, C C G ; (lonna) with his money' Kq.I1 155 (kort:nu:r
Gr.: Klp. X I I I al-bn;n k a r l n Hou. 2 0 , 19; 5 r, (sic), kor1nrna:k): Gag. xv ff. k o r u n kmdiigi
z; a[-kiry k a r l n 21, 17: xrv k a r ~ nal-batn Id. sakrn hif4 eyle 'protect, defend yourself' Vel.
 DIS. V.
339; k o r u n - mnmnti' rca nrolrrris godan 'to be dagr:); 01-11x1 'sister' kr:z kartnta:g; al-ax
restricted, protected' Satt. 285v. 19. 'brother' karrnta:g Mcl. 49, 6-7; f7q. 144:
Gag. xv ff. kardag hirddnr 'hrother', an
1) kurrn- Refl. f. of kur1:-; survives in SW ahhreviatinn of karlndag meaninx ham-rikam
Osm. k u r u n - 'to dry oneself'. Xak. XI e r 'frnm the same womb' Sntr. 271 v. 26(quotn.);
kurundl: (sic) 'the man dried himself (mcaf- knrlndag 'hrothcr' 2 7 2 ~ .15 (quotn.): Xwar.
fafa) after washing' Kaj. I1 155 ( k u r l n u : ~ , XIII(?)(C'rum IZaWan had) h l r karundagr
kurrnma:k); kurrndt: ne:g 'the thing dried' 'one hrnther' Of. 173: xrv karrndag 'hrother'
(@a) I505, 7; k u n n 'dry yourself' 11160, 7. Qtrth 134: K o m . xrv '1)rnther' knrlndag;
'sister' kra k n r r n d a ~CCI. (:(,'G; Gr.: KIP.
T r l s . CRN a/-'nnrrtt (aqk~:/) atn: karrnrlag~:; a/-ax
S karlnqa See k a r i n ~ g a : . k a r l n d a : ~ ;al-rrst klz kartntln:q; ntoladrr'l-
-nizmd' 'hrothrrs-in-law' kayln knrtnda:gla:r
D kurunql: IIap. leg.; N.Ag. fr. k u r u n ; Ihrr. 3 1, I 9: xtv kartnda:g 01-dx minn'l-hnfn
morphologically this should mean 'something fd. 70; 01-ds karrnt1a:g; 01-'omm ata: karrn-
which catchrs or collects soot' or the like. Xak. dn:g(/eqqi:); a/-'nmnta ata: ktz k a r l n d a : ~ ;
X I kurunqr: 'felt which has been blackened
a/-xcila ane: krz karrnda:p(/tagzn:) Brrl.
(irtn~adda)from the smoke in a tent (etc.)' Kaj. 9, 2: xv bi:nlg knrdagt: 'the bey's brother'
111242. KO?.. 27, 5; 6s k a r d a g ; tr,~tk ~ zkardag
S karlngak See kartnqga:. I't~h,jh. 12: Osrn. x ~ ff. v kartndap common
till xvr, sporadic till xvrlr; kartag once in xv
karlnqga: 'ant'; specifically a Western word; T 7 S 1 4 2 4 ; 11591; I11 414; I V 476.
an old animal name ending in -ga:; the form
in Kaf. is aberrant. Survi\.es only(?) in SW Az. D karaggu: der. fr. kara: hut morpholngically
Rartgga; Osm. karinca; I k m . garlnca. Cf. obscure; 'dark, darkness'. An early I.-w. in
~iime:!~:, kumursga:. O g u z xr kartnqak Mong. a? karaggri/karag@iy (IJnrnisch 60;
01-tmtrtl 'ant', also callcd knrrnqa: Kaf. I 501 ; Kotr. $38); s.i.a.rn.l.p. Uyg. vlrl K Dud.
karrnqa: 'ant' 111 375: x ~ vRhg. kartnqka k a r a g g u kararrgtg t a r g a r g u UgUn 'in
(sic) megizlik ugak 'as small as an ant' R 11 order to dissipate the dark darkness' liiiem-ts.
174; Mtrh. al-nnml sarrncak (one MS. adds 185; 0.0. Suo. 101, 16 (hiligsizlik); USp.
karlnca:) 1VeI. 74, 6 ; srrlnGa: Rif. 177 (Muh. loza. 34 (emgeklig): Xak. X I karaggu: al-
gives no word for 'locust'; the text prob. -zttlma 'darkness' Kay. 111 388; (a bribe will
originally read al-naml (karlnga:; al-cardd) settle) karagku: (sic) t:gtg 01-amra'l-muplim
sarrncak): Gag. xv ff. k a r m q g a (spelt) 'a nefarious affair' 111 217, 1 ; a.o. I11 290
mrir~a'small ant'; also called k u m u r s g a Son. (karva:-): K B k a r a g k u t u n i 'the dark night'
. X w a r . xrv kartnqka 'ant' Qutb 134: 35, 288; k a r a g k u d a e r d i m 'I was in dark-
2 7 2 ~ 14:
T k m . ~ I I Ia[-nnml kartnca: (Krp. k u m u r - ness' 383; k a r a g k u ev 'a dark house' 1840:
ska:) Ilon. 11, 19: srv 01-nontl (ktmrrpagr: xrrr(?) Trf. karaggu/karagkp 'dark, dark-
and) knrtnca: Bal. I I , 5 : s v 01-tinnzl karlnca: ness' 200: X I V lay1 mu~lrtn a dark night'
Karl. 72, 10; karlncnk (KIP. k u m r u q k a ) kara:gu: tii:n Mcl. 80, 9 ; Ri/.185 (tu:nle:);
Ttrlr. 36h. 2. 01-7nld1tt (opposite to 'light' aydug) karagu:
152 (only): Gag. xv IT. k a r a g g u karagcc Vel.
I ) ktrrndt: Pass. Dcv. N./A. fr. ktrln-; sur- 320; k a r a n g u strltrt wa tdrik 'darkness' Satr.
vives in SW Osm. ksrlndl/klrrntt; Tkm. 271 v, 14: Xwar.xrv kara0gri 'dark' Qurb 131:
klrlndr 'small fragments, crumbs'. X a k , xr K o m . srv 'darkness' k a r a g g u / k a r a g & CCI,
klrrndl: qnpira krrN jay' 'scrapings of any- C C G ; Gr.: Krp. xr~r(light aydrg) 01-~trlnm
thing' k-a$.1449. knra:gu: Zfoa. 26, 17: srv a/-vlrirn karanr:
1) karinda:? N. of Assn. fr. k a r m ; lit. I3rrl. I q, I : s v ~trlttmkarangr: Trrh. 24a. I I :

'associated in the xvornb', that is 'a brother (or O s m . X I V karagu/karaguluk 'darkness';

sister, usually as kl:z kartndwg) by the same c.i.a.p. T T S 1417; I1 585; I11 410; I V ~ ~ I .
mother', irrespective of seniority and so a more 11 kame:@: Hap. I c . ~ . ; Uev. N./A. fr.
general term than +1:, Inl:, eke:, sigil, etc. *karna:- cf. karnn:k. Xak. xr karnajiu: e r
S.i.a.m.l.g., sometimes with a more restricted 01-ractrltr'l-harin 'a rnan with a large stomach'
meaning, e.g. IZk. only 'sister' or a more h7a$. 1491.
general one e.p. Osm. also 'comrade'; in SW
and some NW languages abbreviated to k a r - 11 k a r t n l ~ g I1.N.//\. fr. k a r l n ; s.i.s.m.l.,
dag. L.-\v. in Pe., etc., Doerfer I1 I 1471. Uyg. usually for 'pregnant'. Xak. X I beduk (sic)
vlu ff. Civ. ogul kardag yegeqim 'my son, karlnllE: e r 'a mnn with a large stomach'
hrothcr, and sister-in-law' Fnm. Arch. 125-6. (a[-bnfin) Kay. 1499.
Xak. xt (after a note on the suffix -da:g) D k u r u n l u g P.N./A. fr. k u r u n ; 'sooty'.
hence hvo children (maladqn) out of the same Survives in SW Az. g u r u m l u ; Osm. k u r u m -
womb ate called karrndap; k a r t n means l u (sic). Xak. X I k u r u n l u e e v 'a house
01-bnfn and when - d a ~is added to it, it gives blackened (mrrsr~'nd~i) by dense smoke' Kaz.
the meaning mrrpcihih~r'l-bafn'associate of the 1499.
aomh' Kay. I 407: ~ I I I ( ? )Tef. karandagl
p r r n d a g 'brother' 200-2: XIV Mtth. 01-xZla Tris. V. ~ R N -
maternal aunt' k a r r n t a q ana:; al-'amm D karrn1n:- Dev. N. fr. k a r i n ; survives in
'paternal uncle' ata: k a r s n t a g ~ :(Mel. k a r - SW Rep. Turkish fix (of n ship) 'to collide
 DIS.

with' (a jetty, etc.). Xak. XI (in a para. on the 2 k a r s an onomatopoeic for clapping;
various meanings of Den. V.s in -la:-) 01 an1: s.i.a.m.l.g. except NE, SW. L.-w. in I'e.(?).
karlnla:d!: bafanahu, 'he struck him in the Doerfer 111 1458 Xak. X I one says 01 k a r a
stomach' Kaj. 111345, 27; n.m.e. k a r s aya: yaptt: 'he clapped (faffaqa) his
hands'; it is an onomatopoeic for the sound
DIS. .v. CRR- of clapping Kay. I 348: Gag. xvff. k a r a
(rhyming with darr) dast bar-ham zadan
I> kara:r- Intrans. Den. V. fr. kara:; 'to he, 'clapping the hands', also called karq, in Ar.
or hecome, black or dark'. S.i.s.m.1. YyR. rafaqa San. 271 v. 29.
vrrr f f . Man. k a r a r m ~ g kog(Lllug with
darkencd minds' 7'T III Rg:,Dud. (of a dying Dis. G R S
man) tllr a g ~ z ik a r a r ~ p his tongue and
mouth become hlack' Sun. 595, 14: Xak. XI karsa:k 'the steppe fox, Canir corsac'. An
tii:n kararcli: 'the night was dark' (nzlama); early I.-w. in Mong. as hirsa (Studies, p. 232;
and one says to:n k a r a r d ~ :'the garment (etc.) Kow. 2553) and in Russian as korsak.
was hlack' (iswadda) Kaj. I1 77 (ka1;a:rur S.i.a.m.1.g. except NE where Tel. has the
(sic), k a r a r m a : k ) : xrrr(?) Tef. k a r a r - to be-Mong. form k ~ r s a ;in NC Klr. k a r s a k is
come dark' zoo: F a g . xvff. k a r a r - (spelt) a generic term for 'fox, wolf', etc. and k r r s a
'to become hlack or dark' (siyrih wa tira) San. 'fox' (a word mainly used by women). L.-w.
2 6 8 ~ 18
. (quotns.): Xwar. xlv ditto Qutb 132: in Pe., etc., Uoerf~rI11 1459. U y B V I I I ff. Bud.
Kom. X I V ditto CCI, CCG; Cr.: KIP. xv k a r s a k is included in a list of predatory
iswadda k a r a r - Kav. 5 , 14; (the Den. V. fr.) animals with wild cat, Siberian panther, and
k a r a is k a r a r - Trrh. 83h. 5. fox in Suv. 599, 16: Xak. xr karsa:k a/-fannk
'steppe fox' Kay. I 473: F a g . xv ff. k a r s a k
D kurrr- (kur1:r-) Hap. leg.; Inchoative f. of the name of an anlmal larger than a squirrel
k1rri:- ; cf. kurga:d-. Xak. XI kurrrdr: ne:g (sincdb) which they import from the Ras and
'the thina began to dry' (tawaccaha . . . li'l- Tiirk (sic) countries; its skin is red, white, or
-cafrif) K ~ 1 F177 (kuri:rur (sic), kur1rma:k). parti-coloured, and more sweet smelling and
warmer than those of squirrel or ermine;
1) k a r a r t - Caua. f. of k a r a r - ; 'to darken, or falled in Pe. fanak San. 272r. 2: Kom. xrv
blacken'. S.i.s.m.l. Xak. XI 01 anlg k o : n ~ n steppe fox (fur)' k a r s a k C C I ; Gr.: Klp. xv
kararttr: 'he blackened (sawwada) his gar- bandt dwd 'jackals' karsak(fgaka1) Tuh. 7b. 9.
ment' (ctc.) Kng. IZI 431 ( k a r a r t u r , k a r a r t -
ma:k): K B (the king was angry and) a r t u k S k u r s a k See kurugsak.
k a r a r t t i r n e ~ i z'made his face ~ v e nblacker'
(i.e. fiercer) 629; a.0. 639: XIXI(?)Tef. k a r a r t - D k o r s u z Priv. N./A. fr. 1 ko:r; 'not re-
'to blacken' zoo: Gag. xv ff. k a r a r t - Caus. f.; sponsible for loss'. Uyg. VIII ff. Civ. USp. 16,
siydh hardan 'to blacken' San. 269r. 4(quotns.): etc. (korlug, q.v.).
X w a r . xrv ditto Qutb 132. Dis. CR$
Tris. ~ R R
(D) k a r ~ gp e r h a ~ sDev. N. fr. 3 *kar-, see
2 karr:, k a r ~ g ;- a span, the distance between
D k a r a r t g Dev. N./A. fr. k a r a r - ; 'dark, the tips of the outstretched thumb and little
darkness'. N.0.a.b. Uyg. vr~rff.Man.-A M finger'. S.i.a.m.l.g. w. minor phonetic changes.
III 9, I (tunerig); do. 19, I r (i) (alagadtur-): Xak. XI k a r ~ gal-jibr 'a span'; one says b l r
Man. k a r a r l g n i z v a n l l a r ~'their dark pas- karig 'one span' Ka?. I 369; a.0. 11365. 9;
sions' T T I I I 114: Bud. yeknig irgeknig (in III 28, 17 kart$ is an error for k a r s , q.v.):
k a r a r i g ~ g l g a'the dark doings of demons and x ~ vMuh. a[-yibr k a r i : ~Me/. 47, 7; ka:n$
vampires' T T VI 273; (in this world the sky Rif. 141: Klp. X I I ~01-iibr karlg Hold. 20, 18:
is called 'light', and the brown earth below) xrv ditto Id, 69; Rul. 9, 10: xv ditto Kav. 39,
k a r a r r g 'darkness' (the sun is called 'light'. 12; Tuh. zob. 8.
and the moon 'darkness', man 'light', and
woman 'darkness') do. 319-21; 0.0. Kiuin. 66 D 1 k a r g ~ :Dev. N./A. fr. karlg-; primarily
(kbgiizliig); Hiien-ts. 185 (karaggu:). a N./A. meaning 'opposed, opposrte; the
opposite, a place opposite', e.g. the opposite
bank of a river and the like, but often used
Mon. ~ R S as an Adv., 'against' and the like. A I.-w.
1 k a r s some kind of 'garment'; n.0.a.b. L.-w. (not early) in Mong. w. extended meanings
in Pe., Doerfer I11 1457. Uyg. vrrr ff. Bud. 'obstacle, delay; evil, harm, ill-treatment', etc.
PP 2, 4-5 (bodut-): Xak. xr k a r s 'an outer (Kow. 847); ~.i.a.m.l.~.w. minor phonetic
parment (al-kis6') of camels' hair or sheeps' changes. T u r k a vrrr ff. kargisr:n 'his ad-
wool' KO$. I 348; (patch brocade, with versary'(?) IrkB 19 (a very obscure para.):
brockade) k a r s yama:gi: karska: and a Uyg. vrrr ff. Civ. begi klgike y a r a g m a z
woollen (garment, al-stif) with woollen (fabric)' k a r g ~bolur 'he does not agree with the beg
Kay. 111 28, 17 (MS. has karig which makes or people, he becomes hostile' T T VII 12,
no sense and is obviously an error for kars): 7-8; adas1 k a r g ~ s i[gap] perhaps 'danger'
Cag. xv ff. k a r s (rhyming with pdrs) 'a shawl (Hfnd.) do. 17, 10; in do. 24, 7(?); 25, 22
($61) and anything (similar) which they wrap M u m karglsr 'danger of death'(?); (on the
round their waists' San. 271 v. 29. dragon day) kigi bile kargi bolur 'he gets at
 D I S . G1l.s
cross-purposes with people' do. 32, 7 ; in T T 1) kar$a:g Ilap. leg.; N.Ac. fr. knr$a:-. X a k .
I'IIIP., an zstrological text, the phr. k6q kargl: X I karga:g inhrrr'l-lowh 'mcasurinp a parment
occurs in 24, and koq ka:n karg1la:r in I 1, 33, in spans'; hcnce one says a n t 9 k a r $ a : g ~ : k 6 : r
the first p l ~ r .being follr)wrd hy 'the peach tree 'see how he mea5rlres parnmcnts (etc.) in spans'
flo\vers'. This can hardlr he 1 k 6 'migration'.~ Kor. . I 464. .
and is proh. 2 k 6 'the ~ hnur 1s hostile'; ka:n
may he 'kin?' or some unknown word I) k u r $ a : g I)cv. N. fr, kurgn:-; survives
(?Cl~inese): X a k . sr kar91: nl-didd 'the in NE, several languages, k u r q a k l k u r q a k l
opposite'; one rays ru:n ku:nniig k a r p ~ : s t : k u r q u : ; N C I<ir. k ~ r q o : / k u r q o : ; I<zx. k u r -
o l 'nipht is the opposite to day'; karpl: 'a dis- s a w all meaning 'harrel hoop; girth of a tent';
aerccmcnt (nl-i.vtild/) hrtn-ccn two chiefs'; S\Y Az. p u r g n g ; O s ~ n .k u $ a k ; 'l'kn~.g u ~ a k
one says 01 b e g an19 birle: k a r g ~01 : 'that beg 'bclt'. I,.-w, in PC.,etc., Do~r/er 111 1565. X a k .
disagrecs(mrt.rrilij)with him'Kny. 1 4 2 3 ; k a r g u : X I kurgn:g a/-fonnl!uq hi'l-minfaqa 'girding
(sir, inerror ?)sule:n~zrrilnr.himrrk</airohrt 'take oneself with a hclt': kur$a:)? 'a strip (trtrra)
the field and meet him face to face' 111272, 2: woven frorn \\roo1 used as the cirth of a tent'
K B b u d i n dH11 duny: d a l l k a r g l 01 'the (mitr!oqo/rr'l-sibd'); it is called e v k u r $ a : g ~ :
branch of religion and the hranch of the world Kof. 1 4 6 4 : s l v Muh. al-niin/aqn ku:$a:g Mrl.
are opposed to one another' 531 I : S I I I ( ? )Tef. 67, 7 (only); o/-!riyisa 'hclt' v.1. in one MS.
(they will sit) yiizleri b i r i b i r i n e k a r g a kur$a:k do. 67, 9 (see I k u r ) : G a g . s v ff.
k a r $ u 'facing une another'; k a r v u k e l d i l e r k u r g a k knnmrbond 'a belt'; also abbreviated
'they came to tneet hini' 202: Gag. xv ff. ar~clcallcd k u r Snrr. 2R6r. 11; a.o. zRiv. 12
k a r ~ u(spclt) bnr-d-bar roo ,ntrrn!uidi 'face (1 k u r ) : KIP. X I I I nl-[tiydsn ku:$ak(/kur/
to face, opposite' Son. 2j2r. 7 : X w a r . X I I I ( ? ) b6:I ba:gl:) Iiorr. 19, 3: srv k u q a k 01-inin!nqn
-
OBuz x a B a n k a k a r s u kPldiler 'advanced
arminst O k i z SnPan' '0t. 261;-6: xrv k a r s u
fd.
.. 72. (for k u : ~ a : k Horc. z r , 5 and k u g a k
~

Koz.. 63, 1 8 see k u c a k )

(usually wG/th DO): :)'against9g n t b 133: K O ~ .
s l v k a r g t b a r d 1 ' n c n t to meet hini' C C G ; DIS. V. OR?-
Gr.: 194 (quotn.): K l p X I V k a r g u muqdhil D k a r t $ - Itecip. f. of 3 *kar-, c i , karql:,
'opposite' Id. 70; nl-mrrsn'liJ li'l-,cn.v' k a r g u k a r g u t , etc.; 'to disagree with onc anothcr,
Urrl, 14, 8 : s v ~rrrrq,ihilrik k a r g l n d a : Kav. t o he opposite t o one another', and the like.
76, I ; tnrrqihil k a r $ (sic) Trrh. 3 5 a 13; 7 3 b Q S.i.a.tn.l.g. except S C Uzh. and S W where
(a.o.0. with I'oss. S u f f . ~ ) O : s m . srv ff. k a r $ l / g a r l g - / k a r l g - is the Recip. f. of 1 k a r - , 'to
k a r ~ u(01-, b a r - , etc.); c.i.a.p. TTS I 427; mix with one another'. U y g , v111 ff. Bud.
II 594; III 417; I V 4 7 8 (pacifying all quarrels and) k a r l ~ r n a k t g'dis-
agreements' U I1 58, 5 (i); (mother and father,
?F 2 k a r y : '(royal) palace'; prob. a I.-w. fr. kin and kinsrnen, maids and man servants) b i r
Tokharian B krrri'r same meaning; an early i k i n t i k e k a r ~ g u r'quarrel with one another'
I.-\v. in hIonq. (f?lnrnisrh 62, kroru. 847) hut T T VI 64; 0.0. do. 324(kavrq-), etc.; Sanskrit
hecorninp ohsolrtc so eal-I? in Turkish that in bhir~rrd 'disunited, set at variance' k a : r l ~ -
Soir. it is descrihed as Rfong. I,.-w. in PC., rn19la:r T T 17111 G.13; 3.0. (A,. E.15: C I V .
I7oprfc.r 111 1.460. U y g . vrrl ff. I3ud. b n r a i k i kiigiil karlrjdl: 'two mintls were at
v a y t l u r l ertirlin 6 t i l m t g k n r g ~ 'a palace variance' 1'7' 1 7 1 : X a k . XI biiri: ~ I : $ I k: a r l g -
adorned with choice cat's cycs' (Sanskrit vora dl: 'the teeth of thc wolf werc at cross pur-
rnidiiryn) T1' V, p. 30, note 13 31, 1-2: XIV poses' (ivtnlqfnt); this h e l ~ p c r ~ during s its
(:hirz.-Llj:$. 1)irt. tirn 'palace' (Gilts I I ,202) fastit~gdays, I,rcause fnr one werk iri each
k a r ~ rL i ~ r t i163; R I1 207: X a k . X I k a r w mnnth the wolf docs not eat and during that
qnsrrt'l-~rrnlik'a kin,c's palace'; Kos. I 4 2 3 ; 0.0. period lives on air; and one says tiin kiin
1 255 ( e m g e n - ) : I11 374, 7: K B k a r $ l k a birle: karlqdl: 'night and day are opposites'
k i r d l 'he entered the palace' I I I r ; 0.0. 41 18; (istnlr!fn); (in a \.crse) yn:y klg bile: k a r ~ g r l l :
526.3 (ordu:): XI](?) A-BVP (in every town, 'summer and tvit~tcrhad a disagreement and
country, capital) k a r y 'palace' (and place) 26: contended with one another' (i.riala.fo rua
XIII(?)Tej. k a r q r (sic) 'palace' 202: CaB s v ff. tnndqorZ): and one says ikkl: beg1e:r kar1gt1:-
k a r g ~the name of a district (rcil5ynl) in 1a:r 'the two hrgs quarrelled and foucht one
l'ransosiana to the south of Samarkand, also another (i.~tnlcfn. . . rcn tnqiitaln'); and one
called Nasaf and N a s ~ a h. . . in Mong. it says 01 m a p : yo:lda: k a r l g t ~ :'he met n ~ c
means ptir .ui~ra'maus~)leutn' (Ilohrlr cited as (isinqbolar~i)on the ro;~d'Kor. I1 97 (knrl$u:r,
the authority); the author of the Rotc&tu'l- kar1gma:k); 0.0.1367, 23; II~L;~ 8(k1rau:y);
-Sol5 said that the district was so called after III I I , 3 : KB k a r t $ m a z y a g ~ l a r'enemies
a 'castle' (qosr) built there, in hfong. k a r g r , who d o not meet' 145; 0.0. 1053 (iqin), 2290
and li'nsf$f said that k a r g l in Mona. meant (2 k a d ~ t - ) ,2310 (esri:), 2384 (bodul-), etc.:
kdx-i s d n roo bdrgdh-i snlfo~mt 'the king's (Gag.(.?) xv ff. k a r l g - man~zricruo &xi! f ~ r d a n
palace and royal court' Snrr. 2 7 2 ~ .3: X w a r . to rnlx, mingle' (Intrans.) Son. zjov. l o
srv kargr 'palace' Qrrtb 133. (prob. Rrinri, irnrnediately follotvs I k a r -
which is so descrihed): X l v a r . srv k a r l g - 'to
D k a r g u t Iiap. Icg.; abbreviated Active Dev. be mixed with' (blrle) Qtrih 134: KIP. X I V
N. fr. k a r ~ g - ; syn. w. 1 kargr:. X a k . xt i.xtnlo!o 'to mix' (Intrans.) k a r ~ g -Birl. jtr.):
k a r g u t al-didd 'the opposite', like night and K o m . s r v 'to meet, defend'(?) k a r l g - C C I ;
day KO?.I 45 1. Gr.
 v. C s - 665

D krrlg- Co-op. f. of k i r - ; s.i.a.rn.1. with T r i s . V. CRS-

meanings based on the later meanings of kir-. D k u r g a t ~ l -Hap. leg.; Pass. f. of k u r g a t - ;
Xak. X I o l rnaga: y8:r klrigdr: 'he helped 'to be surrounded' Uyg. v r ~ rff. Bud. U II
me to scrape ( f i qayr) the ground' (etc.); also 30, 29-30 (kavzatil-).
used for competing Kay. II 98 ( k t r ~ g u : r ,
klrlgma:k). - E karlgiklan- in Uyg. vril ff. Bud. USp.
4 3 . 6 is an error for katlglan-; this is the word
1) kortg- il;lp. leg.; Co-op. f. of kor1:-. Xak. required by the context and k a r i g ~ kis not
X I ol maoa: korlg korigdl: 'he helped me to
a likely Uy2. word.
protcct the private proprrty' (fi h1yar'l-him8)
Kay. I1 98 (no Aor. or Infin.). D karlg1a:- Den. V. fr. k a r ~ g 'to
; measure in
1) 1 kurug- Co-op. f. of k u r - ; s.i.s.m.l. with spans'. S.i.a.m.1.p. with minor phonetic varia-
tions. Cf. karga:-. Xak. XI o l b a r y m karig-
meanings derived from the later extended la:di: 'he measured the brocade (etc.) in
meanings of kur-. xr ol m e n l g birle: ya: spans' (yohara) KO?. 111 335 (karlyla:r,
k u r u g t ~ :'he competed with me in stringing kar1gla:ma:k): x ~ vMuh. pbara kar19la:-
( j i fatufir) a how'; also used for helping Koy. Met. 27, 9 ; Rif. 110: Gag. xv ff. karigla-
11 98 (kurugu:r, kurugma:k); a.0. II 97, 14. (spelt) wncab kardan 'to measure in spans' Son.
D 2 kurug- (kurig-) Co-op. f. of kuri:-, in 270r. 7: Kip. xlv jabara karlgla- Bul. 50'.
the sense of s~multaneousaction of all parts
r~f an organism. N.0.a.b. Xak. XI etme:k T r i s . CRY
k a m u g kurugdi: tncaffn'l-xtrbz ba'duhti f i VUD kuriya:/kurlya:kl: See 1 *kuri:.
ba'h acza'ihi 'the bread became dry in all its
parts' Kay. II 98 (kurugu:r, kurugrna:k).
Tris. CKZ
1) karga:- I h p . leg.; Den. V. fr. karlg; cf. D kar1:za:n Iiap. leg.; there is no doubt
karig1a:-. Xak. xr 01 to:nug karga:di: about the fonn of this word which is listed
gahara'l-_tnnob 'he measured the garment (etc.) under the heading fo'ilzn after the cross-
in spans' Koy. III 286 (knr$a:r, karga:rna:k). heading -2-; Den. N. fr. 1 kart:, but there
D kurga:- Den. V. fr. *kurtg apparently a is no other trace of a Suf. -za:n or anything
resembling it. Xak. XI kari:za:n al-yayxu'l-
Den. N. fr. 1 k u r ; for a similar pair of words -haram 'a decrepit old man' Kay. I 4 4 8
cf. 1 ba:& 1 bagiq. Survives w. much the
same meaning as kurya- in some NE lan-
guages and N C Klr.; SE Turki kurga-; SW Mon. GS
Az. g u r s a - ; Osm. kuga-; Tkm. guga-. Xak. ka:s 'the bark of a tree', less specific than to:z
xr 01 kafta:n kurga:dl: yadda minlnqnta'l- 'birch bark'. The word is entered under the
-qnhri' 'hc fastened the belt of the robe' Kay. cross-heading -S in Kav.; the spell in^ ka:z is
111 287 (kurga:r, kurga:ma:k): $a& xv ff. prob. due to the fact that after long -a:- a - z
kurga- (spelt) ( I ) kawnr Bastatr 'to hind the might heexpected. 'I'here is no widely accepted
\vaistP;(2) i[?d!n hnrdott can dar rniyiin girjffan word for 'bark' in Turkish, most modern lan-
'to surround, encircle' Son. 284v. 8. guages use kablklkabuk a Dim. f. of ka:b
and not an ancient word. N.0.a.b. Uyg. vItr ff.
D k a r g a t - Caus. f. nf karga:-; n.o.a.b. Xnk. Civ. k a s 'hark' H II 16, 17: Xak. XI ka:z 'the
X I o l b6:ziik kargattl: n$hnrn'l-kirhrir 'he had
bark (qirf) of any trce'; hence it is quoted in
the linen (etc.) mearured in spans' Kay. II the prnv. ka:dig ka:slga ('the birch trce for
337 (kargatu:r, kargatma:k); same phr., its bark'); [the ziiy] was changed [into] sin,
hut ndrn'a properly 'had measured in cubits' because thc zGy came first (?,sabaqafhd) and
11 3 6 5 , 7 . improved the euphony in speech (?,istawfat
D kurgat- Caus. f. of kurga:-; survives in haz.zah8 mina'l-kalzm) but when sin followed it
the same languages. Xak. XI m e n a g a r ku:r there was no room (mad!) for it in speech and
k u r g a t t l m 'I told him to put on a helt the z t y Xmas changed into sin, just as [in Ar.
(hi'l-tanattr~q) and he did so' Kay. I1 337 zciy and $ i d interchange]; (examples follow)
(kurgatu:r, kurgatma:k): Gag. xv ff. k u r - Kay. III 151 (the text is partially corrupt, but
gat- Caus. f.; kontar bastn srZrtan eco i!idla Kay. seems to hare heen confused by the fact
jarm~tdan'to cause to bind the waist; to order that after words ending in vowels an euphonic
to encircle' Son. 284v. 21. -s- is introduced before Poss. Suffs. and sus-
pected the presence of a similar -s- in ka:-
D kurgan- Refl. f. of kurga:-; survives in slga:); 0.0. of the same prov. 1 3 5 6 , 21; 111
much the same lanpua~es.Xak. X I e r ku:rln 134. 14; 369, 22; 8.0. 1382, 2 6 (kasuk, q.v.).
kurgandl: 'the man put on his belt' (tatia!!aqa
. . . hi-min!nqatihi) Kof. 11 249 ( k u r g a n u x , Mon. V. CS-
kurganma:k) a.o. I 1 255, r I .
*kas- See kasig, kasna:-, etc.
T r i s . CR$ kis- 'to compress, squeeze, pinch', and the
D kargtsiz Hap. leg. ; Priv. N.1.4. fr.. 1 karg~:. like; almost syn. w. sik-, but the metathesis
Uyg. VIII ff. Man. [gapllar birle karglsiz is prob. fortuitous. S.i.a.m.1.g. TOrkU vrir
without qunrrelling with the . . .' T T III 106. (the leader of the revolt was the fad; he said
 'collect the people' and I collected them) (01) snag agln k ~ s t u r d 'he ~ : nrdered a reduc-
xagan-mu: ktsay1:n t e d i m 'I said(to myself) tion (hi-nnqr) in the f(~nd(ctc.) assigned to
"Shall I press (him to become) xo,fan?"' him'; and one says (MS. in error? n ~ l ~ t h'its u
T 5 ; siniilar phr. ?' 6 ; u s a r id[: yok k ~ s a l t r n origin is') 01 a n t o to:nan k l s t u r d ~ 'he
: ordered
'if possible, let us conipletely annihilate them' the shortctiing (hi-:(iqsir) of his ~.armcnt'Knj.
T 11; similar phr. I E 32 and 34; I1 B 25; 11 190 ( k l s t u r u r , k1sturmn:k).
T 21; balbal ktsdl: 'thrust a memorial stone
(into the ground)' 0 . 3 : Xak. sr k a p u g a n l o D k u s t u r - Caus, f. of kus-: s.i.m.n~.l.Xak.
arJa:ktn ktsdt: 'the door pinched (dogata) his xr stigig e r l g k u s t u r d ~ :'the wine made the
foot'; also used of anything that pinches some- man sick' (nrcqn'o . . . ,fi'/-gnyy); also used of
thing; and one says o l anlg t o : n l u k ~ nk t s d ~ : anythine \vlicn it makrs a dyc fade (nt~snln'l-
'he reduced (naqafa) his allowance for the -xi&ib) Kap. II ~ g o ( k u s t u r u rkusturma:k).
,
purchase of clothing'; also used when anything
IS held hack (mtrni'a) from an allowance Kaf.
E ktstag- See kasnag-
II I I ( k ~ s a : r ,ktsma:k): K B 8zin ktsgan e r
'a self-controlled man' 965; kalt klstagl bol-
m a s a r 'if (a father) does not control (his son)' ?I> k a s ~ g morphologically a Ilev. N,fr. *kas-
1220; (if a king is wicked, he ruins the world) or *kast:-, cf. kasna:-; an anatomical term
k t s t g l l s ~b o l m a s a 'if there is no one to with a wide range of nicanings; in I1 350 R.
restrain him' (he strays from the path) 5282; suRgests that it was basically a part of the body
a.n. 6366: xrr~(?)TeJ. kts- 'to squeeze' 209: on which there are folds in the skin or wrinkles.
xrv Afirh. a/-'np 'to squeeze, press' k t s m a k but kasna:- suggests that it was a part which
Afel. 35, I ; Rif. 120: Gag. xv ff. kls- tang wohhles. Survives in N\V I h z . kaslk 'the
fajrrrdon 'to squeeze tight' Son. 296v. 24 lower part (external) of the stomach', and SW
(quotn.): X w a r . xlv ditto Nnhc. 7, 16: Kom. Az. g a s l p ; Osrn. k n s ~ k 'I'km.
; &a:stk 'groin',
xrv 'to compress' kls- CCI, C C G ; Gr.: Ktp. and In Az. also 'scrotum' and 'frontal bone'.
xrv kl$dl: dafapo; ktstr: (spelt kapti:) 'to Uyg. vrrr ff. Civ. in I1 I 95-6 a remedy for
shorten (qn?,cnra) a long garment' Id. 72: xv k a s t g a E r ~ a ( t )lics between remedies for an
hnznqn 'to compress' klg- Kno. 76, 14 (mis- itching ulcer and tooth-aclic; hcre perhaps
spelt mrnqn); TI^. r3b. 8; hdqin 'suffering 'a pain in the jaw': Xak. xr k ~ s t g01-pn!ir,
from retention of urine' k ~ ~ t p tdo. t r ~ z b 8:
. that is, 'the inside (drtuil) of the mouth on the
O s m . XIV to xvr kls- 'to compress, squeeze'; right and left' Knj. 1 3 7 5 ; (in a note on Den.
in several texts T T S 1 4 6 2 ; I11 450; I V 515. V.'s in -la:-) like the exoression 01 anl:
kus- 'to vomit'; s.i.a.m.1.g.; cf. y a m : - . k a s ~ g l a : d ~niaknzahu
: 'he hit him with his
Tiirkil V I I I ff. Man. M 1 7 , 13 (anga:): Uyg. fist', from kaslg 01-md<Iifdn 'the jaws, rnan-
V I I I ff. Bud. (some mortals have gone to the diblcs' I11 345. 6: xrv hltrh.(?) n$ln'l-Jaxrl 'the
next world) isig k a n k u s u p 'vomiting their base of the thigh' k a : s ~ k(hIS. kn:gtR) Rif.
life blood' T T X 40: Civ. k u s u p oliir 'he 142 (only): FaE. xv ff. kastg/kaslk tohigdh
vomits and dies' TT VII 21, 7 ; kusa:r 'the hypochondria'; in Ar. xdsira ('waist'; and
a:gaR y a : r s ~ r'he vomits and regurgitates the the people of the New Worltl call their chiefs
food' VIII 1.8: Xak. XI e r kusdt: 'the man k n s ~ k(Eiaitian caciqtrr)) Snn. 2 7 3 ~ 9..
(etc.) vomited' (gd'n); and one says bodug D k a s u k Dini. f. of ka:s; lit. 'a small (piece
kusdt: nn?n/o'l-.riJdh 'the dye faded' Kaj. I1 pf) hark'. N.o.a.h. Uyji,. vrrl ff. Civ. k a s u k
to (kusa:r, kusma:k): xrv Mith. qd'n k u s - bark' occurs several timcs in 11I , (of a trce or
1Wl. 30, 3 ; Rif. I[.+: Gag, xvff. kus- pay shrub) 26 (tRa:q), 191 (qiigiim); also 'peel' (of
knrdnn 'to vomit' Salt. 287v. 3: Xwar. xrv a peach) 38 (1 eriik), (or garlic) 44 (osgun),
ditto Nnlrr. 395, 5 ; 389, 9: K o m . xrv ditto and 'the skin' (of a snake) 109 (spclt knstk):
C C I ; Gr.: Ktp. xrrr tnqnyyn'n 'to vomit' kus- Xak. sr k a s u k 'a thing like a water-skin (n!-
(mis-spelt krrj-; also yondur-(sic ?; 4 yantur-)) -rdrciyo) made of horse-hide in which milk.
IIou. 38. zo: xlv ku$- gd'n fd. 72; taqflyya'a fresh or sour, is stored': k a s u k 'the bark
kug- - . .
Blrl. 41r.: xv ditto Kac. to, 9 ; Ttth. Ioa. Ilihd'l of anv tree': its origin is ka:s and the
INS. ~ S A
., .< , . "

D k ~ s l gDev. N. fr. k ~ s - ;'constriction, con-

kasl: Hap. leg.; possibly a 1.-w. Kav. X I k ~ :
finement~, and the like, N,o,a,b,; kIslk ~coll-
'a wooden enclosure' (iiorirn) fnr sheep and
other (animals); hence one kasl: ba:dlm fined, in N'Y and SW
'I fitted together ('aqodtrr) an enclosure' Kay. lanpuages is a para'1e1 Dcv' N'lA. i n -uk
(Pms.) and not a later fort11 or this word.
224....(followed
- . Kasl: name of a place UvP. V I I I ff. Man. T T 111 to?-s (iin-l: Bud.
(matc#t') ot ours). T?-I V, p. 15, footnote, 1. 5 (ta618)'; VI'I 10-1 I
(kavrlg): Xak. sr k ~ s nl-!~ahr ~ g tun'/-diq 'im-
Dis. V. ~ S D - nrisonment. confinement': one savs 01 bee
D k ~ s t u r Cnzrrr.
- f. of k ~ s - ;s.i.m.rn.1. Xak. XI k ~ s t g t n d a : knlcll: 'he re&:!incd in the h ~ &
beg a n t 9 ada:ktn k t s t u r d ~ :'the bpg ordered prison', nnd payment for ~ometliing was
that his leg should be compressed' (bi-dug! demanded from him Knj. 1376: Gag. xv ff.
riclihr3; also used when he tortured him with ktslk riddot 'difficulty, hardship' Snn. 2 9 7 ~ .
s noose ('fiqahnhtr bi'l-rcnhq); and one says 8 (qttotn.). O s m . X I V to xvr klsu 'pain,
 (if a man's hair is cut on a Leopard day) i3z a d11g \\,hen it whines (Irnrrrr) 1,ccause of thc
y a g k r s r l u r 'his life is shortened' T T VII, cold Knl. III 302 (kasn;:r, knsna:rna:k);
33, 6 ; 8.0. I f 118, 27: X a k . X I e l i g k a p u g k a : k i r d i : b o d u : n k a s n a y u : the people canie in
krstldr: 'his hand was pinched (indogofa) in shit-cririp with cr,ld' (irtnCar/n. . . ttriim'l-hnrd)
the door'; also used of anythinp when it is I1 223, 1 1 (niisvocalizcd k~rrnnyr~:); I11 147, 15.
squeezed (tndnyynqn) between two objects and
cannot Fet nut (hnqbn filri) K a f . I1 135 (ktsl- 1) k n s n n t - Ilnp. Icp.; Ciit~s. f . of kaSn3:-.
l u r , k8sllrna:k): K B t i r i g l l k k ~ s l l d r : 'life X a k . X I t u r n l u g ani: knsnattr: 'the cold
is for a lirnitcd perind' 6486: G a g . sv ff krsrl- made hirn shiver (nr'nrlnlrrt) s o that he struck
(spelt) tangfayurda ptdait 'to be squeezed tight' his upper teeth against the lower with the cold'
Son. 297r. 5 (quotn.). Kag. 11 350 ( k a s n a t u : r , k a s n a t r n a : k ) .

1) k t s t l t - Caus. f. of k ~ s r l - ; 'to blockade' U k a s n a g - I-lap, Iep.; Co-op. f. of kasna:-: \

(a fort) and the like. Survives in NW Kaz. niis-spelt krs/np- in the hlS. X a k . X I l t k a m u g
krsilt- 'to force one's way into (something)' t u m l u g d l n kasnagdl: 'thc dogs all ~ r h i n e d
R I1 806. T i i r k i i vrrr II E 37 (kargu:). (hormf) hecause of the cold and shivered'
(ir~n'adat); also used nf others Kng. 11 22r
T) klslrn- Hap. leg.; ahhre\.iated Refl. f. of ( k a s n a ~ d r(SIC
: for kasnn$u:r) k n s n a $ m a : k ) .
k i s ~ l - .X a k , X I klsllndr: ne:n 'the thing was
squeezed and pinched ( ~ a d ~ rcqo ~ indijata)
~ a ~ a ' r r i s . GSN
between two objects', as for example the foot
is held between the two straps of D k a s r n ~ i i :either 1)cn. N.ji\. fr. * k a s i n , sec
a stirrup or bebeen +he door a n d the thres- ka$na:-, o r Ilcv. N./A. fr. * k n s ~ n -Refl. f. of
hold K"?. 11 2 5 1 ( k l s l ~ n u : ~klslinma:k;
, the * k a s - ; n.o.a.1). LTy$!. vllr fl-. h h n . k a s l n -
reference t(l be to a
r1krm ~ ( ~ i i kn nld f i u r a r m c l l ' 1 all1 uneasy
stirrllp without a stirrup iron; see klsms:k), because of my tilnidity' IM II 8 , 5 : Ijud. (the
power of I<uan-$i-in1 to bestow divine grace)
is. GSM k a s t n q r g u l u g lCtir 'is called terrifyingly
great' Kfrrrrr. 60; in v.1.s to TT VI 88-9,
D k r s m a : k Conc. N. fr. kt!%-. !jurvives in 'demons !>elow the earth, torturers and killers'
NE $or k ~ s p a k'gorge, defile' R 11 817 (cf. k a s ~ n y l g l a r is inserted in one MS. and
krsll); for the meaning see k l s l l n - . X a k . k o r k l n y ~ g l a r in another, both meaning
k r s m a : k mi*mvi'l-rikdbi'l-'nridavltvaktinu'l- 'terrifierq'.
-rikcih baynnjrum8 'the two b r o i d ~ t r a - ~ofs the
stirrup between which is the stirrup'; ('stirrup' I1 k u s l n y r k Hap. leg.; a N./A. of the same
here must be something like a platform on the character as k a s l n ~ l gultimately der. fr. k u s - :
stirrup leather, not a stirrup iron of modern 'revolting' X a k . xr k u g baJa:sl: k u s l n $ l g
shape): k ~ s m a : k nl-nrohnq 'a noose' Kay. I 'a ncstlinp hefnrc it is f l e d ~ e dis something by
474; a.o. II 219 ( k l s r u v - f . which everyone \vho sces it is revolted' (joy'
j~nstnqclirririrrlrrc rnnn m'nhtr; with a puppy it is
Dis. <>SN the other \vay round) Kof. I11 232, 14; n.m.c.
1: x a s n i : Hap. Iep.; no doubt :III Iranian 1:~.
cognate to PC. kririii 'endirc, chicory'; nl-
-'rtkkn rneniis nomially 'a skin for niakinp but- ?I) k ~ s l pcrtinps
r Ilcv. N. fr. k ~ s in
- the scnse
ter in'; its meaning here is obscure. X a k . XI of havins the scsunl organs constricted; 'stcrile,
x a s n l : 'an Indian d r u s (darrri') put in a child's barren', of a \\-oinan o r animal. S.i.a.ni.1.~.in
'rrkkn so that he can suck it and put on flesh' the sanic sense, also more widely of trees, etc. ;
h-o& I 43.5. cf. n r s a l r k . I,.-w. in I'e., etc., I h r r j r r 111
1491. X n k . xr k l s l r 'harren' (nl-'aqinr) of
Dis. V. ~ s N - a woman o r any quadruped; and one says
1) klsrn- Hap. Icg. ?; Refl. f. of k i s - ; cf, krs- k l s l r k1sra:k 'a harren mare' (m?nnka hd'il)
&an-. X a k . XI e r tava:rrn klstnclr: baxila'l- K a j . I 364; 3.0. 111 88 (yoza:-); in 1 2 3 6 , 3
-rarvl bi-inffiqsi['afihi 'the mat1 was mean about a d g ~ rk l s r r is an error h ~ ra d g r r k r s r a k :
xrv Mrrlt.(?) ol-nn'cn 'ewe' k t s i r R(f. 172 (only;
spending his property'; also lrscd of a man
suffering from stranpury (01-!tliqiir atci'l-!rdqib) this is a n addition to thc original text, prob. I
when his urine is retained Kq. I1 155 (ktsl-
n u : r , krstnma:k).
some \vords have fallen nut between the two
parts of this entry): Gag. x v ff. k r s l r 'an
I
aninial which is not pregnant' (fifristnn) Son.
D kasna:- Ilcn. V. fr. * k a s t n Uev. N. fr. 2 9 7 ~ .8: KIP. s r r 1 ol-fzirnt'l-'riqir 'a harren
*kas- 11r * k a s ~ : - , cf. k e s r g , k a s r n r l s ; 'to mare' k l s l r k i s r a k Ifort, 12, 8 : xrv k r s r r
shiver with cold'. This V. and its der. f.s are 01-lifi'il id. 72: xv 'oqit~k t s l r Trrh. z j h 9.
all pec. to hhns.; it is possible, hut semantically
iriiprol~able, that NE Rar. k n s n a l - 'to be I3 k1sra:k Ilini. f. of k r s l r ; oricinally 'a younp
chipped. sliahtly broken' R 11354 is the Pass. marc \vhicli has not fnalcd', later, more
'. is Intrans. X a k . X I er t u m -
f . , since this 1 generally, 'a marc'. Survives in its orininal
luekn: k a s t ~ a : d ~$nmhn'l-racrrlrc'l-~mnahn'2-
: meaning in All.:, NC, some NJV lanpuages
-anhi 'ala'l-nsfal nrirm'l-bard 'the man struck and S\V Az. g t s r n g and for 'tnnre' in SW
his upper jaw opoinst the lo>ver because of the Osni., not used in SE, SC. Ff. bC:. X a k . XI
cold' (i.e. his teeth chattered); also used of krsra:k nl-1-nnloknflr'l-,/nIiyna younp mare',
 MON. €$
and in O g u z 'a nlare of any kind' Kay. I 4 7 4 in English). S.i.a.m.1.g. in hoth meanings,
(prov.); about l o 0.0. nearly always translated except that in N E the Mong. I.-w. kdrn6sge is
'mare', in some contests clearly a mare which generally used for 'eyebrow'; metaph. mean-
has already foaled: xrv M u h . a/-[ricra 'mare' ings include 'the brow (of a hill), saddle bow',
k:sra:k Mel. 69, 12; Rif. 170 (adding 'a mare and the like; in some it is used in oblique
in foal or with a foal' be:): Gag. xv ff. k i s r a k cases with Poss. Suffs. in such phr. as kagrm-
mGdydn 'mare'; the Tiirk-i Mo@ol use y u n t d a 'in my presence, near me'. SW 'Iltm. ga:g.
and Rlimi yund Sun. 297v. 6: X w a r . xlv L.-w. in Pe., etc., Doerfer I11 1391. TUrkli
k l s r a k 'mare' Qufb 149: Kom. xlv 'a young V I I I (when I die, my relations', beg's and
mare' k r s t r a k (sic) C C I ; Gr.: Klp. xrrr al- people's) kozi: kagl: yavlak boltaqr: 'eyes
-him klsrak(and 'a mare with a foal' be:) 13011. and eyebrows will be sore (with weeping)'
12, 7 ; a.0. do. 12, 8 (ktsrr): xrv ktgrak al- I N I I Uyg. V I I I ff. &Ian. kagl k a r t l e m 'my
-ramaka Id. 72: xv 01-!ticm k l s r a k Kav. 6r, lovely eyebrowed one' M I1 8, 7: Bud. T T
19; Tirlr. r3a. 3. X 436-7 (tii:): Civ. ogdln kag tepreser 'if
the right eyebrow twitches' TT VII 34, I I :
Dis. V. GSR- XIV Chin.-Uyf. Dict. niei 'eyebrow' (Giler
D k r s u r - Caus. f, of k ~ s - ; 'to shorten, 7,,714) kag Ligeti 164: Xak. xr ka:$ Mcibu'l-
abbreviate'. S.i.s.m.l. Xsk. xr 01 u z u n ne:gni: - ayn 'eyebrows'; (2 ka:g follows here); ka:g
klsurd:: 'he shortened (qaszara) the long the side, edge, summit', etc. (hnrf . . . ma
thing' Kag. I1 78 (klsurur, k1surma:k): K B jafiruhu) of anything'; hence one says ya:r
176 ( u z a t ~ l - ) 4052:
, (KIP. xv in the discussion ka:g~:'the edge of an eroded river-bank' (etc.)
in Tuh. 83h. of V.s and related Dev. N.s Kay. 111 152; I 424 (kavgl:); 524, 6; I1 328
k i s a r - in k t s k a , k i s a r - seems to be a later (kirqat-): K R (the partridge with blood-red
form of *krsgar-, cf. klsgan-, rather than beak and) kagi k a p k a r a 'dead black eye-
this word). brows' 76; tiigme kagiq 'do not frown'
191; 0.0. 69 (etin-), 80 (kallk), 770 (aq~t-),
D klsrug- Hnp. leg.; Co-op. f. of ktsur-. etc.: XIIT(?) At. 205 (alln); Tef. kag
Xak. xr 01 a g a r k:sma:k kisrugd:: 'he 'eyebrow; mountain ridge' 206: xrv Muh. al-
helped him to shorten his stirrup leather' (fi -&-cib ka:g Mel. 46, 1 ; Rif. 140: Gag. xv ff.
qasr sayri'l-rikdb; etc.) Kay. II 219 (krsrrgu:r, kaglda yan~nda'by his side' Vel. 3zz(quotns.);
k1srlgma:k sic). k a (I) ~ dbrti 'eyebrow' (quotn.); (2) bar-&bar
wa hudrir 'facing, (in the) presence (of)' (quotn.)
Tris. CSR F. 2 7 3 ~23:
. Xwar.xrrr kag with Poss. Suffs.
D kaslrku: (?kas:rgo:) 'whirlwind'; listed in beside' 'Ali 22: XIII(?)kag 'eyebrow' 0i.6: xrv
Kag. under -K-, which excludes the possi- ditto Qufb 134, MN 104, etc.: Kom. xrv 'eye-
bility of a scribal error, but prob. a dialect brow' kag; 'saddle-bow' kag C C I ; Gr. 195
form of kaslrgu: Dev. N. fr. *kaslr- Caus. (quotn., see 3 al): Kip.x111 al-hcicib ka:q which
f. of *kas-. Survives in SW Az. g a s i r g a ; also means((:) see 2 ka:$); (2) qunnafu'l-cabali'l-
Osm. k a s l r g a ; the - a suggests an earlier -mumtadda !rila(n) 16 irtifrI'a(n) 'the brow of
-o:, for which there is other evidence in the a mountain stretching horizontally not perpen-
case of this Suff. Xak. XI kaslrku: al-i'scir dicularly' Hou. 20, z : xlv kag a/-hacib, also
'whirlwind' Kag. 1 4 8 9 : KIP. X I I I a/-zawha'a 'the crest of a hill' (ra'su'l-rdbiya) fd. 72; a.0.
'hurricane' kaglrka: (unvocnlized) IIOIJ.5, 13: do. 41 ( p t - ) : xv al-!ziicib ka:g Kav. 60, I I ;
X I V k a ~ u r k aa/-znwba'a id. 72: O s m . xvrrr 74, 18; Tuh. lab. 5; yaqif'a large rock' kag
k a s r r g a (spelt) in Rrimi, gird-bcid "whirlwind', do. zob. 2 (prob. (korum(?): sofir) omitted):
also spelt k a g ~ r g a in , Ar. i'sdr San. 2 7 3 ~ .6 ; O s m . xrv ff. kay 'eyebrow' and with metaph.
kagtrga is another word for Rtinri VC' dola meanings noted in several phr. T T S 1 430;
-
'whirlwind' do. 22sv. 10
elsewhere).
,.(dola is not traceable 11595-6; I11418; I V 480.
2 ka:g properly 'jade'; survives with this
T r i s . V. CSR- meaning, usually in the phr. kag tag, in SE
D kisraklan- Hap. leg.; Refl. Den. V. fr. Tiirki; in other areas, where jade is unkno-sn.
klsrak. Xak. X I e r k ~ s r a k l a n d l :'the man it came in the medieval period to mean more
became the owner of a mare' (ranlaha) K a l I1 generally 'precious stone', and in partic?llar
275 (kzsraklanu:r, klsrak1anma:k); a.0. 'the bezel of a finger ring'; in these meanings
279, 8. survives in NC K:r., some M' languages, and
SW Az. gag; Osm. k a g ; Tkrn. ga:g; Fee
D krslrkan- Refl. Dev. V. fr. k i s - ; 'to be 2 ya:t. Uyg. xrv Chin.-Ujg. Dict. yC rhih
miserly' and the like. Survives only(?) in SW 'jade stone' (Giles 13,630 9,964) kag tag
Osm. kislrgan-. Cf. klsgan-, klsln-. Xak. 163; R I1 389: Xak. s r ka:g !rocbra
XI e r tava:r:n klstrkandl: 'the man took Ligeti frifiya 'a translucent precious stone', white and
great pains to preserve (tajaddada . . . f i black; the white sort is used in finger rings
tnhaffciz) his wealth and was afraid to spend it' (yirxtam) as a protection against thunderbolts.
Knf. I1 263 (kksirkanu:r, k1sirkanma:k; thirst, and lightning; ka:g 6gii:z two rivers
verse). which flow one each side of the city of Khotan;
Mon. e$ one is called iiriig ka:g 6gii:z, the white
1 ka:q properly 'eyebrow', hence metaph. 'the translucent stone is found in it, and the river
edge or side' of a thing (cf. 'the brow of a hill' is called after it; the other is called kara: ka:g
 Kgii:~,the black translucent stone is found in ( I ) ko:g nl-fnrasrr'l-ciinib 'a Icd, or sparc,
it; this precious stone is not found in any part h ~ r ~ e (' 2; ) kog nl-qir<itirt ' n cr~njunction of
of the world except these two ri\-ers Koj. I I I planets' Id. 72; (2) only Urrl. 2, 15.
152; 0.0. 1330, 25 (savur-, q.v.); k i m l g bile:
ka:g bolsa: yagin y a k m a : ~'if anyone has kug 'bird'; often used as a sort of appendage
ke:g with him, that is a white translucent to specific names of birds. C.i.a.p.a.l. I..-w. in
atone used in finger rings (j.afn.vattum bihi), I'e., etc., Doerfer 111 1561. 'i'iirkii vrrl ff. kug
lightning does not strike him', because this is ogll: either gencricnlly 'birds' or specifically
its nature; and if it is wrapped in linen and put 'young birds' IrkR I S ; Ggue kugl: 'river
in a ti re, it does not burn and neither does the birds' do. 43 ;several occurrences as appendage,
linen 111 22, 4: X I V Muh. ol-yolm 'jade' ka:g e.g. togan kug do. 4, 44 etc.: Uyg. vrrr ff.
Me/. 75, 9; Rif. 178; a/-far? 'bezel' $ 6 : ~ka:q Man.-A taklgu kug 'domestic fowl' A I 1 3 6 ,
53, 8 ; 150: Gag. xvff. kag . . . (?) nyin-I 2 etc.: Bud. uqugma ku$ kuzgun 'flying
anpijtar 'the bezel of a finger ring' Ann. 273V. birds and ravens' U 111 32, 4 ; 3.0.0.: Civ. ktik
27: (Xwar. xrv kag in neqe kag Iqre gaw- kallkta u q a r ku$ 'hirds flying in the sky'
h a r izlegeyln looks like a misreading of tag T T I 23; a.o.0.: Xak. X I kug 'bird' (a/-foyr)
'in hoaever many stones I search for jewels' a generic term; thrn some of them have spccific
Qutb !34): KIP. xrrr fafsu'l-xdtim 'the bezel narnes (yrrfarraq); 'the white falcon' (al-bdzi)
of a r ~ n g 'ka:$ Hotr. 17, 20; a.o. do. 20, 2 is called u r o g kug; kara: kug 'eagle' (ol-
(1 ka:g): s v ditto kayg (sic); and 'a ring with -'rrqGb); teVey kug 'ostrich' (01-~ro'dtn); (PU)
a bezel' is kayglt: ytiziik Kaw. 64, I I . yo:n kug 'peacock' (01-fz'ris); (VU) i:1 kug
'vulture' (nl-ra!~nma); kara: kug al-tnu~tori
klg 'xvintcr'; c.i.a.p.a.l. Ttirku v111(in my 38th mina'l-nfrcdm 'the planet Jupiter'; one says
year) klgrn 'in the winter' II S 2: Uyg. V I I I ff. k a r a : kug tugdl: 'Jupiter has risen' (fala'a),
Civ. a k kiglg a z 'you have few white winters' it rises at dawn ('inda'l-!ub!t) in their country;
TT 1 159: srv Chin.-UJI. Dict. 'winter' klg (Oguz phr. follorvs); k12 kug 'a bird like the
Ligeti 166: Xak. XI klg 01-jitd' '\\.inter' Kaj. finch (nbri bnrcelif) in colnur' Knj. 1331 ; many
1 332 (prnv.); about 10 o.o., once spelt kt:$: 0.0.: K B u l a r kug 'the partridge' 75: XIII(?)
KB yay1 bold1 kl$ 'his summer has become At. (fortune) kug teg u c a r 'flies away' like
winter' 367: xrrr(?) Tef.klg 'winter' 210: XIV a bird' 224; Tpf. kug 'bird' 219: x ~ vMtrh.
Muh. al-fitd' kt:$ Mel. 28, 15; 79, I j ; Rif. al-rayr ku:g Mel. 72, 13; Rif. 175: Gag. xv ff.
184: Gag. xvff. klg is the three months of kug pnrwCtm 'moth' Vei. 340 (quotn.; as
the winter (zamisldn) season, and yaz the pointed out in Son., a mistranslation); ku$
three months of the summer season; they also ('with -u-') t~iytir 'bird(s)' San. 288r. 24
call the first six months of the (Pe.) year yaz (quotns. ;correction of Vel.): O g u z XI although
and the second six months krg San. 29'j'V. the following entry is cmbedded among names
22 (quotns.): Xwar. xlv ktg 'winter' MN 36, of birds it seems to bclong to ko:g; kara: kog
etc.: Kom. xlv ditto CCI, C C G ; Gr. 208 atrdf a.~fiij5'/-il1il 'the sides of cnmcls' feet'
(quotns.): Klp. xlv klg nl-fifd'; klg ('with Knf. 1 3 3 1: Kom. xrv 'bird' kug; 'eagle' k a r a
a long kosra') fail~r'l-fitti''th: season of minter' kug CCG; Gr.: KIP. S I I I al-rnyr mir!laqa(n)
fcf. 72; a/-$ildn klg I31rl. 13, 6: sv ditto Kaw. 'bird' in general ku:$ . . . 01-'frqrih kara: kug
36, 16; T~rh.Ira. 6. . . . 01-qtrhnyso 'little screech owl' ba:y kug
(and many otl~crnntncs \vitlio~~t kug ~ p ~ c r i d e d )
ko:g 'a pair; one of n pair', nnd the like; liorr. 9, 19 ff.: xrv ku$ al-tny; kug kuyrugi:
s.i.a.m.1.g. with some estended meanings; ('hird's tail') 01-drimntal 'ulcer' 111. 72; Util.
1.-\v. in PC., etc., Doerf~r111 1361. Cf. kop-. I I , 9; lo, 2; 01-mocmro 'the hfilky Way' kug
Xak. xr ko:g a t the name used for 'a king's ~011:c/o. 2, 13: sv (mri!lnqri'/-) fri'ir ku:$ Kao.
led, or spare, horse' (cnndhatrr'l-malik): ko:g 3 9 , s ; 62, 12; 7iri1. 23b. 6 ; 01-'tiqcib kara: kug;
'a pair' (a1 zncrc) of anything; hence in O ~ U Z ui-no'cim dewe: kug Kaw. 62, 13-14,
'scissors' (01-miqrci(i) are called ko:g bi$@:k
that is 'a pair of knives' Kay. I11 126 (prov.); Mon. V. c$-
kog (n'c) killq 01-soyfdn 'two swords' I 359, klg- 'to deviate' and the like; n.0.a.b. Xak.
4: XIII(?) Tef. kog kog a n l a r d l n 'some X I e r yo:ldtn k1:gdl: 'the man deviated (nrdla)
families of them' 215: Gag. xv kog 'two full from the road'; also used of the sun when it
cups at a banquet which they call vift' (Pe. declines from the zenith (zdlot 'on kabidi'l-
ctyt) (quotns.); kog kog brrnber beraber ve -samd') Keg. 111182 (kiga:r, krgrna:k): XIII(?)
p$a rijra 'in pairs' (quotn.) 17el. 340-1; kog Tef.kig- 'to turn away' (from God) and the
('with -0-') ( I ) xdna run manril 'house, dwell- like 210.
ing' (there IS no other trace of this meaning);
(2) cjfi wn zortc (quotn.); (3) metaph. dripiyfila ~ O S -'to conjoin, unite (two things); homo-
'nvo cups' which the wine-bearer gives in phonous w. ko:g. S.i.a.m.l.g. w. this and
immediate succession (quotns.); (4) cift-i extended meanings, e.g. 'to string together
gdm-i kcir 'a pair of working oxen' (quotn.) (verses), to compose (a poem), to harness
and also ma!rnll-i zira'nr 'an arable field' Son. (animals)'. Uyg. vlrr ff. Civ. (if I fall behind
28%. 19: O ~ U XIZ f i g . I 3 3 1 (kug); III 126 in my payments) birke b i r kogup beriirmen
(see Xak.); 221-2 (kara:): X w a r . xiv kog 'I will pay two (rolls of cloth) for every one
( I ) 'a pair' (of anything); (2) 'a double drink' (overdue)' USp. 8, 7; upiip ku$nug siigiikln !
(as a tonst) Qtrtb 141; M N 48, etc.: Klp. xrv y i p a r birle kogup 'combine hoopoe's bones
I
 with niusk' (and rut, them on the face) T T Dis. V. C$D-
VII 23, 6: Xak. X I 01 ko:yka: eqkii: k o g d ~ : D kagrt- Caus. f. of kag1:-; s.i.s.m.1. Xak. X I
'he united (qarana) the goats and the sheep'; also e r tant:n kagsttl: 'the man had his body
used for uniting anything with something else; scratched' (ahakka) Kaf. 11 307 (kagttu:r,
and one says 01 yl:r kogdl: nazama'l-gazal kag1tma:k); a.0. 1 514: Gag. xv ff. kaglt-
wa'l-fi'r 'he composed an ode or poem' Kaj. Caus. f.; xdrdndan 'to order to scratch' Son.
1114 (koga:r, kognia:k): K B u k a r e r s e gi'r 273V 20.
h a m kogar e r s e Sz 'if he understands poetry
and composes it himself' 2631: Gag. xlv Dls. C$c
kog- (I) amwdt-rd nubtiha kardan 'to eulogize kagak ?pec. to Kar.; but a I.-w. in Buriat
the dead'; (2) ham-rdh kardnn wa dmixlan 'to put Mong. as xalaxan; the context in I1 328, 17
(travellers) on the road together, to mix' Son. suggests that al-ha@ here means 'bulrush'
2 8 7 ~ .5 (quotns.): Xwar. xlv kog- 'to com- rather than 'alfalfa'. Xak. xr kagak al-hayd
pose (poetry)' Qutb 141: KIP. xrv kog- Kaf. 1 3 8 3 ; a.o. I 1 328, 17 ( t e q e k ) .
canaba ('to lead (a horse) beside someone') wa
qorana Id. 72; a.o. do. 7 (ebe:): xv qarana D k a g ~ gDev. N./A. fr. kag~:-; pec. to KB.
kog- Tub. 3oa. 11 ; (alqd 'to meet' kog- do. It clearly has a metaph. meaning of some kind,
gb. 12 and rassama ay alqd kog- do. 171,. 5 perhaps 'trim, conscientious'. Xak. XI K B
are prob. mis-spellings of kavug-): O s m . 'if a wazir is clean-shaven, he is kaglg; if
xrv ff. kog- 'to add (one thing to another), a wazir is kagtg, he does his work well' 2217;
to associate, to attach (someone to someone 'a brave man must he kagig and clean-shaven;
else)'; c.i.a.p. T T S I 486; I1 652; I11 478; his reputation must be widespread and he
I v 542. must be famous. He must he kagrg to evil-
-doers, so that they fear him, and kind to the
Dis. GSA well-behaved so that they love him' 2298-9.
D koga: Gerund fr. kog- used as a N. or D kaguk Pass. Dev. N. fr. kag1:-; 'spoon',
Adv.; s.i.s.m.l. L.-w. inPe.,etc., Doerfer 111 lit. 'something which has been hollowed out
1567. Xak. xr (the mother being deceitful by scratching'. S.i.a.m.1.g. except NE, usually
makes the bread thin; the son being intelli- as kaglk, SE Tiirki kaguk/koguk. L.-w. in
gent) koga: kapa:r 'filches a double ration' Pe., etc., Doerfw 111 1393. Uyg. vIrr ff. Civ.
Kay. 11133, 27; kutlugka: koga: yaga:r 'the b i r k a q u k ~ a'about one spoonful' H I 169;
man favoured by heaven gets a double ration a.o. 11 18, 63 (agnu:): Xak. XI kaguk al-
of rain' 11160, 24; n.m.e.: Xwar. xlv koga -mil'aqa 'spoon' Kaf. I 3 8 3 (prov.): xrv Muh.
k a g ~ g d a'in your two eyebrows' MN 27:: al-mil'aqa ka:$uk Mel. 68, 14; Rif. 169: Fag.
O s m . xrv to xvr koga 'a pair, double'; In xv ff. kaguk ma'rtif 'well-known' (i.e. as s
several texts T T S 1 4 8 5 ; I1 652; I V 542. 1.-w. in Pe.) San. 274r. 4 (quotn.): Kom. xrv
'spoon' kaguk C C I ; Gr.: KIP. XIII 01-mil'a a
D ~ S .V. C$A- ka:gu:k Ifoioir. 17, 10: xlv kaguk ditto
72: xv ditto ka:guk Kav. 54, 16; 64, 7; Tuh.
Pd.
*kaga:- See kagag, kagan-.
34a 6.
kag1:- 'to scratch' and the like; s.i.a.m.1.g.
except NE(?) w. minor phonetic changes, D kogug Dev. N. fr. kog-; normally 'poem,
including final -1:- > -a:-. Xak. XI 01 meni: song' but with other potential meanings, see
kag1:di: 'he scratched (hahka) me' Kaj. ZII koguglug. Survives as kogu with several such
267 (kagxr, kag1:ma:k; prov.); same prov. meanings in SW Osm. The forms kogukl
1438, 15: x ~ vMrrh. lzakka ka:gl:- Mel. 25. 7 ; koeak; NW Kk. kosak in some modem
Rif. 108; al-lrakk kagxmak 36, 5 ; 122: Gag. languages seem rather to be the Pass. Dev. N.
xv ff. k a g ~ pkagryrrp Vel. 323; kagr- (spelt) which would have the same meaning. Xak. XI
xriridon 'to scratch'; boyun k n y - 'to scratch kogug al-$r wa'l-racaz ma'l-qa~d'id 'poem,
one's neck' is an idiom for yarnrando jtrdon metre, odes' Kag. I 376 (verse): Fag. xv ff.
'to be confused, disconcerted' Son. 273V. l o koguk tirgripak ugtihnda trlman tmkib 'a com-
(quotn.): Xwar. xlv k e y - 'to scratch' (one- position sung in the iitgrijtak mode' Vel. 342
self) Qutb 135: Kom. xrv 'to scratch' kaga-/ (quotns.); koguk 'a kind of composition'
kagl- CCI, CCG; Gr.: Kip. X I I I masa!zo (rapif); a technical description by Nawd'i
min mosl~i'l-farar to curry-comb a horse' follows Sun. z88v. 5 (quotn.).
kag1:- ~ o r r .36, 16; hassa min hassi'l-faras
ditto kag1:-; h k k a kag1:- do. 39, 13: xlv kagga: originally (of an animal) 'with a white
kagi- hakka Id. 72: xv ditto Tuh. 13b. 3; head and darker body' or 'with a white blaze
Kav. 77, 9 (-9- represented by hd' with three on the forehead'. An old word ending in -ga:;
superposed dots and the remark 'between rim s.i.a.m.1.g. except SW nr.the same meaning,
and fin'). and sometimes (of a man) 'bald-headed'. L.-n..
in Pe., etc., Doerjer I11 1495. Xak. XI kagga:
Dis. G$C ko:y al-arxam mina'l$anam 'a sheep with
D kugqi: N.Ag. fr. kug; 'falconer'. S.i.s.m.l. a white head and a black body'; kagga: a t
1 I,.-w. in Pe., Doerfer 111 1564. Uyg. VIII ff. al-farasu'l-mubarqa' 'a horse with a white
Bud. (in lists of people who kill animals) blaze on the forehead'; a camel with a white
kug[q~]PP I , 7 ; k u g q ~T T I V 8, 57: Xak. blaze (at-asqn') is also called this KUJ. I 4 2 6
xr K B (in a list of royal servants) kugql 4148. (followed by Kagga: Bugra:, the name of
 672 DIS. 6$c i
t\vo places): (jag. sv ff. kngka (spclt) ( I ) 'a
horse or other animal uith a hlazc of white or
sornr othcr colour on the forehead' ;((2) Riinri);
(3) 'a kind of weapon (ril$t) made of iron
knguk1anrna:k).
hirf. I I 268 (ka$uklnnu:r,
a spoon' (~rtil'oq~r)
I
which thev fasten on a horse's forehead on the
day of haitle' Sun. 274r. I : Kom. X I V 'bald'
kagka CCG; Gr.: KIP. ur!' kngka: 01-grrrra
'a blaze on a horse's forehead' fd. 72: xv ditto
1) kagllj: I'.N./t\. fr. 1 ka:$; usually pre-
ceded by a qualifying word, ' h a v i n ~. . . eye-
brows'. S.i.s.nl.1. Uyg. vrrr ff. Man. tolrllg
I
bu11t t e g (I'U) tonkl kapllg 'with frozen(?)
7'11h. 26b. 6: O s m . ~ v r rka$ka
~ . . . (2) in eyebrows like a cloud full of Iiail' A4 I1 I I ,
Rrimi, dilir pig- con^ 'a brave advance-guard' 16-17 (tonkt is IIap. Icg., perhaps a mis-
Son. 274' 2. spelling of *togkl, N.1A.S. fr. 1 tog): Xak.
I) k19k1: N.1A.S. fr. klg; 'wintry' and the xr Kng. 111 239 (karvr:): (xrv A11th. (ol-
like. S.i.s.ni.l. in NE. Uyg. V I I I fT. Bud. iiq -krtncirrr 'frankincense' saktz); xi&ihrr'l-Irdcib
'dye for the eyebrows' ka$llk RiJ 162 is
aylar bolur klpkl opler 'three months are
the \\inter season' S I ~58y.
~ I .12-13: Xak. xr
KI! (of the s i ~ n cof the Zodiac) iiqi k l g k ~
the parallel A.N. (Col~c.N.); in Afrl. 63, 15
~i~lZbrr'/-/rdcih
has fallen out and kapllk comes
1
'three belong to tlie winter' 142: xllr(?) Tef. below 01-kondtrr; see saklz). I
(in the sulnmer you gave me) klgkl nl'matnt 1) k1g1a:g Conc. N. fr. k~gla:-; 'winter
'the amenities of the winter' 210.
I>ku$ga:q unusual din^. f. of kug; parro row';
quarters'; opposite to yay1a:g. S.i.a.m.1.g.
with sonlc phonetic changes and extended
meanings, e.g. in S i V Osm. k ~ g l ais merely
~
1
s.i.s.~n.l.in NE, SE. Xak. X I ku$ga:q ol-
-'u!frir 'sparrow' Kof. I 455: xrv Afuh.(?) 'barracks'. L,.-w. in I'e., etc., Duerfpr I11 1496.
01-'rrfir (serqe:; in margin) kupka:q Rif. I'iirkii V I I I ff. (I am a predatory eagle . . .) I
I 75 (nnly). kiz1:l kayn: k t g l n g ~ r n'a red rock is my winter 1
quarters' I r k n 51; a.o. do. 56 (kuglug): Xak. i
I'UF ktggun a corruption, or dialect form, XI k1gla:g a/-rnnpa~fd''winter quarters' Kay.
of ~ $ g u : n q.v.,
, an Iranian I.-w.; neither word I 4 6 4 (prov.); two 0.0.: slv Muh. a/-ntojattri'
1
is rocalized. N.o.a.b. Ka?. X I k1ggu:n 'fresh klgla:g Mel. 76, r ; k1:pla:g Rif. 179: Cag.
reeds (01-qolah) which are eaten by cattle';
k1ggu:n dialect fonn (I~rga)of l$gu:n 'sorrel'
xv ff. klglak 'a warm place in which one
spends the winter', in Ar. rnarif (error, motif
II
(al-ribds) KO$.1440. is 'summer quarters') Sort. 2 9 7 ~ 25. .
I
T r i s . G$C D k1~11kA.N. (Conc. N.) fr. kt?; survives in
1) kaguklug Ilap. leg.?; P.N./A. fr. kapuk. some N W and S W languages. Cf. k1gla:g.
Xak. X I kaguklug aya:k qas'n 4Zt mi/'oqa Xak. X I ki$Jlk 'a residence for the winter'
'a bowl with a spoon' Kag. 1497. (bayfrr'l-ptoroi); also anything that has been
made ready (ti'iddo) for the wintcr Kay. 1474:
I), knqukluk A.N. (Conc. N.), fr. k a g u k ; Ksp. xrv klgltk a/-magotlli' 'a winter station'
s.~.s.ni.l.in such nlea~~i,l?s
as spoon rack'. kf. 72.
Xrtk. sl knpukluk (hlS. knSrl:lrk) miigiiz D ku$ln:g Conc. N. fr. ku$ln:-; n.0.a.b. Xnk.
'a horn suitable for maklng into a spoon' (ol-
xr kupla:g ol-trioliro, thnt is 'a place w h e r ~
-arrl'rrqa) h-(I$. I 504. there are many birds and they are hunted
1) koguglug P.N./A. fr. ko$ug; n.0.a.b. Uyg. KO$. 1 465: Gag. xv ff. Xucandnrg a w l n g ~
V I I I ff.
Dud. yiigriik ntlarrn koguglug kag- kuqlngl b i s y s r yaxgl d u r 'in Khojend the
llda o l u r u p 'seated in a cliariot harnessed to areas for hunting game and wild birds are
swift hones' S~tv.625, 5: Gag. xv ff. koguk- particularly good' R I1 1029, quoting BGbttr.
l u k marnzirc roo iimistn 'mingled, mixed' San.
D kuglug P.N.!A. fr. kug; 'full of birds'.
288v. 9.
13 kaggalak Dcv. N. fr. a Den. V. fr. kagga:;
.
S,i.s.m.l. Tiirkii VIII ff. (I a111a stallion . .)
kug11:g rgaq klglaglm 'trees with lots of
'coot, hald coot'. S.i.s.m.1.; e.g. S C Uzb. birds in them are my winter quarters' IrkB 56.
kaggaldok. L.-w. in I'e., etc., Doerfer 111
1493. Xak. xr kaggalak 'a kind of water- D kugluk .4.N. (and Conc. N.) fr. Lug;
bird smaller than a duck' f i ~I .528 (verse): a specifically Western word surviving only(?)
Gag. xv ff. kagkaldag (sic) 'a black water in SC1' Osm. kupluk; Tkm. gugluk ( I ) 'the
hird, the Resh of which is rose-scented', early part of the day' (when birds are tnost
in Pe. inlit ('a kind of cormorant; a kind of active) (2) 'aviary, place haunted by birds', and
pigeon', Steingnss) Son. 2731'. 29. the like. O&uz xr kugluk al-da!reun 'the early
part of the forcnoon' Koj. 1 4 7 4 : ~ I I I ( ?Tef.
)
T r i s . V. CsC- ditto 219: srv A.lrrk. nl-2nr/ZS 'early morning
D ka$ukln:- IIap. leg.; Den. V. f;r. kaguk. meal' ku$luk Mel. 65, 10; Rif. 164; 01-(ia!rri
Xak. sr 01 bn:11g knguk1a:dl: he licked 'forenoon' ku:$luk 80, I ; kugluk 184: Gag.
(In'iq~~)the hnney in the spoon' (ol-rnil'aqa) xv ff. kuglug (sic) ( I ) rdftpih 'the time of the
K n ~ .111338 ( k a g u k l a : ~ ,ka4ukln:ma:k). mid-morning meal'; (2) mtrrgiynt rua !a.vri.vat
'a bird-like character' (quotn.) Son. 288v. 9;
D kaguklan- Hap. leg.; Re?. f. of kaguk1a:-. a.0. do. 178v. lo, where it is described as
Xak. XI e r kaguklandl: the man owned Rtin~i: Klp. xrrl 01-dn11d kugluk, derived
 DIS. V
(mcr~laqq)from the fact that the birds then go (ta'ayyarahrr wa liafapahu) Kay. II 348 (krg-
to look for food Hou. 28, 14: x ~ vkugluk (I) latu:r, ktg1atma:k).
dahwatu'l-nahdr; (2) al-na~lu'l-'arid 'an arrow
with a broad head used for shooting birds' D kuglat- Hap. leg.; Caus. f. of kugla:-. Xak.
Id. 72: xv al-dahd kugluk Kav. 36, 13 ; Tlrh. XI 01 soar kug kuglattl: 'he urged him to
72b. 10; a/-da!lwatu'l-krrbrd ulu: kugluk Kav. hunt ('old ilfiyad) birds' Kay. I1 348 (kug-
latu:r, ku$latma:k); a.0. I1 343, 16.
36, 13.
Die. V. GSL- D koglan- Hap. leg.; Refl. Den. V. fr. ko:g.
Xak. X I e r ozige: a t kogland~:'the man pro-
D kogul- Pass. f. of kog-; 'to be joined, vided himself with a spare, led horse' (caniba)
united (to something)', and the like; also Kay. I1 252 (koglanu:r, koglanma:k).
Intrans. 'to join (something Dat.)'. S.i.a.m.1.g.
y y g . vrrr ff. Bud. Sanskrit dharmayukta D koglun- Hap. leg.; Refl. f. of kogul- in its
yoked to dharma' (the true doctrine) n o m Intrans. sense. Xak. XI iki: ne:g koglundl:
ILze: k o g o l m ~ gT T VIII A.33: Xak. XI bi:r 'junction was effected between (qurina bayn)
ne:g bi:rke: koguldt: 'one thing joined the two things'; this is Intrans. (ldzim), just
(qarina) another'; also used when someone as one says that one sheep is close in the com-
else joins them (qaranahu tayruhu); hence one pany (yuqdrin) of another and their heads
says yi:r koguldi: 'the ode was composed' are kept level (yastawi) on one rope; also of
(nulima) Kag. II 135 (ko9ulur. kogu1ma:k); two horsemen when they bring their hones
b u kuzi: 01 saglik blrle: kogulga:n 'this together (aqrand) and travel in such a w a y that
lamb is constantly in the company (ylrqdrin) their heads are level Kay. 11251 (koglunu:r,
of that ewe' I 520; 81iig birle: koguldl: 'he kog1unma:k).
has been united with the dead' IT 128, 5 ;
saglik siirtig koguldt: 'the flocks have been T r i s . V. GSL-
collected (dummat) for milking' I11 102. 19:
Gag. xv ff. kogul-(-&$I) koyrtl- ve ula- Vel. D ktglaglan- Hap. leg.; Refl. Den. V. fr.
341; kogul-/kogug- (both spelt) ham-rcih kigla:g. Xak. X I 01 bu: yC:rig kiglaglandi:
judan ma dmixta judan 'to be fellow travellers, 'he reckoned that this place was his winter
to be intermingled' San. 287v. 28 (quotns.): quarters (mayattcihu) and spent the winter in it'
Klp. xlv kogul- iqtarana fd. 72. Kaf. I1 273 (kiglaglanu:r, kl$laglanma:k).

D kagla:- Den. V. fr. 1 ka:$; survives in NE D kuglaglan- Hap. leg.; Refl. Den. V. fr.
kagla-Ikagta- 'to fit a saddle-bow; to fasten kugla:g. Xak. XI xa:n b u y6:rig kuglag-
the reins to the saddle-bow; to walk along the landl: 'the xa:n took this place as a hunting
bank (of a lake, etc.)' R 11 396-8; and S W place for birds' (mislcid mu!ayyara) and hunted
Osm. kagla- 'to make a sign with the eye- birds in it I(oy. 11 273 (kuglaglanu:r,
brows' (also 'to fit a bezel to a ring', which is kuglag1anma:k).
a Den. V. fr. 2 ka:g). Xak. xr (01) a r i k ka9-
la:di: 'he made a side hank ('arim) for the Dis. c $ N
canal'; also used for hitting a man on the D kagan Dev. N./A. fr. *kaga:- which must
eyebrow (a/-hdcih) Kaf. III zyy (kagla:r, have meant something like 'to relax (some-
kag1a:ma:k). thing), to relieve the pressure on (it)', cf.
kagan-; 'lazy, sluggish, idle', of men, horses,
D k~gla:- Den. V. fr. ktg; 'to spend the etc. S.i.s.m.1. inSE, NC, NW w. thismeaning.
winter, to go into winterquarters'. S.i.m.m.1.g. L.-w. in Mong. ka~ag,same meaning (Kocc.
TILrkii v ~ r rI N 8; I1 E 31 (1 tmga:): Uyg. 767) From this basic meaning it came to mean
vrrr $u. E 7 (1 lmga:): Xak. XI e r evinde: underdeveloped, lean' and became a I.-w.
k1gla:dl: 'the man spent the winter (tafattd') in Pe. apd other languages as qajang 'slim,
at home' (etc.) Kag. 111299 (kigla:r, k1gla:- elegant' Doerfer I11 1498 Cf. erinqig. Xak.
ma:k): xrv Muh.(?) 'abara'l-jitd' 'to pass the XI when a slave is being abused (subba) ,you
winter' k~gla:- Rif. 112 (only): Gag. xv ff. say to him kagag 'you vile fellow' (yd la im)
ktgla- ktylak kardan, that is 'to spend the Kag. 111370: Gag. xv ff. ka$ag (spelt) rira
winter in a warm place' San. 2 9 7 ~ 9. (quotns.): wa mmuc lazy, unpleasant' San. 273V 28
Kom. xrv 'to spend the winter' k ~ g l a -C C G ; (quotns.).
Gr.: Kip. XIV jattd' kigla- BN[. Szr.
?E kogu:n See k o r u g j ~ : n .
D kug1a:- Den. V. fr. kug; 'to hunt birds'.
S.i.s.m.1. Tiirku VIII ff. togan a g u z kugi: S kogni: See k o n g ~ :
kuqlayu: barmi:$ 'a falcon went hunting
river birds' IrhB 43: Xak. XI b e g ku9la:di: Dis. V. C$N-
'the beg hunted (fdda) birds' Kag. 111 299
(ku$la:r, kug1a:ma:k): X w a r . xrv kuvla- D kagan- Refl. f. of *kaga:-, cf. kagag; 'to
ditto Qtrtb 146. urinate', esp. of horses. Survives in SW Az.,
Osm.; cf. sid-. Uye. vrrr ff. Civ. (a woman
Il klglat- Caus. f. of k~gla:-;s.i.s.m.l. Xak. suffering from strangury . . .) b a t kaganur
XI 01 anl: evinde: ktglattt: 'he accommodated 'promptly urinates' H 1 3 9 ; a.0. do. 128: Xak.
him for the winter (gatfdhu) in his house', that a t kagandl: 'the horse urinated' ( b d a ) , also
is he took care of him and looked after him of other animals, but particularly horses Kay.
 DIS. V.
11 155 (kaganu:r, kaganma:k): Gag. xv R. a sheltered nook', although the morpholony
kaqan- (spelt) bnrcl hnrdan 'to urinate', in of such words is obscure. Xak. X I ku:y
general but esp. of horscs Son. 2 7 3 ~ .22: qardr~r'l-rc-ddi'the bottom of a vallcy' K a f . III
Xwar. xrv kagan- (of a horse) 'to urinate' 142; (who can withstand his arrows?) tagrg
Qutb 134: KIP. brila'l-faras a[ kagandl: Ifoir. atrp ugrasa: 8:zi: k u y ~ :ylrt1lu:r 'when he
12, 21. shoots purposefully at a mountain, the centres
and bottoms of the valleys (arusa(ri'1-fuddiw a
D kagln- Refl. f. of kagr:- 'to scratch one- qardr~~hlr)are torn to pieces' III 106, 15; a.o.
self'. S.i.s.m.1. in NW, SW, often as kagan-. I11 65, I4 (ogrug).
Xak. xr kag1nma:k al-hikka 'irritation' Kay.
I 261 (emrit-); n.m.e.: xrrr(?) Tef. kagln- Mon. V. c Y -
'to scratch oneself' 210: Gag. xv ff. kagln-
xrc~rd-rd xdridan 'to scratch oneself' Son. kay- (2 *ka:d-) although it has not actually
273V. 21. been noted, various der. f.s make it certain
that this V. must originally have been *ka:d-.
Tris. c $ N The basic meaning was prob. 'to bend or turn
D kaqanlg Dev. N. (Conc. N.) fr. kagan-; oneself', hence 'to bend in respect' and 'to turn
n.0.a.b. Uyg. vrrr ff. Bud. (demons) kaqanrg away or back'. Survives in NE Alt., ?'el. kay-
iqteqiler 'who drink urine' U 11 61, 13: Civ. 'to turn back' R I1 4; Khak. xay- 'to pay
k a g a n ~ gyo11 'the urinary duct' H 1 3 8 . attention to (something)'; Tuv. xay- 'to visit,
supervise; to deviate from'; (to look) x a y a
Mon. GY 'backwards'; and in SW Osm. kay-; Tkm.
F 1 kay 'street'; I.-w. fr. Chinese chieh 'street' ga:y- with some extended meanings hard to
(Giles 1,434; Middle Chinese kdi), see U I V , connect with the original one. TUrkU VIII ff.
p. 54(Index). N.0.a.b. Uyg.v111 ff. Bud. k a y Yen. n4al. 28, 8 (kaltn): Uyg. vrrr ff. Bud.
beltir s a y u 'every crossronds' I J I Y 8, I 3 ; kirtii n o m u g (v.1. nomka) kaymadrn 'pay-
kaydaki o g l a n ~ g'children in the streets' U ing nu respect to the true doctrine' T T V I
111 65, 5 (ii); k a y (mistranscribed k ~ y )s a y u 41-2: Xak. xr kada:g~ga:k a y d ~ :'he showed
bodun sayu b a r & 'going to every street and respect ('afafa) to his kinsmen'; prov. kadag
every people' U S p . 97, 33. (MS. kadaf) t6:mig kayma:duk, ka&n
t6:mig kaymlg 'if you said "kinsman", he
S 2 k a y See ka:d. showed no respect to him (IZ yaltafit ilayhi);
if you said "relative by marriage", he showed
S 3 k a y See ka:iiu:. respect ('arafa) to him'; (verse); and one
S 1 ko:y See 1 ko:ii. says k&ru: kaydl: 'he turned back' (iltafata
!ra[fo(n)) K a f . 111 245 (kaya:r, kayma:k);
S 2 ko:y See 2 *ko:A. 0.0. 1403, 22 (same prov.); 11 45, 26,(aylk);
and see 2 kaya:: O s m . xlv kay- to turn
kuy Preliminary note. Kuy 'the tuomen's aside or away'; in two texts T T S I1 607.
apartments, the prieate part of a druellin~',
a I -m. fr. Chinese kuei, sa~nemeaning (Giles S kly- See ktd-.
6,440; Middle Chinese kuai) is v n y common S koy- See kod-.
in 0. K t r . and occrrrs in Tiirku V I I I ~ Yen.
~ . It
is also prob. that it reappears in U y 2 , as kiiy, 1 kuy- (of a horse) 'to shy'. Survives in NE
but Afiilln transcribed this as kiin, and was Sap. kuy- R I1 889; Khak. xuy-. Xak. XI a t
perhaps right, see 2 kiin. It is possible that, with kuydi: 'the horse (etc.) shied' (nafam) Kay.
their different social arrangements, the Turks 111 246 (kuya:r, kuyma:k).
took this 1.-w. as meaning merely ' a secluded S 2 kuy- See kud-.
spot' and that 2 ku:y beloru is the same word.
Dis. 6 Y A
F 1 k u y 'the women's apartments', Chinese
I.+., see above. Occurs only in the Loc. in the 1 kaya: 'a rock', more particularly 'a sharp
stock phr. below. Tiirku V I I I ff. Yen. (I have upstanding rock or rocky cliff'. An early Mong.
been parted from) kuyda: kun~uy[zma:] 'my word kada (Haenirch 55, Kow. 770) has exactly
consorts in the women's apartments' M a l . the same meaning. This suggests that this
27, 2: kuyda: k a d a g ~ m a k: u n c u y ~ m a :'from was originally *kada:, perhaps a Dev. N, fr.
my kinsfolk and consorts in the women's 2 *ka:d- in the sense of 'a leaning object'.
apartments' do. 29, 3: 0. Kir. IX ff. the phr. S.i.a.m.1.g. except SE, NC. Tiirkii VIII ff.
occurs nearly a dozen times, kuyda: k u n - IrkB 49 (1 mf+x);51 (k1gla:g); a.o.0.: Yen.
quylm AfaI. 3, I ; k u y d ~ kkunquytmga:
~ begkii kaya: memorial rock' M a l . 39, 1;
6, 4; kuyda: k u n q u y ~ m g a :7, 4 etc.: Uyg. megkii: kaya: do. 5: Uyg. vrrr ff. Civ. k u r u g
vrrr ff. Bud. kuydeki U I11 42, 23-4 (klrkln). k a y a d a s u v a k a r 'water flows among the dry
rocks' T T V I I 29, 13: Xak. XI kaya: al-$old
2 ku:y basically perhaps 'a secluded spot' or mina'l-cabal 'a hard, bare place on a mountain'
the like. Survives in most NE languages as Kay. I11 170; 0.0. I11 7 (yslt); 19 (yaltm):
kuy 'a cave' R I1 887; Khak. x u y ; Tuv. kuy; KU (some are born wise, some tough, some
perhaps also behind other longer words like brave and) kaya teg yalim 'as hard as a rock'
SW Osm. kuytu 'sheltered from the wind; 6393: a.0. 1535: xlrl(?) Tef. kaya 'cliff' 193:
 DIS. V
Gap. x v ff. k a y a ktih-i bukand 'a high moun- (rod&) the Oirak army by hia firmness' I516,
tain' Son. 281r. 21 (quotn.): Kom. xrv 'rock' 3 ;in 1517, 16 the Xak. form katarga:n, which
kaya CCG; Gr.: KIP. xnl al-$our 'a mass of is the only possible one in this section, seems
rocks' kaya: Horr. 17: xrv kaya: al-;axra to have been altered to kaytarga:n by a
'a rock' Id. 76: xv rahrd 'a broad desert' kaya second hand: xrrr(?) Tef. kaytar- 'to turn
Tuh. 22a. I ; (after of-nahr 'river') mawdi'u'l- (someone) away' 194: g a g . xv ff. kaytar-
-say1 'the bed of a.torrent' kaya do. 36a. 6 ; ( - m a k etc.) dhdiir- 'to turn back' (Trans.)
wcidi 'valley' (tere (d-) and) kaya do. 38a. 7. Vel. 327 (quotns.); kaytar- (spelt) Caus. f.,
bar-gardcinidan ditto; and metaph. gay wa
D 2 kaya: Ger. fr. kay-, used only in the istijrrjB kardan 'to cause to vomi!' Son. 280r.
phr. kaya: bak-, k6r-, and the lrke in the 6 (quotns.): Xwar. x ~ kaytar-
v to turn, turn
sense 'to look back, or behind one'. Such phr. back, return' (Trans.) Qufb 129; Nahc. 286,
survive in NE Tel., Tuv. R 11 89 (xaya Pal. 17: Klp. xrlr arca'a gayrak 'to turn someone
454). It seems clear that this is the only form back' kaytur- (sic) Hou. 34, 17; rod&
and that the spell~ngkrya which might he kaytur- (sic) do. 40, r 3: xrv (ka:ylt- racn'a);
taken as a similar Ger. fr. kiy- (kld-) is an kaydur- (sic) radda; the Imperat. of the first
error. Uyg. vtrr ff. Chr. (they threw the stone is ka:ytt and of the second k a y t a r (sic); the
in the well) s n s a b a r l p kaya k6rdiler 'and original form was ka:yitdur, then the -d- was
so going on they looked backwards' U I 8, I r assimilated to the -t- and it became kaylttur;
(M~iller,In error, k a y 'what?'): Xak. XI k a p g then it was shortened by omitting one of the
bolsa: kaya: kSrme:s 'if there ts a panic, assimilated (-t-s), the second, and it became
no one stops (yu'arric; should be 'looks back') kaytur, then the -u- became -a- for the sake
for anyone else' Kay. I 369, 8; (the hunted of euphony (falaba(n) li'l-taxfg); we reckon
wolf) kaya: ko:rtip baku: a g d ~ : turned that it was the second -t- that was elided for
back towards me (iitafata ilayyo) and when two reasons, (I) the first (-t-) is part of the root
he'saw me he climbed' III 229, 17: KB (arliya) and the second of a suffix (zd'ida), and
4095 (8girnsin-; Arat k ~ y a ,but the MSS., the suffix part would be elided before the root
though they vary, do not confirm this): part; (2) there is a precedent for the elision of
=[I(?) Tej. kaya bak- 193. the -t- and the retention of the -r- in such
words as icilr-, kecir- Id. 77: xv (radda in
S k a y u See ka:fiu:. the meaning of raca'a kayt-), but raddado,
Caus. f. in the sense of 'closing' a door or bale
Tris. ~ Y C of merchandise (raddada'l-bib acci'l-sal'a) is
D kaya:cuk morphologically Dim. f. of kaytar- Km.$3, 2.
1 kaya: but meaning 'a small rock plant'. R II
92 lists a SW Osm. phr. kayaclk a g a p 'a D kaytur- Caus. f. of kay-; survives in SW
kind of tree', not noted elsewhere. Xak. XI Osm. kaydir-; Tkm. ga:ydlr- but only in
kaya:yuk 'a sweet-scented mountain plant' extended senses. Xak. xr (01) a g a r kayturdt:
(nabt); I reckon (akibuhu) that tt is al-zarnab translated 'he urged him to help his brother
(translations vary widely, the most plausible and show respect to him' ('atfihi 'alayhi) Kay.
are 'snffron' (Steingars) and 'the fragraqt leaf III 193 (kayturur, k a y t u m a : k ) : (KIP. see
Flacourtia cataphracta' (Red.)) Kaj. 111177. kaytar-, ?m~s-spelt).

Mon. V. GYD- D ktytur- Caus. f. of b y - (kld-); survives

only(?) in NE Tel. klydlr- (r) 'to order to cut
D kayt- See kadit-. on a slant'; (2) 'to lose one's way' R N 699;
Khak. xlydrr- (I) only, and NC Kzx. neke
DIS. CYD luydlr- 'to have a marriage celebrated' R II
E krylt in the phr, emgekler klyltlar in SUV.' 699 (neke is Ar. nikiih 'mqrriage'). Xak. xr 01
a g a r kami* l u y t u r d : he ordered him to
117, 15 seems to be an error for klyln (klfi),
'pains and tortures'. cut the reed (etc.) on a slant' (bi-gal' ...
mu&rrafa(n)) Ka8. 111 193 (luytutur, kly-
SD kayda, kaydan See ka:fiu:. turma:k).

DIS. V. CYD- D kuytur- Caus. f. of 2 kuy-(kud-); s.i.s.m.1.

for 'to order (someone) to smelt (metal)'. X ~ f k .
D kuyrt- Hap. leg.; Caus. f. of 1 kuy-; XI 01 rnenig eligke: su:v kuyturdl: he
vocalized both kuylt- and kuyut-. Xak. xr ordered (someone) to pour (bi-fabb) water on
01 a t t g kuyittr: 'he made the horse shy' my hands' Kas. III 193 (kuyturur, kuy-
(mfara) Kay. I1 326 (kuyitwr, kuy1tma:k). turma:k).
D kaytar- Caus. f. (with unusual vocalization) D kaytart- Caus. f. of kaytar-; survives in
of kayt- (kadlt-); 'to turn, turn back'(Tran9.). NW Kaz. R I1 35. Xak. XI ~ t keyik h
S.i.a.m.1.g. except NE. O g u z XI 01 atrg kay-, k a y t a r t s u n yugriya'l-kalb ' n u mddi'l-fayd
tardt: 'he turned (farafa) the horse from the ilaynd 'let him incite the hounds to drive the
direction in which it wns going' ('an wachihi); game back to us' Kay. 111429. 5 ; n.m.e.
the Turks say katardi: Kaj. III 193 (kay-
t a r u r , kaytarma:k); a.0. (not marked Opuz) D kaytlg- Hap. leg.; Recip. f. of ksyt-
O g r a k sU:sin kaytarga:n 'he drove back (kadlt-); vocalized kaytftp, but in a section
 D I S . V.
containing Dis. V.S. Xak. I X o1a:r ikkl: kuyak in most NI< languages (including TLIV.);
kaytlgdl: 'they two turned round and looked SE 'Par.; NC I<zx. R I l 901. Cf. kUpe:,
('dqaba) at one another' Koj. 111 195 (kay- 2 yarlk. Xak. X I KB (he gave hirn the rank
ti$u:r, knyti$ma:k). of mazir, a sen], a title, 3 r d to~etherwith a
standard a d r u ~ nand) kuyaQ 'a breastplate'
T r i s . V. ~ Y D - 1036: Gag. xv ff. kuyak 'a piece of nrmour
I) kaytaril- Pass. f. of k a y t a r - ; survives in (iild!~) like a katlaw which they wear on the
day of hattlc'; the difference between it and the
NW I<az. R I1 35. (Xak.) X I I I ( ?A;. ) kad3 kiltlaw is that they sew the scales (barghri) of
kaytarllmaz k a t i g ya k u r u p 'fate cannot
be turned back whcn it strings its strong bow' the latter on its surface, and those of the former
462; Tej. kaytarll- 'to be turned back' 195. they put bet\veen (the layers of filhric, dar
miydn mi-gu~arand) Son, 29zr. 6 (katlaw is
a medieval word, presumably der. fr. I k a t
Dis. G Y G 'layer, fold').
S kayak See kaiiak.
D koyug (kodug) Dev. N./A. fr. koy-
VUD knytg Dev. N./A. fr. kay- (2 *ka:d-); (ko:d-); of a liquid. 'thick, viscid'; the semantic
the existence of this word is doubtful; in the connection is not close, but cf. koyul-.
entry in Kay. the qZ/carrics afaflra and the yd' S.i.a.m.1.g. with minor phonetic changes and
is unvocalized, but this entry follows koyug extended meanings. I,.-w. in PC.,etc., Doerj~r
and the normal order of words with the same 111 1589. UyE. X I V Chin.-Uyg. Dicf. 'thick,
consonants in Kof. is the usual one, Jutha, viscid' koyug Ligeti 168; R I1 528: Xak. X I
damma, knsra; in this position therefore k o y u g ne:g a/-~axinti'l-falia tnina'l-mdyi'dt
klyig, a Sec. f. of kid& would be expected, 'a thick, viscid liquid'; hence al-rubb 'fruit
and the resemblance between the translations syrup' is called koyug siicig prdb raqiq galiz
of this word and klytk in Ka?. makes this all 'a weak (?non-alcoholic) thick drink' Kup. I11
the more probable. The word in Vel., if cor- 166: KB (listen to the man) bilgi koyug 'with
rectly translated, is more likely to be a Pass. profound knowledge' 3829: x r ~ r ( ? Tef.
) koyu
Dev. N . / A . . but Son. does not mention this ;yaq~I'dark green' 211: Gag. xv ff. koyuk
meaning and lists only kayuk (kayguk), and viscid'(fa1ii) of a liquid, also 'which has sedi-
it is very prob. that Vel.'s is a mistranslation. ment at the bottom' Son. zgzv. 18: X w a r . xrv
Xak. X I kayig (?ktytR) y&r al-mawdi'u'f- k o y u g k a n t a k ~irig k u s t ~'she vomited
-mrttrhar~a'ani'l-cridda w a fayrihi 'a place at thick blood and pus' Nahc. 395, 5.
an angle from the (main) road, ete.' Kaj. I11
166: Gag. sv ff. kayiklkayuk kayk~ . . . S k u y u g See kudug.
nrdnn g i l t n i ~ma'nrirrnri 'hent backwards' VeI. kuyka: 'skin; fur'. A I.-w. in hlong. krtvika
329. 'the skin of the scalp' (Koru. 853, Haltod 212).
S kayik/knyuk See kayguk. NE Kaq., Koih., Sag. (and Tuv.) k u y g a R II
890; NC I<tr., Kzx. kuyka, with the letter
S ktytg See kldtg. meaning, seetn to be rchorrowings fr. Mong.
Xak. X I kuyka: basically (fi n~li'l-lrtga)'skin'
D klyrk (*klduk) Pass. Dev. N./A. fr. kiy-; (nl-cild); 'fur' (01-jrirrt7n) is called kuyka:
'crooked, cut on a slant', and the like. Easily after it; hence one says 01 ko:yug kuyka:-
confused with ktylg (kid@) in some modern ladl: 'he burrit (a!tmqa) the hair off the sheep
languages. NE Tel. klyik 'anger' R II 716; so that the skin appeared, but did not flap it'
Khak. XIYIX 'injury, insult' may belong here; (lam ynslrrx); that is the process of roasting
the word certainly survives in SW Osm. klyik (a/-tasnri[) KO$. I11 173: (kuyga: 'town gate'
'minced, chopped up' (the translation 'fainting in Rif. 179 is an error for kapga: and koyga
fit' in R I1 716 is not confirmed elsewhere); in Vel. 334 a misprint of kobga (kovga:)).
'rkin. glylk 'crooked'. Uyg. vrrr ff. Civ. k i m -
ni0 kozin a g l z ~ nyB1 t a r t l p klylk kilmlg ? k a y g u k Dev. N. (Conc. N.) fr. kay-;
e r s e r 'if a man's eyes or mouth are made a small boat'; etymologically perhaps (a boat
crooked by demoniacal possession' (i.e. a para- of which the prow, and perhaps stern ere)
lytic stroke) H 1 124: Xak. XI 'a breach of 'turned upwards'; s~nnller than a kemi:.
promise' (xrilfu'l-wa'd) is called kiyik; and it S.i.a.m.1.g. except NE (where only k e m e (sic)
js used as an Adj. (ytisaj), one says k i y ~ kkiqi: is used) w. some phonetic changes. L.-w. in
a man who breaks his promises' (muxlif li'l- Pe., etc., Doprjer 111 1415. Cf. uqa:n. Xak.
-'ids): kiyik ne:g 'anything crooked', for xr kayguk a/-zarwaq 'a small boat' Kop. III
enatnple a reed-pen cut at an angle (mu!larraj) 175; 0.0. I loo (b6g-); 186, 1 3 : xtv hfuh.(?)
Kay. I11 167; a.0. 1 7 0 , 1 0 : KB (he served his (after 'ship' kemi:) al-zarvraqu'l-knbir 'a large
yaster faithfully and) kaylrqa kiyik k l l m a d ~ boat' ka:yga:k (MS. kn:@a:k; 'small boat'
did nothing which was as crooked as a sand- kiqi: kemi:) Rif. 161 (only): Gag. xvfF.
dune' 1723: Gag. nv ff. klylk sill krifa 'tri- k a y u k (spelt) 'a small boat' (zamraq); the
angular' (quotn.); also used for a triangular Rtimi spell it kayik Son. 281v. 14 (quotn.).
towel or woman's veil (quotn.) San. 3oor. 4.
kuya:E 'breastplate, cuirass'; an early I.-w. in Dis. V. GY&-
hlong. (Haenisch 74, Kow. 945); survives as S k a y g u r - See kadgur-.
 DIS
D koygag- Recip.'f. of koyRn:-, Den. V. fr. (and kuyul- 'to bc poured out'); in several
2 koy (2 ko:ii); to emhrace one another'. texts Z'TS 1 4 x 9 ; 111481 ; I V 545.
Koyga- 'to embrace' survives in NE $or R 11
503, and koygaq- in that Ianpuage and I'uv. 1) koylug- (kodlug-) Hap. lee.; Co-op. f. of
(xoygag-). Xak. xr koygaqrp yatsa: an19 koyul-; vocalized koyrrltq- but in a section
yii:zi:ge: tnnn #[ica'bhrr u'orri'i rc;aclti/ti 'who- containinp Dis. V.S. Xak. xr sii:tle:r koy-
ever lies hy his side face to face with him' Kaj. lugdr: 'the milks (or any other liquids) all
1243, l o ; n.m.e.: K o m . xrv 'we lay with one coagulated' (.m!rtrot) h'aj. I11 195 (key-
another' biz koygagrp yatttk C C G ; Gr. lugu:r, koy1ugma:k).
1) kuylug (kudlug-) Hap. leg.; Co-op. f. of
Tris. G Y ~ kuyul- (kudul-); vocalized kuyuly-, hut see
koylug-. Xak. XI ta:gdln su:vla:r k a m u k
D koyugluk A.N. fr. koyug; 'viscosity'.
S.i.s.rn.l. Xak. xr koyugluk 'viscidity' (al- kuylugdl: 'the waters (or other liquids) all
streamed down (injabbat) from the mountain'
-Inxcinn) of liquids Ka> 111 178. Kaf. 111 195 (kuylu$u:r, kuylugma:k).
D kiyrkstz I'riv. N.iA. fr. krylk; 'unswerving;
not guilty of l>rcnchcsof faith; loyal'. Pec. to Dis. GYM
Kh'. Xak. xr K B (anyone entering the royal D k u y i m Iiap. leg.; the qZf is unrocalized,
service. . .) taplnsa k i y ~ k s ~y a r u t s a yuzin but there is no doubt that this is a N.S.A. fr.
'must serve loyally and cheerfully' 482; 1 kuy-. Xak. xr k u y l m 'fear and panic'
t a p i n d l k t y ~ k s l zbagirsakliktn 'he served (al-xawf tua'l-jaza') which hreaks out among
with unswerving kindliness' 608; a.0. 952. the people of a province on the approach of an
enemy; one says korktnq k u y l m boldr: Kai.
T r i s . V. GYG- 111168.
1) kuyka:la:-Ilap. Icg.; Den. V. fr. kuyka:. D kiyma: (kidma:) Pass. Dev. N. fr. kly-
Xak. xi Kaj. III 173 (kuyka:); n.m.e. (kid-); lit. 'cut on a slant', but normally the
name for a f o m of foodstuff so prepared.
D kayaklan- Hap. leg.; Refl. Den. V. fr. S.i.a.m.1.g. L.-w.inPe.,etc., Uoerfer 111 1608.
k a y a k (kaiiak); everywhere miwocalized Xak. XI kiyma: ugre: 'the name of a kind of
kayuklan-. Xak. xr su:t kayaklandi: 'skin noodles (al-ipiya); the dough for it is cut on
(al-damciya) formed on the surface of the milk' a slant (muh&(n)) like sparrows' tongues; it
K q . 111197 (kayaklanu:r, kayak1anma:k). is called kiyma: iigr:: (sic) Kas. I11 173:
Gag. xv ff. l u y m a meat cut into small
D ~ S .V. GYL- pieces' (riz riz karda) San. 3oor. 2 : KIP. xrv
D kiyrl- Pass. f. of k ~ y -(kid-); s.i.m.m.l.g. k ~ y m a :'a well-known form of cooked meat'
with rather various meanings (cf. kld-). UyE. (al-fabix) fd. 77: xv mudaqqaqa 'minced meat'
vrrr ff. Bud. baxglmtznt k l y ~ l d l'our teacher k r y m a Tuh. 35a 4.
has died' Hiien-fs. 18!7-8 (the Acc. form must D kuyma: (kudma:) Pass. Dev. N. fr. 2 kuy-
he a scrilial error;' our teacher (Now.) has (kud-); s.i.s.m.1. in SE, NC meaning 'cast
heen cut off (from life)' could have this rnean- (metal), a cast'. Xak. XI k u y m a : the name of
ing): Xak. X I kti:n k~yrldi: 'the sun sank a kind of cake made with butter (al-xubztc'l-
(zdlal); and one says 8:d kryrldt: 'the time -muamman) made as follows; the dough is
passed' (rnnda); and yiga:q kiylldt: 'the wood flattened in (pieces) the size ('ald qamdm) of
was cut on a slant' (mlc!mrrafn(n)); and SO:^ the dough for sweet cakes (al-qa!ZyiJ) and
kiyrldr: 'the promise was broken' (rixlifn'l- placed in butter heated in a pot, flattened until
-';cia ton'/-kalrim) Kni. I11 190 (klyllu:r, it is thoroughly cooked, sprinkled with sugar,
kiy11ma:k): K R (from this day forward) and eaten. And any tool (;la) made of bronze
ktyilma taprn 'serve and do not fuil in your (falizzi'l-ard) which is cast (maf@a) and not
duty' 597; 0.0. 607 (Crte:); 1652. forged with a hammer, for example a mortar
or candlestick (or lamp, al-sirdc) or hammer is
D koyul- (kodul-) Pass. f. of koy- (ko:d-); called kuyma: Kap. 111173: (there is a cog-
s.i.a.m.1.g. excrpt NE(?), usually 'to be placed', nate form in Kip. xrv k u y m a k 'a thick soup
etc., but in N C Klr., Kzx. also 'to he thick, (harira) cooked with butter'; also 'a sweet
viscid'. Xak. xr y u g r u t k o y u l d ~ :'the yogurt pancake' (al-zaldbiya) Id. 77; 'dough cooked
coagulated' (m!ura), also used of other liquids with butter', also 'a sweet pancake' k u y m a k
when they become viscid (galuqa) Kap. 111 Bul. 8, 15).
190 (koyulu:r, koyulma:k): Gag. xv ff.
koyul- grrdci~ta rudan 'to be relinquished, D k i y m a q (ktdmaq) Dev. N./A. fr. kry-
abandoned' (and, of water, 'to be poured out', (kid-); an unusual use of a Suff. normally
i.e. kuyul- Pass. f. of 2 kuy- (kud-)) Son. used for names of foodstuffs. N.0.a.b. Xak.
z92r. 21: Kom. xrv 'to be placed' koyul- xr kiymaq b 6 r k 'a white hat (qalamuwa) of
C C G ; Gr.: (Kip. xtv kuyul- harra (?read goats' hair' (al-mar'izzi) worn by the Cigil
hrtna) 'to be poured out' Id. 77; huzza 'to Kaa. 111 175: Gag. xvff. kiymaq $arm-i
shake, brandish', error for hurra kuyul- Brrl. ahwal 'an eye with a squint' San. 3oor. 2.
86r. (the dot of z is not at all clear)): O s m .
xrv ff. koyul- (I) 'to be placed'; (2) 'to attack' S k a y m a k See kafiak.
 Mon. C;YN (kak1:la:-): X I I I ( ? 7i.f.
) kknyna-(-r, -yu) 'to
S k ~ y nSee 2 kl:n (k1:ii) hnil' 194: x ~ vMtih. RalG knyna- MFI. 2 9 , 9 ;
R!f. 113; nrd' ntaili 'boiling water' kayna:r
S koyn See 1 ko:A. su: 77, ro; 181: Gag. xv ff. kayna- (spclt)
cdjidnn 'to bnil' Son. 281r. 6 (quotns.): Xwnr.
xlv kayna- 'to boil'(1ntrans.; lit. and metaph.)
Quth 128; MN I 19: Kom. x~vdittr)CCG; Gr.
S kayln See kadrn. 190 (cjuotn.): KIP. X I V kayna- foloti'l-gidr Id.
S k a y q See k a d ~ g . 57 ; fold'/-nrd' H~tf.66v. : xv falE knyna- Trrh.
27% 3.
koyan (kodan) 'hare'; not actually noted
before the medieval period but certainly much 1) kuyun- (kucjun-) [Tap. Icg.; RrR. f. of
older for two reasons: (I) some NE forms go 2 kuy- (kud-). X a k , xr 01 6:ztge: su:v
back to *kodan which must be an old word; kuyundl: 'he m;lde it hip husiness to pour
(2) while kuyan is a fairly recent word in (~ohh) watcr ovcr h~msrlf' Keg. III 191
Cuvag there is evidence for the existence of (kuyunu:r, kuyunma:k).
a really old Cuvag form x o r a n (with - r - S kayna- See k a y ~ n - .
fr.-d-), see V. G . Yegorov, Etimologicheskii
slwar' chtrvnshsko~o yozykn, Cheboksary, 13 kaynnt- CRUC.f. of kayna- ( k a y ~ n - ) ;'to
1964, p. 122. Sutvives in NE Alt., Leb., Tel. boil' (Trans.). S.i.a.rn.l.g.; cf. k a y ~ n t u r - .
koyonlktiyijn R I1 526, 1240; Koib., Sag., Xak. xr 01 egiq kaynattt: 'he boiled (ogla') the
For kozan do. 629; Khak. x o z a n ; Tuv. pnt' Kni. 11 357 ( k a y n a t u : ~ ,kaynatma:k):
kodanlkoygun; in some NC, SC, N W lan- Kom. X I V 'to boil' (l'rans.) kaynat- C C I ; Gr. :
guages koyan and the like. Cf.tavtg2a:n. KIP. knynat- nflG Id. 77; otliZ'l-?,td' kaynat-
(Uyg. v r ~ rff. Man.-A koyan in M 1 8 . 8 is Btrl. zSv.
the Man.-A form of koyun ( I ko:ii)): (Xak.?)
xrv Muh. ai-arnah 'hare' ko:ya:n Mel. 72, 10; T r i s . V. ~ Y N -
RiJ 175(mis-spelt ko:bn:n): Gag. xv ff. koyan D kayrntur- Caus. f. of kayln-; prc. to Uye.; f I
(inter alia) tuwjnn 'hare' Vel. 346; koyan cf. kaynnt-. Uyg. v r r ~fT. Dud. (you must
(spelt) xnrgtif 'hare' Sun. 2 9 2 ~ .7: X w a r . xrv administer) kaylnturmrg yaglarlg 'boiled
ditto Qrrth 138: Kom. xrv ditto C C I ; Gr.: oil' (to sufferers from jaundice) Saw. 592, 17;
KIP. xrrl nl-arnab koya:n ( T k m . tawga:n) a.0. T11f l V 254, roo: Civ. kaytntur- is com-
Horr. 11, 4: xrv koyan 01-omnb Id. 76; ditto .man in If I , r.p. k a y l n t u r u p 'boil' (two joints
(also called dawuggan) Btrl. 10, 6; xv arnab of goat's meat in onc cup of wine and one cup
(tawvan and) k ~ y a n(sic) Tuh. 4b. 8. of water) 17; 0.0. do. 106-7, 1 12, 135-6;
ka:yrntrup T T VIII M.33-4
S 1 koyun See 1 ko:ti.
S 2 koyun See 2 *ko:A.
k a y ~ rI'rrl~minary notc. Neither of the tvonfs
S k!yn$t Sce kl:np:.
belorv ran hr explni~trrfos Src. f.s of kadrr; hrrt
D ~ S .V. CYN- NE Lrh., Ttrh. kayr. Tel. kayrr in thr nlfernn-
live mrntrirrgs of 'sle~p,prrcipifotrs' 11 I1 .?o, 9.f
kayln- (*kafi-) 'to boil' (Intrans.); the main nre srrrh Sec. f.s.
entry in KO$. is kayln- and this form is con-
firmed by the Caus. f. kaytntur-, hut every- 1 k a y r r survives in NE 'I'uv. kayrlkaylrl
where else, even in Koj. (unless these other x a y l r 'n salt steppe or marsh in the mountains'
passages have been misvocalized), the form is R II to, 9 j ; Pol. 445; and kaylr 'sandbank'
kayna-, the form in which the V. s.i.a.m.1.~. (on land or in a river) in N C Kzx.; NW Kk.,
This situation is best explained by assuming Nog.; SW Osm. Xak. xr kaylr al-dahds
that the original form was kaii-; cf. kafiak. t~rino'l-ord 'soft lcvel pround' stnong the
Uyg. ~ I I ff. I Bud. (the pot called rrpanat Turks; the Osuz call 'sand' (01-raml) k a y l r
(Sanskrit 1.-m.) fill1 of ashy water) iizliksiiz Kaf. I11 165; 0.0. I 158 (egil-); 166 (2 eg-; in
tolu kaylnar 'is continuously full and boiling' both cases translated 'sand' although these I
TM I V 255, 132: Xak. xr between tayan- words are not specificnlly Oj$rz): KB 1723
and kuyun-) ell$ kaymdt: !later revocalized ( k l y ~ k ) :0 g u z XI see Xak.: KIP. xIrr a[-!taihZ'
kaynad~:) 'the pot (etc.) boiled' (gold); in a small pebbles' kaylr Hou. 5 , 16: xrv kayrr
prov. kayna:r ogiiz 'a river which is swollen
and in high flood' (yacii rcn yafrir md'uhrc) KO$.
nl-rrmrltr'l-galiz 'coarse sand' fd. 77; 01-mml
k a y t r (and k u m ) Btrl. 4, lo: xv folak 'hillock'
,
III 191 (kayna:r, kaylnma:k, later revocal- k a y t r (or k l r ? ) Ttrh. 27h. z : O s m . xrv to xvr
ized kaynama:k); kayna:r egi$ I 166, 12; k a y l r , usually in [lend. with k u m , 'coarse
z48 (amrul-); 390, 18; kogliim a g a r kay- snnd, fine pebbles'; fairly cotnmon T T S 1437;
n a p : (sic, rhyming with oynayu:, boynayu:) I1 605; I11 426; I V 486.
'my heart boiled (cZfa) for him' I 225, 27;
k a y n a p yana: y u m ~ a l l m'let us intensify 2 k a y t r 'castoreum, the odorous secretion of
(naytadd, our attacks) and then make peace' the heaver'; survives only(?) in NE Sag.
1441, lo; a.0. I11 280 (qokra:-); (in 111302 k a y l r ; 'rob. k a y r R II 19, 95. Uye. vrrr ff.
kayna:- is an error for katna:-): KB 72 Civ. H I 125 (kunduz): Xak. XI Kag. I 4 5 8
(kunduz); n.m.e.: Gag. xv ff, Sun. z91r. 26 6 r d e k of-iwazz 'goose', but this must be an
(kunduz). error. The word is generic, particular species
being identified by preceding qualifying
D kuya:r 1Iap. leg.; Dev. N./A. (Aor. Par- words. Almost certainly an early 1.-w. fr. some
ticiple) fr. 2 kuy- (kud-). Xak. xr kuya:r Indo-European language, prob. Tokharian,
sabb yusabh bihi 'a t e , m of ahuse' addrcsscd to cf. Sanskrit hamra, Old English g6s, German
animals and slaves; hence one says bu: kuya:r Cans. L.-w. in Pe., etc., Doerfer 111 1389.
(MS. kuya:rr:) hddd pibb wa mdc bi-fihi (MS. Uyg. V I I I ff. Bud. kazlar b e g i w oxgatl
bintuhu) 'this man who drihbles and froths at 'like the leader of (a flight of) geese' T T
the mouth'; taken fr. the phr. SU:V kuydl: 'he X 133; a.0. do. 160 (tizig); 0.0. Pfahl. 6,
poured out water' (etc.) Kaj. III 171 (as con- 6 etc. (tiflr, q.v.); Suu. 4, 12 (Brdek):
vincingly amended by Atalay). Civ. T T VIII M.25 (iiflr): Xak. XI ka:z
S k a y r a k See k a d r a k . al-balt (see ahove) Kay. III 149; about a dozen
0.0.: K B k a z 'geese' (ducks, swans, and
. CYR-
D ~ UV. swallows) 72: X I V Muh. (under 'water birds')
S kayrlg- See kacjrig-. 01-ball wa'l-irwazz ka:z Mel. 73, 5; Rif. 176:
Kom. X I V 'goose' k a z C C I ; Gr.: KIP. xrlr al-
Tris. CYR -iwaza ka:z Hou, 10, 5 : XIV k a z 01-wazz (sic,
Sec. f. of iwazz) Id. 71; karaca: ka:z al-
D kayrrllg 1Iap. Icg.; P.N./A. fr. 1 kayir. -1aglai (according to the Kdmfis not the same
Xak. XI k a y l r l ~ gy6:r ard dahsa 'soft level as al-laqlaq 'stork', but not further specified)
.ground' Kay. I11 I 7 8 do. 70; ditto (both entries) Bul. I I , I I : xv
Dis. CYS al-iwazz ka:z Karl. 39, 4; 62, 12; Tuh. 4b. 11
(and tope kaz).
S kayag See kadag.
S ksiylg See k a d ~ g . 1 k1:z basically 'girl, unmarried woman', but
often used with a more restricted meaning
kuya:g originally 'the blazing heat of the (mid- 'daughter, slave girl', and the like. Although
day) sun'; later, more generally, 'the sun'. the main entry in Kay. is k l z the original
S.i.a.m.1.g. except NE, SW in the latter sense form was certainly kr:z, SW Tkm. still 8 1 : ~ .
as well as, or instead of, 1 kiin. Uya. vlrI ff. C.i.a.p.a.l.; cf. klrkln, ktrnak. L.-w. in Pe.,
Civ. i s i g kuya:gka: emge:nmig kigi 'a man etc., Doerfer I11 1601. Tiirkti V I I I ~ i U kklz
suffering from sun-stroke' T T V I I I 1.10: og11:n 'their pure (i.e. virgin) daughters' (as
Xak. X I kuya:g bamdratu'l-qayz wa yidda opposed to url: og11:n 'sons') I E 7, I1 E 7;
waq'i'l-lams 'intense midsummer heat and the ( I wedded) klztmln 'my daughter' (to the
violent impact of the sun' Kay. 111172; 0.0. Turgeg ragan and took) k1zl:n 'his daughter'
I.155 (uslt-); 353 (tiirk); I1337 (1 koggat-): (to marry my son) 11N 9-10; a.0. T 48 (a@:):
Gag. xv ff. kuyag it is generally known that v ~ r rff. 01 klz 'that girl' Toyok I V Ir. 6 ( E T Y
they use this word for giinef 'sun' Vel. 346 !
I 180): Uyg. vlrr eki: k1z1:n t a p @ bkrti:
(quotn.); kuyag ri/db 'the sun' Sun. 292v. 5 he gave his two daughters to serve me' (i.e. as
(quotns.): Xwar. xlrr kuyag 'sun' (hut k u n hostages) $u. W 4-5; a.o. do. E 3 (koduz):
commoner) 'Ali 49: XIV ditto Qutb 143; MN IX (I had three sons and) k l z m iic 'three
16, etc.: K o m . xrv 'sun' kuyag (and ktin) daughters' Suci 6; a.o. do. 7: vrrr ff. Man.-A
C C G ; Gr.: KIP. xrrr of-ji'd' 'the sun's rays' (the Light Goddess) a m r a k klzl 'the benign
kuya:g ( T k m . kUne:g (MS. kiine:~))Hou. 5 , 2: daughter' (of the God Zurvan) M I 25, 33:
xrv kuyag bafganda: at sunset'; kuyag Bud. k ~ z'girl' is common, e.g. B a d r a klz
yi'd'rr'l-ynms also used for al-yams Id. 77, a.0. 'the maiden Bhadri' U I1 20, 2; 0.0. in PP
85 (kline*); gi'd'u'l-yams kuyag Bul. 2, 11: 41 ff. (klrkln); it also often means 'daughter',
xv ditto Kau. 58, 8 ; yi'd' (yarlk and) kuyag e.g. (said by a mother) a m r a k k l z l m U 111
Tuh. zob. I . 84, 9 ; 0.0. T T VI 146 (tiiziin): Civ. luz is
Dis. V. GY$- common in TT VII, usually for 'daughter';
a.0. T T I 156 (utlrl~g):0. Klr. IX ff. (I could
D kaylg- Recip. f. of kay-; s.i.a.m.l.g., usually not stay with) o g l a n m kiidegU:lerim l u z
for 'to bend, bow', occasionally 'to show sym- kelinlerim 'my sons, sons-in-law, daughters,
pathy to'. Xak. X I ola:r ikki: bi:r bi:rke: and daughters-in-law' Mal. 3, 6; l u z o g l i m
kaytgdr: 'they showed respect ('atafa) to one 'my daughters' do. 22, I ; a.0. do. 16, I (yal-
another' Kay. 111188 (kaylgu:r, kay1gma:k; ~ u : s ) :Xak. XI klz al-cdriya 'slave girl'; hence
verse). one says klz k l r k ~ nal-cawdri; klz al-bint
S klylg- See kldlg-. 'daughter'; one says m e n i g k l z l m 'my
daughter'; and 'a virgin' (al-'adrd') is called
D kuyug- Co-op. f. of 2 kuy- (kud-); e w (sic) klzl: that is '(a girl) kept (mrupddaro)
s.i.s.m.l. Xak. XI 01 a n a r su:v kuyupdr: 'he in the home'; y i n ~ g e :klz al-sumsa concu-
helped hirn to pour out(fi fabb) water' (etc.) bine'; this word is used both for 'a young free
K a h I11 189 (kuyugu:r, kuyugma:k). woman' (a[-fiurratu'l-fattiya) and 'a slave girl'
(al-cdriyatu'l-mnmIriRa), but originally meant
Mon. CZ 'virgin' (al-'adrd') and the other meanin-
?F 1 ka:z 'goose'. S.i.a.m.1.g.; Kay. con- were taken metaphorically (rutu'ira) from it:
sistently translates 1 ka:z al-hat! 'duck' and ktz kug the name of a bird which fluttets
(yntnkrjfih) round a man as if it wishes to xo:z. (UyR. V I I I ff. Civ. It's reading and
alight on him (yoqn' 'nlnyhi) Kns. I 326; the translnt~onof LISP. 50, 2 koz yarmlq iiqiioil
word, nearly always spelt k l : ~ is , very cornmon tiirt b a k ~ br e r d l m ' I paid four coppcr coins
in Kay.; both 1 and 2 kr:z occur in the prov. fur a nut-cracker' is certainly wrong, the first
k a l r ~b6:rse: kt:z a11:r kere:k bulsa: kr:z word is pr(rb. kog ; the second and third (which
alr:r 'if a man pays a bride price he gets n n u s t be Dnl.) prob. ~nistranscrihed):X I V Afu)~.
virgin for a bride (01-'orris bihrn(n)); if he dol~irrr'l-rortz 'nut oil' ko:z yagt: Alrl. 66.
wants something and must have it (htlrc*o 7 ; Rif. I 6 s ; 01-coruz ko:z 78, I 3 ; 183; (nl-
mtllrtfic iloyhi), he inevitably pays high for it' -corozd' '(;eniini' (in the signs of the Zodiac)
(yayfariyahu gliliyn(n)) III 371, 20; the Oguz ko:z 183 (r~nl!) is either a transcription of nl-
and KIP., who are a section (~abaqa)of the -cnrczd' or an error for kog): C a g . X V ff. k o ~
Xalaq, say xl:zlm 'my daughter', and the girdgdtr 'waln~~t', in Ar. cnrcz Son. 287r. 22:
'I'urks say kl:zlm I11 218, 21: K B (the Pro- K o m . s ~ 'nut'
v koz; 'nut oil' koz yagl CCI,
phet gave him) ikl k ~ z t n'his two daughters' C C G ; Gr.: Krp. xtlr nl-cnmz koz Ilorr. 8, 3:
56; (the partridge calls its mate) silik klz xlv ko:z a/-coruz, Turcicized (mrrtnrmh) fr.
okrr t e g kogiil bermigin 'as a pure maiden the Ar. by substituting k - for c- !if. 71: xv
calls him to whom she has given her heart' 75 ; corcz koz Ttrlr. I I b. I I .
0.0. 564 (2 k m ) , 2380, 4477 (ev kfzr): XIII(?)
Tej, k ~ z'daughter' 207: X I V Mtrh. a/-bikr k u z ( k u : ~ ? )'the northern side of a mountain
'virgin' evdeki kr:z Mel. 53, 1-13; a m : krz seldvm reached by the sun'. Perhaps still
Rif. 149; am: ~ I 150; Z al-bin! kr:z 49,9; 144; survives in SW Osm.; base of the word
a.0. do. (karrnda:?): G a s xv ff. krz drr.utar-i (etymology ohscure) ?\a. guzey; Osm. kuzayl
blihirn'unniarried daughter' Son. 296v. 3: Kom. kuzey; 'I'kni. Ruzay 'north, 110rthern'.
'virgin, daughter' klz; 'sister' ktz karandag I'iirkii V I I I T 7 (qogay): Xak. xr 01-rnaqnu-
(sic); 'maid-servant' (sic) evdegi ktz CCI, rmtzr'Grhnl 'the shady side of a tnountain' is
(;CG; Gr.: Krp. sr11 nl-hint krz Hou. 24, called k u z ta:g, that is the side which the sun
2 r ; 32, 3; a/-hihr krz oglan do. 25, I ; a.0. do. clots not rcncli until it has passed the zenith,
72, I (kartnda:$): srv k ~ z01-hint wa'l-bikr; and is to the Irft ('orr ynscr) of the sun; frost
one says krzl k ~ z - m ud u r u r 'is his daughter and snow reign thcre; pmv. kuzda: ka:r
a virgin?' Id. 71 ; nl-hint klz B I ~ 9. , 2; 0.0. egsii:me:s 'there is no shortape of snow on
do. (kannda:?): xv nl-hikr k ~ z Kav. 59, 14; the shady side of a mountain' K o ~ I 325;
T~rk.7a. 4; a.o. do. 3h. 4.(karlnda:g). ku:z ta:a same translation I11 124: KB 5372
(kotuz): Krp. xlv kuz 'a place which the sun
2 kl:z basically 'costly, expensive', hence 'rare', does not reach when it first rises' Id. 71 : O s m .
and by a further extension, 'tniserly'. N.0.a.b. ; xrv to xvl kuz 'a place which the sun does not
it survived until rcccntly in SW Osm. but is reach'; in several texts T T S I1 672; I11 492;
now displaced by krt, not an old word. UyR. I V 558: svrrr k u z . . . (2) in Rrimi, '(a part of)
I Bud. T T V i 5 v.1. (krsga:k): Xak. sr
~ I I ff. the mountains on which the sun does not
an 'expensive' ((11-,@i) thing is called klz shine', and, niore pcncrally, 'shade' (slij.o)
ne:g; hence one says h u a t krz alcllm 'I S n n zS7t. 22.
bought this horse for a high price' (gdliyo(n))
A-ny. 1326; a.0. 111371. 20 (1 kr:~):K B (men hlon. V. <;Z-
like this) holur icji klz, hu krz ktzlrkl kfldt kaz- 'to difi, dip out'; s.i.a.m.l.g. \%-it11s o n ~ c
krz atr k t z 'are very rare; the rareness of cxtencierl nicaninps. Cf. 3 eq-. Uyg. vrrr ff.
virgins made the nord krz mean "virpin" ' 5 6 4 ; Bud. t o p r a k kuza 'digging up the earth' (to
'men are not krz ('girls'), it is kindliness that Iav the foundations of a house) T T V i 82:
is krz ('rare'); rnm are not nz ('ernline', a pet ~ i v k. u g u a kazsnr 'if hr dips a well' T T VII
nanie fnr a slave girl), it is uprightness that is 3 9 - 4 ;LO.29, z ( l bulak): X a k . e r a r r k kazdl:
RZ' ('rare') 866: ~ I I I ( ?At.
) (a cornhination of 'the man dug ([~njnro)a canal' (etc.); and, one .
skill and luck never occurs) k a m u g k ~ z d a01 says a t kazdl: 'the horse was restive (carnaira)
krzrak 01 'that is the rarest of all rarities'4.14; and dug up the ground with its feet' K q . II
a.o. 480 ( ~ u z ) :xlv gold krz 01- Mel. 29, 9 10 (kaza:r, kazma:k): K R 1734 ( t u p u l ~ ) :
(only); 01-2dli (opposite to 'cheap' u:$uz) klz XIII(?)At. (pardon the sins of the sinner and)
55, 9; Rif. 153 : K I P X I I I ('daughter') klz, also ' a d s w a t kokini k a z ~ ps e n koqiir 'dig up
~l-pny'u'l-grjliHo~r.24, 21 ; al-Cdii (opposite to and remove the rout of hostility (to God)' 338:
'che~p'UFUZ)k f z do. 24, 2: SIV ~ I 01-gdliZ fd. srv Afuh. hajarn ka:z- Mel. g,3-7; 20, 12; 25.
71 ; gnli'l-si'n'r 'the price was high' klz old1 7 ; Rif. 81, loo, 107; (among kinds of dogs)
Bul. 66v.: xv gdli klz 26b. 12; gold (kayna- al-hcfir kazga:n 174 (only): <jag. xv ff. kaz-
'to boil' and) krz bol- (and klqi-, q.v.) 27a. 3: hnndnn 'to dig' Son. 272v. 16 (quotns.):
O s m . xrv ff. krz 'costly, rare'; fairly common Xwar. x111 ditto 'Ali 30: xlv ditto Qutb 137:
down to xvr T T S 1 4 6 6 ; I1 636; 111 452; I V Ktp. xIlr !mfnra kaz- Hotr. 37, 17: xrv ditto;
518: xv111 k f z . . . (2) in Rli~ni,knm-n 'rare, kazdl: atnr: 'he stopped (istnrrqafn) his horse';
costly', opposite to arzdn 'cheap' Sun. 296v. 3. and a horse which is stopped is called k a z a g u ~
F ko:z 'nut', and mote specifically 'walnut'; (SO vocalized) Id. 71 (this seems to be a mis-
a corruption, prob. Oguz, of Ar. caw%, cf. understanding of Ka~.'s secortd meaning;
the Pe. corruption garca. First noted in X I I I ; knzgug, Dcv. N . / 4 . ,would he apt to describe
survives in NW Kk. 802; Knm, Kumyk, a horse which paws the ground): x\r hafara
Nog. koz; SW Az. goz; Osm. koz; Tkm. kaz- Ttth. 13b. 5.
 DIS. G Z c 68 r
ktz- basically 'to he red'; hence ( I ) 'to be red 01 y h i g kaz1:dt: 'he dug (itorafa) the ground
hot'; (2) 'to be red' (urith anger, shame, etc.). and scraped it' (baltnjnhd); also used when one
S.i.a.rn.1.~.(in S14:'I'iirki klzt-; S C Uzh. kfzi-) scratches off a scab !nn.hii'l-qarha) and the like
usuallv 'to he hot', but NI.: 'I'uv. 'to hlush'; Kat. I11 264 (kazt:r. kaz1:ma:k): xlv Muh.
S W O:m. 'to blaze with anger'. See klzgur-. qala'o 'to pluck up, uproot', and the ilke ka:zr-
T i i r k u V I I I T 4o.(iirt): Xak. X I K R klzfiu Mcl. 30, r j (I<$. 114 kap-): KIP. xv carada
me912 'his complex~onwill be ruddy' 480; 'to strip off ( e . ~ .hark); to clean ( e . ~ . the
0.0. I roo, I 164, 2385,. 3845 (1 00-). 4524 ground of weeds)' kazl- Trch. ~ z h 2. .
(eglig), 5761 (all, relat~ng tr, the face): X I V
Muh.()) o/-,/ajn' to he warmt k l z m a k if, 11 krza:- Hap. leg.; Den. V. fr. 1 k1:z. Xak.
I MS. klrlrlrrk):Gag. xv ff.klz-(-gan) XI 01 k l : ~ l gkiza:dl: 'he deflou-ered (iftaddo,
kt3-, 01- (to he hot9 1 ~ ~ 1331;
, klz-l MS. iqfoddo) the virgin' Kag. I I I 265 (ktza:r,
klz1~-/klzlt- jinrrn jtrdan Son. q g v . 29 klza:ma:k).
(quotns.): K o m . X I V 'to glow with heat' klz- I) klzu:- Ifap. leg.; Den. V. fr. 2 kl:z. Xak.
C C G ; Gr,: klz- Eanriyo ,to be hot, XI tava:r krzu:dl:#aIot ar'Gr~r'l-silo' 'the price
Id, 71 : Osm. X v klz- be hot; to he red, i n of the merchandise went up' Kay. 111 265
two texts T T S IV 520. (klzu:r, ktzu:ma:k).
Dis. CZA S kuz1:- Hap. leg.; Sec. f. of kur1:-; an
kazl: s.i.a.tn,l g. except SE, sw 'the ~nterestingcase of an -r-1-2- interchange in
fat on a horse's hclly', hence 'a sausage made reverse in a standard Turkish lanwage; mis-
from such fat7. L . . ~ .in ye. as g,izi, D , , ~ , . . ~ spelt k1rrr:- in the R1S. but listed hetween
111 1356. Xak. X I kazi: 'rolls of fat ('rrkrrn) k a m - and klzu:-. Xak. X I an19 bogzl:
on a man's belly, and fat on a horsePs a$ka: kuz1:dr: 'his throat dried (coffo) with
belly1; hence one says yund kaz,:sl: ya:g 'the the food'; this word is in current use (al-
fat on a horsc's belly is (real) fat' (snnrn); it is -mrrsta'mal); but the correct form is with -r-
the favourite meat of the Turks KO&III 223. (not -2-) and this word is irremlar (~addnr)
just as the phr. siit emizdi: nrda'ahu 'he made
kuzl: 'lamb'; a very olt!, First Period, I.-w. him drink milk' is irregular Kay. 111 264
in Rlong. as kurigan (liarrrisch 72; Stlrdies, (kuzl:r, kuzr:ma:k).
p. 235). S.i.a.m.l.g., in some SE, NC, NW
languages as kozl, which is prob. a Sec. f.; Dis. V. CZD-
some NE languages use the Mong. word re-
borrowed, see Shcherbak, p. "3. Uyg. V I I I ff. (S)D kuztt- f. of kuzl:-; n.o.a.b, Uyg'
V I I I ff. Bud. l b i p tozliig Igligke kuzltgu
kuzl buzagu la lamb and a calfp
1 8, 4 ; ,8, (ii): M ~ kuzl ~ ,etin e m l e r y a r a q u r 'for someone suffering from
yegler teat the flesh of a lam,,' M 111 39 an illness caused by mucus (Tokharian 1.-w.)
(iii): c i v . (small n u l n ~ e r sof Various animils) d r ~ i n gdrugs are beneficial' Suv. 592. 1 ~ 2 0 :
beq kuzl #five lambsv US^, 36, 3 : Xak. Xak. X I 01 a n l o boazln kuzuttl: a~hchu'l-
kuzl a,-honlol 'lamb' Kay, 111 224; 1 444 -tafdm 'he excited a desire for fund in him'; the
(baklaznj; 520 (koSul-); 111 270 (hula:-), original (sound) of the -2- was -r-, as if some-
s(,metin,es ol..soxl,, %lamb1: one had dried (caffa, i.e. emptied) his throat
K n kuzl is common both in its lit, of food and he longed for it; this is irregular
1040, etc,; as a of endearment ay (?add) hecause (sic) the Caus. f. of Intrans. V.s
kuz, l m y darling!' bg5; and for the constc]]a- 1s fornlcd onlv with -r- 11 306 (kuzu-
tion ~ n hb, ~139: i ~ li.f, ~ kudl~ qambv t u x . kuzutma:k; in a11 cases spelt kurtdt-,
210 (korli): X I V Mrih. nl-llama1 ku:zt: Mrl. 70,
but the cross-hcading -'-).
14; Rif. 172; ditto ('Aries') ku:zl: 79, 4: 183: D k a z t u r - Caus. f. of kaz- ; s.i.a.m.l.g. Xak.
-2. xvff. kuzl bara 'lamb' (quotn.), xr 01 a g a r k u d u g (MS. apparently ko&)
'Aries' (blirc-i homol), and metaph. 'a human kazturdl: 'he gave hi,,, the task of digging
child' San. 287r. 28: X w a r . xlv kuzl 'lan~b' (hafr) a well ( K ~ inadvertently
~ , ccana13)and
Qkrb 142: K o m . xrv 'lamb' kozl (sic) CCI, he dug it3 K ~ 11~ 190 . (kazturur, k a z t u r -
C C G ; Gr.: Klp. X I I I a[-xnrrv 'lamb' kuzu: ma:k): xI1l(?) ~ ~kazdur- f . ditto 193: Gag.
Horr. 1 5 , 2: XIV kuzl: 01-xortij; kuzu: (sic) ."fi, kazdur- yo order someone to digv
kulagr: al-Itttmmayd 'sorrel', that is 'lamb's (knndnn) sari, 273r,
ear' Id. 71 ; ('middle-sized iamb' toklt:) 'small
one' kuzl: l3111.7, 1 3 : xv there is some con-
Dis. G z ~
fusion in the list of animals in Knu. 61, 19 ff.
(22 'donkey' e ~ e k ) al-.unrfij
: koyun; 62, r 01- D k a z u k Hap. leg.; Pass. Dev. N./A. fr. kaz-;
-romis (unintelligible, ?read a[-rofi' 'suckling') not to be confused with later forms of kazguk.
kuzl:. Cf, kadtk. Xak.xr k a z u k a r t k 'a canal which
Dis. V. CZA- has been dug' (ma!$tir) Kay. I 382.
?S kaz1:- hoth semantically and phonetically D ktzgut Dev. N. fr. klz-; 'punishment',
half-way behxeen kaz- and ka91:-, perhaps lit. 'something which makes a man blush'.
a See. f. of the former; syn*ives in SW y. N.0.a.b. Uyg. vrlr ff. Bud. U I1 26, 14
etc. (2 kl:n): Xak. xr l u z g u t al-nokiil 'a
gazt- 'to carve, engrave ; Osrn. kazl- to
scrape! scrape off, s h ~ v eoff, erase'. Xak. xr public or exemplary punishment'; the man is
 xv ff. kazanq/kazanqllg/kazgan~/kazganq-kazan- Rif. 107 (MS. karan-); a/-tahrll
Ilk fahqil wa iktisrib 'profit, gain, earnings' kazganrnak (this must have been the transla-
Sun. 273r. 26: KIP. X I I I rakassaba 'to seek to tion, the edition has korkutmak) Mcl. 36, I ;
earn' (kazan-/) kazanc eyle- Hotc. 38, 16. k a z a n m a k Rif. 121 (MS. karmmak): Gag.
xv ff. kazgan- (spelt) karb wa tahiil kardan;
Die. 'v. GZG- also pronounced kazan- Son. 273r 3 (quotns.):
E k~zga:- See ktrga:-. K o m . xlv 'to acquire' kazan- C C I ; kazgan-
C C G ; Gr.: Kom. X I I I takasraba 'to seek to
D kazilan- basically 'to earn (wapes by labour), acquire' kazan- (MS. karan-) (and k a z a n ~
to gain (profits by trade)', with some more eyle-) Hou. 38, 1 6 : x v haf8afa kazan- Tuh.
general meanings; Refl. f. of *kazga:-; 13b. IZ.
morphologically this could be a Den. V. fr.
*kame Dev. N. fr. kaz-, but the semantic D klzgur- Hap. leg.; Caus. f. of k u - , lit.
connection is tenuous and it is more likely 'to cause to blush'; cf. klzgut, h z l l - . Xak.
to be a very old V. in -ga:-, survives only(?) XI 01 am: bu: r:gta: klzgurdl: 'he inflicted
in sw A ~ .mm. g a z a n - ; osm,kazan-. exemplary punishment on him (mbla bihi)
T u r k u v l l l ' kazgan- is fairly common; for this act, and made him experience the evil
without an object it to mean yo strive consequences of it so that he should not do it
for success'; e.g. (when 1 came to the throne again' Kaf. 11 194 (klzgurur, k1zgurma:k);
I did not sleep by night or rest by day, a.0. 22.
to ether with I<ul Tegin and the two $ads)
ybtu: kazgantlm kazgnnlp SD kuzglr- ( k u d g ~ r - )Hap. leg.; lnchoative
'1 ,nFarly worked myself to death; and so kf.u of kuz- (kud-); the word is clearly spelt
z g l r - and, as it is KIP., this may be
strlvlng . , . I I E 27, II 22; (2) correct, but it is listed between k a d g u r - and
with or without tarii:, it means strive k u t g t r - , $0 the original text should have had ,
to e.R I E 9 (1 &:I); u E 36 (yeBed-); kutlgrr-. Kip. XI ka:r k u z g l r d ~ (in : the MS.
(3) otherwise it means 'to acquire', e.g. the -g- has both fatha and kana) 'the snow
kaglmlz equmiz kazganmlS bodun atl: came in masses like flocks of birds' (fci'bib
kusi: bolmazu:n ,may the fame and bi-lnyrzn) Kaf. II 193 (kuzglra:rl kuzglr-
reputation of the people whom father and
ancestors acquired not pcrish' I E 16, 11E 22; ma:k)'
u.o.o.: V I I I A. Yen. Cliuiz U~ii:nkazganu: T r i s . V. GZC-
'striving for success on behalf of your realm' D krzgutlan- Hap. leg.; Refl. Den. V. fr.
Mal. 26,4; El-$or 6li:ne: k a z g a n t r m 7 strove kizgut. Xak. XI e r r:qtl:n k ~ z g u t l a n d l :'the
for the success of El-For's realm' do. 32, 8: man was deterred (imtanu'n) from the act.
Uyg. vrir ff. Bud. kazgan-, which is com- when he realized the evil consequences of it
mon, normally means 'to acquire, earn', e.g. and was put to shame (ifiadak) over it' Kaf.
k a k~a z g a n s a r 'if a father acquires (wealth)' 11 271 ( k ~ z g u t l a n u : r ,kizgut1anma:k).
PP 8, 3; ag1 b a r r m k a z g a n s a r 'if one
acqutres treasures and property' do. 12, 7; Dis. ~ Z L
a.0. do. 14, 4; y ~ g m ~ kazganmzg
$ 'collrcted
and acquired' U I 2 34, 13; aternlz kazgan- D klzll Intrans. Dev. N./A. fr. ktz-; 'red'.
rnlg t a v a r r g 'the property acquired by our S.i.a.m.1.g.; I.-w. in Pe., etc.. Doerfer I11 1481.
father' I J III 81, 13; (Kuan-gi-im Bodhisattva) Cf. 2 a:[. Tiirkti vrrr klzll k a n l m 'my red
e r t l ~ tUktigedgll
i k111nC kazganq k a z g a n u r blood'T52: vrrrff. kiz11 kaya: 'a red rock' IrkB
'acquires (i.c. performs) very many good deeds' 51 : Uyg. VIII ff. Bud. krzrt sagrzgan 'the red
Kunn. 77; a1 ~ e v i bilge
g bilig kazganc ertigti magpie' (name of a star) T T VI 95: Civ. krzll
tikug kazganmrg UFUn 'because he has o r d u l u g 'having a red palace' T T VII 13,
acquired very many (clever) devices (Hend.) 34; kizrl qindan 'red sandalwood' H 1 91;
and (much) wisdom' do. 187-8: 0. Klr. rx ff. a.o.0.: xlv Chin.-Uyg. Dict. ch'ih 'red' (Giles
( I went to the emperor of China and because 1,967) klzil Ligeti 167: Xak. X I klzll at-
of my manly virtues and toughness) kazgan- -ahmar 'red' of anything (prov., verse); Klzrl
d l m 'I acquired' (gold, silver, etc.) Mal. 11, the name of a river in KH@ar (verse) Kay. I
9 ; xaninlz y o k l a y a : ~ k a d a g l a r l g ~ zkaz- 394; I 40 (2 eg), a.o.0.: KB (in spring the
&anu:r 'your xan rises in importance, your trees adorn themselves with mauve, crimson,
kinsmen gain (wealth)' do. 25, 6 (?so read, but yellow, blue, and) klzll67; 0.0. rzo, 954, 23 1 2
the text is not reliable): Xak. X I e r tawa:r (alqf:), etc.: xrrr(?) At. 26 (2 en); Tef. k1zd
k a z g a n d ~ :'the man acquired (kasnba) wealth' red 207: xrv Muh. ahmaru'l-la'r 'red-haired'
Kar. II 249 (kazganu:r. kazganma:k; k ~ z l ls a c Mel. 46, 5 ; Rif. 139; 0.0. 68, 2-6;
verse): KB (if a man takes my words for his 78, I ; 168; 181 : Gag. xv ff. fuzil (r)nnx 'red,';
companion) kUmUq k a z g a n u r 'he acquires (2) q k d r wa gadid 'manifest, intense'; (3) a
silver' 189; (the sword holds the realm and) kind of red bird'; (4) 'a kind of falcon' Sun.
bodun k a z g a n u r 'acquires people' 2714; 0.0. 296v. 9 (quotn.; followed by several phr.
. 3666, 3923: XIII(?)At. k a m u g kazganlgll beginning with hzi1): Xwar. xrrr(?) at*$
a j u n mHlinr 'after acquiring all the wealth k n r l 'as ted as fire' 0 8 . 6 ; k ~ kpr z ~'deep l red'
in the world' (he could not enjoy it) 273; do. 166: Kom. xrv 'bright red' kt211 C C I ;
Tef. kazgan-/kaQgan-/kazan- 'to acquire' Gr.: KIP. X I I I at-ahmar luzll HOU. I , 2:
(wcslth) 192-3: xrv Muh. &$fnln 'to acquire' xrv ditto; k ~ k1z11 p 01-pzdidu'l--a ?d. 7 I:
 684 D I S . C:zL
xvjita'hidi'l-!rrmtm k l p k r z ~ Kav.
l 5, 9; a!imar D 2 k ~ z l a n - lisp. Icg.; Refl. I k n . V. fr.
ktzll Tuh. 68b. 3 ; a.o.0. 2 k~:z. Xek. XI 01 bu: a t ~ gk l e f a n d ~ :'he
re,ckoned that this horse was expenstve' (gfili)
I) ktzla:k Hap. leg.; ?abbreviated Dim. f. of ~ p j 11
. 251 (followed by 1 k ~ z l a n - ) .
klztl; 'reddish'. Xak. X I Kaj. I 473 (k6t);
n.m.e. - D k ~ z l a g - Hap. leg.; Ikcip. Den. V. fr.
1 kr:z; proh. used only in tier. in -u:. Xak.
1) krzlrk Preliminary note. Krzlrk the A.N. 01 m e n l g blrle: o k attr: krzlagu: 'he had
of I k1:z 'virginity, the dtrties of a girl', etc. archery competition with me, making the
s.i.m.tn.l.g., but i s not ttotrd before KIP. xrv s t ~ k ea slave ~ i r l(wn
' cn'nla'l-xa/nr bagnand'l-
Id. 7 1 ; the A.N. of 2 kl:z srrruived until -c@riyo) KO&11 221 (krzlagu:r, k1zlagma:k).
rrcentfy in S I V Osm. but has now been displaced
by lutltk, a modern word.
D klz1a:muk Den. N. (pejorative) fr. ktzll;
D ktzllk A.N. fr. 2 k ~ i z 'costliness,
; rarity', ',~easles'. 'The -1- was elided at an early date.
and the like. Xak. XI K B 564 (2 k ~ : z ) :xrrr(?) ~ ~ ~ r v i as v eks~ z a m l kor the like in SC Uzb.;
Tef. k1z11k 'famine, scarcity' 207: Xu7ar. X I I I N W Kaz., Kumyk; SW Osm., 'Tkm.; most
klzltk 'costliness' 'Ali 48: slv ditto Qutb languages use klzrlya in this sense, but
150: Ktp. xrrr al-&7ld 'costliness' (opposite to SF?Tiirki k ~ z ~ l ( a g r r gand ~ ) ,the N E languages
'cheapness' uquzl~:k)k1z1r:k Horr. 27, 3: xrv th,e Russian I.-w. kor'. Uye. vrrrff. Civ.
k ~ z l ~al-#nlC
k (also 01-bikzra 'virginity') Id. k l z a m u k iiniip k a r l n ~Btmeser 'if a man
71 : O s m . xrv ff. klzllk 'costliness, rarity, d@velops measles and becomes constipated'
scarcity'; c.i.a.p. down to x'ivrrr T T S I 467; T T VII 22, 16: Xak. XI krz1a:muk 01-!m$ba
I1 639; I11 454; I V 520: s v ~ ~klzllg r ((I) $
, btrttir nri!l~rlrd 'nieasles and similar erup-
Gag. 'virginity'); (2) in Rtinti, girdni 'costliness, tiom" K O ~ . 1528: Gag. s v ff. k ~ z a m u k'illat-i
rarity' Sun. zy6v. 7. ( t a ~ ~ bSon.
a 296v. 4.
E kozlug in Uyg. vrrl ff. Bud. t e l i m kozlug L) klzllsrg Hap. leg.; Simulative Den. N./A.
ukmeklerig seems to he an error for kozliig, fr. klzll 'reddish'. T u r k u V I I I Toyok 15-16
a P.N./A. fr. 2 k6:z not recorded elsewhere; ( E T Y I1 58; iin-).
'many heaps of burning embers' T M I V 253,
47 (the text is damaged at this point).

D k a z ~ l - Pass. f. of kaz-; 'to be dug'. Dis. GZN

S.i.a.m.1.g. Xak. XI a r l k k a z ~ l d l :'the canal
(etc.) was dug' (hufira) Ka?. II 135 (kazllur, s lkazan See kazga:n.
kaz1lma:k): K B 6063 ( k a r ~ m ) :Gag. xv ff. s ] k a z ~ n See kadln.
k a z ~ l -(spelt) handa jtrdan 'to be dug' Son.
273r z. F k a z n a k 'treasury'; the Ar. word xositm
,,Gms to have become haznnk or the like in
D krzrl- Pass. f. of krz-; n.0.a.b.; modem s o p e Middle Iranian language, fr. which it
NE k ~ z l l -is a Sec. f. of k t s ~ l - .For meaning borrowed by Turkish. N.o.a.b., but I.-w.
cf. k ~ z g u t ,klzgur-. Xnk. sr e r y a z u k t m in Pe., ctc., Dorrfrr 111 1485; thc origirinl
k ~ z ~ l d l'the
: nian was aiven an exemplary ~ f word. was also an early I.-w. in Turkish,
punishment' (ntikiln 'ale'l-racul) and ex- tht€! first occurrence being in Xak. xrr(?) K B V P
perienced the evil consequences of his offence 13,,,51. Uyg. vrrr ff. Bud. k a z n a k k a (tran-
K ~ J11. 135 (krzrlur, klz11ma:k); a.0. zoo, 20. ,,,r~bed krzttnkka) k i r i p (a thief) 'entering the
tr.+sury' U I1 76, 2: XIV Chin.-Uyz. Dirt. k'tr
L) kaz1a:- Hap. leg.; Den. V. fr. 1 ka:z; like
'tr,easury, storehouse' (Giles 6,279) kaznak
other Den. V.s fr. the names of animals used ~ i p f 165:
i Xak. XI KB aytt a g kaznakl
~ 'he
only in the tier. in -u:, 'like a swan('s neck)'. op~ened the treasury' (and distributed alms)
Xak. xr ivrlk b a ~ r : kazlayu: 'the ewer Io'34; (if a skilled Secretary watches the
(Pe. I.-w.) with its neck vertical (muntasib) like in&omings and outgoings) k a z n a k t o l u r 'the
a suan's' Kaj. I loo, 6; n.m.e. tr&asury fills' 5913: xrrl(?) Tef. kadnak(k)a
1) kazlln- Hap. leg.; Refl. f. of kazll-, and ( s i ~kirgil
) I 92.
practically syn. w. it. Xak. xr y6:r kazllndl: D k a z ~ u kSee kazguk.
'the was broken up (inxaraqal, MS.?
inhnznqat) and holes (htrfar) formed in it' Kas. Dls. V. GZN-
II 251 (kazltnu:r, kazl1nma:k).
D kazln- Refl. f. of kaz-; s.i.s.m.l., usuallf
D 1 ktzlan- Refl. Den. V. fr. 1 k ~ : z ;survives as a Pass. Xak. XI (01) o z i g e k u d u g kazlndt;
in S\Ir Osm. for 'to be shy, modest, delicate made it his business to dig (hafr) a well for
like a girl'. Xak. xr 01 an1: klzlandl: taban- h i ~ s e l f ' ,also for 'to pretend (to dig)' K a p II
ndlta' ay itta.radahd bint 'he adopted her' Kaf. 5 (kazlnu:r, kaz1nma:k).
I1 251 (k~zlanu:r, klz1anma:k); same phr.
translated 'he reckoned the girl as one of his v[U(D) kozan- (koza:n-) Hap. leg.; no
daughters' III198, 14. o b l ~ i etymology,
~~s prob. a mere jingle with
 DIS.
bezen-. Xak. XI ura:gut bezendl: kozandr: fall into three classes; ( I ) there is a N./A. (ism)
'the woman adorned and ornamented herself' and the verb is compounded (rukiba) from
(tahorracat . . . w a fazayyanat) Kay. 11 155 it, e.g. to:n klzardl: "the garment was red"
(koza:nur, kozanma:k). (ahmarra), the origin is klzll erdi: taro ahmar,
the lEm and homza were elided, and it became
I'ris. GZN a genuine (mahd) verb' II 163, 14: Gag. xv ff.
k ~ z a r -surx judan 'to be, or become, red' Son.
D k a z ~ n d l :Pass. Dev. N./A. fr. k a z ~ n ;- sur- 295v. 15 (quotns.): Xwar. X I V ditto Qutb 149:
vives with same meaning in SW Osm. Xak. Kom. X I V 'to glow with heat' k ~ z a r -C C G ;
XI kazlndr: topm:k nabi!atu7l-ttrrZb 'soil that
Gr.: Krp. xlv klzar- ihmarra Id. 71 : xv ditto
has been dug out and heaped up' Kai. 1 449. Kav. 5, 13; hammara ktzar- Tuh. 13b. 5 ;
PUD kazrgku: Hap. leg.; this word shares a.o.0.
a separate section with karaggu: and final D k ~ z a r t - Caus. f. of klzar-; s.i.a.m.!.g.
-Bu: might have been expected; if so, Dev. Uyg. V I I I ff. Bud. (the lords of hell beatlng
N./A. fr. kazln-, but the semantic connection them) klzartm19 t[emir]lig bergen 'with
is nebulous. Xak. X I yrp kazlgku: boldr: red hot iron rods' T T I V , p. 18, note R 7, 7:
'the string was knotted (in'aqada) and very Xak. XI 01 krzarttl: ne:gni: hammara'l-jay'
much tanglcd' (iltawd) so that it could not be 'he made the thing red' Kag. I11 431 (krzar-
disentangled (yanfarih) Kaf. 111 388. t u r , k1zartma:k): KB (when the rulers are
not wicked) isiz 01 elde sevinqin klzarlmaz
megiz 'they do not make the wicked man's
D klzrak Comparative f. in - r a k of 2 k1:z; face glow with pleasure in that realm' (or 'the
n.0.a.b. Xak. XI KB tirigllkte klzrak wicked marl does not make his own face glow
bUtUn qln kigi 'one who is the rarest of liv- . . .') 892; 0.0. 1287, 2185, 2384: Gag. xv ff.
ing creaturcs, an honest, upright man' 1724: krzart- (spelt) mrx kardan 'to make red' Son.
XIII(?)At. 444 (2 kr:~). 2 9 5 ~ 27
. (cluotn.): X w a r . x ~ ditto
v Qutb 149.

Dis. V. BZq-
D krzar- 'to be, or become, red'; obviously D kazlg- Co-op. f. of kaz-; s.i.s.m.l. Xak. xr
connected w, klz-; prob. Intrans. Den. V. fr. 01 maga: y6:r kaz~gdr:'he helped me to dig
a homophonous N. * k ~ zdifferent fr. 1 and (fi hafr) the ground' (or something else); also
2 krz. S.i.a.m.l.g. Xak. XI krzardl: ne:g 'the for competing Kaj. II loo (kazrgu:r, kazrg-
thing was, or became, red' (ihmarra) Kag. I1 77 ma:k): Gag. xv ff. kazlg- (spelt) bd-ham
(klzarur, krzarma:k); 'verbs ending in -r- kandan 'to dig together' San. 273r. z .
 I N I T I A L POST-PA, L A T A L P L O S I V E S
Preliminary note. As pointed out in Studies, with the Poss. Suff. -1: kibi: (gibi:) came to be
pp. 131, etc. there irgood evidence that, although used as a Postposition meaning 'like'. As a N.
in Tiirkii there was only one, unvoiced, Post- n.o.a.h., hut the Postposition survives in SW
palafal inifiol, and the position was prob. the Az. kirnl; Ostn. glbl and in sonie other lan-
guages in altered forms like NW Kaz. kebekl
same in Uyt. and Xak., in an earlier stage of ktik (?for klbi Sk). Cf. sa:n. Uyg. vrrr ff.
the langrrage both voiced and unvoiced Post- Bud. (later teachers must realise that you are)
palaral initials exitfed. Ii'here such evidence yal) k i b y a l ~ u k l a r d aiistUnki kigi 'supreme
exists regarding a particular word, (g-) is added among men who are models and examples'
after the heading. Hiien-1s. Z I I O - 1 1 : Xak. X I ki:b 'a mould'
(qiilib) for anything; one says kerpiq ki:bl:
hfon. G E a brick mould' Kaf. III 119 (and see 0Ru.z):
~ I I I ( ?Trf.
) kkii (Bor. kehi) 'like' 168; big1
*ke: (8-) 'back, behind', and the like; not noted like' roo: Gag. xv ff. kibi an Adv. of Com-
in the unsuffixed form hut see kb:din, k&n, parison meaning 'like, resembling' (mill wa
k4:ru:. mdnand) placed after words Son. 31 I v. I
kU: 'rumour; fame, reputation', and the like. (quotn.); bigin mdttotrci do. 148r l o (one Gag.,
Fairly common down to XI both by itself and one Rrinri quotn.): O g u z XI ki:b 'likeness,
in Hend., but survives only in NC Klr. ktk; resemblance' (al-mill tva'l-jibh); hence one
syn. w. ca:v, q.v. The theery in TT X, p. 29, says bu: e r an19 ki:bi: 'this man is like him'
note 440 that this is a I.-w. fr. Chinese hao Kaz. III 119 (but y a g m u r kibi: 'like rain'
'mark, designation; to call out' (Giles 3,884; 1272, 18; kuglar kibi: 'like birds' 1483, 22;
Middle Chinese yatr) is unconvincing. T u r k i i ~t kibi: 'like a dog' 11123, z; k o r u m kibl:
vrlr tagra: yorryu:r teyen k u egidip 'hearing 'like boulders' 11161, zo are all in Xak. verses):
the rumour that he had marched out' I E 12; Xwar. xrlr kibi (?gibl) and once bigin 'like'
(because he fought so much against the Chinese Ali 47: xrv kibi Qutb 97; kibin MN 167;
and displayed toughness and manly virtues) bigin do. 345: Kom. xrv kibi 'like' CCI,
kii: bunca: t u t d ~ :'he acquired so great a CCG; Gr. 142 (quotns.): KIP. X I V k i b
reputation' Ix. 12; 0.0. I E 25, I1 E zr ( ? ; text keh) 01-qdib; kibl: mifI Id. 78; l~arfu'l-
(1 a:t); II E ZZ,36: Uyg. rx kiim soru:gum -tqbilr 'Adr. of cornpsrison' gibi: (sic) Buj.
'my fameand reputation' Suci4: vrrr ff. Man.-A 16, 2: xv in a note on comparisons in Turkish
kiisin 'his reputation' h i I 21, I (ii); a.0. do. it is said that there is no !rarf for this purpose
26, 27-8 (1 a:t): Bud. 01 e d g u kil a t t a r t but N.s likc kibi:/kibik are used Kav. 28, 9;
bulugda y n d r l t ~ 'that ~ o o dreputation was a.o. do. 25, I ; qiilib k e b (sic) Tuh. zgb. 3;
spread in all quarters of the world' P P 7, 1-2; :in/ rcn'l-nriqir cua'l-mi!! 'sort, kind, likeness'
0.0. Hiien-ts. 156 (kelig), etc.: Civ. at19 k i i ~ ( t e and)~ kibi Ttrh. 22a. 13; 'the indicators
TT I 43 ; I 56: X a k , XI kii: a/-fit bayna'l-nlir of comparison ('alZn~atic'l-tajhih) are (ogar,
'fame among the people'; henceone says kii:liI$ T k m . oxgar, m e n z e r , teg and) klbi for
bilge: 'a famous sage' Koj. 111212: KB k u s i what is near (li'l-qarih) and kibik for what is
qav1 'his fame and reputation' 87, 102, 458, distant (01-ba'id) do. 8ga. I 1-13: O s m . xrv ff.
1711, etc. bigi 'like'; very common down to xvr T T S
1 9 6 ; 11138; III 90; I V I O I ; gibi is not listed
Mon. V. GE- in Tl'S.
V U ku:- pec. to Uyjy. and used only in Hend. 1 k8p originally 'abundant, luxuriant', and the
w. kozed-, usually in the phr. kiiyii k8zepii
tut- 'to protect and keep', hut apparently like. S.i.a.m.1.g. except SW for 'much, a great
the basis of 3 ku:g, q.v. Uyg. V I I I ~Man. ~. deal, many'. Although listed in Red. it became
kop a d a tudadrn y a r l n keqe kilyil kgzedii obsolete in Osm. in about xvl, and is described
t u t r n a k l a r ~bolzun 'may they he protected by Sami as CaH. Uyg. VIII ff. Man. (in the
and kept from all dangers (Hend.) early and spring kil$lug
the trees become) s e m i z B ~ l i i gyagllg
k o p bediik 'swelling, colourful, full
late' M I11 36, 4-6 (iii) ( I 3 r 4-6 (i)); a.0. T T
I X 55: Bud. kiiyii kozedil, usually w. t u t - of sap and vigour, luxuriant and large' Wind.
is common U I V 36, 81-3 (aqln-); 0.0. Suv. r19-20: Civ. u r u b u m u z k 8 p bolt1 an10
e g S k baglarnro k8pi k a l t ~'our taxes (Ar.
192, 20; 401, 8; 448, 5; 562, 7: USp. 60, rb.,
6-7; 106, 14; oz etljzin kllrnek k6zedmek rub' 'quarter (share)') have become heavy, and
'to protect (Hend.) his own body' Tif. Soa 1-2. like this most of the gardens have come to
a standstill' (USp. 22, 49 ff. as revised in)
Rahmeti (Arat), Ujgurca yazrlar amnnda,
Mon. GB Istanbul, 1957, lines 56 ff.: Xak. xr k 8 p ne:D
ki:b (g-) originally 'mould, model' in a con- 'anything luxuriant and abundant'; hence one
crete sense, in OEuz it early acquired the says k 8 p s a q 'thick (ca_tal) hair'; (in a prov.)
metaph. meaning 'likeness, resemblance', and k 8 p s6giItke: kug kona:r 'the bird alights
 GBC
on the willow-tree with luxuriant branches' kibe: pec. to #Ka$. Opuz. XI kibe: al-nadra
(al-multaffati'l-a&Zn) Kay. I 319; a.0. 11328, mina'l-ayyem a short period of time, a few
17 (tergek): KB (all this work) bag a g r i g days'; hence one says kibe: boldi: madat
k 6 p 01 'is a severe headache' 421; b u beglik burha mina'l-zamlin 'a (short) period of time
l g i ~ tea k i k 6 p k i l ~ n'make yourself ahundant- passed' Kaj. I11 217; a.0. do. (blite:).
(ly helpful) in theaffainof this government also'
430; k 6 p a l t u n kiimUg 'quantities of gold D kibi: See ki:b.
and silver' 1564a. (spurious verse): xlrr(?) At. ktipe: originally 'a small metal ring'; hence, by
Postscript k 6 p Blni k6rilrbiz 'we see many itself 'an earring' and in the phr. kiipe: y a r ~ k
people' 51 I ; Tef. k 6 p mmHi 'abundant wealth' one of the 'rings' making up chain-mail. An
185: Gag. xv ff. k o p ('with -p') ~ o k'much, early 1.-w. in Mong. (and thence Pe.) as kiihe,
many' Vel. 326; k 6 p (spelt) bisydr ditto San. see Doerfer 1 346. Survives in NE $or kiibe
302r. 21 (quotn.): Xwar. X I I I k6p 'many' a ring in harness'; N C Tara, Tob.; NW Kar.
Ali 49: xrrr(?) ditto, common in O$., 20, L. kiibe 'chain-mail' R U 1517; SW Osrn.
etc.: xrv ditto Qutb loo; M N 34, etc.; Nahc. kiipe 'earring'. Tiirkii vrri ff. Miran A.8
33 11: Klp. xrrr al-katir 'abundant, much' ( E T Y 11 64; y a n k ) : Xak. XI kiipe: al-qurt
k i p (also iikiig; Tkm. te:Hm, bo:l (MS. 'earring'; kiipe: y a r i k al-dir' mina'l-hadid 'an
s o : l ) ) : xrv k 6 p ('with -p') a[-ka~ir;bu: kop- iron coat of mail' Kaj. III 217; a.0. III 15
t i i r hddZ katir; also q o k t u r ('with q-). (yarik): X I V Muh. (after a[-cawpan ya:nk) al-
iikiigtii; and delimdiir all hdda kalir Id. 78: -zaradiya 'a coat of mail' kii:pe: (-b-) ya:rik
xv kalir kop(/gok/xayil, sic) Tuh. 3 o b 3; Rif. 173 (only); against halqatu'l-tidn 'earring'
ka!ura (gok bol-/)k6p bol- do. jrb. 3: O s m . 1:sIrga: (not an ancient word) one MS. has
XIV to xvr k 6 p 'many, much' in several texts kiipe: in the margin Mel. 53, 9: (Gag. xv ff.
T T S I 4 g o ; 11658. k o b e 'fringe, edging' in San. 302v. 6 is a
2 k 8 p Reduplicating Prefix see k ~ k . Mong. 1.-w.; kUhe the Mnng. form occurs in
the Ca& translation of the Muqaddimatu'l-
kiip (kii:p) 'an earthenware jar or jug'. There -Adab, see Doerfer, op. cit.): K o m . xrv 'a coat
seems to be good evidence both for -ti- and of mail' kiibe C C I ; Gr.: Kip. xrrr (under
-p. Survives only(?) in SW Az. kiipe; Osrn. 'military equipment') al-zaradiya kiipe: (-6-)
kilp. TUrkil vr11 ff. iki: kiip begni: 'two jars Hou. 13, 15; (under 'clothing') al-halaq wa'l-
of beer' Tun. I V 10 (ETY IIg6): Uyg. vrrr ff. -a@f 'rings, earrings' kiipe: (-b-) (/ig~rga:k)
Civ. y a r l m ktip b o r 'half a jar of wine' USp. do. 18, I : XIV k u p e (-b-) al-qur! ji'l-udn also
32, 1 I ; b i r kiip k i i ~ box-
i 'one jar of Kucha used for liydbu'l-harb 'battle clothing' Id. 78:
wine' do. 35, 5 (third word uncertain, but cer- xv al-znradiya kiipe (-b-) Tuh. 18a. 5 : O s m .
tainly not 'strong' as R. suggests): Xak. XI xvrn kiipe ('with -p-') in RQmi gywc?ro 'ear-
kikb (or kikp ?)al-dann 'earthenware jar' Kap. ring' San. 302V. 8.
III 119; I 154 (aqrt-); III 253 ( a m - ) ; 325
(qif1:la:-) and three 0.0. all spel: kiip and Dis. V. GBE-
translated al-dann or al-hubb large jar':
Muh.(?) (under 'wine merchants' equipment') kebi:- 'to become more or less dry, to dry
al-xn'biya 'a large jar' kU:b Rif. 162 (only): partially' (Intrans.); usually of clothing(?).
T k m . xrrr al-xribiya rua huwa'l-zir (same Survives as keb-, kep-, and the like in S E
meaning) kiip (-b) Hou. 17, 5: KIP.(?) xrv Tiirki, N C Kzx. and some N W languages.
kiip ('with -pP) al-zir fd. 78: xv zir kiip (-bj Xak. XI to:n kebi:di: caffa a'cili'l-~awb
Tuh. 18a. 8. mina'l-bola1 wa gayrihi ba'da'l-cafdf 'the sur-
face of the garment dried from the moisture
Mon. V. GB- (etc.) partially' Kap. III 257 (kebi:r, kebi:-
kev- (g-) 'to chew', with some extended me:k).
meanings; survives only(?) in S W Osrn.
gev-. Xak. xr e r s6:zUg kevdi: 'the man was *kfive:- See kiiven-, kuvene, k u v e : ~ .
indistinct (talaclaca) in his speech'; its origin kiibf:- 'to quilt, oversew', and the like. Sur-
is the phr. tanqu:nl: kevdi: 'he chewed (IGka) vives only(?) in N E Tob. kiibi- 'to whip,
the gobbet of meat in his mouth but did not oversew' R IZ ISrq. Xak. xr 01 to:n kiibi:di:
swallow it' (Id yabtali') Kap. 11 16 (keve:r, darmba'l-lawb tadriba(n) 'he quilted the gar-
kevme:k); kiiqi: k e v d i m acuhantu quw- ment' Kaj. IZI 257 (kiibi:r, kiibi:me:k): KIP.
watahu 'I weakened his strength' I 167, 10; xrv kiibi- darraba'l-famba'l-mtiba?!an'to quilt
kii:qin keve:r yudaWifrrhu 'it weakens him' a lined garment' fd. 78.
I11 288, 15.
k6p- 'to swell, foam, boil over'. Not noted Dis. GBC
before xrv, but see k6piik; survives in NE, SE,
and NC Klr. K o m . xrv 'to swell' kob- CCG;
kiiveq survives in sw A ~ kitvec; , osm.
giivec g a flat, shallow earthenmare cooking
Gr.: KIP. xv fZra 'to boil over' (fa?-/) k6P- pots. ~h~ exact meaning in xak. is obscure; as
c-b-1 Tub. 2%. I : O s m - xvr kap- to swell'; ~ ~ points out al-noyraki
~ is ~an error k
in one text T T S 11658. for al-nayzaki (Dozy 11631); the meaning is
. , prob. 'a curb bit'. T h e connection between the
Dis. GBE two meanings is obscure. T h e spelling with
kBbe (gebe) See k8ber-. -w-in Kaj. is deliberate, since it is under the
 heading fn'nl nti~m'l-rcdrc, but cf. kuveqlig. bodics' iilrnlg kiivt6rJle:r erme:se:r (-1- 1-

The word rnay be foreign; cf. kuzeg. Xak. -cl-) 7'7' VIIl 11.26; 01 tlnllglarnrrJ kiivdrig
X I kiiweg yugii:n nl-licr7nrti'l-r1n~r"nhi(so read) etSzl uze s a c p a r 'if one makes a lihation over
'a curb hit'(?) KO!. I11 163: X w a r . X I V thc ([lead) 1,odics of thoqe mortals' U I1 44,
kuveqnlg (so spelt) a g z ~a q ~ l m l $e r d l 'the 30-40: X w a r . xrrr (I'I!) kovcle 'I~ody''Ali 55
mouth of a cooking pot was open' (and a Ktp. X I I I (arnong 'pnrrs of thr hody') ol-ctt!!a
sparrow fell in it and died) Nahc. 193, 6; 0.0. 'the trunk' (VC.:) kewtle: (unvocalized) Ifon.
28, 17; ZY,17. 21. 20.

VIJ?F kuvl] Ilap. leg.; the - j suggests that it Dls. V. GBD-

is a Sogdian I.-w. Xak. xr kuvij ('with -1')
rcnm! hfr/l gocorn bdliyn 'the interior of a rottell kcbit- 'lap. leg,; Caus.f. kebi:-.
X I y6:l to:nug kebittl: 'the wind partially
tree-, for exanlp)e a decaying willow; and or,e
says kiivij t u r m a : 'a rottell (nl-fdid) .
dried (ncolfn . . hn'dn'l-coJaJ) the garment'
(etc.) when it has lost its taste K q . 1366. K a ~I1
. 2 ~ (kebitu:r,
8 kebitme:k).

?F kevql: Hap. leg.; prob. a foreign unit of I ) knpe:d- Iiap. leg.?; Intrans. Ilen. V. fr.
weight, hut morphologically unlike Chinese. kiip. Xak. X I KU (his realm is well organized)
T h e ritl varies widely from place to place, ~ n d xazina kopedur k u t a d u r yrll 'his treasures
its value here is unknown. Xak. xr k e v ~ i : hrconle abundant, and his years are divinely
rnikyil li-Kdgdor ild Uyjrir 'a Kigiar unit of fm,ourcd' 2202.
weight' used as far as the Uygur (country); 1) kubit- flap. lep.; Cnus. f. of kiibl:-. Xak.
it contains ten rifls Knp. 1417. sr 01 to:nln kubittl: 'he gave orders for the
?F kopquk survives in NC Klr. k i i p ~ i i k (kiibitu:r,clu~lting (bi-todrill) of his garment' KUJ. I1 298
'under-saddle horse-cloth'; Kzx. and NW kubitrne:k).
Kk. kopgik 'pillow' Nog. ditto 'saddle-pad; D kevtiir- (8-) Hap. leg.; Caus. f. of kev-.
nave of a wheel'. The obvious semantic con- Xak. X I 01 a n t 9 ku:qin kevtitrdi: knllnfn
nection w. kopen, kopsun, inexplicable by man rcnknna qiizu7cntnltrr 'he made someone
Turkish morphology, suggests that all three weaken his strength' Knf. I1 195 (kevtiiriir,
are 1.-w.s. Oguz xr kopqiik 01-mifara 'under- kevturme:k).
saddle horse-cloth' Kaj. I 4 7 8
1)is. G B G
Tris. GBC
kepek properly 'bran'; nletaph. 'scurf, dan-
I) kiiveglig Hap. l e ~ . ;P.N./A. fr, k l i v e ~ . druff'. S.i.a.m.I.p. with nunr)r phonetic
Xak. xl kuveqlih? kiiri:me:s al-licdm id5 L . - ~in. I'e., Uopr/cr 111 16,s.
kcinn nnyzoki (sic) fn-inrm'l-farm I< ~ncnln!l ~ f kavlk.
, x a k . X I kepek al-rIlt.ydln'branp:
I: v*nrrtmlr'when the hit is s curb(?) the horse kepek ,,jn,--: tserd kepek
docs not'run away or kick' fi~. 111 256, 4; t,t~l-rn's'scurf'KoS. I 3 y o ; 0.0. I1 3 r o ( q ~ l a t - ) ;
n.m.e. I11 93 (yklpir-): tor (y&lpl$-): X I V 441th. al-
Dls. GBD -nit,yciln kepek 11del. 64, 7 (so spclt); Rif. 163:
keblt I ,-%v.as Krbid in M ( , ~ , ~ , , K o m . srv 'bran' C C I ; Gr.. KIP. srv
see N, poppe, Tlte I\follgo[inn &fonrrme,ltsit, kepek ( - b - ) al-n'irfiln Id. 7'; "". ', xv
IrP'ngs-pa Script, Uriesbaden, 1957, p. 125, but ditto Kuu' 63, I+; "lrh' 36b' 3'
t

I
not later. Survives in NE Tob. k i b f t ; NlV
Kar. keblt; Kaz. kibet R I1 1197, 14oo91416; ~
vu kevig flap. Irp.; not to he connected, as
lsuRp ~~ s t ~
wit11
[d 'Gag'.
~ kevek
~ 'empty,
! most modern languages use 1.-w.s, generally hollow' R 11 r201, which is the Pe. word
Pe. d~rhdn,~ for 'shop'. X I V Chin.-Ux?. Dirt. hdPcalr by J3sbur. Xak. .ur kevig ("5'
j p'tr mien shop' (Gilt-s 9,493 7,886) kebit unvocalized) 'with -g' grmdrrifn'l-anf 'the car-
Ligcti 171: Xak. XI kebit ol-hdnfit 'a shop' tilage (?septum) of the nose' KO?. 1391.
KO?. 1 3 5 7 : K B kebit k e g bezedim 'I have
ornamented my shop well' 5108: XIII(?) Tef. S ? kkvuk See 2 kiivuk.
kebiit 'shop' 168: Xwar. x ~ dittov Nahc. 267,
4: Kom. xrv ditto C C I ; Gr. kobek ( 9 - )'navel'; a purely Western (?Oguz)
word, not noted before X I I I but prob. older.
?F kovdiil) (g-) 'the trunk, that is the human survives on{y(?) in SW Az. k o b e k ; Osm.
body without its extremities', and, in the early giibek; Tkln. gii:bek. Cf. klndik. xrv Mrth.
period, more particularly 'a dead body'. Sur- o~-sllrm'navel' k6be:k Me/. 47, 15 (tnis-spelt
vives in NC Klr. ko:d6n and in distorted k,jte:l); if. 141: Gag. xv ff. giibek (spelt)
form in NC Kzx. kewde; SW Uzb. g a v d a ; . :f ifnave]' San. Jozr. 27: T k m . xrrr al-srtrra
NW Kk. gewdelkewde; Kaz. gewde; Nap. gii:bek (KIP. klndik) Horr. 21, z : s ~ kiibek v
kevde; SW Az. kovde; Osm. gBvde and nl-stirra Id. 78: O s m . xvff. g6bek often
( perhaps Tkm. govre. There is an obvious noted ill phr. T T S 1 313; 11440; III 301;
semantic connection with k h r e , inexplicable I V 345.
by Turkish etymology, which suggests that
both are I.-W.S. The evidence for g- is un- 11 kii:blg (sic under fd'il) llap. leg.; Dev. N.
usually strong. Uyg. vrrr ff. Bud. Sanskrit fr. kiibi:-. k a k . ur kii:bla mdribrt'l-tnwh
rrparotdni kndepariini (for knlmardni) 'dead 'quilting s garment' Kng. 1408.
 DIS. GBN 689
1) kopiik Intrans. Dev. N. (Conc. N.) fr. D kopliig Hap. lep.; dubious, if genuine,
k6p-; 'froth, foam', and the like. S.i.a.m.1.g. P.N./A. fr. k 6 p ; 'abundant'. 'I'he A.N. k6p-
w. minor phonetic changes; S W Az., Osm., liik is well authenticated. Uyg. vrrl ff. Man.
'Ikm. kdpiik. I,.-w. in Pe., etc., Lloerfpr 111 TT 17Y85 (2 agu:): (Xak. XIII(?)Tef. k6p-
1656. 'Wrkil vrrr ff. ( I am a camel stallion) liik 'abundance' 185: Xwar. xrv a l a r n ~ ~
ilriig k6pif:kii:mi:n s a q a r m e n 'I scatter my kopliikindin tepredi y 4 r 'the earth shook
white froth' IrkB 20: Uyg. V I I I ff. Civ. (scatter hecause they (the army) were so numerous'
( pepper on the liver of a black goat, plunge it Dufb rw).
in't'he fire and) kepikin a l l p 'take ihe froth
from it' H 1 35; a.0. 1I 12, 103: Xak. XI VU(D) kilvliik Hap. leg.; prima facie a Den.
k6piik zabadu'l-md' 'foam on water': kopiik N. in -1iik or a Dev. N. in -Uk but with no
!rrfdbatu'i-qidr 'froth on a cooking pot' Kaj. obvious etymology. Xak. XI kiivliik 'a lump
1390; a.0. 111 135 (k6:l): G a b xv ff. knpiik (btmdt~qa)of mud used as a missile' (yurm-
('with -p-') 'the foam (hofi) which appears on bilti) either after being dried or before it Kaj.
the surface of water or oil': in Ar. zabad Sun. 1479.
702v. 4 : war. X I V kopiik 'foam' Quth loo: Dis. V. GBL-
. kUp8k ('with--p-') al-ra&w 'foam'
K ~ J XIV D kevll- (9-) Pass. f. of kev-; n.0.a.b. Uyg.
Id. 78; BNI. 8, 11 (misvocalized Kopek): xv v,I1 fl. 13ud, kiiCim kiisiinim kevilii tiiketti
ditto Tlrlr. 17a. 2. 'mv qtrenrth (Hend.) has been comoletelv
vu 1 kfiviik n.o.a.h.; (VU) mii:9 is vigil; un&rrnined' Ijii~n-ts.'zo7r-z; a.0. SU;. 586,
21: X a k . xr e r kii:qi: kevildl: 'the man's
this word is so described i n 1, but not 111,
1 Gig11 X I kiiviik mii:? al-daywun 'a ton, strength was weakened' (da'ufat) Kar. 11 137
Kay. I 391 ; ktiwiik mii:g al-paywan 111 165. (verse; no Aor. or Infin.); 0.0. I 397, 8 ; 11
12. 14 (same verse): KIP. xrv kewiil- harima
VU 2 kiiviik (7kiiwiikl 'straw': n.0.a.b.: '&be: br become, decrepit' fd. 86.
except in Kay. the first vowel is -e- {as in ~ a y :
this word follows 1 kiiviik the -ii- can hardly D kiibiil- (kiibil-) Hap. leg.; Pass. f. of
be an error for -e- but might be an error for kiibi:-, pcrhaps misvocalized in MS. Xak.
- 6 - ; cf. s a m a n . O g u z xr kiiwiik al-tibn st a n l p to:nl: kiibiildi: 'his garment was
'straw' Kay. 111 165: x ~ v&Iuh.(?) a/-iibn quilted' (durriba . . . tadriba(n)) Kaj. 11 IZO
ke:wiik (wow unvocalizedl Rif. 181 (only): (kiibiilur, kiibii1me:k).
KIP. xrrl' al-tibn k e w u k (unGocalized; also
ga1a:m (Russian soloma); T k m . sa:ma:n) T r i s . GBL
Hori. 9, 14: X I V kewiik al-tibn fd. 86; Bul. 7, 2. ?F kepe:li: ' b ~ t t e r f l ~ except
'; in some NE.
languages which use Anng. I.-w.s, the standard
D kevge:k (8-) Hap. leg.; Dev. N./A. (con- word for 'butterfly' in all Turkish languages,
noting Habitual Action) fr. kev-. Xak. xr but in such a wide range of forms as to suggest
kevge:k (MS. hejke:k) 01-alya~u'lla~i yulaclic that it is a I.-w. Survives as NE Alt., Leh.,
hi-kalamilti 'a stammerer who is ind~stinctin Tel. kiSb61ok R I1 1317: SE Tiirki k4pilek
his speech' Kaf. I1 289. BS 523; k&pile/k4pi:leJarring 170: N C Klr.
D kevgin (g-) IIap. leg.; Pass. Dev. N./A. kopolok; KZX.kobelek: SC Uzb. kapalak:
fr. kev-; Itt. 'which is, or has to be, thoroilghly N W Kk. giibelek; Kaz. kiibelek; Kumyk
chewed'. Xak. X I kevgln ag !a'dm gayr neci' giimelek/gobelek; Nog. kiipelek: SW Az.
'indigestible food', opposite to ~ I v g i n , wa kepenek; Osm. kelebek; 'I'km. kebelek.
knddika'l-nabt 'also a plant' Kaj. 1443. Xak. XI kepe:li: al-fardfatu'llati ya!ir 'butter-
fly' Kaj. 1448: xrrr(?) Tef. kebelek 'butterfly'
168: xrv Muh. al-fir4 ke1e:bek Afel. 74, 8;
T r i s . GBG Rif. 177 (Ar. corrupt): Gag. xv ff. gapeleg
D kepeklig P.N./A. fr. kepek; survives in (so spelt) kelebek Vel. 362 (verse); kBpeIek (so
S W Az., Osm. kepekli (of flour) 'mixed with spelt) 'an animal like a moth (parwana) but
!ran'. Xak. X I (after kepekllk) and with -g bigger, with coloured wings, found in gardens'
an owner (of bran)'. Kay. I 508. San.
-C-G- 302r. 28 (quotn.): Kom. xrv kabelek
I C ;G.-Y .
D kepeklik Hap. leg.; A.N. (Conc. N.) fr.
kepek. Xak. xr kepeklik 'a place where bran Dis. GBN
(a/-nrtxcila) is produced' Kaj. Igo8. F kebin See k a b ~ n .
?F k6ben (?kopen) prob. a I.-w., see k8p-
t
Dis. GBL s u k ; survives in NI.: Leb. Sag. k6bon 'feather
kevel pec. to Xak. Xak. xr kevel a t a[- bed' R 111316; Khak. k6be: 'the lining of the
-faranc'l-rriyi'u'l-cawad'a well-bred fast horse' skirt of a garment'; SW Az. k6Pe 'a felt ~ g '
Kuy. 1395; 8.0. I1 133, 13: K13 5369 (biiktel), R II r f r g Oguz X I k8ben a saddle-pad
5803 (1 arkun). (Fils) for a camel; and a pack-saddle (al-
-barda'n) or similar rqulpment for a pack-
F ke:vli: Hap. leg.; no doubt a I.-w., prob. animal3 K~ I ~ ~ ~ ,
Iranian (see qo:vls:). Gancfiki XI ke:vll:
fiihatu'l-nahr 'the mouth of a canal' (or river) D k i i v e n ~(g-) Dev. N. fr. kiiven-, q.v. for
Kay. 111442. the development of nieanlng. N.0.a.b. Uyg.
 DIS. G B N
~ I I ff.
I Bud. Sanpkrit icchd mdnaica uardhante kiivenqlig k ~ l i n q la r t u k ktiqliig e r i p 'his
'their denires and pride increase' kllsflqlerl ignorant, proud deed* beinp extremely strong'
ktlvencleri yerne: iikliyiir T T VIII E.2; T T VI 72 (the loop of the - I - was inad-
(in a list of vices) kiivenq 'pride' IJ 1176, 14; vertently onlitred and the wnrd is tranncrihed
86, 32: Xak. X I K B kiivenq is fairly common kiiuenp-9): Xnk. xr K B kiivenqllg tlrlgltk
and is a virtue rather than a vice, 'legitimate kBtUrdi Bzln 'happy, self-confident life has
pride, self-respect', and the like, 95, 123 taken itself off' 1073.
( a v l n ~ ) 937,
, 1038, 1424 (udln-), etc.: Gag.
xv ff. gtivenc (spelt) nizly wa mufcixira Dls. GBR
'boasting, arrogance' Sun. glor. 29 (quotn.):
Xwar. xlv kiivenc 'legitimate pride, joy' V U ?F kiivre: (?g-) listed under -R- but
Qtlrb 104; MN 65: KIP. x ~ vkiiwenq (a small obviously connected semantically with k6v-
dcil below the kdf perhaps indicates g - ) al- dog, which sungests that both are I.-w.s. Sur-
-faroh 'joy, cheerfulness' Id. 86: Osm. xrv to vives in SW 'I'km. g6vre (see k6vdSg). Xak.
svr giivenq 'joy, pleasure'(?) T T S 11 480; xr kovre: 'the body (gahac, MS. in error p y x )
I11 3 2 8 of any animal when it has died and the internal
organs have disappeared, and the dried flesh
DIs. V. GBN- remains on the bones' Kay. 1422.
D kuven- (g-) Refl. f. of *kiive- originally,
in a pejorative sense 'to be proud, arrogant', D kevrek (g-) Dev. N.IA. fr. kevre:-; sur-
a meaning still surviving in sorne languages; Fves in N E Khak. k l b r e k ; S\V Osm. gevrek
later in a laudatory sense 'to have legitimate friahlc, fragile'. Xak. XI kevrek ne:g 'any
pride, enjoy self-respect'; thence 'to be glad, fragile (rixru) sort of tree like the castor oil
rejoice'. I n the last sense survives, with a plant, Ricintrr comtrnis (al-xarwn'), etc.', Kaj.
change of vowel position, in S C Uzb. kuvon-; 1 479: KIP. xrv kewrek (?, hlS. kewriik)
NIV Kk., Kaz. kuwan-; Kumyk, Nog. al-bagsirnit 'biscuit' Id. 86; baqsintci!u'l-rrrkab
kuvan-; SW Az. kiiven- means (I) 'to be 'ship's biscuit' kewrek Bul. 8, 16: O s m . xvllr
proud, to boast'; (2) 'to rely on (someone k e w r e k (spelt) in Rlimi, !urd rua jiknnda
Dat.)'; Osm. giiven- (z), and (3) 'to be con- 'broken' San. 301 v. 13.
fident, to dare'. The evolution of (2) is obscure. VU k e v r i k Hap. leg.; the first klj/ is un-
Uya. vlrr ff. Bud. Sanskrit darpa 'pride, vocalized. X a k , X I kevrik a/-'arfac mina'l-
arrogance' kiive:nmeki T T V I I I D.30; (he -gacar 'a tree, the Vites agnus castus' (so Red.
walks) a r t u k r a k kiivenip 'very proudly' X for Osm.) Kag. 1479.
438: Xak. xr 01 men19 birle: kiivendi:
i/rasara bi 'he boasted (in competition) with D klipriig 'a bridge'; morphologically Dev.
me' Kaj. II 157 (kiivenkr, k u v e n m e k ) : N. fr. ktipiir- but with no obvious semantic
K B (thcn the world . . .) sevinlp kiivenip connection. S.i.a.rn.1.g. with minor phonetic
edige baktp 'happy and proud and looking changes. A First Period I.-w. in Mong. as
at its treasures' 81 ; (when chiels are kind to ke'iirge (Studies, p. 238); I.-~v. 111 Pe., etc.,
the people . . . the latter) kuveniir oziin 'feel Doerfer I11 1623. Uyg. V I I I ff. Man. (to those
proud of themselves' 603; kUvenme b u blinded with the glare from the wnter of pride)
k u t k a 'do not boast of this divine favour' (it k o n l n o m l u g kopriigiig korkittlgiz (sic)
comes and goes) 694; 0.0. 1332, 4090, 5212: 'you have shown the bridge of the true doc-
XIII(?)Tef. tnlr!rtdl 'cunning, deceitful' kiiven- trine' T T 111 55-6: Civ. USp. 15, z (iigdiin):
gen 187: xlv Rbg. kiiwengii n e r s e 'a thing xrv ~ h i n . - U ~ jDict.
. ch'iao 'bridge' (Giles
on which one can rely' (sic?) R 111522: Gag. 1,398) koprilg Ligeti 175: Xak. XI koprilg
xv ff. kuwan- (spelt) f a n hardan wa mubcihdt al-qanfara 'a large arched bridge' Kas. 1 4 7 8 :
kardan 'to be proud, to boast' San. 291v. I xrrr(?) Tef. k6prii 'bridge' 185: X I V Mtth. al-
(quotns.); giiwen- (spelt) the same as kuwan- -qanfara ko:prii: Illel. 76, 16; Rg. 180: Gag.
meaning mrtfixirat kardan 'to be proud' do. xv ff. kopriik (so spelt) ktprii Vel. 362
tror. 27: KIP. xrv kuwan-Ikuvan- 'to pe (quotn.); ditto pril 'bridge', in Ar. gnnfara
happy, pleased', etc. Qlrtb 1 4 6 7 ; kilven- to Son. 3ozr. 26 (quotn.): Xwar. xlv kBprug/
boast' Nnhc. 373, 9; 376, 9: KIP. xlv kiiven- koprti 'bridge' Qutb 100-2: K o m . X I V
(a small dZ1 below the kbf perhaps indicates 'bridge' kiiprii C C I ; Gr.: KIP. xi11 al-cisr
g - ) fariha 'to be happy, to rejoice' Id. 86: 'bridge' kopri: (-b-) Hou. 6, 9: xrv k6prii:
O s m . srv to xvr giiven- (I) 'to boast'; (2) ('with -p-') al-cisr, in T k m . al-qanfaro Id. 78;
'to rejoice at (something Dnt.)'; (3) 'to rely al-qantara ma'l-cisr kiipri: (-h-) Brrl. 4, 4: xv
on (something Dot.)'; in four texts T T S II cisr run qantara kSpri (-b-) Ttrh. I I ~ .10;
480; I V 3 7 8 qan!am ditto 28b. 10.
T r i s . GBN kiivriig 'drum'; n.0.a.b.; an early I.-w. in
D k i i v e n ~ l i g (g-) P.N./A. fr. kiivenc; Mona. as ke'iirge/hb'urg~ (flaenisch roo-5)/
n.0.a.h. Uyg. VIII ff. Man. (to those blinded k6rxe (Sttrdies, p. 239); this later became keg-
hy the glare from) kiivenclig s u v 'the water gerge ( K o ~ L2447;
'. Haltod 181). 'l'he earlier
of pride' T T 111 55: Bud. Sanskrit dypta fomi was reborrowed in Gag., see below, and
'proud, arrogant' kiivenqlig TT V I I I D.27; the later in NE Tuv. Cf. tfimriig. TilrkU V I I ~
b r a m a n l a r kiivenqllg bolurlnr 'the Brah- the word read ktivrtigsi: in II W 4 might
mans become arrogant' T T X 474; blligsiz contain this word misread, but this part of
 Dis. V. GB$- Dl#. GnZ
U kubilg- Hap. lea.; Co-op. f. of kiib1:-; IF kebe:z 'cutton seed'; prol). like b a m u k
so spelt, perhaps in error, but cf. kiibiil-. 'cotton', cl.v., a I.-w. Survivcs in S E l'iirki
Xak. xr 01 maga: to:n kubugdl: 'he helped kebezlkevez Jnrrirrg 168; NC 1<1r. kebez.
me to quilt (/i tadrib) the garment'; also used Uyg. v111If. Civ. (as I, Ray 'I'erniir, required)
for competing Kay. I1 88 (kijbiiqii:r, kiibiig- kebez t a r ~ g uy6r 'Isnd to plant cotton' USp.
me:k). 2, 2-3; 0.0. do. 70, 6 (biitgur-), etc.: Xak. xr
kebe:z zar'u'l-qrilr~ 'cotton secd' Kaj. I 29;
1) kev$e:- (g-) Den. V. fr. kevig, Dev. N. fr. (urugla:-); I 303 (uruglan-); qrr~nn'cotton
kev- which survives in S W Osm. gevig; 'I'krn. I 510 (bilikllk); n.1n.e.
gevug 'chewing the cud'; with two quite
dilfercnt meanings ( I ) 'to chew the cud' (of V U kevlz 'carpet, rug', and the like; survives,
a ruminant); (2) 'to become limp, soft', and only(?) in N E Alt, kebis N I I 1197; Khak.
the like. In the first meaning survives in (NE klbis; Tuv. xevis; the forms with rounded
Tuv. see kevpen-); SE Tijrki kiige-/k6gi- vowels are clearly See.; the original first vowel
J(irring 178: NC Klr. kepge-; Kzx. kiiyse-; was proh. -e- and the rvundcd subst~tute- 0 -
SC Uzh. kavsa-: NW Kk. giiyse-; Kaz. rather than -u-. Xak. xr kevlz ~ / - Z n ~ b i > ~ a
kiige-; 1<111nykguyge-; Nag. kiiyze-: SW 'a largc carpet' Kap. I 366 (thc first vowel is
Az. kiivpe-; 'rkln. geviipe-; (Osm. uses the pfnr/rn,not lznrra as in the printed text); kijwiiz
phr. gevip getir-); in the second only(?) in a Iargc carpet, or any rnattrcss or sofa(firdf aru
SW Osm. gevve-; 'I'km. Rovga- (and koqe- tnilrdd) woven of wool' 111 164: Kom. xlv
'to lie down, rest, be at ease'). Xak. xr tevey 'carpet' kowiiz C C I ; Gr.: KIP. s l r r nl-bisrif
o t kevge:di: 'the camel chewed (ictawa) the 'carpet' kiiwiiz (mis-spclt kCr) Hoir. 16, 21 :
forage'; and one says k u r ~ne:g kevpe:di: xrv kewiiz ditto Id. 86: s v ditto kilyiiz
'the hard thing became weak and soft'(fatara Tuh. 8a. 2.
. . . roo $ d m raxrc); hence 'good leavened D kuve:z (g-) Dev. N./A. fr. *kiive:- ; 'proud,
bread well baked and made with butter' is
called kevgek etme:k Kaj. 111287 ( k e v ~ e : r , pride' (reprehensible or justrficd, see kuven-).
kev$e:me:k): Gag. xv ff. gewge- (spelt) N.0.a.b. Uyg. vzrr ff, Bud. (in a list of Bodhi-
nir.rzc.dr hardan 'to chew the cud' San. 301 v. I : sattvas) vaclr tumgukllg keg kiivez 'with
KIP. xlv kewqe- (of a camel, sheep, etc.) a vacra bcak, open-handed(?) and (rightly)
ictnrro; one says dewe: kewger 'the camel is proud' U II 60. 2 (i); 8.0. Siiv. 619, 23: Xak.
X I k u v e : ~01-nrutahabbir 'proud' Kap. I 4 1 1 ;
chr\ving the cud' i d . 86: O s m . xv and xvr
gevqe- 'to chew the cud' and geyge- (spelt koclg~l kiivez (sic) tctruhi'l-kibr 'lay aside
grgpr-, mistranscribed grgge-) 'to be soft' and pride' I1 140, 9 ; 0.0. 1 2 5 2 . 18; 325, 3: K B
the like; in several texts 7'TS 1302-7; 11427; kiir kuvez e r d i 'he was brave and (rrghtly)
III 292; I V 338; xv111 gewse- (after Gag.) proud' 409; 0.0. 1706 (ulugslg), 2381, 4725.
and, in Rrirrri, narrrl rca srtst grrdnn 'to be soft,
gentle', etc. Sun. 301 v. I. 'his. cnz
D kebezlig Hap. leg.; P.N./A. fr. k e b e : ~ .
I) kevget- ( 9 - ) Caus. f. of kevge-; s.i.s.m.l. Xak. X I (after) kebezllk), and when it is used
in the first n~eaninaof kevge:- nnd in the as nn Adj. (rcrrsifo) one says kebezlig e r 'a man
second meaning in SW Osnl. gevget-; Tkni. who owns cotton' (quttr) Kaj. I 507.
govgat-. Xak. XI 01 kattg ne:gni: kevgetti:
'he weakened the strength (azohann'l-quwzua) D kebezlik Hap. leg.; A.N. (Conc. N.) fr.
of the hard thing' (kevvetu:r, kevgetrne:k); kebe:z. Xak. XI kebezllk a/-maq!at~a 'a cotton
and one says 01 teveysin kevgetti: 'he urged plantation' Kaj. 1507.
his camel to chew' ('al8'l-icrirar) with the same
(Aor. and) Infin. Kap. I1 338. kiivezlik (9-) Hap. leg.; A. N. fr. k u v e : ~ .
Xak. XI kUvezlik 'insolence' (01-balar) Kaf I
L) kevgen- (9-) Refl. f. of kevge:-; s.i.s.m.l., 507 (verse).
including NE Tuv. gegjen- 'to chew the cud'.
Xak. XI tevey kevgendi: 'the camel (or other T r l s . V. G R Z -
anirnal) chewed the cud' (irlarra) Kaf. 11 252 D kiivezlen- (g-) Refl. Den. V. fr. k i i v e : ~ pec.
;
(kevgenii:r, kevgenme:k); 0.0. 255, 16; to KR. Xak. X I K B (if fortune smiles on you)
256, 20: Klp. xv ictnrra kevgen- Ti~h.6b. 10. kiivezlenmegll 'do not get proud' 1330; a.o.
5211.
I) kevgep- (g-) Co-op. f. of kevge-; survives Mon. G C
in St\: 'Tkm. govpag- 'to begin to grow weak',
and the like, kogeg- 'to rest, lie down together', kC:g (g6:c) 'late, lateness', and the like;
and the like. Xak. XI tevey o t kevgegdi: homophonous w. 2 k&:q-, q.v. S.i.a.m.l.g.;
'sotne of the caniels chewed (the forage, S W Az. kPc; Osrn. Re$; l'km. g i : ~ . UyR.
irtorm) in the sight (hi-ra'yo) of the others' VIII ff. Bud. (months and years have passed
KO$. I1 35 I ( k e v g e ~ i k r kevgepme:k).
, and) iir k 6 bold1
~ 'a long time has elapsed'
Huen-is. 25 ; 0.0. do. 1990 (abamulug), 2040;
Dis. V. GBY-
PP 62, I (8glen-); U I11 82, 14: Civ. TT
V I I 27, 16 (umay): Xak. XI k 6 : ~at-bill'
PUS kiifyen- See (kuyfen-1)kuymen-. 'lateness, delay'; hence one says kC:q keldl:
 V. G C -
nhln'afi'l-!rrrd~ir 'he was slow in coming' Knj. (prov.); hence at-pdlim 'the violent, oppressive
ZZZ 1 2 1 ; a l l m k&q kalsa: 'if a debt remains man' is called kUqemql:, and a/-qaruzci 'strong'
(unpaid) for a long time' (znmdn fnwil) 1294, I : ku:qlug KO$. ZII 120; about 20 o.o., nearly
K B (when you go to bed at night) kdq y a t half spelt kiiq, usually before Suffs.; Kiiq
co late' (and get up early) 1506; 0.0. 556 T d g l n P.N. 1 4 1 3 , 27: KB kiiq 'strength' is
( m a : - ) , 1553 (uzu:~], 1585: xr~r(?)Tpf. kkeq common, e.g. yigitlik kii$l 'the strength of
'late' 177: F a g . xv ff. g t q (spelt) qurGn youth' 362; 0.0. 247 (iiziil-), 380, 600, 656,
ns~atndnn soyro pCc rcaqt the late evening' etc.-kiiq kllgan 'a violent, oppressive (man)'
Vrl. 355 (quotns.); keg air wn dir tcnqt 'slow, 848: x ~ r rAt. kug e m g e k t e g i i r m e kiqike
late; a long time' Snn. 312r. 29; k 6 qurCln~ 'do not inflict violence or pain on people' 331 :
'eveninc' (roaqf-i grim) and 'a long timc' 31zv. Tef. kuq 'strength; violence, oppression' 190:
4 (cluotns.): Kom. xrv 'late' keqlkeqe L'CZ; xrv Mrrh. al-q~truzcagu:q Mel. 52, 3 ; Ri/. 148
Gr.: KIP. xv bwf' keqrek Tuh. 7a. 8; amsd 'to (kii:c): Gag. xv ff. kiiq (with k-) ( I ) zrir
he evening' keg (sic) boi- do. 67a. l o ; a.o.0. strength, violence'; (2) hdr u bdr %a mi~himm
'business, important affairs'; in this sense it
1 koq (g-) 'migration' and the like; homo- cannot be used by itself, hut only in the IIend.
phonous w. knq-, q . v S.i.a.m.1.g.; S W Osm., ig kiiq Snn. 3 0 3 ~ .ro (quotn.); a.o. 1 0 6 ~ .17
'i'ktn. gBq. I,.-w. in Pe.,etc., Docrf~r111 1660. (1 kg): X w a r . xrv kiiq 'strength; force.
( U y e . vlrr ff. Civ. see 2 kKq): Xak. xr koq violence' Qutb 105; M N 39; Nnhc. 196, 17;
01-zn'tz rua'l-irtil~dl 'migration, emigration'; 390. 1-2: K o m . xrv 'strength; work; com-
hence (sic) one says su: koqti: 'the army pulsion' kiiq C C I , C C G ; Gr. 157 (quotns.):
marched off'(irtnim/a) K ~ J Z. 321 : K B (a man KIP. xrrr (among the P.N.s) K u : ~ b i : . . .
who travels from one city to another) kiiqin amir qawwi 'strong lord', it is an idiom (It&)
iigdiin l d s a Bter u z igi (must mean) 'manages Hou. 29, I 5 (and see 1 k 6 ~:)x ~ kiiq
v 01-quu~ca;
his affairs skilfully if he sends his heavy lug- and one says kUq berdi: nnfarahu qircmdhu 'he
gage (or his baggage train) ahead' 4814: Gag. helped him with his efforts' fd. 79: xv sa'b
xv ff. koc ('with -c') naql qua harakat 'migra- 'difficult' ( g a r p and) kiig (sic) T~rh.22b. 2:
tion' Son. 303v 1 1 : X w a r . xrv koq 'migra- O s m . xrv ff. giiq 'strength' (once in xrv);
tion' Qui6 roo: KIP. xrrr (among the Proper 'violence, oppression'; common by itself and
Names) k6:qbe: nmirrr'l-qr@ 'the leader of the in phr. T T S 1 3 3 5 ; 11470; 111301; ZV 345.
caravan' Horr. 29, 15 (and see 1 k l i : ~ ) : xrv
kiiq ('with -q') 'migration (al-za'n) when the ?F2 ku:q 'sesame seed'; prob. a I.-w. cognate
women are included' fd. 79; al-rnhil 'migra- to k u n ~ i t q.v.,
, which is 'l'okharian. N.0.a.b.
tion' koq ('with -q') Bul. 6, 6: O s m . xrv ff. Gig11 X I kii:q 01-simsin 'sesame seed'; hence
goq 'migration', etc., by itself and in phr.; 'sesame oil' (drihnu'f-!zall) is called kii:q
c.i.a.p. T T S ZZ 441 ; ZIT for ; I V 345. ya:gr:, and 'castor seed' (bmlu'l-.xnrwa') is
called inge:k kU:qi: 'cow sesame-seed' be-
VU 2 koq 'an hour'; n.0.a.b. U y R vrlr ff. cause of its large size Kng. ZIT 121 : X w a r . xrv
Civ. T T VZII 1'11, etc. (1 k a r g ~ : ) :Xak. xr b l r a g r ~a i t u n kiip yaxg1 d u r u r yiiz dlll
kiiq nl-sd'n 'an hour'; hence one says bi:r koq b a t m a n kiiqdin 'one gold coin is better than
kUdgll 'wait for an hour' Kaj. 1321. rgo bntmons of sesame seed'. Seyfi Serlyi.
1 kii:q (#kc) 'strength' in a physical or Giilirtan Tcrciim~si, Ankara, 1954, p. 205,
abstract sense, with some extended meanings; 11. 11-12; see E. N. Nadzhip, Arkhoizmy
u leksike tyt~rkoyazychwogopamyatnikn X I V v ,
see Clauson 'The Concept of "Strength" in
Turkish' in Ne'mptlz Armaianr, Ankara, 1962. 'Gulistan' Sexfa Sarai, p. 84, where the word
An early I.-w. in Mong. as giip?(n) (Hnenisch is misunderstood.
51). also in Pe., Docrfer 111 1662. S.i.a.m.1.g.;
sw Az. kiic; Osm. guq, but giic . before .. Mon. V. GC-
1 keq- (g-) both 'to pass away, elapse'
vowels; i'km. guyg. T i i r k u vrr1 t e g r i kiiq
b d r t u k u q u n 'because Heaven gave him (Intrans.), including 'to pass through (some-
strength' I I? 11, IZ E 11; el(1)ig ytl igig thing Abl.)' and 'to cross, pass orer'(something
kiiqtg bBrmlg 'for fifty years (the Tiitkii) Acc., Trans.). I n the early eriod specifically
gave their efforts (I-Iend.)' (to the Chinese) for crossing rivers; contrast ?a:*-. S.i.a.m.1.g.
I E 8, 11E 7-8; a.o.0. (I kg): vrrr ff. tegri: w. minor phonetic changes; in SW Az. keg-;
kiiqi:ge: 'by strength (given) by Heaven' Osm., Tkm. geq-. Cf. 1 ot-. T u r k u vrrr
ZrkR 17: Man. (the Five Gods are, inter alia) Yinqu: 6giiz keqe: 'crossing the Pearl River'
kuql 'the strength' (of everyone on earth) I S 3-4, I1 N 3; a.o.0.: Uyg. vrrr Selege:
Clrrtas. 47: Yen. (you were a tough archer) keqe: 'crossing the Selenga River' $11. E 4 ;
u t s a r kiiq ertigiz 'you were strong in con- a.o.0.: v r r ~ff. Uyg. hlan. k a m a g y6r s u v
quering' Afal. 28, 2 ; the word also occurs as kegguluk yaragl 'capable of crossing all
an element in P.N.s: Uyg. v ~ r $u. r E 5 (b6:r-): lands and waters' Wind. 28-9: Bud. a n l o a r a -
V I I I ff. Manan.-A b6g t e g r l kiiqin M 1 1 6 . 17; s t n d a b u s a v t a k t k e ~ m e z k e n'meanwhile
a.o.o.: Man. T T I I Z r7o(ustel-); a.0.o.: Bud. and before this story had reached (the public)'
ktiq is common, e.g. PP 37, z (alar~ad-),and SUV.623, 1-2; S U I ~ oUg u z s u v l n keqer
see kiistin: Civ. kliqi ydtrneser 'if his e r k e n 'while crossing the Indus' Hi&-is.
strength is insufficient' T T V I I 25, 18; a.o.0. 2021-2: Xak. XI a:y kU:n kegtl: 'months and
TT 164-5 (artat-): X a k . xr kii:q 01-qrrrvcun days passed' (mad;); and one says e r SU:V
'strength': k u : al-pulm
~ 'violence, oppression k e ~ t i :'the man crossed ('abara) the water'
 694 MON.
(etc.); and one says e r keqti: 'the man passed off' (m?tiln); the correct practice (01-oiutoh)
away' (mndci), that is died (nrritn) Kny. I1 5 \vith the unvoiced corisonants (Irrrr~i/r~'l-$nlrfbn)
(keqe:r, keqme:k); I 80 (1 a:g); about 20 is to convert the - d - in the I'crfect into -t-
o.o., usually 'to cross' (Trans.), occasionally to facilitate the pronunciation; the unvoiced
'to pass' (Intrans.): KB oziig t e r k keqer 'you letters are -p-, -q- and velar and post-palatal
yourself quickly pass away' (from this dream- - k - ; hut there is this difference atlout these
like world) 231 ; yigltlik keqer 'youth passes' letters that the correct usage is to form the
361 ; negii t e g keqer bu kecigll kllnilg 'how CRIIS.verb (nl-fi'Ir~'l-~u6cih)with - d - hecause
does this passing day of yours pass?' 1583; 0.0. this is prefrrahle (acroad) K n p 11 5 (kBqe:r,
693, 954: xrrr(?) At. keqer ye1 keqer reg koqme:k; verse. It is only exceptional for this
m a z a m u d d a t l 'the time for enjoyment rule to he respected in the surviving MS. of
passes as the wind passes' 194; 178 (tiig-) Knj.; for examplc the Perf. of tlk- is shown
a.o.0.: Tqf. keq- 'to pass, cross', etc. (Intrans. as t ~ k d l : ;it should he noted that -t- is not
and Trans.) 177: XI' 1?1uh. 'nhorn k6:q- Muh. mentioned, although in this rase the suffix
28, I S (Bs- in text, keq- in margin Rif. I X ) ; is almost always -ti:/-ti:, and that -8- and
nl-'trhrir g6:qmeg (sic) 13, I 2; 35, I ; geqme:k - S -are not described as unvoiced): KB
89, 120: sv ff. k6q- (-ti, etc.; 'with k-') 4814 (ulug), 6112 (koqiitqi:): X I I I ( ? )At.
get- in all its nieanings Vel. 356; kPc- (spelt) (this \\.crrld I.; an inn) tllgilp kKqglllUk 'the
grrdoftnfrrun 'lrhrir knrdon 'to pass, pass away; man who lodges there must travel on' 177:
to cross' Snn. 31 zr. 13 (quotn. ; the spelling due srv 11frrh. ra!za/a gil:q- fifci. 26, 10; 32, 13 ff. ;
to confusion with 2 kP:q-): Xwar. X I I I keq- Rif. 109, 117 (kti:c-); 01-rahil gE:qyek 36, 5 ;
(?geq-) 'to cross' 'Ali 33: xl~r(?)ditto Og. 122: Gag. xv ff. kiic- ('with -c- , sic) klir
206: XIV keqigli 'past' (year) Qrrtb 92; kbq- knrdon 'to set out, migrate' Snn. 303r 15
'to pass; to cross' do. 95; ditto, and w. Abl. (quotn.): X w a r . xrv kbc- (and, metri gratin,
'to renounce' M N 37, etc.; keqken tiin 'last koqe-) 'to migrate' Qufb roo: Kom. xrv 'to
night' Nnhc. 426, 14: K o m . xrv 'to pass, pass migrate', and metaph. 'to die' k6g- CCC; Gr.
through' keq- CCI, CCG; Gr. 135 (quotns.): 149 (quotn.): KIP. xrrr mItnfo kSc- (so spelt)
K I P . X I I I 'nbarn keq- Ilotr. 33, 17 (mis-spelt Iiorr. 37, 19: xlv k6q- ('with -q-') qn'nna 'to
k q - ) ; 37, 19 (-c-); nl-phrrr'l-mddi 'last month' set out, migrate' Id. 79; scifnm hi-ttra'nii rdlm
keqke:n a y d o 22, 9 (-c-): xrv keq- ('with . . . ~ c nklnr
a n16yttstn'nml ji mfil 'to travel, go'.
-q-') 'nhnrn roa trln& u'n tmfndn ('to pass usually in the srnse of 'to migrate' (eafar et-1
through'), also prcrnounced kcq- fd. 79; a.o. h-el-/) koq- Brrl. 47v. (the last six words fol-
do. 14 (agnu:k~:);'nhnrn keq- (-c-) B~il.62v.: low the Turkish translation and are followed
xv kev- 'ndii rca crizn 'to cross' Knv. 9, 8; hy k n ~ t (repeated);
i they prob. refer only to
rrizn keg- (and ag-) Ttrh. Iza. 7; 'ad; ditto kK$-): xv kiiq- (sic) mflnln fio. 9, 8; Tnh.
do. zgb. 13: Osrn. xrv ff. geq- 'to pass on, 17b. 4 ; O s m . xrv ff. gnq- 'to drpart, m i ~ m t e ' ;
pass into, pass over, surpass, pass onc's life. mctnph. 'to dic'; c.i.a p. 7'T.S 1 3 ' 5 ; I1 441;
renounce'; in a nurnbcr of texts T T S I 295; I I I 301 ; I V 346.
II 419; 11'327.
2 kP:q- ($6:~-) 'tn he Iatc' nnd the likr; Dis. GCE
hnniophonous a,. kC:p N.o.a.h., during the 1 kege: 'felt'; specifically ORuz, survives only
medieval period displaced by the Emphatic f. ( ? ) in S \ V Az., Osn~.,'l'km. keqe; cf. kidiz.
keqlk-, which m. minor phonetic chanecs O k u z X I keqe: nl-libd 'felt' KO$.I11 219: xrv
( S I V Osni. gecik-) s.i.a.m.l.g. except NE. Mutt. iTfrl. 78, notc 2 (edrim); (lab6hidi 'felt
Xak. xr e r kP:qti: obfa'n'l-tnctrl fi'l-amr 'the maker, or merchant' keqeqi: (-c-, - c - ) Rif. 157):
nian was slow about the business' KO?. III Gag. xv ff. kbqe (so spclt) nomd 'frlt' Son.
180 (kC:qe:r, k6:qme:k): K B (the moon's 312". 7: T k m . of-llrhhn'd 'saddlc-felt' keqe:
brightness disappears) t u g a r kCqe azln y a n a (so spelt; KIP. kiyiz) Hori. 17, 4: xv ditto
o k tolur 'by degrees it rises later and later, fd. 79: O s m . xvl kPqe (sic) in two Pe. dicts.
and then becomes firll again' 734: xrrl(?) At. TTS I V 520.
lsiz e d g u iqke y a n u t kbqrnez ol 'the requ~tal
for good and evil deeds is not slow in coming' VU 2 k6qe: Hap. leg.; the first vowcl is un-
374; a.0. 180 (1 09): SIV n'flih. a b ~ a ' a88:~- marked and as this word follo~vs3 kbqe: it is
Afrl. 21, 15 (only); nl-btrt' g6:qmek 35, 16; r~nlikelyto be -e-, and more likely to be -6-
Rjf. 121 (ke':cmrk): KIP. X I I I ahln'a mina'l-but' or -i-. Xak. xr kbqe: 'a basket (01-jarica) used
kec- Horr. 37, 19; kec- do. 38, 4: srv kec- to transport melons, cucumbers and the like'
(-dl:) nb!n'n (and kPclk- (-di:) tnbnm'n 'to be KO?. III 220.
slow in doing something') fd. 79; abta'n kec- I)3 k6qe: (gPce:) I)cv. N /A. fr. 2 kb:q-; in
Brrl. 28v.: (xv ahfo'a kecik- Ttrh. 58. 12; the carliest period used as an Adv. 'late in the
Ziibn 'to be absent' and the like keclk- do, evcning', but soon nfter as a N. for 'the late
26b. 13). evcning', the period preceding tun, 'the
k6q- (g-) 'to change one's abode, mi~rate'; night'. S.i.a.m.1.g. with some phonetic and
with some extended meanings like to be semantic variations; c.g. in NE keqe means
nomadic', and metaph. 'to die' (i.e. migrate 'evening, in the eveninn, yesterday'; if NW
from this world trr the next); homophonous w. Nog. 'evening' is keg (kb:~) and night'
1 keg. S.i.a.m.1.g.; SW Osm., Tkm. g&$-. kege and tfin; in SW 'evening' is Az., Osm.
Xak. xr sii: koqti: 'the army (etc.) marched axvarn; Tkm. a g p a m ; 'night' kece, Bece,
 696 DIS. V
13 k u g e d - ( 9 - ) Trans. I k n . 1'. fr. I kii:q; 'to etc. kiigiik is a l'e. I.-w.; the fin:ll - k is hard
grip, take firm hold of (sonleone Acc.)'. to expinin in any other wny. See Ilorrfrr I1 1
N.0.a.h. U y g . V I I I ff. Alan. T T 11 16, 13-14 1620, 1664. ' r u r k u V I I I k i q i g a t l ~ gI'havinp
( I a g u : ) ; do. 17, 55 ("$'I-): Bud. (diseases as a nariic in childhood' I1 I:' 41 (damaged);
caused hy wirid (or demoniacal possession?) o.o. I S 3, ctc. ( t e g - ) : V I I I ff. klqig d r n t a r
liegin in the summer season) kiizku ocJte 'the young Hearer' I r k B l'ostscript: RIan. (all
kuqecjur 'in thc autumn they grip (the mortals) u l u g k a k i q i g k e t e g l 'from preat to
sulicrcr)' Sue.. 591, 13- 1 4 ; a.0. do, 133, ~ y . small' Chtms. 86-7; klqlg b a c n k c r t l 'it wns
the lesscr fast' TT II 8, 6 2 ; Af 111 38, 5 (ii):
I ) kiiget- ( g - ) tIap. Icy.; Caus. f. of kuqe:-. U y g . V I I I ff. ( M a n , k i q i g k [ i y e ] m 'my little
X a k . X I o l a n l g t a v a : r l n kuqetti: 'he urgrd onc' A l I1 8, 13 (ii)): n u d . ( I an1 a delicately
hrrn to scizc ('nlrifn~b) his (a thtrd party's)pra- brought up) k e n q k l q i g 'youlip woman'
pert!' KO?. 11 300 (kuqetu:r, kuqetme:k). U 111 82, 1 7 ; e v i n d e k l u l u g k i g l g k e 'to the
1) k e q t u r - ( g - ) Ilap. leg.; Caus. f. of l keq- ; preat and sniall in his house' PI' 67, 7-8;
0.0. K ~ r o n .122; T7' V 8, 54, etc.: Civ. (ninjor
cf. keglt- and the nnrlnal form k e q u r - . X a k .
X I 01 anl: suvrlrn keqtilrdl: 'he ordered him
.
( u l u k ) tindcrtak~nps . .) k l q i g i$ k u d u k l e r
to cross (hi-'ihrirn ittin) the water' K n g I1 194 'iiiinnr r~ndcrtakit~gs' 7'T I 73; in the calen-
( k r q t i i r u r , k e g t u r n ~ e : k ;the Ahl., translated dar texts 1'7' 1/11 4 and 5 thcfc is constnnt
nicntion of u l u a and k i g l g n y ('niontli');
ruin, seems to c ~ ) n n n t e'to pass by', rather than a.o.o.: X n k . X I k i g i g 'small' (01-sngir) of
'to pass over', \I-liich would require a n Acc.). any thin^ K n j . I 390; k i q i g d e f i fijdrihi in
'childhood' 11 268, 2 0 ; III 87, 20; about 8
T r i s . GCD 0.0. translated y i i r or xoris, 'paltry': K R
1> koqiitqi: ( g - ) N.Ag. fr. koqiit; 'the man k l q i g o g l a n r g 'a sniall boy' 293; u l u g k a
who leads, o r drives, the horses in a caravan'; k l g i g k e 500; 0.0. 611, 707 ( b a s r t - ) , 1493
pee. to K H . X a k . X I KB (take what you need (iigret-), 4042(0r~ar-),etc. : X I I I ( ? A ) t. u l u g k a
for the day which is passing) k o q i i t ~ ki e l l r k e k i c i g k e 3 j b ; Tpf. kkiqig 'small; childhood'
e t i g l g k111n 'make your preparations for the 181 : srv hTt11t. 01-lntir (opposite to 'great'
coming of (death) \vho will drive your horse u l u g ) 8i:gk/gl:ql:g (sic) M r l . 55, I 3 ; RiJ. I 53
(to the next wr)rld)' 3788; iizug kijqgii a t t g ( h i x i : ) ; 'small boat' kiql: g e m l : 62, 1 0 ; 161 :
s e n i g k o g g u n 01, kngiitgi iiliim k e l g i i 5 x i r cjag. xv ff. kiqik('with k - -k') kiiriih VrI. 356;
kiin 01 'you yourself will niigrate (to the next kiigiik (spelt) sng-I bnrrn 'puppy' Snn. 3 0 3 ~ .
\vorld), your reputation (1 a:t, pun with 2 a t 17; k i c i k ('with -c-') corrupt and 'rurcisized
'horse') is transitory; death will come to drive f o n n of krifnk, menning /triqir 'little, small' doo;
your horse (to the next \vorld); that will be 3 1 2 ~ .17 (quvtn.): X w a r . X I I I kiqi 'small
the I,ast L)a>' 6112. 'Ali 58: XIV kiqig/kigi Q11rb 07; MN 64: Krp.
X I I I cnrsrtr'l-knlh 'puppy' (VII) k i q l g (-r-, un-
U i s . (>CG vocalized); T k m . e n i i k (RTS. ctiik) Hon. 11,
I) k'ecie (&-) 1)cv. N. fr. 1 k e g - ; lit. 'crossing 10; (01-!if/ 'child' k.q o p l a : n ; proh. an error
plncc, ford'; mctaph. 'access, n n y round', and for k e n $ ogla:n hut cn~rldbe read kl$l do, 24,
t h e like. S.i.n.m.l C. with minor p h o n c t ~ c 20): XI\. klqi: ('\\-it11 -q-') 01-jrzfiir; Dim. f.s
KIP. klqglnc:; T k r n . . klqlciik, tlic formrr
chances excrpt S I V :\z. kegid. Osm., 'l'kni.
gcgit, which are survivals of a cognate Dev. ;ilso uscd in I'.N.s . . . kilgiik (-c-) 01-corru . . .
N. in - u t which is first noted in the medieval k u g i i k (-r-) ol-nhtnr 'hob-tailed', used as a
period, see also D o ~ r j r r111 1621. U y g . \.III ff. P.N., and one says kiiqiik i t kolh ohtnr, that is
Hud. r n t l n k r d ~ g n r r Jk e q g u l e k (sic?) keqii- one without a tail Id. 79: xv corw kiiqiik
g i (sic?) e r i i r 'it is the ford which must ( l u r u k l e n u k ) Tlrh. I rh. 6 ; a.o. 30b. 13;
be crossed to the other hank' (i.c. Nirvana) (so& kugUqiik/kiqkez 22a. 2): O s m . srv tf.
Iiiirn-ts., p. 23, notc 1810, 3: X a k . k e q i g kiqiik 'sn~all'once in X I V ;kiqi vcry common
01-ntn'bar 'a ford' KO?. I 390 (prov.): .KI3 till s v ~ rare , in xvrr, X V I I I T T S 1 4 6 7 ; I1 640;
k a m u g b e g b e d u k k e m e n i r ~ d i n kegig 311 454; I V 521.
'access to all brgs and great m e n is through D kuqe:k Hap. Icp.; Dcv. N./A. fr. kuqe:-;
me' 674; o l u m d i n k a q r g l t k e q i g b u l m a d r 'strong, strongly'. U y g . V I I I ff. Rud. T T V I I I
'he found n o way round to escape death' 4837; I.ro (bu:zluk).
n.o. 249 (iitiil-), 40.12 (ogar-), 5208: (Qag.
xv ff. kPgIt mn'bnr-i (ih 'ford' Son. 3 1 2 ~ .8A V U ? F kiijek 'a lock of hair' and the like;
(quotn.)): K t p . X I I I nl-tnn.~*/n 'ford' ke:qi: proh. an Iranian I.-w. coKnate to I'e. krij
(-r-); ( T k m . ke:gii:t (-c-)) Holr. 6, 20: ( x ~ v 'crooked, curved, a hump', with Iranian
keqiit a/-maxfida . . . k k q i t (?PIS. Ricif) ditto D i m . Suff. N.o.a.h. A r g u : X I k u j e k a/-qrrz'n
fd. 79; ditto keqiit (-c-) Blrl. 4. 15). tninn'l-in'r zm'l-strdg 'a lock of hair; the hnir
on the temples' K n j . 1 3 9 1 : X a k . X I K B (when
kiqig 'small', with sonic extended meanings it rains let the flo\r.crs open and) k u r t r n l q
like 'puppy'. S.l.a.m.1.g. with some phonetic y t g a q t t n s a l ~ n s u k i i j e k 'let bunches (of
chances; S\V Osrn. alone has t h e form kiiciik; leaves) burst from the desiccated trees' 118;
this and the medieval forms with rounded k i i j e k y a z d t Riimi k ~ z t'the Greek girl let
vowels are obviously somehow connected with loose her tresses' 4885: xtv Muh.(?) the people
the syn. I'e. word kri~olz;it is prob. that the of Turkistan call hl-dtr'r7ha 'the forelock'
resetnb!anceis purely fortuitous and that Osm., kiije:k, and the Turks of our country kiise:k
 D I S . V. G C L - 697

Rif. 79 (only) ; 01-dtc'riholdn kii:je:k (RIS. giiycli. See IIoprj~r 111 1676. Tiirkti v111
~ i i : z r : h do.
) I 39. kilqliig [alp?] xa[gani]rnda: from my
strong, tough xajan' Ongin 1 2 : V I I I ff. anta:g
PU ?I>lk6qiik 'the [buttocks'; prob. a crasis kuqlii:g m e n 'I am so strong' IrkB 3, 20, 60:
of *kiitqtik Dim. f. of k o t ; completely url- UyR. vrrr kiiqlii:$ boltu: 'he became power-
vocalized in the MS. hut between keqig and ful' III C 5 ( E T Y I1 38): V I I I ff. Man. Wnd.
kicig, which would be correct; survives only 19-20 (1 kop): Chr. u l u g kitcliig teorl 'oh
( ? ) in N E San., $or koqiik R 11 1289. Cf. great, mighty God' A1 I11 49, 6: Bud. on
k6ciikle:-. Xak. X I koqiik 01-nlyaldn wa kiiqliig translates Sanskrit da/abala 'having
ridfri'l-insdn 'a man's buttocks' (f lend.) Kag. ten (kinds of) strenpth' U 111 34, I (ii); U I U ~
I 390. kuqliig k u t l u g b o d t s a v t 'a great, mighty,
D kkqki: (g-) N.jA.5. fr. k6:q; survives only blessed Uodhisattva' PP 45, 2-3; a r t u k
( ? ) in NU' I<az. klqki 'evening' (meal, rtc.) R kiiqliig 6vkeqi 'with a very violent temper'
I1 1383 Xak. sr KI3 icji keqki s o z 01 Kttan. 64; a.o.0.: Civ. kiieliig yagl 'a strong
m a t a l d a kelir 'a very old saw comes in the enemy' TT I I 22: 0. Klr. IX ff. kilqliigin
proverb' I ro (the provrrb fi~llows);a.o. 5133 iiqiin 'l~ecause he was strong' Mol. 49, 4:
(kovl:). Xak. sr ant9 y6li: kU:qliig 'its wind is strong'
(qauwiyo) Ka?. III 161, 29; 0.0. I509(bllek-
11 kfiqgiin (g-) Intrans. I)ev. N./A. fr. kiiq-; 118); U I 120 (1 kii:q); n.m.e: K B (anyone who
'migratory, transitory', and the like. N.0.a.b. has a hacker) kiicltig bolur 'becomes power-
Xak. X I K B 6112 (k6qiitqi:): (Kd.xlv ful' 1699: x ~ r ~ ( ?Tef. ) kiiqlig/kiiqliig ditto
kfiqgen (sic) 01-nasr 'ea~le'; might be this 191: x ~ vMtth. al-qamwi (opposite to 'weak'
word tnisvocalized Id. 79). gii:csiz) ku:clu: Mel. 55,s; kii:clug Rif. 152:
a g xv ff. giiqliik (spelt) quurvatlu Vel. 363;
D ktiqgey (9-) Den. N.jA. fr. 1 ku:q; G kiiqliik zrirmnnd 'strong' San. 303V. 14:
'violent', difficult', etc.; n.o.a.1~. Xak. XI K B X w a r . xrv kiigliig 'strong' Qutb 105: Kom.
021 kiicgey e r s e 'if he himself is violent (or xlv 'strong' kiiqlii CCI, CPG; Gr.: KIP.
oppressive)' 814; 0.0. 2030-5, 5521: XIII(?) xlri 01-qaroni (opposite to weak' k i i q ~ i : ~ )
Tpf, kiicey 'difficult' 190: Xwar. xrv ditto kiiclii: Horc. 32, 7: xv ditto kiigli: (sic) Kov.
Qrctb 105; Nnhc. 214, 16; 298, 2; 304, 15. 60, 4; kiiqli & quzcwa
i Tuh. 68a. 10.
T r l s . GCG D khqltik ( 9 - ) A.N. fr. 1 k u : ~ ;n.0.a.b.
Uyg. VIII ff. Man.-A (within a man's body
D kiclglik A N . fr. kiqi$; s.i.s.nr.1. meaning are many) kuqliikler kogiiller biHgler s a -
'smallness, a little'. Xak. XI K B (if greatness klnclar 'strengths, minds, knowledges, and
comes to you) ki$iglIk a n u k tut iiriig thoughts' M III g, 14-15 (ii).
bolguka 'retain humility until you become
white-haired' (or 'in order that you may live Dis. V. GCL-
to become . . .') 552; kiqlglik ktltp 'acting D 1 keqil- (9-) Pass. f. of 1 keq-; s.i.s.m.i.
humbly' 1702. Xak. XI su:v keqildi: 'the water was crossed'
D keqigaiz (g-) P.N./A. fr. keqig; n.0.a.b. Kaf. 11136 (keqliir ( s i c ? ) , ke7ilme:k): Gag.
Tiirkil vllr frtiq ligilzig keqigsizin keqdi- xv ff. k6cil- (spelt) 'rrbrir p d a n 'to be crossed'
m i z 'we crossed the River Irtig without using Son. 312r. 27.
a ford' T. 3s: Xak. X I kayna:r iigiiz keqig- D 2 k6:qil- (g-) Pass. f. of 2 k6:q- ;survives in
si:z bo1ma:s 'there is no rushing river without NW Kk. kegil- 'to be postponed, delayed'.
n crossing-place (manfad) somelvhere' I 390, Xak. xi lg kd:qildi: ub!i'afi'l-amr 'the matter
18; 111 191, 6 (with ma'bnr 'ford' instead of was delayed' Kap. III 195 (ke:gilii:r, k6:cll-
manfad); n.m.e. rne:k).
T r i s . V. GCG- D kiice:l- (g-) Pass. f. of kii$e:-; suwives in
I) ki~ip1e:- Den. V. fr. klqig; survives in SW ~ k m . gyucel- 'to be strengthened, in-
SE, SW. with the same meaning as in Xak. tensified'. Xak. xr e r tava:n: ktiqeldi: 'the
Xak. X I 01 ant: kiqigle:dl: 'he considered that man's property (etc.) was taken by force'
he was small' ($a@) Kag. III 341 (kiqigle:r, (zrrlima) Kay. IZ 136 (kiiqe:lPr (sic), kuqe:l-
kicig1e:me:k): Gag. xv ff. kiiqiikle- (spelt) me:k): O s m . XVIII giicel- 'to be complicated,
hnrra kardnn sac 'of a hitch. to DUD' Son. made difficult'; in one text T T S I V 368.
3,

3 0 3 ~ .9 : xwar: xrv kicigle- 'td consider D kiiq1e:- (8-) Den. V. fr. 1 kii:q; not noted
small' Qulb 97. before the medieval period, but see kiiqlen-;
D koquk1e:- Hap. leg.; Den. V. fr. kocuk; s.i.s.m.1. in NE, NU', e.g. Tel. kiiqte- 'to
fully vocalized. Xak. XI 01 okltn knqiik1e:di: compel' R 11 1497. Cf. kiir;e:-. xrv Mtrh.
'he beat his son on the buttocks' ('a15 alyatthi) zalamo rua qahara 'to ill use, oppress1 gii:qle:-
Kaj. III 341 (kBqiikle:r, k6qiikle:me:k). Me!. 28, 13; Rif. 112 (kii:clp:-): KIP. xv
qaroiyn 'to be strong' (kat-/katl bpl-/) kugle-
Dis. GCL Tuh. zgb. 10: O s m . xrv guqle- to compel';
in one text T T S 1335.
D kli:qliig (9-) P(N./A. fr. 1 kii:q; 'strong,
powerful; violent, oppressive, and the like. D kuqlen- (9-) Refl. f. ofckiisle:-. S.i.s.m.1.;
S.i.s.m.1. ; S W Az. kuclii; Osm. giiglii; Tkm. in SW Osm. giiclen- to be or become,
 3c$ 699

'during the day which you have just lived T r i s . GCR ' ' .
through' 3787; 0.0. 649, 1155, 1192: xllr(?) D kiiqiirme: (9-) Pass. Dev. N./A: fr.
At. keqlirgen i d i m 37; yazuktn keqiir 337; k6qur-; survives w. different meaning in SC
keqtir s e n m e ' u m r u g 'and pass your life' Uzb., Docrfer 111 1669. Xak. xr k 8 f l m e :
(in uprightness) 154; Tef. kefir-lkefiir- 'to oquk 'a fireplace (al-kdniin) which is trans-
pardnn' 177: Gag.. xv. ff. k6qUr- (spelt) gu&- ported(yrnqn1) from place to place': kaflrme:
ranidan rua 'ubrir farmlidan 'to cause, or order, to oyun al-arha'a 'ayara 'fourteen'; the name of a
pass over or cross' Sun. 31zr. 24 (quotns.); kind of game. Four lines are drawn on the
Xwar. xrr~(?) keqilr-(?g-) 'to bring, to pardon' ground in the shape of a castle (of-hip); and
'Ali49: x ~ v k b f i i r -'to pass(time); to brin~over; ten gates (ahwdb) are made in it; the game is
to allow to exceed', etc. Qrrtb 96; 'to pardon' played with nuts (al-banddiq) and the like Kaf.
MN 426: K o m . xrv 'to bring across; to for- 1490.
give' keqir- CCG.; Gr. I 35 (quotns.): O s m .
xrv ff. geqir- ( I ) xrv 'to pardon'; (2) xrv 'to T r l s . V. GCR-
shoot (an arrow) through (someone)'; (3) XVI 1) k e f r u m s i n - (g-) Hap. leg.; Refl. Simula-
'to cause to forget' T T S I 294; 11419. tive Den. V. fr. * k e g ~ mN.S.A. fr. keqilr-;
mentioned only as a grammatical example.
D 2 kk:qllr- (g-) Caus. f. of 2 k6:q- ; n.0.a.b. Xak. xr 01 antD ya:zuktn keqriimsindi:
Cf. kkqit-. Uyg. vrlr ff. Civ. one of the stan- 'he pretended to pardon (yaqfah) his offence
dard phr. in contracts is (I will repay what I without actually doing so' K ~ J 1 . 1 261, a t ;
have borrowed on a stated date) bkrmedin n.m.e.
k e q u r s e r m e n 'if I delay and do not pay' (I
shall incur certain penalties) USp. I , 5-6; 7, D keqUrse:- (g-) Hap. leg.; Desid. f. of
5; 8, 6-7; lo, 6-7, etc.: Xak. XI 01 1:glk k e ~ u r - .Xak. X I kara: tii:niig keqCirse:dim
k6:filrdi: 'he delayed (or was slow about, 'I wished to make the dark night pass' (istam-
nbfa'a) the business' Kay. 111187 (kk:qiiriir, saytu) Kag. 111247, zz; n.m.e.
k4:qurme:k).
Dis. GCS
E klqir- See kiqin-.
D kiiqsiiz (g-) Priv. N./A. fr. 1 k i i : ~ ;'weak,
D k6qitr- (g-) Caus. f. of khq-; 'to cause to feeble'. S.i.s.m.1. Uyg. vrrr ff. Man. TTIIZ 87
migrate', with some extended meanings. (2turuk); M 111 37, r7 (i) (agsiiz): Bud. UIII
S.i.s.m.l.; S W Az. kaqur-; Osm., Tkm. j5, zz (mq1kla:-): (Xak.?) XIV Muh. al-'&iz
g6qiir-. Tiirkti VIII ff. I r k B 34 (kontur-): 'feeble' (opposite to 'tough' t@ra:k) gti:csi:z
Xak. xr 01 ant: evdin k6qiirdi: 'he made him Mel. 54, I ; Rif. 150; al-da'if 'weak' (opposite
move (hawwalahu) from his residence, and to 'strong' ku:clii:) gU:csiz 55, 5 ; 152: KIP.
made him migrate and leave home' (anqalahu X I I I al-da'if (opposite to 'strong' kiiqlil:)
rua ap'anahtt) ; one also says 01 bitig kaqurdi: k i i q s i : ~(-c-), that is 'without strength'; Hou.
'he copied (nasaxa) the book'; also used when 26, 8: xv al-da'if (opposite to 'strong' kugli:)
one conveys (naqala) something from one kiigsiz (sic?;MS. kii$iinsiz) Kav. 60, 4.
place to another, e.g. 01 kaqilt kbqiirdl: 'he
moved the caravan horse from one place to Dis. V. G C S -
another' Kay. 11 75 (koqtirur, kiiqUrme:k,
ti~isvocnlizcd kcG-); am. 1 522, 5 (1 to:^): 1) krqse: (g-) Hap. leg.; Desid. f. of 1 keq-.
xrrl (?) At. 338 (kaz-): Gag. xv fi. ghqur- Xak. X I ertig suvan keqse:di: (the enemy)
(-$fig; spelt) ~6riir-['el. 364 (quotn.); ghcur- 'intended to cross (krTnn ..
. an ta'bur) the
(spelt) krifrinidan 'to cause to migrate' Sun. River Irtig' Kag. I 155, 18; n.m.e.
303r 25 (quotns.): K o m . xlv 'to transfer' D keqset- (8-) Hap. leg.; Caus. f. of kegse:-.
g6q1ir- CCG; Gr. 150 (quotn.): O s m . xv ff. Xak. X I 01 meni: s u v d l n kefsetti: 'he in-
goftir- 'to transfer, or move, from one place spired me with a wish to cross (mannrini 'ubtir)
to another'; fairly common T T S I 315; I1 the water' (etc.) Kaf. I1 336 (keqsetii:r,
442; 111302; I v 347. keqsetme:k).
D keqiirt- (9-) Hap. leg.; Caus. f. of k e f u r - Tris. V. GCS-
Xak. X I 01 aDar su:v keqiirtti: 'he made him
cross (a'barahu) the water' (etc.); also used D kiiqsire:- (g-) Priv. Den. V. fr. 1 ku:~;
'to
when he entrusts a task to someone else be weak, lack strength'. N.0.a.b. Uyg. vlrr ff.
(amdd li-2ayrihi amr) Kas. 111431 (kequrtur, Bud. ktiqsiremig a l a ~ a d m ~a gc b a r s 'the
keqlirtme:k). weakened and debilitated hungry tigress' Suv.
610, zz; a.0. do. 586, 21: Civ. kiiz k e p i r e p
D keqrtig- (g-) Recip. f. of kequr-; pec. to yag a k s a r 'if the eyes are weak and water'
KO$. Xak. xr o1a:r bi:r bi:rke: ya:zu:kln H I 155
keqrtigdi: 'they forgave (~afa!za) one another's Dis. GC$
offences'; also used when they help one
another to cross a canal (fi'l-i'bdr 'ani'l-nahr) D keqig (9-) Dev. N. fr. 1 keg- ; n.0.a.b. Cf.
Kaf. I1 222 (keqrtigii:r, keqrll9me:k); keqig. Xak. XI keqig 'a ford, crossing place
o l ana: s u v d ~ nkeqrtigse:k erdi: 'he wished over a canal or river' (ma'baru'l-nahr m'l-
to help him to cross the water' I1 257, 5; a.0. -wddi) KO$. I 369 (prov.: see 6let-): KB
11.225, 24. t i r i g k e b u negdin keqig yok kadag 'my
 cnnirade, a human heinr cannot get on with- Atel. 18, 6 (Rrj. 07 edgii): X w a r . xlrr k e y ( I )
out thrse thinas'(clothesar~dfood) 3665;(death 'good'; (2) clr~alifiesV. 'Ali 58: xrv ditto (2)
is certa~n)keqig y o k n d l n 'there is no other 11r1lv Qlrrh 3 3 : Klp. (?)srtl 01-rnyyid (opposite
(possible) outcome' 6070. to 'hncl' y n m n : n / y a w u z ) (eygi:/) k e y Ilorr.
25, l o : xlv k e y rn~:\,id;one says bu: k e y clur I
Dis. 1'. GCS- 'this is ~ n r r d ' ;K l p . c y g i Id. 80 (thc inferer~ce
iq thnt k r y n.as ' I ' k n ~ . ) : Osm. srv ff. k e y
1) kerf$- ( 8 - ) Co-rrp. f. of 1 k e q - ; n.0.a.h. usually c111;llifyin):iidjs, or V.s, Ilut nccasionnlly
N I f 1148 lists 'Cak.' kCqig- 'to pardnn one 'good'; very conirllon t i l l S V , rare Inter T T S I
another', hut it is not traceable else\vhere, and 451; I1 621; 111 440; I V 504.
could hardly have this meaning (cf. keqriig-).
kiit (g-) 'backside, huttocks'; s.i.a.trr.l.g., hut
X a k . sr 01 m e n i r ~b i r l e : s u : v keqiqdi: 'he
con~pctcd with me in crossing ( j i 'rrhrir) t h r like other similar words rarely listed in modern
tvater' Kny. II 93 ( k e q i ~ u : r , keqigrne:k). dicts.; S\V O s ~ n . giit ( A r c . gntij). See
kriqiik. Sec 1)orrfrr I11 1057. X a k . X I k 6 t
O kiiyeg- ( 8 - ) Hap. leg.; Co-op. f. of kuqe:-. 1x1-dnhrrr 'hackcide, b ~ ~ t t n c k sKczf.
' I 321;
X a k . S I ola:r ikki: t a v a : r kuqegdi: 'those
kiiti: k ~ z l a : k01-Frrmrtranx rnirm'l-fa.vr, that is
t\vo competed with one another in forceably 'xvit11 a red tail'; a hird, species uncertain,
seizing (fi gnih) property' Koi. II 93 ( k i i ~ e - hardly 'the red-hcnded linch' \vhich is the
gii:r, kuqegrne:k). normal rncanitlg 1 4 7 3 , 20: KO". x ~ v'back-
Dis. GCY side' kiit CCG; (;r.: Ktp. x r ~ r01-imt 'buttocks'
kiit (RIS. kit) Ilorr. 21, 5 : S I V k 6 t 01-hrhrrr fd.
S kuqey Scc kuqgcy. 78: s v ditto Knv. Or, 7 ; Trrlr. 15% rz.
M o n . GD M o n . V. GD-
F ked I.-m. fr. Sogdian k'dy, 'very, extremely', ke:P- (a-) 'to put on, or wear (clothing)'.
scc Cqf., p. 78; oriqinally used in the same S.i.a.ti1.l.a.; N1: ki:-; 513 'l'iirki key-lkiy-/
meaning to qualify hoth Adj.s and V.s, it soon k i - ; NC, SC k i y - ; NW IZk., Nog. kiy-,
came to niean 'extremely good' and the like. IZumyk g i y - ; SW (Ax. keyin-), Osm., T k m .
K q ' s statement that it was also pronounced g e y - . T i i r k i i vrrr ff. Alan. r n u n q a arlg t o n
k e d confirms its foreign origin since final -d, k e d m i s i n (sic) 'his wearing so clean a garment'
except in the cluster - n d did not exist in Xak., M 1 7 , 14; a1 [gap] k c d i p 'putting on a scarlet
but final -11 was not a Sogdian sound either. [robe]' 17T118,67-8: UyW. vrlr ff. Bud. y a r i k
Now ?obsolete everywhere; the latest trace k e d i p 'putting on a hrcastplatc' U 1178, go;
seems to he S W X I X Az. g e y 'very, extremely' 86, 4 8 ; TT IV 10, 12; a r i g t o n k e d i p U I
N I1 1551. Uyg. vlrr ff. Chr. k e g kogiil 29, 12;o.n. U I I + z , 3 3 ; T T - Y ~ I z USp. ; 105,
tegiiriip t i l e g l e r i s t e g l e r 'seck (Hend.) him l o : Civ. k y d r n i g (MS. kr:lmi~) ke:re:k 'he
applying your minds vigorously' U 1 6 , I ; a.o. must wear (warm clothing) TT V I I I 1.20:
(10. 9, 1 6 (afiig): Bud. K e d Y e g e n T o t o k X a k . sr e r to:nln ketti: 'the man put on
1I.N. PjaAl. 23. 24; 3.0. S~rcl.4, 9-10 (iiliitqi:): (Inhisn) his clothcs'; originallv kedti: Kay. II
Civ. kc(! t t g r n k 'very tough' T T 1fII 17, 8 ; 296 (keJe:r, k e d m e : k ) ; e r to:n ke:dti: 'the
e r kisi c r igige k e p b o l a y i n t e s e r 'if a marl mnn put on clothes' (etc.) I I I 441 (ke:de:r,
say- " 1 wis11 t o hcco111c very potent" (ses- ke:dme:k): KIZ k S k a1 k e d i p 'putting on
ually)' I 1 I 75: s u t k e d b o l g u e m 'a remedy blue and scarlct' 6cj; o.o. 84, 5 r n , 4+25 (iq),
to ensure that (a nlother's) milk hccomcs 4774: sltr(:) .4t. 167 (tn:n); n.o.o., u - ~ t hsorric
copious' do. 10s: X a k . sr k e d / k e d with both v.1.s of k e y - ; 'f'rf. lie<!- 'tn wear' 169; k e z -
(rr~o'o(~r)) dfil and &?l; an Enipliatic Particle gitto; kfy- dittr, 178: (xrv MtrA. 01-nrnlbris
(Imrf ~n'kidten tttr~hfilogn)used in describing clothing' g e y m e k ~%lrI.66, 13; P U t e y k i l
(,firca;cl) a thing; hence one says k e d a t 'what a Rif. 166): G a g , s v ff. key- (-gillilk) ~ e y -Vrl.
good horse' (ni'nra'l-fnms) and k e d ne:g 'what 353, 1 3 ; k e y - ('with -6-') ptiridan 'to put on,
a good thing' Knp. I 321 ; the later form k e y upear'. San. 301v. 16 (quotns.): X w a r . xrv
may occur in a verse biqga:s b i t i g k ~ l u r l a r , k e d - / k & d - / k e y - ditto Qirtb 93-7; k e g - Nahc.
a n d k e y yerne: b e r u d e r yaktttbrin kitlihn'l- 267, 13: K o m . x ~ vditto key-/kiy- C C I ,
-'ahd run'l-bny'o art la yrr.r6lifii'l-molilt/-m/ik'they C C G ; Gr. 136(quotns.): K l p . x t r ~lahisa k e y -
sign a treaty and (swear) an oath that they will Hou. 33,19: s r v dittotd. 86; Rul. 78v.; k e y m e k
not oppose the king' 1 4 5 9 . 7 ; and see I 2 4 4 nl-libs Id. 86: xv lahiso key- Knv. ro, I ;75, 4;
(erpel-): K R k e d is common in three usages; a.0. 63, 18; k i y e d i r , untranslated, example of
( r ) qualifying Adj.s. it means 'very', e.g. k e d Pres. Tuh. 74h. 4.
b a g l r s a k k a d a g 'a very compassionate com-
rade' 317; (2) qualifying V.s it strengthens the 1 k e t - (ged-)'to notch, chip, pash(sonicthing)',
meaning, e.g. tllig k e g kSdezgi1 'keep a firm and the like, trot noted before s r v but see
control of your tongue' 176; (3) qualifying ketii:, k e t u t , k e t m e : n . Rlore o r lcss syn. w.
N.s it means 'very good' or the like, e.g. k e r t - , hut unlikely to be a Sec. of it, since
b o d u n d a t a l u s 1 kiqinig k e d i 'chosen among elision of -r- is unlikely at so early a date, and
the people, the hest of men' 34: xrrr(?) At. k e r t - nlways has initixl k-. Survives in SW
( I ) xv. Adj. k e d b e r k l i g 'very unyielding' 254; Ostn. g e d - , Snnii r 152; Rrd. 153 r anci T k m .
(2) w . V. k e d a g - a 'understand thoroughly' r 8 ; . .
ge:t- (ge:d . hefore vowels), sarne meaning.
four 0.0. : s r v Muh. a / - c a p i d '(very) good' g e y Klp. xlv (kediik al-!alttm 'a notch') the V. fr.
 702 DIS. GDE
for 'roof'. Xak. SI kotii: 01-sn/!l 'the roof of a Dis. GDG
house' Kay. 111 219; v.0. I 269 ( o ~ u l - ) ;278 L, kediik (9-) Pass. Dev. N. fr. ked-; lit.
(8nse:-). 'something put on', in practice 'a felt cap', hut
Dia. V. GDE- see kediikliig; pec. to Kak. Xak. xr kedUk
E k e g - in ~ ~f f , Bud, gI lgacda. torumlg
~ (MS.~ kediik)~ 01-lrrbbd(fa
~ 'a felt cap': kedtik
t u g ybmlgler kediyur fruits ( ~ ~ ~ d(ditto)
, ) 'a head-covering of feathers'
which have formed on bushes and trees grow mina'l-rif ;? 'a bird's crest') because it is like it
bigger' Suv,517, 9-ro(and U I Z 7 , 4, the same I 30°\ a.0. 11138, z1 ( o ~ r a : k ) :
is no doubt a mis-spell,ng of bedg:-, ol-bbbn'da In the ]anwage of those (tribes)
q.v. who change -d- to -y- III 168: K B kbrti
b a r s a b a r q a u r u r b u kediik ukuglug
E 1 kude-, read tentatively in Uyg. vrlr ff. biliBlig k 8 r a911 ked iig 'if you look carefully,
Bud. U I V 8, 36, is an error for btjgu:-; the everyone puts on this cap; the hnsis of the man
line reads oyun oynayu blidlyu y ~ r l a y u of understanding and knowledge is a very good
ayalartn yaplnlp 'playing games, dancing, intellect'(?) 299.
singing, and clapping their hands'. D ketlik (gediik) Pass. Dev. N./A. fr. 1 ket-;
2 *kiide:- See kiide:gli:, kiide:n. 'notch, chip; notched, chipped', and the like.
Not noted before XIII(?);syn. \v. kertiik.
E koti- it is suggested in Iliien-ts., p. 25, note Survives in NC Ibr. ketlk 'gap, gappy', ete.;
146 that thls is a V. of which k o t u r - is the Kzx. k e t i k 'toothless' R 111130; Uar. kedik
Caus. f.; prima facie it is improbable that the ditto 1137: SW Osm., Tkm. gedik 'crack,
basic f. of a V. as common as kotiir- should be hreach, gap; gappy (teeth)', and the like. (Xak.)
IIap. leg., but the only suggested occurrence xr~r(?)Tef. k e d u k s l n u k translates lilrd min
of this V. is in Uyg. V I I I ff, Bud. (even since ftrrlic 'cracked, gappy' 169: KIP. xrv ketlk al-
Buddhism was brought from India, everyone -ofram 'with gappy teeth'; kettik a[-lalm 'gap,
respects the doctrine of the MahiiyHna; its notch' id. 78; kedtik al-lalma (and the V. fr.
method of meditation is sweet) q a x g a p a t l ~ g it is ked-) do. 79: xv rnutlam 'dented, notched'
y ~ p a r l a r lb u r a kotiyii [ t u r u r , uncertain] ketik Ttth. 33a 12; 35a 13; 48b. 11; (ketil-
Hiien-is. 146. there translated 'the odours of is der. fr. ketik do. 84a. 2).
its commandments rise fragrantly'. It is
prob. a misreading of kbpiirii, 'the fragrances D kiidak presumably Pass. Dev. N./A. fr.
of its commandments constantly and k u d - ; lit. 'something waited for, looked after',
froth9. hi^ is more probable than b t j d i y ~ hut used only in the phr. 19 kac_lfik meaning,
'dance'. rather vaguely, 'affairs, undertakings', and the
like. N.0.a.b. Ttirkii vruff. Man. igke
Dis. GDC kiidiigke (sic) t l l t a n ~ p 'being involved in
SF k u d e ~See kiizeq. (worldly) affairs' Clirras. 267: Uyg. V I I I ff.
Man. (if there are) ivler kiidtikler '~ffairs'(or
D k f i t k (9-) Hap. leg., but vulgar words like 'tasks', which give pain to mankind) T T II
this are us~lallyomitted fr. dicts.; Dim. f. fr. ,6, 44-s: ~ ~ thedphr,. is rather common u I
k6t. Xak. X I when a hov is abused he is called 34, 17-r8 (tegme:); TT v zo, 9; 24, 50-1,
k f i t l ~'you who stink like the buttocks' (pi7 etc, VI 79 (etiglig): ci,., i s kiidfik is
mrmtin kn'l-fomiinry); his ancestry is traced ,, T T 1 51, 72-3, etc,: x a k . al-J,l#
back to the backside (jjtmsab ild'l-hrhrrr) Kaj. eca.o'l-'amal 'business, undertaking, task1, and
1360. the like, is called 1:g klldtik (MS. kiiduk);
Dis. GDD , kiidiik is not used alone (ld ylfrad) but only
Dev. N. fr, ked-; lit. in the I-Iend. Kas. 1391: K B ukug birle
kedtit (8-) karnug ig kiidiik 'carry out all your under-
'something which you wear, wearing apparel'.
Pet. to Xak.; languages use other I)ev. takings with understanding' 161; (Aytoldl
N,s fr, esp, kedim. Xak. kedht 'any enquired into) k a m u g jg k g d u k 'everything
kind of (hull md plbas that was going on' ' 0 3 ~ ;a.0' z2z0.
minn'l-o?u>db), but used particularly in con- pu ?D ketki: ( ?ketgi:) Hap. leg. ; perhaps der.
nection with a wedding(fi'1-'cirs); that is the fr. 1 ket-, but -ki:/-gi: is not a nev.
female relatives (qartfbfit) of the bridegroom SUE. Xak. xl ketkj: a t nl-a'qnt mina'l-xayl
and bride put on (special) clothes in their horse with a hollow back and high hind-
honour (ikrd?na(?r) Iahrrm); hence one says quarters' KaS. 1430.
kediit b8rdi: 'he gave him ceremonial
clothing' (libcisa'L-karCma) Kng. I 3 5 7 : (under kedgii: (g-) Conc. N. fr. ked-; 'clothing'
'words formed with sufixed td') 'a suit of In a broad sense. N.o.a.b., cf. kedlm. Uyg.
clothes (nl-kisrua) is called kediit, taken from V I I I ff. Bud. (they provide people with useful
their word kedti: labisn'l-{azub I 12. 4. thin,gs) kedgii tonagu ulatl 'clothing (Hend.)
etc. 7'T VI 392: Xak. xr kedgii: 'clothing
D ketiit (g-) Flap. leg.; Active Dev. N./A. fr. (a[-nralbris) of any kind whatever' Kg. 1 4 3 0 :
1 ket- in the sense of 'causing wrinkles to K B 1264 (mugadtur-); a,o, 4773.
form'. Xak. XI ketiit kigi: al-racctltr'l-
-mutnqabba#u'l-'ulj~if 'a frowning, churlish PU kotki: 'hillock' or the like; n.0.a.b.;
man' Kay. I I 284. perhaps a 1.-w., there is no obvious Turkish
 D I S . V.
etymology. Uyg. vrrr ff. (if a man [gets lost] xrv kiiyewii: (one MS. adds 'also ktiyegli:')
in the mountains, forests, snowy deserts, al-'aris Id. 84 (misplaced, under kcif-ldm): xv
sanddunes, or) kotkide 'low hills' T T VI, &mP wa huwa'l-$ihr (!tornti is properly 'father-,
p. 74,l. 13: xrv Chin.-Uyg. Dict. 'high ground; or brother-, in-law') W y e w ; in margin in
plateau' k a t k i Ligeti 176; R 111281: Xak. xr second hand, 'also ktlyegi' Tuh. 1zb. 4; ,fihr
k8tki: al-tall mina'l-turcib 'an earth hill' Kaf. ktiyew; Tkm. kUyegii do. zza. 5; mis
1430: K B 21 (oprl:). ktiyew do. z4b. 10: O s m . xrv ff. gUyegti 'son-
in-law; bridegroom', and giiyegu o h 'thyme',
Dis. V. GDG- common down to XVIII T T S I1 481 ; I11 329;
I V 379: xvrtr giiyew otl, in RCmi, sa'tar
PU kedgir- n.0.a.b.; morphology and origin 'thyme', a mountain plant with narrow leaves
obscure; largely unvocalized in the MS. of hnd a sweet smell Son. 3 I 11. 9.
Kaj. Uyg. v r ~ rff. Bud. (the deer, pursued by
hunters) yiigtirii kediirerler 'run away in D kediikliig P.N./A. fr. keQUk; pec. to Kaj.
confusion' U I V 32, 13 (damaged); (the rich Xak. XI (after kediikliik) 'and its owner with
man running away from robbers in the dark, -g' Kay. I 508; kediiklUg 8lf:me:a 'the
fan into a dead tree and) y ~ l t ~ z l gkedglrip
a owner of a lubbcida who protects himself with
stumbling over its roots' (put one eye out on it does not get wet' 111256, 4 (the implicstion
a branch) T T I I I , p. 28, note 71, 3: Xak. X I of this prov. is that al-ltrbbcido means rather
a t kedgirdi: 'the horse ran away' (or wa3 un- 'felt waterproof clothing' than, more narrowly,
controllable', camaha) Kay. I1 196 (kedgire:r, 'a felt cap').
kedgirme:k).
D kedukltik Hap. leg.; A.N. (conc. N.) fr.
S kotgiir- See kortgiir-. kedUk. Xak. XI kediikliik kldiz 'felt used
for making waterproof clothing' (al-mimfar)
T r i s . GDC Ka$. 1508 (MS. kedukluk).
(D) ktide:gii: (g-) morphologically Dev. N. D kiidiikliig Hap. leg.; P.N./A. fr. Wdiik.
fr. *kude:-, cf. kiide:n; properly 'son-in-law' Xak. X I 1:*11g kudiikliig e r 'a man ~ h iso
in the sense of 'daughter's husband', in some engaged in business' (dzi i@l wa a m [ ) ;
NW languages 'younger sister's husband', but kiidiikliig is not used by itself (mufra&(n))
sometimes used, more indefinitely for 'bride- Kay. 1509.
groom'. A very old word; an early I.-w. in
Mong. as giirege(n) (Haenisch 52, fr. an inter- D kedguliik Hap. leg.(?) A.N. (Conc. N.) fr.
mediate f. *kiizegti); s.i.a.m.l.g. with many kedgti. Xak. XI K B y a r l n bolga eQgii
phonetic changes, NE Kq., Icoib., Sag., $or yegii kedguliik 'to-morrow you will have
ktize: R 11 1505; Alt. kiiyii; Tuv. kiide:: good food and clothing' 232.
SE Tiirki kuy: NC 1<1r.ktiy8:; Kzx. kiiyeu:
SC Uzb kuyov: NW Kk. kUyew; Kaz. Dis. GDL
klyaw; I<umyk giyev; Nog. klyev: SW Az. D kbtlllk (g-) A.N. (Conc. N.) fr. k8t; sur-
ktireken (sic; hlong. f.); Osm. gtivey; l k m . vives in SW Osm. g8tIUk 'saddlepad'. Xak.
giyev, k6:reken; Cuv. kerif 'the husband of XI kotliik a term of abuse (rabb) meaning 'you
my daughter, younger sister, or any younger effeminate creature' (yci muxannot); but it
female relative' Ash. VII 284. Cf. yezne:, really means 'one on whom sodomy is com-
and see Doerfer I 340. Uyg. vrrr ff. Bud. (the mitted' Kay. 14 7 8
marriage ceremony will be performed) k1z11
ktidegiilike 'for your daughter and son-in- Dis. V. GDL-
law' T T V I 344: (in a list of names) kiide- D kedil- (g-) Pass. f. of ke:d-; s.i.m.m.1.
giimiz 'our sons-in-law' (followed by several w. the same phonetic changes. Uyg. VIII ff.
hames) Pfahl. 23, 13: Civ. kiidegiim USp. Man.-A M I z1,3-5 (Uze:) Man. buzagu k h
61, 12: 0. Klr. rx ff. Mal. 3, 6 (1kl:z): Xak. a r s l a n k a kedilip 'a calf which is reincarnated
XI kiide:gii: xatan 'son-in-law' Kay. III 12
(yiiviiglllg); 111 166 (taya:k); n.m.e.: K R as a lion' M I 18, 3 (2); waxgegler kim
i k i k a d ~ ne r d i kiidegii iki 'two (of the Pro- a p a r kedilmig 'the spirits (Sogdian I.-w.)
which were reincarnated in him' Man.-wig.
phet's Companions) were his fathers-in-law,
two his sons-in-law' 50: xrrr(?) Tef. kiidegiil p g . 400, I : Civ. t o n iize ton kedlltl Saga
kiizegti 'son-in-law' 187: X I V Muh. al-sihr one garment after another was put on you'
'son-in-law' gii:ye:gii: Mfl. 49, 10; Rif. T T 1 149: Xak. X I to:n kedildi: 'the gar-
ment (etc.) was put on' (lubisa) KO;. 11 136
144: Gag. xv ff. kiiyew (with k-') gGyegii (kediltir, kedl1me:k): Fag. xv ff. keyil-
Vel. 376 (quotn.): kuyew (spelt) dGmdd 'son-
in-law' San. 311r. 8 (quotn.): Xwar. xrv pyida p d a n 'to be put on, worn' San. 302r. I.
kiidegii 'bridegroom' Qutb 105: Kom. XIV D ked1e:- Hap. leg.; Den. V. fr, keg. Xak.
'son-in-law' kiiyegti CCI; ktiy6v (also xr e r ked1e:di: ictahada'l-racul wa fo'alo
'bridegroom'), CCG; GI.: Ktp. xrrr al-~ihr fi'la'l-aqwiyd 'the man exerted himself and did
wa'l'aris ('br~degroom') kii:ye:gii (lybzne:) what strong men do' Kaj. III 299 (kegler,
Hotc. 32, 3; Tkm. al-za'tar 'thyme' kii:ye:gii ked1e:me:k).
0:tl: that is 'the bridegroom's herb', because
of its heating qualities and potency as an D kot1e:- ( 9 - ) Den. V. fr. k a t ; n.0.a.b. Xak.
aphrodisiac on the wedding night do. 9, 5: XI<ol) ogla:nlg kot1e:di: ncika'l-&/dm 'he
 DIS. V
committed sodomy with the boy' (etc.) Kay. own hack for lack c ~ af I>aggngcanimal' (min
I11 299 ( k o t l e : ~ . kot1e:me:k); Ktp. xrv qilla n~rililri)Kni. I 4 0 1
kotle- ista'mnla'l-rl~rbur 'to commit sodomy' D k&c!in (2-) I)c11. Adj./Adv. fr. *kk:;
Id. 79: xv .rnni!n 'to be effeminate' (or pathic?) twhind , usonlly frf I>lnce, Icss often of tinlc,
(tokle-; Hap. Iep., !metathesis of)/kotle- 'afterwards'; whrn uscd to dcscril)c one of the
Ti~h.rga. 9 (also tnxortna!a toklen-Ikhtlen- cardinal points in the early period 'westwards.
gb. to). to the west' in thc array bawd on the rising
I> kiltlet- (g-) Caus. f. of kot1e:-; n.0.a.b. sun (cf. iigdun), nnri 'north~vardq, to the
Xak. X I 01 ogla:nlg kotletti: ancha'l-gtrlfirn north' in the array based nn the midday sun
'he made the boy (etc.) submit to sodomy' (cf. kiintliit~). In the ~eopraphicnl usage
Kaj. I 1 348 (kotletii:r, kot1etme:k): Klp. sornetirr~cstreated as a N. and given Suffs.
x ~ kiitleddi:
v (sic) faqqo'a 'to break or burst' In the medieval period s~~rnetitnesspelt
('I'rans.) Id. 79 (seems to belong here; faqqa'a ke:din, this wns etymnlogically an error, but
may have some unrecorded sexual meaning). may have been a popular pronunciation which
led to the evnlittion k k d l n > keyin > keyn;
the final form may have been no more thnn a
Dis. GDM mis-spelling or mispronunciati<~nof ke:n, q.v.
1) keditn ( 8 - ) N.S.A. fr. ke:cj-; lit. 'a s i n ~ l e T h e N E forms, lciicr., !$or kezln; KC.,Koih.,
act of putting on', in practice 'a garment'; S;tg. kPzin; Alt.. I.el>., 'I'cl. ki:n 'txhind;
svn. w. to:n. S.i.m.m.1. as keyim/kiyim/ hinder part; l~ack(wards)'R II I 176, t 344 and
ki:m; SWOsm. g e y i m l g l y l m ;'I'km. geyim. NC Klr. kiyin 'after, afterwards'; Kzx. keyln
Cf. kedut, keduk, kedgli:. T u r k u V I I I (his 'backwards; 1)ellintl; after' suggest that this
f3rourite charger \\,as a grey horse,) k e d l m evolution did take pl:~cc. I l y a . V I I I $ t i . E 9
[gap] Ix. 4: U y R vrrr ff. Bud. a r t g t o n (tduk): V I I I ff. Man.-A kedin in M I z r , 2 (ii)
k e d i m l e r i g kedip 'putting on clean clothes seems to rncan 'afterwards': Chr. M 111 48, I
(fiend.)' U I1 42. 32-3; a.0. TT V I I l 0.38 (v) ( b a t s l k ; 'westwards'): Bud. occasionally
(to:n): Xak. X I KU yktiirse iqiirse kediirse 'behind', c,g. (letting his long hair loose)
kedini (a general) 'should provide food, drink, k e d i n a r k a s ~ n t a'down his back' U I1 25, 15
and clothing' 2280; e g i n k e k e d i m 'clothes -usually in a directional sense kkdin: ( I )
for one's back' 3664; a-o. 4773: XIII(?)At. 'westwards' T T V I 83-5, '291; Stin. 466,
167-8 (to:n); Tef. k e d i m 'clothing' 169, 308 5-10; PI' 1 3 , 7 (ogdiin); (2) northwards' T T
(to:n): X w a r , XIV k e d i m t o n l a r Qutb 93. VI 94-5 (ogdun); u c a y a n baltk khdlninte
'to the west of the city of Ujjayini' U I V 8,
D ketme:n (g-) Dev. N. (N.I.). fr. I k e t - ; 'a 1-2: Civ. k6din 'westwards' T7'I 6, 142-3;
mattock'. S.i.a.m.l.g. with some phonetic USp. 109, 8-10; a.o.0. in T T V I I : X a k . XI
chanpes and extended meanings; in S W Osm. k k d l n t e l i m okundl: 'then (jtrmma) he was
g e d m e n 'a atotle-tnnson's pick' Snnti 1152, very repentant' I zoo. 18; n.0. I 225, 17
Ht.d. t s 3 r Uyg. vlrr R. Civ. (in a list of fnrrn (odaar-)-kC:clin 'behind' (xa/fa(n)) 11 25
property; one horse, otic hull, one cow) b i r (kal-)-i:q k6:tllge: 'the consequences of the
kPtmcn 'one mattock' USp. 5 5 . 10: Xak. xr nctio11' I1 142 ( b a k ~ n - )n.rn.e.
; : KB (Thou art
ketme:n 'a mattock' (01-nti'znq) with which hefr>rc all others) s e n Bgdun kedln 'Thou art
the ground is dug up (yu'znq) Knp. I 444: in front and hehind' 8 ; n.o. 18-(the Prophct
Gag. s v tf. k b t m e n 'a spade (or mattock, hi[) was in front of all lcaders and) kkdln bold1
with which they dig ctp the groilnd' Son. t n m g a k a m u g s a v p k a 'was after, and be-
71zr. 13. catne the seal of all the prophets' 45; kbdin
keldeqike 'to those that come after' 192;
T r i s . V. GDM
m e n i g d e kkdin 'after I have died' 1217 (the
D k e d i m l i g (g-) P.N.jA. fr. k e d i m ; s.i.s.m.1. Fergana MS. consistently has k f d i n , the Cairo
with the same phonetic changes. In vrrr it MS. k f d i n ) : SIII(?) A!. okiinmez k6din
proh. meant 'wearing protective clothing', 'and is not sorry afterwards' 114; six 0.0.-
linen armour, and the like. T u r k i i vrrI (first he gives you honey to taste) k k d i n r e k
(thirdly, Kul TCgin mounted) Yegensilig 'and later' (poison) 208 (the Ar. script MSS.
begig k e d l m l i g t o n g a t 'Yegensilig Beg's habituallv have kedlt~/kbtlin); Tef. k@in
annoured bay horse' I E 33: U y b v r r ~b6g (sic) 'behind; after, afterwards' 169: xlv Rbg.
yuz kecjimlig y a d a g '500 lightly-armoured k k d i n 'after' (with Ahl.) R 11 1138 (quotns.):
( ? )infantry' $ti. S 9. F a g . xvff. keyn ('with k-') ord . . pas .
tna'ndsina 'behind, thereafter(?)'; keyin atdtn-
Dis. GDN don VPI. 354 (quotns.); keynlkeyin (both
spelt) 'uqab 'hinder part, behind' Sari. 302r. 6 :
V i ~ l ? L )keten Hap. Icg.; so vocnlized in the X w a r . xrv kedin/k&din(sic) 'after, afterwards'
hIS, hut if it is a Dev. N. fr. 1 k e t - in the sense Qttrb 93-6: N(~hc.29, 17.
of 'lwing chipped, cracked', which seems a
possible etvlnologv of the word, k e t i n might 1) kiide:n I>ev. N. i t > -n fr. *kiide:-; cf.
have been-espected. Syn. \v. k u k . Xak. xr kiide:gii:; ( I ) 'entertainment, feast', originally
keten nl-mihnn 'hardship, distress'; hence one perhaps specifically 'wedding feast'; (2) 'a
savs of a destitute man (of-rntimfoJmn) keten guest'. N.0.a.b. Uyg. VIII ff. Bud. kliden
k6rdi: kere:ku: yiidtl: 'he was so badly off 'guest' I'P 69, 3 (1 iir); Wien-ts. 2 0 6 e 2
that he had to carry his tent frarne\vork on his (thriqtiir-): Civ. (if you sneeze In the evening)
 706 DIS. v. GDR-
k6ter- brrrdon 'to carry off, remove' Son. 31 I v. Nahc. 106, 8 ff.: Kom. xrv 'to raise; to takc
I 5 (quotns. ; there is much confusion in Son. arvay; to he pregnnnt with' kiiter-/kBtlr-/
between kbter- and k6tUr-, due perhaps to kotiir- CCI, CCG; Gr. 156 (quottis.): KIP.
the fact that blrrdnn also means 'to carry'; xrrr rafa'a kiitiir- Ilo~r. 36, 7; jdlo kotiir-
Son. adds here 'in R~iwti goter-'): X w a r . do. 41,6: slv kiitiir- !ratnn/nIrl. 78: x v kiitiir-
xrv ketir- 'to remove' Qtrtb 97; MN 150: 11omaln ran nujofo ('to ahsorh') Kav. 9, 18; 74,
Kom. srv 'to remove' ketir- CCG; Gr. 8 ; Trrh. 1311. 5 ; fClo rco lrnmala kotiir- du.
142 (quotn. ; perhaps to be assigncd to ketilr-): 21 h. I : Osm. xrv ff. glitiir- 'to move, remove,
K I P . xrrr zZ11a 'to remove' ketiir- (sic) Hou. carrv, lift'; c.i.a.p. TT.5'1327; 11457; 111313;
40, I 4 ; na!~!~ci rnin izdlati'l-JOY' nrin makdnihi I v 358.
ketiir- (sic) do. 44, 4: xv keter- ndltaba'l-py',
rntrtn'nddi'to reniove something', Cjlus. Kav. 9, 1) kii:ttiir- (g-) IInp. leg. ?; Carts. f. of kii:cj-;
18; 76, 4: Osm. srvff. gider- to remove, Xak., hut in a meaning rlescrihed 11)- Knf. as
destroy, dismiss'; comnion T T S I 3 r r ; 11436; O@uz XI 01 a g a r ko:y kii:ttiird~: 'he made
I I I 397; I v 341. hit11 tend (nr'<ih~t)
t l ~ cslie~p'(etc.) K q . I I I 187
(kii:ttiirUr, kii:tliirme:k),
S ketiir- See keltiir-.
kotiir- (kotiir- ;g-) 'to lift up, raise',with vari- 1) kedril- Iinp. let..; I'ass. f. of kedir-; un-
vocalized throuphn~tt. X:lk. xr ko:y kedrildi:
ous extended nleanitigs; prima facie a Caus. f., q~r~ldati'l-jdttninn'l-qrtcli<l 'the sheep('s Ilesh)
but no convincirtg etyrnctlogy based on this was cut illto strips' kilj. I I 237 (keprilii:r.
hypothesis has yet been suggested. S.i.a.m.l.g., kedri1me:k).
often in such forms as k8ter-, which point to
an original kot6r- (the form in NC Ihr.); NW D kedriil- Hap. leg.?; Pass. f. of kedilr-.
Kurnyk goter-: SW Osm. giitiir-; Tkm. Xak. xr to:n ke?irilldl: 'the garment (etc.)
goter-. See k6:ter-. T u r k u vrrl (Heaven) was put on' (Itrbisa) Knf. II 237 (kedriJlU:r,
yiigerii: k6tii:rmig erinq 'must have raised kedriilme:k).
up' (my father and mother) I E 11, II E 10;
similar phr. do. 25,., 21: V I I I ff. Man. D kiitritl- (g-) Pass. f. of kotiir-; s.i.s.m.l.
basrn (sic) y o k a r u koturiip 'raising his head' but usually as a Tris.; SW Osln, giituriil-;.
M 1 6 , 2: Uyg. vrrr ff. Man.-A [gap] e m g e k Tkm. goteril- Uyg. vrlr ff. Bud. [Sanskrit lost]
kotiirmeyin 'let me not (have to) bear the a:tc (spelt a:dl~i) kotrolmi!j 'whose name is
painof(?)'MI16,1q (ii): Man. a r k u l u g t a g ~ g exalted' (a common epithet of the Buddha) 1'T
kotiiriip 'raising the mountain surrounded by VIII A.22; dy 107; USp. 60 11a 10 etc.: Civ.
valleys' T T I X 77: Chr. kotiiru u m a d l l a r a t i g kiig kotriilgey (MS. by inadvertance Kot-
'they could not lift' (the storle) U I 8. 2: Bud. liirgey) 'your name and fame will he exnlted'
kotiirii altp 'lifting nnd taking' (the demon's TT I 43: (Xak.) X I I I ( ? At.) kbdin kiinde
daughter to his bosom) U 11 25, 17; (the wind) x n y r ig m e ktitriilgiiluk 'in the 1,ast I>ay
kiitiirii eltip 'lifting and carrying off' TT V good deeds shall he exalted' 390; Tef. k6tii-
lo, 85; t a m u d a k l e m g e k l n tukel kljtiirlir rU1- 'to be raised; to I)c rctnovcd' (ft-on1some-
'lie endurcs all the pains of hell' T T VI 446; where Abl.) 187: Xwnr. xrv kiitriil- 'to be
0.0. do. 451; VII 40, rqr; X 125; USp. ~ o g b . raised' Qrrtb 104: Kom. srv 'suspended, hutig
4 etc.: Xak. X I e r yuk kotiirdi: 'the man up' ktitiiriilnlig C C I ; G r . : O s m . srv to xvt
carried the load' (~torrrnlo'l-[~inrl);also used of glitriil-lgiittiriil- 'to he retnovcd, put aside';
a woman when she is pregnant (!ranrilnt) Koj. in several texts T T S I1 457; 1113 12; I V 358.
I1 75 (katiirar, k8tiirme:k; prov.); a.0.o.; D kedrig- Hap. leg.; Co-op, f. of kedir-:
K B (he subdued the enemy and) kottirdi fully vocalized. Xak. X I 01 maga: e t ke?ri$di:
Bziin 'raised himself up' l o r ; (keep those who
'he helped me to cut the skinned meat
love him safe and) yngisln kotiir 'remove his
enemies' I 17; korii$mez yagilar kotiirdl into strips' (hi-taqdidi'l-rnaslris) KO$.I1 222
(kedrigii:r, ke?ri$me:k).
oqin 'enemies who do not see one another get
rid of mutual malice' 145; bu kiiqgey kiiqini D kedriig- (9-) liap. leg. ; Recip. f. of kediir-.
bodun kBtriimez 'the people cannot endure Xak. s r ola:r Ikki: to:n k c d r u ~ d i 'they
: two
the violence of tlie violent man', 2030; a.o.0. dressed one another' (n/hn.cn . . . ~orr~h) Kay. II
(common in all these shades of meaning): 222 (kedriigii:~,kedrugme:k).
xrrl(?) At. d q s b kotriir a j u n 'this world
wears a veil' (and from time to time uncovers D k6trug- (g-) Hap. leg.; Co-op. f. of kotiir-.
its face) 221; klitriir idi 'God raises' (the Xak. xr 01 m a p : )%k kiitriigdl: 'he helpcd
humble) 281; 0.0. 242 (uzal-), 332, 447; Tef. Ine to lift ( j i rafa') the load' (etc.) K,zc I1 222
kbtiir-; 'to lift, to carry' 187: x ~ A41rh. v ol- (kotriigii:r, k6triigme:k).
-i!llimdl 'to carry' gotiirmek Met. 13, 12 (and
35, 14 v.1.); Rif. 89; hamnla tca rofo'o ('to T r i s . GUR
lift') go:tur-, 25, I I : 108; $(iln 'to lift' ditto D k6tirti: (g-) Ilap. leg.; Adv. fr. fkC:;
27, 9; 110; al-raf' g a t i i r m e k 36, 5 ; 122: 'behind, in the reor'. Uyg. vrrr tT. Civ. T T I
Gag. xv ff. koter- (-giig, -di) gcitiir- Vel. 122 (tepre:-).
363; kiiter- (spelt) bar ddgton 'to raise, pick
up, carry off', etc. Son. 3 0 2 ~ . 27 (quotns.): D kiitiirgii: (g-) IIap. leg.; Conc. N. fr.
Xwar. X I I I kliter- 'to raise, remove, cany off' kotiir-. Xak. X I kotDrgii ol-ntinqnla 'a
'Ali 7, 24: xrv koter-/kl)tiir- ditto Qt~tb104; means of transport' Knp. I 490.
 T r i s . V. GDR- 'keep a firm guard (ihfat . . . fifz tadid) on
L) kediirse:- (8-) Ifap. leg.; I.)csid. f. of your tonjilre' III 43, 20; ars1a:n karr:sa:
kedilr-. Xak. X I 01 maga: to:n kedtirse:di: a1gga:n iitln k6de:zu:r 'when a lion grows
'he wished to dress me' (yaksrini'l-jawb) Koy. old it watches (yurtofid) the mouse's hole'
111332 (kedllrse:r,,kedurse:me:k). 111 263, 5: K B k6dez- is fairly corr.mon in
two senses; ( I ) 'to watch over, protect', t.g.
1) k8tilrse:- (g-) Hap. leg.; Desid. f. of ilHhi kodezgll m e n i g kBglUmi '0 God,
k8tiir-; quoted only as a gralnnlatical example. protect my mind' 47; 0.0. 384, 1271; (2) 'to
Xak. X I e r yilk k6tiirse:di: 'the man wished keep under control' 167 (I tl:$), 600 (2 yaz-),
to carry the load' (yahmilu'l-/tinil) Kay. I 280, 967, 2346: XIII(?)At. ti1 kadezmek 130, 157;
19; n.m.e. kadez ayH diist u l u g l a r h a q q ~ n'my friend,
respect the rights of mighty ones' 345.
Dis. V. GUS-
1) kktig- (g-) Recip. f. of k k t - ; s.i.s.m.1.; T r i s . GDZ
SW Osm., 'l'knl. gidrg-; hut this V. in Osm. D kidizge:k Hap. l e q ; Den. N./A. fr. kldlz.
in thc sense of 'to itch' is a Sec. f. uf the Co-op. 'felt-like; of the consistency of felt'. Xak. X I
f. of k1qi:-. Uyg. V I I I ff. Civ. (you shoultl kidizge:k ka:gu:n 'a rnclon that has lost its
quickly h e c ~ m ~ associated
e xvith the well- freshnc~s(tnrC~ua)and Irecome just like felt'
disposed and) t e r k opkeqi k6tiggLigl 'and (ka'l-libd ma!ala(n)) Kay. I1 290.
separate yourself from the quick te1npert:d'
7'7' VII 17, 23 (the granltnar is very rugged; D kidiziig Hap. leg. ?; P.N.]A. fr. kidiz. Xak.
transl;ltcd fr. Chincne): Xak. X I o l a r bi:r X I (after kidizlik) and with -g (i.e. kidizlig)
ekind1:dl:n ketlvdi: 'they pnrtcd (tafnrraqn) 'one who owns (fclt)' Knj. 1507.
from one another' Kay. I1 89 (ketivii:r,
ketigme:k; so vocalized). D kidlzlik Hap. leg.; A.N. (Conc. N.) fr.
kidiz. Xak. XI kidizlik yug 'wool destined
D kiidiig- IIap. leg.?; Recip. f. of ku:d-. to be made into felt' (01-libd) Kay. I 507.
Xak. X I ola:r bi:r bi:rig klidiivdi: 'they
waited (inta~ara)for one another' Kaj. 1194 D kodezlig Hap. leg.; abbreviated N.1A.S.
(kUdii$U:r, ktidiigme:k; MS. everywhere fr. kodezil-; such N.1A.S.s fr. Tris. V.s are
-d-). very rare, and the precise form of this one was
Dis. GDZ prob. devised to suit the metre. Xak. XI KB
s e v u k r e k a b n e r kigenlig t u t a r kereklig
kidiz 'felt'. S.i.a.m.1.g. except S W (where the a t t n k o r kadezlig t u t a r 'a man keeps his
Oguz word 1 keqe:, q.v., is used) in a wide favourite horse hobbled, but his ordinary
variety trf forms ranging fr. NE Tuv. kidis working horse he (merely) keeps under obser-
to NW 1<1c. k i : ~with klyiz as the commonest vation' 315.
form. Tiirkii V I I I ff. IrkB ;3 (ur-): TJyg.
V I I I ff. Civ. (in n contract; os I rccluired') T r i s . V. GDZ-
kidlz 'a felt' USp. 63, 2; a.o. do. 79, 11-12 D kodezil- Pass. f. of kodez-; n.0.a.b.; cf.
(uyukluk): Xak. xz kidiz a/-libd 'felt' KO$. kiidezlig. Xak. X I K R (keep your tongue
I 366; six 0.0.: K B 4442 ("2"'): x ~ vMtth. under control and) kodezlldt bag 'vour head
01-hrbhrid 'fclt' gi:yiz Mcl. 67, 15; k1:yiz Rif. is protected' 176; a.0. 1271: xirr(?) At.
168: Gag. xv ff. kiz ('with k-') kege 'felt' Vel. kodezilse b u ti1 kihjezliir 6zug 'if your
357 (quotn.); k l z 'felt' (nanrod), in Ar. libd tongue is kept under control, you yourself are
Son. 314'. 7 (same quotn.): X w a r . xlv klyiz protected' t 58.
'felt' Qtrtb 98; Nahc. 3 1 , 7: K o m . xlv 'felt'
klyiz C C I ; Gr.: Klp. ~ I I Ial-lirbbdd kiylz
(or ki:z?) ZIorr. 17,4: xrv (under kdf zdi) k l : ~
ditto Id. 82: a.0. do. 79 (1 keqe:): xv ditto k e k practically syn. w. 1 o : and
~ in the early
kiz nrh. 31b. lo. period generally used in Hend. m. it; originally
prob. 'nialice, spite, secret hatred'; thence 'a
Dis. V. GDZ- desire for revenge', and finally 'revenge' and
other extended meanings. Survives as k e k in
S kildez- 'to watch over' and the like; n.0.a.b. N C Klr., Kzx.: S C Uzb. and several NW
Unquestionably a metathesis of kozed-, q.v.; languages. Uyg. VIII ff. Man. TT I 1 17, 84-5
the semantic similarity with kiid- is purely (1 6 ~ ) Bud.
: U I1 23, 13-14 (1 6 : ~ ) :Xak. XI
coincidental, since morphologically the two k e k at-hiqd 'malice'; hence one says 6cliig
words could not be connected. Xak. XI 01 keklig kigi: sdhibu'l-hiqdwa'l-ia'r 'amalieious,
maga: kilflezdi: 'he looked after (the thing) revengeful man' Kay. I1 283 (the following
for my sake' (hafara'l-yay' li-acli); and one word vocalized w. a faf/~a is kiik); I 4 3 and
says 01 meni: kildezdi: intaqarani 'he waited 230, 4 (1 6 : ~ ) :K B 2313 (1 6 : ~ ) : Kom. xrv
for me' (or 'looked for tne'); this V. is con- 'hatred' kek C C G ; Gr.
structed from (tubnd 'an) both (concepts) al-
-!rifz and a/-inti~cir;its origin is k6:z attl: 'he P U ke:h Hap. leg.; an Exclamation. At the
cast his eyes' on something to look after it; this end of the section containing this and similar
is also in the V. kilzetti: Kaj. 1186 (k6de:ziir M0n.s Kay. says that they are pronounced. . .
(sic), kii4ezme:k); tegri: meni: kodezdi: k e h . . . in rapid speech, but not in writing and
iiafozani'lldh 11162, 6 ; yavlak kndez tlllgnl: that the -h is (silent) like the Wu'l-islirGha
 17: Chr. U 1 8 , 13 (tcgl:): Bud. (my younger m e a n i n ~obscure; it is not therefore possihle
brother) kSk teorike yoklaaay 'will (meta- to say whether k6:k in this phr. has one of its
phorically) rise as high as heaven' P1'57,z; a.o. normal meanings. Xak. X I k6:k ayu:k (spelt
do. 61, 4 ; tistiln kokdekl 'situated ahove in as one word, but immediately follows 4 k8:k)
the sky' TT VIZ 40, 11-12; 0.0. U 11 37, 53-4 'the title given to the headmen of villages and
etc. (ka11k)-k6k linxwa 'a hlue lotus' P P Tiirkmcn (tribes)' (akdbirafu'l-rasGtiq wa'l-
38, 1-2; Strv. 347, .8; (he drew mortals) -irrrkmdn) Kay. I11 133: K B (hear the words
s a n f i a r l ~ gkok titigdin 'out of the grey mud of) bilir kiik a y u k 'the wise headman' 2644;
of the cycle of rebirths' (Sanskrit ronisdra) (in a passage about the appointments open to
TT V 26, 85-8; a.n.o. mainly for 'blue' persons at the royal court; some become
and thc like: Civ. T T 1 23 (u$-): S I V oge:) k a y u kok ayukluk tize a t a l u r 'some
Chin.-Uyg. Dirt. R 11 240 (kaltk): 0 . Klr. receive the title of 'headman' 4067 (some
rx ff. ( I havc parted from) kok tegrkde: kiin Inan$ beg, yagrl beg, k u l erkin(?) or yav11
a:y 'the sun and moon in the blue sky' Ma/. beg).
10, 3; 45, 5 : Xak. X I kii:k ('with -k') a/-sanrd'
'the sky' (prov.); kii:k to:n 'a dark grey V U F 1 kii:g son^, melody', and the like;
(nkhoh) gnrnment'; also m y eolour (lnwn) like I.-w. fr. Chinese ch'ii, Middle Chinese k'jok,
the colour of thc sky; and one says kend 'song' (Gilts 3,062). Survives in most N E
kii:kl: 'the suhurhs (sopcad) of a town, referring languages; NC KIT., I<zx.; S C Uzh. as kii,
to the Creennrss (xrrflrn) of the trees Knf. 111 k u g , kiiy; 1.-w. in Pe. as klik in such phr. as
132; the Turks say k6p k6:k fix ajharm'l- kiik kardan 'to tune (an instrument)'. Uyg.
-miqhn'rt'l-lncvn 'rlnrk dust-coloured', and the y r r ~ff. Man. tukedi Afrin C o r Tegin k u g i
Oijuz say k o m k6:k; kii:k is 01-nkhnb 1328, here ends Afrin Cor Tdgin's hymn' M 11 8,
19-20; ko:k t e m u r 'hlue (01-nzroq) iron' 19; a.o.(?) do. 7, 1-2 (takgut): Xak. XI ku:g
1 361, 26; a.0. do. 362, 9 ; I11 162 (cawit); ('with -gV)'arvd~'I-ji'r 'the metre of a poem';
a.o.0. for 'sky': KZ3 ya$11 k o k 'the blue sky' one says bu: yl:r ne: ku:g iize: 01 'what is the
3, 1002-(the dry trees clothe themselves in metre of this poem?' (jazal): kU:g 'the tune
green ( y a $ ~ l ) ,crimson, scarlet, yellow), kok of a song' (al-laizrt fi'l-gind); hence one says
'blue' (and red) 67; a.o.0. in both senses: e r ku:glendI: .#and1[-rant1 bi-lahn Iahu 'the
xrrr(?) Tef. kiik 'heaven' (and earth) 182: xrv man sang a song in its (right) tune'; (in a verse,
Muh. hzraqu'l-qatnif 'in a blue shirt' ko:k misplaced after 3 ku:$) kii:gler k a m u g
to:nlt: Mel. 11, I ; Rif. 84; al-ozraq k o k ; tiiziildi: waqa'ati'l-muwhfaqa bayn alhdni'l-
,vndidu'l-zurqa g6:m go:g (sic) 68, 4-8; 168 -kind' 'harmony has been established between
(k6:m ko:k); al-samd' go:g (sic); al-macarra the tunes of the songs' Kaf. 111 1 3 1 : Fag.
'the Milky Way' go:g yo:ll:; qaws quzhh 'rain- xv ff. k u k ('with k - -k') sdz qalmk 'playing
bow' g6:g ya:yl: 78, 16; 183:(Cag. see Osm.): a musical instrument, or a tune' Vel. 369
O a u z XI kiim an Intensifying Particle (barf (quotns.); k u k (between 3 kok and 1 k6k)
micbdligo) for a/-lawnit'/-aghar, onc says k6:m (2) dhnng-i sdz 'the tuning of a musical instnl-
k6:k 'dark dust-coloured' 1 338; a.o. 1 328 ment' Sun. 3 0 7 ~ .14 (quotns.; the para. ends
{Xak.): Xwar. X I V kiik 'green' Qrrth 100; by saying that in Pe. the word means ( I )
heaven' h f N 38, ctc.; Kom. X I V kok 'sky' 'lettuce'; (2) ' c o u ~ h ' ;(3) 'dome').
C C G ; 'blue' C C I ; Gr. 150 (quotns.): KIP.
xrrr 01-sa~nd'k 6 k rva hrc~a'l-azmqHoic. 5 , I ; VU 2 ku:g immediately follows the two entries
nl-ozraq kiik do. 3 I , 3; tawkid wasfifi'l-azraq of 1 ku:g, and is prub. merely an extended
koz k6:k (sic) do. 31, 7: XIV k o k al-azraq meaning of that word, since there is a similar
combination of meanings in Khak. Xak. X I
u9a y~r!laq 'ald'l-ramd' Id. 83: ko:k yolu:
01-macarra do. 83 ;ktim kok al-jndidu'l-zurqa; kii:g the word for any 'joke' (ad/rrtka) which
its origin wa kiip k o k do. 84: al-snmd' kok circulates among the people of any town during
B d . 2, I I : xv they say k o m k o k fi ta'kidi'l- some year and is passed from mouth to mouth;
-zirrqa Kaci. 5 , 7; 01-sonui' kti:k. . . mn'l-azraq hence one says bu: yrl ku:g keldi: 'this
minn'l-aluGn do. 58, 2 ; ozraq ki3k Tith. 4a. z ; year's joke has arrived' Kaf. I11 131.
83b. 6; sama' k o k do. 18b. 7; lrizward 'lapis ?D 3 kii:g no doubt Dev. N./A. fr. kik-;
lazuli' kiik berez do. 38b. 13: O s m . xrvff. survlves only(?) in N C Kzx.kiiy 'the tending
g o k 'blue', etc.; c.i.a.p. TTS 1 316; I1 444; of livestock'; this word also means 'the con-
111 304; IV 348: X V I I I gijg (SOspelt) in Rltrci dition of livestock', which may belong here,
( I ) sabzn wa iilnng 'vegetation, meadow'; (2) or be an attenuated meaning of 4 ku:g. Xak.
rarrg-i kablid 'l~luc' (quotn.), for 'intensely XI kii:g yllkt: al-dhhbatu'l-msrtiha a c m '
blue' g o g g 8 m e k ; (3) asmdn 'sky' (quotns.); 'cattle driven out to pasture in a herd' Kaf.
(4) metaph. as an expression for 'cauterization' I11 I31 (followed by a verse illustrating
(rtizdndan d 3 ) for which they burn blue paper 1 ku:g).
Son. 307v 19 (the quotns. are in CaR., the
'Rtimi'may refer to the spelling g a g , not to the 4 kU:g survives in the NC Klr. phr. kii:gii
word itself); gBm gag (so spelt) 'intensely kel- (of sheep and other female animals) 'to
blue', also called g 6 g giimek 309v 10 (not be on heat, ready to he mated'; Kzx. kUg (see
described as Rrimi, hut the spelling suggests it). 3 kii:g) seems to have the same meaning, cf.
ktiyl6- (of cattle, sheep and dogs) 'to mate'
VU 5 k6:k in the phr. k o k nyu:k; pec. to R 11 1420. Xak. yr kii:g sifddit'l-kahf rua'l-
Xsk. .Ayu:k is otherwise unknown, and its -mrrxrif f i aeud~rilrigttf~po(n), 'the mating of
rams and wild an~innlsin thc matlnr seasrln I'c. l;ricrr~i/hriiid 'papcr'. S u r v i \ r s in N I
in \\-inters;hence one says ko:y ku:gi: boldl: I<o~hk , e g d e 'thick papel' R IT 1065. UyR.
'the matine season for shccp. (etc.)
. . has arrived' VIII ff. Hud. (write the dhdrn!r~ on birch bank,
Knr. III 1 . i ~ (palni leaves) k e g t l e d e 'paper' (linen o r a
wooden tahlct) I 1 I1 70, q ( ~ i )0.0.; T T VI 202;
PlJ 5 ku:g IIap. leg. in hoth scnscs; for 'rust' S,,,,, 6 , 8-fJ ( 2 *ko:fi): ~ i \ , ,M I l s O (1 tag),
the ordinary words are b a s and 2 t a t ; thcre 152; 7-7. V I , z 5 , 1z (kegede),
is no ecnerallv a c c e ~ t e d 'I'urkish word for
'frcckld'; S W b s m . ises qi:l, b u t rnost lan-
gtlapcs use words derived, \\.ith some phonetic
chnnpes, fr. hlong. srhgiil. Xnk. X I ku:g 'the
rustt(ol-lib'; h1S. fob') which fomrs on the sur- 1) k e k t e $ - Itccip, f. of kcktc:- (which sur-
face of a mirror; hence one says kBzguke: vives in N C Klr.), Ilcn. V. fr, k e k . Survivrs
ku:e tiigtl: 'preeness (01-xrtdm) and rust have in N C lizx. X e k , S I o l a : r ikki: kektegdl:
iorrlicd on the si~rfacrof the nrirror': kU:$ tnlrciqnd,i 'thtlsr two ccrrctly liatrd n n r anothrr'
'Crrckles' (01-knlnfn) \ \ h i c i ~nppcar on thc faces Kng. II zzz (kcktegii:r, kekte$rnc:k).
of wonlen (etc.) h - n ~ .I11 132.
S k i i k t r g - See 1 koklcg-
PC1 k u k (or 6 k u g ? ) 'st~ffcrinp, distress';
prnh. n.0.a.h.; R 11 1417 notes a NC Kzx.(?) ' r r l s . 1'. GGII-
phr. kiiy k o r - 'to suffcr pain, r)r distress', hut
there is no other trace of it and there are in I) kiiketjtur- 'to exalt, p r a i ~ cto the skics';
N C several words with a similar meaning Caus. f. of *kiike:c_l- Intranc. I l r n . V. fr.
which go back to kiiri-. Scc k u k m e k . U y c . 4 k6:k, which would presu1nal)ly have rncant
V I I I ff. Civ. kijziig iqinde k i i k y o k kBgultig 'to go u p to the sky' o r the like. N.o.a.b.
iqinde kac_lgu: y o k 'thcre i? no pain in your U y e . V I I I ff. Bud. n o m e r m e z i g n o m 01 tCp
eyes or anxiety in your mind' T T I 144-5: k o k e d t u r t l u t n e r s e r 'if I have praised false
X a k . X I k u k (rnisvocalizcd kek) nl-mihnn doctrine to the skies saying that it is the true
'distress, sufferins'; hence one says k i i k (ditto) doctrine' St/r3. 137, 2-3; a.0. do. 1 3 5 , 11
kordi: e r 'the man suffcrrd pain' (imiahann) (kod~kartur-).
Kog. I1 283; k u k (so vocalized) k o r d i : Dis. CGG
kere:kli: yiicjti: 'he was so badly off (ra'd'l-
-millno) that he had to carry his t ~ n framework
t k e k u k some kind of 1)ird of prey; the idcntity
on his own hack' 1448, I (cf. keten). of the zlrninrnc is uncertain, Nnr1ns 'a reddish
falron'; Stringosr 'a species of c n ~ l e ' . N.a.a.h.
M o n . V. G G - T i i r k i i vrrr f f . Irlrll z3 (bul-): Xek. xr kekiik
nl-,-rtrrrtnoc, R bird the bones of which are used
I'LT k i k - Hap. leg., but see kikgiir-; as this in conji~rntin~rs2nd sorcerv ( , f i ' l - n ~ ~ r i n r i y n 1
\vc~rd appt.ars amonp the Ililitterals with two r c . ~ ~ ' I - c r r7rr1
~ ~ vrrrqrtyntuhA,
~t sic) k-ni. II z87.
nf thc same consonants thc fir~;xlis likely to
Ilc - k - althni~rrlrthe rerf. Suff. is given as ' h i s , Gc;G
-di:: qyn. \v. bile:-, ctc. X a k . sr ( e r ) b1qc:k
kikcii: 'the man sharpme<l (asnrltro) the knife 1) kiikr:gii:n 'Irorcc-fly' :rnd the likc; prr-
and whettrd (n~nnrrn) onc (knife) against s~rnrnl)l!. I>c\r. N. fr. *knkr:-, 1)c.n. V. fr. 4
nnother' K n ~ .I 1 293 (kike:r, kikme:k). ko:k, in the sense of 'son~cthinpwhich is sky-
colourcd, blue'. S.i.s.tn.l. ill NE, NC, NW,
D i s . GGE usually as kvkii:n/kiigii:n 'horse-fly, gad-fly'.
X n k . X I koke:gii:n al-'ntttnm, rualrrca hrbfil)
V l l S kiikii: See kiikiiy. nzruq ' n blue fly' Knf. II 287 (prov.); am. I
188 (ortu:, same prov.): G a g . sv ff. g o g c y i n
Dis. GGC (spclt) 'a large fly (nro~ns)\\hich draws hlood
I) kii:kqi:n I k n . N.1.-1. (indicating an ntte- when it hitcs cattle' Sort. 3 0 7 ~ 2. 6 ; goge\rrtil~
nu:~ted colour) fr. 4 k6:k; 'hluish, greyish'. (sprlt) sor-nlfrgos ' p d - f l y ' 3ror. zo: KIP. s r v
T h e alternative f. k6:kgi:n is prnh. Secondary. k i i k e w u n 'a flyinp crcnturc (!n.vr) like a large
S ~ ~ r v i \ . eonly(?)
s in N1- Tel. kiikpiin 'grey- Ay. whirti settlrs on horses, cattle, ctc. and
heard' R II 1231. Scc D o r r f ~ r111 1679. Xzik. I>ites the ti^'; !vhcr~ they fcel i t they run aivav
X I kokgi:n nc:g 'anything tlre coloi~rof the frnrn it /(I. 8.3 ; ol-zorrhtir 'hornet' kiikiin ljrri.
sky' (ko-larurri'l-snmA') KO?. 1 437; I 186, I Z 11, 2.
( r g r i g - ) : K R b a g l n d a k e q i i r m i g b u kiikqin Dls. GGL
s a k e 1 'this experienced grc?-heard' 1798; a.0.
376 ( o d i ~ n - ) (not
; t o be confused with k o g s i n TI) k e k l i g P.Y./t\. fr. k e k ; 'spiteful, revengc-
see k696z). fill'; practicall? syn. IV. Sqliig, and in the rarly
period usually uscd in Hend. w. it. Surrivcs
D i s . V. G G C - only(?) in N C IClr. k e k t i k ; Kzx. kekti. Uyk.
S kikqUr- See kikgiir-. r Duci. T T V I l I N:8 (o$ltIg): X a k . xr
v ~ r ff.
Knf. II 283 (kek).
Dis. GGD (D) k e k l i k 'partridge'; proh. A.N. (Conc N.)
I: k e g d e (?kagcJn:) 'paprr'; I.-w. fr. some fr. *kek as an onom;itopoeic for the par- .
Iranian lnnpuage ( ? S o ~ d i a r r )and cognate to tridge's call. S.i.a.ni.l.~.cxcept NE. T h e r e is
 DIS. G G M 711
another word for 'partridge' not noted before D kBklet- llap. leg.; Caus. f. of 1 k6kle:-;
the medieval pcriod, see $13. Acc. to Red. in this V. is listed under the cross-heading -D-
Osm. kekllk is 'partridge' in general and 'the (for the third consonant) which suggests that
red-legged artr ridge' in particular and $11 is the original entry had kokdet- ; the alternative
'the common grey partridge' and 'the fran- form is morpholoprically inexplicable. The -d-
colin'. See Doprfpr 111 1639. Uyg. V I I I ff. suggests that the original form of 3 kBk was
Civ. kekelik (sic) a t i n 'the bile of a partridge' kiig but the modern NC forms do not support
H 150-2: Xak. XI keklik al-qahc 'partridge' this. See sagtat-. Xak. X I 01 e@er y a l ~ g ~ n
Kag. I 4 7 9 (misread as al-qay/t in printed text): kiikletti: 'he ordered that the straps of his
K D u n i n btti kekllk 'the partridge sinps his saddle-bow should be tightened' (bi-?add);
note' 76: Gag. xv fT. kekllk hahg 'partridge' kiikdedtl: (sic) alternative form (lugs) Kaf. 11
San. yoov. 23 (and two phr.): Kip. xrv keklik 327 (kokletii:r, kiik1etme:k).
al-hain[ 'partridge' fd. 83; ditto ($il/)kek-
Hk (misvocalized) Brtl. 11, 12: xv ditto kek- D 1 k o k l ~ n -Refl. Den. V. fr. 1 kok; survives
Ilk Tttl~.13% 9; doct7c 'fowl' (tawukl) keklik in S W Osm. kiiklen- 'to take root, be firmly
do. 15b. 4. estahlishctl'. rhe hasic form survives in NE
Alt., TeI. kakto- 'to be related to (someone)'
R I1 1228. Xak. X I e r kiiklendi: ca'ajfnh'l-
D kiiklc-:, ctc. Preliminary note. Kag. lists -racril 'the man was well rooted' (i.e. of good
Dcrr. V.,s.fr. 3 kiik attd 1 and 3 ku:g and Rffl. family); a150 rrscd for 'to stay in one place'
Ilen. L'.s f r 1 kiik and 5 kii:g; the hasic fornr (ganiya) Kaf. I1 253 (kiiklenu:~, kiiklen-
me:k).
oJrhc/irst survives in NE. Thcre is in KD a Uc*n.
V. f r . 4 kii:k. Thereisin Uyg. vlrlfl.Man.-A D 2 koklen- Hap. leg.; Refl. f. of 1 k6kle:-.
M I11 2 9 , r o (iii) n rclord kiikleyur of which Xak. X I e d e r koklendl: 'the thongs of the
the meaning is entirely obscure. These sepm to he saddle were tightened' (wddot) KO$. 11 253
the only early words of this form. San. 3o7r. 26 (no Aor. or Infin.; followed by 1 kBklen-).
lists a Den. V. fr. 2 kok which s.i.r.m.1. D 1 kiiglen- (kii:glen-) Hap. leg.; Refl. f. of
D I k8kle:- Den. V. fr. 3 k o k ; 'to fasten with 1 kiig1e:-. Xak. XI e r kiiglentli: 'the man
thongs'. Survives in NC Klr. koktii- and sang' (ganm7); originally ku:glendi: Kaj. I1
perhaps some other languages unless these are 253 (kiiglenii:r, kug1enme:k); 0.0. 11 255,
Den. V.s fr. 2 kiik. Xak. XI ol e d e r k6kle:di: 9 ; 111131 (1 kii:g).
yadda rahtn'l-sarc 'he tightened the thong of the VUD 2 kiiglen- (kli:glen-) Hap. leg.; Refl.
snddle' Kaf. 111300 (kSkle:r, kiik1e:me:k). ,
Den. V. fr. 5 kii:g Xak. XI yii:zi: anlg
D 2 kiik1e:- ( 9 - ) Den. V. fr. 4 kii:k; 'to he kiiglendi: 'freckles (al-kuya) appeared on his
blue, grey, Creeti, etc.' Survives in NC Kir. face'; originally kii:glendi: Kaj. I1 253 (no
kiiktb-: S C IJzb. ktikla- and perhaps else- Aor. or Infin.; followed by 1 kuglen-).
where, hut ko:ker-, q . ~ .is, commoner in this
senw. Xnk. sr Ki3 (hear the words of) k a r i D 1 kiiklea- Recip. rJen. V. fr. 1 k 6 k ; cf.
kiiklemig 'the old grcyhcaded man' 1492. 1 koklen-. Survives in S W Osm., where it is
syn. w. koklen-. Xak. xr 01 anlg birle:
D 1 kiigle:- 13cn. V. fr. 1 kii:g; 'to sing' and koklegdi: tafabbatn bihi rim ta$nhbaka 'he
the like. Survives in NC Klr, kii:lii:-/kuylii- clung to him and wrapped himself round him';
'to tunc' (a musical instrument): SW Osm. there is a dialect form kokteydl: (2 kBkleq-
kakle- ditto (unlcss the latter is a Drn. V. follows here): B u l g a r XI 01 anig birle:
fr. Pe. ktik). Xak. XI e r kiigle:dl: tafannd'l- koklegdi: ta'aqqado ma'ahu 'agda'l-'ajiro 'he
-racrtl bi-igniya wa axraca k k n fil-fib16 'the made a tribal union with him' Kay. 11 224
man sang a song and brought out the melody (kiikle$u:r, kok1esme:k; one of the four
in singing it' KO?. 1II 301 (kiigle:r, kug1e:- Bulgar words in K ~ J . ) .
me:k): (jag. xv ff. kukle- ('with k - k-')s8x
gal- 'to play (or tune?) a musical instrument' D 2 kokle$- Hap. leg.; Co-op. f. of 1 k6kIe:-.
Vel. 369 (quotns.); kukle- s8z-ra krik hardon Xak. X I 01 a g a r e d e r koklegdi: 'he helped
'to tune a m~rsicalinstrument' Son. 307'. 26 him to tighten (Ji ?add) the thongs of the
(qi~otns.). saddle-bow' Kaj. 1I 224 (no Aor. or Infin.;
see 1 kiikleg-).
D 2 kug1e:- Den. V . fr. 3 kii:g; 'to graze'.
As pasture is green there was an obvious Dis. GGM
temptation to regard this V. as identical with VU k o k m e k quite clearly legible in the photo-
2 kiikle-; this seems to he at the back of the graph; according to Ma!. (note op. cit.) it sur-
entry kbkle- 'to graze, put cattle out to gmze' vives in SE Sarrg Yu&r as kegrnek; Keri
in Vam. 330, reproduced in R I1 1227 as 'CaR., kiikmek 'a kind of deer'; in Malov, Yazyk
p k h a r a ' ; but the Refl f. kliylen- (of cattle) zheltjlkh uigiiroo, Alma Ata, 1957, p. 65 it
to be well-nourished' in NC Kzx. preserves appears as k e g m i k 'A kind of stag (Chinese
the earlier form. Xak. xr y ~ l k l : kUg1e:di: chi nien) the size of a fernale donkey'. 0. a r .
ihtaqalati'l-daurdbb wa akalati'l-rabi' 'the cattle rx ff. (I killed seven wolves, but) bars12
grazed and eat the spring pasture' Kap. 111 k o k m e k i g Bliirmedim 'did not kill leopards
300 (kiigle:r, kiig1e:me:k). or stags' Mnl. r r , ra.
 DIS.
I'III) k i i k m e k / k i i k m e : n ( ? k i i e m e k / k i i g - in versc' Kuntt. 1 7 5 ; O.O. IISp. 97, 1 ; ~ o z b 14;
.
m e : n ) llap. leg.; 1)en. N.1B.s fr. k u k (6 .Str~,.589, 3.
k u g ) ; the latter In this entry is unvocalized, Dls. V. GGN-
and misvocalized in the main entry; these
words seem to he vocalized with faflza but I'U(I1) kikne:- l i s p . l e g . ? ; morphnlopically
there is no douht that the vorrel \<,as rounded. could he Den. V. in -e:- fr. k e g e n ; the mean-
'The second fomi seenls to he the name, ing can only hr c o n j c c t u r ~ d , hut is clearly
crrstomarily transcrthed k o g m e n of the Tanncl pejorative. S a k . X I K D ( i f yo11 make :i rcrlucst,
Tuva mountains nicntirmed in 'l'iirkii V I I I I I:' state it clearly; if you are asked a rltrrstinn, tcll
17, ctc., T 23, 28; if s o thc second consonant the truth. I)rr not nlakr pointless remarks o r
15 -g-. X a k . xl k u k m e k e r 'a man who has harry ( s n q t l a m a ) people) 117ek siiz e d e r m e
hern tested (hnrnsntlttr) 1)v circumstances and y e m e k i k n e m e 'do not follow up scandal or'
endured sufferinpq (ol-nriitnt~) and become 4301 ('he spiteful' would suit, if it coitld bc
hardened (ijtnd~ic~) hy them'; its origin is k i i k cnnnertrd 1 ~ 1 t kek).
h
01-mi!rrtn; this Adj. (si{<f, sic) is irregular
(rZ'[r! g&i<i); thc rcptilar fort11 ((d-qiyas) is
kiikme:n Knj. 1 4 7 9 . k c k r e : 'an :~critl,o r l i t t e r , pl;rnt', us~i:rllyo n r
caten I)y I I V C S ~ O C Survivrr
~. 111 SI: '1'111ki
L)is. (X;N k e k r e 'rrjiot' Lt+' 5 2 ~ : S\V f )st)i.. 'l'km.
k e k r e 'a bitter plant; acrid, 1)ittt.r'. N o
I'U kPgen one of sc\:cral u nrds for 'illness, ohvious ctymoloay, prrhaps a I.-w. UyC.
disease', or the likc; pec. to U y k . and usually ~ I I fT.
I Civ. k e k r e 'a hitter medicinal hcrh'
used in Hcnd. w. 1 i:g; the spelling in Srrw., if I f 11 8 , 47: X a k . xl k e k r e : 'a hitter plant
correctlv transcribed, pnints to - 4 - rather than (nnht I N I ~ Icaten
) by camels' Koj. 1 4 2 2 .
-i-. uy$i,. vlrr ff. Bud. (the dlt(irnni will b e
effective) a l k u k b g e n i n t e y11k1 k a r a k 8 g e - I > k i i k r e k I)cv. N. fr. kiikre:-; 'thunder'.
n l n t e i g k e m 'in all cases of disease, the N.o.a.1~. 'I'hcrc is n o conncctiori hctwcen this
diseases of cattle and common people(?), ill- word and k i i k r e k 'the chest. the upper part
nesses (Hcnd.)' (dincornfort, danger, pain) U of tile hody' noted in Cat. Son. 3 0 7 ~ 28; . Ktp.
11 73, r (iii) ff.; (dcmons) k e z i k i g k e g e n Horc, 21, 22 and some motlcrn NC, SC and
kllguql '\rho cause epidemic(?) diseases' TT NW lanpuages; the oriain of this word is
t7 8, 83; a q k l n i g k e g e n (sic, spelt as one ohscure; it is apparently neither hlong. nor
word) n d a s l n a r n l r t a u r d n ~ t'reducing the 1rani;ln. and it is hard to sce how it could he
dar~gcrof hunger, pnitl and disease ('Iend.)' connected with kiigiiz, samc meaning, through
SNC.399, 18. some L/R Turkish language, b u t thc Cuv.
forni of that word is kAkBr, Ash. 1'11 107.
VL11) kiige:n the -6- is shorvn in Kom. b u t X n k . sr Krtj. 111 282 ( k o r k - ) : KIP. s v rn'd
this tnay I)e a dialrct form since the word 'tlluri~lcr'k i i k r c k 'I'tilr. 1011. 5.
scetns to he a I h v . N. fr. ku:-. the -ii- in
\\l)ich is fixed h!- 3 ku:g, 2 kiig1e:-. 'This 1)Is. V. G G R -
\\or<! has nothine to d o with (I'L')
kii:ken 'plum, pr;rcl~'iti Ifou.. Id., Ttih. which k c k i r - ( 9 - ; ? - g - ) 'to hclch'. S.i.a.ni.l.g.;
is a I.-\v. cnrinected n i t h Ar. snrux, which S\V :\z. k e y i r - ; Osnl., 'I'kti~. g e g i r - . X a k :
is said to he an Aramaic I.-\*;. (sec Nou., p. X I e r k e k i r d i : 'the tnan (etc.) hclcherf
roo), perhaps through some Iranian inter- (fncnj~n'n)I G j . I 1 84 ( k e k l r e : r , k e k i r m e : k ) .
rncdiarv. Xnk. s~ kiige:n ril~iigrr'l-hnkm 7cn xtv Rluh.(?) tacngjo'n ke:kir- RI:~.100 (only);
t-ih[iqn'l-/toiir?.ih'inr/n'l-!tolh 'a noose to control fohiqn 'to nverflnw' k e k i r - (MS.kelir-) I 13;
calves, colts, etc., and nlilch corvs, etc. at d - c o ~ n ' k e : k i r m e k (RIS. -funk) 164: Gag.
milking time': ye1 kBge:n qn~csqrtzn!r 'rain- s\.fi. g e g i r - (SO spelt) rirri2 zndnn 'to helch',
hnw' (lit. 'a noose on the wind') Kng. I 415: in Ar. fmm$jti' Sntt. 31~ r zz . (quotn.): K n m .
K o m . s ~ kvo g e n 'a rnpe for tying lambs and xrv ' t o hclch' k e k i r - C C G ; Gr.
kids' CCG; Gr. I> k i g i i r - abbrrvi;lted Caus. f. vf k i r - ; 'to
S ki5kii:n Sce kiike:gii:r~. hritiq iti, intrndr~cr'. and the likc. N.n.a.l).;
modern Cnus. f.s o f k i r - are k i r g i z - , g l r d i r - ,
PLTD k l k l n q A Uev. N., h u t \v. no obvious and the like. S l l 'l'iirki k i g i i r - in R I1 13.11
cc~r)iiection \v. k i k - ; 'reply', nearly always should he transcril~edk e y g u r - and is a Caus.
in the phr. k i k i n q b6:r- 'to give a reply'. f. of ke:J-. T u r k u v111 ff. Alan. Chrrns. 2 2 0
S . o . a . h . T u r k u VIII ff. Alan. d l n d a r l a r I n q a (e:t-): Uyg. V I I I ff. Chr. U 1 7, 4-5 ( u r - ) :
k i k i n q b e r d l l e r 'the Elect gave the following I h d . k o n i y o l k a k i g i i r i i r 'brings them into
reply' T T 11 6, 2: U y e . vrrl ff. Alan.-A (if t h e right way' TT VZ 255-6; 0.0. do. 394
anyone asks how he killed the demon) I n c a (v.1.); PP 18, I ; 25, 2-3 (tapa:); TT V I I I
k i k i n q b 8 r g i l M I 19, 11-12; a.o. do. 37, 19: D.6 (iizliinqiiliig): X a k . XI KO q e r i g d e b l r
Dud. (then his father the king hearing a n q a b u s u g k a k i g i i r 'put some of your
this petition) n e g k i k i n q (PrNlrf transcribes troops in an amhush' 2370: XII(?)KBVP n e
kkginr) b e r u u m a d l 'could not ~ i v any e reply' tnrliig b u sozler 6qin tildeki kigiirmiq
PI' 1 5 , 8 (see note thereon); (after a question. m u g a r kor k a m u g e l d e k i 'see what
the Ijuddha) $lok t a k v u t l n l n q a t 8 p k i k i n q (d~ffcrent)kinds nf natnes lia\*e heen given to
y a r l ~ k a d'deigned
~ to give the following reply t l i ~ s;")em in dift'erent languages in various
 TRIS. GCR 713

countries' 31 (grammar chaotic): X I I I ( ? ) a differcnt word. Uyg. V I I I ff. Bud. a r s l a n

KBPP 25 (iisk); Tef. kiviir- 'to bring to (or xanr kiikremig t e g 'as if the king o f the
into)' 177: xrv Rbf. u p a k i s r e kigiiriip lions had roared' Srrv. 646, 3: Xak. xr ars1a:n
'taking him to paradise'; a.o.0. R I I 134r kakre:di: 'the lion roared' (za'arn); and one
(quotns.): Gag. xv ff. giwiir- (spelt) ddxil says bugra: kokre:di: 'the camel stallion
lzordan 'to cause to enter' Son. 316v. 23 bellowed' (Aadara); and one says b u l ~ t
(qrr(ltns.): X w a r . xlv kevur-, kigiir-, klviir- k6kre:di: 'the cloud thundered' (ra'nda); also
'to hring in' Qrctb 95-9; kigiir- Nal~c.254, 13; used metaph. for the shouts of warriors on the
255, 3; 280, 11: K o m . xlv 'to bring into' battlefield Kof. III 2x2 (kiikre:r, k6kre:rne:k
kiiviir- C C G ; Ur. rho (qrlntns.): O s m . prov. see k o r k - ) ; 0.0. I 1 2 5 , 13 etc. ( a r s -
xrv ff. glviir-, occasionally giyiir- 'to bring 1anla:-); I 354, 2 3 : K B 86 (bullt): Cap,.
into, let in, admit' (esp. to paradise); common xv ff. kiikre-/kiikreg- 'to thunder, or roar',
till xvr, occurs in xvrl TTS I 3 13 ; 11 439; 111 of thunder, lions, etc. San. 307r. 7 (quotns.):
299; I v 343. X w a r . x ~ r iditto 'Ali 39: xrv ditto Quth ror,
MN 75: K o m . xrv ditto C C I ; Gr.: KIP. xrrr
L) ko:ker- (g- -g-) Intrans. 1)en. V. fr. 4 al-m'd k a k r e m e k fd. 5 , ro (MS. d6krcmeh):
ko:k; 'to be, or hecome, sky-coloured, blue, xrv ditto Rul. 3, 2; ditto and the V. fr, it is
rrcy', ctc. S.i.n.m.1.g.; in moqt modern lan- k a k r e - Id. 83 : xv ha'lra'a 'to hcllow' (bozla-1)
guagcs the second consonant is -g-1-v-1-y-; kokre- 2'1th. 8h. 7.
SW Az. kByer- ; Osm. goger-lgover- ; Tkm.
go:ger- (this last also means 'to take root', as D kigriil- Ilap. leg.?; Pass. f. of kigiir-.
a sin~ilarDen. V. fr. 1kok). Xak. xi ko:kerdl: Xak. xr tava:r evke: kigriildi: 'the propcny
ne:g 'the thing was dusty' (nfiharn), that is was was brought into (rrd.~iln)the house' (etc.) Kog.
the cnlour of the sky Kof. 11 84 (kii:kerur, 11 237 (kigrulu:r, kigrii1me:k).
k8:kerrne:k): xrv Muh.(?) izraqqn 'to be blue'
(ko1i:-(?); in margin) ko:ker- Rif. 103: Gag. D kekrev- Ilap. leg.; Recip. f. of kekre:-,
s v ff. koger- (-giinee, 'with k-g-g-') goger- Den. V. fr. kek, which seems to be noted only
Ye!. 370; goger- (sic?; not spelt) (I) sabz in S W Osm. where it means 'to be, or become,
~ridnlirua rtiyidnn 'to become green; to sprout'; sour or acid'. Cf. kekre:. Uyg. v111ff. Man.-
(2) kobtid jttdnn 'to bccome blue' Sari. 307r.5 A (they quarrel with one another and exchange
(q~lutn.):KIP. xv (among Den. V.s) and frorn abuse) bu k a r g a n t u k l n alkantukrn kek-
kok, koker- Tuh. 83b. 6 : O s m . xrv ff goger- restiikin (VU) yontiistiikin (sic. with - 5 - for
'to bc blue, green', etc.; fairly common T T S I -g-) 'because of this cursing and abuse, and
346; I1 443 ; J V 348. because they hate and quarrel with one
PU kogiir- n.o.a.11. ; the Turku text is not very another' M 1 9 , 16-18.
clear, and the Uyk. ones open to some doubt;
the rneaninfi of k i g u r - wotrld sirit all the pas- D kokreg- Co-op. f. of kokre:-; n.o.a.h.
sages; these may in fact he misreadings of Xak. X I bu11tla:r k a m u g kokreqdi: 'the
~vordor in some cases mistranscriptions of clouds all thundered (ra'ndat) together'; and
kiitur-. T u r k 9 v r ~ rff. yolta: a t k6gii:rmig one saps bugra:la:r kokreqdi: 'the camel
erke: 1 y a n k y a r l ~ gboltl: 'one Ixeastplate stallions hello\\-ed (tahnddarnt) topether', also
was issued to the man who brought in(?) the used metaph. for the shouts of warriors on the
horse from the road' Miran B r. 6 ( E T Y II field of battle, one says alpla:r kokregdi: 'the
66): Uyg. vrlr ff. Dud. arvrglar 6ligin u l u g warriors shouted (fahaddorot) together' Kaj.
torliig a g l r a y a g iize kogiirserler ('or II zzz (kokregikr, kokre9me:k; verse); a.o.
kegilrserler?) 'if they hring (or, reading I11 147, 16 (samc verse): Gag. xv ff. Snn.
kdgiirserler, 'publish'; or, reading k o t u r - 307r 7 (kokre:-).
serler,'raise') the chief of the dlidmnis with great
respect' U I1 73, 3-4 (iii): Civ. m e n borlukka T r i s . GGR
6zge kiqi kogiirmezmen (queried) 'I will
not admit(?) other people into the vineyard' (D) k6giirygii:n ( ? g8:-) 'pigeon, dc7r.e';
USp. 32, 10; in "5 in a list of penalties for n~orphologicallyobscure, but prob. connected
challenging the validity of a contract, the with 4 k6:k in the sense of 'a Rrey bird'.
heaviest penalties are to be 'presented' (un- S.i.s.m.l. in NC, NW, S\V with phonetic
tiirilp, 1. 18) to the central government and changes; SW Az. keyerein; Osm. giivercin;
the tegitler, the next hraviest to he 'brought' Tkm. go:gerqin. NE languages use quite
(kogiiriip?, I. 19) to the Idrrk kut, and the different words or phr. and SE, S C fomm of
lowest to be 'given' (bkrip, 1. 2 0 ) to the Pe. knbtitar. Uyg. vrrr ff. Bud. kagiirygen
treasurer of the town of Koqo. S t ~ v 299,
. 6 (aglt); 620, 20; Civ. kngiirqgen
H I 40 (qokrat-): Xak. xr kogiirqgii:n
L) k6kre:- (g-) Den. V. fr. 4 ko:k; etp~no- 01-hamnm 'pigeon, dove' KO$. III 419: Gag.
logically the basic meaning must be 'to thun- xv ff. kogerqin kohdtar 'pigeon, dove' Son.
der:; also used for 'to make a loud noise', in 308r. I : X w a r . xrv ditto Qrctb 101: Kom.
varrorrs contexts. Survives for 'to thunder' xrv 'dove' k u g e r r i n CCG; Gr.: KIP. x111
in NE Alt. kiikiiro- R 11 1424: NW Kar. a[-imm8in kowercin Horc. 10, 6: xxv kbgercin
T. kokre- do. 1224; Kaz. kiikre- do. 1424; ditto Id. 83; Bul. 12, 4: xv ditto Kav. 39, 5 ;
Icumyk kSkiire-. S W Osm. k u k r e - 'to foam !~an~cjmogercin (corrected below to k6:-) Tnh.
at the mouth, be sesually excited' seerns to be r3a. lo,
 T r i s . V. GGR- a t i i r t n ~ ) l ~111ranir1~.
. ' ~ n ~ n or
d , illought' fairly
I> k i i g u r q g i i : n l e ~ -Ilap. ICE. and prob. uscd rariy. 'I'hr final was certainly originally - z
only in the Ger. in -u:; Recip. Den. V. fr. hut forms with -s occur fairly early. [Jyg.
kBgiirqgu:n; mentioned only as a grarn- v ~ r rff. Man. kiifiiizl k a r a 'with hlack hrrasts'
matical cxamplc. X a k . xr 01 m e n t o birlc: AT I r 8 , 5 (i): Ilud. r~suallyirt a physical scnse,
oyna:di: ki5giirqgii:nle$ii: 'he gambled with e.p. kCg kiirtle kngiiz 'a broad, 1,cautiful
me with a pigeon as the stake' k-af. II 226, I 3 ; hrrast' 1'7'X 444; n o . ( I 11.' 30, 54 ( e m i g ) ;
n.m.e. T T V 4, 7-1 I (egin)--somcti~nrs reprrsents
Sanskrit moli ' n ~ i r ~ dand ' t h r likc K ~ m n .69,
IMs. G G S 199 (iltlrl sec kiigiizliig); <pelt giigils in
S kiigiis Sce kiiguz. 'I'ihrtnn transcription (Slrrrlir~, p. 99): Civ.
b a r s kiintle kiigiizrle b o l u r 'on thc 1,copard
Day it gets in thc chcst' 7'7' 1/11 ic), 4 ; (for a
Dis. GGS p i n ) iq kiigiizke 'within ttic c h e ~ t If ' I r8h-
?F kc:kilg Ilap. lrc.; prol). a I.-w. X n k . xr kiigiiliig kiigiiziig i i k i i n n ~ ~ kiikii$ i 'tllcrc
ke:kiiq dnrcz' ?~r!ld hi9/-rcnrom roohruo'l-krrndrrs is ahutidant rcpcntnnce in your mind and
'a medicinal plant applied to swellings; helle- thoughts' T T 181-2: X a k . sr kiigiiz 01-lodr
bore' (Rrockelmann, Soponorio o r Vcratrnnr 'llrcast' Kay. I 366; (fire hlazcs) kiigsi a r a :
nlhr~nr)K ~ J1407. . 'in thcir breasts' I 230, 6 : K B (when a man
fit~dshimself in this llceting world for a couple
D k i i k i ~Den. N./A. fr. 4 ko:k. Survives in of dt~ys)neliik k e r d i kiigsin k a y a t e e b o l u p
SE 'riirki kiiki$: N(: Klr. kiigiig. X a k . xr 'nhy docs he throw out his chcst and behave
K D kiikig t u r n a 'the hlur-grey crane' 74. likc a rock?' 1535; o.o. of k a g s i n (or kiigiiz)
S k i i : k ~ i : n See k 6 : k ~ i : n . k e r - 133 (mistranscrihcd), 521 1, 5326; a.o.
4845: xrrr(?) At. k e r i p x a l q k a kiigsiig 'if you
throw out your chest at people' 278; Tef. (his
Dis. V . GG$- mother's) k o g s i 183: X I V AflrA.(?) ol-fodr
L) k i k g u r - Caus. Refl. f. of k i k - ; n.o.a.1,. k o k i i z Rif. 141 (only): q a g . xv ff. k o g s i i k
?'urkii vrrr I E 6 (11 B 6 ) ( 1 Bqi:): vrrr ff. (so spclt, see Son.) g6giis ... sinn 'breast' Vei.
RIan. y e m e s a v 6 l i t i p s a v k e t i i r u p ki$ig 368 (quotn.); kegs sitm Son. 308r. 2 (same
k i k v i i r u s o z l e d i m i z e r s e r 'if we have carried quotn, b u t correcting Vel.'s word to k o g s i i m
remarks to and fro and incited people t o mutual 'rriv breast'); ltogiis sinn 308r. 14 (quotn.):
enmity Cllrtns. 104-7: ( U s & vrrI ff. Bud. this X w a r . x r r ~ ( ? ) a n a s l n l r j kiigiiziindtin (or
word is perhaps the right rending i n PP 18, I 8- . .. -s- ?) 'from his mother's brrast' OR
1s-hcre I'elliot says the scrihe first v r o t e 8-9: a.o. 13-14: xrv k v g i i s 'breast' Qtitb roo:
Ckekfliir and then corrected it to ikek~liiryiir; K o m . xlv 'chest' (and 'womb') kogifs/kijviis/
(among the dangers of the sen) t o r t u n q ulttfj k o k s - C G ; Gr. (CCZ t6:q): Kip. (xrrl
tegzinq k[emi]ke k i g i i r i i r s u v kikqiiriir(?) 'fostrr-brnther' ko:giizde:$ Horr. 32, 7): xv
s o k u q u r 'fourth, the waters which bring great 01-sndr kkiigiis A-nv. 60, 18; $odr~~'l-in.sd~~
waves to the ship, quarrel(?) and strike one k i i g u s T~rh.228. 3 : O s r n . xrv to xvr 'chest'
another'): X a k . xr e r biqe:k kikqiirdi: 'the g o g i i z (fr. nv gogiis), before vou.els g b g s -
man whetted (onmrro) thc knives one against in several texts 1 ' T S 1 3 1 6 ; 114.44; 111304; I V
the other'; and one says 01 ikki: e r kikqiirdi: 348; giigiis g e r - in III and I I/.
'he incited (ogrd) one of the two nicn against thc
other' A-of.I1 195 ( k i k ~ i i r i i r kikqiirn1e:k).
, 'I'ris. GGZ
Dis. GGY 1) kiigiizliig (g-) P.N./A. fr. kiigiiz; sur-
vlr-es in sevcral N E languages a: k o g i i s t u g /
V U k i i k u y 1Iap. leg ; '~naternal aunt' kiigiistu: 'intclligrnt, understanding' R II
(tilother's sister), the feminine counterpart of I 234. Uyg. vrrr ff. Man. (addrrsscd to a deity)
tagr\:y. T h e n o r d was lost at an early datc, kijgiizliigum b l l g e m 'my thc)uphtful and
and in the lists of terms of relationship is rc- wise one' M I1 8, 14-15: Bud. a l k ~ n q s i z
placed in Aft/h. by 'niothcr's sister' and in the kogiizliig B o r l ~ s a t v translating Sanskrit
vocabularies by that o r phr. incorporatinr: Ali~nynntnfiI3ollliiroltrln 'the Bndhisattvn with
taga:y, q.v. X a k . X I kiiku: of-xEIa 'rnnternal the inexhaustible niind' is common in K~ron.;
aunt'; also, and more correctly (01-o$o!111). (if anyone is wickcd and) k a r a r l k b i l i g s i z
kiikii:y: one says kuku:yiitn keldi: 'my aunt kiiguzliig 'has a dark andIignonnt mind' do.
has come' Kop. 111232. 66; a.0. USp. 102a. 31: (XIVChin.-Uyg. Dict.
kogiizliik 'breastplate' Ligeti 174; R II 1234):
Dis. GGZ Xak. X I KB neqe k u r kogiizliig kiiveniir
kogiiz (g6goz) 'chest, breast'; a neutral word e r i g 'how ninny bold, courageous, proud mcn'
used both for men and \rronicn. A very old (has death destroyed) 4845.
word which sllwives in Cuv. as kHkar, Acli.
1'11 107, and also in NE most I a n p t n g ~ s 1) kiikii:zme:k Hap. Icg.; 1)en. N. fr.
k o g i i s R I1 1233; Ichak. k o g i s : SE I'iirki k o g i i z no doubt 'breastplate'. T i i r k u vrlr
k B k u s : SW Az. k o k s ; Osm. g o g i i s ; T k m . T a y ()[p,e:ke:] b i r k8kii:zme:k yarl:[k
goviis. Other lanrmages niostly use to:$ or yarltQ] bolt^: 'nne piece of breast nrmour was
k i i k r e k ( q . ~ . ) .'I'hc word came to have also i.;surd to 'l'ny Ogc:(?)' nrIiron C 6 (ETYII 68).
 (PU) Sevig Kul frkin !I S 14; vrlr ff.KUl
k6:l (g-) any large body of water, natural or Clg$i: Afirnn A 17 ( R T Y 11 65): Uyg. vlrr
artificial, normally 'pool' or 'lakc'. Except in Kul [Rll]g[e:] $11. N 5 : vrlr ff. Rud. KIil Bilge
Kay., and there proh. only in one phr., tiever Tegri Blig Pfnhl. 6, ;: 0. Klr. IX ff. K i i ~
used for 'sea', or for 'river'. S.i.a.m.1.g.; SW Kiil Totok Mnl. 25, 2: Xak. X I Kay. I 1 0 8
Az. kiil; Osm. 861; l'km. k6:l. See Doerfer (1 irkin); 1428, 19 (bilge:).
111 1682-7. TUrkli V I I I in geo& names,
(VU) Turk]: Yargu:n Kol I E 34; Kara:
KKl I N 2: V I I I ff. IrkB 22 ( ~ q e r n - ) Uyk.
: VIII kel- (g-) ' t o come', sornctirnc; uith thc irn-
in gcog, names, (VU) C l g l l t ~ rKG1 Su. E 6 ; plication of 'to conie hack'. S.i.a.ni.l.r.; SW
Kazluk KG1 ('C;oose lake') do. S 2; (PU) Ax. k e l - ; Osni., Tkm. gel-. Tiirkii vlir kel-
T a y g a n Kiil S 3; Yula: Kal S 6: vrrr ff. Bud. 'to come', very commrm in I , 21, T, etc.:
(you must imagine that) yUrUg kdl bolt1 'it has vrrl ff. ditto in IrkB: hlan. [gay] t a r x a n
hecorne a white lake' 1'T V 6, 47; a.o. do. 12, kelginqe 'until . . . 'I'arxan cornes T7' 116.
126; b i r ulug k6l 'a large lake' Srlw. 600, 5: 19; a.o.0. : Uyg. vllr kcl- is common in Su.:
Civ. (the swan has Aourn away and) kdltge vrrr ff. h1an.-A terkleyu keltiler 'came
k o n m a z 'does not settle on its lake' TT I ~ I s - quickly' M I 13, 18; a.o. IS, 7: Man. [gap!
216; u l u g kol u z e 'on the big lake' 1JSp. 55, krlu keltigiz 'you have come to make . . .
20: Xak. X I ko:l 01-harud 'a pool' : kii:l nl-jodir T T III 106; u t r u keltiler 'came to meet' I X
'pond': a list of five 'lakes' (hu!rayra) with their 86; a.0.o.: Dud. kel- 'to come' is very com-
locations follows:- I s l g ko:I; (VU) K u r u g mon: Civ. ditto: Xak. xr e r evke: keldi: 'the
[ko:l]; Sldio k k l ; Yulduz ki5:l; A:y k6:I; 'the man came (ofd) to the house' (etc.) Kaj. 1125
dimensions of each of these lakes is thirty or (ke1i:r kelme:k; prov.); very many 0.0.: KH
forty forsangs; thcre are many such lakes in t a p u g k a kelip 'coming to take service' roo:
the country of the Turks, but I have mentioned id1 k k ~ k si o z 01 m a t a l d a kelir 'a very old
only the larger ones in the Moslem country': saying comes in the proverb' 110; many 0.0.
ko:l a/-hn!rr nafsuhrr 'the actual sea'; hence 259, 273, etc.: xrrr(?) At. kel- is common;
'sea foam' (znhadu'l-bahr) is called k6:l Tef. ditto 170: xrv hfuh. crI'a 'to come' gel-
kiipiikk and not tegiz kopiikk Kab 111135; Afel. 24, 15; Rif. 107; many 0.0. more often
scvcn 0.0. translated al-hawd or 02-gadir: spclt gel- than kel-: Gag. xv IT. kel- (-gen,
xrlr(?) .4t. waf5 koli s u g l u p 'the lake of good etc.) gel- Vei. 358-y; kkl- dmodan 'to come'
faith has sunk into the ground' 387: XIV Muh. Sun. 3 1 5 ~ .8 (quotns.): Xwar. x111 kel- 'to
01-frowd g8:l (sic) Mel. 77, 9; Rif. I 8 I : Gag. come' 'Ali 25: XITI(?) ditto 02. I I , etc., usually
s v ff. k61 ('with -8-') 'a place in which water spelt k6l-; xrv kel-/k61- Quth 93-6; kel-
collects' Son. 308v. 19 (quotn.): Xwar. x~rr(?) h f N 47, etc.; Nahc. 314, 15 etc. (common):
b i r k o l a r a s ~ n d a'in the middle of a lake' K o m . xrv 'to come' ke1- CCI, C C G ; Gr. 136
02. 71: xlv k6l 'lake' Qvtb Tor: Kom. xrv (quotns.): KIP. xllr c6'a kel- Hou. 51, I I ;
ditto C C G ; Gr.: KIP. xlri 01-indir (bu:la:k a.0.o.; 'next' (scar, month) ke1ge:n do. 28, 8;
also called) ko:1 Iiotr. 6, 19: xv hirha 'pool' k61 'nest hut one' (year, ctc.) ke1de:qi: do. 28, 8:
Tub. 7a. I 3. xrv kel- cd'a; keldeqi yll 'the corning year'
fd. 83; ditto gelen y ~ Brtl. l 13, 1 2 (so sprlt):
1 kiil 'ashes, cinders'; s.i.a.ni.l.g. Uyk. virr ff. s v rd'a kel- A-az.. 9, 21 a.o.0.; Trrh. 12a. .f
Civ. ktil 'ashes', sometimrs spelt kkiil occurs a.o.0.
several times in II I and II and I ' T V I l z 6 , 1 z :
Xak. xr klil nl-m?rtad 'ashes' Kay. I 3 3 7 (prov., kol- (9-) 'to harnrss' (an anirn;ll tn a plough,
see 1 iir-); 0.0. I 129, 4 (8rte:-); 111237, l o etc.) and the like. Survives nnl\(?) in K E
(tegi:): xiv Afrrh. 01-rarn6d Bu:l MPI. 68, 16; Koih., Sag. R 11 1268; Khak. See k i i i t ~ r - .
Rif. 169 (giirk): Gag. sv ff. k u l ('with -a-) koluk, kolun-. T i i r k u ~ I I ff. I I r t B 25
sckistnr 'ashes' San. 3 0 8 ~ . 19: X w a r . xlv (bokursl:): Klp. xiv kiil- ('to laugh and)
ditto Qtrrh 106: Klp. X I I I al-mnmd kiil Horr. rahntn qnlrd'ima'l-yfit li'l-&hit 'to fasten the
17, 15: x ~ vditto Bal. 4, 11; ditto ('with k-') legs of a sheep for slaughter'fd. 83.
fd. 83: xv ditto Tuh. 16b. 6.
kiil- (9-) properly 'to laugh; to laugh at
VU 2 kiil either a P.N., or more prohahly a (someonc Ur~t.)',but in some contexts, esp. in
title, very common in the early period; the K B , more like 'to smile' (properly k u l u m -
vowel is uncertain hut as the Chinese character sin-). S.i.a.m.1.p.; in S W At. ku1.-; Osm.,
used to ttanscribe it was k'iie, Middle Chinese 'Tkni. gul-. Xak. xr e r kiildi: the man
(Pulleyblnnk) k'iwat (Giles 3,252) -u- is per- laughed' (dnhikn) Kay. I1 26 (kule:r, kiil-
haps likelier than -&; Kaj.'s etymology is me:k; verse kiilse: translated 'if (a man)
ohviously preposterous. The relationship he- smiles at you'(yotahossam fak)); about a dozen
tween this word and Kiili qor, the name of the 0.0. (translated dahihn): KB kule 'smiling' 70,
persons commemorated in Zx. is obscure; hut 601, 657, 941, etc.; kuler yiiz 'a smiling face'
the possibility that the word was originally 2072, 2479. etc.; s a g a kulrnesuni kkdin
kiili, with short -i, cannot be excluded (see kelgiiqi 'so that those who come after may
.~tIIdi~s, p. 88). T u r k u VIII the best known not laugh at you' 1227; 0.0. 76 (katgur-), 707
name is KUl T6gin commemorated in I ; Kiil (baslt-): s r l ~ ( ? )At. saga ktilmesiin 172;
c o r (perhaps identical with the Kiili G o r of Tef. kiil- 'to laugh at' 188: xrv inhassamn gfil-
I.Y.)II S 13; Kiil T o d u n Ix. A. (ETY I I 121); Mel. 24, 3 ( R i j . 105 btskar- Hap. leg.?);
 716 RION.
qfolriko g u l - 28, 3 ; r 1 1 (gii:l-); 01-qfol~alz rnountai~i\\:IS covered with rile plant called '1
kiilrnek 34, 1 6 ; 120; a.n.0.: G a g . xv ff. kiil-
sonr/ir/nn 'to Iauph' Snn. 308r. 17 (quotns.):
X w a r . X I I I kiil- 'to Iauah' 'Ali 25: xrrr(?) kiil-
k r l ~ h 'K q . 11 260 (nu i\nr. or Ir~lin.).

1)iS. v. G1,G-
i!
'to smile' Of. 60 a.o.o.: X I \ ' kiil- 'to laugh, I 1 kiilqir- (g-) 'to stiiilc': Inchnative I. o f
smile' Qlrth 106; AlN lor), etc.: Korn. xrv kiil-, k i i l s i r - , q.v., is pcrl~apsa mi%-spcllinfiof
'to laugh' kiil- C C I ; C r . : Kip. &lliko kiil- this word. N.o 3.1,. C l y h v r r ~1T. Ilud. kiilqlre
Iinrr. 3 6 , 1 0 : srv ditto frl. 8 3 ; I5trl. 5hv.: xv
yiizln 'with s~nillripfitcc; slnili~ig',qtt:~lifying
ditto Koes. 75, 14 (arid 6 1 , 14); fir!!. 23a. lo the Suhject of a scntcnce, 1s comriion .li IIZ 14,
3.0.0. 1 2 ; 21. 0 ; 23. 12; 50, 1); 7'1'S 322, 489: X a k .
Dis. (;LE X I K1l (his face turned rcri 2nd thrti pale);
\'U ? F 1 kiili: llnp. ICE. ; prr,l>. a Chinese phr., y n n a k i i l y l r l p s a k r n d r 'thctl smilinp he
the second syllable li 'plum' (Giles 6,884). thought' 3845; a.o. 5680: x r ~ r ( ? )At. a j u n
X a k . xlv kiili: tnA 3.rtcnfif nrirto'l-xawxi'l- k i i l q i r e r b 3 z a l r n k a $ y a t a r 'the world
-rrriymij nro'o nn7rdtiha zoo 16 y1rj7oq 'apricots sniiles and then wrinkles its hrotvs (Hcnd.)
dried with the stones inside, not split' Kay. 111 again' 20s: X w a r . xlv h n m i ~ akiilylresiin
234. giil y r r n y ~ g'may pour rosy (I'e. I.-IV.) face
(RTong.) always (I'e.) sinilc' Qrrth 107.
2 kiili Sce 2 kiil. I
'l'ris. G L C
Dis. V. G L E -
?F ke1e:yii: ( 9 - ?) 'talk, conversntion'; prob.
I) kii1e:- Den. V. fr. kii:; 'to praise', and the nne of the corrupt f o r e i ~ nwords in Oauz ( ~ e e
like. Pec. tn Uyg. U y g . ~ I I ff. I Bud. o g e r ijren) but definitely not connected with Mong.
kiileyiir e r d l m ' I was praising (I-Iexid.)' kele- 'to speak', since -qii is tietthcr a 'I'urkish
Niirn-1s. 1957; e g g i i t i y u g l u p y l ! ~kiileg nor a hlonp. I>ev. SuK. after a vowel and the
kiini n o m u g 'expound nnd pratse the true word anterlates the first OQuz contacts with
dnctrine, making great cfTorts(?)' do. 21 13-14; Mongols. Not current in literary 0.srti. after
8.0.0. xvrr b u t survives in xx Anat. as g e l e c i S D D
k6li:- (g-) the basic meaning seerns to be 'to 604; the g- is further evidcticc against a
he shad?, o r shaded' (Intrans.) and also per- hlong. origin. 0 e u z X I k e l e : ~ i l : a(-ltodif
haps 'to shade, give shade to' (Trans.); in the 7un'I-kalfim 'talk, conversation' Kny. I 445: 1

latter sense it survives in Xi''I'el, k010- R II XIII(?)TrJ. keleqi ditto 170 (see other refces.):
1270, and Khak. kole- ;itis theorigin of kolit-, X w a r . xrrr kele:qi 'report, information' 'Afi
k o l l k , koli:ge: (the parallel series k6gi:-, j 3 : x ~ vditto L)tttb 94: Krp. X I I I itoddaia 'to
kiigik, k09i:ge: seems to be an example of tell, relate' kele:yi: e y t - Iloti. 39, 16: O s m .
an I/$ relationship in Standard ' h r k i s h ) . T h e x ~ ff.
v keleyi, spclt geleqi in texts which dis-
meanings of kii1i:-, kolit- iri Xak. perhaps rep- tinguish k- and 8-, and s i i z geleqi 'talk,
resent its use as a euphemism for k o m - 'to con\-ersation'; very common until xv, rare in
bury'. U y e . \,III ff. Ilud. Sanskrit (srrtaz~a'like x\v, once in s v ~ rT T S I 441- 2 ; I1 61 I ; I11
a child' 0801 te:g) ;poripfilito'pi 'and protected, 430; r l 7 + q 1 .
guarded' koliip (sic) y e m e : TT V I I I 0 . 3 8 (a 1%. GLI)
rnetaph. usage?): Xnk. sr 61iig kiil1:di: 'he
huried (doforto) the dead man' (etc.) Kni. III 11 kiiliit (g-) FIap. leg.; Caus. Dev. N. fr.
272 (koIi:r, kol1:me:k). kiil-. X a k . X I kiiliit ol-?rr!ihn hnyrm'l-qorcnr
'a lattgliirig-strrck among the people' KO?. I
M o n . GLR 357.
PtI kiilf (or -v!) IIap. leg.; onomatopoeic. S kiiltgii: Sce kiilgii:.
X a k . xr ta:rn kiilf y r k r l d ~ :'the wall collapsed
suddenly with a loud tioisc' (hi-sow! u7astrr'a) D i s . V. G L D -
Knj. 1 3 4 8 .
D k o l i t - (g-) Caus. f. of kiili:-; survives in
Dis. G L B N E Bar., Krzrl k o l o t - R II 1272; Khak.
F k e l e b (or -p) Map. leg.; n o doubt a 1.-w.; k o l e t - 'to shade (something), to cover (some-
no native 'Turkish Dis. ends in - b / - p (Sttrdies, thing with something)'. UyR. V I I I ff. Bud.
p. 173); not connected w. SCV Osm. k e l e p 'a k o l i t t i t u r d 1 'stood shading him' PP 65, 6
ball (of twine)' T?S II 6 1 I ; I V 492 which (10le:-): X a k . XI 01 iiliigni: kolitti: 'he had
is Ar. kolb. X a k . X I k e l e b 'a tender plant the corpse buried' (o&nn) K a ~ . II 33"
(nab! nci'im) which grows in the Turks' summer ( k o l i t i i : ~ ,ko1itrne:k).
pastures and fattens livcstock quickly' Kay.
1353. D k e l t i i r - (9-) Caus. f. of k e l - , replaced the
T r i s . GLB earlier form keliir-, q . ~ .in , about xr; normally
'to bring (something)' rather than 'to make
S k e l e b e k See kebe:li:. (someone) come'. T h e Scc. f. k e t t i r - , and
the like, appeared in the tiicdicval period.
T r i s . V. C L B - S.i.n.tl1.l.g.; normally k e l t i r - hut SW Az.
DF k e l e b l e n - ( ? - p - ) Hap. leg.; Refl. Den. k e t i r - ; Osln. g e t i r - : 'Tktn. g b t i r - . X a k .
\I. fr, k e l e b , X u k . SI tn:g keleblentli: 'the XI see O k u z ; eight occurrences of keltliir-
 DIS. GLG
translated rrtri 'tn I I ~ ~ I Inlr(lnrrr
K', '111 s ~ r m n ~ n n . distinpuishrd rebirths' dolo. 64, 5 ; l i n x w a n ~ g
hrinn' and once ( I 25 I , 9) zunln(lm 'to ptve hirth azenintin vk bagiin keligin t u g m a k ~
to': K B (the king said) keldiir 'bring (him) bolur 'birth takes place from the very centre
here' 570: xrrr(?) At. (this is a wise arid choicr of the lotus hy magic and rehirth' U 11,44,
hook) t a l u l a p ketiirdiim ' I have chosen and 32-3: Xak. X I ta:z keligi: b6rk~i:ke: the
brought it' 478 (sic all hISS. except nne which bald man's (first) visit (a/-hudlir) is to the
has kbltiirdiim); Tef. keltiir-Iketiir- 'to hatter' I 26, 20; 11 41, 1 5 ; 52, 18 (with al-
offer, presunt (sr,rnethinp, Arc., to sorncone, -maci:, same meaning); kii:z keligi: ya:zln
Dat.) 171-6; xrv Afrrh. a!zdara g e t u r - Mel. be1gu:re:r 'the approach (maci') of autumn
13, 8 ; R f . 88 (keltiir-); keldiir- 4 1 , 4 ; becomes apparent in the summer' I1 172, 4;
keltiir- 130, 131 : Gag. xv ff. kkltilr- (-geli) 0.0. 1 2 6 , 1 6 (okta:-); I I 58, 17, etc. n.m.e.
getiir- Vei 359; k6ltUr- dfcnrdan 'to hrinp'
Sun. 3 1 5 ~29 . (quotns): O k u z sr 01 m a g a : a t D kii:lik (g-) I)ev. N. fr. k81i:-; practically
keltiirdi: 'he brought (uta) me a horse'; this syn. w, kiili:ge:, y.v., but much rarer; for sur-
form with -t- is Oguz; the 'I'urks have -d- vivals see that word. Cf. kosik, ~ o g a y .Xak.
(other examples of alternation in both direc- xr ko:lik (so spelt, under fa"i1) al-?ill 'shade,
tions follow) K a g I1 195 (keltiiriir, keltiir- shadow' Kay. I 409: K I I (by wise talk men
me:k): Xwnr. ~ I I I keltiir-Iketiir- ditto have risen to he king, mallk) iikiig s o z baglg
'AIi 7, 12: XIII(?)keldiirgil 'summon' Ug; y e r d e krldl kolik 'too much talk has made
220 a.o.0.: xiv keltiir-Iketiir- 'to bring men's heads sotnething huried in the ground'
Outb 04-5 : h f N 21, etc.: Kom. xrv 'to bring' 173 (see Kaf.'s translation of ko1i:-).
k"eltfiri ?:cI; keltir- CCG; f;~.: KIP. XI11 D kijliik (gijlok) Pas$ Cone. N. fr. k61-; [it,
cdba 'to bring' keitiir- Hou. 39, ro; at5 ditto harnessed , normally ' a baggage
44, 6: xrv keltiir- acd'a 'to order t? come'.fd: animal,. more in the sense of one to which
83 : xv at5 keltlr- Kav. 78, 1 3 ; keltir-1 baggag; is tied than one harnessed to a vehicle.
k e t i r - Tuh: rza. 8: O s m . xrv to xvr getiir- ~ ~ ~i n NC ~ Ki ~ ~\K. , , ~ koliik;
~~ ,~ NW ~ k , ,
'to brinp; to insert (in a book)'; in a few texts N,, kiilik. F;W o~~ eijliik (common in
~-..~ ~ - ~

D koltiir- (9-) Caus. f. of kB1-; survives in 657). Tiirkii vIrr T 15 (ingek): Uyk. ;III ff.
N E khak. kiildir- 'to have (a horse, etc.) (Man.-A (just as a wicked man's) bag]
harnessed (to a cart, etc.)'. Xak. xr 01 a t kijliiki b u k a g u s ~ 'bonds, fastenings, and
acja:k~nkoltiirdi: 'he ordered that the horse's fetters' (are either heavy or light) M III 12,
legs should he fastened (bi-$add) and that it 18 (i); apparently the same word, but might
should hc thrown down' (bi-ba!!~ilri) Kay. II
be the Dev. N. in - g , koliig which would fit
the sense better): Bud. Sanskrit i*g ydnam
195 (no Aor. or Infin. ; follows kiiltiir-). bhaved yasya 'if anyone has a vehicle like this'
D kiilttir- (9-) Caus, f. of kiil-; 'to make monda:g osoglog kolokl bo1sa:r kirnnig
(someone) laugh'. S.i.m.tn.l. ; SW Osm., T T VIII A.37 (here 'a harnessed vehicle' not
Tktn. giildiir-. Xak. XI 01 meni: kiiltiirdi: animal); (he prepared everything that the
'he made me laugh' (adhaka~~i) Kug. I1 19s prince and his companions needed) asr S U V ~
(kiiltiirur, kiiltiirmelk): KB (my body koliiki 'their food, water and baggage ani-
causes me pain) n r a kiildiiriir k o r n r a mals' PI' 28, 3: Xak. X I koliik ne:g al-jay'u'l-
y l g l a t u r 'sometimes it makes me laugh and -mustu'dr 'something borrowed (or hired?)';
sometimes cry' 3595, 4096; a.0. 5866: xrl (?) (there is no other trace of this meaning, but
Tef. kiildur- ditto 188: X w n r . xirr(?) dltto it might have come from (hired) 'transport
0.j. 375: x ~ ditto v Qrrth 107: KIP. xlv kiildiir- animals'): koliik al-zahr, that is 'any animal
nd!inka Id. 83. (ddbbo) fit to he loaded with baggage' (ju!~mal
alayhd) Kag. I392: KB (such a man does good
VU(D) kiildre:- Hap. leg.; vocalized kii1diirr:- to all people and) y a n a m i n n a t u r m a z
but in a section for Dis. V.s; prob. a pure kiqike koliik 'docs not make his favour a
onomatopoeic; cf. kiilf, kii1re:-. Xak. sr restriction(?) on other people' 857; (the pro-
ta:g k u d u g iqre: kii1dre:di: satotvatn'l- ducts of the c a t t l ~breeder include . . .)
-(mcm fi'l-bi'r rcu n.rbaru bi-brr'd qnr'ilza' 'the yiidurgii koliik animals which can be
stone made a noise in the well and indicated the loaded' 4441: Gag. xv ff. k6liik 'baggage
distance to the hottom' I*. I11448 (kiiIdre:r, (iay-kag) camels, horses, and oxen' Son. 309r.
ku1dre:me:k). 7 : Xwar. x ~ v koliik 'baggage animal' Qutb
na- P- ;07 (kiiliik): Nahc. 240. I?! i73, 15; 406, 4:
D kelig (g-) N.Ac. fr. kel-; n.0.a.b. Uyg.
~ k mxrr~;am'~r'/-!ln~rrk
. 'a collicti<e term for
donkevs' k6lii:k Horc. 12, 16: (xrv (between
vrrr ff. Bud. kelig, usually in the phr. kii 'dog' and 'hitch') 01-carw 'puppy' koliik (sic,
kelig. is used as a Buddhist technical term no doubt an error for kiiqiik, see kiqig) Bul.
for 'coming' in the sense of 'rebirth'; tegri 10, 12): O s m . X I V ff. gollik 'riding, or bag-
tegrisi b u r x a n n q kii kelig egrernLig kiiqi gage, animal'; common till XVII TTS I 318;
iize 'hv -, the.... meritorious
-..- nouser of the divine r, .. L . ,,r --K
- ---- ~ ~

huddha (to bring about) d&tin$uished rebirths' '' 44u' "' JUu'
Hiien-is. 156 (and see note thereon); similar D kii:liig P.N./A. fr. kii:; 'famous'. N.0.a.b..
phr. Suv. 69, 14; 189, 1-2; 6gi Bgl a d r u k hut see Doerfer I I I 1686. Tiirkii vrrr a n t a g
a d r u k kif keligler iize 'hy various (Hend.) kiiliig x a g a n e r m i $ 'he was such a famous
718 DIS. GLC
.rnjnrr' I E 4, II F: 5: Uyk. ~ I I ff. I Man. kiiloko: SC Uzb. k u l a n k a : NIV Kk. kiilegke;
(addreseed to a duty In a hymn) kiiliigiirn I<umyk giilentki; NOC. kiiletkl: S W Az.
dl I1 8, 17 (i): I3ud. Kiiliig occurs as a com- kiilke; Osm. gKIge; 'I'kn~. koleQe. Cf. 1
ponent in P.N.9 Iynhl. 10, 15-16; IZ, zo: k6gl:ge:. Uyg. v r r ~If. IJud. koIIge belgtlrer
0. Klr. rx ff. kiiliig kadagtm 'my famous 'a shadow appears' S~rv.5 2 , 20; 9.0. U II
kinsmen' hlal. 3, 6 ; Kiiliig as a component in 39, 87-90 (agrnln): Civ. kollgede k u r ~ t ~ p
t'.N.s do. 3, 3; 6 , 2, etc. (eight occurrences): 'drying it in the shz~de' If I 76: Xak. xi I
Xak. st KO$. I11 2 1 2 (kii:): Kll killiiQ is kri1l:ge: 01-zilhr'l-~alil 'deep shnde' Kaf. I
fairly common; occasionally with its full 448; Ill 174 (t'oth Inair1 entries): K B (if you
rneaninp, e.p. (whoever receives the f:%vourof see this world) k611ge s a n t 'it is l ~ k eII shadow'
C;od) tllckke teglr bold1 a t l l g kiiliifi 'has 3536; (this world) killige t u r u r 4758: ~ I I I ( ? )
his \vishcs fulfilled and hccolnes falllous 9bf. kole:ge:/kolge: 'shade' 183: Gag.
(tlend.)' 1797; a.0. 4525 (qavllg); but more .
sv ff. kolege (spelt) gdge . . s(iya ina'ndsrntr
often used as a convenient rhyme without 'shadow' VeI. 371 (vcrse); kiilege (spelt) sfiyo,
serious emphasis on its meaning, e.g. (listen) in Ar. rill run fuy' .Yon. 308v. 25: Xwar. xlv
a y bilge killiig 1457; a y kiilug 5283. kolige (k6:li:g~ )/koletke (k6:le:tge:) 'shadow'
Qutb lot ; kolige 'shade' Nahc. 408, 1 5 : Korn.
I) kiilgii: (g-) N.Ac. fr. kiil- ; 'laughter', with xrv 'shade' kijlege CCI, CCG; Gr.: Klp.
sotne extended meanings. S.i.a.m.1.p. with X I I I 'the shade (21'11) of a tree, etc. k6le:k:
minor phonetic changes; SW 'I'km. giilkil 'I'km. k6lge:y Elo~r.7, 14: X I V kijl$e:y al-qill
giilkii, nut used in Az., Osm. 'There in no wo'l-.~aycil 'shade, shadow' Id. 84; Ulrt. 4, 5:
other trace of Kng.'s second meaning. Xak. xv al-rill kii1ge:y K ~ I58, . 8 ; rill kaletke
X I kiilgtl: 01-dohika 'laughter'; and 'apoplexy' i
(MS. )6I~tke)/kolege( ~ nmargin galge) Tzili.
(01-mhtn) is called kiilgii:, one says e r kiilgU: 248 10; rollala koletke eyle- do. 24b. 2:
(VU) bCrdi: (unvocalized) 'the man had an O s m . xlv to X V I g6lge in various phr. meaning
apoplectic stroke'; also called kiiltgii: KO$. I 'to shadc, protect'; in several texts T T S II
430: (~111(?)Trf. kiiliitgii ' R I I I L I S ~futile';
I~~, 446; 111306; I V 350.
perhaps Kay.'s Sec. f. mis-spelt 188): xrv Muh.
nl-dn!~iha giilgii: (sic) Me/. 85, 3 ; Rif. 191 : D koliklig (g-) Hap. leg.; I'.N./A. fr, ko:llk.
q a g . xv ff. kiilgii (spelt) giilinek Vel. 372; X a k , X I ff. k6likllg y6:r 'a shady (mttznllnl)
gulgii (spelt) ( I ) rondo 'R laugh' (quotn.); (2) place' Kay. I 510.
.vandun 'laughing' (quotn.) San. jogr. 1.
L) k ~ l i i k l i i g (9-) Ilap. lcg.; I'.N./A. fr.
1) kelgin Dev. N./A. fr. kel-; apparently 'the koliik. Xak. X I koliikliig e r 'a man who
incominp (i.e. rising) tide'. Survives in SE owns baggage animals' ((mi~rti/u wa ?ohr)
'I'iirki kelkiinJnrring 170. Uyg. vrrr ff. Bud. Kay. 1510.
Sanskrit ridakne~rihanl 'a flood of water'
su:vlu:g kelkinig (sic; ?-g- intended) T T D kulgii:siiz (g-) Hap. leg; Priv. N./A. fr. I
1,'III A g z : Xnk. sr kelgin al-mndd ruohroa kiilgii:: 'without Inughinp, in all seriousness'
hi-~tmnzil(~ti'l-soy1'a flood' (the second word Xak. X I t ~ g l a :so:ziim kii1gii:siiz 'listen to
has this meaning and the first is described as my words wlthout Iaugl1ing' (triin gnyr ~ i a / ~ k n )
hcing used instead of it) Kng. 1443. Kny. I 96, I I ; n.ni.e.
I> koli:ge:siz IIap. IcK.(?); Priv. N./A. fr.
Dis. V. GLG- koli:ge:; 'casting no shado\v'. Uyg. V I I I ff.
D kelglr- IIap. leg.; Inchoative f. of kel-: 1 h d . TT VI 99 (bodsuz).
X n k . rr ol m q a : kelgirtli: rrr~rrnnrrdrca k&/a
ntr y d r i ilnlyn 'he wished (to colne) and \\.as T r i s . V. G L G -
on the point of coming to me' Kap. 11 196 L) ke1ginle:- ilap. leg.; prob. used only in
(kelglrc:r, ke1girrne:k). the Ger. in -II: Xak. X I kelginleytl: (RIS.
hrlr~izleyrr, no doubt in error) a k t ~ m t z'we
T r i s . GLG rushed oil them like a flood' k-a$. 1 3 4 3 , 24;
n.m.e. I
ke1e:gii: (9-) an old animal name ending
In -gii:. Survives only(?) in SW xx Anat. D keligse:- Desid. Den. V. fr. kellg;
gelengi I gelengii I geIenkI / geleni 'field n.0.a.b. Xak. XI 01 maga: ke1igse:di: 'he
mouse, ~llicromysminiitus' SDD 605, which, wished to come to me' (ya'fiyani) Kay. III
rather than 'gerboa' is prob. the meaning of 335 (keligse:r, kellgse:me:k); a.0. III 285
al-yarbli' here. Xak. xr kele:gil: a/-yarbli' (kche:-): xlv Mtrh.(?) (in a note on the Desid.
Kaf. I 448: X I V ~\fuh.(?)al-yarb&' kelegii: f.) orZda'l-nlaci' 'he wished to come' kellg-
(unvocalized) Rif. 177 (only). se:di: RV. 134 (only).
D koli:ge: (9-1 Dev. N. fr. koli:-; 'shadow,
shade'; cf. ki%lik, q.v. S.i.a.na.l.g. in a wide Dis. G L M
renpe of forms of which one or two may kiilrnlz 'the feninle of the roe-deer', the
repl-cscnt kolik; the nloderrl words include counterpart of the rnale, 1 elik. Survives
NI.: t-oih., Sag., $or koletki R I1 1270; only(?) in NE Alt. kiilrniis: Khak. k t l l b i l ~ ;
Khnk. k61.k; Tuv. xalege: SE Turki Tuv. xlilbUs: see Shch~rhnk,p. 121. Xak. S I
kiilegge: NC Klr. kBlUkU/k~l6gkii; Kzx. K B 79 (I elik).
 D I S . V', G L R -
T r i s . V. GLM- a series of disagreeable happenings) kiin tenri
D kelimsin- (g-) Hap. leg.; Refl. Simulative koliindi qerigig iize a y tegri b a t t ~k u t u n
Den. V. fr, *kellm, N.S.A. fr. kel-. Xak. iize 'the sun has come to a standstill (and is
XI 01 berii: kelimsindi: 'he pretended to
pouring its heat) over your army; the moon has
come in our direction' ((ya'fi) no?rwanci) set on your favour from heaven' T T I 3 ~ 4 o :
Kuf. II zgg (ke1irnslnii:r (hIS. helimsindi:), Xak. X I e r eligi: ada:kl: koliindi: 'theman's
kelimslnn~e:k). arms and lcgs became limp (fatnrat) from
overwork or from continuous travelling or
D kllliimeln- (g-) Iletl. Simulative Ilen. V. walk in^ as i f he wns tied to a wei~ht'(muqayyad
fr. *killurn, N.S.A. fr. kiil-; 'to smile'. mina'f-!ikI) hbf.I1 158 (k&liinu:r, k6liin-
S,i.s.m.l., witll some phortetic changc.s, e.g. me:k): K B (1 have hecorne a prisoner of the
S E Tijrki kiiliimslrl-: NC I<lr. kiilum- years nnd months) klgensiz kolUndi magu-
siiro-: N W Kk. kiillmsiri-; Kumyk, Nog. m a z a g a k 'my legs are disabled, even though
kiilemsire-: SW Az Icfiliimse-/kliliimsiin- ; not l~obbled,and cannot walk' 374.
Osm. giiliimse- Tkm. giiliimcire-/giiliim-
sire-. Xak. X I e r kiiliimsindi: 'the man (ctc.) T r i s . GLN
smilcd' (dii!rnkn) K a b 11 259 (kiiliimsinii:r, D koliigii: (?kiiliingii; g-) Conc. N. fr.
kii1timsinme:k): O s m . xlv tn xvr giiliirn- koliin-; lit. 'something harnessed'; used in
siin- 'to smile'; in several texts 1'7's 11 474; Bud. texts to translate yirna 'vehicle' in such
111324. words as Mahciycitta; n.0.a.b. Cf. kagl~:.
Dls. GLN Uyg. V I I I ff. Bud. (yo: have explained) ulug
D kelin (g-) etymologically Dev. N. fr. kel-, klqig k6liigiilerig the Great and Small
in the sense of 'one who comes in (to the Vehicles' (Mahtiycina and Hittaycina) Hum-is.
family'; properly a term of relationship mean- 1772-3; iiq koliigii 'the Three Vehicles' do.
ing 'the wife of one's younger brother or son' 1922; taysrg savslg koliigiiler 'the T'ay-
used only hy the father or elder brotl~erof the h.sing (MahipBna) and IJsiao-hsin~(Ijinayina)
nusband, but more usually rather generally for vehicles' SIIV.276, 11-12.
'bride'; indeed it seems to be the only native D ke1igii:n (g-) Hap. leg.; Collective f. of
T'urkish word with that meaning. S.i.a.m.l.g., kelin. Tiirku vr11(my mother the xatun, my
normally as kelln, but NW- Kumyk: SLV step-mothers, my junior auntslelder sisters)
Osm., Tkm. gelin. See Doerfer 111 1700. ke1igii:nim 'my younger bmthers'/sons'
(Tiirkii vrrr see ke1igii:n): Uyg. vrrr ff. Bud. wives' (and my consorts) I N 9 .
T T VI 311 ( i ~ g e r - ) :Civ. T T VII 28, 51
(taptndur-): 0. KIT. rx ff. 1Cfal. 3, 6 (1 kl:z): Tris. V. GLN-
Xak. xr kelin 01-'orris 'a bride' Kab I 404;
0.0. I11 12 (yovii~lig);242 (kizlenqii:): KH D kelinle:- (9-) Hap. leg. ?; Den. V. fr. kelin.
494 ( a g ~ n ) ,2380 (kiide:n), 3567 (bezen-): Uyg, VIII ff. Civ. (in an adoption contract,
xlv nfuh. of-'arlis geli:n Mel. 49, 10; Rif. 144 the adopter agrees to put the adopted son on
(adding rua'l-hanna also 'daughter-in-law'): an equal footing with his natural sons and)
F a g . xv ff. kblin 'artir Son. 316r. 19 (quotn.): kelinlep 'provide him with a wife' USp.
X w a r . XIV kelln 'hridc' Q~rfb94: Kom. X I V 98, 26.
ditto C C G ; Gr. : KIP. xrrr nl-'arris ke:li:n E kel9izle:- See kelgin1e:-.
IT011. 32, 3: X I V kelin 01-kanna rca'l-'artis Id.
84: xv 'arrisa kelin Ttrh. 24h. 10. T r i s . GLR
D kB11I~(g-) Den. N. (pcrhaps Ilim. f.) fr. keler 'lizard'; survives a9 keler in SE Tar.
k9:l; n.0.a.h. (Uyg. vrrl ff. Man.-A kiiliig in R 11 1113; S W Osm. (which, with Az., also
1l.I I to, 8 is prob. an error for kiiliinq has kertenkeler, same meaning). There is no
'smiling'; see k i n ) : Xak. XI koliig al-ciyya, widely distrihuted word for 'lizard' in the
that is 'a pool of stagnant water (mustanqo'it'l- modern languages, see kesllnqii. Xak. XI keler
-md') on which birds settle' Kaf. Ill 372; 01-dabb 'lizard' K ~ J .1364: KIP. X I I I a!-rcaran
k6:lii:g (sic) al-iodir 'a pond' I 73, I I . 'lizbrd' ke1e:r Hoti. 11, 19 (sic; altered by
: al-dnbb (PU r:wan, Hap.
Hou. to R e l e : ~ ) xrv
D kiiliine (g-) Dev. N./A. fr. *kiiliitl- Refl. leg.)/keler; ol-rooran keler Bul. 10, 12-13:
f. of kiil-; survives in SW Az. k i i l i i n ~ Osm.
; O s m . xrv ff. keler 'lizard'; in several texts
g i i l i i n ~'amusing, ridiculous; laughing-stock; T T S 1413; 11 61 r ; III 431 ; IV 492: xvII1
mockery'. (Uyg. vrrr ff. Man.-A. see koliig): keler, in Rrinri, srirmzr 'lizard' Sun. jwv. 28.
Xak. rt kiiliine al-dihk 'laughter', etc. Kay.
111 374: KB kiiliinq 'lau!hing stock' 2442 Dis. V. GLR-
(urun~)O : s m . xv giiliinc a laughing stock';
in one text T T S I11 324; (gUlenq 'smiling' in D keliir- (8-) the earliest Caus. f. of keI-;
1 3 3 6 is prob. an error for giileq, not an old n.0.a.b.; later displaced by keltiir-, q.v.
word). Tiirkii VIII evi:n barkl:n kal1:slz ke1ii:rti:
'they hrought all their tents and movable
Dis. V. GLN- possessions' I N I ; I S r I (bedizqi:) a.o.0.:
D koliin- (8-) Refl. f. of k61-; n.0.a.b.; vrrr H. buza:gu: ke1U:rrni:g 'it gave birth to
apparently used only metaph. for 'to be a calf' IrkB 41: Man. be! tegri y a r u k t n
weary, as if overloaded'. Uyg. ~ I I ff. I Civ. (in blzigerii keliirdi e r s e r when they had
 . GLR-
hroucht us the lipht of t t ~ c12ivc Cinds' Chuos. 'cntninp and S.i.s.ln.1.c. for 'cominp,
226-7; O . O . ( / ( I . 104-7 ( k i k g u r - ) ; Af III 23. arrrval'; S\V Aa. k e l l g ; Osrt~. Relig. Uyg.
10-11 (ii): UyR. ~ I I ff. I Chr. (the gifts) k l m vlrr ff. Hud. Ilii~tt-ts.293, 2089 ( h a r r g ) : X a k .
keliirmig e r t l l e r 'which they had brought' X I Kap. 1 3 7 0 ( b a n g ) : K U 4421 ( b n r r g ) : C n g .
b' I 6, 13: Ilud. t e r k l n m a g a k e l u r i i g l e r xv ff. k&ll$ d~rrndatl 'cornit~g'.Snrz. 316r. 1 8
'bring me rluickly' U 11112, 1 4 ; t h g l n l g e s e n (quotn.).
t u k e l k e l i i r z u n l e r 'let them bring back the D l s . V . GLS-
prince safe and sound' PP 22, 6-7; o.o. do.
25. 6 ; 29, 2-3; Krron. 76 ('to give h ~ r t hto'); I) kellg- ($-) Rccip. f. o f k e l - ; properly 'to
7'7' 1'1 62 (L'III 0 . 6 ) ; X 366, etc.: Civ. conic together'. S.i.a.111.l.g. with a ratllcr wide
keliiriip b e r i i r m e n 'I will hring and hand range of nleanings of which tile commonest
over' (certain goods) USp. 62, 9-1 I ; a.0. ('to is 'to come to an agreerncnt'. X a k , XI 01
give birth t o ' ) T T V I I 26, 18 (1 uri:). m a g a : kellgtll: b a r l $ d ~ :'he came to visit me
(ixtalafa ilayyn) and I went to visit him' K a h
I> 1 kiiler- (9-) Intrans. Den. V. fr. k6:l; II I 10 (keli$u:r, ke1lgme:k): K I J (if I asso-
n.o.a.b. X a k . X I kiilerdi: S U : ~ 'the ivatcr ciate with other people) b a r i g g u k e l l g g u
becarne stationary and stagnated (isfardda . . . k e r e k m e n k u l e ' I shall have to exch;lnEe
cco'sfnnqn'o) and formed a pond' (a[-iadir) visits with them with a smile' 4569.
K(l$. 1I 84 ( k o l e r u r , ko1erme:k); kak1a:r
k a m u i : kolerdi: 'the dry watercourses filled L> kiilig- ( 2 - ) Ilap. Icg.; Co-op. f. of kiil1:-.
with natcr' 1 1 7 9 , 19; 11 283, 2. X a k . sr 01 m n g e : uliig k i i l l ~ d l :'he helped
m e to bury (jirlnjn) the corpse' k-ag. II I t o
VUI) 2 k o l e r - n.0.a.b.; prob. merely a (kijliqii:r, kii1lgme:k).
metaphor. usage of 1 kliler-. X a k . XI at
kolerdi: 'the horse swelled (inbafaha) owing D kiililg- (g-) Co-op./Recip. f. of kill-; 'to
to dilation (intifix) of the stomach' and the like laugh together; to laugh at one another'.
K a f . I1 84 ( k o l e r u r , kii1erme:k; prov.); a.0. S.i.a.m 1.g. X a k . X I bodu:n k a m u g kliliiqdl:
I 523, 1. 'the people all laughed together' ( t a ~ ~ t r a k a )
Kag. I I I I (kiilii9ii:r.
~ kii1itgme:k): X I I I ( ? )
\'U(I)) killre:- Hap. leg.; syn. w. kii1dre:-, 7i.I. k u l u g - ditto 188: X w a r . xrv ditto Qrrtb
q . ~ . and
, perhaps an abbreviation of it. X a k . 107.
XI ta:g k u d u g d a : kii1re:di: 'the stone made a T r i s . GLS
noise of thi, sort ($omuofa . . . hi-hddihi'l-rijo)
in the \\ell' Kaj. 111 282 (kiilre:r, ku1re:- D kiiliigug (g-) Hap. leg. ; N.Ac. fr. kiiliig-.
me:k). Uyg. vrlrff. Man. k o z i k a r a m b i r l e
k u l u g i i g i n kiilii$iigln (sic) o l i ~ r a l l m'let us
L) k e l u r t - (8-) Ilap. leg.?; Caus. of keliir-. sit and laugh with my black-eyed (beauty)' hl
UyR. V I I I ff. Bud. (the king ordered his minis- II 9, 19-20.
ters to hring goods to present as alms) i i t r u
kamag buyruklnr ... bugrlrg e r t l n i l e r D keliglig Ilap. leg.; P.N./A. fr. kcllg. X a k .
XI (after kellg) hcnce 3 hostclry (or gucst housc,
keliirtip 'then all the ~ n i ~ l i s t e rhad
s precious
objrrts hrt~uglit for (presentntion as) alms' bayttc'l-dijrir~) is called keligllg b n r ~ g l i ge v ,
U III 12. 14-16. that is 'a house of coming and gninp' K a f .
1 370.
D i s . V. GLS- h l o n . GM
1) kelse:- (g-) Ilap. leg.; D ~ s i d f.
. of kel- and 1 k e r n 'illness'; like k e g e n nnrn~nllyused in
syn. ii-. ke1Igse:-; the entry is in a section for Hcnd. w. 1 i:g; acc. t o KO$. k e m l e n - \\,as
Ilic. V.s but is a complete ~liuddle. X a k . xr used sprcificallv of horses, hut this cannot
m e n sngn: ke1igse:tlim 'I wished to come to apply to k e r n in Ilyg. Survives only(?) in SW
you'(ntiynk); alternative fc~rnm( I I I ~ke1se:dim
~) Anat. (one group of refugees) k e r n 'a chronic,
KIIS.I11 285 (kelse:rmen, ke1se:me:k; MS. painful, cardiac disease' S D D 873; not to be
ke1ise:- everywhere). confused with S W Osm. k e m 1.-w. fr. Pe.
knm 'deficient, bad', etc.. Uyg. V I I I ff. Bud.
L) k u l s i r - (g-) pec. to Kay., and more o r less ig k e r n 'illness' (Hend.) U 11 42, 7 ; 43, 19:
svn. \v. kiilyir-, q.v., which is not mentioned Civ. TT V I I 28, 5 ( 1 i:g): X a k . XI k e r n
hy Kag.; Simulative f. i n - s i r - (not noted al-da' 'illness'; hence one says at k e m l e n d i :
elseivhcre) of k u l - ; 'to smile'. X a k . XI er 'the horse (etc.) was ill' (dd'n) KO$. 1 3 3 8 ; a.0.
kiilsirdi: 'the man pretended t o smile' 11363, 20: K B (the physicians) o l i g k e m n e
(yntobnssnm) also used when he (actually) e r m l q ayu b e r d l l e r 'declared what the illness
smiled (idn' tnharsama) Kay. 11 196 (kB1- (Hend.) was' 1057.
s i r e : r , kiils1rme:k); (in a grammatical Sec-
tion) kii1sirge:n e r 01-rar~rltc'l-mibsdm 'a man 2 k e r n See k i m .
who (constantly) smiles' I1 256, 17.
k i m properly only the Interropative Pron.
'who ?', parallel to ne: 'ivhnt ?', hut, tilllike ne:,
1)is. GLS never used as an Interrvp. Adj. 'I'he concept of
U kelig (g-) Dei.. N. (with some element of Relative I'rons. ivas entircly foreign to'l'urkish,
reciprocity) fr. kel- ; in the early period nearly in which I'articiples and the like are used where
nli\oys used in association w. b n r i g , q.v., for 1nd1)-l?~rrol>rnn 1:lngungen use Relative Prons.,
 I
DIS.
b u t when the 'I'urks hecamc acquainted with 'he said, nr saw, that', occasionally as Relative:
such languages, and rrligious works in thern xrv k i r n 'who; that'; k i m i . ..
k i r n l Q t r ~ b9 8 ;
hepan to be trar~slatcdinto'l'urkish, usually by ditto and k i r n s e MN passim: K o m . xrv k i r n
persons whose native language was not 'I'urkich, in a wide range of meanings C C I , C C G ; Gr.
k i r n came to he used as a llelativc I'ron., and, 1 4 3 7 (many qrtotns.): Krp. X I I I k i r n is the
hastcned hy the phonetic resemhlancc, in all Turkish word for manu'l-istifhdm 'who?' Hold.
1 the meanings of I'e. h i and other cognate 51, 9 ff. (examples given): xrv kirn 'who?';
Iranian words, i r ~ c l u d ~ nthe g Conjuction 'that'. k i r n s e 'someone', also klrnerse:/kirnersene:
(;runl~cch's Knnr~nisches IVijrfcrbtrch dcvotcs i d . 8 4 ; man k i m ; k i r n alro occurs in the mean-
five pages to the various meanings of k i r n in ings of anna 'that*; ?talfd' (in order) that',
Kom. xrv. N o attempt has been made here to afiadi 'who' and ha'anna 'as if' Brrl. 15, 8 : xv
list all the medieval non-'I'urkish uses of the man k i r n Karr. 16, 8-16 etc.; anna k i / k i r n
word. S.i.a.m.1.g.; in NE Alt., Kiier., Leb., do. 28, 1 9 ; Itarfn'l-nmpdar k i r n ; this k i r n is
?el. (R 111202), and Khak. k e r n ; 7'uv. k t m also a Conditional Conjunction, an Interroga-
(sic). everywhere clse k i r n . 'I'he N E form, tive and hnrf tnapdari meaning nnxa do. 72, 6;
together with the 'I'iirkii spelling k m , sug- k i r n is common in the grammatical part of
gest that the word may originally have been ?irk. 4 3 a 9 ff. as Interrogative, Relative, Con-
kBm. T i i r k i i v ~ kr e ~ m k e : Blig k a z g a n u r - junction, etc.
m e n 'for whom am I gaining a realm?' I E
9 ; 6 l i ~ i n t o r 6 : a i n k e r n a r t a t ( t ) ~ : 'who k o r n Intensifying I'refiu, see 4 k6:k
destroyed your rcalm and customary law?'
r I E 22, 11 t?' 19: vrrr ff. (if the tint of the stone M o n . V. GM-
is green) k e m ozi:nte: t u t s a r 'whoever *kern- See k e m u r - .
carries it on his person' (cannot he endangered
by poisonous insects) Toyok 27 ( E T Y 1159; a k o m - (9-) 'to bury', both specifically for 'to
translation fr. Sogdian; in parallel passages bury' (the dead) and nlorc generally for bury-
t u t s a r is used without the k e m ) : Man. y e r i g ing something in the ground, ashes, etc.; some-
t e g r i g k l m y a r a t m t v t e p e n b i l t l m i z 'we times even more generally for 'to dig, cultivate'.
know who created earth and heaven' Cliuar. S.i.a.m.1.g.; in NW Kumyk; SW Osm.,
167-8; in do. 127 k i r n seems to be 'who' hut T k m . g o m - . See ko1i:-. Uyg.vrrr ff. Civ. i s i g
the text is corrupt; (thereafter the holy king's k i i l k e k o m i i p 'bury them in hot ashes' H I
thoughts weakened a little) 01 t ~ l t a g l nk i r n 151; 0.0. do. 3 j (1 o:t); USp. 13, 4 ( e r ) ; 32,
InGa e y i d t i 'for the reason that he heard the 6 : X a k , xr 01 iiiugni: k o m d i : 'he buried
following' TT I1 6, 31 : U y g . vrrr ff. Man.-A (dafana) the corpse' (etc.); and one says (01)
ot k i r n ~ g a c d au n i i p 'the fire which arises kij:zme:n k o m d i : itfaxada'l-xubz fi'l-malla
from wood' M 1 7 , 2 ; 0.0. of Relative k i r n do. 'he put the loaf in the hot ashes' Kay. II 27
8 , r r ; 15, 3 ; 16, 5 ; 17, 8 etc.: Man. k i r n ( k o m e : r , k o m m e : k ) : KB 521 z (egii:-):
! Relative. 'who, which' Wind. 23, 33, etc.; Con- XIII(?)At. (the wise man says what has to be
junction 'that' ria. 18, 46: n u d . k i r n is rather said and) k e r e k s i z s o z l n i k o m i i p k i z l e y u r
rare as an Interrog. but common as a Relative 'buries and hides unnecessary remarks' 118:
Pron. and Conjunction: Civ. k i r n is n3t Tef. k o r n - 'to bury' 183: xrv Rhg. ditto R II
common; in H I it is only Ilelative, else- 1319 (quotns.); Mull. dufana g o m - dfel. 26, 3 ;
where usually Relative, csp. in the phr. n e g o : m - Ri/. 109: Gag. xv ff. g i i m - ('with g-')
k i m , n e g u k i m 'whatever' T7' V I I 28, 37- ba-zamittpinhdn kordan 'to hide in the ground',
j 2 : X a k . X I k i r n Interrogative Pron. (harf and sometimes 'to p u t on one side and hide,
istiflrdm) meaning 'who?' ( n i ~ n ) one ; says bu: but not in the ground' San. 3ogr. 4 (quotns.):
k i r n 'who is this?' used hoth for the Sing. and X w a r . xrv k o m - 'to bury' Qutb l o r : Korn.
the Plur. ?'he Oguz say bo:y ki:m (sic) xrv ditto CCZ; Gr.: K I D X I I I dafana kom-
mani'l-qabilo, 'who are your tribe?', ~t IS a Hou. 33, 18: xlv ditto i d . 84; tamma zca qabara
collective noun (ism cam') K a f . 1 3 3 8 : about 20 'to cover u p ; to bury (the dead)' k o m - R I ~ .
0.0. equally divided between k i m and ki:m; 5gr.: xv dofann k o m - Knrl. 76, I ; Ttrh.
as a Nom. nearly always Interrog., but always 16a. I .
Relative as a n Acc. o r Gen.: KB k i r n is
D i s . GhiE
common, usually Relative, less often Interrog. :
XIII(?)At. k i r n is common in both uses; Tef. k e m i : (g-) 'ship, o r boat'; s.i.a.m.l.g. usually
k i r n 'who?; w h o ; that'; k a y u k i r n 'whoever'; as k e m e , but SE Tiirki k e m e ; N\V Kumyk
k a c a n k i r n 'when', etc.; k i m s e 'anyone' g e m e ; S\V Az. k e m i ; Osm., Tkm. g e m i .
179-80: xrv Muh. mnnu'l-istgka'm 'who ?' T h e balance of evidence is for -e- as the first
1. k i : m ; it also means alladi 'who' Mel. 16, 16; vowel, but it was certainly -6- in Xak. and
Rif. 94; a.o.0.: Gag. xv ff. k i r n ( I ) a word this occurs sporadically in Uyg. I n most
which takes the place of Ri as a Conjunction modern languages this word means 'ship',
(dar rarodbit), i.e. 'that' (quotn.); (2) !rnrf-i other words like up:n and k a y g u k , q . v . ,
rrfifhdm, that is qi kaslki 'who?' Son. 316r. being used for smaller vessels. See Doerfer I11
zo: Oguz XI Kaq. I 338 (sec Xak.): X w a r . 1703. Uy& vrrr ff. Dud. (if he goes to sea)
X I I I k l m 'who ?' ; k i m e r s e / k i m s e / k i r n e s n e k a r a ye1 k e l i p k e m i s i n t o k ~ p'a black wind
'someone'; k i m i ... k i m i 'the one . . . the comes and strikes his ship' Krran. 20; k e m i s i
/
other' 'Ali 17: xrrr(?) k i r n is common in Og.; (sic) b a t r n t ~'its ship has sunk' Hiien-1s. 1891-
I u s ~ ~ a l liny such phr. as d 6 d l k i m , kiirdi k i m 1892; o.o. PP 17, 1-3 (udrk), etc. (in PP spelt
 GME
h i ) : Xak. X I kern]: (hi-knsri'l- kcf among the K i ~ p : I 445; ;I.<). I11 358 (slg; ~iiis-spelt
'I'urtis) a/-srrfitta 'ship' Knj. 111 2-35 (verse): kCn~rtz(e:),
s ~ r r ( ? )TeJ. kernl 'ship' 171 : xrv Muh. Dis. Crvll>
01-rnjitlo rrn'f-nrorknb ('ship') getnl:; a!-
-safitrirtn'l-:(rg:irn giq1: gernl: n.Ic1. 62; Rif. 161 1) kerndiilc llap. I q . ; 1':iss. 1)cv. N./t\. fr.
(and see knyjitlk): Gag. av ff. kbrne ('with kerntli:- Xnk. X I kerndiik niir~iika/-'rrrriq
k-') g ~ i ~ rI'rl.
i 360 (quotn.); kCrne (spelt) 7irino'l-'izrim 'a Iwne nliich hn.; Ireen stripped
snjino rcn zntrmq ('1)oat') Son. 316r. 26 of nirat' K I I )1480.
.
(~~uot1i.j; a.o 110. 65'. 25 ( u q n : ~ ~Of?,uz/Ktp.
):
ar kerni: (hi-J~rtl~i'l-kiij)al-snJino Kay. I11 Dls. V. (:MD
235: X w a r . xrv k e m i 'ship' Qtrtb 94: Korn. kerndi:- llap. leg.?; cf. kerndiik. Xak. X I
xrv 'ship' kerne CCC;; Gr.: KIP. xrrr nl-snfina K B (do not draw a Itnife at tnlrle and) sligiik
kerni:; also kereb which is Rrilni (Greek kerndime 'do not strip :I hot~euf rileat' + I ~ I .
kornbos) Ilorr. 7, 6: xrv (l'krn.) kerni: al-
-sn/iniz; keme: nl-rnnrkab in KIP. id. 84; ol- 1) kiimtur- (8-) Caw. f. of kiirn-; s.i.n~.m.l.;
-mnrlznb kerni:; (ai-safina k e r r e b (sic)) Btrl. 4. SW Osnt., 'l'krn. giitndiir-. Xak. X I ol
13: xv snJincr ketne (in marnin kctni; rua'l- ye:rde: ne:g komturdi: 'he had the thing
-srrcira uqan) Trtlr. rqo. 7; tnorki~bkerne do. burietl (oiiJir~ro)i l l tile grr,und' Kop. 11 196
331' 5 . (kKmtiirur, k0mturrne:k) C a k . xv tf. giim-
Dls. GMC diir- Caus. f.; bn-zomi~t~itrlrdnfnr7n1ih1r 'to
have (somerl~ing)hitlden in the #round' Snrr.
1) kiimeq (giirnmep) a1)breriatcd Dev. N. in 3oyr. 17.
- m e $ (for kinds of food) fr. k 6 m - ; lit. ('food) Dis. G M G
buried (in the ashes to cook it)'. Survives
meaning 'bread baked in the ashes', or the PU1F k e m e k Iiap. leg.; prob., like nlany
like, in SE Tiirki kiirneq/ko:meq: NC Klr. other narries of fabrics. a I.-w.; the word has
kiirniiq: SC Uzb. ktirnaq: NUr Kk. k a m e $ ; one fnr/ra which might he over either of the
I<az. k u m e q ; hut in S W Osm. giimec (sic) first two consonants. Xak. XI k e m e k nosic
now means only 'honrycomb' (rnctaph., owing min qlrfn tntrrlnqqnp i~rrrfncvncrlf 'a woven cotton
to its shape). See Doerfer 111 1643, 1687. Xak. material, embroidered, with white stripes',
X I korneq 'a round loaf (a/-qrtrs) which is used to make outer garnlrnts (01-tlitlrir); the
buried (ptrd/nn) in the hot ashes': komeq Ktpvak make rain-coats (nl-momc?!ir) from it
(ttrim unvocalized) al-krrnz 'a buried treasure'; Knj. 1392.
one says 01 komeq (MS. k6mu~)buldl: 'he Dis. GML
found a buried treasure' Knj. I 360; (as an
example of -q as a Suff.) komeq al-qtrrs D k e m l i g IIap, leg. ? ; I'.M./A. fr. 1 k e m ;
derived fr. komdi: dnfonn fi'l-rnrtr&/ ('ashes') 'ill'. Uyg. V I I I ff. Bud. Strv. 585, 13
1 1 2 , 8 : Gng. xv ff. San. 27v. 15 (ebe:): O s m . (ngrlW11g).
v giirneq usually 'honeycomb'; less often
s ~ ff. Dls. V. GML-
'1o;iF hnkctl in the ashes'; fairly common TTS L) kiirnul- (g-) I'ass. f. o f k i i ~ n -s.i.ln.m.1.;
;
1318; I 1 447; I V 350; :111d see ebe:. SW Osm., 'I'km. gornul-. Xak. X I KU
1) kiiniqii: Hap. Icg.; inesplicahle morpho- k n r n u g 02 yazukka kKmulcli biitiin 'I am
losicully except as n crasis of *kKmiincii:. con>plrtrly Iuricd in all rny sins' 5710: Kom.
Den. V. in -qii: fr. kiirniin-, since this Suff. xlv 'to Ile Irtrried' klimfil- C C I ; ; Gr.
is nttnched onlv to Refl. V.S. 'I'he old Arab 1) krmle:- I I n p . leg,; I k n . V.fr. 1 kern. Xnk.
trihc of 'Ad his the sarne kind of legendary XI n t kemle:cli: 'the horsc was ill' ( ( l ~ r u i y r r ) ,
char:tcter in Classical Arabic as tavgaq, q:v., alternative word (h~go)for kettlle:ndl: (Eic)
in Xak. Xak. xr k i i m ~ i i :al-kntrr 'a burled Kaf. IZI 301 (kemle:r, kem1e:rne:k).
treasure'; ctne says tnvga:q kiirnqiksi: kanz
'Adi 'a hidden treasure of (the tribe of) 'Ad' D k e m l e t - IIap. leg.; Caus. f. of kemle:-.
(i.e. old and rare) Kat. 1 4 1 8 . . Xak. xr bu o t at@ kernletti: 'this plant
made the horse ill' (adii) Kirp. I1 348 (kem-
Tris. GhfC letu:r, kemletn1e:k); a.o. 363, 15.
D kerni:qi: (g-) N.Ag. fr. kerni:; properly D kernlen- ReR. f. of kemle:-; pec. to Koj.
'matiner, boatman'; later sometimes 'ship- Xak. XI at kemlendl: 'the horse (etc.) was
truilder'. S.i.s.m.l.; SIV Osm., Tkm. gernici. ill' (dci'a); rua a:luhu ji'l-Jams, originally (only)
See DoerJer 111 1704. Uyg. V I ~ IA: Bud. k l m of horses KO$. II 253 (kcmlenii:r, kernlen-
yCrql s u v q ~kPmiqi e r s e r whoever is a me:k); 0.0. I 3 3 8 (1 kern); Ill 301 (kem1e:-).
guide, pilot, or mariner' PP 22. 4-5: (Xak.)
x ~ Aluh.
v r(itti'ri'l-si!fr~i~
'ship-builder' gemi:qi: T r l s . GML
11frl. 58, I ; K i j . 156; mollfi/r 'mariner, sailor'
gcmiqi: 5 8 , I I ; 157: Klp. xrri a/-rr~ifi'sailor' 1) kiimiildiiruk (g-) N.I. fr. *kBmiil, a cor-
kerni:cl: Ilolr. zf, 5. ruption of kiigiil (cf. some modern forms of
koglek); 'the breast-strap' of a saddle. An
kBmi:qe: (listed under 'fn'EIri, with various early I.-w. in hqong. as k<jiirrriildiirfi.e(Huenisch
\-oweis') 'gnat'; n.o.3.b.; of an unusual form, 103, Koru. 2612), and reborrowed in that fortn
--- -1- - 1...Ycalr r r kiimirre! "1-hnnn 'a in N E 'I'el. R 11 1322; othrr\vine sur\*ives
 DIS.
orily(?) in NC I<lr. kiimiil~tiiriik;SW Osm. semantically more connected w. kemdi:-.
giimtildiiriik. Xak. X I komiilduruk 01- Si.a.m.l.g.; in Ni5' Kun~yk; SW Osm.
-1abab fi'l-rorc 'the breast-strap of a saddle' g e m i r - ; 'I'km. gkmir-. Xak. X I o l 8iigU:k
I&$. 1 530; ditto, quoted as a word with six kemurdi: 'he sucked the marrow (tamajyoya)
consonants 1 17, 5: Kom. xlv 'breast-strap' out of the boric' Kap. I1 85 (kemiirlir.
komiildriik C C I ; Gr.: Klp. x ~ r r a[-labob kemiirme:k): Gag. xv ff. kiimiir-(-dl; 'with
komiilduruk Hou. 14, 2: xlv ditto id. 84: k-) kemiik ve gayri nesne gemiir- 'to gnaw
xv lahnh yilmUldUriik (sic, in error?) Tuh. bones or other things' Vel. 372; gBmiir- (so
grb. to: O s m . xvff. g6miildtiriik 'breast- spelt) cdyidan 'to chew. gnaw' San. 3ogr. 18
strap'; common in Ar. and Pe. dicts. T T S I (quotns.): Kom. xrv 'to gnaw' k e m i r - C C G ;
319; 11448; 111306; I V 351: X V I I I gomiil- Gr.: Kip. x ~ vk e m u r - mapmap'l-apm fd. 84
diiriik (spelt) in RCmi 'the breast strap' (rina- (mapmaja means 'to macerate,' but seems here
-band) of a horse or camcl; in Ar. nrosrlfir zoa to be a vulgarism for maygo 'to suck the mar-
labah Sun. 3ogv. 16. row'): xv malmafn tua marmaJa (a post-
Classical word) k e m i r - Z'trh. 35b. 9; a.0.
Dis. GMN 84b. I I .
P U kiimen Hap. leg.; the general meaning D kernrug- (9-) Hap. leg.; Recip. f. of
'trickery', or the like, is certain, hut other k e m u r - . Xak. X I ola:r ikki: siigii:k k e m -
occurrences of yClvi: do not provide any close rugdi: 'thry sucked the marrow (lanlappaya)
parallel; possibly rnistranscriI)cd. Uyg. V I I I ff. out of hones and conlpeted in doiny! so' Kaf.
Rutl. neg yelvi k o m e n tegmegey 'no sorcery 11224 (kemriiqii:r, kemriigme:k).
or trickery shall come ncar them' IJ I1 71,
2-3 (ii). T r i s . GMR
Dis. V. GMN- 3 k6miirge:n See k6viirge:n.

I D komiin- (g-) Refl. f. of k b m - ; n.0.a.b.

Xak. X I e r tava:rln kilmiitidi: 'the man pre-
tended to hury (yarvt~n)his property' ICq. I1
158 (kiimiiniir, komtinme:k).
D kamiirliig IIap. leg.; P.N./A. fr. k6miir.
Xak. X I (after komiirluk) 'and the owner of
(charcoal) with -g' Kaj. 1506.
D ki3miirluk A.N. (Conc. N.) fr. k a m i i r ;
T r i s . GMN survives in SW O s n ~ komiirliik
. 'a place for
E kominqe: See komkqe:. storing charcoal'. Xak. xr korniirllik jaca-
ru'l-faiim caa mawdi'u'l-fal~rn' a tree for making
D kiimiindi: (g-) Nap. leg.; Pass. I)ev. N.IA. charcoal, and a place for storing it' Kay. 1506.
fr. kiimun-. Xak. X I komiindi: ne:g 'any-
thing buried' (mndf~iin)Kai. 24.50. Dis. G M S
I F k i m s e n a Chinese phr., apparently chin
Dis. GMR
hsien 'gold thread' (Giles 2,032 4,532; Middle
kfirniir 'charcoal'; in some modern langua~.es Chinese Kim sen); the meaning does not match
also used for '(mineral) coal'. S.i.a.m.l.g., in- exactly, but alternative phr. with nearer mean-
variably with initial k - ; this fact, and the fact ings do not match phonetically. N.0.a.b.
that i t has only in recent times come to mean X a k . X I kimse:n 'thin gold leaves' (ruqriqdlu'l-
'coal' excludes any possibility of deriving it fr. -dahah) which are used on hats (01-qalrinis),
kUm-. Uyg. vrlr ff. Man. k o m i l r bolupan eic. Kap. 1 437: Gag. xv ff. k i m s e n ('with
'becoming charcoal' M 111 28, 6 (iii) (text k-') kimzen, that is 'gilded (or gold-coloured?)
fragmentary, but preceded by a reference to leather which mirror-makers put on mirrors
burning wood): Xak. X I K B 3837 (tiirt-); (quotn.); k i m s e n d ditto (quotn.) eI'!. 359;
3951 ((Iqiik-): xrv Muh. nl-/ri!rm 'charcoal' k i m s e n (spelt) pristi ki 6nrd mu'asjar-r zarrzn
g o m u r (sic) Mel. 61, ro; kii:mur Rf. 160: scizand 'gilded (or gold-coloured) leather' Son.
Gag. xv ff. k6miir ('with k-') k6miir Vel. 360 316r. 23 (quotn.): Kom. xrv k e m s e n 'gold
(quotn.); k a m u r (spelt) ~11261'charcoal'; also leaf' or the like C C G ; Gr.
called kernfir Son. 3ogv. 12 (quotn.); reverse
entry 316r. 25 (quotn.): X w a r . xlv k o m i i r D k e m s i z Hap. leg.; Priv. N./A. fr. 1 k e m ;
'charcoal' Qrltb I O I : K o m . xlv 'coal, or char- 'free from illness'. Uyg. vrl1 ff. Bud. Srra.
coal1(?)kBmiir C C I ; Gr.: KIP. X I I I a/-falrm 20, 19 (igsiz).
k e m i l r Hou. 23, 20: xlv ditto Bzrl. 4, I I ;
k o m i i r al-fa!tm fd. 84: xv ditto Trih. 28a. 3. Dis. Gki$
kiimug (g-) 'silver'; s.i.a.m.1.g.; NW Kk.
f)k e m r i i k (g-) Pass. Dev. N./A. fr. kemiir- ; g i i m i s ; Kumyk g u m u g ; S W Osm. giimiig,
crack, gap; cracked, gappy'. N.0.a.b. Xak. but Tkm. kiimug. Tiirkii vrrr I S 5, 11N 3,
XI Kap. 1 478 (kertlik): Klp. xrv k e m r i k etc. (a1tu:n): UyR. v l r ~ f f .Rud. Sanskrit
al-qfmm 'with gappy, or miss in^, teeth' id. 84. rajnfasya 'of silver' kiimiiqniig T T VIII E
47; 0.0. PP 36, 7; 42, 2-3 (egir-); Ktcan.
Dis. V. GMR- 18: Civ. kiimiiq is common in commercial
(D) kemiir- (g-) 'to gnaw' and the like; documents in USp.; when unqualified it
niorpholo~icallyCaus. f. of *kern-, but hard means 'coin' (actually copper) as opposed to
I to connect semantically w. kemiq- q.v.; notes, rather than physical silver, e.g. m a g a
I3ulrn1gka a s r k k a kiirniig k e r g e k b o l u p Gr.: Kip. ~ I I Ilmdqfn ke:miy- i l ~ ~ r 34,r . lo:
'since I, Iluln~cg,required (a loan of) cash at int- xrv k e m l g - bn!n!m 'to cast down' ld. 84: xv
erest' C'sp.18, 2-3; the amount of the loan was ramli 'to throw' ( b i m k - / ) kemlg- (/gal-/ylk-)
a l t ~s r t l r kiirniig 'six srfrr in coin' 18, 3-4 and Tub. 173. 13; laqqniln 'to throw'(sal-/hrrak-/) i
the mtrnthly rate of interest was b i r e r y a r l m k e m l g - do. 3za. ro: Osrn. xrv and xv kemiv-
b a k l r kumiig 'One and a half copper cash a 'to throw away; to put (son~cthingon sorne-
month' (i.e. 30 per cent per ilnnunl); this is the thing else)'; in sex-era1 texts T7S I 4 4 3 ; I I I
rate on some loans in Farn. Arch. where the phr.
t n r t m a kiirntig 'weighed (or minted) coin'
472; I v 4 9 3 . 1
also occurs: 0. Krr. rx R. Alnl. I I , 9 (a1tu:n); D korniiq- ( 9 - ) Co-op. f. rif kiim- ; r~.o.a.l,.
(in Jlol. 44 and 45 kiiniiiq is a n error for X a k . xr 01 m a g s : ne:g kiimugrli: 'he helped
the tribal nati~c Kiirniil): X a k . XI k i l m u $ rne to bury (Ji dofn) thr t h i r ~helow
~ ground'
t~i-Jj<l~lo 'silver' (verse): kiirniig 'a dirirarn', linp. 11 I I 1 (kSn~I?il:r, khrnl$me:k; sic):
hecause it is n ~ a d eof silwr: kurniig one of the xrv ~lfrrh(?) jrtsorn 'to store (.;llrrlethirlg)'
I'.N.s used fnr slave girls Kng. 1 x 7 0 ; a.0. I 4 1 3 kSmiig- H i j , log (only).
(tegin): K I j kiirniis k n l s a a l t u n m e n l g d i n
s a n"n 'if vou , inherit silver and gold from tne'
188; 0.0.479, 048, etc. : XIII(?) TPJ. a l t u n kli- D kernigge: flap. leg.; Ilev. N. fr. k c m i g - ;
m u g 188: xrv 112r1h. a[-fid& g u m l g (sic) Mel. lit. 'something laid down on the ground' or the
12, 13; 75, 6 ; Ri/. 87, 178 (k-, unvocalized): like. Xak. X I kernigge: (MS. k.!mi$~c:) lihd
X w a r . srrr(?) a l t u n kiimiig Og. 181-2; a.o.0. mrtnaqqnr K~igiari 'an embroidered KB$gar
xrv k u m u ? 'yilver' Qrrrlr 107: Korn. xrv 'sil- felt (rug?)' Kog. 1490.
ver' kumu$/kiimi$ C C I , C C G ; Gr.: KIP.
xrrr al-fi~ida k u m u g Hori. 3 I , 12; kiimig D kiimiiglug (2-) P.N./A. fr. kiimug;
P.N. of a slave girl do. 30, 11: X I V kilmilg s.i.s.m I. [lye. V I I I ff. Dud. kiirniigltig
01-fiddn Id. 84; Bul. 4, 8: xv ditto Kav. 58, 13; o t r u g k a t a g k a t e g d l 'he reached the island
Ttrlr. 283. I . and mountain of silver' PI' 35, 5-6.
T r i s . V. GM$-
( ? D ) kerni$- 'to throw away, abandon', and D kernirjil- I'asq. f. of k e m i q - ; n.0.a.h.
the like, Ilt. and metaph.; morphologically Uyg. V I I I ff. Bud. Sanskrit c~povidd/ra'cut off'
Co-op. f. of *kern-, but not connected senlan- kernipilrnig T I ' VIII 11.25: Korn. xrv
tically with k e m u r - , and with n o obviously kernigll- 'to I)e thrown out of, excluded from
Itccip. meaning; in Kaj. II 115, 4 cited as a V. (somewhere)' C C G ; Gr. 137 (rlirotn.).
which hns none of the shades of meaning nor-
nlally associated with the Suff. Survives Mon. G N
onlv(?) in N\V Kar. K n m , I,., T. R II 1210;
&;c. 21 s: in Rhb. where the early hISS. have S 1 k e n See kend.
kemig- 'Iater 0s; have sal-, ~ u r k i vrrri ff. D 2 k & n (g-)Instr. f. of *k&; a very old word
blan. Arl I 7, 7 (taggaru:); 7, 17-21 (to?): nonnally used as an tldv., or Postposition,
UyR. V I I I ff, hlan. A1 I 35, 16-17 (kovga:): meaning 'behind (of place), after (of time)',
Chr. (they picked up the stone and) 01 k u d u s but sometimee, declined as a N., its origin
iqinde k e m i g d i l e r 'threw it into that well' having been forgotten. More or less syn. w.
U18,10; a.0. do. 9 , 2 : Bud. k a p ~ g l a r ~a qnu k kkdin, q.v.; it is more prob. that rnodern
kemigeyin 'I will throw open the doors' (of words like NE ki:n are survivals of that
tnv seven treasures) U 111 47, 17-18; 0.0. word than of this. Tiirkil vlrr fT. (at first there
U-II 77, 28 ( k u r g a k ) ; T T V I 454 ( 2 u r u g ) ; is a little pain in this omen) k e n yana: edgu:
SIIV. 602, 10 (2 to:R); T T IT7 10, 9-10, etc.: bo1u:r 'later it becomes good again' I r k B
Civ. T T 1 I l o (egrl:): X a k . XI 01 ne:g 57: Uy& vrrr ff. Man.-A (the 512th year)
kerniqdi: 'he threw away (tnra!~a) the thing' b a r d u k l r l d a k6n 'after (Mani) went (to
&-ai. I1 I 1 2 (kemi$u:r, kernigme:k; prov.); heaven)' M I 12, 15: M a n . m e n d e k e n 'after
n t t g kcnigip 'gix-ing his horse its head' (i.e. me' A 1 1 2 9 , 16; a n d a t l a k e n 'nfter that' Af 11
lettinc it gsllop; !mmoln bi-filrnsilri) I 309, 15; 7, 15; a.0. 7'7' III 66-kBninte 'thereafter'
0.0. (same phr.) 441, 8; 472, 12: K B k e m i g t i 111 149; I X 47, "6: Ilud. Sanskrit paicdd
k i t g b 'he let the book drop' 1572; yak1 a t 'thereafter' kCn (so spelt) 1'7' V I l I G.16;
k e m i g s e 2285, 2386; o g u l k l z k e m i g t i a t a a.0. U II 5 , 12; a n d a k811 PP 68, 2 ; s a k ~ n -
h u r r n a t ~ 'boys and girls have given u p m l g t a k 6 n 'after thinking' T T V 6, 16; k e n
respecting their parents' 6491 ; a.0. 5649: X ~ I I k e l i g m e o d l e r d e 'in future' Suv. 138, 14;
( ? ) At. (God) k e m g u r k o d ~'casts down' (the 139, 7 etc.-Sanskrit nqrfe 'finally' k6nCnde
proud man) 282; a.o. 478; Tef. k e m i g - 'to T T V I I D.25; el) k e n i n d e I V 12, 54: Civ.
throw do\vn, throw up', ete. (several lit. and k e n is common in USp. in such phr. as
metaph. shades of meaning) 171: x1v Mrrh. biikilnde k e n 'from nnw onwards' 45, 8; tigi
(?) nlqd rca faraka 'to throw away, abandon' kigl k 8 n a g r ~ g l r gb o l s a r 'if a woman be-
k e m i q - Rif. 104 (only); !ragafa 'to cut off, comes ill after that' (i.e. after using certain
throw away' kemi:$- 107 (only): X w a r . xrv remedies) H I 121-2.
kemlv- 'to cast (into hell); to lay down (a
prayer mat)' Nnhc. 238, 14; 268, 12-13: 250, k6:g (g-) 'wide, broad'. S.i.n.m.l.g.; NW
15: K o m . srv 'to throw away' kernig- C C I ; Kumyk g e g : SW Osnl. g e n ; Tknl. gi:g.
later a~~thorities secrils t c ~hc in fact e l g u n , kiingey 'you yourself will take to the (riglit)
i.e. 1 (.:I, q.v., with the C:ollrctive Suff. - g u n . road' 4810; islzlerke h e r g e u r u p kiinrnese
I t is possible that the word transcribed 'if. w h e ~ iy r r ~Roc the wicked, the!. do not
kiiydeki and listed under 1 kuy, q.v., should reform' 5281; a.n. 1536: X I I I ( ? )Tff. ken- 'to
in fact he transcrihcd kiindeki, which was go alonl: thc (right) road' 183: K o m . x ~ kiin- v
F. \V, K . hldller's reading. If so, this k u n (sic) 'to admit, acknr~wlcdpe' CCG; Gr. 159
seems to he a I.-w. fr. Chinese k'itn 'the door (quotn.).
to the wnnim's appartnients' ( G i l a 6,550).
See Doprfer I11 I ~ X Ojr-hich , is partly based o n , kuA- (g-) 'to catc11 tire, to tiurn (Intrans.)',
unrcliahle authorities. hoth lit. and n~ctaph.,'to horn (with anger,
nnd the like)'. S.~.a.n~.l.g., -A- frillo\\.ing the
k u g 'fc~naleslax-c', the fcmininc counterpart of usual coursc (cf. ko:fi); kiiy- in Nli Alt.. I,eh.,
k u l ; sl~rvivcsonly(?) in NC I i ~ r . l, i t x . ; NW 'I'el.: N(: 1<1r., Kzx.: SC Uzli. ( k ~ t y - ) ;N W
l i k . ; nthcr lanpunpes use kara:ba$ or I.-w.s. Kk., NOF.;kiiy- in NIS Iiaq., Knib., Sap.,
'Tiirkii ~ I I sllik
I k ~ zo ~ l 1 1 k1 i i r ~krltl: 'they Khak.: SI: 'l'i~rki;S\f' 'I'km.; gily- in N W
~undetheir pure (virpiti) dni~phtersslave girls' Iiurnyk: gnyiin- in S\\' Osm. U y a . vr11 ff;
II 1.: 7 ( 1 E 7 boltr in crror for k t l t ~ : ) ;o.u. kiinke kuyiip 'hill-nt hy (the hcat of) the sun
I I:' 20, I1 I:' 17; I E 24; 1 N 9 (tirig): Uyg. Suv. (103. 10-1 I ; 0.0. U I18,27 ( t n t n ~ d - ) ;S t ~ v .
vrrr k u l ~ r n k u g i m 'rny malr and female 141, 9 ( t a m d u l - ) ; lljW IV 254, l o t : Civ.
slaves' $11. E I ; S 9 : vrrr ff. llud. k u g k u l b i r kiiy- ditto li I1 30, 154: X a k . xr o t u ~
ikintike k a r q u r 'female and niale slaves kuycli: 'the firewood (ctc.) hurnt' (ilrfornqn)
quarrel with one another' T?' V I 64 ( V I I I lin~.I11 246 (ktiye:r, kuyn1e:k); (if you say
0 . 7 ) ; k u l kiig iqlettimiz e r s e r 'if \ve have 'fire') n g ~ zk t i y m e : ~'your mouth does not
put them to work as slaves' TT I V 8, l o ; 0.0. catch fire' I 43, 12; kiigll: k u y u p 'with a
do. lo, 16; IT I 1 87, 51 : Civ. klig 'female slave' burning hcart' I 1 188, 11: Kl3 kiiyer e r d l m
is mentioned in USp. 56, 6 (as having been o t k a 'I should have burnt in the fire' (if he
sold); 73, 14 (as h a v i n ~rnarricd without leave, had not protected me) 384; ( h ~ g sare) kllyer
also called e b ~ Itarabav);
i r 10, 3 (tav kiig. a t ; (if a man's w r d s are crooked) k u y e r
the name of a k l z k a r a b a g ) : (0. Ktr. rs ff. 01 kiigiin 'he h u m s violently' 1024; a.o.o.:
kiig y u t u z 'female slave and wife' 11fnl. 42,I ; A r g u : o t u g kiindi: 'the firewood burnt'; with
very dubious text): Xak. xr k u g al-aina the sound change -y- >- - n - normal in Argu:
'female slave' Knf. III 358; Ill 428 (egirt-) Kc?. II 29 (see kon-): x r ~ r ( ? )7bf. k u y - 'to be
and three 0.0. translated 01-nnta or nl-cdri-va hurnt' 188: X I V 11Jl1lr. ilifarnqo gii:yln- Mel.
(same tne'winp): XIII(?)Tef.k u g ditto 190: 21, 16; kii:yiin- Rif. 102; nl-Jrnriq gii:ymeg
S I 11lrrh.(?)
~ 01-cdt-iyn kii:g Rif. 147 (only); (sic) 37, 10; kii:yunrnek 123: Q a g xvff.
Rhg. (Sarah said, '1 an1 a poor) kiiv "slave" (of k u y - (-di, etc.; 'with k-') j3nir- 'to hurn'
God') R I 1 1428: X w a r . xlv kiig ditto Q ~ t t b (Intrans.) VcI. 375-6; kiiy- s r i s f o ~ditto ~ Snrr.
108: K o m . ditto C C I ; Gr. 3rov. I (quntns.): X w n r . ~ I I kI u y - ditto 'Ali
30: xrv kuy-Ikiiyne- (sic?) ditto Qutb 106;
Mon. V. GN- kuy- AJN 227: KIP. slv kuytin- ilrtnmqa Id.
knn- (a-) with an c~l~l,~rrassincly wide ranRe 86; ditto kuyitl- n111. 3zv.: XV ?irrriqa 'to be
of meanings; the I,asic one was perhaps 'tohe, burnt' k u y - ( l a ~ l - )Ttrh. 13h. 8 : O s m . x ~ ff.
v
or become (physically) straight', with various goyun-lgoyn- (I,) 't!) hurn'; (2) nletaph.
nrrtnnh. extrnqinns. Survives in SE: Tiirki: of fruit 'to ripc.11 ; c.1.a.p. T T S I 329; 11
NC k r r , F%-~-sc ~ i h (.k i l n - ) NW Kk., 459; 111316; I V 361
Nop., usuall\~meaning 'to agree (with someone,
to soniethir&); to become reconciled (ditto); Dis. GNE
to l~ecnnic accustomed to, o r put u p with ?F kiine: nccllrs onlv in the ~ h r kijne: . su:v
(sonlrthing)'. l'iirkii vrrr ff. otka: konmi:g 'mercury, quicksilve;'; it is unlikely that the
kiltq iizi:kc: yarlri: bolt^: 'a sword straigh- Turks had thfir n\vn word for this exotic pro-
tened bv heat(?) mas i ~ s ~ r etod i)zi:' Mir. A duct, and this is proh. a I.-\\.., hut it must be
6-7 (!?Ti']-II 64; n~orphnlo~ically o z i : niust nn old one since the phr. hccnme a I.-1s. in
I1c a I'.N.): Xak. S I y l g ~ kondl: : ~ 'the piece Hungarian kt.'nrsd. Survives only(?) in N W
of ~vond (etc.) was stmipht' (istnqztnn); and liaz. k u n e s l v ~ ;Nop. k o n e suv.; other
nnr says ogrl: kendi: 'the thicf admitted languages use I'c., Russian, or hlonp. I.-w.s
(oqnrro) hi% thrft'; also used of anyone who (the hlnng. word rncans 'silver \~atcr'). Ilyg.
surrenders property (rcilrid bi-niiil) after ad- vrlr ff. Civ. k o n e s u v ~is an ingredient in
mitting (that it is not his); and one says e r a remedy for diflicult parturition H I 108:
yo:lka: kondi: 'the man went to the road (Xak.) xrv Mtrh. oGzi'baq 'mercury' ko:ne:
and set out along it' (ga.msn . . . ild'l-tmiq wa su: A4ci. 75, 8 ; RiJ. 178: K o m . xlv 'mercury'
mhiha'l-tnriq); (kiin- (kiiri-) follo\vs here); k o n e s u v t C C I , CCG; Gr.: Ktp. x ~ r l01-
and one says tosu:n n t kondi: 'the unruly -zi'hnq ko:ne:y SU: (also ciwa:, Pe. I.-w.)
horse was broken in and behaved properly' Ilou. 31, 14.
(irfzda ma istaqdma); also used of any thing
(a/-nmr) idd istaqdma Kap. II 29 (kone:r, 1) kirni: (g-) Dev. N./A. fr. k e n - ; 'straight;
k6nme:k); a.0. 11199, I : K R (if what I say upright', lit. and ~nataph. Survives only(?) in
is so) tilln kKn s o z i i m t u t 'ndmit it in words, N E IZhak. k h i : 'I'uv. xiinii. Uyg. v r ~ rff.
and accept my statement' 3993; ozii!J yolks hlan.-A k a n l kertli 'upright and true' M I
 DIS.
occul-s fairly often, (o) as a fondstuff offered k e n d iMcl. 75, I 5 ; k e n t Rif. 179: G a g . xv ff.
i r i relig~ouscercnictnles 7'1' 1'11 16, 15-16; (h) k6ntlkCnd (sprlt) rlilr a.n qnryn 'village' sat^.
as an ingredient 111 niedicines k u n g i t ya:gr: 316v. 16 (quotn.): O g u z X I see Xak.: K o m .
'scsnme oil' Ti"V I I I i\f. 28; H 1 9 2 , 100,etc.; X I V 'city' k c n t C C I ; GI.: K s p x1r1 a/-qnrya
(c) as an economic crop U S p . 7, 2; 20, 5 ; 27, k e n t ; ( T k m . kii:y Pe. I.-rv.) Iforr. 6, 1 3 :
6 ( p a t l r ) : (Xak.) srv Mttlt. 01-firoc 'sesame xrv k e n t nl-qoryn frl. 8 5 ; Ilrrl. 4, 3: xv nl-
oil' kuncutl ya:g 111~1. 66, 7 ; Rif. 165 -holoci rco'l-qnrj.n k e n t K,r?s. 35, r ; hnlnd k e n t
(kiinci:d); ol-sitrrsitn 'sesatne' k i i n c u d 78, 3 ; 7'1th. 8;1. 5 : O s m . hv tl, kentl/kent 'town';
kiinci: 181 : KIP. urv 01-stmsittt kiinci: Bal. 7. iri several tcxts 7'7'S I .+.47;II 616; 11' 494.
3 : xv dittcl Trrh. rya. 5 .
? I ) kiinqiik 01-cnyb nrlcinnlly meant 'the L)ls. G N I I
opening in the front of a shirt' (;1 nicaning rc- k e n t u : I < c l l ~ ~I'rnti.
s ~ v ~'sclf', 11s :ill r\clj. '<nvii',
tninrd bv the onlv ol>vioussumival, N W I<az. scc t*. (;. A7'f;, ,para. 201 ; spelt with - # i t -
kiincik ' R I I r j i h ) , hence rnore I~roadly'the in 'I'iirkii, - n d - in .Yak.; the Uyg. form is
I)osnm uf :I parnicnt' and finally 'n pocket'; it uncert;rin arid perhaps varied, hut 1 ' T I'III
is ditticult to see any semantic connection with has - m i - . Oftcn used in Hcnd. w. 1 6:z.
k6:n to justify the suggestion that it is a Dim. Survives only(?) in S W Osm. k e n d i ; except
f. of that word, hut it can liardly he a basic in NE, where f bo:d is usetl in this sense,
word. X a k . sr k o n g u k 01-cnyh; in Oguz the 'self' in all other Innguagcs is 1 ii:z. l ' u r k u
rint has a fnti~o,and it is pronnunccd k o n g e k V I I I ecjgu: elir~e: kentii: y a ~ r l t t g 'you
KCIS.1 4 8 0 : srrr(?) Tt/. kiinguk 'the bosom of yoursclvcs have offended against pour good
a garnient' 18y (kiittiiik): xrv ilIrrlr.(?) al-cayb realm' I E 2 3 , I1 E 1 9 ; 'l'ok(k)u:z O g u z
kiincu:k (-c-) Itif. 166 (only); O a u z xr see b o d u n kcntii: b o d u n l m e r t i : 'the 'l'okknz
Xak.: X w a r . xrv kiinquk hrcast pocket' O ~ L IpeopleZ werc my own people' I N 4 (in
Qrrrb rot : K o m . s ~ 'trousers'
v k o n c e k CCI, II K 29, the parallel text, r n e n i ~b o d u n r m ) :
(:CG; G r . : Krp. X I I I 01-sardzcil 'drawers' vlir tf. (;dl precious stones) ke:ntik ke:ntii:
kii:nge:k (-c-; also called i:m ( a m ) and (rF)
e r d e : m l : belgiksi: b a r 'have their own
icton) Ifnir. 18, 1 2 ; nl-cnyb ko:ngii:k (niis- vlrtoes and distinguishing characteristics'
spelt kiirncii:k) 110. 19, I : X I V k o n e e k (-2:) ol- To-v. 12-14; a.o. IrkH Posisctipt (alku:):
-sordmil fd. 85; konqiik (-e-) nl-cnyb do. 86: Illan. k e n t u o z u m i f z n i e m g e t i i r b i z 'we
s v libds 'garnient' kiinqek (-c-, also igfon) torture ourselves' Chrrlrs. 299; a.o. M 1 6, 5 ;
Tllh. 3 1 b I t . k e n d u n u g (sic) k i i ~ i i ls i n l n d a n 'from his
l'ris. V. GNC- oxv11 r n e ~ n b e rof mind' M 111 16, 3-4 (i); 0.0.
do. 6 - 9 : U y g . vllr k e n t u : b o d u n ~ r nStr. E 2:
I) k o n g u k l e n - Hap. lee.; I<rll. Ilen. 1'. fr. vlrr ff. R1an.-11 k e n t i i '(he) h i m s c l f ' A l I 8 , I r ;
kiinquk. S n k . X I to:n kiir~giiklentli: 'the a.o.0. ; k e n t u k c n t i l siinln 'their own armics'
Carlucnt 11;id nn npeniny: it1 t l ~ cfront' ( c n ~ b ) ck). 22, 5 ( i ) ; k e n t u sevigill 'self-lovc' do.
Kol. II 277(kiinqiiklenu:r, k8nguklenrnc:k). 34, 1 9 ; a.o. do. 8, 7 (u:?): hlan. k e n t i i n u ~
[asp] ' o n n ' Il'ind. 27: I31rd. Sanskrit sr~nyn!,!
Alon. GND 'he hitnsclf' ke:ntlu ozi (sic) T T V I I I A.18;
F kerirl 'town'; I.-\\,. fr. Sogdian kn$. k e n d u 'hc himself' PI' 10, I ; 0.0, do. z , 5-6
S.i.m.ni.l.g. i~sually as k e n t 'village, srnall (i9le:-); 20, 6-7 (iit1e:-), ctc.: Civ. iiz k e n -
settlement', hut generally now ohsolete except d u g i n b e k t u t g l l 'keep a firni hold on your-
ns a component in geographical names like self' T T 1 4 0 ; k e n d u kii!)iilugtn 'your own
'I'ashkcnt. Cf. 2 balrk. See Uocrfrr 111 mind' riitto; n l c n k e n d u iiziim 'I ~nyself'
170% UyR. V I I I ff. Dud. q r a v a s t k e n d k e 'to USp. 104, 3-4: X a k . xr k e n d u : 01-&it
the city of Srivasti' U 1113 + , 6 (ii); a.0. T T X ?c;nql-nnfs'sclf'; one says 01 kendii: a y d ~ 'hc :
51-2 ( b o e u n ) : X n k . XI k e n d nl-bnlod 'a himself snid' Kag. I ~ r y (the ; snake does not
iown'; hence I<;i$Rar is called O r d u : k e n d know) kentlii: egri:si:n 'iwnc nnfsihri 'its own
'the city of the (royal) residence' (a/-iqfima) crookcdtiess' I 127, 8 ; 8.0. III 29, 4 (ugra:g):
hecausc .Afr.;laivZh rc??i<lcdthere owing to its K l j (if you praise a h ; ~ d(soldier), he I,rcomcs
excellent c l i ~ n a t e ;it ic in 1-ewer China (nl- very poocl) kccjlg iigsc k e n d u k a p n k e n
-Sinrr'l-sr!flri); (verse); kencl dl-qnrja 'village' k a l u r 'if you praise a pood one, how can he
anlong the ORuz and thnqe who live in the Ing behind ?' 2400; (n marl's conduct shows his
(open) country; most of thc 'I'urks use it for ancestry) isiz a s l ~ g akcnrlu k ~ l k rt a n u k 'his
01-krirn 'n provincial town', hence the name own character is evidence of the evil man's
0:zkentl for the chief city (of-qosnba) of ancestry' 5811; a.o. 970: ~ I I I ( ?At. ) kendu
Fergana, that is 'the town uf o u r souls' (or '(him)?elf' 55, 406, ctc.; ?i.J. k e n d u 'own';
selves, bnlnd onftuind); and S e m i z k e n d 'the k e n d u ijz/oz k e n d u '(my, him, etc.) self' 172:
fat (snntina) city', hccausc of its great size, X w a r . X I I I Itendiizum '1 myself' 'Ali 54 (hut
the Persians call it Saniarqand Kng. 1 343; o z o z u m is cotnmoncr): xrv k e n d i l 'self'
k e n any 'town' in the castern provinces, an Qrrth 9 4 (iiz seems comtnoncr): K o m . X I V
abbreviation of k e n d I 339: several 0.0. of k e n d i m 'I mysclf' C C I ; k e n s i 'self' (com-
k e n d : K R k e n d is fairly cnrnlnon 216, 488 mon) CCG; Cr:. 138 (quotns.): KIP. xrv
( t i i ~ u n ) , 1043 ( u l u ~ ) ,4316 (ditto): XI[(?) k e n d u : tn'kirl li'l-nnfs 'an e n ~ p h a t i cword for
K R Y P 26 ( u l u ~ ) : srrr(?) Tef. k e n d l k e n t 'self'; one snya kendii: o z b a r d l : o r k e n d 6 z i
'town' 173: srv Alrrh. 01-qorjtn eva'l-bnlad bnrdr: dnhnhn !iaqiqn/o(tr) nqfstthrr 'he really
 GND 729

went himself'; and one says o z u m (sic, ?read used only for a point of the compass, 'south',
ozl:) bllsiin 'know for yourself' (sic); when i.c, in the direction of the midday sun. UyR.
you entrust a task to him you say this or, in the VIII ff. Bud. T T VI 83, etc. (orjdiin; kCdin);
same meaning, kentiit: 621: bilsiin 'let hini Cir. T T I 6, etc. (ogdiin); kiindtini (so read)
know for himself' id. A g ; (I, thou, you, u r ) 'its south' USp. 13, 7.
htrwn 'he' k e n d o z l ; ('they' b u l n r ) I31rl. 16, 6 : ?I: kentlir 'hemp, Cannabis'. S.i.a.m.l.g.;
s v mitrhrr 'from hini' (an(lan/)ketrsltie~l;. . . unllkcly to have hecn an indigenous plant in
'with him' (iizi: hilc:/anrn bile:/) kellsi: the area or~pinallyoccupied by the l'urks and
bile:; . . . 'in him' kensl:de: I k v . 45, 7 - r j ; proh. an Indo-European (?'130kharian) 1.-w.;
'the third Personal Pron. is kensi/kencll/iizi v. G . in Ifiicn-IS., notc 1948, suugests a remote
Tuh. 3 9 h 1 3 ; a.o.o : O s m , x ~ ff. v kentlu etymolo~ical connection with German Ifanf
'self, own'; c.i.a.p.; kenrlii iizi/kencliizi (also (and accordingly ICnalish hemp). Perhaps
k e n d a z t i m , etc.) cornirion f r . xlv to xvl T7-.S originally k e n t l r . See Do~rfer 111 1647.
1 444-7; 11 613-16; 111 432-7; I V 41)4-500: U y c . vrlr ff. ((somc people spin 1 q a g a y
X V I I I gendti (so spclt hcrc i~niy) in Rrivri,
(?'wrld hemp'), wool or) k e n d i r 'hemp' P P 2,
xwrrd wa xwijtorr 'srlf' S n ~ r .3o1r. 25 (quotn.). 4 ; k e n d i r as an economic crop do. 1 3 , 3 ; a.o.
VU ?D kondi: Ilap. leg. ; morphologically JIiiiiipn-is. 1948 ( k a m g a k ) : Civ. k e n d i r uruR1
Dev. N./A. in -dl: fr. k i h - , hut this should 'hemp seed' 1'T V I I 14, 49; o.o. N I 122;
have exactly the opposite nleaning. O ~ U xr Z I1 I1 14, 122: K o m . X I V 'hemp' k e n d i r C C I ;
kondl: 01-ra</l 'vile, ignoble'; one says 01 Gr.: Krp. arrr hi-knttdtl 'flax' kCndir Horr.
kiindi: ki$l: 01 'hc is a vile person'. And this 19, 9: X I V k e n d i r al-qtrltnnh ('hemp') ma'l-
Particle (Ilnrf) is also used as a Conjunctin11 -kattdn Id. 8 s : xv qrrnrlnb k e n d i r ( / k a m ( ? ) )
($a) when you cannot thil~kof thc right word, Trth. 29a. I r : O s m . X V I I I k e n d i r (spelt) In
it is used until thc right u'ord colnrs to mind Rri~rii,'a plant from urhich they spin cords'.
Kay. 1 4 1 9 (cf. the similar use of $ey in Osin.). called in Ar. roaraqlc'l-irihcil(?) and in Pe.
bang; and some say that it is a cord (rismdn)
F kendiik one of the C;ancnlc words which made of bark (ptisf, i.e. vegetable fibre) and
is unquestionably Iranian; a/-kond~icis also spun, called in Ar. qutrno'b and in Pe. kannb
a similar I.-w., cf. Pe. hand~i (Middle Pe. Sm. 3 0 1 r 26.
kond~ig),'a large clay vessel for st or in^ grain'. ?C ktintuz ( 8 - ) 'daytime', as opposed to tiin
G a n c a k X I k e n d u k nl-handric, that is a thing 'night'. S.i.a.m.l.g.; in S\\' Osm. gtindiiz;
constructed ( ~ ~ t b l r nin) the shape of a large jar Tkm. g u n d i : ~ . There is n o other trace of a
(01-ifann) used for st or in^ flour and the like Den. Suff. -tiiz and it is prob. a very early
Kaj. I 480; a.o. 11 129 ( t ~ k ~ l -(Xak.?)
): xlv Compound of 1 k u n and tiiz. T u r k U vllr I E
Muh. a/-ihriq 'jug' kendii:g (sic) Mel. 69, 5 ; 27, II E 22 (udl:-); T 1 2 ( o l u r s ~ k ) 22, , 51-2:
Rif. 170 (kiindiig): Gag. s v ff. k u n d u k Uyff. V I I I ff. Uud. Sanskrit dit!d ca rdlrarr ca
rijt8ha tca ihriq 'water bottle; jug'; ;mtl in 'by day and night' tiinle y e m e : kundiiz
PC. 'a large jar for storing foodstuffs' Son. yeme: TT V I I I 8.38; ditto but kiintiiz do.
310'. 14. E.32; o.o. hfmtr. 15, 73 ( U 11 14, 2); Hiieti-ts.
1939; kiintiiz yinqiiru topiin yukiinii
k l n d l k 'the navel'. S.i.a.m.l.c. ~ x c c p t S\V t e g l n u r m e n 'I venture to hend my head and
which uses kiibek, r1.v. I n Xwar. X I V Qrrth 08 bow (to you) e\.ery day' Hiien-ts. 2030: Civ.
k i n d i k seems to mean 'the lnusc sac, or kundiiz iki y e r m 6 od1c:rte:ki: o n u n c 6 d u n -
bladder, of a musk dew'. As such it is an de: b i r ya:rji bolor 'thcre is a new moon in
A.N. (Conc. N.) fr. k i n , but this cannot he the 10th hour of the twelve daylight hours'
the etymology of the word in its ordinary T T V71I L . I (so transcrihe and translate;
meaning. Uyg. vr11 ff. Civ. k i n d i k u s t i i n MS. :.,,:lls P:d iir); a.o. T I I1 8, 32: Xak. xr
m e n b o l s a r 'if thcrc is a mole ahove the k u n d i i a dam'u'l-nahdr 'daylight' Knf. I 458;
navel' TT V I I 3 7 , 6 ; k i n d i k a l t ~ n'below the tiinle: y o r ~ pkundiiz s e v n i i r 'a man who
navel' do. 7-8: Gag. x v ff. k i n d i k (spelt) n4f travels hy night is happy d ~ r r i nthe ~ day'
'navel' Snn. 316v. 1 8 (quotn.): X w a r . s ~ (in v (naho'ra(n)) 111 87, 25; a j u n tiinl: ktindil:zi:
their common grave, the head nf Ahir Ijakr) (sic) yelgin keqe:r 'the nights and days of this
p a y g a m b a r . . . n u n m u b i r a k kintliki world pass by like a traveller' I11 288, 14: K R
t u g ~ n d abold1 'was on a level with the hlessed (Thou didst create) k a r a tiin . . y a r u k .
navel of the Prophet' Nahc. 104, 12; 2.0. 114, k i i n d u z u n 'the dark night . . . and the light
13: K o m . xlv 'navel' k i n d i k C C I ; Gr.: Kip. day' 22; (he lay on his hed at night and)
X I I I a!-surra 'navel' k i n d l k (RIS. kiind.k: k u n d u z orii 'stood by day' 952; am. 125:
T k m . ko:bek) Horr. 21, 2 : xlv k i n d i k a/- xrrr(?) At. (God created) t h u g kiindiiziig
-surra Id. 85: xvditto Iher. 6 1 , 6 (MS. lzindeh); 'your night and day' 13; Tef. kkiidiiz 'day-
Tuh. 18b. 11. (time)' 189: XIV Rhf. (he prayed) tiin kiin-
D k i i n d e m (g-) Hap. leg.; Den. N./A.,con- dilzun R I1 1446: Gag. xv ff. kiinduz rlrz
noting resemblance, fr. 1 kiin. T u r k i i vrll ff. 'day' Son. 31or. 14: Xwar. xrv kiinduz 'by
Man. k i i n d e m d l n d a r l a r 'the sun-like Elect' day' Qurb 107: Ktp. xrv k i i n d u : ~01-nahcr
AT 11117, 21. Id. 85; (ol-layl dlinle:); al-nahdr kundiiz
Bttl. 13, 12; frilr1'1-nahiir 'all day' kuntiiziin
11 kiindiin (g-) Den. Adj./Adv. f;. I k u n ; (sic; !~iltr'l-ln.~~lcliindiilbi:) do. 14, 9: xv a!-
lit. 'in the direction of the sun', but i n practice -nahiir kundiiz I h v . 36, 13; lith. 36a. 4.
 D I S . V'. G N D -
Dis. V. C N D - I) kiindgert- (g-) fiap ICE.;mentionccl only
as an example of thr Caus, f. of wortls of
11 kP:oiit- (9-) Catls. f. of kk:l)ii:-; s.i.s.tn.l. as the form of kontiger-. X:rk. X I 01 y l g a : ~
keget-, keglt-, kegeyt-; cf. kc:giir-. Xak. kiinllgertti: 'he orrlcrcd that the piece of
xr e r evln kdguttl: (MS. kegiitti:) 'the man wood (etc.) should I>c straightcnrd' (hi-
enlarged (owsa'a) his house' (or something -1nqrcinri'l-xnpzb) KO$. I11 424, 5 ; n.rn.c.
else) Kni. I 1 326 (kCgiitii:r, k4giitme:k); e r
evln kkgiittl: samc translation 111 396 D kiinliil- (g-) 1Iap. ICE.; Caus. f. of kiinit-;
(kk:giitii:r, ke:rJiitme:k, vocalized kc:git- 'tr) he str:liglltcnc<l' and thc like. ITyR. V I I I ff.
eren\rhere): X I I I ( ? )Tef, kegiit- 'to hroadm' Iiutl. Ifiicn-ts. 1 9 ~ (knlngnk).
y
(metnph. of thc niind) 173: O s n l . s v and Xvl
gCglt- 'to hroaden, widen'; in several texts 1) kiinclur- ( 8 - ) Caus. f. nf kiin- ; 'to strciigh-
7'7:C I 3 0 1 ; I f 426; I C ' J j r . tcii', rsitli sonircrtcn~lrdnir;lningc. S.i.a.ni.1.p.
cxccpt NIC, S \ V with niilior phntirtic rliangrs.
1) kiinit- ( 8 - )Cnus. f. nf kiin-; pec. to S a k . ?; Not to hr ronfurcd with kiindcr- (kiintl-
cf. k h n d g r r - , k o n d u r - . X a k . st e r y r g a : ~ g c r - ) ; rf, kiinit-. X a k . sr ~ V fkiincliireyln
l
kiinittl: 'thc man straiphtcncd (qnrt'rtwrnn) the tapujikn yoluln 'I !\,ill rlirrct niy course
piece of wood' (etc.) &$. II 313 (kiinltii:r, to\r.nr,fs (royal) srrvirr' 474; k o n d rii bllrr~ea
kiinitme:k): k'n s e n iiz ktlk19 dtgil k r l ~ n - y o r ~ k'lir does not know how to rcfnrtn his
FIIJ kiinit 'put your ow11 character in order conduct' 2077; (dr, not I x a slave to passion)
and make your conduct upright' 5204; (ad- kiindiir kiigiil 'rcforni your mind' 39y4:
ninnition is advantageous if n Illan . . .) X I I I ( ?Tcf. ) kiindiir- 'to direct (somerrnc Arc.,
k o n l t s e o z u g 'makes himself upright' 54.14. to thc right ~.nadDnt.); to sIio\r- (tlic rifiht
I-oad clcc., to someone Ilnr.)' 183: X w a r .
1) kiigcd- trap. let:,; Intmns. Den. V. fr. kiindiir- 'to correct; dircct, gttidc' Q~rthl o r ;
k u y ; 'to hccome a maid servant'. l'iirlcii
Nahc. 6 , 7 ; 282,15: O s m . srv tT. see k6n(lger-.
vrtr I E I3 (kulad-). I> *ki.iitliir- (g-) Caus. f. of kiifi-; 'to burn
('Trans.)', ant1 the like. S.i.a.m.1.g.; N E
D kiindger- (g-) 'to straighten' and the like; koydlr-Ikiiydir- ; SE koytlur- ; N C Klr.
~norphologically this secrns to bc a matis. kiiydiir-; l<ax. kuyclir-; S C Uzb. k u y d t r - ;
Den. \'. fr. *kont Dev. N/A. fr. ken-; NW I<az. kiigder-; I<k., Nog. kiiydir-;
seniariticallv in the early period it was syn. w. ICt~rnykgiiy~liir-;SW Osm. giiyiirtdur-. Cf.
konit- and k o n d u r - , but it later developed one:-, kufiur-, 3 yak-. U y e . vrrr ff. Man.-A
extended tncanings. Survives only(?) in NW Ab I 18, 1-2 (6rte:-): Civ. it tigin kuydUrUp
Kar. k o n d e r - 'to guide, lend out, drive' R I1 'bitrn a dog's tooth, and . . .' TT V I I 23, 3:
1247; k'orc. zzr and SlV 11z. k o t ~ d c r - Osm., ; X n k . X I ol a n t 9 to:ntn kiiytiirdi 'hc ordrrcd
'Tkln. guntler- which hardly n>mns Inore the hitrning (hi-iIrr5q) of his ~nriiicnt'(etc.);
than 'to send, send off'. 'I'hese fornis must be 'an incorrect word' (Ittin fnyr fosi!lo) I h g . III
carcfully distinguished fr. modern forms of 193 (kuytiiriir, k i i y t u r m e k ; K a j perhaps
kondiir-. ICol.'s Sec. f. k o n g e r - (sic, in a recarded kiiyiir- as thc correct one): XIII(?)
Chap. for cluadrilitterals, not kiiger-) is other- Tcf. kiiydur- 'to burn' 188: Gag. s v f f .
wise known only in Tqf. X a k . X I 01 y l g a : ~ kiiytiiir- st1z6ndatr ditto Sott. 310s. 17
kiindgerdi: 'he straiphtenetl (qofuwomn) the (quottis.): X w a r . xlv k u n d u r - (ric) ditto
piece of wood' (etc.); and one says 02rl:nl: Qttth 107; kiiydiir- ditto do. 106; Nnlrc. 389, 9:
kiindgercll: 'he fought \vitli (irfirnm irta') the K o m . s r v 'to hurn' (koydiir-, later correctcd
thief until hc made him corifess' (nrjnrro); arid to) kiiydiir- C C I ; Gr.: Krp. s r l r ltaraqa 'to
one says 01 ant: yolke: kondgertli: (anr: is hurn' kiiyundiir-(forte:-) Ilotc. 35, 4: xrv
altered either to or from m e n i : in the RIS.) kiiyiindiir- !ror.rnqn fd. 186: O s m . srv
'he guided me (had~ini,sic) to the (right) road', goytliir- in one tcxt; srvff. giiytitidiir-
(etc.) Kag. 111 423 (kbndgeriir, k o n d g e r - c.i.a.p. TTS I 3 z y ; II 429; 111316; I V 360.
me:k, both npelt -giir- in the RIS.): 01 o k
kongerdi: 'he straightened (qnn~catnn) the
arrow' (ctc.); and one says 01 yo:l klingerdi:
'he ~ u i d e dtn (/rod6 iln') the rond'; and one P1I kiinclejiii: thr Sanskrit r~riginalshows that
says b e g oRr1:nl: kiingerdi: 'the be# com- his means 'necltlacc'; prob. an old word
pelled (nlznrno) the thief to confess' II 196 ending in -gii:; there is no semantic con-
(kiingeriir, kongerme:k): srrlf ?) Tef. k k 6 - nection hetween this word and kiin-, kiind-
ger- 'to erect' (a wall, house, and the like) g a r - , etc. There is no widely distributed
184: K o m . xrv 'to straighten' k o n d e r - CCI, word for 'necklace' in Turkish; n.0.a.b. Uy5.
C C G ; 'to lead in (the r i ~ h tway)' kijnder- vrrr ff Bud. kenduniig t u k e l tlirliig s a t l g s ~ z
CCG; Gr. r j r (quotns.): KIP. s r v klinder- e r t i n i l i g kiindcgiisin 'his own necklace of all
gnyya'n 'to sce r>tT (a p e s t ) ' id. 85; woddn'a kinds of priceless jewels' Ktmn. 156-7; a.0.
ditto (uzat-, q.v./)kiindcr- Btd. 87v.: xv do. 167.
ft-nd(/a'a (uzat-) Tkm. k o n d c r - Trth. 38b. 8:
O s m . xrvff. both giinder- in xv to xvrr 1) k i n d i k l l g I'.N./il. fr. k i n d i k ; r;.i.s.m.l.
and glindiir- in XIV to xrx are noted for 'to see Uyg. vrrr ff. Dud. (Sanskrit lost) b l r l y
off, to direct, to send (someone sotnewhere)' klndikllg1c:r 'those whn havc one(;) navel
I'TS 1 3 2 0 ; I1 449; 111307; IV 352. TI' 1'111 G.57.
 DIS.
I>k t i n t e m e k 'daily'; Dcv. 'N./A. or Adv. fr. tasks knowledge is most beneficial) k4nikse
*kunte:- Den. V. fr. 1 kiin. N.0.a.h. Uyg. bilig igkc y e t m e z elig 'if knowledge falls
V I I I ff. Man. T T III 96 (ueiin): Bud. T T I , behind the hand cannot achieve the task'
p. 26, note 160, 5 (agan-). 4389.
S kiinger- See kBndger-.
Dis'. G N G
?I) konek (?g-) 'pail, bucket'; prob. Dim. f. Dis. GNL
of ka:n, and so lit. 'a small leather object'. kogul (8-) originally an ahs~ractword with
Survives in NE konek/kiiniik: NC I<lr. rather varying connotations, the mind', as a
k8ni)k; Kzx. kBnek: SC Uzb. kllnak, thinking organization; 'thought' as the pro-
irsually in the 3 ecialized meaning of 'a duct of the rr~ind,and the like. Later, when
milking pail'. ~ i i r C i Jv411ff. I r k n 57 (kanlE):
the heart was taken to he the thinking organiz-
Uyg. V I I I ff. Civ. T?' I 11 ( b a ~ g a r - ) Xak.
:ation it was also used in a physical sense for
X I kBnek 01-rakmn 'a container made of 'the heart', in addition to, or suhstitution for,
leather' ICR$. 1 3 9 2 : T<I3 i n the list of signs of
yiirek. S.i.a.m.1.g. with a wide range of
the Zodiac, 141, kiinek translaccs Ar. al-dnlru shades of lncaning (the entry in R I1 1236-7
'Aquarius' (lit. 'a bucket'): xlv Alrrh.(l) nl-d(ilru
covcrs a column and a half); in SW Az.
'Aquarius' ko:ne:k Rty. 183 (only). koniil; Ostn., 'I'km. g i i ~ i i l . Tiirkii V I I I (if
tears come to your eyes and) ttlda: (so read)
D *kiitillk (g-) 'hurnt'; I'ass. 1)ev. N./i\. kngiilte: s l & t kelser 'lamentation to your
fr. kufi-. S.i.a.m.l.g. in fornis coniparahle tongue and mind' I N I I ; kogiilteki: s a w -
to those of ktindlir-,;. NW Icumyk giiyiik; m l n 'the words in my mind' I S 12; 0.0. T 15
SW Osm. g o y n u k ; Iknl. kijyuk. Xak. xr (udux-), 32: v111ff.Man. Chtios.107-8(artat-);
kiiylik ne:g 'a hurnt' (01-~nrrlltnmq)thing' 177-8 (tarn2a:la:-), etc.; T T 116, 32; 8, 41,
Kay. IZI 168: Gag. xvff. kiiyuk ('with k - etc.: Uyk. ~ I I ff. I Man. T T 1112 (ayanqag),
-k') yanmq 'burnt' Vrl. 376; kiiyiik (I) s d z i ~ etc. (common): Chr. (search) ked kiigiil
'burning' (N.; quotn.); (2) stiata hurnt' tegiiriip 'applying your minds firmly (to the
(q.uotn.) Son. 31 lr. 13: X w a r . xlv kiiyiikl task)' U 16, I : Dud. kagiil is very common;
kdyniik 'fire; ardour; passion' Qutb 106: e.g:'k81~lilqe b e r d i 'he gave as he thought fit'
KIP. xlv kiiyniik 01-mnhtaraq fd. 86: xv PP 7, I ; a.0. do. 8, 5 (bert-) ; yavlak saktnq
mohrriq 'burnt' (kiiyiilmig ; between the lines) kfigulinde yaauru 'hiding evil thoughts in
kiiyiik Tvh. 3qb. 12; ditto kiiyiik do. 48b. his mind' U I1 23, 12-13; 0.0. Huen-ts. 1806
10: O s m . xrv ff. giiynuk occasionally 'hurn-
(ayancag), etc.: Civ. kogiil is common; e.g.
ing, burnt', more usually 'pain, distress'; k i j ~ l i i ~ dnegii
e ig kllayln t e s e r 'whatever
c.i.a.p. T T S 1328; I1 458; I11 316; I V 359. you say in your mind that you will do' T T V I I
I) kPnki: (g-) N.1A.S. fr. 2 kC:n; 'subsequent, 28, 3; i k i kigi kogiili h i r 01 'the two men's
last'. Cf. kbdinkl:; SE 'l'urki kkyinki 'sub- minds are as onc' do. 30, I I : Xak. xr kogul
sequent' B$ 521 is proh. a survix-al of the 01-qalh mn'l-fu'rid wo'l-jitna 'the heart, the
latter and not this word. Uyg. vrrr tf. Bud. mind, intelligence'; hence 'an intelligent (al-
(of ten definitions; aynukl seklzi 'the first -fatin) man' is called kiigulliig e r KO& III
eight' . . .) kbnki Qk(k)lsl 'the last two' T7' 366 (prov.); over 30 o.o., occasionally spelt
V 28, 127; 0.0. S t ~ v 134,
, 1-2 (ortunk~:);T T kii:giil with similar translations: KB kiigiil
VIZZ A.48 (61th-). is corntiion; e.g. koziimde y l r a k s e n kog-
l u m k e yakln 'Thou art far from my eyes but
near to my mind' I r ; klgi k6gH 'a man's mind'
Dis. V. G N G - (is like a bottomless sea) 211; (read this
VUI) kCnlk- ( 8 - ) in a note on V.s ending in Turkish proverb and) kogiil ogke a1 'take
-k- Kaf. says that these fall into two classes; it to your mind and understanding' 319:
(a) basic V.s like aguk- and ciiluk-; (b) V.s XIII(?)At. kiigiil is common; e.g. anlg w u d d l
in which the Suff. indicates that the Suhjcct birle kogiiller t o l u p 'filling all minds with
of the V. is unable to achieve his desires, like love of him' 73; ncliik rn2lko m u n q a kiigiil
basrk- der. fr. bas-, u s u k - der. fr. us-, b a m a k l g 'why have you set your mind so
kirik- and this V. T h e first two are I:mphatic/ much on wealth?' 183; Tpf. kkiigul 'mind.
I'ass. forms, hut kirik- is a Den. V. fr. ki:r, thought', etc. 184: srv Aftrh. al-qalb gogiil
and it is likely that this V, too, xvhich has a Mel. 47, 16 (Rif. I.+I yu:re:k q . ~ . ) : Cag.
datrzmn over the krif is a Den. V., since there xv ff. kogiil dil 'heart' Sati. 24r. 13; k6gul
is obviously no semantic connection with k a l ~ gdil mrindogi rua giriftogi-yi xdlir 'weari-
k6n-, and the obvious explanation is that it is ness of heart, anxiety' 31or. 22: Xwar. XIII
a Den. V. fr. 2 k6:n. T h c only other known k6giil 'heart' 'Ali 35: XIII(?)ditto 02.163,
occurrence is in KB 4389 where the Fergana 333: xlv ditto Qittb 102; MN 19, etc.: K o m .
MS. has kinilse, the Cairo MS. ki[gapJse and xrv kogiil is common, meaning 'heart, mind,
the Vienna MS. has a word which might he disposition', etc. CCI, CCG.; GT. 152 (many
kinikse but looks more like k67rikse Xak. XI e r quotns.): IClp. ~ I I I 01-qolb ~ a j r u ' l - m a ~ t Z s
kbnlkti: (MS. k6nikti) galabn 'aIZ'I-raculi'l- wa'l-fu'ad 'the intangible heart, the mind'
- d a y bntlri ta'nxxara 'an a&ibihi 'the man was ka:gii:l Hou. 21, 14 (cf. yiirek): xlv kiigiil
overcome by weakness, so that he fell hehind ( - g - marked) al-qalb; and in the Kitrib Btylik
his ccmpanions' Kaj. I1 165, I S : KB (in all knniil nl-nnfs 'the spirit' fd. 85.
 DIS.
1) kegllk (9.) A.N. fr. k6:g; 'hrcadth, extent', day's pay' 7'7'S I 3 3 R ; 1 I 477; 1 1 1 3 ~ 6 I; V
and the l ~ k e S.i.n.nl.1.g. exccpt N U ? ) , w. 775: Z V I I I giinliik (spclt) i r ~ I<rinri, ( I ) krm-
minor phonetic changes; in N W Kumyk dtrr 'frankincense', in Ar. pomfirr'l-h~r!hr; (2)
geglik; S\V Osm. geglik; 'I'km. gi:glik. runzi/o rcn yo7(wri~,n'wldier's pay; daily pay'
Uyg. ~ I I fT.
I I3ud. (hang hells) k a c keglik (so Son. j l o r . 24 (there is no I I ~ V ~ O Ircason
I ~ for
read) yemi$ sogiit iize 'over tlie full extent of the n ~ c a n i t ~'incense'
g \\tiich I S still current).
the fruit trees' I'P 79, 4-5: (Xnk.) XIII(?)Tpf. I) kiiglig Ifap. ICE.; I'.N./A fr. kiln. T U r k u
keglik 'ahttndancc' (of good things) 173: ~ I I 01
I iidte k u l k u l l ~ gk u n kiigHg b o l m ~ ?
slv Rb2. d u n y l gPgliki a x i r a t tar11Rl t u r u r
'h~~oadriess in thic n-orld i q narrorvncss in the e t t l : 'at that time thc slavcs hall 11eco1ncslnvc-
nrxt' (and vice versa) R II I O ; ~ : X w a r . X I I I nu nrrs anrl thr rr~nidscrv:lnts r,rrr~(.rsof niettl-
kPgHk 'abundance, \veil-being' 'Ali 53 : K o m . cervxnrs' II I:' 18 (in I fi 2 1 ktig kiigllg is
srv 'hreadth' kcglik CC:I; Gr.: O s m . xlv r~niitted).
to sv11 g e ~ l i k l g e r ~ l i k:(physical) breadth; Dis. 1:. <;NI,-
(psychological) hreadth, 1.e. peace of mind'; li kinil- Scc kCnik-.
common TT.S I 3 0 1 ; I1 426; 111287; I V 332.
111' kinle- 'to crush, n~ince'.or the like; Den.
I1 kinlig Hap. leg.; P.N.iA. fr. k i n ; 'scented V. fr. *kin, not the one listed above, but no
with musk'. flitherto rend E e k i n l i g , q.v., clouht n Chinese I.-w., cf. sim1e:- with which
and mistranslated. T i i r k u vrrr k i n l i g eq- it is uscd in Mend. in 7'7' I 157 (qiiwit).
9uti:si:n 'their musk-scentcd brocade' I1 N N.o.a.h. UyS. xllr tT. Civ. s u v t n k i n l e p
11-12. 'crush cost ore to?^) in \\-ater' 11 I 125; 143
D kiiglek ( 9 - ) Ilev. N. fr. kog1e:-, but the ('crush h a g t r ) ; 157, ( f u y i t ) ; y n m ~ a k k l n l e p
until ~t 1s soft 17').
scmantic connection is directly with kogiil in
its physical sensc; 'shirt', i.c. the garment over 11 kiig1e:- (9-) Den. V. fr. kiigul. Survives
the heart. S.i.a.m.1.g. in a wide range of forms only(?) in N C Iizx. kiigiilii- 'to he sunk in
including N E I<hak. kiigenck; 'f'uv. xoyleg: thou.~'ht' R J I 1238 (not in R'lhl). UyR.
S E 'I'urki kiiglek: NC 1<1r. k o y n o k ; Kzx. V I I I tT. Civ. b u s a v k a kiigleme 'do not brood
kiiylek: S C IJzb. kiiylak/kilynak: N W K k . , on(?) this statement' T T I 1 s t : (Krp. X I I I
Nog. kiiylek; Kumyk gbiek: S W Az., Tkm. 'ociho tnirm'l-'acob 'to wonder at (sotnething)'
k o y n e k ; Osm. giimlek. Cf. komiildiiriik. kii:nle:n- IIorr. 37, 15; may be the IleR. f. 9f
See DoerJ~r I11 1652. X a k . XI koglek al- this word; therc is no other obvious explana-
-qantis 'shirt' Knp. 111 383; a.o. 1II 350 tion).
(boQmak1a:-): xrv 11ltrh. 01-qontis kogleg
Ale/. 66, 15; k o m l e k Rif. 166: Gag. xv ff. D kinlen- IIap. leg.; pnssihly Rcfl. f. of
kiiglek (spelt) pirshnrr 'shirt' Sort. 3101. 21: kin1e:-; 'to be crushed', I ~ u thc t 1~11olepassage
Xwar. X I I I dittri 'Ali 37: xrv ditto Qutb 104; is O ~ S C I I ~ PCIyg. . V l r l ff. h h n . 7'T 11 17,77-9
Nohc. I 32, 1 6 : K o m . xrv 'shirt' k o w l e k (sic) (npiil-).
C C I ; Gr.: KIP. xrlr nl- nmis k6:nle:k Hart. T r l s . GNL
18, 12: XIV kiinlek ditto if. 8 i : s v ditto kiirn- 1) k i i g i i l d e ~ (9-) N./A. of Association
lek Kov. 63, 17; Ttrh. z9b. I (in margin, alter- fr. k i i ~ i i l ;'like-minded, intimate', and the
nati\-e form koglek): O s m . srv ff. goglek like. Survives only in NC IZlr. kiigiildoq;
'shirt' was the standard forrn i~iitil xvr and Kzx kiigildes 'friend, intimate, sy~npathetic.
is noted once in X V I I ;date of emergence of Rqust he c ~ i r e f u l ldistinpuishcd ~ fr. CnK. xv ff.
giimlek unkno\\-n T T S I 321 ; I1 450; 111 k u k e l t e ~'foster-brother' Sntr. 309r 9 which
308; 11.' 353. is a N./A. of Association fr(,tn the M o n ~ .
11 kunliik ( g - ) A.N. fr. 1 k u n ; 'a period of a I.-w. (properly hiigiil, Knro. 2632) 'foster-
day' and the like. S.i.s.m.1.; in SW Ostn., mother'. 'f'he two are confused in R II
'i'knl. gunliik. U y e . vlrl (I put up my 1278. X n k . X I khgiiltleg tn~rsd!tihtr'l-qolb 'like-
~ne~norial thcrc to last for) h l g y ~ l l l kt i i m e n !~>i;ldrrl'Gf.1407, I 6: X w n r . slv kiigiildeg
kunliik 'a thousand yeam and ten thousand sympathetic' Q ~ f 102. b
days' f i r . B 9 : vlrr iT. Civ. iig k u n l i i k 'a period 1) konilik (g-) A.N. fr. kiinl:; 'strniglltness,
of three days' USp. 45, 21; 118, 14; bir itprightncss', and the like. N.0.n.b. X a k . XI
y n r r m kiinliik 'one and a half days' dy. 5 5 , K R k o n i l i k is very comtnon as onc of the
22: X a k . sl kiinliik 01-ttlrr.vdrconta daily standard virtues of rulers, oficiala, etc.; e.g.
business'(?); kiinluk yern n[-rizq (several k o n i l i k y a g ~ l m ayolln 'drr not miss the road
meanings; here?) 'soldiers' daily rations', but of uprightness' 360; k ~ l l n f r mkijnillk 'my
the phr. is seldom used Ko?. I 4 S o : KB k i m conduct is upright' gyo, etc.--kiinillk kiinl
e r s e bu kiinliik tilese sevinq whoever 'the day of judgement' 30, 80R: xrrr(?) Ar. 167
desires the ~ l e a s u r e sof the day' 913: Klp. (tom); a.o.0.: X w a r . xrv c u r n l a s ~ nI$- ~~~
xrv kiinliik narnr ruo aztmntrhti h a ~ dluban l e r i n i konilik iize krlg11 'make all their
translation unvocalized, other vocalizations actions upright' Nnhc. 316, 10: K o m . x ~ v
possible; Cnf. omits the word in his index; it 'justice, equity', and thc like koniiliik CCI,
nlight mean '. . . and I think it means "grains CCG; Gr.
of incense" ' fd. 85 (cf. Osnl.): O s m . XIV ff.
giinliik is noted in se~-era1texts as meaning D k6glilliig (g-) P . N . / r l . fr. kuglll; nornrolly
'sunshade, parasol', and in one xv11 text 'a qunlificd hy a preceding Adj. 'having n . . .
 b

D I S . V. G N R - 733
mind', hut s.i.ni.nl.l.p, mraning 'well-dis- N.0.a.b. Cf. kc:Qiit-. Uyg. v r ~ r f f . Rud.
posed, willing, kindly, cheerful', and the like; k6giir-, with 'doctrine, scripture', andthe like
S W Osm. gogiillu. Uyg. ~ I I ff. I Man. TT as Object, means 'to publicize, make widely
111 71, 89 (karar-): Bud. y a r l l k a n p q l known'; it is usually in the Ger. in -U:
kogiillug 'with a merciful mind' T T Xz75-6; followed by another V.; e.g. Vigikluan
khrtgiinv kijgiilliig 'with a believina mind' gastlrda kegiirii sozlemigke 'because they
Srto. 137, 16; a.o.o..: xrrl(?) 7 i j . k@Diilliig/ are made known and published in the Wei-
kBgiillu 'having a . . . mind' 185: Xwar. X I V -shih-lun' T T V 22, 22; similar phr. USp.
k 6 ~ i i l l l i gditto Qutb 102. ~ o z b .I 1-13 ( e n p i r e : - ) ; (I have come with a
desire to find scriptures and) tlnlrglarka
D ki3glilsP (g-) Priv. N./A. fr. kogul; khgiiru asrg t u s u krlgall saklnqtn 'the idea
originally without the ability to think'. of making them known to people and so bene-
S.i.s.rn.l. as the opposite to kagiilliig meaning fitting them' IIiien-ts. 204-6; 0.0. do. 2008;
'unwilling, unhappy, modest', and the like. Suv. 2, 4-5 (u1a:l-); 3, 12; U I1 73, 3-4 (iii)
T i i r k u V I I I ff. Man. Chuas. 113-14(2 ogsuz): (?, see k8giir-)-(be pleased to declare)
Uyg. V I I I ff. Alan. T T 11130 (ditto): (Xwar. k4giirusinqe 'publicly' U I1 41, 22: Xak. xr
xlv kBgii1siJzlUk 'I>nrdness of heart, cruelty' e r evin k6:gurdi: 'the man enlarged (nwsa'a)
Qutb 102). his house' (etc.) Kaf. I11 392 ( k 8 : ~ i i ~ r .
T r i s . V GNL- k6:giirme:k): K R (in the chapter on
i g d i ~ c i l e r'cattle-breeders'; they are a good
D kiln1le:- ( 9 - ) Den. V. fr. kuni:; 'to be and guileless class of people, but) b u l a r d a
jealous', hence also 'to envy'. S.i.m.m.1.g. w. t i l e m e tiiril y a bilig y o r l k l a r ~khgrii b o l u r
phonetic changes; NE kunne- ; 'I'uv. xunne- : a y silig 'do not ask them about the customary
S E Tiirki kiinle-: N C Klr. kilnulii-; Kax. law or intellectual matters, their movements
kiinde-: N W I<k., Nog. kiinle-; Kumyk are far-ranging (or their character is un-
giille- : S\V Ostn. gunile-lgiinule- (obsolete). conventional?), oh pure man' 4446: XIII(?)
Uyg. V I I I ff. Bud. ijziimde yhglerig k o r u p At. 412 (yolsuz): (Krp. xv see ke:gurt-).
k I i n l l e ~ l l me r s e r 'if I have been envious
when I have seen people better than myself' D kiiiiiir- (g-) Caus. f, of kufi-; 'to burn
S I I ~ 136,
. 12-13; a.o. do. 220, 4 (2 a:zlan-): (Trans.)'. N.0.a.b. ; cf. *kiiAdiir-. T i i r k u
Xwar. xlv kunile- 'to be jealous, to envy' vlrr ff. Man. k u n u r u g l i (sic) islg ye1 ykltir-
Qtrtb 108; Naltc. 65, 6 ; 288, 13: K o m . xlv m e z 'the burning hot wind does not blow'
'envy' kunilemek CCG; Gr.: KIP. ~ I I I M I11 45, 6 (1): Uya. vrrr ff. Man.-A M 118,
gn'ra mino'l-gays 'to be jealous' kiin1e:- (sic) z(orte:-): Man. Wtnd. 35-7(ur-); M I1128,5
Hou. 42, 15: X I V kiinile- !iarada 'to envy'; (iii): Bud. t u t s u k k u y u r u p 'burning incense'
and, in thc Kit& ReyIik, grira Id. 86: xvgayra T T V 8, 72; 0.0. do. 12, 130; U 111 37, 4-5
kiinilemek 7'1th. 26b. lo; Jdra mina'l-ga.sm (orte:-); USp. rozb. 21; Strv. 595, 22 etc.:
kiinile- 277,. 7: O s m , xrv ff. gunule- 'to be Civ. o t k a kiiyurup 'burn it with fire' E I 1 2 6 -
jealous, to envy'; c.i.a.p. T T S I 339; 11478; 27; 0.0. T T I 7 0 (adlrt1a:-); V1126, 12 etc.:
I11 327; I V 376. Xak. X I e r otug kuyurdi: (MS., in error,
kiiytiirdi:) 'the man burnt (ahraqa) firewood'
D kogillger- (g-) Den. V. fr. k o ~ i i l ; 'to Ka?. I11 187 (kiiyrur (sic), kiiyiirme:k); a.0.
reflect, think deeply'. l'ec. to Uyk. Uyk. I1 133, 15: KR (do not go near a fire, ~fyou do)
vrll ff. Bud. in a repetitive passage ogell (see k u y u r m e k a n u k 'it is ready to burn you'
ti:-) kogUlgerlp 'thinking deeply', U I1 8, 22, 653; a.0. 249 (utul-): X w a r . xrv kuyur- 'to
alternates with iigeli kogulde sakrnlp do. burn' Qutb 106; MN 151, etc.
9, 1-2; ogeli b o g i l ~u r u p do. 9, 11-12; (all
good doctrines. . .) kogulgermektin t u g d a ~ l D k6:giirt- (g-) Caus. f. of k6:giir-; n.0.a.b.
'arise from deep reflection' T T V 24, 65-6; Uyg. V I I I ff. Bud. (in an account of the history
0.0. do. 7o(odkur-); Sttv. 596, 23 ff. (edgu:ti:) of the biography of Hsiian-tsang, it is said
615, 9 ; Ti$.5 0 b 2 etc. that Huei-li composed it and that Yen-tsung
fa-shih) khgiirtmiq 'had it published' Huen-ts.
D kogleklen- ( 9 - ) Hap. leg.; Refl. Ilen. V. 2153: (Ktp. xv in a list of Caus. f.s ending
fr. koglek. Xak. xr er kogleklendi: 'the rnan in - r t - , rcassa'a 'to broaden, widen' k6girt-
(etc.) wore a shirt' (taqammm;m) KG$.I11 4 r r Tuh. 54h. 12).
(kogleklenu:r, koglek1enme:k).
VU khgren- 'to grumble, mutter'; prob. a
D kSgiillen- (g-) Refl. Den. V. fr. kiigiil; quasi-onomatopoeic; the first vowel is un-
survives only(?) in NE Bar. R I1 1238, but the certain and perhaps varied. Survives only
basic and Caus. f.s survive in other modern (?) in NE Sor kigiren- R I1 1342; TUV.
languages. Xak. xr e r 1:gka: kogullendl: 'the x i m l r e n - ; NC kugkiil 'grumble, mutter',
man set his mind ('azama) on doing some- and its Den. V.s Klr. kiigkiildo-; Kzx.
thing'; also used of a boy 'to be intelligent' kugkilde seem to be distantly related. Cf.
('aqiIa ma fafina) Ka?. 111408 (kogiilfenii:r, $ ~ g r a : - , yagra:-. T i i r k u vlrr ff. (a =-oman
k6gtillenme:k). dropped her mirror into a lake; in the morning
it jingles) k6qe: kegre:nikr 'and in the
\J Dls. V. GNR- evening it makes a grumbling sound' IrkB 22:
D kP:g?- (g-) Caus, f. of kP:gii:-; 'to widen, Uyg. vlrr ff. Bud. (he recovered for a month
broaden , with some extended meanings. and then fell ill again) kegrenu ag beriir
734 D I S . V. G N R
bolclrl:ir 'thcy grum1)lcd I)rit gavc (or began (;Yak.) I I I ( ~'l'cf. ) kiine$ 'sunchine; a sunny
to , r i % ~ ?him
) fctod' PI> 68, 3: Xak. X I e r pI;~rc,'189:>:IV hlrilr, ~I-$I~III.X 'thc sun' g u n c : ?
1:qka: (VLJ) kugrentli: Irorr~t~n'l-instfnli'l- Alcl. 4, 17 (I<tj'. 74 g u n ) ; I;.rihntill-jams 'the
-iqdZn~ 'alZ'l-amr rcn taknllomn ma' najsihi sun sct' gunc:$ b n t t ~ :nr), 7 ( I 13, but g u n ) :
hi-kalZm xnfi 'the man was reluctant to begin G a g . av If. k u n e s (SIC)fiitref 'sun'; also 'a very
the task and muttered to hini~clf under his hot day' (cluor~i.;.),with a notc savlng the tinnl
breath' Iioj. 111 399 ( k u g r r n u : r , k u g r e n - -s is recluirctt I,y rlic rli) ine 1,'rl. 374; kiines/
rnc:k): G a g . xu ff. ( V U ) k u g r e n - (spelt) srcir~l k u n s (spelt) riftrih 'sun'; notc on spelling
hn-rrcrrd uz gay-- barf zndnn rrn ltrnd I~tnd (quotns.); also tlietaplr. iftcib-rri 'sunny-faced'
hnr(1nn 'to talk angrtly to oneself and grunlhle' ( ~ ~ ~ < l t t:11ro l . ) ; callcd kii?e$ Snrr. 3 1 o r 15:
Sntr. 30yv. 19 (quotn.). X w a r . xrrl kiincg 'sun' Ali 56: l'krn. X I I I
01-~rr'ri 'su~irtiinr'kiinr:s (sir: K I ~ ?kuya:g) .
I> kC:!lriill- ( g - ) 1 1 3 ~ .] V K - ( ? ) ;Ilcfl. f. of [Inn. 5 , 2: s ~ vkiinc$ 111cr;1p11. ol-gorris, but
kC:gur-. X a k . X I 01 ke:grurldi: t~ifuossn'n'l- pr,,pcrlv n/-ltr'li (cvhicll ill K~~~ Is kuya:$ also
-rricrrl zni~rdtrJi ni'trm 'the nian spcnt his time rl.;cd ll,crslpll, for nsLl,,') [,I. X~ : sv (?Kip,)
in grcat conlfort' 111 400 (ke:grend:r, r i ~ - F ~ l , , l skune:$ 2 1 , i 7 ; 5 8 , 8 ; 7iiir. z ~ s i .
k6:grcnme:k). 13 ( ~ I s okiin).

T r i s . V. GNR- IXs. V. GN$-

1) ke!]irsi:- H a p . leg.; ~ n o r ~ h o l n g i c a l l ay 1 ) k 6 : g c ~ - l<cccip. f. o f ke:ge:-; in tlie Sing.
Sirnulati\.e [)en. V. fr. *kegir, but there is no 'to consult (sornconc 1)nt.); to discuss' (with
trace of such a N. X a k . X I eviq ke9irsi:di: someone birle:); in the I'lur. 'to take coun-
ihtnrnqa'l-lay' jinsj(i1 nahmi'l-qidr /rattii irta- sel with one another, have a discussion'.
f(z'n ri?rcthn 'something burnt at the bottom, S.i m.m.1.g. Uyg. ~ I I ff. I Chr. U I 8,. 4
for example, of a cooking pot, so that a smell ( a n l n ) : Civ. b o d u n kegegfp 'the people t a k ~ n y
rose from it' Kng. III 409 ( k e g l r s k r , k e g i r - cnunscl together' USp. 77, 8 ; a.0. do. 88, 28
s1:me:k). (2 a r t - ) : X a k . xr 01 m a g a : k6:geqdl:
Dis. G N S gCzunra nm'i 'he took counsel with me' Kng.
III 394 (kf:ye:qu:r, kf:ge:gme:k, sic);
?I) kcr3t.s (kegez) the spcllin,o i n ' r & . is m e n l g birle: ( R E . bile:) k6:gegdi: ~nruardni
deliberate, the word follolvina the cross- consulted me' 111393, 13: K B negu t e g
heading - S and preceding the cross-heading kegc$ursen e m d i mags advice do
-$, hut it is rob. a Sec. f. of kegez, cf. the yOIJ ,rive m e ? ' 3q88; e g a q n u b u igke kegeqgii
Iial>itual spelling of the Negative Verbal Suff. k e r e k '\vc nlust first discuss this matter'
-mn:z/-nle:z as -ma:s/-me:s in KO$.; If $0 5649; 0 . 0 . 3688-0, 5650-2, 5657, ctc.: X I I I ( ? )
irregular Ilev. N. fr. kd:gu:-. N.0.a.b. X a k . ~ k f kege5-
. 'to talie counsel tcrgetllerl 173:
X I k e g e s sU:V 'shallow (a/-!fn/i(fG/i) water'; also s l v ~ [ r g , ditto R 11 10G9 (cluotn.): G a b
'an easy task' (nnrr salt[) Kag. 111364: X w a r . xv ff, kege$- (-ti) yo corlsult' t7c/. 36r
X I I I kegeslkegez 'easy, convenient' 'Ali 58: (,luotn,); gbgev- (spclt, -I)-') nlrrgzcnrat
KIP. s r l l nl-hayyin 'easy' (opposite to 'difficult' hnrcfrrll 'to consult' .TCln. 316r. 28 (quotns.) :
? a r P ) k@!Ie:z (spclt kfCr:z) ffos, 25, 10: xv X w a r . s l v kegcg- 'to take counsel together'
llfl>?.i~ ( ~ a v a ~ / ) k e I ) e zr ~ t h . 3 7 h 9; hdnll Q ~ i h . 94; kCge9- ditto do. 96: KID. s r v
kegez bol- 3%. 4. keneg- tn~riwnrnfd. 85: xv pircnra (tanlg-1)
kCgig- (sic, in ninrgin in second hand kege$-)
Dis. GNQ Trlh. 213. 1 7 .
D kPge$ Dev. N. fr. kkgc:- ; 'advice' and the
like; s.~.nl.ni.l.g. See IjocrfPr 111 1651. U y g .
VIII A. Cir. (if one sneezes at midday) kegeg ' r r i s . GNQ
b u l u r 'one gets advice' (or, reading b o l u r
'actvice comes to one' ) T7' V I I 35, 5 - 6 : X n k . 1) kegegyi: N. Ap. fr. kdgeg; pec. to K B ?
SI kegeq 01-rtrrr,rrmrn rcn'l-fndbir fi'l-rimtir X a k . X I 3CR k C g e g ~ ib u l n r e r t l l 'thcse(Com-
'advice; the settlement of affairs' KO?. 111365: pnnir~ns) were (the I'rophet's) advisers' 4 9 ;
K B kegcg b 6 r 'give m e your adrice' 3482-3 ; 0.0. 2256, 5209 (~0171:).
0.0. 3484, 3493, 5650 ff.: G a g . xv ff. kegeq D k&ge$lig P.N./A, fr. kdgcg; n.0.a.b. X a k .
('with k-) ntajzcnrnt Vel. 361 (quotn.); gegeg XI Icege:$lig bili:g iidregii:r kege:$slz
(so spelt) ditto San. 316r2. 19 (qootn.): KIP. bill:$ o p r a $ u : r 'experience (01-tadbir) when
s ~ vkegegke: (sic) 01-nmprcnm, also called it is fertilized by advice (nrrtlnqqah bi'l-jiira)
k e n g e $ (kegeg)/kengey (kegeq) Id. 85 (the gains in goodtiess ctay by day; but if it is
-kc: must be an error; a small dfil is written without advice (~nync'l-rtirn) it deteriorates
under all the others klifs, mhich seems to day by day' Kni. 1 2 3 2 , 3 ; a.o. I11 358, 1 5 ;
indicate g- and - n g - (-g-)). n.m.e.
D kiineg (9-) Den. N. fr. 1 k u n ; originally kel)easiz IJap. leg.; I'riv. N./A. fr. kege.9;
osunslline., Survives in N E Tel, kuneS 'without advice'. X a k . X I Knl. I 232, 3
sunny side of a mountain', R I1 r+qo, and S W
Az. k u n e s* ,: Osm. e i i n e s . both the ordinar,, (kegeq'iQ). -.
01s. C i N L
- - - .-
word for 'sun', a n z Tktn: giineg 'sunshin;;
a sunny place'. T i i r k u vlrl ff. I r k R 57 ( o l u r - ) : k e g e z SLTkcges.
 ,I
M O N . V. G R -
(?D) kiigiiz Flap. ICE.?; 'n dung heap'. common; c.p. ('Ali 1x1s thr lact of the Com-
I'rrhaps cnntiected with kijg 'du~ig', which panions) kiir e r s @ yiireklig ' c ~ u r a g ~ o ~ s ,
exists in NC Kir., I<zx: Sc Uzh. (gong): N W manly, stout-hearted' 57; om. 409 (kiivez),
Kk. Xak. XI kogiiz nl-dimn 700'1-kirr fi'l-allcil 2298, 2337, 4845 (k6giizluR): X w a r . xrv kUr
ruo hiya ob'nr u,a ahruG1 talobbndn ba'drrh6 'alt 'stout-hearted' Qutb 108: O s m . xrvff. giir
baed 'a dung heap'(1fend.) in n ruined huildinS, once (xlv) 'courapcous'; in several xlv to xvl
that is an accumulated t l ~ a ~ofs dung and texts (of a tree) 'luxuriant' and the like T T S I
urine Kup. I11 363. 340; I1 479; 111328; I V 376.
F kenzi: Hap. leg.; no doubt a Chinese I.-w. VU 2 kiir noted only in the Ilend. tev kUr
Prof. Sinlot1 sug,qests that the origin is chiion- 'trick, device'; n.0.a.h.; not to be confused w.
tztl (Middle Chinese kjrcrn-tsi; (;iIrs 3,1!r) kiiri:, ~1.v.U y a . V I I I ff. Man.-A M I I I I ) , I I -
12,317) 'thin silk', and more specifically 'a s ~ l k 1 2 (ii) (2 a x - ) : Man. M I1 5 , 8-ro(antag):
handkerchi~f'. Xak. xr kenzi: 'a Chinese Bud. U II 23. 1 2(tev).
woven fahric (nnric) r~f mined col~iurs (ji
al7u~infnfld),red, yellorv, and prcctr' KO$.I j z z . hlon. V . C;R-
kcr- (g-) 'to strrtch, spread out (something
Mon. G R Acc.)'. S.i.a.m.l.g., esp. in the phr. kogiiz (or
?F k e r 'a moment'; see note on passage synonym) k e r - 'to throw out one's chest; be
quoted below. Perhaps survives in NE Alt., proud, confident'; in S W Osrn. g e r - ; Tkm.
'I'el. k c r e 'a period of time, a lnonlent in time', gkr-. Xak. X I e r y i p kerdi: 'the man stretched
R I1 1085. The suggestion there that this is a (inaddn) the cord' (etc.); and one says b e g
Chinese I.-w. may well be correct, but it can yo:l kerdl: 'the beg stretched out (madda) the
hardly be chieh (Giles 1,477) since this was road', that is he posted (yrcclis) men in military
tset in Middle Chinese, not kiet as there stated. posts (01-mnrdlid) so that those whom he did
Uyg. V I I I ff Bud. Sanskrit n~zil~ttrtani api 'and not know could not pass; this is done in fear
only for a moment' b i r k e r yeme: T T VJII of the enemy Kap. 11 8 (kere:r, kerme:k);
Il.14-15. a.0. III 39, 13: K B 133, 1535, etc. (ksgiiz):
xrrr(?) At. k e r i p x a l q k a kiigsiig 'throwing
ki:r 'dirt, filth, defilement', and the like. out your chest towards the (common) people'
S.i.a.nl.1.g. For some unknown reason oftcn 278; Tef. boyun k e r - 'to be stiff-necked' 173:
spell Rkir as well as kir in Uyg.; a I.-w. in K a r l u k xr ~t kerdi: 'the dog barked' (naboh)
hlong. in both spellings (Kow. 2545. Haltod Kay. 118: Xwar. X I I I k8r- 'to raise (the eie-
197). Uyg. V I I I ff. Bud. k i r normally means brows)' 'Ali 49: K o m . xlv k e r - 'to crucify'
not physical 'dirt' but 'the defilement o r stain C C G ; Gr. 139 (quotns.): KIP. XIII yalaba 'to
caused I1y sin', Sanskrit k1e.i~;Sanskrlt crtaso crucify' kere: koy-/ker- (MS. kc?-) Hou. 34,
1rpak1eSn 'a small stain on the mind' kog- 16:xrv k e r - zuyyaro (a rare word meaning 'to
l6mnlig kiri T T VIII C.13 ; malam 'im- hold a horse's lip in a twitch'; ?read zajtyodo
purity' n ~ z v a n l l l gk i r i g 'the impurity of the 'to increase, expand' (Trans.)); warima 'to be
passions' do. E.47: a.0. Hiien-ts. 103-4: Civ. swollen' ( $ i ~ - ;and also) k e r - Bul. 88r.: xv
H I 66-7 (arc-): Xak. xr ICaj. II 21 r (tog- ~olaba(and in the margin madda) k e r - Tuh.
ra$-); do. 230 (togral-); n.11i.e.: K B 876 22b. 8 : O s m . X V I I I g e t - (following gerne-,
( a m - ) : xrrr(?) At. aktlrk k a m u g 'ayb kiritii an error for gerin- which is described as
y u y u t 'generosity washes away all the detile- Riimi) Trans. f., agiif kupidan 'to throw out
nlent of vice' 230; Tef. klr(physica1) 'dirt' 180: one's chest' San. 3oor. 21: XIV to K V I see
Gag. xv ff. kklr <irk zua rim 'dirt, filth' San. kogiiz.
313v I (quotn.): X w a r . srv ditto Qrttb 99:
Kom. xrv ditto CCG; Gr.: KIP. xrIr al- k i r - (g-) 'to enter'; with some extended
-runsax 'dirt' (opposite to 'clean' art:) k i r Iiorr. meanings. C.i.a.p.a.1.; NW Kumq-k; S W
27, 17: xlv ditto Id. 83 (under kilikqe: (for Osm. g i r - ; Tkrn. gi:r-. TiirkU V I I I yana:
kirlikqe:) 'pillow case'): xv ditto Kav. 64, 17; k i r i p 'entering (the hattle) again' I E 38;
Tuh. 38a. 12. Oguz tezip tavknqka: kirti: 'the O h z fled
and entered China' 11 E 38; a.0. I1 N 14:
1 kiir (?g-) originally 'stout-hearted, coura- V I I I ff. (above it reaches heaven) asra: yerke:
geous, bold', and the like; thismeaningonly as kirii:r 'below it enters the earth' IrkB 20;
noted below, but it seems to survive in NE 8.0. do. 63: S U ~ ~ ballkda: U : kirmi:$ y a -
kUr, Bar. 'self-willed'; Koib. 'swiftly flowing' r c k d a : 'out of the breastplates which arrived
(water); Tel. 'fat, stout' R II 1447; Kliak. from the city of Suchou' Mir. A 14 ( E T Y 11
'bold, uncontrollable'; Tuv. (xiir) 'well-fed; 65): Man. i ~ g e r i i :k i r i p 'going in' M I j, 3:
(of winter) starting with ample supplies of Yen. Mal. 25, I (yaglz!: Uyg. vrrl (the Kar-
food': SW Az. kiir 'an uncontrollable, fidgety luk) O n Ok(k)a: kirti: entered the country of
(child)': Osm., Tkm. giir 'thick, dense, abun- the O n Ok (western Tiirkii)' $u. N 11:
dant'. See Doerfer 111 1672. Xak. XI klir e r vrrr ff. Man.-A etiizke k i r i i r 'enters the body'
al-racttlu'l-rcibifu'I-ca'pi'I-qawiyu'Z-qalbi'l-~~mixM I 16, 7:.Man. kireyin tkser 'if (I) say "let
bi'tanf 'a man with a courageous soul, a stout me come ~ n "' M I1 8, 13 (ii): Chr. yalun
heart, and his nose in the air' (prov., verse b a r l p kirdiler 'they approached and entered'
k i i r m e t a n t g yiire:ki: '(the tribe's) heart is U I 6, 11: Bud. k i t - is very common; e.g.
stmng (qarrti) for me)' Kal. I 324: KB kiir is baltkka kirdf 'he entered the city' PP 4, I ;
 V. G R -
0.0. rir~.39, S (iqgcrii:); IJ I1 26, 3 ( k l s t l ) : Civ. \\ell at night' I i , I 33, 11i1tin the omen trxts
k i r - IS corilmon, e.n. i k i o t r ~ z k an r a m a y nol-111nllyrnc;lns tt) c o r ~ s ~the ~ l t o n ~ c n s ' ;thrrc
kiini k f r u r 'on the ~ 2 n dday (of tlic schematic are varlous idioms; I$ a g r ~ g u k r u n d a
month) the (first) day of the tirrt (calendar) k o r s e r s e n 'if you crrnqr~ltthe omens atmut an
month conles in' T T 1'11 6, 4 ; ( ~ you f sneeze i l l n e s ' 7'1' I 16; i g l a p a k i j r s e r s e n same
at midday) t a v a r k i r u r '\vcaltl~colnes into i i i e a n i ~ ~do.
g 7 7 ; y a f i m u r y : % Q ~ t a u k ak i i r s e r
(your possession)' do. 35, 23; a.o. USp. 77, 1 4 'if a m:ln concults thc orncns a h r ~ u t(the poasi-
(u:d-): X a k . sr 01 evkc: k i r d l : 'he entered hility o f ) rl~aklngit r-nir~'7'7' 1,'I1 29, r ; t a v a r
(dtlmln) the house' K a f 118 ( k i r u r , k i r r n e : k ) ; t e g c r e (?rcatl t e g r e ) k i i r s e r 'if a lnnn con-
nrarly 3 0 o.o., same translation: K D k i r - 15 s u l t ~tile nnlcns ahout property' do. 16: X a k .
v e y colnnlon, ~ ~ ~ u a physicnlly
lly 'tn go in, X I 01 nieni: kiirtil: rrr'tirri 'tic ran. nrc'; in a
enrcr'; hut sorlletltnes in an abstract srnse, e.p. yiizkc: kiirme: ' d o not look at (Iri
zh(neteg1ik); in some contexts it i s a n Inchoa- tnntrrr) a rnnn'c face' Krrf. I1 8 (kiire:r,
t i r e Aux. V . , e.g. o k r p kirtli 'he decidcd tn k 6 r m e : k ) ; about 60 (1.1) ; ttvo occurrences of
sunlnron' 620; a y t u k i r t l i 'he heKarl to qrres- A ( J ~k,o r i i r ; occnsio~inlspellings of kB:r- esp.
tion' 626; (the full moor!) I r l u k i r t l i 'began tl) in tllr Impcrat. ; t~~:~r~sl:rtecl ro'd, hnsrrrn ('to
wane' l o j z : S I I I ( : ) At. (\\hen a man dies) SI.C'), ,ra;mrn a s arl A u x . \'. k u r a : k o r d i i n i
tcil,rak iqige k i r i p 'and enters the ground' rttlltrrrlrr ' I strunc' (my strclng IMJW)III 219,
308; 7't=ff k i r - 'to enter; to penetrate; to 1 6 : K I J k i i r - 'to scc' is cornnlon 248, ctc.;
bcgin' 180: X I V hlrrlr. rlnxaln g i : r - Me[. 26, 3 ; the Itnpcr;~t. k o r I S constantly used, alrnost
Rif. 108; 111-r/rrslil g i : r m e g .I.+, 12; 54, 9 ; 119 mcaninglessl~,to supply a syllable in a verse
(only): Cnp. sv ff. k i r - ('with k - ' ; -gelf, rtc.) n h i c h would othcrrviae laclc one 38, etc.-as
xir- Vel. 356-7; k i r - drixrl jrtdon 'to enter' an Aux. V. o z u g k e b a k a k o r 'look at yourself'
Son. 3 1 2 ~ 1. 7 (quotns,): X w a r . XIII k i r - 'to 239 8 . 0 . 0 . : srrl(?) At. ditto; Tej. kkiir- 'to see';
enter' ',4li 30: X I I I ( ?ditto
) Og. 139: xrv ditto a y r u t u r m a k k a s n w P b k i j r m e d i 'he did not
Q ~ r t h98; ll'lhT5 6 : Kom. xrv ditto CCG; Gr. thirik it correct to stand apart' 185: x ~ Mtrlt. v
148 ( q u o t n ~ . ) KIP. X I I I dnsnlu k i r - (MS. bnsr~rngii:r- 114~1.5 , 5 ; Rry. 75; n b ~ o r a'to see'
kiir-) Hotr. 33, 15 (and 27, 1 8 ) ; cfiza ininn'l- g6:r- 21, 13; 102; rzl-lra;or g i j : r m e g 13, 1 3 ;
-'uhrir rco'l-dtrsril 'to cross; to cnter' k i r - 3 9 , s : 35, 9 ; Ry, r z r : G a g . s v fr. k n r - ('with k - ' ,
srv k i r - dusnla ftf. 80; nl-3nl~ru'l~do'.?il'the - g e n , etc.) pri.r- Vel, 364-6; k i i r - didan 'to sce'
coming month' ki:re:n a y Ilrrl. 13, I I : sv Srrn. 303". 22 (qu(>tns.): X w a r . xrr ditto 's2li
ria~rr/ak i r - Knv. 9, 18; 74, I;; TII~I.163. 4; 28, 30: x ~ r r ( ? )kiir- ' t o see' is common in 02.
a.o.0. esp. tn the (nun-Turkish) phr. k i j r d i k i m
'he S:I\V thnt' 32, 36, 41, ctc.--(O& Xaean)
kiir- (g-) I,nsically 'to see ( c o ~ n c t h i nAce.)'
~ y a x p t k u r d i 'approved of' (tllc young man's
with several extended nlcaninjis like 'to ex- statenlcnt) 198; a.1). 3zy: srv kijr- 'to scc'
perience (something Arc.); to look to, i.e. obey (co~nrnon)Qrrtb 102; 11fN 41, ctc.: Kom. xrv
(so~neoneDot.); to sce to it thnt (you d o sonle- 'to see (cotn~noti);to experience' k o r - CCI,
thing, Ckr. in -u:/-ii:)'. C.i.a.p.a.1.; N\V CCG; C r . 153 (quotns.): KIP. X I I I basurn
t<unlyk: SW Ostn., '1'1 ::,. gilr-. 'There, is k o r - Ilorr. 33, 14: X I V k i i r - rrhsnrn Id. 8 0 ;
ohriorisly a very old cty:nologicnl connectroll k i i r e n nl-tntrbsir, oriainall>- k o r g e n do. 7 ~ ;
with 1 kii:z 'eye', cf. s e m i z and s e m r i : - . oh~nrcrPCO nr'Z (?read ro'fi) k i i r - 1j1rl. zgr.: xv
T u r k i i vrrr korii:r kiizirn k o r r n e z teg ... rrrrzorn roc1 rcr'Z k i i r - k-azr. r), 19'; TIIJZ.43 b. I ,
bolt^: 'my seeing eye hrcnii>e sinhtless' I N r o ctc. (not tmnslntcd).
- I E I<>,I1 E 16 (1 e m g e k ) - k o p m a g a : D i s . ORE
kiirti: 'everyone looked to, i . e . obeyed, me'
I E 30, II E 24 (and see k6rg.u:)-(the XaRan I) k6:rii (8-) /id\,. fr. *kc?:; 'backwards, be-
said) yelii: k i i r 'see to it that you ride fast' hind', and the like; an early I.-w. in Mony. as
7' 26-scvcrnl 0.0.: V I I I ff. t a g iize: y u l s u v grrii (IIrr~~~tisclr so); s.i.s.m.l. in NC, NW, SLi'
khrii:pen ylg iize: y a q o t k o r u : p e n 'seeing Az. k h r i ; Osrn. g e r i . 'I'tirku vlrl k b r u : '\vest-
s p r i n p and water on the mountains and fresh ~ r n r d s '(;is far as the Iron (;ntv) I E 2; a n t a :
vegetation in the mountain forests' I r k B 1 7 ; k e r u : bar111 'aoinp hnck from there' I.Y. 1 6 ;
egi:drni:qte: kiirii: k i j r r n i : ~yep, 'it is better k e r u : b a r l j i t n a : b n r d ~ :'those rvho wished to
to see with your o n n eycs than to hear' TII~I. KO hnck went' OtrRirr 11: I J y a . IS kCrO: k i i n
I11 s. 3-4 (E'f'I' II 94): Man. k o r t i (mis- batsrk(k)a: '\\,estwards towards the sunset'
transcribed kirti) 'saw' M 1 6 , 2 ; k o z i n k o r i i p III B.9 ( E T Y I1 38): V I I I ff. Man.-A M I
Chrtns. 312-(if I have accepted the advice of 26, 26-7 (ilgerii:): Bud. tinirt k6ru: k a y t l
evil companions and) kiigulin k o r u p 'looked t a r t a p 'drarving brick (Hend.) his reins'
to, i.c. followed, their thoughts' do. 199; a.o.0.: USp. 97, 20-1 ( k a y t ~ uncertain, but see
Clyg. v r r ~k i j r t e d i r n 'I said "see" (or 'obey 2 k a d r t - ) : Civ. kPrii b a r ~ 'goes r hack' TT I
me'?)' $11. E I I ; a.o. S 3 ; Srrci8 (atl:): vrlr ff. 174: X a k . sr kB:k t e m i i r k b r u : (kfif un-
&fan.-A k i i r e l i m 'let us see (your perfect vocalized) t u r m i r : s 'blur iron docs not rest
., .
.1 I I SM 14,
heinp) I 1 1 , 17; 0.0. do. 9, 6 ; 9, 7: R,Ian.
rtc. ( t u g ~ l ) ;a.o.0.: Bud. k o r -
(yastnqirr) without murk' KO$.1 3 6 1 , 26 (Kaf.
explains this ns meaning that wlicn a sword is
'to see' is very coninlc)rl, e.p. k o r i i r e r d i used, it is not left in the \vnund l>utwithdrawn
'he saw' (the filmlers outside the city) PP I , 3 : for further usc); (the man who enters the grave)
Civ. kiir- occurs for 'to see', e.g. k a y u k i ~ i kCrii: yar1ma:s 'does not come back' 11165,
k e ~ eetJgIi k o r m e s e r 'if a man cannot see 2 ; kkr-il: kiiriip 'looking behind you' (!mlfnL)
 4

DIS. GRB 737

1ZI 245, 16; a.0. do. 246, I ; n.m.e.: XIV Dls. GRB
Muh. ha& g6:rii: Mel. 14, I I ; Rif. 90 (rnis- kirpl: 'hedgehog'. S.i.a.m.1.g.; in some lan-
spelt gC:rter); tanahhd 'to cease, be stopped, guages 'porcupine' is o k l u g (or the like) klrpi.
he removed' kkrii: e r - ( ? ) 24, I I (vocalized Uyg. vru ff. Uud. Suv. 299, b(ag1t): Civ. k i r p i
kermuar-); 106(unv1)calized,kk:rii:er-): Xwar. terlsln 'the skin of a hedgehog' If 1129: Xak.
xrlr kbrii 'thm, again' 'Ali 5 5 : xlv ditto xr klrpi: a/-qtrnftrd 'hed~ehog';and al-duldul
Qtrth 90: Kom. xrv kerl (of space) 'hack- 'porcupine' is called o k l u g kirpi: Kay. 1415:
wardr'; (of time) "before' C C I ; (;r. 13q xrv Mrrh.(?) al-qunfrrd kirpi: Rif. I j j (unly):
(quotns.): KIP. x111 !la& (opp~~sitcto 'in Gag. xv ff. k l p r i (sic, spelt) xdrprry~'hedge-
front' Iigerii) kerii: lforr. 26, 11): xrv irlnrnlo hog', in Ar. q~~nftrJ. . . kiprl tiken 'a kind of
'then' k6:rti: 11111. 15, 12: O s m . x ~ vff. gerii, larnc hcdnrhog', in Ar. dtrldul Son. 31 zr. 29:
sr~ttlctirncs rpclt gC:ru: ';lfterwards; tmck', K o m . X I V ‘hedgehog' k l r p i CCG; Gr.: KIP.
etc.; c.i.a.p. 2 7 ' s 1 305-6; I1 429-30; III xrv kirpi: ('with - p - ' ) 01-qunfud Id. 80; Bul.
290-1 ; I V 336. to, 9: xv ditto Tuh. zya. 7.
?F kiirl 'a measure of capacity, or weight, korpe: basically (of an animal or crop) 'pro-
for dry goods like grain'. Chinese tor4 (G'iles duced late in the season', It retains this mean-
I I ,427) is usually translated 'peck'(2f bushels)
ing of lambs in NC Klr., Kzx., see Shcherbak,
and contains ten shtng (Giler 9,879) or 'pints'.
p. I 14, and SW Tkm. and of crops like lucerne
Survives in S1; Tiirki kiire 'a weight of 22.4
in NW Kaz. (kurpt); Kk. SW Az., Osm.
kilograms', Menges, I~olkskttndliche Textp k o r p e 'very young, fresh, tender' retains this
nus Ost.-l'iirkistan, SPAW. 1933, XXXII, p. meaning in a more generalized form. From this
I I I . No doubt a I.-w., but not Chinese, per-
it came to mean 'the skin of a (very young)
haps 'I'okharian. Uye. vrrl ff. Bud. (if I have lamb' in NC Klr.; NW Nog., Kumyk and
committed fraud \vith scales, inch and foot from this more generally 'quilt, coverlet, soft
measures) g8gln k a v m kiirin kiirllikln mattress', and the llke in several SE, NC, SC,
'pints, tenth-pints, pecks, and peck nleasurcs N W langua~esand SW Tkm. See Doerfn I11
(?)' U 1 1 7 7 , z 6 ; 86,,43; T T I V 10,5;Slrv. 135,
9: Civ. k d r i (sornctlrncs m~stranscr~hed kiini) is 1673. Xak. X I korpe: o:t al-xalfa mina'l-nabt
c o ~ n ~ n oinn USp. as a measure of grain, millet, 'a late (or second) crop'; similarly one says
korpe: y k m l g 'late (or second) fruit', that is
etc. 7, 20, 37, 69, 70, etc.: xrv Chin.-Uyf. Dirt. fruit which appears after the first crop;
tou 'peck' kiirl R 111454; Ligeti 178. similarly 'a child born in the summer' (al-
-waladu'l-la~$i) is called korpe: o g u l ; simi-
Dls. V. GRE- larly lambs, camel colts, and calves born after
k(ire:-/kiiri:- Preliminary note. Kay. dis- the usual season (awdnihri) are called kiirpe:
Kaj. 1 4 1 5 : F a g . xv ff. k o r p e (spelt) (I) lihf
ting~rishesbetween an Intrans. V. 'to run away,
'quilt'; (2) ylinca-i nim-ras 'half-grown lucerne'
desert', VU k8re:-, and a Trans. V. 'to dig up, Sun. 305r 23: Kom. xrv 'lamb skin' kiirpe
shovrl', and the like, kiiri:-. Only the latter strr- C C G ; Gr.: KIP. xrv k8rpe: ('with -p-') al-
wives, and the modem forms of it are fairly -rartifiil-radi"a suckinglamb, calf', etc. !d. 81.
consistently kiire-; similarly even in Xak. its
der. f.s have -e-, not -i-; its final vowel is ?F kerpiq 'brick', esp. 'sun-dried brick'.
tlt~reforeopen to some question. S.i.rn.rn.1. in the same form, but does not exist
in SE, SC which use Persian xiyt; 1.-w. in
VU kUre:- 'to run away, desert', and the like. Russian as kirpich. I t is prob. that both bricks
N.0.a.b. Uyg. V I I I ff. Man.-A(the chief of the and the word for them were borrowed by the
demons) tezdi kiiredi 'fled and ran away' Turks fr. some other people. Xak. xr kerpiq
Man.-uig. I7rag. 400, 3: Xak. XI k u l kiire:di: 01-labin 'sun-dried brick'; and a baked brick
'the slave (etc.) ran away' (ahaqa) Kaj. I11 263 (al-ricurr) is called b1g1g kerpiq 1 455; 0.0.
(kiire:r, kiire:me:k): Kl3 ktiremlg kiireg I 372 ( b ~ ~ l g IZI
) ; 119 (ki:b): ~ I I I ( ? Tef.
)
e r d t og b u oziim 'I myself was a runaway k6rpiq (sic?) 'brick' 180: xrv Mull. al-&-urr
fugitive' 1118; a.0. 316. kerpi:q; al-labin g a y tnufa.rxar ('unbaked')
yi:g kerpi:q Mel. 59, 7(yi:l in error); Rif. 158:
kiiri:- 'to dig up (thc ground); to shovel Gag. xv ff. kkrpiq ('with -p-') xijt 'brick'
(snow)', and the like. Kiire- (sic) usually 'to Sun. 3 1 3 ~4. (quotn.): Kom. xrv 'baked brick'
shovel (snow)' survives in NE Koib., Sag., Tel. bigmig kerpiq C C I ; Gr.: KIP. X I I I al-!lib
R 1 1 1448; Khak.: SE Turki: NC Klr. (kiiro-); 'baked brick' kiirpiiq (sic?; -b-c) Hou. 24, 13:
Kzx.: S C Uzb, (kura-): NW Kaz. (kore-), xrv kerpiiq (sic; -b-c! al-acurra; and in Klp.
Kumyk, Nog.: SW Az., Osm. (Tkm. kiirek- used for 01-bunydn building, wall' Id. 80;
le-). Xak. XI a t kiiri:di: 'the horse pawed 01-buttydn kirpiq (-b-c) BIII. 4, 3: xv 11%
(or dug up, hafara) the ground with its hooves'; klrpiq (-b-; later revocalized kerpiiq) Tub.
and one says 01 k a m e k8ri:di: kasiha'l-_talc 23b. I I .
wa carafahu 'he swept up the snow and
shovelled it away' Kaf. 111263 (kiiri:r, kiiri:- D kirpik 'eyelash'; Dim. f. of kirpi:.
me:k); a.0. I11 256 (kiiveqlig): O s m . xv S.i.a.m.1.g. w. a few phonetic changes, e.g.
kiirii- 'to dig up (the ground)': xvr kiire- (of SC Uzb. kiprik. Uyg. vrrr ff. Bud. kag1
a mare) 'to be on heat'; each in one text T T S k i r p i k i k o k a r j a w r t ogliig 'his eyebrows
11676. and eyelashes the colr~urof blue lapis lazuli'
8841125 3 b
 DIS. t
Proi~hetto he truthf~tl'(fndrlnqa mrtilahrr) Kaj. .do. 8, 7 (1 kg:$): Dud. k6rtle iig k a r k
I416: K B kerekllg kereksiznl kertti s o r u p 'beautiful colours and forms' TT VI 151;
'asking for the truth about what is necessary kiirtle ur1 'a beautiful boy' Urp. 97, I 1-12;
and unnecessary' 368: xrrr(?) At. k e r e k m u ,o.o. TT X 550 ( 2 tag) etc.; a component in
kereksizrnli kbrtii bilip 368; Tef, kertii feminine P.N.s Pfahl. 10, 12, etc.: 0. Ktr.
'true; certain' 174: Xwar. X I I I kertii 'true; IX ff. Mal. 10, 5 (urugu:).
honest' 'Ali 53: X I V kbrtiJ/kerti 'true, truth-
ful' Qurb 96: Kom. X I V 'true' kerti/klrti VUD kirdeg Hap. leg.; N. of Assn. fr.
CCI, CCG; Gr. 140 (quotns.): Ktp. al-fidq *k6r or *kir which can hardly be ki:r above;
'truth' (opposite to 'lie' 6trii:klyala:n) kbrti: The resemblance to Mong. ger 'house
Uotr. 27, 4; fadaqa 'to speak the truth' kbrti: (Haenisch 49) is prob. a mere coincidence.
ayrt-.doio. 36, 5; a.0. do. 18, 3 (eglik): xrv Xak. XI kirdeg 'a neighbour (ccr) who lives
kertu: $&fig;no V. is formed from this; if you with you in the same house' ( f i ddr wdhida)
wish to say fadnqa you say kbrtli: s6zle- KO$. 1461.
Id. 80; k e r t u sBz @dip do. 81 : xv ridq kerti Dis. V. GRD-
(sic; and other words) Tuh. zza. 12; ~adaga
k e r t i aylt- 22b. 6: O s m . xrv to xvr kertii D kerit- (3-) Hap. leg.; Caus. f. of ker- in
'true, loyal'; in several texts TTS I 472; 11 its peculiar Karluk meaning. Karluk XI 01
l t l n kerittl: anbaha kaZbahu 'he made his dog
645; ZV 525, bark' Kaf. I1 305 (keritil:r, ker1tme:k).
kirtilc 'envious' and the like; pec. to Xak.
Xak. XI k i r t i i ~ki$k 'a man who is envious D k u r e t - Caus. f. of kiire:-; n.0.a.b. Xak.
and ill-natured' (hastid garini'l-mlq) Kof. I .XI 01 an19 kulrn kiiretti: 'he incited his
455: K B kigi kxlkl kirtiic 'man's character (someone else's) slave to run away' ('ak'l-ibaq)
is (naturally) envious' 194. Kor. 11 305 (kiiretii:~, kliretme:k): K B
6536 (1 a r k u n ; this verse occurs only in the
D kertiik Pass. Dev. N./A. fr. kert- ; 'notch, Cairo MS., where the -e- is quite clear, but
notched', and the like; often used for the notch the Object of the V. is a horse, and this might
in a tally. S.i.a.m.1.g. See ketiik. Xak. xr belong to kurit-).
kertitk 'a notch (al-hazz) in wood'; one says
kertiik kemrthk 'notches and furrows' (hrrzziz VUD kurit- Caus. f. of kiirk-; survives a s
wa axddid); kertiik (MS. kertih) 'the notch' kiiret- in most of the same languages as
which is cut in a wooden (tally) for counting kiiri:-; the MS. of Kaj. has kuref- every-
loaves of bread and the like KO$. 1478: KIP. where, which raises a doubt about the original
X I V kertiik 'the position of a notch' (mawdi'u'l- form. Xak, XI 01 a g a r ka:r kurittk 'he urged
-!zczz) fd. 81: xv muhazzaz 'notched' kertik him to shovel ('aka kash) snow' (etc.) Kay. I1
T~th.3 4 b I I ; 48b. I I . 305 (kfiritu:r, kuritme:k, see above): K B
6536 (?, see kiiret-).
VU kiirtUk 'snowdrift, deep snow', and the
like. First vowel uncertain; survives as NE D kbrtgiin- 'to believe (something Arc.);
Tel. k o r t u k R 111265; Khak. kortik; Tuv. to believe in (something Dot.)'. Morpho-
xiirtiik; but N C Klr. ktirtukjkurtku: NW logically obscure; clearly cognate to k6rtu:.
Nog. kiirtik. There seems alsb to be a shorter N.0.a.b. Tiirkil virr ff. Man. kertif erklig
form k a r t in N E Kuer., $or: SE Tar.: NW M ~ l i l tegrl
g tepen kertkiinmedlmiz e r s e r
Kaz. R II 1461 and Kumyk. Uyg. vrrr ff. if we have not believed that he is a true, power-
Bud. only in the phr. 09 k u r t u k U III 29, ful, strong God' Chuas. 18-20; k6rtktin-
35 etc. (3 60). m e d i n 'through unbelief' do. 134; (of the four
"seals') ekinti kertkiinmek'the second is faith'
D k e r t g i i n ~Dev. N./A. fr. kertgun- ; 'belief, do. 180; 0.0. do. 71; T T Z I 10,85: UyB.vrrrff.
faith; believing'. Pec. to Uyg. Uyg. V I I I ff. Bud. fig ertinike caxvapatka kertgtiniir
Man. (we worship you) yllz yiizegiitin berii 'he believes in the three jewels and the com-
k 6 r t e U n ~ l n'with faith in all our limbs' T T mandments' T T V 22.37-8; kertgiinzifn bu
111 5: Bud. k6rtgUnq o n tUrliig yUrUg1Ug s a v s g 'let him believe these words' T T X
bolur 'there are ten interpretations of faith' 467; 0.0. do. 478; V1 57 (kdrtgUnq); USp.
T T V 20, I ; 0.0. do. 22, 30 (ugur); 26, 105-6 ~ d z b .27 (Inan-); Kuan. 80: Xak. XI k u l
(1 teg); kertgiinq kertgiinser 'if he believes' tegri:ke: kertgiindi: 'the servant acknow-
(in false rules) T T VZ 56-7 (and VZII 0.2) - ledged (qarra) the oneness of God and held
kbrtglinq kiiglilin 'with a believing mind' His prophets to be truthful' (~addoqaruslohu);
T T VII 40, 2 8 ; 0.0. do. 40, 8 and 117; U I also used when he acknowledged what he had
31, 16; Sf#. 137, I 6 (kogiilliig); Kuan. 51. said or done (qawa bi-md dla ow fa'ala) Kay.
IZZ 423 (khrtgiinii:r, k&tgiinme:k) ; teg-
?S kiirtle: 'beautiful'; perhaps a Sec. f. of ri:ke: kertgiin 'believe (dmin) in God' do.
the syn. word karkie:, q.v. N.0.a.b. Uyg. 423, 24; a.o, 1416 (kertii:; kertiindi: here
VIII ff. Man.-A k a r t l e kiirk 'beautiful form', is prob. a later alteration and not the author's
sometimes with additional epithets M Z to, 6; original text): XIII(?) Tef. kkertun- 'to believe;
r r , 4; 24, 4; kOrtle t a t ~ g l x g nornl 'his to believe in (w. Dot.)' 174 (the text also con-
beautiful sweet doctrine' Man.-uig. Frag. 440, tains kh.ti:kn-, perhaps a muddle of k6rtgin-,
title: Man. k6rtle ttizfln t e g r i m 'my and once k b t i i - , prob. an error for k6rtiin-):
beautiful, good God' M 118, 16-17 (i); a.o. Xwar. XIII kertiin- 'bbelieve' 'Ali 53 : O s m .
xrv and xv khrtin- 'to believe, rely on' in four D kertiir- (2-) Caus. f. of k e r - ; n.o.a.b.?
texts T T S 1 4 7 1; 111460; I V 524. Xak. X I 01 an19 to:ntn kllnke: kertiirdl: 'he
ordered that his (someone else's) garment
1) kortgtir- (g-) 'to show'; Caus. f. of kSr- should be spread out (hi-nmdd) in the sun';
w , euphonic - t - inserted. It and the shortenetl sinlilarly one says 01 yt:p kcrtiirdi: 'he had
foml korgiir- arc n.0.a.h. A new word the curd stretched out' (ntnad,ia) Kaj. I I 194
k ~ r g i i z -which
, can be regarded as a Sec. f. of ( k e r t u r u r , kertiirme:k): Kom. X I V J e s u s
this word, appeared in the medieval period; C:hristus bitik tiHnqc tatnrqa kutkardaql
the early occurrences are listed below. Another 01 k e r t l r e r barqa elni kutkardaql '"Jesus
new word giirset-, which is n>orphologically, Christ" in the langua~co f the scriptures is
hut hardly sen~antically,a Caus. f. of kame:-, "saviour" in Tatar; it Incans (or comprises, or
is first noted in Osm. xrv and xv, three texts covers?)"the saviourof nll people" ' CCC;; Ch.
T T S 11 456; 111 312; IV 357. ?'he other (prcsumnl>l!. the qnme r v o r d ; thrre is n o obvious
early Caus. f.s of k a r - are kortiir- and alterriativc).
korgit-, q.v. 'I'here is a re~narkablevariety of
n~odernforms, some languages having two or D kirtiir- (g-) Cau,. f. of k l r - ; survives
three. Usually these are completely syn.. but, in SW Az. k i r d i r - ; 0.irn. g l r d i r - ; 'I'km.
for exanlple, in S E Turki korgiiz- means 'to gi:rdiir- (and g1:riz-). Some other languages
help to see' (e.g. with the help of glasses) and have kirgiz-Ikirgiiz- R I1 1361, etc. Xak. X I
korset- 'to show', and in SW Xz. kordiir- 01 ant: evke: kirtiirdl: 'he ordered that he
tncans 'to order (someone) to see to, i.e. do should he admitted (or brought in, hi-idxdlilti)
(something)' and koster- (a metathesis of to thc house' (etc.) Kap. I1 195 (kirtiiriir,
kerset- ?) 'to show, demonstrate'. The klrtiirme:k): (xrrr(?) Trj. klrgiiz- 'to be
modern forms, nearly all meaning 'to show', brought in' 180).
are as fulluws: NE Alt., Leb., Sag., $or, Tel.
korgiis-; I<iier. kijrkos- R 11 1262; Kac., D kiirtiir- (g-) Caus, f. of kiir-; see kSrt-
l<oib., Sag. kortiis-; .$or kortos- 1265; giir-. Xak. X I 01 a g a r ne:g kbrtiirdi: 'he
Khak. kordiir-Ikorgis- ; Tuv. korgiiz- : urged him to see ('alii rtr'-ya) the thing' Kat.
SE Tar. korket- 1260; korgiiz- 1262; kSr- I1 194 (kortiiriir, k6rtiirme:k): SIII(?)Ttf.
set- 1265; Tiirki korgiiz-lkorset-: NC Klr. k o r t e r - (sic, perhaps a mistranscription) 'to
k o r d i i r - / k 6 r g o z - / k M t - ; Kzx. kiirgiz-/ show' 186 (a second k a r t e r - 'to erect' (ya'ni
korset-: SC Uzh. kUrgaz-IkUrsat-: NU' bin6 krl-) is either an error or rniqtrsnscription
I<ar. 'I'. korgiiz- R II 1262; Kaz. kiirset-. of kotiir- ( ?kd:tiir-) which also occurs in Tef.):
I<k., Nog. k a r s e t - ; Kumyk garset-: s\< Ktp. srv id. 81 (kortgiir-).
Az. kordiir-/koster- ; Osm. gorgllz- (Red. ;
1) k e r t i ~ Hap.
- leg.; Co-op. f. of kert-. Xak.
obsulete)/goster-; T k n ~ .gordiir-lg6rkez-. X I 01 mana: ytgn:q kertigdl: 'he helped Ine
Uyg. vrrr ff. Man. IM I11 26, r I (i) (odgur-
atl:); 39, 1-3 (ii) ( a d ~ n q l g ) :Bud. kortgiir- to notch(fi/razz) the piece of wood' (ctc.); also
occurs nearly 50 times in Kuan. esp. in such used for con~petit~g k-aq. I ? 222 (kertlqU:r.
kertigme:k).
phr. as (Kuan-$i-im Pusar) b u r x a n l a r kor-
kin kortgiiriir 'shows the forms of the T r i s . GRD
Buddhas' (to those mortals) 103-4; in four D khrtgiinqliig P.N./A. fr. kbrtgiinq;
places it is mis-spelt kotgiir- and in U I I 19, n.o.a.h. UyQ. vrrr ff. Man. iki y a r u k o r d u k a
I I (which is Kztan. 128) korgiir-; a.o. T?'
kertgiinqliig 'believing in the two palaces of
VI 237: (Xak.?) x ~ vAfuh.(?) ardni'l-lay' 'he
showed me the thing' g6:rgiizdi: Rif. 103 light' A t I 29, 9-11; a.o. do. 30, 2-3 (bek):
(only): Xwar. SIII(?)m e n saga baqlap yolnl Ilud. Sanskrit irnddItii 'by faith' k6rtgijnqlog
(sic) 7'7' VIII A.33; k 6 r t g i i n ~ l i i gblig 'the
kiirgiiriirmen 'I will lead you and show you
the war.' 0g. 221-2: xrv kiirgez-/korgiiz- 'to hand of faith' V 2 4 53; 0.0. do. 55-7.
show' ~ 1 4 t hlot ; .&IN 429: Kom. xrv 'to show' D k6rtgiinqsiiz Priv. N./A. fr. k h r t g i i n ~ ;
ktirgilz- CCI, C C C ; Gr. I 54 (quotns.): KIP. n.o.a.b. Uyg, vlti ff. Bud. k 6 r t g U n ~ s i i zt6z
srv kargiiz- arc gayrahn 'to show someone iize bulganmtg 'troubled hy the root o f
(something)'; one also says kordiir-, this is ~inbelicf'T T V ah, tor.
the originnl forlil(a1-arl); one also says koster-
rneaning nrd Id. 81; arii koster- Bzrl. 27v.: D F kiritlig IIap. leg.; P.N.l.4. fr. kirit. Xak.
s v arc ktirset-lkorgez- (in margin klirguz-) XI kiritllg k a p u g 'a locker1 (trlrii[aq) door'
Tub. 6h. 2. Kaz. I506.
D kertil- Pass. f. of k e r t - ; 'to be notched, DF kiritlik A.N. (Cone. N.)fr. k l r l t ; n.o.a.l~.
gashed', etc. S.i.m.m.l.g. Xak. X I yrga:q k e r - Xak. sr kiritlik a/-2alaq 'a lock' Kaj. 1 5 0 6 ;
tildi: 'the piece of wood (etc.) \\,as notched' 0.0. 172 (eniik); I 306 (osiig1e:-).
(!razzo); and one says k u l boynl: kertildi:
'the slave was humiliated' ($rtllilo); derived T r i s . V. GRD-
fr. a/-/~azzbut an expression for a/-tad/il KO?.
I 1 z36 (kertilii:r, kerti1me:k); a.0. I 160, 6: D k4:rtgiinse:- Hap. leg. in a para. on the
(Klp. s v inqasafa 'to be broken, split' kertln- Desid. f.; Desid. f. of kkrtgiin-. Xak. XI 01
(sic) Tuh. 6a. 8). tegr1:ke: k8:rtgiinse:di: (misvocalized -gin-)
'he resolved to ncknowledge (qapnda an yrrqirr)
S khrtiin- See kCrtgiin-. the oneness of God' Kas. 1 280, 25; n.rn.e.
 DIS. G R G
wood' Kaj. 1 430: Gag. xv ff. korge (?or O.9(VI66, in Uye. script usually spelt krg~k);
karege; 'with k - and -$-') 'a table (jandali) common in this usage and srlch usages as kiig
on which decanters, jugs, and cups are put at kergek 'strength is necessary' T?' V 22, 26;
a feast'; also 'a wine decanter or jug' (yard n e kergekin bar$a hergeyhiz 'we will give
zarfr . . . belhele ma'nCsrnn) Vel. 367 (quotns.); everything that is necessary' PP 22, 3-4: Civ.
karege (spelt) 'a table (kursi) on which jugs yCmi? ke:re:k 'one must eat' T T I'III I.19,
and wine decanters are placed' (same quotns.); a.o.0. with kere:k/ke:re:k: -ml$/-mi$ ker-
the R~imiauthor made a mistake in translating g e k is common in T?' VII and kerek occurs
it 'jug, decanter' Son. 3 0 5 ~ 4.
. once; in I J S p . kergek is common, ~lsuallyin
1) korgii: (g-) Dev. N.fr. kiir- ; lit. 'the act of
such phr. as marJa ... h o r kergek bolup
'since I nccdcd wine' r , 2: Xak. SI kerek
seeing' or the like. A rare word which seems a I'article (/rnrf) nicaninp 'it is necessary'
to rurvive only in S\V Osm. gorgii 'experience, (ynnhnti); it is the aiiSwcr to anyone ~ v h osays
hreedinp, good manners' (fr. k o r - in the sense kerekmii: 'is i t nccessary?'; one says kerek
of 'to experience something'); Tkm. g6rgi/ 'yes' (bali) Knj. I 391; ta:$t(S 1sru:masa:
gorgii 'pain, suffering' (cf. the Tiirkii phr. npmlg kere:k (sic) 'if a man cannot bite a stone
1 emge:k kor- 'to experience suffering'). he must kiss it' (fal-yrrqobbilrrhu) I 163, 19;
T u r k u vrrr (you yourselves have offended a.0.o. in t~oth spellings: KB kerek sirzni
against your wise moton. . .) k0rgii:gin li$u:n siizler kigi 'a man who says ~vliatis necessary'
igidrni? 'who nourished ).oil because you 1 8 j ; a j u n t u t g u k a e r u k u ~ l u gkerek 'a man
looked to (i.e. obeyed) him' I E 23, 11E 19: who controls the world needs intelligent men
Xak. xr KB (I have ornamented my shop well) (to serve him)' 217; 8.0.0.-kerek e r d i s e n
ki$l korgiisi 'for people to look at' 5108: m e m u n l u k s a s e n 'you too had to under-
;urrr(?) Tej. (he gave the greatest of them) stand this' 658-kerek ... .
k e r e k 'either . .
19% y a l a w a g n q korgiini 'the appearance of
the prophet Jesus' 185.
or' 212, 235, etc.; k e r e k . .. yE ditto 3609:
XIII(?)At. kerek 'is necessary' is common-
1) korkdeg Hap. leg.?; N. of Assocn. fr. kerek . . . k e r e k 474; Tpf, n e r s e kerekini
k o r k ; 'of the same shape, a I-cplica'. In a note 'everything ncccssary' ; bergii kerek 'one
on this passage, Hiien-Is., p. 25, note 156, v.G. must givc' 173: (jag. xv ff. kCrek b4yad 'it is
suggests that the word actually means nir- nccessav' Son. 3 1 3 ~ 3: . Xwur. X I I I kerek-
nr(innknyn, the first of the Buddha's three m e z 'it is not necessary' 'Ali 27: xtrr(?) bol-
hodies, the 'shadow body' n-hich lie can assume s a m kerek t u r u r 'I must become' 02. 108;
for certain purposes; this seems to be a mis- balukni (sir) kataglngu (sic?) kerek t u r u r
take; the replicas were no doubt nirmdna- 'you ~ i i i ~hold s t the town lirmly' do. 177: X I V
kri,.as, hut the Turkish for that \votd k e r e k conitncln; kerckmez k l m 'it is not
belgiirtme ((1.v.)etiiz. Uyg. v ~ r ff. r Bud.(just necessary that' Qttrl, 94: AfN I 18, 220; kerek-
as the Buddhas, \vhm they hnve entered nir- rnez ig 'sorncthing you should not do' A'nhc.
c*d?m,by exercising their authority to ask for 16, 2: K o m . X I V 'necessary' kerek CCI.
divine favour, in accordance with the wishes CCG; Cr. 139 (quotns.): KIP. xlv kerek
of mankind, by various distinguished rebirths) 'need' (01-lrdca) or the like; one says n e kerek
yaruklug korkdeglerin o r u n o r u n s a y u 'what is your nced?', thst is 'what do you
kodu y a r l l k a p 'deign to place their shining want ?', it is equivalent to mC dfi irrrid fd 80;
replicas in all places, Srtz'. 64, 6 ff. s v !rcica k e r e k Tuh. 13b. 2; mtrlrtdc 'needed
k e r e k do. gob. 3: O s m . xrv ff, g e r c k 'must',
13 kergek (ker.ge:k; g-) N.it1.S. in - k fr. with Future or Conditional; g e r e k 'neces-
kerge:- ; necessity, nccessan '. necame kerek .
sary'; g e r e k . . gerek 'either . . . or';
by elision of the -g- at an unusually early date. g e r e k m e z 'must not' (entered under a V.
C.i.a.p.a.1.; NW Kurnyk; SW Osm., Tkm. g ~ r ~ k n t hut~ k , this is an error, the word is a
gerek. Apart fr. its ordinary meanings, it is crasis of g e r e k imez) T?' S 1 3 0 4 ; 11428;
used in various idioms including (I) as a sort I11 289; I V 334.
of Aux. V. meaning 'must' after (a) the Infin. ;
(h) Participles in -mt$/-mig and -gu:/-gii:, D kergiik (g-) f-Iap. lcg.; ljev. N. fr. k e r - ;
and later (c) the Conditional; (2) k e r e k
kerek 'eithcr . . . or', in which the original
... lit. 'something stretched out'. Xak. sr kergiik
iny' fi kirji'l-jdt ma'n'lTfnht kn'l:foi~f 'a thing
meaning has completely evaporated; (3) for like the paunch in the bel'l; of a sheep beside
'stint', cf. kerge:-, kergekslz. Tiirkii vrrr the paunch' KO?. II 2Rg.
occurs onlv in the pht. k e r g e k but- 'to meet
one's fate, hie' I E ~ ,30; I N 10; Ix. 23 (UVUI-): I3 kiirge:k abbreviated Dev. N. (N.I.) fr.
vrrl ff. Man. t u t m a k k e r g e k e r t i 'it was kiiri:-. S.i.a.m.1.g. as k u r e k or the like for
necessary to keep' (the commandments) 'spade, shovel'; the second meaning 'oar' sur-
Chtms. I 95 ; a.o.0.-(if we have committed vives only in SW Az., Osm., Tkm. In other
various sins and not prayed properly) ne$e languages 'oar' is (2) eggek or, occasionally,
egsiig k e r g e k bolt1 e r s e r 'if various de- kulak, neither of them old words. X U ~xr.
ficiencies and stintinga have arisen' do. 289-90: kiirge:k micrafti'l-stcfrm wa mishdt hull jay'
y y g . VIII ff. Man.-A t u r m t g kergek erIlr 'a boat oar; a shovel of any sort' Kny. 11289:
we must stand' M I 2 q , 3 : Man. m u n t bilmig s l v Rh?. (God created Adam) yagrz y e r
kergek 'one must know this' TT I1 16, 24-5: kilrekidin 'from a shovelful of brown earth'
Bud. inqe: bilmig ke:rge:k (sic) TT VIII R II 1449: (jag. s v ff. kBrek (spelt) ( I ) pcirti
8
 , D I S . V. G R G - '
'shovel; oar'; (2) usfum?-i jlina 'shoulder- In S W Osm. prob. a direct borrowing fr.
blade'; (3) gdza-i panba a cotton pod' Son. Pe. Uyg. vnr ff. Civ. kiirkiirn in several
305r 25: Kom. XIV 'shovel' ktirek C C I ; Gr.: prescriptions N 1 67, 94; 11 6, 15: Xak. XI
Klp. xrrr (after 'boat') a[-micdrif 'oar' kiirek kiirktim al-za'jarcin 'saffron'; this word
(unvocalized) Iioir. 7, 7 ; al-lamhii'lladi yudar- agrees with rlr. because the Arabs, too, call it
ru'l-galla 'the scoop with which seed is kurkirm Kal. I486.
scattered' ktirek (ditto) do. 9, 12: xrv ktirek
al-micrafa !d. 80: xv lowh kiirek (etc.) Tuh. D klrgin (g-) Hap. leg.; Dev. N. fr. kir-.
3 1 b 8 ; tniqddf 'scoop' (eagik; in margin) Xak. XI kirgin qnlmu'l-faltl 'the rutting of a
kiirek do. 3 3 b 6. stallion'; and one says bugra: kirgini: kirdi:
daxala qa~mir'l-/ah1 'thc rutting (season) of
? D k6rkle: 'beautiful'; prima facie a Den. camel stallions came in' Kaf. 1443.
N./A. fr. k a r k , hut there i n no other trace of
a Den. Suff. -le:, and the existence of a syn. D kiirksuz (9-) Priv. N.IA. fr. k 6 r k ; 'ugly'.
word kortle: suggests that hoth may he repre- Survives in S C Uzh. korkaiz: NW Kk.
sentations of some foreign word and the koriksiz: S W Tkrn. gorksiiz. Uyg. vrrrff.
semantic connection w. k e r k a coincidence. Bud. T I ' VI 443 (afila); 460 (be1gii:siiz);
Pec. to Uyi. Uyg. vrr~ff. Man. T T 111 81 U 11143, 25 ('ugliness'): Xak. xr KD k8rk-
( k a n ~ n ~ s t z Bud.
): t a r t k6rkle k i r k ~ n'four siiz siigiig 'ugly curses' 260; k e r e k e r s e
beautiful maidens' PP 42, 2; a.o. do. 8 (2 tau); korkliig yB korksiiz 'whether she is pretty
0.0. T T V rz, 123 (of a place); do. 127 (of or ugly' 3609: XIIT(?)At. b u x u l kbrksiizti
a boy); Kuan. 76, 77; Suv. 92, 19; 349, 2 ; 'meanness is an ugliness' (of character) 250;
646, 2 (of a sound). Te/. korksiiz 'ugly' (deed) 186: xlv Aluh. al-
-roa/zg 'savage' (opposite to 'pretty' go:rgliig)
D kiirklilg (g-) P.N./A. fr. kiirk; basically p8:rksi:z Mel. 46, I I ; Rij. 140, 153; nl-qabili
'having the shape of', a meanlng still current ugly' (ditto) gorksi:z 54, 5; 151: Kom. xiv
in Uyg., but normally 'having a heautiful 'ugly, ugliness' korksiiz/korkiisiiz CCI, Gr.
shape, beautiful'. Survives in t h ~ ssense in
N E Tel. ki3rknla R II 1261: NW Kar. I,. Dis. V. GRG-
karklii do.; Kk. korikli: S W Tkm. gorklil
gBrklii. Distinct fr. kiiriikliig. Uyg. vrrr ff. D kirik- Intrans. Den. V. fr. ki:r. Suniveq
Bud. T T VI 410-1 I [Btiglig); U 11157, 6 (i) only(?) in N C Kzx. R II 1357. Xak. xr to:n
(osu@~R): Civ. b i r kiirkliig r n c ~ i z l i gu r l kirikti: 'the garment (etc.) was soiled'(daritia)
ogul keliirgey 'she will bear a heautiful Kas. I1 117 (kirike:r, k1rikrne:k); 0.0. do.
handsome hov' T T VII 26. 17-18: Xak. xr 119, 5 ; 165, 12.
k&rklii:g tonu:g 'a heauiifui (hasnn) gar- kerge:- thc base of kergek, which is so com-
ment' Kai. 1 4 5 , 19; korklii:g 1tigi:ke: (?read mon, hut n.0.a.b There is no trace of a Sec. f.
kisi:ke:) ilfi'l-$abiftati'l-ma& 'for a hand- kere:-. Tiirkti $111 ff. Man. (if we have com-
some beautiful woman' 2319, 18; (after kork) mitted various sins . . . and) neqe egsiitiimiiz
hence one says korkliig al-catnil 'beautiful' kergetirniz e r s e r 'if we have been deficient
I 353, 20; 0.0. I 461, I (hasan); 111 43, 19 or stinted(?)' Chrras. 202-3; 332-3 (it is pos-
(!a/q 'an open' (face)); n.m.e.: K B yiizi sible that this should be read kerget(t)irnlz):
korkIi1g e r d l 'his face was beautiful' 464; Xak. xr (\shoever accumulates wealth) beglik
0.0. 675, 1079 (of a day), 2468 (kuba:): xr~r(?) a g a r kergeyu:r fa-hirrcn anr&i bi'l-imam ntin
At. k o r m e k k e karkliig t a s i '(the world's) gayrilii 'he is more worthy of the chieftainship
exterior is heautiful to see' 217; 0.0. 317-18; than the others' Kag. 1362, 24; n.m.e.
Tef. kilrkliig/kiirklii 'beautiful' I 86 :xrv Mtrh.
al-catnil g8:rgliig M~1.46,9; Rif. 140; 01- D korke:cj-(9-) Intrans. Den. V. fr. k o r k ; 'to
mali!~ (opposite to 'ugly' g o r k s i : ~ )goriikliig be beautiful'. h7.0.a.b.;not to be confused with
54,4; 153; al-hasan g(irglii8 151; Rbg. klirk- ktirgit-. Xak. XI k!:z k6rketti: 'the girl had
lug s a r a y l a r 'the heautiful palaces' R I1 1261: a pretty face and complexion' (hmuna aachu'l-
Gag. xv ff. k6rklllg hiisndrir 'heautiful' Vel. -cdriya w a lawnuha); originally k6rke:dti: but
366 (quotn.); g6rkliig (rpelt) camil wa s+ib-i assimilated (fa-iidfima) Kaj. II 340 (kiirke-
htun San. 3 0 5 ~ . 11 (same quotn.): X w a r . t k r , korketrne:k; here mis-spelt krirkiit-,
xrrl k6rkliirek 'the most beautiful' 'Ali 19; but an error for kiirke:du:r, k6rke:drne:k):
klirklil do. 35: xlrr(?) yaxgl k8rukliig b i r F a g . xvff. gorke- (-di, 'with g- -k-')/
klz 'a very beautiful girl' Of. 5 & 1 ; 0.0. gorket-(-ip)/gorkey-(-ip)giizel 01- ve giizel
do. 60, 77: xrv korkliig/k6rklii/k6rkli Qutb eyle- 'to be, or make, beautiful' 17el. 366
102; karkliig MN 51, etc.; Nahc. 439, ro: (quotn.); ktirkey- (spelt) camil wa ~ 3 i b - ban
i
Kom. xrv 'beautiful' kgrklii CCZ; k8rkli pudan 'to be beautiful' Son. 305r z (quoms.,
CCG; Gr.: Klp. xrv kbrklii: dii hum Id. 80: pointing out that Vel.'s spelling g6rket- is an
xv koriikli (sic) a h a Tuh. ~ g b .I 3 ; /lason error): X w a r . xrv kcirket- (spelt kb:rke:f-)
do. 7 9 a 8; 84b. 12: O s m . xrv to XVI gorklii meaning rather obscure; Zaj. translates to
'beautiful'; common - T T S 1 5 2 6 ; I1 455; I11 make beautiful', but it might belong to
311;Iv357. ' . k8rgit- Qutb 103.
F kiirkiirn 'saffron'. supposedly a corruption D kargit- (-g-) 'to show'; Caus. f. of kbr-,
of Sanskrit htikuma, but found also in Pe. and but there does not seem to be any other
Ar., and perhapa the Iranian form of that word. example of a Caus. Suff. -git-. T h e sporadic
744 D I S . V.
spellin~s- g u t - in S a L . proh, represent a Sec. SM' Osm, ger'krnec; 'I'kni. g e r r k dcl
f. N.o.a.h., see kiirtgiir-. Uya. vrrr ff.Man. (for tegiil). 'l'iirku V I I I (the Chinese envoy
T7' 111 gh (koprug), 58 (1 a:g-; both sprlt hroupht trrasrrres, gold and silver) kergeksiz
kri'rhit-, ? in error): Uud. h u darnrnt kiirgit- 'withnrlt stint' I iV 12; 8.0. II ,'i 11: Ilyg.
deql 'rli<playing this dh(irnni' C l II 38, 69; vrll ff. .\Ian.-.\ M I r), r z ( i s i : ~ ) :Ihlrl. k n m a g
kiirum kiirgitmek 'to demonstrate (the kiglnlg e m g e n i p kolunmakl kergeksiz
mcaninp of) omcns' IIiirn-1s. 7; 0.0. Sric. 'all men's sufferings and prayers arc rlnncvcs-
136, 5 (1 erig); I'Jnlrl. 23, 25; USp. 59, 1 1 ; sary' ffiirrr-tr. 231-2; 3.0. 7'T C'I 229 (nliig):
one MS. of K ~ t n t ~ consistently
. reads korgit- Civ. kerge:kslz 'xvithol~tstint'(?) T?' VIIl
\\-here the others read kortgiir-: Xak. X I 01 I,.IR: Xak. S I KI1 368 (kbrtii:), 1445 ( t ~ : d - ) ,
m a p : ne:g kiirgiitti: 'he shoxved nie (artin;) 3767: slli(?) At. 118 (kiim-), 368 (kkrtii:).
the thing' f i p . 11 340 (kiirgiitii:~,kiirgiit-
1nr:k): K I j kiirgit o l a r ~ u gyiizin 'show thcir I ) kiirukliig (g-) l'.N,/;l, fr. ( 2 ) *knriik
faccs' 32; 0.0. 48, 659, 661-3, 716, 3540, 3567 1)ev. N. (r. kiir-; n.0.a.h.; tn hr disti~igi~ishrd
(the RIS. spellings vary 1,etn~ccnkorgut- and fr. kiirkliig. 'Tiirkii v~rrff. (nmnng questinns
kiirgit-): SIII(?) Tpf. korgiit- (once kBr- about parts of the tent. 'what is the rvindow
get- ?) 'tn show' 18j. likc?') kiiriik1ii:g ol ' ~ can
t Ilc seen through'
IrkD 1 8 ; ( I am a falcon) k6ruklii:g kaya:ka:
D k6rkle:- (g-) Hap. leg.?; Den. V. fr. kork. konu:pan kiiz1eyi):rmen 'I sit on a rock
Uyg. V I I I ff. Civ. y a g ~ zy6r yiizi yagardl with a \vide view (or 'conspicuous'?) and look
knrkledi 'the surface of the hronn earth around' (lo. 64: X w a r . S I V (bring to coni-
bccanic green and beautiful' 1'1' I 4. plction) hu koriikliig i ~ k e'this conspi-
cuous(?) task' (which ynu have begun); but
S korgiir- See kortgur-. korugli in such phr. as k o r u g l i kiiz 'a sharp
S kiirguz- See kortgur-. eyc' is niore likcly to hc a 1)cv. N./A. in -gIi:
than a Sec. f. of this word Qrrtb 102.
T r i s . GRG I) kiirklugiuk (g-) Hap. leg.?; A.N. fr.
kere:ku: 'thr lattice-work \vonden frame', kKrkliiC. Xak. X I T I ( ?KRPP
) korkliig-
which supports the fclt covering ofea yurt. liikindin 'bccause nf its hcalltv' 17.
SII~I-ivesas kerege in NE Alt., 'Trl. R II 1290: I) korksuzliik (g-) !lap. ICE.?; A.N. fr.
NC Klr., Kzx. : NIV Kk. Sce L)orr/er I11 1629. kiirksiiz. Xak. xr R I I bu k n y m tiigiiki
'I'urku \.llr ff. kere:ku: iql: ne:teg 'how is the hu kiirksuzliikiitn 'this frcnvn of n1i11e and
inside of thc tent framc\vork?' IrfzB 18: Uyg. niy ugly Icrnks' 8 I 6.
vllr IT. Rlnn. (a man who sweeps out, cleans,
arranges, and puts in ordcr) evig hnrkrg
kcrekiig 'a d~velling,the furniture, and thc T r i s . V . GRG-
tent frame\\-ork' Il'irrd. B+: Xak. sr kere:kii: I ) kergekle:- (g-) I)cn. V. fl-. kergek;
'a tent' (sibti') aniong thc Tiirkmen; it is the n.o.a.l,.? Uyg. ~ I I ff. I Hud. kergeklemig
winter residence of the town drvellers (ahlrc'l- ton1 a91 'the clothing and fnod which he
-ntnrior) A-aq. I 447 (prnv., see kiik); similar needed' 11 I 26, 9: Xak. X I ol anl: kerek-
prov. 1 4 0 4 (keten). 1e:di: t~fnqqadaltrinaa !olobahrc 'he missed (i.e.
felt the nrrd for) him and lookcd for him' Kag.
11 kergeklfg (g-) P.N./A. fr. k e r g e k ; 'neces- 111 341 (kerk1e:r ( s i c ? ) , kerek1e:me:k): K B
sary'. S.i.ni.ni.l.p. usually as kereklig or the kigig k i m okrsn kereklep tllep 'one who
like; NIT Kutnyk; SW Osm., 'l'km. gerekli. summons a man, missing him and longing for
Uyg. \.Ill ff. Bud. ertigii kergeklig iitiig him' y61.
iitundug 'you hat-c tendered very necessary
advice' U 128, 3 ; kergeklig n o m 'a necessary 1) kiiruk1e:- I>en. \I. fr. kiiruk; s.i.s.n~.l.,
doctr~ne' TT 171 240: Xak. X I bu: ne:g including Sii' Osni. Xak. sr 01 o:tug kiiriik-
01 bizke: kereklig 'this thin^ is necessary 1c:tli: 'he blew on(ttofa.vo) the fire with hellorvs'
(mimnm ?n)thagi) to us' &J. I 509: K B (hi'l-n1irf5.r) KO$.I I I 341 (kGrukle:r, koriik-
kerekligni siizler kiqi kizlcmcz 'when :I 1c:me:k); n.o. (/{I.348. 2 I .
man says what is necess:lrv he does not hidc I) kere:kii:len- IIap. leg.; Itcfl. I k n . \'. fr.
it' 977; 0.0. 315 (kiidezlig), 328 (kkrtii:), kere:ku:; quoted only as a gratnmaticnl
1060, 1445 (t1:d-), 44m (1 hu:t): xlrr(?) At. cxan~ple.Xak. xr and likc the phr. e r kere:-
biliglig kereklig sozug sozleyiir 'the wise kiilendi: 'the Inan put up a tcnt (itta.vn& . . .
man says what is necessary' 117: Gag. xv ff. silrd') for himself and entered it' Kag. III
kereklig bzyistdni 'necessary' Son. 3 1 3 ~ .3: 205, 20; n.m.e.
Xwar. stv kereklig 'necessary' Qutb 94:
Kom. xiv 'necessary' kerekli C C G ; Gr.: I) kirigse:- (g-) 1)rsid. I>tri. V. fr. *kirig
KIP. sv mtrirtdc 'necessary' kerekli Ttrh. 3zh. N.Ac. fr. k i r - ; n.0.a.h. Uye. V I I I ff. Bud.
I 2 : O s m . X I V ff. gerekli/gerekIii 'necessary'; taluyka kirigseyurmen 'I wish to go to sea'
c.i.a.p. TTS 1 3 0 4 ; I1 429; I V 334. PP 21, 6-7: Xak. X I ol evke: kirigse:di: 'he
\\,ishcd to enter (yn~l.~~rl)his dwelling' (etc.)
D kergeksiz I'riv. N./A. fr. kergek; nor- &p. I11 334 (kirigse:r, kirlgse:me:k).
mally 'unnecessary', but in some contexts
'that ought not to he, improper'. S.i.s.m.l. but D korugse:- Desid. Den. V. fr. kSrlig;
in some languages replaced by other phr., e.g. n.o.a.h. Uyg. V I I I ff. Man.-A kiiriigseyiirbiz
 t T R I S . GRM 74 5

'we long to see' (your lovely face) A t I lo, 10: 'to thunder'. Some languages use kuriilde-/
Bud. koriigaep 'wishing to see' (the place gtirlllde- in the same sense. The word seems
where their son had died) Suv. 625, 4: Xak. originally to have meant simply 'to make a loud
X I o l meni: k6riigse:di: 'he wished to meet noise', and may he a Den. V. fr. 1 kiir in the
me' (yalqnni) Koj. 111 334 (kariigse:r, sense of 'to shout like a warrior in battle'.
koriigse:me:k); 0.0. I 281, g4; I11 28s Xak. sr ko:k kiirlendi: axadati'l-ramci' calab
(korse:-): Kom. xrv koriivse- to wish to 'it thundered' KO$.11 252 (no Aor. or Infin.).
see' C C G ; Gr. 155 (quotn.).
T r i s . GRL
Dis. GRL
I)F kiirillk Hap. leg.; A.N. (Conc. N.) fr.
I1 kirlig I'.N./A. fr. ki:r, 'dirty, soiled'. kiiri: 'a peck measure'. Uyg. v r r ~ff. Bud.
S.i.s.m.1. in NI.:. NC, SW; othcrs tend to use U 1177, 26 etc. (kiiri:).
kl:r itself in this sense. Uyg. V I I I ff. Man.
klrlig aylg k ~ l l n q'dirty sins' 7'1'I11 136:
Bud. T T VIII E.48 (arlt-); Strv. 135, 13 T r i s . V. GRL-
(arta:k). E kiiri1e:- in Atalay's Index to Knj. is an
error for k6rple:-.
V U D kiirlig P.N./A. fr. 2 kiir, 'deceitful,
tricky'; used only in the Hend. tevlig kurlig.
T u r k u vrrr I E 6, 11 E 6 : Uyg. vIlr ff. Bud. Dis. GRM
U I11 85, 16 etc.: Civ. TT I 63-4, 182 (see F k e r e m Hap. leg. (Xak.) SI al-sarab 'an
tevlig). underground water channel' in 'the language
Dis. V. GRL- of Upper and Lower China' (China proper
and Chinese Turkistan) Kag. 1398; no doubt
D keril- (g-) Pass. f. of k e r - ; 'to be stretched', foreign, perhaps Tokhanan.
etc. S.i.m.m.l.g.; N W Kumyk; S W Osnl.
geril-; Tkm. g6ril-. UyR. V I I I ff. Civ. H 11 D k e r i m (g-) Hap. leg. ? ; N.S.A. fr. k e r - ; lit.
8, 39 etc. (iiriil-): Xak. X I e r kerildi: the 'a single act of spreading out'. Cf. yadtm.
man and stretched himself' (ro?d'aba Xak. X I k e r i m a/-qirdm (glosscd mrrnnqqo$
(MS. tatizwabn) rrn imtaddiz); similarly one in a second hand) 'an embroidered curtain';
says u r u k kerildi: 'the cord (and other things hence one says ta:m kerimi: sitnil-ciddr
like skin and hidr) was strctchcd out' (imtadda) 'a wall covering' Kaf. 1398.
Kay. II 136 (1Jeriliir, keri1me:k); (of bro-
cade) kerildi: was spread out' (busifa) I I 19, D k o r u m (g-) N.S.A. fr. k o r - ; lit. 'a single
q ; a.o. 1 5 2 3 , r 1 : xlv Muh.(?) (in a list of ill- act of seeing'; in the early period apparently
hcsses, after 'fcvcr') 01-ra'da 'ague, shivering 'examining the omens', or simply 'omen'.
lits' k6rllme:k Rif. 163 (only): K o m . xrv Survives in NIi Sag. kortim R 111258; Khak.
keril- 'to stretch oneself; to be crucified' k o r i m 'a view (c.g. a sea view); an opinion':
C C G ; Gr. 139 (quotn.): KIP. xv al-taninl?rrf NW Kar. L., T. k d r u m 'a vision' (in the
'to str-etch oneself' k6rjlmek Kav. 61, 15. night) R I1 1258: S W g 6 r i i m Osm. 'a look,
sight'; Tkm. 'appearance; experience, educa-
D kiril- (g-) Hap. leg.?; Pass. f. of k i r - ; tion'. Uyg. vrrr ff. Bud. kijriim kiirii y a r -
used only impersonally. Xak. xr evke: kirildi: l ~ k a z u n'let him deign to examine the omens'
'the house (etc.) was entered' (drtxila it*) Ka?. Hiirn-ts. 32; a.0. do. 7 (kiirgit-); t e r s k a r i i m
I1 136 (kirlliir, klrilme:k). 'false omens' U 1176, 8-9 etc. (ters) ; T T I V
1) kiiriil- (9-) Pass. f. of k o r - ; 'to be seen', 8,74 etc. (tbtrii): Civ. knriim k o r s e r 'if one
ctc. S.i.ni.m.l.; S W Osm., 'I'km. goriil-. examines the omens' T T VII 39, I .
Uy& vrlr If. drr!o 'secn, looked after' korolop
T T V I I I D.20: Xak. xr koriildi: ne:o T r i s . GRM
'the thing was secn' (nuzira ilfi) Kaf. I1 136 D koriimci: (9-) N.Ac.. fr. k o r u m ; 'south-
(kiirtiliir, k6rfllme:k). sayer'. Pec. to Uyg. IJyR. vrrr ff. SIud. b u
VUD kiir1e:- Hap. leg.?; Den. V. fr. 2 kiir; n i g r a n t i [gap] koriimqi 01 'this Nirgrantha
'to be deceitful, tricky'. Tiirku vrlr fT. &Man. is a [ ? t ~ t h f u l ]soothsayer' Hiien-tr. 18-19;
Clrrtas. I I I (tevle:-). koriirnci y u l t u z q ~'soothsayers and astrolo-
gers' T T V I 133; 0.0. do. 264 (bktkeqi); 331
U kirlen- Refl. Den. V. fr. ki:r; 'to be dirty' (toruqi:).
and the like. S.i.s.m.1. Xak. X I to:n kirlendi:
'the garment(etc.) was dirty'(orsoiled, darana); D koriimliig P.N./A. fr. k o r i i m ; n.0.a.h.
and one says ko:z kirlendi: 'the eye was I n the second quotn. below it means simply
bleary' (gomadat) K a g II 252 (kirlenii:r, 'belonging to omens'; in the first the meaning
kir1enme:k). seems to be 'obedient, subject', or the like.
Uyg. V I I I ff. Bud. (I hare ventured to treat,
ll kiirlen- (g-) Refl. f. of kiirle:-, which sur- and free from their grievous afflictions all)
vives in NE kUrle- Koib. 'to splutter'; Tob. sizige korumliig b o d u n u g u z n ~karaxjlzn~
'to babble' R II 1460 (Khnk. kiirlen- 'to (in your realm and country) Suv. 603, 2, prob.
shout at, abuse'): SW Osm., Tkm. giirle- 'your people and common people subject to
'to chstter; (of lions, etc.) to roar'; (with gok) you'; a.o. Hiien-ts. 1911-11 (cab).
 T R I S . V. CRhI
T r l s . V. GRM- -
Plienin" kiiriincliiki k a w e r k i 'which do vou
suppose is ~ i n ~rahmadatta's
i state chariot l'
D kirimsiI,- (g.) H ~ leg,; ~ ~, ~ f simulative
l ,
Den. V. fr. *kirirn N.S.A. fr. k l r - ; quoted U 1 l 221 3-4; and Ona:.
only as a grammatical example. Xak. XI 01 E kerlnqsiz SeC tiizgerlnqsiz.
evke: klrimsindi: 'he pretended to enter the
house' I1 260, 29. T r l s . V. GRN-
Dis. G R N 11 kiiriinq1e:- (g-) Den. V. fr. kBrli11q; 'to
display, tnake a show (if (sonrrthing)'; cf.
J'LJ kiirin Ilap. leg.; pmh. a I.-\\.. Xak. xr kiiriinqliik. N.o.a.h. IJyg. vlrr IT. 13ud. (the
kiirin 'a haskct' (nl-(orirn) in which water- princely s~litors)nz iiz kiiriinqlegUliik [gap]
mrloris, cr~cl~mhrrs, ctc. arc transported KO!. 'in orrlcr to displny thrrnselvcs' 11 11 22, 25:
I 404. Civ. o l u r u p kiiriinrlegil inqge yiiguriik
1) koriinq (g-) Dev. N. fr. kiiriin- ; n.o.a.b. a t l a r l g 'sit down and display the slim swift
Etymologically it should mean 'appearance' or horses' T T I 124--5.
the like, but in Xak. seems to have a more I) kiiriindiir- (9-) Cnus. f. of kiiriin-; 'to
active meaning. Uyg. vlrr ff. Bud. (when I, the cause to appear'. Survives in Nlr: ?'el. R II
monk PrajiiRdeva, had composed a poem 1256. Xak. sr K/3(po and summon him tome)
about the rli\.ine Buddha's) ritived koriinq t a p u g k a kRriindiir 'make him appear for
ktlu y a r l ~ k a m l g ~'dei~ning
n to bring about scrvice (to me)' 573.
the appearance (or revelation?) of the Rpeda'
Zfiien-ts. 1831-2: Xak. XI kiiriinq aI-q~wmu'l- &Ion. V. GRS-
-nozzdra tlz gay' 'a crowd of spectators at some-
thing' K q . I11 373 (MS. hcziinr, but the entry VI! kiirs- Hap, leg.; listed as a Mon. V.
follows the cross-heading -R- and precedes ending in two consonants. 'I'hc reference to
-2-); a.o. I 167 (a:v-). sa:- is incomprehensible unless it is intended
to he to the Dcsid. V. Strff. -sa:-/-se:-, with
Dis. V. GRN- the implication that the word is der. fr. 1 kiir.
'I'his is of course impossible; the ~nis-spelling
I ) kirin- (g-) Kefl. f. of k i r - ;n.o.8.b. Xak. X I of the Infin. [nay be consequential from it.
e r suvdn: (sic) klrindl: 'the mail ~vaded(.~ddn) Xnk. xr yigit k a : ~ n : (?error for ka:nka:)
in the \rater and washed himself in it'; and one kiirsdi: 'the young man was full (inttala'n) of
says e r evke: kirindi: 'the man pretended to hlood and fat', so that he radiated gaiety (oh&
enter (ynd.vtt1) the house' Kog. 11 156 (kiri- nliil imdsil~i'l-irrrtcriit).l'he origin is that a vesscl
nii:r, kirinme:k); suvka: (sic) kirin 'wash is filled with something, then after a short time
!ourself' 11 160, 9. (the contcnts) expand [intafnxn) until they
D koriin- (g-) Refl. f. of k o r - ; 'to be visible, exceed the limit of fullness ( z d a 'on [taddi'l-
to appear, to let oneself be seen'. S.i.a.m.1.g.: -inifilz'); for example dough, when it is mixed
N\V Kumyk, S\V Osrn., 'Tkm. goriin-. Cf. with a lot of yeast and put in a dish and almost
koziin-. Xak. XI 01 begke: kiiriindi: 'he fills it, and is then left for a short time, expands
met (Inqiyn) the hrg and saw him' (ra'dhtr); till it overflows the rim of the dish (kiirse:r,
and one says ta:g koriindf: 'the mountain kursme:k-MS. kiirse:nmr:k). l'he origin is
(etc.) appeared and became visible' (bad? c~.n their remark of (or to?) a gay, cheerful (al-
whom); also used for anything which appears -bn{irrr'/-qir) man sa:d~:; we have explained
in the dark from a distance Kag. I1 157 (h~~ynnird) the nleaninp of it KO?.I11 420
(kiiriinii:r, k6riinme:k); four 0.0.: KB (I (kurse:r, kiirsme:k-h4S. hiirse:me:h, re-
\rill tell the kina) k a y u kiin korungii 'on peated).
what date he will appear' 510: srrr(?) At. Dis. G R S
kiiriinmez bod1 'his shape is not visible' 418; 1) kirsiz Priv. N./A. fr. k i r ; 'stainless, un-
Tqf. korin-lkoriin- 'to appear' 185-6: xlv defiled'. N.o.a.b. U y g . V I I I ff. Bud. S ~ n s k r i t
Alrth. =ahnm g6:riin- A f e l . 28, 13 (Rif. 112 oir~jnsolmr~ocnne 'in the doctrine of stainless
belgiir-): Gag. xv ff. koriin- (spelt) mor'i ron virtue' kirsiznig nomogta: TT V111 A.20;
nninriddr jsdon 'to be seen, appear' Son. 'jo4v. k i r s i z (spelt kkirsiz) a r l g k o k kaltk 'the
I I (quotns.): Xwar. slv kiiriin- 'to be visible, undefiled pure sky' t! I1 37, 5 3 ; 0.0. do. 37,
to appear' Qttth 103: AfN 20, etc.: K o m . xrv 60-3 (tapqaslz); TT V 8, 52.
ditto CCI, CCG; Gr. 155 (quotns.): KIP. X I V
koriin- tnhayyana 'toappear' fd. 80; Bul. 37v. ; Dis. V . GRS-
Idiln rva bdna rca rowti ditto koriin- do. 79v.
D korse:- (8-) Desid. f. of k o r - ; n.0.a.b. Cf.
(and see kaziin-). k6riigse:-. Xak. XI men anl: kiirse:dim
Tris. GRN
'I wished to meet him' (liqfi'ahu); originally
k i i d g s e : d i m ; this is the rule in the case of
1) kiiriinqliik (g-) A.N. (Colic. N.) fr. the lateral letters ((lnrrifu'l-dalldqa) that for
koriinq. Hap. l e ~ . the ; passage is discussed the Desid. f. you add -pse:- to the root of the
in T T I, p. 23, note 124 and the conclusion V. Kag. I11 285 (kiirse:r, k6rse:me:k): Ktp.
reached that the word means 'an instrument xrv kSrse- iolnbn gnhwnm'I-n'm5' 'to seek the
for making appearances', that is 'a state chariot' pleaslire of'sexunl intercourse' Id. 81 (it is
or the like. Uyg. vrrr ff. Bud. B r [ a h m a ] d a t ~ possible that this is a mis-spelling of kurs-).
 Din. GRS glance; sight, eyesight; appearance; someone
1) kerig (g-) Dev. N. (connoting mutual one often sees'; S W Osm. giiriig. Xak. X I
action) fr. k e r - ; lit. 'pulling one another'. kariig al-munrirara bi'l-ilhdr Id hi'[-aljdr
Survives, meaning 'quarrel' as kerig in N E 'a meeting face to face, but not a conversation'
Tel. R 11 1096;NC Kr.,and k e r i s in NC Kaj. 1370: Xwar. X I I I k ~ r i l g'look. glance'
Kzx.; NW Kk: Uyjj. vrrr ff. Bud. U I1 58, 'AIi 18, 56.
5 (i) (tiitug): CIV. T T 1 4 8 , etc. (tiitiig): Xak. V U kiirge:k Hap. leg.; proh. a I.-w. Xak. X I
X I kerig kdhilu'l-faras 'the withers of a horse' kiirge:k the name of a foodstuff (fa'dm) made
(prov.) : kerig ol-muqdwamo fi'l-mucddala as follows: millet flour (luhdbu'l-drrxn) is boiled
'resistance in a quarrel': (k6rllg and kirig in water or milk, then butter (al-samn) is put
follow here): kerig al-mucGdala; one says on it and it is eaten Kay. I478
ne:IUk kerigtig 'why did you quarrel?' Kog.
1 370 (the last entry, misplaced and with an kirgc:n 'white lead' used as a cosmetic; syn.
irrelevant quotn., looks like a later addition to us.opo:; scrrvives only(?) in NW Kaz. kirgen.
the text): K B (few pco le love a man who does Xak. X I kirpe:n al-isfidcc 'white lead' Kag.
!or love many) k e r i p ~ t e l i m r e kereji a r 01 1 4 3 7 ; a.o. 11353 (yalrat-): xrv Muh. (under
a man who has many quarrels has little happi- 'perfumery') isfidGc kirge:n Mel. 63, 15; Ri/.
ness' 2250: Oguz xr keriq m's krrll cabal 162: Gag. xv ff. kkirgen 'liquid white' (safid
yuf'ad 'alayhi 'the summit of any mountain cib) which wotnen smear on their faces San.
that is climbed' Kny. 1370: Kom. xrv 'quarrel' 3 1 3 ~ .7: Klp. xrrr (under 'women's adorn-
kerig C C G ; Gr.: KIP. xrv kerig al-rzbiya ments') al-isfi&c which they put on their faces
'a hill' fd. 81. before the rouge kerge:n (sic) Horr. 18, 5 : xv
isfiddc klrgen (lopa) Tuh. qb. 13.
kirig Preliminary note. There is a clenr
phonetic and semantic difference brtwe~nthe two Dis. V. GRS-
ruords of this form; 1 kirig 'entry' is girig in
S W Osm., Tknr.; 2 kirig 'bozustrirrg' is kiriq D kerig- (g-) Recip. f. of k e r - ; usually 'to
pull one another; to quarrel'. S.i.a.m.1.g.
in those Innguages. except SE; SW 'Tkm. gCrig- 'to help to
C) 1 kirig (g-) Dev. N. fr. k i r - ; 'entry, way spread out' (e.g. a carpet). Uyg. vrrr ff. Bud.
In; rncomin~s, rcvcnuc'. Contrast p k l g U I11 81, 1 (tutug-Itiitiig-): Xak. X I 01
'cspenditure'. S.i.m.m.l.g. Xak. X I kirig al- m a g s : ylp keripdi: 'he helped me to stretch
-dux1 'entry'; and it is 'what comes in (daxala) (fi madd) the cord' (etc.); also used for com-
from a ninn's property' (or trade, day'a) Kag. peting (kerigii:r, kerigrne:k); and one says
f 370: K B kirigke korli s e n q ~ k t gkll negin 01 anrg birle: kerigdi: nr2za'ahu f i lay' 'he
regulate your expenditure by looking at your contended with him about something'; and
revenue' 1325; (it is the account hooks that one says 01 anrg birle: keriqdi: ~dcarahuwa
regulate all the affairs of the realm) bitigin n a ' a h u 'he quarrelled and contended with
t u t a r 61 kirigin tetik 'the shrewd man con- him' Kaf. 11 98 ( k e r i g k r , kerigme:k); 0.0.
trols the revenue of the realm by the books' I 370 (kerig); 11 115, 5: KIP. xrv kerig-
2707; a.o. 5913 (q~klg): XIV Mrch. al-dux1 'dnadahtc fa-ta'dnadahrr 'to thwart (someone);
ki:rl:g Rif. 151 (only): Gag. xv ff. girig to contend stubbornly with one another'
(spelt; 'with 8-') madxal 'entrance, way in' fd. 81.
(quotn.); drtxril 'the act of entering' (quotn.) D kirig- (9-) Co-op. f. of k i r - ; s.i.m.m.l.g.
Sun. 313v. lo. with meanings like 'to penetrate; to inter-
2 kirig 'bowstring'; with some extended mean- vene; to meddle, interfere; to undertake, set
ings like'cord; the joist (of a roof)'. S.i.a.m.1.g.; about (a task)' which have very little Co-op.
Cuv. xirlii Ash. XVI 133. Uyg. vrrr ff. Man. connotation; S\V Osm. @rig-; Tkm. gi:rlg-.
ya kiriglerin 'their bowstrings' TT I,Y 79: Xak. X I 01 m e n i ~birle 1:gka: kirigdi: 'he
Civ. kirlgke b i r bakrr bkrtim 'I gave one competed with me in going into the matter'
copper coin for a bowstring' USp. 50, 3: Xak. (fi'l-dnxril fi'l-amr, etc.) Kaf. I1 99 (kiri!U:r,
X I kirlg wataru'l-qaws 'bowstring' Kay. I 370; kirigme:k): Gag. xv ff. girig- (-dl, with
three 0.0.: xrv Muh. 01-watar kirig Mel. 71, g-', etc.) bir hirirregirif-, herhem ol- 'to be mixed
6; Rif. 173 ( M S . kiri:rti:): Gag. xv ff. kirig together'; but it is usually used with a pre-
(spelt) 'a piece of gut (rtida) which the? dry ceding V., e.g. k ~ l agirig- eylemeye ba~la-'to
and spin like a cord'; and, metaph., bow- begin to do', meaning ihtidd 'to begin' Vel:
string' (~illa-ikamdni) San. 3 1 3 ~ .9 (quotn.): 357 (in a second entry w. quotn. it is given the
X w a r . xrv kirig 'bowstring' Qutb 98: KIP. second meaning and spelt 'with k-'); kirig-
xrr~al-ruatar kirig Hou. 13, 16: xrv kirig dciril rudon 'to enter'; and, metaph., in com-
al-watar; and kirlg is also a member of a bination w. a V. @Cz kardan 'to begin' Son.
person's team (hiab) in a competition for shoot- 313r. 9 (quotns.): KIP. XIV kirig- dciuala 'to
ing, racing, polo, or the like; one says bu enter upon' id. 81.
klrlglm d u r 'this is my partner' (rqfigi) id. 81
(in the second sense this looks more like a D kureg- Co-op. f. of kiiri:- (sic, q.v.); 'to
metaph. use of 1 kirig). shovel together'. I n this sense, noted only in
Kaj., it must, like kiiri:-, always have had an
D kSriig ( 9 - ) Dev. N. fr. k6r-. S.i.m.m.1.g. initial k-. But in the sense of 'to wrestle', in
with .a rather wide nnge of meanings, 'loolt, which it s.i.a.m.l.g., there are NW and S W
 748 D I S . 1'. (;R$-
fnrtns with initial g - , NiV Kk. giires-: SW yii1l:gii: 1\11 modern lang~lagcsseen1 to use
Osm. giireg-; 'I'km. goreg-. In this sense, I.-w.s for 'razor'. O g u z xr (aftcr yiill:gu:,
thrrefore, it seems to be the Kecip. f. of q.v.) the O i u z do not know this word and call
(2) *kiire:- (g-). Xak. xr 01 m a g a : ka:r 'razor' (01-rrrtisn) kere:y Koy. III 174; n.m.e.:
kiiregdl: 'he helped me to shr,vcl(JicnrJ) the x ~ vAlrilr.(?) a/-rrrrisri gere:y (g- m;lrkcd) Rif.
stio~v'(etc.); also usrd f ~ 'to r compete' Koy. 160 (only): X w a r . xlv k e r e y 'razor' Nnhc.
/199(kiiregii:r, kiire9me:k); o.o., kr:z birle: 383, 1-7: 'Tkm. xv frrrirA k e r e y (KIP. yiilii-
kiiregme: 'do not \srcstle with a v i r ~ i n '(16 wiiq) Trth. 34% 12.
trifdri'i'l-odrfi; she will he stronger than you
and will heat vou) I 474, 6 ; q e r i g t u t u p M o n . (;S
k i i r e ~ t i :lrnyyicn krill rcti!ri(/ rrrinlrrt~nd!rarb kes prc, tl, I,r,mophon,,tlq w, kes-, q , v ,
ccn trrq<itcz/(? 'the!. 1~0thstirred ~ r pivar and
I<,ueht one
(:C. k e s e k . Xak. sr k e s 'a 13ircr' (nl-qif'n) of
97, I : h-n(if you afl!thine; one says bi:r k e s etme:k 'a piece
against fllrtune) kadgun kiireg to) of hread': k e s nl-nrthln, that is 'a sniall stone
("1-nrnd(zm) with which one cleans onesclf'(i.e.
;
girijfnn 'to Snn,30J\,. Xwar. after passirl~water) K*J. 1 3 2 9 .
xrv kiireg- ditto Qtith 108: KIP. xrrr ilira'n kis H ~ leg,; ~ see, kisi:, x a k . kls
kiirea- Hot[. 41, 13: xv ditto fd. 80; Bul. (n/-zowca); hence one says an19 kisi: (MS.
S S V . : xv ditto Ttih. 22b. 12.
hissi:) 'his wife'; and some of them use it
I) kijriiS- ( 9 - ) ~ ~ one, mob'!-idf7fn (i.c. kisi:); one says 01 klsi:
~ f, of ~kiir-;i 'to see
another; to meet', and the like, ~ , i . ~ , ~ . l ,(?RIS. ~ , ; hirsi:) aldr: 'he married (xa!nhn) a wife'
N W Kumyk: S W Osrn., Tkm. giiriig-. Kaf. 329.
Tiirkii vrrl ff. k o p e s e n tiike:l kiirii:gmig M o n . V. G S -
'thcy all met one another (again) safe and
sound' I ~ Is: ~ BUyg. vrlr ff. Bud. k a c a n k e s - 'tocc~t,cut off', and the like. S.i.a.m.l.g.;
R u m a r t &lig x n n b i r l e kfiriigsersiz 'rvhen NW I<uniyk alone has ges-. 'l'he resrmh~ance
meet Kins ~ ~1{iipn-ts.~ 78-51; a,o.
i to 'l'okharian
~ ~n kris- ''to cut' is a coincidence?
r p 76, (4kki:le:-): Civ. kiinli a y l l kGriigdi Cf. kes. T i i r k u vllr ff. I r k 0 X ( k l l ~ g ) :Uyg.
'the and moon mets (or looked at one V I I I ff. Dud. klllq iize k e s e r m e n 'I cut with
another) T T 1 9 3 ; m i 9 b e n g a r r a k barrnrg a suclrd' U 11 61, 17; 0.0. do. 76, r (tel-);
klqiler b i r l e kfiriiggeysiz will meet Iliir~r-tr.316: Civ. edgii k i ~ i l e ry0llIl k e s e
people ,,.ho have enortnous distancesp k a t 1 2 l a n u r 'thcy strive to cot the good men's
1711 30, 7-8: Xak. 01 men19 bjrle: kfiriiv- road' T T I 28; in TT VII 36 ahout omcns to
rli: rr~7nmlr;.hiy[-'rI11'rI ul,e lnet mc fnce to face'; IIC drawn frcnn tnicc 'biting' various things
also used of any things ,,.lien they see thc word norrii:rlly used is r s f r - , h l ~ in
t lines 2
another(tnr8'd) Kng. 1199(koriigii:r, koriig- and 12 k e s - ; in USp. 22, a 1 0 1 1 ~petition, the
me:k): K B kijriigmez y a g l l a r 'enemies that phr. k a l a n k e s - 'to collect (or deduct?) a par-
do not see one another' [45: xrv ~ ~ h . 0 ticular ) kind of tax' constantly occurs; a.o. H I
"1-nlq4' 'to meet9 kiiriigmek Rif. 121 (only, 1 2 2 (691:): X a k . xr 01 y l g a : ~kesdi: 'he cut
%IS.kb'fmrk, unvocalizcd): Gag. s v ff. koriig- (qn!n'n) the piece of wood' (rtc.) KO$. 11 11
(spelt) 'to see (didarr) one another; to meet' (kese:r, kesme:k; pror.); four 0.0.: K O
(mlilfl'qct hnrrinn) s o n . 304v. I 6 (quotns.): b a g r m k e s m e s i i r ~ keseyin
i tlllrn 'I will cut
X w a r . s l v ditto AIN 19: KIP. xrv kijriig- off niy tongue, so that they ?nay not cut off
sfifn?rn/rrr 'to shake hands with sotncone'; the Ill?. head' 166; 0.0. I44 ( F O : ~ )3. 6 3 , 810 (htq-),
:$- forms a Re+., and the \vord \vas taken to 4426: KIII(?)dl. nnlg c a w j b t n k e s e 'cutting
mean 'to shake hands with' instead of 'to see short his answer' 290; a.0. 3-74 (orte:-1; Trf.
one another'(nri;nrnlttt; MS. in error rtdqarnhtr) k e s - 'to cut, cut o r ' , Ctc. 174 (cnmnlon): xlv
Id. 81. hlnlr. qofo'a k e s - Mcl. 9, 4-8; 30, 5 ; Rif. 81,
Tris. GR$ 114; a.o.cr.: G a g . xv ff. kkes- (etc.) krs- Vrl.
358; kPs- hrrridnn 'to cut' Snn. 314r. 24
1) k e r ~ e g u fb.
: leg.; Drv. N./k\. fr. *ker$e:-, (~,Io~IIs.): X w a r . X I I I k e s - 'to cut, cut ofl-
Ilcn. IT.fr. kerig, q.v., in the sense of 'a Ali 31: srrr(?) ditto 0 j . 40, etc.: xrv ditto
horse's withers'. Xak. sr kergegii: a t 'a horse ~ ~ sS~; k te s - h MAT 43 : K o m . xlv ditto
which has a sore on its withers' (dnbar hi- C C G ; G ~ .Kip. : xrl, q,l!n'o k e s - H ~35,~ ~ .
-rninsncilri) KO?. 1491. srv ditto Id. 82; qata'n mn zohnrn ('to prune')
k e s - Rtrl. 721.: s v qotn'n kes- Kav. 9, 6; 74.
T r i s . V. GR$- lo:. (and . iiz-l 7itk. 7oa. 10: cabbn 'to cut off'
I ) k i r ~ e n l e n -Refl. Den. V. fr. kirge:n; sur- do. 12a. 12.
vivrs in NW Kaz. kbrgenlen-. X a k . X I
ura:fiut kirsenlendi: sthe anointed *kos- See kosgiik, kosiil-, kosiin, kvsiir-.
(!nlnG her fa-ce with white Icad' (al-isfidzc) kiis- Ito be angry, offended; to sulk', and the
Kaf. 11278 ( k i r ~ e n l e n i i : r ,kirgenlenme:k). like. Survives onlv(?\ in SW Ax.. Osm. kiis-.
ORuz xr o l andin' kiisdi: ' n ~ i i n ' n l a ~ h i run
Dis. GRY n'radn !o'nrrlrri 'he was angry with him and
?F kere:y 'razor'; prob. an Indo-European avoided him' Knj. II 12 (kiise:r, kusme:k):
I.-w., cf. Greek keird 'to shave'. N.0.a.b.; cf. ( K B k u s e r r n e n yigitlikke 3 6 3 tnight mean
 DIS. GSG
'I am angry with youthl(now that I am getting 111 265 (kbse:r, ktiae:me:k): K B ikl 62
old), but, as this V. is Okuz, it is more likely koriigmek tllese k u s e p 'if we two wish to
to mean ' I long for youth' (1.e. to be young see one another' 3698; 0.0.363 (ilkun- ;kus-),
again), see kuse:-): x ~ vMuh. godaba 'to he 838, 6301; Ktisemig P.N. 5 0 2 : xr~r(?)At.
angry' (with someone) k u s - Mcl. 9, 8 ; 29, 9; e r e n xayrl g a r r t kiisep keqmez 01 'a man's
Hi/.81, ( I 12 opkele-); 01-godab k u s m e k I 20 good and bad qualities do not pass away
(only): Gag. xv ff. k u s - qolrr kardan 'to con- because he wishes them to' 373: X w a r . xlv
quer' Son. 306v. 12 (this translation seem$ to k u s e - 'to wish' Qutb 108: K o m . xrv 'a wish'
be no more than a guess at the meaning of the kiisemek C C I ; Gr.: KIP. X I I I ijtdqo mina'l-
V. in a verse by S~rlrdnIfrrsayn Mirzri): KIP. -farcq 'to long for' kii:se:- Hou. 37, 20: xlv
X I I I [rarida 'to be angry (with someone)' kUs- kiise- arddo mumdlilatohu fi fi'li'l-xayr 'to
Notr. 35, 14: X I V ditto fd. 82: xv i2frizn d ~ t t o wish to resemble sclmeone in doing good' fd.
k u s - Kau. y, 6; godaba kus- do. 76, 1 2 ; 82: OSNI.xv kiise- 'to desire (something Dot.)'
!~ariclak u s - 7'1th. I 3b. 5. in one tcxt T T S I1 660.

Dis. GSE Dis. G S R

k i d : 'wife'; cf. k i s ; kisi: is the older and *kesbe: See E qat1:ba:.
prob. the original form. Owing to the am-
biguity of the Runic and Uyg. scripts and the Dis. G S D
nearness of meaning of the two words kigi: ? F k e s t e m Hap. leg.; proh. a 1.-w., cf.
has frequently been transcribed (being much Tokharian B kusiwer 'night'. Cf. ganbu:y.
1 the commoner word) where kisi: was really Xak. XI k e s t e m 'an entertainment with
intended. T h e latter should almost certainly drinks (diydfu . . . /i-grrrb) which a man gives
be written at any rate in the passages below. to visitors at night (layla(n)) other than a
There is strong evidence that later the word formal banquet' (iningayr nm'daba) Kaj. 1485.
actually became kigi:; see that word. N.0.a.b.
T u r k u V I I I Ix. 5 (bulun), 22: VIII ff. (a F k e s t e r Hap. leg.; no doubt a I.-w., Iranian
i gambler) og1anr:n kis1:si:n tutu:g u r u p a n o r Tokharian ? Ur (the lanylage of) XI k e s t e r
'putting up his children and wife as a stake' 01-xazaj 'earthenware' KO$. I 457.
I r k B 29: Uyg. v r ~ ff. t Bud. 01 y e m e SBni
e r n i g R a g a g a y l n ~ atlig kisisi 'that man Dis. V. GSD-
SCna's wife called Hiigagiyini' U III 81, 2-3;
klsi o g u l 'wife and child' SIIV.554. 14; a.0. D kestur- Caus. f. of kes-; s.i.a.m.1.g. Xak.
XI 01 a g a r y r g a : ~kesturdi: 'he gave him the
T T X 499 (teqlia): Civ. oglug kisig 'your
children and w~vcs' 7'T I 154; a word con- task of cutting (hallafahu 'a12 qaf') the piece
sistcntly read klgl is very cummnn in USp., of wood' Kaf. 11 195 (kestiirtir, kestiir-
in most cases this is correct, but in thr f~)llow- me:k): F a g . xv ff. kkestiir- Caus. f.; burZnidan
I ing passages kisi is likelier, Kutlug a t l l g (MS., in error, b~rridZrtidan)'to order to cut'
SO%.314Y 9.
x a t l n kisi 'a lady wife named Kutlug' 16, 4 ;
(if I die before I repay the debt) k i s i m 'my Dis. G S G
wife' (will repay it) 18, 7; a.0. 78, 4 (bitig): D kesek (kese:k) Dev. N. fr. kes-; 'a piece
0. Klr. IX ff. kuyda: kisime: (instead of the (cut off from something)'; s.i.a.m.l.g., usually
I usual kunqu:yima:) 'to ~ n ywife in the for 'a lump; a clod of earth', and even 'mud
women's apartments' Mal. 18, 3: Xak. XI Kag. brick', T o , be distinguished fr. kesuk Pass.
I 3 2 9 (kis); 332 (3tok); n.m.c.: K B Chap. 72 Dev. N./A. cut, cut off ', and the like, not noted
(4475 ff.) gives advice on choosing 'a wife', in the earliest period, but see kesiiksuz; for
evllg in the title and 4475, kiSi in 4479 ff. convenience early occurrences of this word are
also noted below. See Doerfer I11 1634. Cf.
Dls. V. G S E - kes. Xak. xr kesek a/-qit'a 'a piece' of some-
kuse:- 'to wish, desire, long for', and the like. thing; one says b i r kesek vtme:k 'a piece of
Survives in N C Klr. kaso- : S C Uzb. kusa-: bread' KO$. I 391 ; (as an example of suffixed
N W Kk., Nog. kuse-; the usual transcription -k) the word for al-qitb mina'l-gay' kese:k
kJse- is clearly erroneous. Cf. tile:-. Uyg. ne:g taken fr. kesdi: qata'a I 14, 15: XIII(?)
V I I I ff. Man.-A kuseyurbiz 'we long for' M Tef. k e s e k 'a piece' 175-abtar 'bob-tailed'
1 1 0 , 10: Rlan. k u s e s e r l e r T T III 151; a.0. k u y r u k l k e s u k 176: XIV hl~rlr.(?)al-madar
q6 (uqun): Bud. Sanskrit prdrthayZno 'clod' kese:k Rif. 178 (oflly)--bilC zualad
I
w ~ s h ~ n gkuse:yii
' TP' V I I I A . I ; paihaivec- 'childless' kesu:k (either eunuch', or an
chet 'as he wishes' ne:teg o k kuse:se:r do. abbreviation of k u y r u k l kesuk (Tef,) which
E.45; k u t k o l u r m e n kiisug kuseyiirmen had this metaph. meaning) 143 (only): Fag.
'I request and long for divine favour' U 1 3 1 , xv ff. khsek ('with k - -kl) k i r p i ~'mud brick'
4-5; bolgali kiiseser 'if they wish to become' Vel. 358; kkesek krr1ri.r 'clod, mud brick' Son.
7'T VII 40, 52; 0.0. Hiien-is. 3oy-10, 1972 314v 23 (quotn.)-kbuk brrrida 'cut, cut off'
(anlt-), etc.: Civ. u n o g u l kiiseser 'if 314V. 29 (quotn.): Xwar. xrv kesek 'a clod'
he wishes for a son' T T I 10; VII 26, Qurb 95: K o m . X I V 'a piece (of bread)' k e s e
3 ;30, I 3 : X a k , X I 01 ant: k(lrme:kin kuse:di: C C G ; Gr. (perhaps belongs to kes): fip. XIJ!
'he wished (tamannn) to meet him'; also 01-qifa mina'l-lahm 'a piece of meat' kesek e t
1
us.ed for anything that you wish for Kay. Horr. I 5, I 6-XIV kesiik al-xddimu'l-muhard
 7.50 DIS. GSG
'a castrated servant, eunuch' Id. 82: O s m . a Pass., meaning '(of the legs) to be strctched
x ~ vff. kesek ( I ) X I V and xv 'a piece'; (2) out'. NC I<zx. k6861-/k8~Ul- R I1 1294-5;
'a clod'; e.i.a.p. T T S 1 4 4 8 ; !I 618; 111 438; klisll-, M M 227, is an Intrans. meaning 'to
I V 501-xvrl kesik p a r a clipped money' stretch oneself out' (hence, R , 'to die'). Cf.
II 618. klisUr-. Xak. XI e r a d a k kbslildi: 'the man
stretched out (basata) his legs' Kog. 11 137
kiiskii: 'rat; mouse'. Survives in NE Kac., (kosiiliir, k6siilme:k; prov., yogurkanda:
Koib., Kuer., Sag. kiiske; 'fib., 'I'iiliis kUskli a r t u k a d a k k6siilse: iig1yU:r 'if the legs are
H 11 1501; Khak., Tuv. kiiske; R translates stretched (muddat) beyond the blanket, they
it 'rat', but in the last two languages ~t means get cold'): Xwar. xlv kllimiigge k a r e kBsUl
'niouse' and 'rat' is ulug kiiske. See Doerfer a y a k n ~ 'stretch your legs as far as your
111 1636. Cf. syga:n. Uyk. V I I I ff. Civ. blanket allows' Qufb 103: K o m . xlv a y a k
kiiskii is the first natne in the 12-year animal kBsUIgi1 CCG; Gr.: O s m . xrv and xv
cycle in USp. and T T V I I , but srcgan is k6siil- 'to stretch oneself, be stretched out';
used in one or two texts in T T V I I and VIII in several texts T T S 1 492; I1 661; III 483
and almost all later authorities. (a Caus. f. kosiilt- 'to stretch out' is also
noted).
D kesgiik Hap. leg.; Ilev. N. (N.I.); lit.
'a cutting object'; as a dog-collar, prob. one D kes1e:- Hap. leg.; Den. V. fr. kes. Xak.
fitted with spikes. Xak. XI kesgiik al-sdcir XIol l t ~ kes1e:di:
g loqa'a'l-kalb hi-madara 'he
'an iron dog-collar' Kaf. 11 289. pelted the dog with clods of earth' Kay. 111
300 (kesle:r, kes1e:me:k).
VU(D) kosgiik prima facie a Dev. N. in
-giik; not connected semantically w. kiis- or D keslin- Refl. f. of kesil- and syn. w. it.
kiise:- but perhaps w. *kos- ; al-xaycil means N.0.a.b. Xak. xi kesllndi: ne:D 'the thing
both 'mirage' and 'scarecrow'. Cf. oyuk. Xak. was cut' (inqa!a'a) Kay. 11 253 (keslinikr,
XI kosgiik 'a scarecrow' (a/-xaydI) which is set keslinme:k); a.0. I 352, 13: XIII(?) Tef.
up in vegetable gardens and vineyards to guard kesilin- 'to be cut off' 176.
against the evil eye; also in the prov. (you can
catch a lion by a trick) kii:qii:n kosgiik t u t - D keslig- Hap. leg.; Hecip. f. of kesil- with
ma:s 'but you cannot catch a mirage (al- a specialized connotation. Xak. XI kesligdi:
-.vayri() by force' K ~ J 1
.1 289. ne:g inqnla'a drdbu'l-fay' rua'nfo~alanczdh1111
'the thing was cut into pieces and the parts
T r i s . GSG of it were separated' Kay. II 224 (kesllgii:r,
kesligme:k).
Ll kiise:gqt: Hap. leg.; N.Ag. fr. *kiise:g
N.1A.S. fr. kiise:-. Xak. xi e m i g l i g ura:gut T r i s . GSL
kiise:gqi: bo1u:r 'a nursing mother comes to ?Fkeslinril: 'lizard'; cf. keler. Although this
long for food (tnirytahiya li'l-!a'dm) and they word is morphologically a Dev. N. in -$U: fr.
give her \vliat suits her' Kag. I 153, 14; n.m.e. keslin-, it is fairly certain that this is illusory
D kesuksiiz PRV. N./A. fr. kesiik (see and that the word is an attempt to give a
kesek); 'uninterrupted' and the like. N.0.a.b. 'Turkish form to some foreign word. Apart fr.
Xak. xi KB 31 (u1a:m): X w a r . xlv kesiksiz the medieval words listed below, the following
ulagu 'uninterrupted and continuous' Qutb 95. modern words for 'lizard' seem to be other
fornis of such a foreign word: NE Alt., Leb.,
$or kelesken; Koib., Sag. kblesken; Tel.
Dis. V. GSL- keleski R II I I 14; Khak. kileski/kIlesken;
D kesil- Pass. f. of kes-; 'to be cut, cut off, ruv. xeleske: SE Tiirki keslenylk/keslen-
severed', and the like. S.i.a.m.1.g. Uyg. VIII ff. qiik: NC Kir. keskeldirik; Kzx. kesertkl:
Bud. (all the nerves of the elephant's tusks S C Uzb. kaltakesek: NW Kk. kesirtkel
were) iiziiliip kesilip 'tom apart and severed keskeldek; Kumyk gesertkl; Nog. kesert-
U 111 60, 5; same Hend. Strv. 61, 10 and 17- kl. Xak. xr keslinqil: al-wazaga 'a large
18: Xak. XI kesildi: ne:o 'the thing was cut' lizard; gecko' IGy. 111 242: Xwar. X I V keslen
(inqn!aea) Kay. 11 136 (kesilUr, kesilme:k); ditto Qtrtb 95: Ktp. xrlr al-?rirdamn rua'l-
a.0. I 3 3 9 (t~:n),523: K R kesildi sbziim 'my -sihliya 'lizard' (Hend,?) kelte: Horc. I I , 18:
speech has heen cut off' (i.e. is ended) 33 ; o;o. X I V keseltki: al-sihliya wa'l-tuazat fd. 82;
227, 404, etc.; SIII(?) Tef. kesil-Ikesiil- to Brrl. I I , 4: xv si!rliya keseltiiki Tuh. 19b. I
be cut off'etc. 175: XIV 1-h. inqafa'a kesi:l- (there seems to be a good deal of confusion
MPI. 23, 9; Ri/. 104: Gag. xv ff. kesil- (spelt) about the Ar. terminology of these animals
brtrida gudan 'to he cut' Son. 3 1 4 ~7. (quotn.): and different dicts. translate the same word
X w a r . x ~ vkesil- 'to be cut (off)' Qutb 95: by different words including 'chameleon,
KIP. XIV inqata'a kesil- Btrl. 33v.: xv ditto salamander, Stellion').
Kav. 77, 5; Tuh. 60a. 3: Osrn. xv ff. kesil-
'to be cut off, separated', etc.; c.i.a.p. T T S I Dis. G S h l
449; I1 618; I11 438; I V 502.
D kesme: Pass. Dev. N./A. fr. kes- ; originally
(D) kosiil- Pass. f. of *kbs-; although the 'cut, cut up, cut off'; with various extended
word is treated as a Trans. V. in Xak., Xwar., meanings. Survives in SW Osrn. as a normal
and Kom., it seems likely that it was originally N.Ac., also 'shears; 'Turkish delight; a broad
 TRIS. G S R
arrow-head'. See Iloerjer 111 1637. Uyk. cut off (iqlata'a) a piece of meat (etc.) for him-
vrrr ff. Bud. k e s m e a $ 'a dish of cut up (meat)' self' K a f . I1 157 (kesinif:r, k e s i n m e k ) :
U XI1 65, i (ii): Xak. XI kesme: al-mi$qay Krp. xv inqap'a 'to be cut' (uziin-1) k e e h -
mina'l-nitdl 'a broad iron arrow-head'; kes- Tuh. 6b. 6.
m e : 01-ndyiya 'forelock' K a f . I 4 3 4 (verse); 0.0. Tris. CSN
I 11, 24; 233 (otruq-): KB (the firmament)
ko@ l d t ~k e s m e 'let down its forelock1 (over D ktisengig Dev. N./A. fr. kiisen-; 'de-
its face) 5824: Gag. xv ff. k e s m e (I) 'a horse sirable', and the Ilke. N.0.a.b. Uyg. VIII ff.
of which either the sire or the dam is well- Man. kiisengig megiler [gap] 'desirable
bre!'; (2) 'a small round loaf' (ndn-i g u i i ~ a ) ; joys' T T III 123; (His Majesty, our lovely)
(3) a lock of hair which they cut, curl, and let kiisengig a d m g t g 'desirable, exceptional'
fall on the cheek' (verse); . . . ( 5 ) 'a kind of (brilliant king) M I11 35, 22: Bud. kiinenqig
large broad saddle-cloth (digdtgi) which ~ d u kTugrttakr ordusroa 'to his desirable
reaches from a horse's back to the ground' holy palace in the Tugita (heaven)' USp. 43, 8;
San. 3oov. 18; k6sme (I) as z above; (2) ktisengig is a component in a royal tltle in
as 3 above (verse); also spelt k e s m e 314v. Pfahl. 6, 2.
26: O s m . xv ff. k e s m e 'a broad arrow-head', VUD kasiinsiiz Hap. leg.; Priv. N./A. fr.
with other meanings later; in several texts kosiin; in the Hend. kugsuz kiisiinsiiz
T T S 1 4 5 0 ; I1 615; 111438; I V 502: xvnr
kesme ... (4) in Rtimi 'a kind of large arrow-
-head' (paykdn) San. 30ov. 21.
'powerless'. UyB. V I I I ff. Man. M 111 37,
r 6-17 (i) (bgsiiz).
Dis. GSR
T r i s . GSM D k6sre: 'behind; after, afterwards; in the
D kesmelig P.N./A. fr. kesme:; survives in west'; der. fr. f k 6 with the Lac. Suff. -re:,
SW Osm. with various meanings derived fr. cf. k6rii: which has the Directive Suff. -rii:;
those of kesme:. Uyg. vrlr ff. Bud. kesmelig the -9-, however, is inexplicable. Obviously
e t 'meat for cutting up' U 11165, ro (i). a very old word; discussed by Bang in Vom
K5ktiirkischen zum Osmanischen, AKPAW,
T r i s . V. GSM- Berlin, 1907, I, p. 7, note 3 which mentions
D kesmelen- Hap. leg.?; Refl. Den. V. fr. the only known survival NE Abakan kdzre
kesme:. Xak. X I kl:z kesmeiendi: 'the girl 'behind' (a mountai:). Tiirkii vrrr yagaru:
provided herself with a forelock and s ~ d e kontukda: k6sre: after they have settled
curls' K a f . 111 203 (kesrnetenii:r, kesme- hearby' I S 5, I1 N 4; k6sre: 'in the west' (the
1enme:k). Tardug begs . , . in the east (ogre:) the T6iis
begs) 11S 13; 01 x a n yok boltukda: kbsre:
Dls. G S N 'after that xan died' Ongin 1 ; 0.0. do. 2; I E
VU k8sifn used only in the Hend. kuq 5, etc. (anta:): vrrr ff. Man. a n t a d a kBsre
kBsUn and so presumably more or less syn. 'thereafter' Chuas. 172: Uyg. vrrr anta:
w. ku:q, 'strength, ~ o w e r ' ,or the like. Not kbsre: 'thereafter' $u. N 10-12.
connected semantically w. kiis- or kiise:-, P U ? F kiisri: Hap. leg. ; it might be expected
but possibly an Intrans. Dev. ,N. fr. * k b - that a normal anatomical term would be com-
with some such meaning as stretching or moner, perhaps a I.-w. The ordinary word for
exerting oneself'. Pec. to Uyg., where it is 'rib' is eye:gii:. Xak. xr kiisri: carviini!~u'[-
fairly c6mmon. Uyg. vrrr ff. Bud. b u d a r a - -fa& 'the sides of the chest' (i.e. the ribs?)
n ~ n r gkiiqi kosiinl iize 'by the power (Hend,)
of this dhdrapi' U I1 36, 39-40; (who gave you) Kay. 1422.
b u b a l ~ k k akirgiiliik ktiq k6siin 'authority D k6sriik Pass. Dev. N./A. fr. k a s u r - ; Hap.
(Hend.) to enter this city?' U I V 8, ,z8; leg., but there is a Kom. xrv V. k6sUr(ikle-
Gagtan1 Blignig kiiqln kosiinin 'the tn~ght 'to hobble' (a horse) CCG; Gr.; perhaps con-
of King Ca~tana'do. to, 5 1 ; 0.0. TT VII 40, nected etymologically w. the syn. words SW
14-15; X 127, 202,247; Hiien-1s. 317; 2071-2. Osm. kostek; l'km. ktissek, but a Dev. Suff.
-tek is not well attested. X:k. X I k6ariik
D kiisenq Dev. N. fr. kiisen- Refl. f. of tu9a:g jikd yodayill-faras a hobble for
kilse:- not noted before xrv; 'desire, wish; (fastening) two of a horse's legs' Kay. 1479.
something desired'. Survives in NW Kar. L.
R I1 1500. Uyg. vrlr ff. Man. (my lovely, Dis. V. GSR-
good Godl my famous onel) kiisiinqirn (?so
read) 'my heart's desire' M I1 8, 17: Chr. iic D kasiir- Hap. leg., but cf, kosriik; syn. w.
t6rliig kifsiinq (?so read) 'three kinds of ki$e:- ;prima facie Caus. f. of *kBs-. Xak. X I
desirable things' (gold, myrrh, and frankin- 01 atig kBsurdi: 'he hobbled (agkala) two of
cense) U 1 6 , 14: K o m . xrv 'desire, longing' the horse's legs' K a f . X I 78 (kosiiriir, kiisiir-
kiisenq CCG; Gr. me:k).
I '
T r i s . GSR
' Dis. V. GSN-
VUD kasurgii: 'a leather bag'; occurs four
D kesin- Refl. f. of kes-; survives at any rate .times in Kay.; in the main entry spelt kenirgii:;
i n SW Osm. kesin- 'to cut out (clothes) for elsewhere the first syllable is unvocalized, and
oneself'. Xak. XI 01 o:z$e: e t kesindi: 'he in 1 358 it is mis-spelt k.sirlii:; but it can be
 TRIS. GSR
explained etymologically as a Den. V. fr. auspicious day' M 111 34, 13-14: Bud. n o m
kosiir- in the sense of sornething nf which the kiisiigliig t ~ n l l g l a r'mortals who desire the
neck is tied with a string. Xak. X I kijsiirgii: (true) doctrine' T T V, p. 33, note I3 90, 4; in
a[-cirdh 'a leather hac' K q . 1 490; 0.0. 1 358 some contexts it is the P.N./A. of kiisiig aq
(sanaq); 11148 ( y ~ p a r l ~ g ) . a translation of Sanskrit kcmo 'desire', e.g.
kiishgliig ogliig tegri ykrl kdnmriipadmra-
V U kiisiirge:/kiisiirge:n 'a n~ole';both Hap. loka 'the heavenly land nf dcsire and forni'
leg.; an old atiimal nainc ending in -ge:/-gen. U 111 46, 6-7; kiisiigliig Bgliig y6rtinqll
'I'here is no widely distributed wnrd for 'mole' kdnrarripadhCttr T T X 14I.
i l l Turkish, see Sltch~rbnk,p. 151 ; the phonetic
rc-cniblnnce of S\V Az., Osni. kostebek is 1) k i i s i i ~ s i i z Ilsp. Ir.g.?: I'riv. N./A. fr.
pri11'. fortuitous. Cf. k6zSiiZ. Xak. x l kiisiig. UyR. V I I I fT. I ~ I < I . Snnskrit onicchd
kiisiirge: 'a kind of field-mouse' (a/-cirddn- 'without desire' kiisiigsiiz 7'7' V I l l A.35.
MS. 01-rirdcn) Kof. I 4 9 o ; kiisiirge:n 'a kind
of mole' (01-rtrld) 1 522. Mon. GS
kC:g 'a quiver'; the closed -6:- is well estab-
Dis. G S $ lished by the 0. I<rr. and other spellings.
1) kiisiiq 'wish, desire'; Dev. N./A. fr. kiise:-. Survives only(?) in NW Kar. L., '1'. R I1
N.o.a.b. Uyg. V I I I H. Man.-A. A4 I d , 21-2 I 180; I.-w. in l'e.. Doerfer 111 1697. Other
(agtr): Man. T T I,Y I 16 (ka:n-): Bud. kiisiig modern languages use either phr. like 'arrow
is common; Sanskrit icclrd 'wishes' kiisii leri case' or fornis of Mong. sa'ndak/sa'adak.
T T VIIl B.2; (I have written this) d t r e t 0. Ktr. I X H. altu:nllg (sic) k$ig bellrnte:
M a m a k i i s i i ~ i g e 'in accordance with the b a n t l m 'I have bound the golden quiver
wishes of Utret Mama' U 1 1 5 , 2 ; 0.0. do. 31, round my waist' I%[. 3, z ; ditto (with minor
4-5 (kiise:-); PP 14, 5 etc.; Ktran. 223; T7' changes) do. 10, 5 ; altu:n k6g a g r ~ l d ~ m
V 24, 54 (ka:n-); do. 68 ( u m u n ~ ) ;VII 40, (sic?) 'I have parted from lrly golden quiver'
70etc.; VIII F.I I ; X385, etc.: Civ. T T I 115 rlu. 25, 3 : Xak. XI k 6 : ~bi'l-intdla 'with -6-'
(ka:n-); VII 27, 14 etc.: X a k . X I K B kiisii? (i.e. in c(Jr1trast to ki:g which precedes it) al-
is common; sometimes nieaning 'wish, desire', -kinrinn 'quiver'; the Okuz and their KIP.
e.g. (if a nian has wisdon~)b u l u r e r kiisiig 'he kinsnien do not know this word Kay. 111126;
achievcs his desires' 160; 0.0. 44, etc.--but in 8 0.0. : S I V Mrth. a!-ca'ba 'quiver' kC:g Me/.
most cases it seems rather to mean 'desirable, 5, 15; Rif. 76 (quoted as a word in which yri'
precious, rare', and the like, e . 8 (men without represents -6:- in contrast with k i : ~in which
understanding are numerous) ukuglug kiisiig it represents -I:-): Xwar. X I V k6$ 'quiver'
'those with understanding rare' 199; 0.0. 207, Qirfb 97: Kom. s ~ 'quiver' v ke$ C C G ; Gr.:
361, 1030, 1105, 1155(tiizunliik), 1725, 5161. Klp. xv kindna kbg Titlr. 31a. 2.
k i : ~'sable', both the at~imal and its skin;
Dis. V. G S S - s.i.m.m.1.g.; I.-w. in Pe., hut not an Uralian
1) kesig- Co-op, f. of kes-; s.i.a.m.1.g. except or Indo-European 1.-w., see Doerfer 111 1698.
SE(?) usually for 'to help to cut', or as a Recip. Tiirkii vrlr II N 11-12; S I Z ( t e y i ~ ) :
'to intersect', but w. some extended meanings, Xak. X I ki:g af-satnmlir 'sable'; and its tail:
esp. in SW Osm. where it also means 'to con- is called kl:g kugrukr: Kap. 111 126 K B
clude (an agreetnent), to settle (an account), to 3836 (6rle:-), 4425 (iq), 5367 etc. (teyig):
draw (a game)', etc. Uyg. V I I I ff. Civ. kesig- X I V M~ih.al-rantmrir ki:g MPI. 5, 14; Rij. 76
occurs in several comtnercial docts. in such (see kkg), 174(only): Gag. xv ff. kig sammtir;
phr. as yiiz y a s t u k k a kesigtimiz 'we have in Mong. brrl2nn (b~iltt$anin IIaenisch 22) Son.
settled for a price of loo yostttks' USp. 62,5-6 ; 315r 11 (quotn.): X w a r . XIII(?)kig 'sable'
0.0. 107, 5; 108, 6; 109, 5 ; [ t o , 5; 116, 11 0e. 13: XIV ditto Qufb. 99: Kom. xrv ditto
iiiziig-): Xak. s t 01 maoa: y:jia:$ kesl$di: c?:I; Gr.: KIP. XIV ki:g 01-snnrmiir id. 83:
he helped tne to cut (jipa!') the pieces of s v ditto 'lirh. ryn. 11.
wood' (etc.); also used for competing Kaj.
11 tor (kesi$ii:r, kesigme:k): Gag. xvff. Dis. GSE
kbsig- (spelt) Co-op. f.; hd-hnnt Irrrridan ma ki$i: '~nnn, pcrson, hutuan being', without
qit'n qifn kartian 'to cut, or cut in pieces, distinction of sex, often in contrast to animals
together' Son. 314v (quotn.). and supernatural beings. In Runic and
1) kiiseg- Hap. log.; Co-op. f. of kiise:-. Uyg. script indistinguishable fr. kisl:, q.v.
S.i.a.m.1.g. as kigi or the like; NW Kumyk
Xak. X I e r e n k a m u g tava:r kiisegdi: 'the
alone gigi. Tiirkii V I I I klqi: is fairly common,
men all wished (tan~annd)for wealth'; also e.g. eggii: bilge: kiglg eclgii: a l p kI.yi$ 'good
used when they boast to one mother about wise people, good tough people' I S 6, 11N 4 ;
their wealth (tafd.varti hi'l-nrril) Knf. I1 I O I b i r k i ~ i : y a g ~ l s a r 'if one individual mis-
(kiise$ii:r, kiise$me:k).
behaves' do.: V I I I ff. k i ~ i : is common in
IrltB, e.g. ekl: a y l ~ gkigi: ogla:n 'a human
Tris. GS$ child of two months' 2 ; (Iieaven heard it
1) kusiiglii$ P.N./A. fr. kiisiig; n.0.a.b. Uyg. above) a s r a : kl$i: bllti: 'mankind knew of it
V I I I ff. hIan. b u kutlug kiiniig kiisiigliig below' 54: Man. e k l acjakltg kiqike 'to two-
teginiir ertlrniz 'wventured to desire this legged Ilunlan heings' (as opposed to anirllals)
 DIS. V
Dis. V. G$L- (among 'sounds') $ahilr~"::-vi klgnemek MPI.
D kigel- I'ass. f. of ki$e:-; n.0.a.b. Xak. xr 73, 11 (in one Mg. only): Gag. xv ff. kigne-
K B biliglig kigeidi t u r u p yiigriimez 'the (spelt) of a horse, to neigh' (yiha kardjln) Son.
wise nlan has been ho1)bled; he stands still jrgr. 5 (quotn.): Xwar. xrlr ditto Ali 36:
and cannot run' 6614; 0.0. 6615. Kom. XIV 'to neigh' kigine-/kigne- C C G ;
Gr.: Klp. X I I I pahala'l-faras a t kignedi:
T r i s . G$L (MS. kejnedi:) Hotc. 12, 20: xlv d ~ t t oId. 83;
Bul. 551.: xv ditto Tuh. 23a. 3.
D klgilik A.N. fr. kigi:; originally 'humanity,
kindliness', and the like. S.i.a.m.1.g.; the Tris. GSN
ori~inalmeaning survives in one or two lan- L) kIgen11g P.N./A. fr. klgen; n.u.n.1). Xak.
guages like NC IGr.: N W Kk., but elsewhere T I KB kigenlig yaragsrzka b a r m a z iikiig
it usually means 'nlankind' or, with a pre- a man in fetters cannot get into much rnis-
ceding numeral, 'a group of (so many) persons'. chief' 314; a.o.0. 315-16 (kOdeziig).
Xak. xr K B kigilikke h u n m a t m u r u w w a t
kerek 'mankind must have energy and D kigensiz Hap. leg.?; Priv. N./A. fr. kigen;
humanity' (and a man's (kigi) humanity must 'unhobbled' and the like. Xak. xr K B 374
be as great as his energy) 414; (if a man is to (koliin-).
rise to fortune he must have uprightness) Dis. GSR
kiinilik at1 01 kigiiik butiin 'the name of
uprightness is complete humanity'. (Men are F gegur 'carrot'; I.-w. fr. Pe. cazar. Survives
not rare) kigllik ~ I 01 Z 'it is humanity that is in N W Kar. T. gegur R II 1576; I<k. gegir;
rare' 865-6; a.0. 1690 (anut-): XIII(?)At. Kaz. klger: SW Tkm. kegir. Oguz X I Kay.
bu k u n b u ajunda kigilik isiz 'today in this I 431 (2 turma:): xrv Mttlr. al-cazar gegiir
world humanity is (regarded as) a sin' 385: Mel. 78, 3; Rif. 182 (unvocalized).
X w a r . xlv ki$ilik 'humanity, kindliness' Dis. V. G S R -
Qtrtb 99: O s m . xrv ff. kigilik 'humanity' is
noted in one or two xxv to xvr texts; the word VU k6ge:r- 'to be full to overflowing'. Pec.
also occurs in phr. like kigilik kaftan :formal to Kaj. Xak. XI k6:l kiigerdi: 'the lake was
dress' fr. x ~ onwards
v TTS 1473; I1 646; 111 very full (imtala'a . . . ridda(n)) so that it
461; I V 526. almost overflowed' (tafid) Kaj. II 79 (k6ge:-
riir, koge:rme:k; verse); k6:lii:g taka:
Dis. G$N kii$e:rii:r 'and the pond is fill1 to overflowing'
1) kigen Dev. N. (Conc. N.) fr. kige:-; 'a (yamfnli rnin faydihi) I 73, I 1.
horse's hobble; fetters, leg-irons*, and the
like. S.i.a.m.1.g. except SW; cf. buka:gu:, T r i s . G$R
tuga:g, k8sriik. See Doerfer 111 1699. U y B VUD kogerge:k IIap. leg.; the kljf is un-
vrII ff. Civ. TT 11 ' 1 36, 15 (um): Xak. XI vocalized, and there are a fatha above and a
kigen jikdl 'hobble' Kay. II 13 (seg-); n.m.e.: kasra below the fin, but the translation sug-
K B kigen 01 kigike bilig h a m ukug 'know- gests that this is a Dev. N./A. (connoting
ledge and understanding are (like) fetters on habitual action) fr. kBge:r-. Xak. XI kiiger-
a man' 314; (the King said, 'what is this ge:k e r 'a man who feels cramped for space
fastening (berk) of yours?') negii t e g kigen (gata#ayyaq 'alayhi nmkdnvhtr) when he sees
o i sen1 berkleyii 'what kind of fetters are people in his house' Kq.II 290.
they that hold you fast?' 701; 0.0. 702, 1837,
9615 (bur-): Gag. xv ff. kigen (spelt) sincir Mon. GY
chain' Sun. 3151. 13: Kom. x ~ v'horse's S key See ked.
hobble' kirjen CCI; Gr.: Klp. XIII al-jikdl
kige:n lfott. 14, 6: xrv ditto td. 82: xv ~ikr?( Mon. V. GY-
. . . T k m . kigen TII~I.lob. 1 2 (see tuga:g). S key- See ked-.
Dis. V. G$N- S 1 kiiy- See kU:d-.
D kb$in- Hap. leg.; Refl, f. of k6gf:-. Xak. S 2 kUy- See kiiA-.
xr e r kunke: kogindi: (MS. k6jiindi:) 'the man
shaded himself (tarollala) from the sun'; also Dis. GYE
used when a man hides himself (tawljra) from kiiye: (8-) 'a (clothes-)moth'. S.i.a.m.1.g.
somebody Kay. II 157 (kiiginu:r, kegin- with some phonetic changes; NW Kumyk:
me:k). S W Tkm. giiye; Osm, giive. See Doerfer 111
D kigne:- 'to neigh' of a horse and the like; 1692. Xak. XI kiiye: 'the worm (41-stis) which
as opposed to okra:- 'to whinny'. S.i.a.m.1.p eats felt, etc.' Kaj. 111 170: KIP. xrrr al-117s
with initial k-; morphologicaily a Den. V. In kiiye: (MS. in error hiihe:) Ilorr. 11, 20: xv
-e:- fr. kigen but with no obvious semantic d~;d 'worm' (kurt/suluk/ (PU) sowulgan/)
connection. Xak. xr at kl$ne:dl: 'the horse kiiye Tnh. 15h. 3; 'at1 'moth' kiiye 250. 12.
neighed' (yhala); and one says k a t l r klgne:-
di: 'the mule brayed' (mhaca) Ka*. 112 302 Dis. V. GYB-
(kigne:r, k1gne:me:k); a.0. I 236, 3: xrlr(?) ?E kiiyfen- Hap. leg.; this word is spelt quite
Tef. Mgne- 'to neigh' 181: xlv Muh.(?) clearly in the MS. but con hardly be right;
 D I S . V'. G Y M -
f is not a Xak. sound (scc Sltrdirs, p. 167) and, 20 0.0. usually translated 'wild game'; in 111
even if it is taken as a scription of V, the con- 353, y 01-=ihd': K B (this wicked world . . .
sonantal cluster -yv- is otherwise known only does not lovc those that love it but) keyik t e g
in ayva: which is prob. a I.-w. On the other k a g a r 'runs away like a wild thing' 401;
hand, f is known to occur as an error for m, keyik t e g t u r u r k ~ l k l'(my own) character
- y m - is a consonantal cluster which occurs is like a wild thing' 698; a.0. 712 (tezig):
in other words, e.g. eymen-, and kayrnen- xrrr(?) Tef. keyik 'wild animal; wild goat' 178
exists with the same meaning in some medieval (kiyik): X I V hfuh. al-wahgi 'wild animals'
and tnodern languages. Moreover, it can be g6yik Me!. 54, 8; keyi:k Rij. 138; 01-gazdl
explained as a Refl. Ilen. V. of kilyllm which 'gazelle' ( I W U : ~in; margin) geyig 175 (only):
seems to be a genuine word nlthough it is an Gag. xv ff. kkeyik ('with k - -k') dhG 'gazelle'
unvocaliaed IIap. Icg. 'I'his word has thercfore Vel. 368; San. 317r 13 (quotn.): Xwar.
been entered as kuyrnen-. XIII(?)keyik, apparently spelt kik, occurs
several times in OR., e.& k j k a v aviaya t u l U r
Dis. GYD e r d i 'he was constantly hunting wild game'
V U ? F kiiyde: Hap. leg.; proh. a I.-w.; there 16-17: xrv kedik (sic) 'wild game' Qutb 93;
is some semantic connection w. 2 kUy- Nahc. 338, 4: K o m . xrv 'wild' keyik C C I ;
(kUA-) but -de: is not a known Dev. Suff. Gr. 136 (quotn.): Klp. XIII al-wuhzij muf-
Xak. xr kiiyde: 'a furnace' (01-atcn) in which laqa(n) 'mild animals' in general keyik Hou.
I I , 2: X I V al-gazdl keyik (/lrmg) Bul. lo, 7 ;
gold and silver ores are melted and refined
Kaf. I11 I 73. baqaru'i-wa11~1 'wild cattle' gawan keyikl
keyik s ~ g do. ~ r8-9: xv al-iazcil kbyik Kav.
E kiiydlig misreading of kovdtig. 62, 6 ; zua!tf k6yik Tuh. 38b. 3: Osrn. xrv and
xv geyik 'wild four-legged animals' in several
Dis. V. GYD- texts T T S I 307 ; 111 293.
S kiiydUr- See kiifidtir-. S keyiig See kediig.
Dis. GYG S kiiyiik See *kUfiUk.
kbyik (?g-) originally a generic term for any Tris. GYG
'wild four-legged game animal'; hence used D k 6 y i k ~ i :(8-) N.Ag. fr. kbyik 'wild game
as a N. for specific wild animals, deer, wild hunter'; pec. to UyH.? Uyg. vrIr ff. Bud.
goat, etc., and as an Adj. for 'wild, untamed', k u ~ [ q ]keyik[gi] ballk$r 'wildfowlers, w ~ l d
and the like. It is therefore often difficult to game huntcrs, and fishermen' PP I , 7-8 ; 0.0.
determine the exact meaning in some contexts.
S.i.a.m.l.g.; in NW Kumyk giyik: S W Osm. U II 84, 9 ; 111 54, 5 (ii); 57, 3 (ii); 58, 8-9
geyik, but Tkm. keyik. T h e alternation (tokm-); 61, 3; T T IV 8, 56.
between -e- and -1- in the first syllable in Dis. GYL
modern languages confirms original -6-, which
is the spelling in 0 . Klr. Tiirkti vrrr (we settled D keylig (g-) Hap. leg.; presumably a crasis
9 w n ) keyik y6yU (sic) taviygan yeyii: (sic) of k6yiklig. Xak. xr keyllg 'a wild man' (al-
living on wild game and hares' T 8: VIII ff. -nasnds); used metaph. for a man who looks
k6yi:k (sic) occurs seven times in IrkB and suspiciously in every direction as he walks
seems to mean 'wild game'; e.g. in 15 k8yi:k (yamsi mutalafita(n)) like someone stupefied
og11: 'young wild animals'!.parallel with kigk or a wild animal (ka'l-madhliy awi'l-zuafrji); he
op11: 'young human beings , In 31 and 49 b a r s is called keylig kiqi: Kay. I11 175.
k6yi:k 'a leopard and a wild game animal'
went out to look fot food together; and in 63 Dis. V. GYL-
the king's army went hunting and eli:k k4yi:k D kiiye:ie:- (8-) Den. V. fr. kiiye:; survives
'roe deer and (other) w ~ l dgame' were caught with the same meaning in S W Osm. giivele-.
in the ring of beaters: Uyg. vrrr ff. Bud. y11k1 Xak. XI e r kidiz kiiye:le:di: 'the man cleared
a j u n l n d a b a r m ~ gkuvlar keyikler '(persons the worms (naza'a'l-stis) out of the felt (etc.)
who) have been reborn as animals and are when he shook it and drove them out of it'
birds or wild game' U I1 43, 12-14; 8.0. U Kag. III 329 (kiiye:le:r, kUye:le:me:k).
IV. 18 215 (tegrik1e:-): Civ. kilen keyik
mtiyiizi t e g 'like the horn of a wild unicorn' Dis. GYM
.(Chinese ch'i lin-Giles I ,044 7, I 86) T T I 42 ; VU k i i y u m Hap. leg. and unvocalized, but
a.0. H II 14, i z z : 0. K1r. rxff. k6yik Mal.
44, z ( t e z i a : Xak. XI keyik al-waw mmin with a clear semantic connection w. k i l p n e n - .
kull gay' fi'l-a$ basically 'wild' of anything; X a k . XI 01 kilyiim kiiyiim (sic) kU:n k e -
and when this word is used specifically (utliqat) ciirdi: amdz'l-nahdr figaj7a Id qala'a ~ $ 1 wa
it refers to 'antelopes, wild boars, and wild 1E kdna flir@a(n) 'he spent the day indolently
goats' (al-aibli' ~ ' 1 - ' u f r wall-wti~il)and any without actually stopping work or being un-
other animals of this kind which are eaten: employed' Kay. I11 169.
keyik k i ~ i :'a wild man' (al-nasncis): keyik Dis. V. GYM-
sb$Ut 'a wild (al-waki) willow tree'; similarly
the wild variety of any domesticated species D kUymen- Refl. Den. V. fr. kiiyiim; 'to be
(sinf phli) is called keyik Kay. 111 168; over indolent, to e otter'. Mis-spelt in Kaf., see E
756 D I S . V. G Y M
kuyfen-. Survives in S C Uzb. k u y m a n - / only as a simile for the frngrance of girls'
k u y m a l a n - 'to potter, fuss, fcrl bothered'. breath (fibfami'l-carildri) Ktj. I 327.
'I'here is a cognate form in N E 'l'el. k u y m e l -
'to clawdlc, dither' I< 11 1422; S W 'I'km. S 2 k i z See klpiz.
kuylen- has much the same meaning. Xak. 1 k5:z (g-) 'eye'; c.i.a.~>,:r.l.;gijz in N\V
X I e r ~ : $ k a :k u y m e n d i : agfaln'l-mcrrl fi'l-amr I<u~nyk: S\V Osrn., 'l'krn.; xvith extended
rca lam ytrbritnlru 'the nian dawdled over the meanings like 'a sniall aperrctrr', e . g . 'the eye
tnatter and did not settle it properly'; k i i m - (of a needle),',, and used in ninny idiomntic
yendi: a rnrtathcsized nlternntr~epronuncia- expressions. I he meaning 'a spring' (of water)
tlon tior. 1111~6ikiiv11ienii:r.k i i v m e n m e : k : is proh not native 'I'urkisli but due to
h l S . kiivfen--and k!fyen-): (jng.-xv ff. kiiyl an overliteral translation of Ar. 01-'rtj,n, which
m e n - (-di ctc.) to nllrrl rco bah<irra eyle- 'to menns both 'eye' and 'spring'. 'I'herc is
make excuses, dawdle' Vel. 375 (quotns.); obviously a very old etymological connection
k i i y m e n - (spelt) baltdna rco to'nllrrl kardart with k o r - , q.v. ' N r k u V I I I I N 10 (ktir-);
Son. 3 1 0 ~ .26 (quotns.). I N I I (1 k a : ~ ) , etc.: V I I I ti. Man. k i i z i ~ l
k o r u p 'secitig with the eyes' Chtms. 312;
D i s . V. GYN- k o z i i m t e 'in my view' (worthless) T T I1 8,
S k u y u n - See kuA-. 44: U y g . vlrr ff. Man.-A (wealth) k 6 Z i ~ en e o
i l i n m e g e y 'will not catch his eye at all' (i.e.
will not attract him) M I 15, 5 ; kiiz a p a k k a
Dis. V. GYR-
seviik 'the eye is dear to the Icg' do. 23, 5-6;
S k u y u r - See kiiiliir-. Man. ktizi k a r a m 'my black-eyed (beauty)
k1II 0, 19; a.o. T T I I I 152 ( y u m - ) : Uud. k o z
M o n . GZ 'eye' is common, e.g. k o z a g r l g i g i g 'an eye
disease' U 1168, 2 (iii); k o z i n a c l p 'opening
1 k e z (g-)'the notch of an arrow'; sun8ives
only(?) in S W O s ~ n .gez. X a k . XI k e z fliqu'l- hiseyes' U I I I 35,29;a.o. PP 57,s-b(te$ler-):
Civ. k o z 'eye' is common, c.g. I1 1 6 5 ( y a r u k -
-sahni 'the notch of an arrow'; one says o k kezi: SUZ):X a k . xr ko:z, alniost always so spclt, oc-
Kaq. I 326; a.0. III 318, 16: xrv Mirh.(?) curs over seventy times, usually translated nl-
(among 'weapons, etc.') 01-farcsq (?error for -'nytt 'eye', lcss often a/-!arf or 01-basrrr 'sight'
,z/-fiiq) o:k kezi: Rif. 173 (only): (Gag. xv ff.
g e z ('with g-') 'an arrow without feathers'; and the like; there is n.m.e. of this o r 2 ko:z
i n our hlS. of Kaj. prob. owing t o a scribal
and if someone cuts a stick in a garden o r error, but the vowel was almost certainly l o n ~
wood nnd tics a string to it and makes a bow, since there is no comparable confusion in the
and cuts another stick suitable for shooting text at k e z , kiiz, kiz: K B (let your words be)
nnd fastens some kind of feather t o it and
k o z s u z k o r a g u k a k 6 z 'an eye for the blind'
shoots it they call such an arrow g e z ; and also 178; k o r i i r m e n k b z i n 'I see with m y eyes'
any straight branch like an arrow on a tree 926; a.o. 770 (aqlt-): xlrr(?) At. k 6 z i s u k
[,'el. 353 (quotn.); g e z 'an arrow without b a x i l 'the miser with greedy eyes' 255; a.o.0.:
feathers o r head; a kind of arrow with a thick Tpf. k o z 'eye; the bezel of a ring', and in
middle and slender ends' Son. 3oov. 7 (quotn.); idioms 181 : xrv Mrrh. al-'apt go:z (sic) Me/.
Steingnss lists a Pe. word g a l with some of 46, 13; Rif. 140; (under 'dress') 01-fyt: 'the
these meanings; it is no doubt a Pe. I.-w.): bezel (of n ring)' g0:z ka:$ 53, 8 ; 150; nynri'l-
KIP. xrv k e z (MS., in error, kiiz) hayto
-ma' 'a sprlng of water' Su: $ij:Zi: 77, I ; 180:
yoqa'tr'l-ftiq minn'l-rcntor '(the place) where the Qa& x v ff. $02 ('with g-') ( I ) rnqm 'eye'; (2)
notch for the bowstring is' Id. 81 : O s m . xlv ff. qarlrn 'a sore' which breaks out on the body
g e z 'the notch i n an arrow'; in several texts (quotti.); ((3) g u z ) ; (4) faj?tta 'a spring' Son.
T T S I 309; 11432; I V 339. 706r. 29 (quotn.): X w a r . X I I I k o z 'eye' 'Ali
2 kpz IIap. leg.; tilere does not seem to bc ;I: XIII(?)ditto 02. 6, ctc.: xrv ditto, nlso
:In? widely distributed word with this meaning. 'spring' Qrrtb 104; A f N roo, etc.: K o m . X I V
Xnk. xr k e z a/-qurdm 'sediment', that is the 'eye' k 8 z C C I , C C G ; Gr.: KIP. xrrr (under
re~nainsof milk, flour, etc., which stick t o the 'waters') nl 'ajm, 'aynir'l-ntd' (sic) kiiz Iforr.
t)ottotri of n cooking pot and are scraped off it; 6, 19; (under 'parts of the hody') al-'ayn kliz
one says e$iy kezi: (MS., in error, kizi:) K a t . do. 20. 3: xlv k o z 01-'ayti . . . also 01-mri'u'l-
1327. -mnfitt 'spring water' Id. 81 ; 'nyni kiiziim . . .
'aynttk koziin Birl. 16, 10-12: xv 01-'ayn k 6 z
1: 3 kez Hap. leg.; no doubt a 1.-w., but Kav. 60, 11-12; 'ayntr'l-sli' 'evil eye' ~ a k l r
not Chinese; pcrhaps cognate to Pe. kaz/kaj/ k o z ; 'ajjri k o z Bid. 24b. 6 ; a.o.0.: O s m . xrv ff.
krrc 'ratv silk'. Cf. b a r p n . X a k . xr k e z 'the 9 6 2 'eye' noted in several idiomatic expressions
name of a kind of Chinese brocade' (dibdcu'l- l'TSI330ff.;II461 ff.;I11317ff.;IV36zff.
-sin) Kaf. 1 327.
2 k8:z 'burning embers'; survives only(?) i r l i ' l
1 kiz (g-) Hap. leg.; b u t cf. kiz1e:-. X a k . xr SW Az., Osm. k o z ; Tknl. k6:z; there a r e J
kiz 01-'ntida rrcn'l-trrxt a a 'ay6nitc'l-_tiydb 'a traces of a syn. word w. hack ro\vels in some
perfume box; wardrobe; clothes bag' and modern languages, e.g. NE Alt., I,eb., $or,
:tiso any kind of 'cupboard'; hence one says Tel. k o s R I1 621: S E Tiirki k o z Slraro 156
kizde:ki: k i n (MS., in error, kiz) y l p a r 'the (only), but their status is dubious. Xnk. xr
w e n t uf triusl; stored in a cupboard'; this is said kii:z a/-camr 'burning eriibers' I 337, 1 2
 TRIS G Z C. 757
(1 (Ir-); n.m.e. (see I k8:z): xrv Muh. al- Dis. GZE
-cam1 $ 8 : ~Mel. 68, 16; k8:z Rif. 169: Gag. D keze: (8-) Gerund of kez- used as an Adv. ;
xv ff. k6z (with k-) axgdr-i afrrixta 'burninz 'in succession, in due course', and the like.
embers' Son. 306r. 28 (prov.): X w a r . xrv N.0.a.h. Uyg. vrrr ff. Bud. (the sun and
ditto Qrrth 104: Krp. xrv kiiz . . . also bayna'l- moon . . .) t o r t bulugug keze yarutr t ~ n l t g -
-camr roa'l-aj'lcnr; the last word does not exist larrR ieidiir 'illuminate the four quarters (of
in nnrn~alAr. and is proh. a corruption of the world) in succession and nourlsh living
Pe. oxg6r (see Car;..) fd. 81 ; of-camr k6z But. creatures' T T VI 244-5: Civ. iki uq k a t a
4, rz: xv ditto Ttrh. l r h . 3: O s m . xrv ff. m u n l t e e krlsar keze u z a p l u r 'if one acts
ktiz 'I>urninp.ernl,ers'; c.i.a.p.. esp. in AT. and like this two or three times, in due course it is
Pe. dicts. 7'7'.5' 1 492; 11 602; I11 484; I V completely cured' If I 153-4.
549.
Dis. V. GZE-
kiiz (g-) 'autumn'; s.i.a.ni.l.p.; giiz in N W L) 1 k6ze:- (g-) Den; V. fr. 1 k k z ; survives
ICk., Kumyk: S W Osrn., l'km. (gilyz); Cuv. in S W 'I'km. goze- to tie up the mouth of
k 6 r Ash. VII 2 7 r T u r k u v ~ r r ( ?kuzte:
) 'in a sack or the like, to prevent the contents from
the autumn' Hnyto Tamir X 3 ( E T Y 11171): coming out'; this and the Osrn. meaning seem
Uyg. vrir 01 y11 kuzin 'in the autumn of that to derive fr. ko:z in the meaning of 'hole,
year' $rc. E 8: vrrr ff. Civ. k u z is fairly com- aperture', and the like; in Xak. it seems rather
mon in USp. in such phr. as kiiz yagtda 'at to mean 'to pick the eyes out'. Xak. xr 01
the beginning of autumn' I , 4: Xak. xr kiiz uzumnl: k6ze:di: nntafa wa'ltaqa!a habbd-
a/-.unrif 'autumn' Kai. 1 327; a.0. II 172, 4 ta'l-'inab mina'l-'unqiid 'he plucked (Ilend.)
(kelig); 111 160, 19: XIII(?)At. keliir k u z individual grapes from the bunch' Kas. III
kecer yaz 'autumn comes, summer passes' 265 (no Aor. or Infin.; follows 2 k6ze:-):
471; a.o. 472 (tuket-): xlv Muh. al-xarif O s m . xv ff. goze- is used in several Pe. dicts.
gu:z Mcl. 79, 17; kii:z Rif. 184: Gag. xv ff. for 'to mend holes in a garment' and once for
Bllz (with g - ) (3) 'the three months of the 'tosieve(grain)' T T S I I 4 6 3 ; 111318; 1V363:
season of autumn' (xarif) Snn. 306v. 2: X w a r . xvrrr gaze- ('with g-') in Rfimi, mfri kordon
xrv kilz 'autumn' Qrrfb 108: K o m . xrv ditto cama 'to mend (holes in) a garment' Sun.
CCI, C C G ; Gr. 160 (quotns.): KIP- xrv kiiz 306r. 28.
fafltc'l-xnrf fd. 81 ; al-xnr$ kiiz Rrtl. 13, 16:
xv ditto Kazr. 36, r j (MS., in error, biia). D 2 koze:- Ilen. V. fr. 2 k6:z; 'to poke a fire,
stir up the burning embers'; survives with
the same meaning in N E Koib. R II 1300; and
Mon. V. CZ- SW 'l'km. k8:ze- '(of a fire) to burn up'
kez- (a-) 'to travel, walk about, traverse', (Intrans.). Xak. xr 01 o t k8ze:di: haraia'l-ndr
usually with the connotation of walking about bi'l-mihrdt 'he poked the fire with a poker'
to view the scenery or the like rather than Kaj. I11 265 (koze:r, k8ze:me:k).
travelling to a specific destination. T h e V. is
Trans. and places traversed are in the Ace. D kuze:- (8-) Hap. leg.; Den. V. fr. kuz.
S.i.a.m.l.g., gez- in NW Kk., Kumyk: S W X a k . XI 01 yay1a:gda: kiize:di: 'he spent the
Osm., T k n ~ . Uyg. vrrr (VU) Glg11tlr kolte: autumn (aqdma'l-xarif) in the summer pasture'
a k s u v (?so read) kezu: siigiigdim 'I walked (etc.) Kaj. I11 26 j (kuze:r, kuze:me:k).
along the Ak Suv (river) from the (VU) Dis. GZC
ClC~ltlrlake and fought a battle' $I. E 6:
vrrr ff. Man. T T III 60-1 (1 6:l): Bud. 01 F kuzeq 'a jug' or other vessel; it appears fr.
kutlug o r u n l a r l g kezser tegzinser 'if one T T I,197-9 (see st:-) that it could be a vessel
travels through those holy places and circulates standrnp. on legs. ~hquestionahlva 1.-n~.fr.
(round them)' Ifiit-n-fs. 93-4; U I11 fo, 5 (i) some Iranian language, cf. Sogdian kuzt'yh
( I a:r-): Xak. X I 01 y6:rig kezdi: he tra- (krizntik?) 'a jug' and PC. kriza (also a I.-w.
versed (nnqqaba) the place and walked about In Ar.), but it is not clear whether it is an
in it'(f,?fn fihd) KG?.I1 l o (keze:r, kezme:k): actual Iranian word or a Turkish Dim. f. in
K D a j u n u g k e z e r m e n m a g a yok o r u n -q fr. such a foreign word. Cf. kiiveq. Uyg.
'I traverse the world and have no (fixed) place VIII ff. Bud. T T V I I I C.ro (batrgItk): Civ.
of my own' 747; a.0. 79: xirr(?) Tef. kez- 'to T T I 189 (idig); 1 9 4 7 (SK-): Xak. XI kuzeq
traverse' 169: xrv Muh.(?)sdha wa fafarrada a l - k i i (MS., in error, al-lawza) eca'l-basttiqa
( ? ) 'to travel by oneself, alone(?)' kez- (MS. 'a jug, an earthenware water vessel'; this word
her-) Rif. I 10 (only): Gag. xv ff. k6z- (-dik, agrees with the Ar. except that the (final) hd'
'with k-') gez- we sayr eyle- 'to travel' Vel. 358 is changed to cim Kaj. I 360: Argu: XI kii-
(quotn.); k6z- Eajtan cua sayr kardan 'to de$ (with &I) also nl-kriza; there is a similar
ramble, travel' San. 313v 12 (quotns.); k6z- interchange between ddi and zdy in Ar.. e.a.
~ a r d i d a n'to ramble' is pronounced with -6- dabara and zabnra 'to write' and md' dtc'dq
(not -I-) do. 2 5 ~ 26:. X w a r . xrir kez- 'to walk and srr'dq 'brackish water' Kai. 1360.
about o r through' 'Ali 47: xrv ditto Qutb Tris. GZC
97: K o m . xrv ditto C C G ; Gr.: Klp. xrrr ddra
mina'l-dawr~n 'to traverse' kez- HOU. 40, 6: D F kiizeqllg Hap. leg.; P.N./A. fr. kuzeq.
xrv kez- [iifa Id. 82; al-daruriin kezmek Bul. Xak. xr (after kiizeqlik) and the owner (of an
j, 13 ;xv ddm minn'l-duwrdn kez- Kav. 77, r 6. earthenware water vessel) with -g K a j I 506.
 TRIS. GZG
rent fever' (occurrin~everv. everv other. everv warn threads are oarted': also used bv the
third or fo&h day)"u ZZ 68, I-j(i); kezig ij! weaver (n&ic) of brocade, etc. Kay. I 39;.
kegen 'recurrent diseases (Hend.)' T T V 8,
83-tiiziinler k e z i g i ~ e kirii ttikeser 'if D kiizkl: (8-) N.1A.S. fr. kiiz; 'autumnal'.
one succeeds in entering the ranks of the good S.i.a.m.1.g.; N W Kk. giizgi; Kumyk giizgii:
men' T T V 2 2 , 34-Sanskrit kdlakramena 'in S W Tkm. giizkii. Uyg. vrlr ff. Civ. kiizki
the course of time' 816ml6g kezig birle: tic a y l a r d a 'in the three autumn months'
a:zu Uze: 'with, or upon, the turn of death' T T VIZ 38, 5 4 ; a.0. T T I 134 (@a$): Xak.
T T VZII D.28; 0.0. do. B . I I , etc. (8yln); X I K B iiqi kiizki yulduz 'three of (the signs
TT 1' 20, 6 (2 kur); 24, 57 (tizlg); 26, 107-8 of the zodiac) are autumn atan' 142.
(@la:-): Civ. [gap] kezigi 'the succession'
(of the nine thresholds) T T VZZ 12. 2: (let all Dls. V. GZG-
;he workers of the ddmain go) i i z i g d e 'in D kuziik- (9-) Intrans. Den. V. fr. kiiz; 'to
turn' USp. 25, 6 ; onunF kezlgke t u t z u n 'let turn to autumn, become autumnal'. Survives
him take it for the tenth round' 65, 7-8; a.0. in NEAlt., Tel. R I1 1509; cf. kiizger-. Xak.
80, 5: Xak. XI kezlg al-hummd 'fever', which xr yl:l kiiztikti: 'the year turned to autumn'
takes a man with shivering fits (hi-ra'da); ($&a xarif) Kay. 11 118 (kuziike:r, kiizilk-
s a n g kezig 'jaundice' (01-yamqdn); kezfg me:k).
at-nawba fi'l-'arnal, 'a turn', in relation to
work; hence one says senig kezi:gl:g (sic) D kezger- (g-) Trans. Den. V. fr. kez;
keldi: 'your turn has come'; kezig al-crrr'a pec. to Xak. Xak. XI e r o k kezgerdi: 'the
'daring'; one says bu: 1:gta: saga: kezlg man cut a notch (fawwaqa) in an arrow' Kaj.
kere:k 'you need daring in this business' wa II 196 (kezgerur, kezgerme:k); a.0. ZZI
ma'ndhu'l-awwal its meanine is (the same as) 106.. 14.
.
the previous one (the sign%caice of this i6
obscure) Kay. I 391: K B (a high position has D kazger- (g-) Hap, leg.; Trans. Den. V. fr.
come to you) k e z i g ~ e'in your turn' 236; 1 k8:z. Xak. XI 01 a t a m n t : maga: kBz-
similar phr. 1476, 4760; d a w l a t kezigi 'your gerdi: 'he brought about an interview (al-
turn for good fortune' 4761 ; (fortune is elusive -muerij.ana) between me and my father', that
. . . if it runs away) tegmez yana t e r k kezig is a meeting (02-rnukeqst)Kay. 11 196 (kaz-
geriir, ki3zgerme:k).
'your turn does not quickly come again' 713;
similar phr. 2382, 3628: tag. xvff. kezek D kiizger- (g-) Den. V. fr. kiiz. Both forms
('with k - -k') 'a rodent ulcer' (dkila marad) below are Hap. leg.; cf. kiiziik-. Xak. xr
(quotn.); and they also use it for a game played ijdlek kiizgerdi: tawaccaha'l-zamdn an yapir
with a wooden drinking cup ( ? ; minqav) xarij 'the season turned in the direction of
Vel. 352 (gezek ('with 9-') 'a sweetmeat' is autumn' Kaj. 11 196 (kuzgeriir, kiizger-
the Pe. word gazak); gezek (spelt) says wa me:k): B:d kiizerdi: same translation, but
gar& 'travel, wandering about'; and metaph. al-waqt 'time' for al-zamdn 11 77 (kuzeriir,
(I) pas wa hirasaz 'the (night) watch' (quotn.) ; kiizerrne:k).
(2) pdsbdn wa hiiris 'sentry, guard' (quotn.);
(3) ktuhat 'turn' San. 3 ~ 4 r . - ~ 8Kom. : XIV D kfizkig- (g-) Hap. leg.; Recip. f. of kiiziik-,
pestilence' keziv C C G ; Gr.: O s m . xrv ff. Den. V. fr. 1 kB:z, which s.i.m.m.1.g.; g6ziik-
kezik 'turn' in one xrv text TTS 1 453; in SW Osm., Tkm. Uyg. vrrr ff. Bud. (he is
gezek (sic?) 'turn' in one xvr text IZZ 293 ready to go to King SilLditya and) sawatn
(kegig in thc same sense in 1 453; I V 503 b a x g ~ l a rbirle kijzkiggeli 'have an inter-
IS d reborrowing fr. Mong., where, by -2- > view with the HinayLna teachers' Hiien-ts.
-s-; -si- > -pi-, thc word became kepg; there 255-6.
was some confusion between this word and
kesek, see Hnrnisch 99, and it is not easy to Trls. GZG
identify in hlong. but the P.N./A. krfiktii D koze:gti: I k v . N. (N.I.) fr. 2 k6ze:-;
sentry, bodyguard' is noted in xlrr, Iiaenisch 'a poker (for stirring the fire)'. S.i.s.m.1, w.
roo. See also Doerfer I 33 1-2). substantial phonetic changes, S E Turki kiisey:
NC. Klr. kijso:/kijz6:; Km. k8seii: NW Kk.
p kezqk (g-) Pass. Dev. N. fr. kez-; lit. kosew; Nog. kosev: SW Osm. kiiskii; Tkm.
someth~ng which is moved to and fro'; kesevi. Xak. X I kaze:gii: a!-miMdt 'a poker'
'R weaver's shuttle'. The word carries one Kaj. 1 448 (pro\:): Kom. xlv 'poker' k6s6v
damma in the MS. which has been falsely C C G ; Gr.
attributed to the kiif by previous editors, but
it precedes kezig, which precedes kiijek, so D keziglig (g-) P.N./A. fr. kezig; with
must have had a f a t k on the first syllable and various potential meanings; in KB it is more
the (lamma on the second. Survives only(?) likely to mean 'sentry' (cf. the Mong. I.-w.
in S E Tiirki kiiziik 'shuttle' B$ 557. Xak. ke+ktii 'sentry') than 'feverish'. N.0.a.b. Uyg.
xr keziik the translation is corrupt; ?read VIII ff. Civ. in a brief damaged document,
huwa (MS. fi) cilotu'l-hd'ik bi'l- (MS. a!) USp. 68 one Bag kara(?) is apparently required
-xuyC!i'l-mun'aqida ba'duhd :a& ba'd hihd to act as herdsman kez[igJlig 'because it is
yufarroqu'l-sa&'l-a'& mina'l-asjal 'a weaver's his turn': Xak. xr K B (he lay down but could
instrument with thread wrapped over and yot sleep) keziglig kigi t e g kozin y w n m a d l
over round it with which the upper and lower like a sentry(?) he did not close his eyes' 4890.
 DIS. GZN
D 1 kezlen- (g-) Rcfl. f. of 1 kez1r:- ; ~urvivcs treasure i< fnund in the bride', because shc
in SW Osm. gezlen-. Xak. xr o k kezlentli: keeps hcr charms hidclcn for her husband Knp.
Kay. I1 252
'the arrow was notchrd'(.fii~uz~~iqo) III 242: X I I I ( ?Trf.
) kizlenqii ganclar 'secret
(followed by 2 kezlen-). trraslircs' (I'c. I.-\\.) 178: Xwar. xrv kizlengi
'hiddcn' Qirth 09.
D 2 kezlen- IIap. lep.; Rrfl. f. of 2 kez1e:-.
Xak. X I egig kezlendi: 'the sediment stuck
(iltnjnqnti'l-qtirnm) in the I,ottom of the cook- [)is. GZM
ing ~ o tKay.
' 11252 (kezlcnli:r, kczlen1ne:k). 11 k6:zme:n 1)cn. N , fr. 2 kij:z; pec. to
Kaj. Xak. ul kii:zme:n xrrhzrr'l-mnlla 'hread
U klzlen- (g-) Rvfl. f of k1zle:-, oftcrl uqrd (hakrd) in thc hot ashcn' Kof. 1 444; a.o. II
ns a I'ass.; survives only(?) in S\V Az, kizlen- 27, I I (kGm-).
(g-); Osm., 'I'km. gizlen-. Xak. xr 01
tavn:r!ti kizlencll: 'he prctcndrd to hide
(,vakfrim) his property', also for 'hc applied
himself to hiding (istnhndda bi-kilntiin) his kiizen 'polecat'; a ye? old word, a First
property1 Kap. U 253 (kizlenii:r, kizlen- Period 1.-rr. in &long. as kurene (Kow. 2636,
me:k): Gag. xvff. kizlen- 'to be hidden' Hnltod 237) and liungarian as g 8 i n y ; the
(pitihcin gudon) Sun. 3 1 4 r 15: X w a r . xrv suggestion, see Doerfer I 328, that this word
kizlen- 'to hide oneself' Qutb 99; M N 219: is connected w. Mong. kurenlkiireg 'brown'
Kom. xrv 'hiddcn' k i z l e n m i ~C C G ; Gr. which later became a 1.-w. in some Turkish
languages is improbable on phonetic grounds,
I) kezleg- (9-) Hap. Icg.; Co-op. f. of kez1e:-. but not impossible. S.i.a.m.l.g. except SE, see
X a k . X I 01 a o a r o k kezleqdi: (translated) Shcherhah, p. 146. Xak. xr kiizen (z&v un-
'he competed with him in cutting notches (fi vocalized) 'an animal of the rat (01-curddn)
tnftuiq) in arrows'; also used for h,elping Kag. family used to hunt sparrows and also (ayda(n))
11 224 (kezlegIi:r, kez1egme:k; competing' jerboas' Kaf. I 404: Xwar. xrv kiizen Zaj.
should have Rnlg birle:; a g a r is appropriate suggests 'weasel, marten' but the context
only for 'helping'). would equally admit of 'polecat' Qutb 108 (note
refces. to old Osm.): Kom. x ~ 'polecat'
v kara
I> kizleg- (9-) Rrcip. f. of kizle:-; n.o a.b. kiizen C C I ; G r . : KIP. xrrr a/-'arsa 'weasel'
Xak. xr o1a:r ikki: tava:r kizlegdi: 'those kii:ze:n (MS. kii:nc:n) Hou. 11, 14: XIV kuzen
two hid (katanm) their property (etc.) from one 01-nims 'weasel, ferret', and in the Kitcib
another' Kaj. I1 224 (kizlegii:r, kiz1egme:k) : B~ylik01-dalaq 'marten' Id. 82; al-nims kiizen
C a b xv ff. kizleg- Co-op. f. 'to be hidden Rill. 10, 0 : xv ditto Tuh. 36a 12.
together' (bri-ham pinhdn ptdan) Son. 3 1 4 r 14.
D kiizgii: (g-) contracted Dev. N. (N.I.) fr.
L) kozleg- (g-) Recip. f. of koz1e:-; s.i.s.ni.1. k8ziin-, listed as a Dis. underfa'la in Kaj.;
Xak. X I 01 m e n i n birle: kozlegdi: 'he com- 'mirror'. Sunrives in NC K I ~ .kiizgii: S C
peted with me in looking' (or staring,fi'l-ru'ya), Uzb. ktizgu: NW Kar. kiizgii; Kumyk
that is he eyed me ('dyunani) and I eyed him giizgii: SW Az. kiizgii (2-); Tkm. gozgi,
Kag. 11224 (klizle~ii:r,k8zlegme:k). but elsewhere displaced by I.-w.s like Ar.
'ayna. See Dorrfer I1 I 1674, Tiirkii vrrr ff.
T r i s . GZL words transcribed kiizku:si: and kiizkum (no
1) kiiziildiiriik (g-) N.I. ultimatrly der. fr. doubt misrcadings of kozgii:si:, kijzgiim)
, 1 k&z; thc -iil- is irrrpular, pcrhaps inscrtcd
appear on two metal mirrors of unknown
by false analogy w. tizildiiriik der. fr, tizil- pro\,enance ETE' II 171; JrhR 22 ( ~ q g ~ n - ) :
Yen. [sekliz bagt:r (sic) k8znii:si: o c kara:
and kfimiildiiriik dcr. fr. kiimiil (kogiil), kozgii:si: 'his eight coppcr mirrnrs and ten
hut the KIP. form is s regular Ilev. N. fr. black mirrors' A.lnl. 26, I I : UyR. vrlr ff. Man
kiiziin-. N.n.2.h.; cf. kiizliik. Xak. xr kiiziil- (spirits) kiiziigiiqe kiiziiniipen 'appearing
diiriik 'an object woven from horsehair, put like (shapes in) a mirror' hf 11 12, 6-7: Bud.
over the eyes when they are suflering from koziigude 'in a mirror' USp. 102s. 10; a.o.
ophthnlmia or excessive glare'; alternative T T VI 41-1 I (Ptiglig): Civ. (he should rub
form kuzliik K a ~ .Z 529: (Klp. xlv koziin- in the salve and) koziinude korziin 'look in
diiriik 'a shade (al-la'riyo) put over the eyes' a mirror' !I I 125: Xak. X I kiizgii: al-mir'dt
Id. 81). 'a milror' K a g 111379; 0.0. 11145 (yiizliig),
I) kizleglig (g-) Hap. leg.; P.N./.4. fr. a Dev. 132 (5 kii:g): xrv nfuh. al-mir'dt g8:zgii:
N. fr: kizle:-; 'hidden'. Uyg. vlrr ff. Bud. Mnl. 68, 12; Rif. 169 (k-): F a g . xv ff. kijzgii
USp. 101, 20-1 (ortuglug). ('with k- -g-') 'ayna 'mirror' VPI. 368; gSzgii
('with g-') @inn 'mirror' Sun. 306v. 5 : X w a r .
D kizlengii: (8-) Dcv. N./A. fr. kizlen-; XIV kozgii 'mirror' Qlrtb 109; MN 248: Kom.
n.o.a.b. Uy& v t r r ff. Man.-A kentii kiz- xrv 'mirror' kiizgii C C I ; Gr.: Krp. X I I I al-
]ent$i~iin . ..kizleg 'hide your own hiddcn -mir'df k6:zii:gii: Haft. 18, 6: xrv kijznii:
trer~ure'(without being miserly regarding the (?kozgii: intended) ditto fd. 81: xv ditto
pure doctrine, believing with a generous mind k6zgi: Knv. 64, ro: O s m . x ~ v f f .g6zgij
and not dqubtinn) M III 11, 7-10: Xak. X I (gi)zigii, gtiziigii), once ( x ~ v )goziigii 'mir-
kizlenqii: n hidden treasure' (al-xohiyn), and ror'; c.i.a.p. TTS I 331 ; 11 464; III 319;
in the prov. kizlenqii: kelinde: 'a hiddcn I V 364.
 762 DIS.
E kiiziing seems to be a mistranscription of (or, for Intrans. V.s, an Intrans.) Suff.; this
kiistinq (kiiseng), q.v., in M 11 8, 17; U 1 6, word must therefore lit. mean 'something
14 and is a scribal error for korling, q.v., in which is seen', perhaps with the application
Kay. III 373. 12. of 'something which is seen from within the
building' rathcr than 'something you see out
D kiiznek (g-) Hap. leg.(?); contracted Dev. of'; the later rncaning 'aperture' and the like
N. fr. k6ziin-; occurs in a passage about is obviously a metnph. extension. Survives
throwing nut a bridge to people \\rho have in most Ntr lanpuapes as kiiznek/klizniik/
trodden nn 'a reflectinn' on the surface nf kiizilnBklkiiziinijk 'windon.' R II 1302-3;
thc water think in^ it to he a solid nhject. Khak., 'I'uv. kiizenrk: N C I<lr. kBz6niik
Src kiiziiniik. Uyg. ~ I I IT. I Man. T T I11 55 'aperture; hutton-hole': S C Uzh. kilzannk
(sl~klun-). 'a hnlc; a cell (in n honey-comh)', most of
Dis. V. GzN- which look more likc modcrn forms of kaz-
1) krizun- (13-) Refl. f. o f *knz-, presumably nek. Turkii V I I I ff. (in thc para. enutneratinl:
p;Lrts o f a tent) kaziiniikl: ne: t e g 'what is its
a \-ev c~ldaltcrnativc pronunciation of k 6 r - , \v~ndo\vlike?' IrkB 18: C a C xv ff. g6zUnek
\r.liich IS obviously connected etymologically ('w~th 6- -k') xirkdlz nshrihi '(part of) the
with 1 ko:z; syn. w. korun-, 'to be visible,
to appear'. In phr. like koziintir a j u n 'the equipment of a tent' V P ~ 368 . (quotn.);
gijziinek (spclt) ditto (nz ijldt-i xoyinn) Snn.
viqihle world', the Aor. Participle practically
3 0 6 ~ .ro (quotn.).
mcans 'present', as opposed to 'past' and
'future'. Tiirkii V I I I ff. Man. b6q koziintir
tavglrd (Iranian I.-w.?) etoz s l n l a r l 'the Dis. V. GZH-
five component parts of the visible . . . body' S kiizer- See klizger-,
AT 111 18, 12-13 (ii); bbg kiiziinmez t u t u l -
m a z yavlak billgler 'the five invisible, Dis. CZS
impalpable evil mental states' do. 19, 14;IS
(i): Uyg. V I I I fT. Man. Ad II 12, 6-7 ( k o z ~ d : ) ; 11 ko:zsiiz (g-) I'riv. N./A. fr. 1 kii:z; 'with-
T T I1 16, 28 (a:ju:n); III 148; I,Y 46, 116 out eyes, hlind'. S.i.a.m.1.; in SW Az. k6zsiiz
(ka:n-): Rud. ktiziin- is common, e.g. (there (8-); Own. giizsiiz. See tcgliik. Uye. V I I I ff.
is a molrntaiti over there) kiiziinurmii 'is it Man. M 1 18, 6 ( i ) (teglilk): Bud. ol kllzsiiz
visihle?' P P 37, 6 ; kiiziiniirsiz 'you appear ki$i 'thet hlind man' PI' 74, 5: Xak. X I KH
to hc' (a very strong man) do. 66. 5 ; kozuniir 178 (kara:gu:), 271: X I I I ( ? )Trf. kkazsiiz
ajun 'the \-isihle (prcscrlt) world' do. I I , 3 ; 'I'lind' 1 8 2 ; a.0. too (knra:gu:): Kom. xrv
S ~ t c ! . 474. zo etc.-(you \\.ill go into the city 'hlind' krizsiiz; 'mnlc' kiizsliz (PU) open
and) l u x a n q a koziingeysiz 'let yourself is!:) C C I ; Gr.: KIP. Y I I I 01-n'ind 'hlind'
he seen by (i.e. present yourself to) the kin< kozs1:z (hlS. k i z s i : ~ )Jlou. 26, 8: xrv T k m .
of the dragons' PP 40, I ; a.o. 44, 5: Civ. T T kiizsiiz 01-n'ind aql hiid 'ny7z (that is 'without
I 21 (0:~-),61 ;(all the signs of thirst) kozoniir eyes') fd. 81; ?KIP. kuzslz (I'U) sebek 'a
(sir) 'appear' VIII 1.9; in the astronomical mole' (a/-.rzrld)h.82; ~ / - x I Ikossiiz/~ temek
texts kiiziin- is the standard word for '(of ( ? R I S . rtnrrlr) Brrl. lo, r 5 : xv al-n'nrd kozsiz
a star) to become, or he. visihle' T T VII I , ki$i: d i r Knc. 60, 9 : O s m . xrv ff. gBzsiiz
20-2 (ir~ir)etc.: Argu: X I (immediately after 'hlind', in sr\.rr;il tcxts; giizsiiz s e p e t
kiiriin-) and in Argrl: one says kiiziindi (xrv)~giizsiiz tehek (xv~r)'a mole' T T S 11
ne:g 'the tliilrr was seen' (rtc'iya); run f i l ~ i 567; 111 320; I V 365-6 (the second words in
ho'd~r'l-Qiy~is 'there is a certain rule concerning the I<oni.. l i ~ p . and
. Osm. phr. for 'nlole' are
it'; it is taken fr. their word kii:z 'an eye', but all very obscure, hut the svlr phr. is clearly
they make a difference (ynxdlifrin) hetween the the origin of the modern word k6stebek).
Perf. and the Impernt. and say kor, that is
'see' (nhfir) w. m', and the I'erf. w. zcIy Koj. DlS. \'. G Z $ -
11 157 (koziiniir, koziinme:k): Klp. X I I I I) kezirj- (9-) Ilap. leg.; Recip. f. of kez-.
lrilrn 'to appear', in the sense of appearing to Xak. XI 01 maga: y6:r kezigdf: 'he competed
someone so that he can see you k6:zin- Hot{. with me in traversing (fi tn!rcrif) the plnce'
43, 17 (the other I<rp. authorities have k6riin- Kni. I1 roo (keziqti:r, kez1gme:k; the trans-
in this sense; this may be a scribal error). lation is wrong; maoa: implies 'he helped me ;
'he competed with me' should be m e n l g
T r i s . GZN birle:).
S koziioii See kozgii:.
11 kiizeg- Hap. leg.; Co-op. f. of 2 koze:-.
1) kiizlinpk ( 9 - ) Dev., ,N. (Conc. N.) fr. Xak. X I 01 maga: o:t kiizeqti: (sic) 'he helped
koziin-; a window'. I here is a morpho- me to poke ( , f itahri!) the fire'; also used for
lo~icaland semantic difference between this competing K q . I1 roo (k6zegii:r, k6zeg-
and koznek, q.v., -iik being properly a Pass. me:k).
It is generally hclieved, and i q rlr, dnuht true, tCrgi k i r s e 'when the table of food is brought
that no native l'urkish word hcgins w ~ t hI-; in' (must scrutinize it) 2540; (two things
all the words listcd hclolv arc either dc- incrcacc the reputation of bcp) (linde tug1
rnonstrnhly I.-w.s or of a kind which might k o r tnrinde livl 'their banners in the fore-
reasonably he s~lpposcdto I,c I.-W.S. It is also court, the food (which they lay) before the
posqihle that there are some I.-\\-.s listcd above scat of honour' 2 5 5 3 .
in which thc initial 1- is prccrdcd I,y a pros-
thetic vowel. If so, these would he parallel to Dis. LCN
the I.-w.s with initial r- preceded by a pros-
thetic vowel, see R. Some Chinese and Indian ?F 1a:qrn 'falcon', the actual variety differing
1.-w.s with initial I- which occur only in Llyg. in different lan~uages,in SE Tiirki 'the Uar-
texts have not been included helow since they bary falcon', in SW Osm. 'the peregrine'. The
never became fully naturalized in Turkish. most durable of all words beginning with I-;
s.i.a.m.l.g.. as laqln/lag~n. Almost certainly
Mon. LA a 1.-w., prob. Tokhatian. Cf. cavll:, qagn:,
t o g a n , t u r u m t a y , srgkur, etc. TtirkIi VIII ff.
F lu: 'dragon' I.-w. fr. Chinese lung (Giler La:q[~n] Bay1u:k P.N. Mir. D v. 4 (ETY II
7,479). which was pronounced without the 66): Uyg. vlrr ff. Dud. (three doves en-
final -ng in some N W Chinese dialects of the countered) laqlnka 'a falcon' Suv. 620, 20:
first millennium; often spelt hu (repre- Xak. XI la:qm a!-$ahin 'a gerfalcon'; one of
scnting lu:?) in Uys.; prob. originally intro- the predatory birds; hence men are called
duced into Turkish as one of the animals of La:q~n because of their bravery Kaj. 1 4 1 0 :
the twelve-year cycle. In this context it still KB 2381 (kov-): xlv Muh. al-pain la:-
survives in some modern languages, sce q1:n A M . 72, 13; Rif. 175: F a g . xv ff. laqrn
0. Pritsak. Die bulgarische Fiirstenlisle, Wies- 4chThit1 in Ar. mqr; also the name of a tribe of
haden, rg=js,, p. 80. Cf. n a g . (TLirkii vlrr Turks San. 3 I 7r. 27 : X w a r . XIV I a ~ m 'falcon'
Iiiy in R's e d ~ t ~ oofn Ongin 12 is a misreading Qutb 109: Kxp. xrrr al-$Chin la:q~:n (-c-) Hou.
of kofi): Uyg. vr!~ff. Bud. a l k u a g u l u g 10, 2 ; as a P.N. do. 29, 5 : xlv ditto Id. 87;
l u u l a r ' yllanlar all kinds of polsonous Bul. 11, 10: xv ditto Tuh. zoh. 11; as a P.N.
dragons and snakes' PP 39, 6 ; a.o. do. 40, I
(koziin-); (in a list of supernatural beings)
.
do. 4 1 b 12: Osm. XVIII l a p . . and, in
Rtimi, kch-i saxt 'a precipitous mountain,';
l u Sanskrit nzga, a mythical 'snake' U II zo, l a q m k a y a 'a precipitous mountain' in
23; Kimn, 142: (in a list of disreputable pro- and the name of a articular mountain
fessions) l u u Untiirguqi yatql 'snake charmer Son. 3 1 7 r 28 (no doubt a geog. name mis-
and ma~ician'U I1 84, 12; TT I V 8, 60: C/v. understood).
l u u yrl 'the dragon year' USp. 10, I ; 125. r ;
common in the same context in T T VII and VUI: 1uqn.t Hap. leg.; second syllable un-
VIII P. : F a g . xv ff. luy means nalrnng 'croco- vocalized. No doubt like other Gancak words
dile' in Mona.; also 'the constellation of the a 1.-w. G a n c a k X I 1uqn.t 'help in cleaning the
Whale' (lrrit); also the name of one of the grain (ctc.)'; that is among the villagers ( f i
l'urkish years Son. 318r. 6 (no doubt reached ahli'l-qurJ), they help one another by sending
Mona. through Turkish lrrrr, Koru. 1965, a slave or an animal to thrcsh the corn Kay.
Hultod 486). 1451.
M o n . LB Dis. LDA
I; la:v Hap. Icg.; I.-w. fr. Chinese la 'wax' VUF 1d:tu: I-lap. Icg.; perhaps I.-w. fr.
(Giles 6,668; Pt~lieyblank, R?iddlc Chinese Chinese I<ng-t'oo 'to wash in a sieve with cold
I&). Xak. XI 1a:v al-m8nztr'llnfi yuxtam bihi water' (Giles 6,869 10,824). Xak. XI l e : t ~ :
'sealing wax' Kay. 111I 55. 'noodles' (a!riyo) chilled with water, snow, and
ice and mined with seasonings (a/-abdzir); it
F liv some kind of food, or a dish of food; no is eaten to cool one (li'l-tabrid) Kaf. 111237.
doubt a I.-w., prob. fr. Chinese li 'a grain',
e.g. of rice (Giles 6,958; Pulleyblank, Middle D ~ S LCD
.
Chinese ljip). Uyg. VIII ff. Bud. in T T V I I
14 a list of stars, the appropriate offerrng F 1oxta:y Hap. leg.; no doubt a Chinese phr.;
(hulled millet, rice, etc.) to them is described Brockelmann, on the authority of B. Schindler,
as livi aqr, e.g. 28 (tuturkan), 39 (bugday); plausibly suggests lo 'ram silk' (Giler 7,323;
in U S p 88, a charter of rights to a holy man, hrlleyblank, Middle Chinese Ibh), rai 'girdle'
it is said that various officials liv yemeziinler ( F f e s 10,554; Pulleyblank, Middle Chinese
'must not eat (his holy?) food (or otFerinp?)' tal>. Cf. b a r p n , etc. Xak. XI 1oxta:y 'red
88, 30: Xak. XI H:yii: (or l k w ? ) Kai. 111438 Chinese brocade (dibac) with small gold coins
(kenq); n.m.e.: KB (the chamberlain) liv a$ (or spangles, fuliis ~ u f rattached'
) Kap. 111240.
 1%. 1,AIG
F la:&u:n Ilap. Icg.; an old uidcly distributed F i i m k e n Ilap. leg.; I.-w. fr. Chinese lin-
culture word, the irnmediate snurce fnr -clt'i,r, hlitltlle Chinese ijim-hjim 'a species of
'I'urkish uncertain; nrockcllnann quotes Syriac Pj.rrrs' ((;ilrr 7,157 2,101). X a k . XI l l m k e n
Iajjinfi, Greek Icigoinos. ilssyrian li~innrc, thc 01-~crci~~i'l-osfir 'ycllow plum' Kaj. I 4 4 4
last prnh. the original \vord. X a k . XI 1a:gu:n
'a hollnm (ntn~rqtir)ohjcct like a rain rneasilre U:S. LNG
(01.~6') used for drinkinc n i ~ l kr,r water' Kag.
I410. S ? l e n g c c Scc yegge$.
I l i s . L<;Z
F I n g z ~ : n 'pig. ?\vinr'; the c n r l ~ r r tnar11c For hlo11. I,$l%
tllis animal in the t \ ~ c . l \ c - ~ c cycle;
ar later dis- I: lCgp thc '1'1lkharian A wotd / r i p 'tnucus,
plncrd by t o n u z , q.v. I'rnh. a 'l'r~khnrian I.-\\,. p h l c a ~ n ' fonnd its way into 'I'urkish, prnh.
N.n.a.1). T i i r k i i V I I I 1agzl:n y l l 'in the I'ic thrcitr~litmnslntions of ~ncdicaltcxts, and sur-
Year' It S 10: l a k z ~ n(sic) y11 Ill. A. b.2 vived it1 an alimdecl form until xr. UyR. V I I I ff.
(ETY II 122): U y a . V I I I 1agzr:n y l l k a : $u. Ilud. (riernons) IBgip a$11glar '\\hn cat mtlcus'
N 1 1 : V I I I ff. Man.-A ditto 111 I 12, 16: Bud. U I1 61. 10; 0.0. SIIV.588, 1 4 ; 591, 8; ~ 9 2 I()
,
(some people . . .) k o y l a g z l n u l a t l t m l l g - ( k u z l t - ) : Civ. IBqp 'mucus' T T VIZI 1.5, 7
l a r r g o l i i r i i r 'kill livinR creatures like sheep, and 12: v i g i l X I 18:$ 01-lir'Cb 'mucus'; l6:g
pigs, cet.' PI' 3, 1-3. also ol-holl;T~n~ 'phlegm'; one says l6:$ a k t ~ :
'the mucus and phlegm flouetl' KO$. III 127.
D i s . V. LI,A-
[IF lala:- Den. V. fr. Chinese lo 'to cut, slash' Dis. LYA
(Gii~s6,653); this \I-ord was /St in Middle
Chinese, hut this V. occurs only in a fairly I'UF liyii: 1Iap. leg.; in the sarnc para. as
late IlyP. test, and by this time t h e Chinese 1d:tu:, bet~vccn ka:nt: and ikhi:; the first
word had no douht lost its final consonant. vn~velought therefore to he long, and the word
[lye. V I I I ff. Civ. (takc thc beads in a snake's may be corrupt, hut it ma! represent some
head ( ? , see b o n q u k ) , burn them) y u m g a k Chinrsc I.-\\,. likc liao or It~r. X a k . I X liyii:
s o k u p l a l a p 'crush them and c u t them u p 'mud' (01-!in) which turns into hard c l ~ y
tincl>-'IT. I 1 3 1 ; 0.0. do. 166, 171-2, 183. ( $ a l ~ ~ iwhen
I) it dries K ~ JI11
. 238.
 I
1 No native Turkish word e%cept a few onomato-
poeic~, particles, etc., originally began with
m - , but in most Turkish languages initial b-,
when followed by a nasal within the body of
n e c e m e 'however much' 174; 8.0.0.; Try.
neqeme 220: X w a r . XIII(?)(become the chief
of the b ~ g shere) m e 'and' (let your name for
ever he I<arluk) 02. 246: xlv tiin m e ktin
1
I
the word (but not in Suffs.), is changed to m -
b y assimilation. In a few languages, like Xwar.
xrrr(?), this change has taken place even when
'night and day'; m a / m e Enclitic 'also' Qutb
109.
there is no nasal in the word. Words with 2 ma:/2 me: an Exclamation, 'here you are!;
initial m - , of which the original form has not take this!', and the like; s.i.a.m.l.g. sometimes
survived, are listed here as main entries; the as m a , sometimes m e . Xak. X I the word is
remainder are entered here only w. cross- cntered twice, once as mim alif hd', sometimes
! references. abbreviated to mitn hd', and once as mim alif;
both might represent me: but m a : is more
Mon. MA probable, at any rate for the first; ma:(h) an
1 m a : / l m e : perhaps an abbreviation of Exclamation (harf) meaning hundka wa xud
y6me:; an Enclitic with several functions. (I) 'here you are; take it'; one says this when
in some cases it is best translated 'and' or handing something over ('inda mnn~wa'alati'l-
'too', and indeed has been treated by some -gay') . . . to save time one sometimes says
authorities as an independent word, although m a ( h ) Kaj. 111 r 1 8 ; m a : (or me:?) an
there is no real doubt that it is an enclitic. (2) Exclamation meaning 'take it'; hence one says
in others it hardly seems to do more than give m a : xud wa hdka 'take it, here you are'; it is
some emphasis to the preceding word. (3) said both with Ild' and with alif ma(h);
attached to the Interrogatives, k i m , ne:, etc. examples of alternative spellings with initial
it turns them into indefinite relatives, e.E. hri' and alif in Ar. follow 1112x3.
ne:ce: 'how much?', ne:ce:me: 'however
much'. It disappeared in the medieval period VU 3 m e : onomatopoeic for bleating; survives
except in a few words like ne:me:, q.v., in in SW Osm. m e , Red. 2039, which rather
which it has become fused with the preceding than m a : is presumably the sound intended.
word to form a new word. It is discussed at The Den. V. 'to bleat' is first noted as VU
length in v. G. A7'G, paras. 291, 352; Broc- mele- in KIP. xlv, fd. 88, and exists as m e r e -
krlmonn, para. 1446. Uyg. V I I I ff. Man.-A in S E Turki and mely- in SW Az., Osrn.,
.
kaltllrnqa kaltr . . anqulayu m a 'just as 'I'km. Xak. XI me: an onomatopoeic for
the sound made by lambs, kids, and the like;
. . . so also' M 1 1 3 , 10; 14, 13; 17, 16: Rud. this agrees with Ar. as is said in pri'l-rrrmma
(the nodhisattva said) biz m e 'we too' (when
we arow old will deteriorate) USp. 97, 16: bi'smi'l-mi' mab&im ('bleated') Kag. III 214.
~ i v - m a l m e is fairly common i n USp. (I)
for 'too, also', e.g. o n bb* b a t m a n m b n m e Dis. MCA
bkrziln 'let him also give 15 batman of flour' F maqn: the standard word for 'cat' in NW,
76, 8 ; (2) attached to Interrogatives, e.g. k i m but unknown elsewhere in thls form; obviously
k i m m e q a m Carlm k ~ l m a z u n l a r'do not a I.-w. See ~ e t i i kmii:$.
, Survives in NW Kar.
let anyone object' 13, 12-13; negiike m e T. may1 R I V 2050; Kow. 232; Kaz. megel
k a l t l r m a y r n 'without delaying for any m e ~ Ri I V 2106; there are also cognate forms
reason' 6, 4-5: Xak. xr neqe: me: o b r a k NE l'el. m r j ~ kR ZV 2148: SE Tiirki mogiik
kediik erse: 'a garment, however shabby it BS 713; miigiikJarring 203: NC Klr. mlqlk;
may he' (qua in kdnn xalaq) Kag. 111 38, 20; I<zx. mrslk: NW Kk. pr$lk; Kumyk migik;
(and see ne:me:); n.m.e.: K B a t a o r n l kaldr Nog. mlsnk: SW Az., Tkm. piqlk. Kom.
at1 m a bile, a d r n m a taka bolsu m i g m i 0 xrv 'cat' m a p C C I ; Gr.: Krp. X I I I a/-qi!t
u l a 'your father's place remains (for you) and m a : p (also called qe:tuk) Hou. I I , r r : xlv
also his name; may there be another too, fldd ma:^^: ( - c - ) a/-zinntir 'cat' i d . 87.
thousands more' I I I ; (of an ageing sage; his
understanding has gone') h a m q a l a m m a Dis. h1CG
t r n a r 'and his pen-too comes to rest' 294;
y a n a m a aylttl 'and again he asked' 525; 0.0. S m e j e k See *bailak.
735, etc.: XII(?) K B V P yktiiriir k a m u g n ~ Dis. LMDG
m a y6mez ozi 'He feeds all and does not eat
Himself' 4; neteg k i m tiledi m e bold1 F m i d i k 'lavman'; 1.-w. fr. Sogdian rnygk,
k a m u g 'just as whoever he wished came which is syn. w. Sanskrit prthagjana; both
into existence' 6 (in this sentence m e bclongs words, sometimes in Hend., occur in Uyf. Bud.
to k i m though separated from it): XIII(?)At. texts. Uyg. vrrl ff. Bud. m i d i k p f n l g q a n
(keep away from liars) kegiir s e n m e ' u m r u g . . . m e n 'I am a layman' (attached to the
konilik ilze 'and live your life uprightly' 154; pleasures of this murld, see bodul-) Hiien-ts.
 766 DIS. M D G
289; 0.0. T T I V 4, ro (toyin); 5, 21 (ugur); night'; not a genuine word (Irrjn i n j r nsli).a)
p. rg.noteA 2 1 , 9 ; S u o . 41, lo. Kny. 111235: KIP. X I V m a m a : a word used
to address an older woman (01-knbira minn'l-
-nisd') or to refer to her Id. 88.
([I) muguzga:k Hap. leg ; proh. a 1l)ev. N./A.
D ~ S .~ I M G
(connoting habitual act~on) fr. an onoma-
topoeic V. *muguz- 'to buzz'. Argu: X I S F m a m u k See p a m u k .
m u a u z g a k 'an insect (dtibrib) like a bee' Kay.
1504. Mon. M N
hlon. M G (S) m a : n (b-) survives, in the same meanina,
?S miik i l n p . leg.; obviously collnnte to biik-, ns m a g in NIC $or: NC 1<7x. (di~~lect): Sib'
'I'km.: see Shcherbak, p. r 1 6 . Xak. xr ma:n
and perhaps Sec. f. of a homophonous N./A.
*biik. Xak. X I one says 01 m i i k turdl: qd~nn y a : g l ~ gko:y :a sheep which has passed the
qiyri~~to'l-rdki' 'he stood in a bent posture' Kai. age of four'; used only of sheep Kni. 111 157
(ma:n in the two preceding entries ma:n
133.5. klg1a:g 'the name of an Oguz country' (bilrid,
Dis. M G E i.e. the Manakishlak peninsula in the Caspian)
F m e k k e 'black ink'; I.-w. fr. Chinese mo and ma:n kend 'a ruined town near ICiggar'
'black; ink' (Giler 8,022; Pullejfhlank, Middle is not likely to be the same yord): Gag. xv ff.
Chinese mak; in some dialects ntbak), which is m a g (rhyming with tdng) a three-year-old
also a Chinese 1.-a. in Mong. as beke (Kow. sheep' (gtisfand) Son. 3 19r. 19.
I I Z ~ , Iinlrod 281). Cf. viitiik. Uyg. X I V (S) t n a g (b-) 'gait'; hon~ophonousw. m a g - ;
Chin.-Uyf. Dirt. mo 'ink' m e k e Ligeti 182: survives as m a g 'the gait of a horse; a fast
Xak. X I mekke(h) 'the name of a writing gait' in N E Alt., Leb., $or, l'el. R I V 2006,
n~aterial (naq~, so tu be translated here?) and Tuv.; m a g in other meanings (e.g. see
imported frotn China, in which Turkish ma:n) in various modern languages is not
writings (krtt~rbtt'l-ttcrkiya) are written'; the connected w. this word. Uyg. V I I I ff. Bud. (go
-k- in it is doubled, and the lrri' was originally on your way, merchants) m a g l a m i g m a g
0/if f i f . 111424, 23. s a y u 'in every step that you take' (may you
be tranquil and safe) mnglamtg m a r ~ ~ g i z l a r
Dis. I\IGI\.I/MGN 'and rnay the steps you take' (be free from
S miiklm/miikin See biikiirn. danger) Tif. 4 5 b 4-7; 0.0. U I1 24. 2 etc.
(akru:); U I1 72, 17 (yorl$-).
Dis. hII,D
S 1 m e n See ben.
1'IJF nielcleg (or m e l d e k ? ) Hap. leg.; looks
like a Rliddle Pe. Past Pass. Participle in -dog V U F 2 m 6 n (or m i n ? ) 'flour'; I.-w. fr.
(Modern Pe. -do), perhaps cognate to Pe. Chinese ntien 'flour' (Giles 7,892 or 7,895;
n~rilid(~n'to rub, polish, smooth' and the Ptrllryblank, Middle Chinese ntjen). Survives
like. Neither 'nrria not ~nn"a!a are ordinar?,Ar. only(?) in SarlR Yukur m 6 n , S. Ye. Malov,
words; Brocltelmann disregards them and Yazjrk ziteltykh rrigrtrov, Alma Ata, 1957,
merely translates the \\ford 'felted'; Atalay p. 76. Uyg. V I I I ff. Civ. o n b6$ b a t m a n m 6 n
translates the phrase erliek iivadanlt2r gibi 'fifteen battnans of flour' USp. 76, 8 ; 0.0, do.
krrplr~ensolpiiyt-11, a very improbable sensrrs 9 1 , 4 etc.; H I 4 0 (qokrat-). 67 (1 konak),
obscenrir; the most probalde meaning etymo- I 19 (yaslmuk).
logically is 'anything felted, like a hard sub- S 1 m e g (b-) 'bird-secd, small grain', and the
stance \rorn smoc~th'. Xak. X I m e l d e g ne:g like; n.o.a.l,.; this may be merely another,
krrll ray' tntrtalahbad n t ~ t t z c n ' l - ' n r h t i ' l - ~ I I I perhaps
- the oriqinal, meaning of beg, q . ~ .
~nn"afnh-a$. 1480. Tiirkii V I I I ff. b a r 3 k6ylk egke: megke:
barmi:$ elj1:n meg1:n bulmf:$ 'a leopard
Dis. h l M A and a deer went to look for game and grain
VI.' m a m a : Hap. leg. in this sense, but see nnd found their game and grain' IrkB 31:
manlu:; obviol~sly n q~rasi-onon~atopoeic; Uyg. V I I I ff. A4an.-A III 1 3 6 , 6 (1 a:$): Xak.
syn. W. 1 op. Xak. sr m a m a : 01-rrikis that is X I m e g 'nlaf~r'l-!ri'ir 'poultry food', that is
'ihe o r in the middle of the oxen when they a word for the grains (at-I~tiblib)which they
tread out the corn'; the others revolve round pick up KO$.III 358 (prov.); 0.0. 1425, 19;
it lirrj. I11 235. II I S (sok-): K B kuvka m e g egsiimez 'the
bird does not lack grain' 1193, 2054; 0.0.
V U m a m u : obviously a quasi-onomatopoeic; 3 5 6 4 7 ; 4417.
s.i.m.m.l.g. as m a m a (Tkm. m a m a ) for
'grandmother; mother; a respectful term for S 2 m e g See beg.
older women; midwife', and the like; in some S m i g / m i g See blg.
langua~esthere is a homophonous word (NE
'fit. m n m a ; S C Uzb. m a m m a ; S\V Az., S m u g See bug.
Osnl., l'km. m e m e , ete.) meaning 'nipple, the S 1 m u n See 1 bii:n.
female hrenst'. Xak. XI m a m u : 'the word for
any woman sent with the bride on her wedding S 2 m u n See 2 b u n
 DIS. M N D

I S 1man-
Mon. V. MN-
See 1 ba:n-.
craftsman's wages' Kay. I 418; a.0. 419
(tuzgu:).

S 2 m a n - See 2 ban-. S munga: See bunga:.

S m a g - (b-) 'to walk' and the like: homo- S D m a n q u k (b-) Hap. leg.; Uev. N. (Conc.
phonous w. mag;.survives only(?) in S E N.) fr. 1 m a n - (1 ba:n-) in the sense of some-
'I'iirki m a o - 'to go, walk, travel, ride'. See thing tied on. Cf. S C x ~ Sart
x banga 'a bundle'
m a g ~ g ,m a g l m . Xak. X I K B tilek birle R I V 1472. Xak. XI m a n q u k 'anything sus-
m a o s a kigi arzulap 'if a man longs for pended(yu'al1aq) from the saddle like a saddle-
something and walks with his desire' (he does bag or nose-bag' (01-!~aqiba way-mixldt) Kay.
not tire or lag on the road till he reaches it) 1476.
3702; a.0. 374 (k8llin-): G a g xvff. m a p S m o n ~ u kSee bonguk.
spelt) qadam guddltan 'to walk' Son. 31%. 27
[quotn.). PU(S) mllnqig (b-) Hap. leg. ; the equivalent
word in the Chinese original is 'uterus', but
S min-/miin- See bin-. the word has no obvious etymology. Cf.
S m u n - See bun-. ogulguk. Uyg. vrrl ff. Bud. (in a list of
demons) miinqig aglrglar 'eaten of uteri'
m a g - (b-) survives in S E Tar. m a g - '(of U I 1 60, I (iii).
a horse) to rear, kick' R I V zr 30. Xak. XI a t
mandi: camo'a'l-faras cardmizahu wa ramaha T r i s . MNC
I 'thewhorse gatherid its legs together and gal- SC munqulayu: (b-) prob. a crasis of
loped' Kaj. I I I 391 ( m a g e x , mugrne:k). munqa: and ulayu:; 'in this way' or the like.
N.0.a.b. Cf. anculayu:. Uyg. V I I I ff. Bud.
Dis. MNA munqulayu tbtrii s a k r n ~ p'thinking deeply
mnnu: (?b-) 'a wild cat'; survives in NE Tuv. in this way' U 11 5, 3-4; kiinloe a y q a
m a n ] ; see Shcherbak, p. 130. Shcherbak sug- munqulayu b8rip 'giving in this way (or so
gests that this becarnc a I.-w. in Mong. as much?) day by day and month by month' PP
mat~ril;the only meanings given for this word 7, 4-5; 0.0. do. 33, I ; 48, 7; TT V 8, 71; 26,
in Kow. 1973 are 'sentry; bird-scarer'; lt 1s 112 etc.
not listed in Haltod, which gives molur (also in
Koru. 1995) for 'wild cat'; S E Turki m o l u n l Tris. V. MNC-
mo:lun 'wild cnt', and acc. to Shcherbak SD manguklan- (b-) Hap. leg.; Refl. Den.
'domestic cat' might be a metathesis uf monlil, V. fr. manguk. Xak. XI e r to:nrn rnanquk-
perhaps affected by mnlidr which seems to be landr: 'the man put his garment in a box
native Mong. Uyg. vrli ff. Bud. m a n u in lists ((iwzn; MS. siwdn) and hung it ('allaqahu) on
of predatory animals Suv. 599, 15; 610, 14. the saddle hehind him' Kar. 11 276 (manquk-
lanu:r, manguklanma:k; MS. mon- m
S megel1 megi: Sce bbfii:. error).
S 2 megl: See begi:. S D monguklan- (b-) Hap. leg.; Refl. Den.
S D mu:nu: (b-) Acc. of bu: used as a sort of V. fr. monguk (bonquk). Xak. XI k1:z
Excl., generally in antithesis to o:nu:, q.v. monguklandr: 'the girl owned beads and or-
Xak. XI Kaj. I 1 1 238: K B I 161, etc. (o:nu:). naments' (xaraadt wa hulli) Kaj. I 1 276 (mon-
guklanu:r, mon$uklanma:k).
Dis. V. MNA-
SD mline:- (b-) Den. V. fr. 1 miin (1 bii:n) Dls. M N D
in the sense of 'to find fault' or 'to correct F mandu: Hap. l e ~;.'vinegar'. The ordinary
a fault'. Survivcs only(?) in NC I<zx. mine- Turkish wr~rdfor 'vinegar' is sirke:, q.v.; this
same meaning. Uyg. vrrr ff. Bud. (because he ' word, which has no obvious Turkish ety-
held these views) uzatr y e r e r mlineyiir mology, is therefore likely to be a I.-w., perhaps
ertlgiz 'you criticized and found fault with a Chinese phr. Xak. xr mandu: the word for
him at great length' Hiien-ts. 1798: Xak. XI 'Turkish vinegar' (mN Tnrki); fresh p p e
01 to:nug mline:dl: 'he cut the sides of the juice is put in an earthenware jar (bustliqa) and
garment to rectify unevenness, ctc.' (li-yusli- fermented; then pure wine is poured into it
hahu mina'l-inhirif (MS. in error itihirdq) toa and left for a night to mature. I t is the best
gayrihi) Ka8. 111 274 (mtine:r, n1iine:me:k). kind of vinegar Kaj. 1 4 2 0 .

Dis. MNC S m u n t a k See buntag.

V U ? F manqu: pec. to Kas.; morphologically ?SF manda:r(b-) Hap. leg.; prob. an Iranian
this could be a Dev. N. fr. 1 or 2 m a n - hut I.-w. cognate to PC. band 'cord, tie, fastening,
there is no obvious semantic connection and etc.'. See mandarlan-. O g u z XI manda:r
it is more likely to he a I.-xv., perllaps a a plant which wraps itself (yaltawi) round
Chinese phr.; cf, mandu:. Xak. XI mangu: trecs and often causes their death (at-yubr);
ucratu'l-muhtarif faqaft 'wages, only of a it is 'ivy' (01-'ajaqa) Kay. 1457.
 768 DIS. M N D
S D m u n d u z ( b - ) N.1A.S. fr. m u n - ( b u n - ) ; and have an Indinn look; perhaps connected
'senile, feeble-minded', and the like with some w . Sanskrit nrn!r<litn ' o r ~ ~ a ~ i i e n t eadorned'.
d,
extended meanings. 'I'here docs not seem to be but some other origin is pos~il)le:01-qnzrinn
nny other trace of ~ u c ha Iler,. Suff.; it can is not a11 ordin:zry Ar. word; it is der. fr. 9022,
hardly be identical with the I k n . Suff. in :I I'c. I.-n.. in Ar. ~ r ~ c a n i n'silk', g n t ~ d nlny
k i i t ~ t i i z , q.v. X a k . X I m u n d u z nl-nhlnh rlicnn '11 silkcrl ~ a r r l i c ~nr ~ t the
' like. X n k . X I
vrinn'l-rtrir 'a feehlc-~nindcd, s t ~ r p i d person' m11i~1at11:(~/-q,tzzinfl Kns. I 401: q i g i l X I
(prov.): m u n c l u z a k t n /I/-NI~ inintr'l-ray1 (\'L1) r n i r n t l ~ r ~' t:l ~ c\\ord for the p:~therlng
'a strcarri in flood': m u n d u z yorr:ga: a t which a s c ~ m l ~ l eins the presence o f the bride-
01-/nrasrr'llorli lii j~n'rijrr'l-s0j.r illi'l-ltnmlaca grnoni :~rr(lI>ride(nl-nmcltsrr'llnc/ij.rrcnm'bnytm'l
'a horse that knows n o form nf progression -.~nfott~cn'l-'rrtrir) at ~ i i p l ~!!ll(.n t, ccremoni:~l
except an amble' KO$. I45S: o.o. I 77 ( a k ~ n ) ; g:ifts ((11-ni!Al) nre p r e u e ~ ~ t c (Il ' 4 0 2 : X n k . X I
y h ( e r g i i z ) : K I < a y b i l i g s i z kigi m u n d u z ~ ( P I ] ) m u n d e r u : 01--Jrornl/r i~ri~~rr'l-l~nrir 'a
'oh i ~ r i o r a n t , stuprd man' 643; 0.0. 963 bridal c;lnrlpy o f silk' 1 5 2 9 ,
(telve:), zogr~,2655, 6304: X I I I ( ? )7'fl. m u n -
tluz is associated \ r ~ t l i'liar' and sec111sto mean St) n i u g n d t n q ~ g( b - ) 1)cv. N.!r\. Ir. *mugs-
'~~ialicious' rather than 'stupicl' 220: K o m . X I V p ~ n -llcfl. f. of m u g n u - ( b u g a d - ) ; etymo-
'simple-minded' m u n c l u z CCG; Gr. logically it sht)uld mean 'confused, perplexed',
or the like, hut it secrns rather to he laudatory
D i s . V. MND- in character n~irlto niean '~iiarvellous'o r the
like. 1't.c. to UyR., and usually used in associa-
S I ) m a g l t - ( b - ) CRUS.f. of nl:Ig-; n.o.a.h.? tic111 w. a d ~ n q ~o rg t a g l a n q t k . ( l y e . V I I I ff.
X a k . X I K B (a dying man) y e t l l s e o d i k o r M a n . 111 III jy, 2-3 (ii) (adlnqlg): Bud.
m n g l t m a z b u t u k 'when his time comes, can- rnugadlnqlE: u l u g 19 k e d i i g 'a t1>arvellous
t ~ o tmake his Icgs walk' 121I . great undertaking' Strv. 613, 1 9 ; 0.0. TT V
20, y ( a p ~ ~ i y ~ U g ) ;II' 28, 31-2 ete. ( t a g -
S D megde:- ( b - ) I-inp. leg. h u t see m e g d e t - , lanq~g).
m e g l e t - ; Den. V. fr. 1 m e g ( b e g ) ; originally
'to pick u p grain' and the like. X a k . XI 01 1'I!F n l a n t l ~ r ~and
: tnundaru: See m l n -
nnrg s a p n megde:di: 'hca plucked o u t (natnjn) tlatu:.
hi. hair' A-ng. 111 401 (megcle:r, megt1e:-
me:k; verse, see k ~ r - ) . T r i s . V . MND-
S i ) m u y a p t u r - (b-) Ilnp. ley.?; Cnus. f. of
SI) m e g d e t - (b-) 1Iap. leg.; Caus. f. of n ~ ~ r g a d( b- u g a d - ) . X a k . X I K U m u g a d -
megde:-. 'I'hc rest in the RiS is corrupt, t h e c u r m a g 1 1 serr yPgii k e d g i i k e 'do not let
spellings being trri~e(ld~fti:,nri~de:r, tnigde:- yourself he ~vorrlcd 3l>(lllt food or clothing'
r1r~:k. X a k . s r 01 a n l o s a q t n n l e g d e t t i : alrtnf(r r 264.
r had his hair plucked out' Knp. 11
~ ~ ' r n f u'lie
7 j X (megdetu:r, megdetrne:k). SI)F n l a n c l : ~ r l a n - (b-) IIap. leg.; Refl. Den.
1'. fr. m a n t I a : r , but not, like it, tlescribcd ns
SL) 1 m a n d u r - ( b - ) Hap. leg.; Caus. f. of OWuz. X e k . X I y ~ g a : q 111:lnclarland1: ilta-
1 m a n - . X a k . X I 01 m a g a : k r l ~ qn l a n d u r d l : rc8'1-lnhldb 'nlA'I-gncar 'the tree was wrapped
'lle urred m e to gird niysclf ('nl(i'1-tnrmt!zrq) in 1~11id\\-ecrl, Iloliclros lnblnb' KO$. I1 271
with a sword' h'r1.c. II 1~17 (followed by 2 m a n - ( m a n d a r l a n u : r , manc1arlar1nia:k).
dur-).
S 2 m a n d u r - See 1 b a n d u r - . Dis. h l ~ e
S mindiir-lmiindur- See b i n t i i r - S I I r n a g ~ g(b-) IIap. leg.; N.Ac. fr. m a g - .
,Yak. s l m a g 1 2 01-xotrr-n 'step, gait'; hence
S l ) m u n t u r - ( b - ) Ilap. leg.(?); Caus. f. of o n e says a n r g m a g t g l : ko:r 'luok a t his gait'
r n u n - (bun-). LlyQ. vrrl ff. &lati.-A y e k l e r /(or. 111 36 j.
erii$ k i g l g l n u n t u r u r ' ( r a r ~ o u s ) 4emons
111;lI.e tiiilny men m:id' 1\1tr11.111 29, y (I!). . fr.S Dmmuunn- u( bk u(nb--)); Hal,. Ira.; Pars. I)cv. N./A.
'mentally confi~sed'and the
SI) m e g d e a - (b-) IIap. leg.; Recip. f. of like. X a k . XI Knf. I 6 6 (2 azuk).
megtle:-. X a k . st i k k i : u r a : g u t m e g -
d e ~ d i 'the
: two Ivonien plucked at one another S m u n k a k See n i u y g a k .
(tnrrfitnfnt) and each of them took hold of the S D r n u n g u l (b-) n.o.a.b.; in 7'7' 111, where
other one's hair' K(I$.III y j r ) ( ~ n e g d e $ u : r , -g- is often rcpresentcd by -h-, the spelli~ig
megde$me:k). is nttrttktil, in the Stiw. RIS., \\.hich is X ~ I I I ,
?IIII~@I/; the ~nennitig, which can only Ile
T r i s . hINL) deduced fr. the context, might well be
I'UF m ~ n d a t u :H a p , leg.; this \vord which is 'mentally cunfused, trt>ubled', and the like,
indexed under fa'lu13, r n a n t l l r ~ : , also Hap. s o it is best explained as a Lkv. N . / A . fr.
Icg.. indexed under frr'loli, and r n u n d a r u : , t n n n - (bun-). 'I'lie r~seliiblanceto the tribal
also Ilap. leg., indexed under fn'lnZril and name Il.fon@olis purely fortuitous. Uya. V I I I ff.
i~iclucledin n suh-parn. with s n n d u w a : ~ ,and RI:II~.(they \\,ere liberated from an animnl
so prob. mis-spelt, all seem cognate both in existence) u r n u g s o z i r i n q ~ n u n g ukl a l a e u -
for111 and iiieaning. T h e y are oh\-iously I.-\v.s l u g (spelt ttkrrlrr~)'hopeless, n~isernble,men-
 D I S . V. M N L -
tally disturl,cd, savage, and poisonoils' 7'7' I11 S.i.a.ni.1.~.except S\V with various phonetic
25-6; 0.0. do. 27, 89: Itucl. (tell mc quickly, changes. 'I'iirkii v~rrff. (of an omen) m u g -
Minister, where my son is. M y body is dis- lu:g 01 afirg yavlak 01 'it is distressing and
tressed and annoyed, as if it was being burnt very had' lrkU 2 2 : Uyg. V I I I ff. Man.-A
with fire) ogiimin kiigiiliimln t ~ g ~ n a pM III 30, 3 (it) (endiir-): Xak. XI m u g l u g
m u n g u l (nruvgul) bolup bilinmezmen ' I am e r 'a melancholy (a/-mrrmfahin) man' K a ~ I11 .
losing my understanding and rnind, l~ccoming 382: K H m u ~ ~ l uisg common as a stock
mentally confused, and do not know (what has epithet for 'sulfering' mankind, e.g. k a m u g
happened)' Suw. 624, 17-18 b a r q a m u g l u g tijriitiilmlsi 'all His created
beings suffer' 5 ; 0.0. 24, 28, 1056 (1 ~11:-),
S D n1unga:n (b-) N./A, of IIahitual Actio! 1673 ( ~ l r f i u y ) , ,4403: (xrv Muh. ma'yGb
fr. m u n - (bun-); l i t . 'nicr~tally rflsturhed 'vlcrous, dcfcctlve' mu:nlu:g hlel. 52, 7 ;
and the like. I'ec. to KO?, whcrt. it is entered Ri/. 148; proh. an error for mii:nlti:g): q a g .
twice, in I 440 under fa'ln'rr, and in 1 476 xv ff. m u g l u g tn~r'lim nua mufa'allim 'dis-
underja'lrii. 111the latter case the section con- tressing, distressed'; both meanings occur
tains no othcr words end in^ in -a:n and this (har dd n'mada) Son. 3 2 0 ~ . 25 (quotn'~.for
word cornes bctrr~ccnm a n q n k (the Inst word each mcnning): Xwa? xtrl m u g l u (one MS.
ending in q q ) and biircek (the first ending in bugla) 'distressed' Ali 49: xrv m u g l ~ l
kdf); it is therefore almost certainly an error m u g l ~ g / m u g l u gditto QtrtB 112; m u g l u g
for m u n g a : k a parallel N./A. in -ga:k which Nahc. 286, 6: KIP. xrv muglu: (-g- marked)
mould have the same m c s n i n ~ . Xak. xr a/-nrrciltcic zoa rnn'nn'hrr d~i'l-!rCca 'distressed, in
munga:n kisi nl-!or!rir 'a garrulous person, need' Id. 89.
chatterbox' Kay. 1440.
Dis. V. MNL-
F m ~ n g u yHap. leg.; I.-w. fr. the Chinese
phr. mipn 'flour' (see mCn) and hu 'paste' S D m a n l l - (b-) Hap. leg. ; Pass. f. of 2 m a n -
(Giies 4,936; Pulleyblank, Middle Chinese (2 ban-). Xak. X I etrne:k sirke:ke: m a n ~ l d ~ :
yore). Xak. xr m l n g u y the name of the 'the bread was dipped (iuhga) in vinegar' (etc.)
'paste' ('ncirz) used to stick papers together; Kay. 11 238 ( m a n ~ l u r man11ma:k).
,
the dough ('aci~r) for it is mined with water S D m u n e l - (b-) Hap. leg.; Pass. f. of miine:-.
and then boiled until it becornes very viscid X a k , XI to:n miineldi: 'the sides of the gar-
K a r I11 24 1. ment and the superfluous (material in the)
is. V. MNG- hole for the neck (qawdratuhu'l-zd'ida) were
S D rnuguk- (b-) Pass. Den. V. fr. m u g ( b u g ) ; trimmed' (quti'a) Kay. 11 138 (miineliir,
'to be distressed' and the like. Pec. to Xak. miine1me:k).
Xak. sr e r muguktt: umf~llrina'l-raculwa'p- S miiniil- See binil-.
frrrra 'the man was distressed and suhjeeted
to pressure' Kay. I11 395: K B m u g u k s a SD magla:- (b-) Den. V. fr. m a g ; 'to step,
ya& yiiz oliimke u r u r 'if the enemy is hard stride'. Survives with this meaning as m a g d a -
pressed he turns his face to death' 2391. in SE Tar. R I1 zoro and for 'to gallop' in
several NE languages as m a g t a - ditto; Khak.
S D m a n g ~ r -(b-) Hap. Icg.; Incl~oativef. of m a g n a - . Uyg. V I I I ff. Bud. kvatrik begler
2 m a n - (2 ban-). Xak. X I 01 etme:kig m a g l n m a g l a p 'striding with the gait of the
ya:gka: m a n g ~ r d 'he ~ : began to dip (yagbag) ksatriya chiefs' II I V 8, 16 (and I 41, I ; both
the bread in oil and plunge (yagnzis) it into it' mistranscribed and rnistranslated); a.0. Tif.
Kaj. I1 197 (man&ra:r, rnnng1rma:k). 45b. 4 (mag).
SD m y g k a r - (b-) '1'ran.q. 1)cn. V. fr. m u 0 S D megle:- (b-) Ilnp. Icg. but see meglet-,
(bug); to cnuse distress' and the like. Pec. to meglen-; cf. megde:-; Den. V. fr. 1 m e g ,
Xak. Xak. xr 01 ant: mugkardl: idfarrahu q.v., for a similar phr.; 'to look for, or pick up,
run'ntta!mna 'he applied pressure to him and grain'. T u r k u vrlr ff. IrkB 49 (eg1e:-).
distressed him' Kaj. 111 397 ( n ~ u g k a r u r ,
m u g k a r m a : k ) : K B ay1 m u g k a r u r s e r ~b u SD miin1e:- (b-) Ilap. leg. ; Den. V. fr. 2 m i l n
kiln s e n m e n i 'oh! you are distressing me (2 biin). X a k , xr e r miinle:di: 'the man sipped
today' 4024. the soup' (!mssd . . . 01-maraqa) Kaj. 111 301
Dis. MNG (rniinle:r, miin1e:me:k).
S mengii:/meggii: See beggii:. S I ) meglet- (b-) Hap. leg.; Caus. f. of
Dis. V. MNG- megle:-. Xak. X I 01 k a : z ~ gmegletti: al-
qaja'l-botfa'l-knbb 'he gave the goose (Kaj., as
SD muniik- (b-) Hap. leg.; Intrans. Den. V. usual, 'duck') grain (etc.) to pick up' Kas.
fr. 1 m i i n (1 bii:n); 'to be faulty, defective', 11359 (megletii:r, meg1etme:k).
and the like. Uyg. vrrr ff. Civ. the 28th hera-
gram lctro 'to commit a frtult' (Ciles 6,622) is SD meg!en- (b-) Hap. leg.; Refl. f; of
translated u l u g miiniikmek T T I 22 4. meg1e:-; to pick up grain for oneself'. r h e
simiirgiik is described as 'a bird like a
Dis. M N L nightingale' in the language of BaIHsH@n, but
SI) m u g l u g (b-) P.N./A. fr. m u g (bug); the quatn. scetns to be ordinary Xak. - Xak. XI
'aorrowful, melancl~oly, distressed', etc. Kay. 11 290 (simiirglik); n.m.e.
8641125 CC
770
T r i s . MNL
SI) megi:lig(b-) l'.N./i\. fr. 2 megl: (hegi:);
'joyful, happv', and the like. N.0.a.b. Tiirkti
TRIS. hlNL
Dis. V. M N R -
n1agra:-/milgre:- Intrnductory note. lloth
thesc V.5, whicli seem to have an onomatopoeic
1
V I I I ff. megl:H:g b e g e r ermi:9 'he was a o r i ~ i nand to represent earlier forms *bagra:-1
happy hrK' IrkB 5 ; 8.o. do. 62: U ~ g vrlr - ff. *btigre:-, nrenn 'to moke a noise' of sonre kind.
%Ian.-X ~ \III l r r , 3 (ii) ( b a r l m l ~ k ) : Bud. Keg. user flrefirsf only of Ilrlmatt brin~rand the
alku megilig bold]Iar all joy-
ful' PP 72, 3-4; bnFgiilug meg"liig second only of nnitnals, and Illis ~iisfincrionstrr-
and happy* T T I V 12, 59-60; o,o, V~C'CS in ?nost early langrrager, altl~o~~glt reversed
I J I1 45, 56; Suv. 192, 5 etc. (it has sometimes in Cat. In modern times 111e first s.i.o.m.l.g.
]wen mistran~lated'eternal' o~vingto confusion rscrpt Sit' ruitlr some phonrtrc clran~cs,e.g. NC
with meggit ( b e ~ g u : )'eternal'): Xak. xr K B KIT. mn:ra-, and I N P ~ ~onlj. S '11) ~ I P oOT
~ ' '10
m e ~ i l ibodun
g k'm bu yagl'g begi; lozu', and the se~ottdsrrrvivcs only(?) irr NIV
lig beg 01 kolsa hodnl ybgi 'happy are the N,,~. mugire- gto bc,lolUT,
people who have a beg like this; happy is the
beg if his people seek what is good for him' S mngra:- (b-) 'to shout'. I'iirku vrrr ff.
1789 (the hlSS. have some v.l.s, but this u.ns Man. A1 I 6, to (un): Uyg. vrlr ff. Man.
the original text); 0.0. 1975, 5398, 6370. M III 9, 12-13 (i) (unde:-): nud. lnisln
oklyu m a g r a d l 'he shouted calling his
SI) mer~i:llk(b-) A.N. fr. 2 meul: (bed:); younger brother9 pp 58, 3-4; );ak. er
'joyfulness, happiness'. U ~ gv1rl . ff. Man. t1 1nagra:dl: 'the man (etc.) shouted' ({fiha) KO$.
turkaru m e ~ i l i g i n (sic) 'in complete and III 4oz (magra:r, magra:ma:k): Fag. xv ff.
lasting happiness' T T 111 110: Bud. U II ma0t-a:- (spelt) of a cow, sheep, and the like
34. 6-7 (aslgllk); Slrv. 354, 7 (eti&siz!: 'to low, bleat1 (nhla hardon); and of a man
(Xak. xlrr(?) Rf. m e g u l u k 'eternity' 1s (ksfin) they say m u g r a - (sic) son. 319r. 8:
a parallel A.N. fr. m e g g u (beggik)). (Xwar. xrv m a g l a - '(of a cock) to crow'
Qnrb I 10): K o m . xrv 'to bleat' m a g r a -
T r i s . V. MNL- C C G ; Gr. 163 (quotn.): (Klp. xrv o&na 'to
S D 1 megi:le:- (b-) Den. V. fr. 2 megi:(begi:); call to prayer' banla-/bangla- Ilnl. 3zv. : xv
'to rejoice; to be happy'. N.0.a.b. It is possible adnnn rnirm'l-~ic1d?t!i'l-saldf m a g l a - (sic, for
that Kaf.'s translation of 2 meg1:le:- is m a g l a - ) Knv. 75, 7; adana m a g l a - Trdz. gb.
purely imaginary and based on a false ety- 13; a.n.0.: O s m . xlv ff. bagla- 'to shout, call
niology; the verse quoted certainly contains to prayer; to crow; to tllunder'; in several
1 megi:le:-. T u r k i i vrrr ff. (seated on a texts Ti"S 1 74; 11 103; II' 73).
golden throne) meg1:leyu:rmen 'I am happy'
IfkB I ; o,o, do, 4, 28, 51, s6: Bud, (that man) S mugre:- (b-) 'to I)cllo\v, low, bleat', etc.
megl meglleyiir happy, T T VI rg8, TilrkU vrrr ff. (I atn n maral deer) mugre:-
yii:rmen 'I bellow' IrkB 60: Uyg. vrrr ff.
S D 2 megi:le:- (b-) Den. V. fr. I megi:(bbiii:); Bud. S m . 12, 21-2 (agrln-1: Xak. X I u:d
n,o.a.b. x a k . e r megi:le:di: 'the man milgre:di: 'the bull bellowed' (xdra) Kaf. 111
ate the brain' (al-dim@); this is the original 403 (mitr~re:r, m@re:me:k): XIV Mull.
(meaning); then this was used in speech(fi'l- (among animal noises) IirfGk'l-baqar rua'l-
-koldm) in the same contexts as the Ar. phr. -&%am 'lowing, bleating' m u g r a : m a k (?sic;
r1ibfi ('you have been invited7),that is that -nrak is a corrlnlon error for -nrek in Mrrh.)
a man must slaughter a sheep to get the hrain Mcl. 73. 1 1 ; Rif. 176: Gag- xv ff. m u g r a - 1
\\.hich is the best part of the animal; who- mu~r"$-/1nu'~tny-/mur~~1'g~- (a11 spelt)
ever is holloured (ukrinla) b y the slaughter of =d/a knrdan inrlin of a man 'to shout'; nnd of
a sheep for the sake of the brain and has it animals they say m a g r a - Sari. 32or. 7
placed before him is greatly conl~limented (quot"~.):K o m . X l V 'to low' m u g r a - C C G ;
(nrrrhtnmm); then this n-orcl is uscd for anyone GL 166 (quotn.).
who receives special food, it is addressed to S D magrat- (b-) lisp, leg,; Caus, of f,
him; (in a veme) e r e n ta:PuP (?so read) magra:-, Xak. 01 anl: magrattr: ol;ta~l,
1negi:le:di:
,lrinn,l-am rud,(MS.
i,llati miiyi:le:di:)
na,rabli,l~ ,the
yan'ama'l-ricdl
men rejoice ton $ay:;nhnlru 'hc made him call out and shout'
K q . 11358 (magratu:r, magrntrna:k).
at the spoils \vhich they have captured' Kag.
III 405 (no Aor. or Infin.). S D miigret- (b-) Hap. leg.; Caus. f. of
mugre:-. Xak. X I 01 u:dnr: miigretti: 'he
Dis. MNM made the bull bellow' (axdra'l-incur); and one
SD maglm (b-) N . ~ . A ,fr, mag-; ,a single says o:t e ~ i q n i :milwetti: 'the fire made the
stride3. ~ , ~ , ~Xak. , h , K B (a marl is born pot boil violently and noisily' (ailat . . bi-
-fazoardn ma farut); and one says 01 ern]:
.
and mounts the horse of time) kiinl bir
mag,m ol tuni bir maglm '(each of) his UrU:P milgretti: 'he beat the man till he
days is one stride and (each of) his nights one made him howl and bellow like an ox' (o'w611u
stride' 1389. rrw n.wirahrr xrrrutiri'l-baqar) KO?. 11 358
(miigretil:r, miigretme:k).
Dis. IvlNR S D m a g r a g - (b-) Co-op. f. of magra:-;
S mlr~a:r See brga:r. !
s.i.s.ni.1. following the modern meaninp of
I
 MON
magra:-. Xak. X I (the cloud rose noisily) 'resembling'. N.0.a.b. Xak. X I KB a n l g
a k t ~ a: k ~ nmilgregli: 'the strcanl flowed with oxqagr yok azu megzegl 'there is nothing
a babbling sound' (I-Iend., bi-ranin wa xarir); like or resembling Him' ;6; a.0. 17 (1 bo:d):
(the people were astonished by it) kBkrer XIII(?) Tef. megzeg example; (physical)
t a k ~ magragu:r Kaj. translates wo hiya shape' 222: xrv Muh. al-mifl 'similarity,
tar'ad wa tar$ wa tabriq 'and it (the cloud) resemblance' meozeg Mel. 85, 3; Rif. 191.
thunders and crashes and flashes with light-
ning', but it seems likelier to mean 'it (the Dia. V. MNZ-
cloud) thunders, and they (the people) all S megze:- See begze:-.
shout (in alarm)' KO$. I11 398, 25-7; n.m.e.
I SD miloreg- (b-) Co-op. f. of mii9re:-; S megzet- See begzet-.
n.0.a.b. Xak. X I (in the spring) sl@r buka:
mfigregii:r 'the bulls and cattle bellow T r i s . MNZ
joyfully' (xdra . . . farn/ia(n)) Kay. 11 79, 21; S D mii0iizge:k (b-) Hap. leg.; Den. N. fr.
a.0. 111 398, 25-7; n.m.e.: Gag. xv ff. Son. rntigtiz (*biifiiiz) in the sense of 'something
3zor. 7 (magre:-). horny'. Xak. XI miigiizge:k 'hard skin on the
hand (macalu'l-sad wahwa'l-kilo?) which re-
Dis. M N S sults from manual labour' Kay. I11 388.
F or S m a n s ~ zor m e n s l z See benslz. S D megizllg (b-) P.N.[A. fr. megiz (begiz);
S D mii:nslz (b-) Hap. leg.; Priv. N./A. fr. 'beautiful' and the like. N.0.a.b. Uyg. vrrr ff.
I
mii:n (1 bii:n); 'without defects, sound- Bud. U 111 57, 6 (i) (osuglug): Civ. TT V I I
hearted'. X a k , xr K q . IIZ 140 (1 bum). 26, 17-18 (k6rkliig).
SD megizsiz (b-) Hap. leg. ?; Prir. N./A. fr.
megiz (begiz); 'unbeautiful'. Uyg. vrri ff.
?S rniigug 'a corner'; first appears in the Man. M 111 37, 16 (i) (6gsiiz).
medieval period and survives in NE/NC Bar.,
Tob. miiyiig R I V 2221: SC Uzb. muyig; T r i s . V. MNZ-
it seems to be an unusual Sec. f. of bilfiiiz, S D megizlen- (b-) Hap. leg.; Refl. Den. V.
q.v. (Xak.) xrv I<bt. b i r miigiigde 'in a fr. megiz (begiz). Xak. XI kigi:megizlendi:
corner' (in hell) R I V zzzo (quotn.): Fag. !lasunu wachu'l-ins8n 'the man's face was
xv ff. m i i ~ i i ggti~n-ixrIna wa sard 'the corner beautiful' Kay. I11 407 (megizlenii:r, meglz-
of a house or mansion' San. 3211. 4 (quotn.): 1enme:k).
Xwar. xlv mugiig 'corner, secluded nook'
Qutb r 13; Nahc. 268, 13; 321, 4: Kom. xrv S D miiguzlen- (b-) Hap. leg.; Refl. Den. V.
'corner' m(igilg C C G ; Gr. fr. miigiiz (*biiiiiiz). Xak. XI k u z ~ milgiiz-
:
lendi: tala's qarnu'l-hamal 'the lamb (etc.)
Dis. V. MNS- grew horns' Kaf. 111 408 (mfigiizlenU:r,
mitgiiz1enme:k).
PUSD migeg- (b-) 'to ride behind someone
else on the same horse'; the word, which Mon. MR
carries a davzma as well as a kasra on the mim,
appears in KO$. under the heading wa now' F m l r 'honey'; I.-w. fr. Chinese mi (Giler
minhtr 'and another sort of it' in a section con- 7,834; Pt~lleyblank, Middle Chinese miit, in
taining V.s with four consonants, the second some 1st millennium N W dialects mir); the
being -9-, nftcr megdeg- and before kiigren- Chinese word is itself a I.-w. fr. Tokharian B
(kegren-), which perhaps impl~esa spelling mit, which seems to exclude. the possibility
mi0geg- or even mingeg-. I t survises with that ba:l, q.v., was taken fr. Tokharian. Pec. to
the same mean in^ in SE 'I'ar. miggeg- R I V Uyg. Uyg. V I I I ff. Bud. m l r in a list of drugs,
2150; 'l'iirki mingeg- B$ 707: NC Iczx. etc. Sue. 596, I : Civ. m l r is included in
mingeg-: S C Sart migiv- R IY 2150; Uzb. several prescriptions in H I I 14, 128; Dat.
mingag-: NW Kk. mingeg-, and in SW m l r k a do. 143.
Osm. bingig- (of teeth) 'to overlap' Sami 335.
lClorphologicaliy it seems to be the Co-op. f. Mon. MRC
of a Den. V. fr. *binig, a N.Ac. fr. bin-. F m i r g l m u r g 'pepper'; ultimately der. fr.
Xak. X I 01 men19 birle: migegdi: irtadafa Sanskrit marica/marica, same meaning, prob.
ma'i'l-fams wa nahrcwhu 'he rode behind me through some Iranian(?) intermediary. The
on a horse or the like' Kaj. 111 399 (mQe- alternative medieval form b u r g shows the
+:r, migegme:k), same sound-change m > b that seems to have
occurred in ba:l, q.v. S.i.a.m.1.g. with some
Dls. M N Z phonetic changes and initial m- in NE, SE,
S n ~ e g i zSee begiz. N C Klr., and SC and initial b - in NC Kzx.,
NW, and SW (Tkm. only). Cf. bitmiil. Uyg.
S miigiiz See *biifiiiz. VIII ff. Civ. k a r a m u r q 'black pepper' H I
134; m u r q do. 7, 49; TT V I I 22, 3: xlv
SD megzeg (b-) Dev. N. fr. mepze:- Chin.-Ujg. Dirt. hu chiao 'black (lit. foreign)
(begze:-); 'likeness, rese~nblance; something pepper' (Gilt-s 4,930 1,350) m u r q R IV 2195;
 MON.
I,ijir/i 183: Xak. S I m u r g (11-/~tl/rrl 'pepper' curtain; the only for111 is icpparcntlv a Ckr. i t i
Kaf. I f q 3 ; a.o. I1 186 (soktur-): Gag. xv ff. -u: spclt muya:wu rlr muya'u:, ]lilt as neither
b u r c Jrrljul; b u r g ditto, also 1st1 o t and in can be dcr. fr. any ordinarily shaped Turkish
Htimi b u b e r Son. 13zv. 13: Kom. X I V 'pepper' V. the word may be a rnere onornatopr~eic.
bur$ C C I ; G r . : KIP. xlrl (among cooking Xak. X I mii:g og11: muya:\vu t u g d ~ :'a kit-
ten ic horn rnewirlg' (Kc11. rcnladtr'l-ltirra
Hou. 17, 18: x ~ vburg (-c) 01-ftrljrd fll.
materials) a/-/ltl/rrl(hlS., in error, al-qtrg b u r c
29;
BrrI. 7, 1 : O s m . xrv to xvr b u r g 'pepper' in
ya'iirri unrd' lonirrihi 'the kitten nie\vs like its
niotl~er')Kaf, I1 14, 18; n.ri1.e.
several tests T T S I r z 6 ; 11 178; I V 134.
DIS. MY(-;
Dis. M R D S m a y a k Scc *bat?ak.
F m e r d e ~ITnp. Irg.; prcsunla1)ly I.-w. fr.
I'e. innrrlrrh 'a little man', 1)iln. f. of mnrcl. I'LIS nluyga: ( b - ) t lap. Ire.; a pcjr2rativc Adj.
Xnk. xi m e r d e k 'the young of a bear' perhaps Incaning 'hcndstron~' or the likc.
(rcalodrr'l-dtrbb); it is called a d l g m e r d e k l : ~lorpholo~ically it niigllt l>e a I>ev. N./A. fr.
'bear-cub' (01-dnysnm); and some Turks call *muy- (*buii-) parallel to m u y g a k , if that
'the sucking pig' (01-xinams) toguz ~ n e r d e k i : can be taken as a Dev. N./A. fr. the same V.
Knf. 1480. Uyg. vrri ff. Ilud. TT 1'1 254-5 (ly-).
Dis. h1RM S ? I > m u y g a k (buiigak) 'the female maral
F m a r l m 1Iap. leg.?; I.-w. fr. Sanskrit deer'. It is twicc spclt iitrtn~akin the Vienna
innrmi 'a joint, or other external part of the A1S. o f KO, and althuupll this may be merely
hody'. 'I'his is not the word in Uyg. IX Suci 7 an error of a kind common in that AIS. it may
and 9 m a r t m a : , m a r l m l n g a : which is the he a reminiscence of the original form of the
Syriac I.-w. mdr 'teacher' with the 1st Pers. word, which is nlorphologically a I>ev. N./A.
Poss. Suff., 'to my teacher, like my teacher'. (connoting habitual action), cf. muyga:. Sur-
IJyg. V I I I ff. Bud. TT 111, p. 26, note 5, 11 vives in NE 'l'el. m u y g a k R I V 2170; Khak.
(yiize:gii:). m u y g a x ; other languages use the Mong. I.-w.
n~oral. U y a . V I I I ff. Man. A l I 3 5 , 5 (dder-):
Dis. hIRZ Bud. m u y g a k USp. ~ o s c .5; m u y g a k k ~ y a
F m a r a : z Hap. leg.; in thc meaning 'paid Dirn. f. do. 3: Xak. xr m u y g a k (MS. maytah)
labourer' it is a I.-w. fr. Sogdian maraz, see 01-nlrrraj ntina'l-nhs ~ca'l-ncmd min &rua'fi'l-
Benveniste in Jortrrml nsialiqtte, vol. 236, -1mrucifir 'a man with I)ow lcgs and a short-
pt. z, 1948, p. 18.4; xiylir in the longer phr. is -haired hoofed animal' KO$.III 175 (;lo doubt
a synonymous Sogdian I.-w. X a k . XI m a r a : z the same word, with a suggestion of its charac-
al-'izlim 'indigo': mara:z 'a paid labourer' ter as a Dev. N./A.):K B s l g u n m u y g a k 'the
(a[-'ncir); one says x1ya:r mara:z K ~ F1411. . male 2nd female maral deer' 79 (agna:-),
5374.
Mon. M S T r i s . V. MY&
V U F mu:? one of several words for 'cat1, S D mayaka:- (baAaka:-) Hap. leg.; Den.
see getuk, and no doubt a I.-w., but not Pe.. V. fr. m a y a k (xbaiiak); 'to defecate'. Uyg.
where inti? means 'mouse, rat'. As such Hap. V I I I ff. Civ. TT V I I 42, 5 (art).
leg., but some of the modern words listed as
cognate to mag]: may be more cognate to this Dis. MYL
word. Cigil XI rnii:q 01-hirra 'female cat'; in
O ~ Uqetuk
Z Kng. 111127; 0.0. I 3 9 1 (ktiviik) S D may11 (bafill) Ilap. leg.; 'over-ripe';
and, with Xak. words and provs., in 1438, 14; apparently Intrans. Dev. N./A. fr. m a y -
I I I.+, 18; 105, 24; I11 165 (kiiviik); 267. 19. (*hati-); cf. m a y ~ l - . X a k . XI may11 (vd'
unvocnlized) yPnii!j 'the word for any f&it
Dis. hlSC when it has become soft (la'nn) after it has
ripened (nodira) and passed its prime' (cdruazn
V V F m n y g Map. leg.; no doubt a I.-w. X a k . Izaddahrr), for cxalnple a peach or soft large
X I 01-'innbu'l-2irbib 'high quality black grapes' melon Knp. 111168.
are called m a y C iizum Kag. 1360.
Dis. V. MYL-
Dis. MSG SD m a y l l - (bafiil-) Pass. f. of m a y - (*baii-);
V U F r n 1 g k 1 ~Hap. leg.; I.-w. fr. Sogdian 'to be over-ripe', cf. mayll, may[$-. There
tnwfkyfc' 'wild cat'; cf. manu:. Uye. vrrI ff. are traces of m a y - and its der. f.s in several
Civ. H I 57-8 (ergiiz-). modern languages; N E I c a ~ . Klz., , Koib., Sag.
maylk-lmayll- 'to be exhnustcd, weak' R
Dls. MYA !V 2014; I<hak. mayax-: N C Klr. m a y l -
S mhyi See *bhiii:. to be damaged' do.; m n y t a r - 'to bend'
(Trans.); m n y n - l n i a y l g - 'to bend (Intrans.),
to be bent'; Kzx. m a y - 'to be exhausted,
Dis. MYB weak' R I,V 1y86; m a y l r - 'to hend' (Trans.);
P U m u y a w - Hap. leg.; 'to mew'; an obvious mnyrs- to bend' (Intmns.): NW K n m
onomatopoeic. T h e pronunciation is quite un- m a y t g - 'to be bent, to collapse' R I V zo15.
 RION. M Z 773
T h e same connotation runs through a N.Ag. fr. muya:n (buyan). Xak. X I
the whole jiroup. Xak. xr ka:%u:n rnay~ldl: m u y a n p l ~ k al-tamasstr! wn'l-wlh bajna'l-
'the fresh water-melon went bad (infasaxa), -racrtlayn 'mediation and reconciliation be-
that is when it is kept overnight and becomes , tween two people'; one says sen,muyan$tltk
over-ripe', also used of any fruit Kay. I11 go k11 'mediate between us'; its orlgln I S muya:n
(mayllu:r, may~lma:k). al-forcdb 'recompense for good deeds' Kay.
111 170.
Dis. MYM
S D F muyanllk (b-) Hap. leg.; A.M. (Conc.
VUSD moyum (b-) Hap. leg.; N.S.A. fr. N.) fr. muyam (buyan); 'a charitable institu-
*moy- (*boA-); 'confused' and the like, cf. tion'. Xak. X I K B 489 (bugad-).
rnoymnl-, boyma+-. Uyg. ~ J I ff. J Uud.
Chinese hun 'confuscd' (Giles 5,239) is trans- Dis. MY$-
lated m o y u m adrrtslz Hiien-ts., Briefe,
p. 34, note 1929. S D maylg- (baAlg-); Co-op. f. of may-
(baii-); 'to collapse' and the like. S.i.s.m.l.,
Dis. V. MYM- see mayll-. Xak. XI e r yC:rke: rnaylpdt: 'the
man stuck (laziqa) to the ground', because of
VUSD moymal- (b-) Hap. leg. ; Pass. Den. V. obstinacy or laziness (nritr hiranihi cca kasalihi),
fr. m o y u m ; cf. boymag-. Uyg. v111ff. Bud. that is whcn he is ordered to do something
iijikde m o y m a l m ~ g l a r k a aqa yada soz- and refuses to accept the order (mayl$u:r,
leyiir erdi 'he spoke and expounded (Hend., may19ma:k; the yd' carrying both kasla
the true doctrine) to those confused by the and damma): yamagdt:, metathesized form
letter (of the scriptures)' Hiien-1s. 1929-30. of m'aylgdl: (yama:qu:r, yamagma:k; so
vocalized owing to confusion with 1yamag- ?)
Dis. MYN Kaf. I11 189.
S muya:n Sec buyan. Mon. hlZ
T r i s . MYN S moz See b o : ~ .
S D P m u y a n q l l ~ k(b-) Hap. leg.; A.N. fr. S m u z See b u
 'I'he twly hasic 'I'urkish \<ords heginning with 'why?' rk. 5 , 2 ctc.; t u s u s l rie b a r 'what
n - are ne: and ne:!), and cven ne:g may he advantage has i t ? ' PI' 2 1 , I ; Sanskrit y d v o r m
ultiniatelv dcr. fr. ne:. T h e other words listed 'and as much as' ne: y a g l l g yenlc: T T 1'111
Irelow are either der. f.s, Sec. f.s, or I.-w.s. A.2; ne: yiiriig 'what interpretation?' do.
Several other I.-\v.s occur in UyS., some fre- 11.6; n e a y l t m l g k e r g e k '\rhilt ought one to
qucntly, but are not listed belom since they ask?' TT X 16; o.o. do. 5 5 . 197. etc.: n e y e m e
never occur except in Man. or Bud. religious follc~wedby Conditional 'whatever' (may . . .)
works and so never really became part of the TT I l i 10, 8 etc.; n e e r s e r a s l g k a t u s u k a
language. These include Sanskrit 1.-w.s like k l r m e d i 'did not enter into any kind of ad-
n a m o 'homage' and n l r v a n 'nirwa'na', and vantage (fiend.)' Stru. 612, 2-3: Civ. n e
Iranian (mostly Sogdian) I.-w.s like n ~ g o ~ a kh u s u g 01 'what gricf is there?' T?' I 187;
'Hearer' (a Man. technical term), nog 'elixir', n e a d a b o l g a y 'what danger will come?' do.
and ntzvant 'emotion, passion'. In the latest C'II 30, 2-ne k i m ig k t l s a 'whatever he
Uyi. texts and in later languages there arc does' dr). 28, 37 (in these texts negu: is much
also a few Rlong. 1.-\v.s like niikiir 'personal conlnioner than ne:): Xak. X I ne: a I'article
servant, friend' and in the Islamic period (!mrj)n~eaningmri &3 'what ?';liencc one says
many Ar. and Pe. I.-w.s the only one likely nc: tC:rsen 'what do you say ?': ne: a Particle
tr, cause confusion is Pe $5 'not', which occurs expressing surprise (a/-ta'arctrb), hence one
as early as K B 17, IS, ctc., usually with a says ne: m e : ec_lgU: kigi: 01 'what a good man
Neg. V. (etc.) he is!' or ne: m e : y a v u z ne:g 01 bu:
'what a had thing this is!' Kop. I11 214; and
ahout 2 0 0.0. as either an Interrog. Pron. o r
M o n . NA Adj., e.n. ne: u g u r d a : ke1di:g 'at what time
ne: originally an Interrog. Pron. 'what?' used did you come?' I 53, 14: K B n e 'what?' is
in speaking of inanimate objects in the same common in conversation, c . 6 tlleki n e e r m l g
way that k i m is used of animate beings, and 'what was his wish?' 503; 0.0. 507, etc.-ne
like that word also used as a Pron. Adj. and e r s e 'anyone' or 'anything', declined as a N.,
later, under the influence of Indo-European is common, e.g. n e e r s e d i n e r m e z s e n f ~
qrammar, as a Relative and occasionally in an birlikig n e e r s e l e r l g s e n t a r i i t t u ~ ,s e n t 9
exclamatory sense. In all these meanings it is 'Thou has no oneness with anyone; any that
sometimes also used of animate beings. As well 'I'hou hilst created arc Thine' 13: x r r ~ ( ? )At.
as the derivatives below somc oblique cases n e 'what?' as a l'ron. or Adj. is coninion, c.g.
arc almost used as Advs. 'l'he word and its t a v a r a s a t n e 01 '\\hat is the advnntase of
der. f.s are discussed at length in w. G. A TG, wealth?' 2x7; n e n e g b a r 'what thinp is there ?'
sce Index, p. 212. C.i.a.p.a.l. I'urkii ~ I I ne: I (as good as k n n ~ v l c d ~ yroo--blllgsiz
) ne aysa
x n g a n k a : tqig kuqig b6rii:rmen 'to which '~vhatevcr the ignorant tiinn sags' rtg-ne
.ungnn shall I offer my services ?' I E 9, II E 9 ; k l m k e l s e e r k e 'whatever comes to a tiian'
(we are an army of two or three thousand) .
145; Y i f . n e ' n h a t ? ' ; n e k l m ( . . e r s e ) 'what-
k e l t e ~ i m i zb a r m u : ne: 'would it be (a good ever'; n e r s e 'so~iie, aornethit)~' 227-8: X I V
thinp) for us to come?' T 14; b e n saga: ne: 11!lt111. n v 'what ?' ne: n4rl. 5 . 7 ; Rif. 75 ;
aysyt:n 'what shall I say to you?' T 32; (It~tcrrog.)mri '~vhnt?'nb: ( s i c ) 16, 15; 9 4
.
neke: t e z e r b i z . . neke: korku:r biz . .. (fi>llo\ved hy exaniplcs); lie: has at1 Interrog.
n e b a s t n a l ~ mt e g e l i m 'Why are we running meaning and corresponds to nyy fny' 'what?',
awn? ? . . . \Vhy are we afraid ? . ;. U'hy should e.g. 'what arc you doins?' nc: kt1u:rsen;
wc he downcast? Let us attack. T 38-9; a.o. 'what do you want?' ne: ti:le:rnen 17, 1 9 ;
T 57: V I I I ff. aiil:g klltn$lt:g q t m n u : ne: 96: Gag. xv if. the entries in I'rl. arc confused;
y ~ v l a k~IIIVU: s a k t : n t ~ :'what evil blasphc~ny nC is translated hy ne, and oblique cases, etc.,
did that wicked denion think of?' Tnyok I I J of n6 hy corresponcling ~hlicluecases of nr,
v. 2-7 ( E T Y 11 178): Man. n e b a r e r m i $ e.g. nCge neyr that is ne ifiiitr 'why ?', also nr
tCpen b i l t i m i z 'we knew what existed' (before nesneye 'to what thing?', hut the Acc. Suff.
there was a heaven and earth) Chrtas. 163; -nr/ni is also entered as a separate word and
(if our prayers have not reached God) n e so translated frtla'n 'so-and-so', and the Gm.
yCrde t l d ~ n t u~t u n t l e r s e r 'hut have been Suff. -n~g/-nl[) translated firlantrg 391 ff.;
obstructed or detained somewhere' do. nC is a word which when placed at the he-
217-18; (we knew) t e ~ r i l iyekli n e d e 6 t r u ginning of a sentence means ~ i h 'what?', the
sli[)ugmig 'why heaven and the demon fought' Pe. Interrog. Pron. (and at the end of a word
164-5; 0.0. do. 169, 172, etc.; n e iiqiin t e s e r -1111-ni is the Acc. Suff.) S o n . 3z2r. 3 (various
'if one says "~vhy?"' M 111 6, 7 (i): Uyg. der. f.s and phr. like n 6 iiqiin 'why ?' follow):
V I I I ff. Man.-A n e iiqiln t e s e r M I 23, 29; X ~ v a r .S I V n e 'what?'. n e r s e 'tliitlg' Qtttb
n e er s e n 'what man are you?' dolo.33, 19: I 13 : 11lN 250, etc. : K o m . srv n e (also n e g e ,
Ilud. n e iiqiln '\\-hy?' PP 4. 5 etc.; n e k c netlen) occilrc R S a11 Ilitcrro~.,Itidelinite, and
 DIS. NCG 775
Relative Pron./Pron. Adj. CCI, C C G ; Gr. 6glenip 'after some time he completely
168-9 (quotns.): KIP. xrrr ayi ne: Hou. ,56, recovered consciousness' Suv. 619, 18-19;
rg ff.: xrv ne: ayy gay' Id. 89; ayg ne:; ald neqede 6lser 'as soon as he dies' U III 43,
ayj neqtin (-c-) Bul. I 5, 6; 5'1 li-ta'accub ne:; 19; a.0. do. 80, 3: Civ. b u ydrke neqe U N &
1;-acal ayj ne:ntiIJ wU@n (sic) do. 16, 2-3: b a t s a r 'whatever quantity of seed is planted
xv ne: (bi-imdfa, i.e, ne: not nu:) q v ~ also
; ne: in this land' USp. 28, 5: X a k . xr neqe: a
Kau. 16, 8 (various der. f.s and phr..follow): Particle (&rf) meaning kam. fi'l-'adad 'how
O s m . xrv ff. n e with various idiomat~cmean- many?'; hence one says neqe: yarma:k
ings and in phr.; c.i.a.p. T7S 1 525 ff.; II bdrdig 'how many dirhams did you give?'; tca
702 ff.; 111 517 ff.; I V 584 ff. yakfin ayda(n) istijhhdma(n) 'and it is also
Interrogative' (sic) Kag. III 7.20; similar 0.0.
I) nli: IIap. leg.; no doubt, as Kas. says, a I 49 (1 dm); 111 157 (sa:n)-avq1: neqe: a1
craais of ne:$ii:. Xak. xr nu: a I'article (harf) bilse: ad18 anqa: yo:l b1li:r 'however many
used instead of ne: and meaning md dZ; tricks the hunter knows the bear knows as
hence one says nii: t6:rsen 'what do you say ?'; many ways out' 1 63, 13; a.0. I 332, 12-
originally ne:gii: but abbreviated Kag III 215. neqe: yitig biqe:k erse: 'however sharp a
knife is' 1 384, 24; 0.0. 1 458, 13; I11 38, 20
T r i s . NB$ (neGe: me:): K B neqe 'however much, or
F n d v a ~ i g i'a good spirit'; ultimately der. many', usually w. Conditional, is common 23,
f. Middle Pe. nito rcd.~~ic, proh. through the r 14, 347, 736, etc. ; neqe m e same mearung
'I'okharian A form naivd.cik (see I'T ,Y, pp.57). 918, etc.; sometimes almost 'whenever', e.g.
The word is discussed in Sir Harold Bailey, 247: xlrr(?) At. neqe is commqn, usually w.
Indoiranica, BSOAS XVIII, 1957. N.0.a.b. Conditional 'however much'; how much?'
Uyg. vrrr ff. Bud. nayvagigi tegrilerke 'to 180; 'why?' 181; neqe m e 'however much'
the good spirits and gods' U 11 80, 64 (and 38, 174; Tpf, n6ye 'how many?; however
see note, p. 83); a.0. T T X 271: XIV Chin.- much'; n t q e m e 'however much'; ndqe k h
bard1 e r s e 'whoever (or however many?)
U y f . Dict. shFn 'supernatural being' (Giter went'; b i r ndqe 'a few' 229; (nbge 'why?'
9,819) n n y v ~ g i g lU 11, p. 83, note 64; Ligeti
184: Xwar. XIII(?)yaxgl n e v ~ i g i l e r d i n(so 230): xrv Muh. knm istqhdmiya nege: Mel.
read?) kariikliigrek e r d i 'he was more 17, 6 ; R f . 9s;(li-ma'why ?' nege: 43,7 (only)):
beautiful than the good spirits' Of. 7-8 Gag. xv ff. (neqe nice in the sense of 'because'
(gird) Vel. 393); ndce (spelt) cih qadr wa hur
'and 'how much?; however much' (quotn.);
Dis. NCA n6qe (spelt) p n d td 'how many times?'
D ne:qe: Equative f. of ne:; properly an (quotn.) San. 3 2 2 ~ . 15: Xwar. xrlI neqe
Interrog. Pron. 'how many?', but with (n8.ye 'how?') 'Ali 37: b i r neqe 'some' do. 54:
Indefinite and Relative connotations in some XIII(?)b i r neqe 'some' 0s.153: XIV nbqe 'how
contexts, see v. G. ATG, paras. 195 etc.; many 7; howevermanv' Quth I 14; MN*, etc.;
sometimes declined as a N. S.i.a.m.1.g. except ndqe m e kim muhimm 'however important'
NE(?); but note that 'how Inany ?' is neye in Nahc. 241, 2; (nege 'why?' do. 237, 3-8; 238,
SW Az., nice in Osni., and that in both 6 etc.): Kom. xrv 'how- much?' neqe CCI;
languages nece means 'in what language?' neqe m e 'however much'; anqa . .. neqe
Nege 'why? how?' etc. which occurs in some 'so much . . . as' C C G ; Gr. 169 (quotns.):
medieval and modern languages seems to be Kip. xrlr kam neqe: (-c-) Hou. so, 15; 55, 8 ff.;
not a Sec. f. of this word but a erasis of n e ige bi-kam 'for how much?' neqe:ye: do. 55, I3 ff.:
fr. 2 kg. Tilrkii vrrr ff. Man. neqe yiigiirtir xrv nece: ('with -q-') kam Id. 89; (Tkm.
ertt anqa 'the more he ran, the more' (he n6ge: li-ma do. go); kam neqe: (-c-) Bul. 15,
vomited) M 1 7 , 12-13; phr. like beg tegrlg 5 : xv karn nege: (-I- is the usual scription for
. . . neqe sldlmlz bertdimiz e r s e r 'inas- -6- in Kav.) Kav. 16, 21 ff.; if you ask a
much as (or to the extent that) we have injured question about a number you say nege ( - c - )
and hurt the five gods' Chrtas. 51-2 are com- Tuh. 57a. 13 ff.; hullom6 'whenever, nhat-
mon in this text: Uyg. V I J I ff. Man.-A nece ever' nege ki do. Rgh. 9: O s m . xlvff. nice/
otaqi otin birle kelser 'however many niqe 'how?: what?; several; often' and in
physicians come with their remedies' M I 15, several idioms including niqe m e ; c.i.a.p.
6-7; neqeke tegi 'to the extent that' (men and TTS I 5 2 6 ff.; 11705 ff.; I11 521; I V 588ff.
women fail to partake of the strength of the
five gods) do. 16, 36: Man. nege . .. i$er Dis. NCD
.
kudiigler e r s e r 'however many . . under- F n1jda:g Hap. leg.; obviously an Iranian
takings there may be' TT I I 36, 41-5: Bud. (ISogdian) I.-w. Cf. bi1e:gu:. Xak. st n d -
neqe .. . b a r e r s e r 'however many. . . there p:g, 'with -1-', al-mr).had (MS. ma~had)
may be' TT IV 16, 62; VIII H.ro (ne:qe:); whetstone' Kay. 1465.
Suv. 530, z etc.-Sanskrit (let a man strive)
tdvat y&ad arthasya nitpati 'so much RS will Dis. NCG
achieve his purpose' anqa:ka tegi ne:$e:ke:
tegi a s l g n ~btitmeki b o l s a r (p- . . . p-) I3 nequk unusual der. f. of ne: with Suff.
T T 17III E.44; a.0. do. 45-neqe teglig 'like -qiik (very rare; function obscure); properly
what!' (Interrog.) U 11173, 2; 'howl' (excla- 'how ?', occasionally 'why ?' or as a Relative
matory) T T X 345-neqede kdn t e m i n or Indefinite Adv. Proh. a very old word. T h e
 DIS. NCG
Instr, nrqiikin and an odtl 1)en. V. form k a m u g 'and c r c r y t h i n ~canic intn exi~tence
nequkletli:, both rare, arc includcd here for as he ~vished'6 ; a.o. 22: X I I I ( ? 7bf. ) neteg
cnnvcnicnce. Survives only( ?) in S E 'I'urki: ' h w v ? ; just as, as' 228: xrv Alrrh. Any/ n6te:
S C I!zh.: NW Kar. I,., '1'. T u r k i l vrrl ff. A1lrl. 17, 6 ; Ri/.0s: s v fl, n c t e k ('with
( I an1 a young gazcllc) otsu:z s u v s u : ~kaltl: -kb[,nicr ~ P S ~ I(sic?)
P ' h o w ? ; hn\vr.' (quotn.);
uyt:n neqii:k yor1:yl:n 'how can I get on n e t u k nicr (quotn.) I/>/. 302--3; n 6 t e k /
\virhout razing o r water? Fro\\- arn I to walk?' riCtiik (<pelt) rill nrrlrw n.n rih Rrtrtn 'it] \\.tiat
I r k l l 4 5 : I J y a . v r ~ r f f . Rlan.-;\ (thc god ~va!.? hn\r?' Srrrr. 322r. 2h (qu~btns.):X w n r .
S n r ~ n r ~ z t lIind
a n ~ncrciful heart) grmnui: S I I I n e t e '/llr 17: r ~ t16lefi
v ' l r , ~ \ v ?prtrh
' r 14;
neqiikledl iilurdi 'horv did hc (come to) kill 1llN 227,
the demon?' A1 I 19, l o : Chr. (KO and scek
him) neqiikln b u l s a r s i z l e r (so read) 'how- 'Tris. NDG
ever you find him' (come back and tell me) 1) n e t c g l i k A.N. fr. ne:te:g; s u r v i ~ r sin
11 I 6, z ; a.o. do. 6, 5 ( u n - ) : Bud. 61 torif S I V Osrn. n e t c l l k / n i t e l l k 'csscncc, essential
neqiik t u t a r b i z 'how shall \vc maintain the nature'. Xnk. S I KU ('l'hine cxistencc 1s
rcalrn and customary law?' I'P 9, 6 ; 0.0. do. manifest; 'I'hou art as bright as tlic sun nnd
54, 4 : (1 I11 48, 1 2 ; U I V ro, 76-kaltl tnoon) n e t e g l i k k e y e t g u k 6 ~ u 1o g d e y o k
n e q u k 'just as' Srr~r.139, 7 and 19-nequkin 'in thc (human) u n d c r s t a t ~ d i t ~thcrc p is no
'hrlw?' 1'1' 12, 6 ; Krtnn. 98; IIiirn-Is. 71, etc.- thought which can reach ( T h y ) nature' 1 2 ;
neqiikletli (?sic, transcrihctl nr~ekledi) o d - o.o. I!,; n e t c g l l k k e k i r m e 'do not try to
g u r a k t e g i n g i i l u k b o l u r 'how must one invcst~aatethc nature (of God)' 26: xrlt(?)
drfinitely attain? U I I l 4 , 8-9; nequkletli ... Tef. n e t e g l i k 'nature, character' 229: X w a r .
i g t o g a k e t m e z 'how is it that the diseases s r l r n e t e l l k ditto 'Ali 18.
(I Icnd.) . . . d o not disappear?' U 11' 10,62-3 :
Yapa:ku: sr n e q u k a Particle (!rnrf) meaning
li-nrrr '\vhy?'; hence one says n e q u k b a r d 1 9 Mon. NG
'why did you e n ? ' Knq. 1 3 9 2 ; a.n. rlo. (nelilk); F n x g I.-\\-. fr. Sanskrit trrijin, properly
(in a X a k . \.erse) k o r u p n e c u k k a q m a d l g 'snake', hut nlsn used for various mytholopical
'nhv did you not fly when you saw m e ? ' heings, serpent gnds and the like; as onc of
1 7 9 . 2 0 : ~ I I I ( ?Tef.
) neqiik ' h o w ? ; how' 228: the animals in the twelx-e-year cycle it replaced
F a g . s v ff. 116quk ('nit11 -k') nice z'e niyi~n the earlier word lu: in Xak., the only lnnguagc
how? \vhy ?' VPI. 393 (quotn. containing in \I-hich it occurs, and proh. reached that
nequkleq-); nkqiik ~ r hglinn rco yih nn!rru langungc through Sngdinn. X a k . sr nn:g ol-
'how? in what \ m y ? ' (quotn.); (nequkleq- ~ i 1 1 -tinrsql 'crocodile'; na:g yr1a:n al-lu'bo'n
no?rw kordan 'to do in what n a y ? ' (quotn.)) 'a serpent'; na:g y ~ l l :'the name of one of the
Son. 322v. 8-13: X w a r . s l r r neqiik 'Ali 17: tu.elve years i n Turkish'; the year A.H. 469,
XI^ n6qiik 'how?' Qrrtb 113; MN 284, etc.: in which I wrote this hook, was this year Kng.
K o m . S I V ' h o w ? ; as; like', etc. neqik C C I , I 1 1 155 ; ;t.o. (year) I 346, 6 .
C(,'(;; (;r. 169-71 (quotns.): KIP. S I I I knyf
'how?' neqiik IIoti. 55, 16 ff. (quotns.): x ~ v Dis. N G E
ditto i d . Sq; Blrl. 15. 6 : s v k r q j n e ~ i i kKRII.
17. 6 if. (quotns.); knyf n r q i k Trrh. 56b. 2 ; I)tiefiii: 1)cli. N./:\.fr. ne:, and for prnctical
a.0.o. purposes s y r ~ \\-. it. N.r1.;1.13. See negiiliik.
l'iirku vllr tf. (a hlirid colt lonketl for a n
Dis. NL)G ucldcr on a stallion; if hc is lost(?) in hroad
C ne:tc:g n cc~~nt,in:ition of ne: with the Post- daylight) t u n o r t u : k a n t a : ncgii:de: b o l g a y
~wsitiontc:g, q.v.; properly Intcrl-ogative 'like 01 'where (licnd.) will lie get to at nlidnipht?'
\\hat?' 1,ut often 11si.d as a Relative Adv. 'as, I r k 8 24: I J y g . V I I I ff. I h ~ t l .o g r l t k p tbtlii-
jrlrt as'. Survives only(?) in SR' Osm. n e t e l k u l ~ i i zn e g i i 01 ' n h a t is it that you called
n i t e 'ex-m'; n e t e k i r n / n i t c k i m / n i t e k i 'just a thief?' I'P 59, 4-5; n e n e g u ig iglegell
as, cvcn as; for csaniple; thus'. 'I'iirkuvlrr ff. u g r a s a r 'if he starts to d o any \rorkS U I I
kerc:kU: iqi: n e : t e g 01 'what is the insidc of 2 7 , 26; n e g i i e r a e r t h m e d i n 'withor~tsaying
the tent frnnic like?' 1rRn I S ; a.o.0.: U y e . :,;~ythinp'do. 31, s o ; a.n. (lo. 5 . 1 4 (iitgliril:);
V I I I f?. h1an.-,\ n e t c g 'just as' 111 I 2 3 , 6 n r g i i iiqiin 'wh!.?' IJ I11 15, 2h; bu etKz
(agrz): Ilr~tl.Sz~nskritkrz~hnin'hn\\-?' ne:te:g y e m e n e g u k c k e r g c k l l g o l 'and what i s this
7'1' 1/111 A.23; ~ 0 t h ;'as' n e t c g do. B.12; body needed for?' do. 43, 27-8; o.n. U I V ro,
ne:teg (to. E.45; (I am read>- t r ~do) n e t e g 42 etc.; (the form negiil before a pap in
y a r l l k n s a r 'as he conimands' U I V 16, 1 5 s ; I l i i ~ n - t s .108 is prob. the hepinning of negii-
k a l t ~n e t e g. .. a n q u l a y u 'just as ... so' l u k , h u t in TT V I 31 v.1. it seems to be a
T?' I V 12, 37; V 24, 51 etc.; a.o. U I I I crasis of negii: 01): Civ. (if one burns a dog's
,;7, 6 (i) (osugluR): X a k . X I n e t e g 'an tooth and) n e g i i k e t i i r t s e r 'rubs it on any
Interrogative Particle (Irnrf istifhEnr) mraning (part of the 1,otly)' TT V I I 23, 3; n e g u
/:n?f 'how?'; hence one says n e t e g s e n 'ho\v s a k l n c s a k l n s a r '\vhatever thought he has'
:ire ? - ~ u ?KO$. ' I 392; ro 0.0. : K R m u n q 28, 4 ; an@ similar 0.0. a.Conditional; n e g u
~ u k erm~d i n e t e g 6 t e y i n 'how am I now to k i m , n e g k m e 'any, anything' sre common in
prnffer thanks for this?' 390; e m d l k o ~ l t i ~ClSp.: Xak. XI Knp. I11 215 (nii:); n.m.c.:
netep. 'horn are you feeling now?' 523: a.0. Kl3 n e g i i t 6 r 'what (sornrone) says' is very
8-39:srr(?) K n l ' P n e t e g k i m t i l c d i me bold1 comnion 156. 165, r t c . ; n e g u b a r a j u l ~ d a
 D I S . NhIA 777
biligde kUs(ig 'what is there in (this) world I n Turkish it is used in both Man. and Bud.
more desirable than wisdom?' 260; negiike texts with a similarly wide range of meanings.
'why ?' 467, 583, etc.; (if the water is dirty) It is not connected with Tokharian A :om
negiin y u p a r i r 'what can a rnan wash with mentioned in T T X 58 note; this is a pure
to be clean?' 2108; 0.0. 583, 663 (yum-), Tokharian word meaning (and cognate to the
1069 (udlk), 1394 (ek-), 3488 (kB:gev-): Engl~shword) 'name'. It became an early I.-w
X I I T ( ? At.
) (hear) biliglig negii tBp a y u r in Mong. where it came to mean 'law; scrip-
'what the wlse man says' 129; (tell me) b u ture; religion; book', etc. NE Tel, n o m 'law'
negiike k e r e k 'what is this necessary for?' R 111 695; 'Tuv. n o m 'book' are reborrowings
3 14: T P ~negti, 'what?'; neglnegii also occurs fr. Monp. and not survivals. T h e original word
at the beginning of questions with no specific is n.0.a.h. Tiirkii V I I I ff. [gap] n o m l o l Toj.ok
~ncaninp228: (Gag. xv ff. n a g u (sic) nr ii~iin I V r. heading ( E T Y 11 180): Man. norn is
'why?' Vel. 390 (quotns.): n a g u gira 'why?' fairly common in Chuas.; it is generally best
Son. 3 2 1 ~ .14 (same quotns.), seems to be translated 'doctrine', e.g. a r l g n o m 'the pure
a corruption of this word). doctrine' as opposed to igid n o m 'false doc-
trine', hut in 72 tegri n o m l n sazleser seems
Tris. N G L to mean 'when (we) recite the holy scriptures'
and in 228-9 (kt-) the exact meaning is
11 negiiluk A.N. fr. negii: used as an inter- n o m tiirii 'doctrine and rules1 do.
rogativc only, usually as an Ad%'.; 'why?'. 74 (t1:d-); 128 (tut-); T T II 10, 91 (ur-):
N.0.a.b. Uyg. vrlr ff. Chr. (this is a lump of U y g . V I I ~ff. Man.-A (of a Man. dignitary)
stone) negiiliik 01 'why is it?' (that our n o r n u l u g l 'chief exponent of the doctrine'(?)
animals cannot carry it) U I 8, 6: Bud. M I 12, 17; norn b i t i g 'scripture' do. 25,
Sanskrit him '\\,hy?' negiiliik T T VIII 0 . 8 ; 10; a.0.o.: Rlan. norn r a t n i k e 'to the jewel
ditto ne:gfiliik n.30; negaliik t u g d u m (Sanskrit I.-w.) of doctrine' T T I X 32; (the
m e n 'why was I horn?' PP 4, 8 ; 0.0. do. 30, pure) n o m l n d ~ n l n'doctrine and religion' 88;
I ; 66, 6 ; 68, 8 (bar@sa:-); negiiliik 01 0.0. in TT I l l : Chr. nf 111 49, 9-12 (ii)
'why?' (when you have come so far, give UP (ornag-): Bud. norn is used to translate
and turn back?) Hiien-is. 96; 0.0. U III 41, dharma in the Buddhist triad Buddha dharrna
3-4 (tirig); I V 8, 27: X a k . xr K B negfiliik satigha 'Buddha, law, and community' TT I V
t h e s e n 'if you ask "urhy ?"' 196,296; negii- 14, 63, and is common in all the meanings of
liik 'why' (do you put aside these good things ?) dharma '(religious) law, doctrine', etc., e.g.
neliik 'why' (do you not accept this advice?) b u r x a n n o m n o m l a m a k l i g 'preaching the
3984. Buddhist doctrine' T T V 26, 86-7: Civ. b u
n o r n bitigke t a p l n l p u d u n u p 'respecting
Dls. NLG and worshipping this scripture' T T VII 14,
(S)D neliik 'why?'; exactly syn. w. negiiliik l o ; a.o.0. in semi-Buddhist texts: Xak. xr
and almost certainly a crasis of it, since there no:m al-milla tua'l-pri'a 'religion; religious
is no other reasonable explanation of the -ti-, law'; hence one says tegri: no:mr: 'God's
cf. nu: < negii:. Survives in nellkten 'why ?' religious la\\, and faith' (din). Similarly all
in NC I<lr., Kzx.: N W Kk. T u r k u vrIl ff. religions (a[-milol) are called no:m. This is
I r k n 57 (kart@): Uyg. Man.-A ncliik a word of the Chinese (lujattr'l-Sinin) Kog.
keltig blzige 'why have you come to us?' 111 137.
AI I 33, 2 0 : Xak. xi neliik a Particle (!mrf) Djs. NhlA
syn. w. neqiik (q.v.) and used hy the other
'I'urks instead of it; it means li-ma ' n h y ? ' C ne:me: a comhination of ne: with the
I<og. I 392; fivc n.o., mostly ne:liik, hut in Enclitic 1 me:; originally an Indefinite Pron.
I o.1, 2 mis-spelt ne: eliik: K B neIiik'why?'is 'something, any thin^', or the like; rare in the
fairly common 241, 369,775, 3984(negiiliik), early period, the list of early occurrences
6440-1, etc.: XIII(?)At. neliik 'why ?' (occurs below being fairly complete. In some modern
fnur times); Trf. ditto 228: X I V hluh. li-ma languages, esp. in NE, it has completely re-
ne:H:k]nelilk/ne:re:k/ne:k MFI. 1 7 , 17; Rif, placed ne: in all its meanings; survives in NE
?h (with horn for ti-ma): X w a r . xr11 neliik most dialects nernelneme R I I I 690-1;
why?' 'Ali 17: srv ditto Qrctb 113; M N 255: Khak. n i m e : SI; Turki n e m e l n i m e B$736;
KIP. xrv neliik 1 ; - t ~ r n in KIP. (i.e. as opposed Jarring 208: NC Klr. n e m e l e m e : SC 1Izb.
to I'km. nhge:) fd. go; li-aJy $fly' '\rphy?' n i m a : NW I<k. n P m e : S\V 7kn1. nemB.
neluk Bul. 15, I I : x v another Intcrropativc UY& VIII ff. Bud. (now I wish to return home)
is neltk meaning li-ma Trth. 5 7 b 7 (quotn.). n e m e n o t g e ~ m i im e n 'shall I (be able to)
get through somehow ?'(or ?how shall I . . . ?)
Hiien-ts. 27; (I do not know) n e m e n t a k l
Mon. NM nege yagaguguz [gap] 'how and how long
1.' no:m the Greek word nomos properly 'law' your life [!will last]' do. 54: Civ. (if he has
was a I.-w. in Syriac and was adopted by the a loss) n e m e t a p m a z 'he does not recover
i\lanichaeans as a technical term with a rather anything' T T VII 28, 40: Xak. xr neme:
wider meaning 'law, doctrine', etc.; from this a Particle (harf) meaning 'I do not knoy' (iri
it passed to Sogdian as nrvtn and was used in adri); hence one says neme: ne: k l l d ~ : I do
Buddhist texts to translate Sanskrit dharma, not know \\,hat he has done' Kaj. 111 236; a.0.
which. has an even wider range of meanings. III 214 (ne:): xrrr(?) Trf. n e m e a Particle,
 'however, nevertheless', etc. 230: X I V fiI11h. (in PP 46. 4-7; 4y, 6 ctc., often in the phr. n o m
a para. on Exclamations of Surprise) such a nom1a:-.
word is neme:, e.g 'what a brave man he isl'
neme: a l p e r t u r u r Mel. 18, I ; Rif. 96: Mon. NN
Gag. xv ff. n e m e nPsnr 'thing' Vcl. 391 ? D ne:g has two mcaninfis: ( I ) Ad\.rrbi;tl, with
{quotns.); nbme/nbmerse (hoth spelt) pi,- Neg. V.s 'anv, at all', and the likc, pec. to
thing', in Ar. iny' Son. 323r 3 (quotns.): Turkii and Uyk.; (2) as a N., 'thinfi, property',
Xwar. ~ I I I ( ?(he
) captured) s a n a g u l u k s u z also found in Xak. ib hoth thpse mcanings
nemeler ytlkllar 'innumerable thin@ and are also found among the various tneanings
livestock' 08. 308: xlv n e m e 'thing' Qtith of der. f.s of ne: it seems reasonahlc to sup-
113; n e m e yaxgt k u l t u r u r b u Ayyllb pose that it is a Den. N. fr. ne:. l'iirkii
'what a good servant this Ayyab isl' Nahc. n e g b u g u g yok 'you have no trouble' I S 8,
333, 8 ; a.0. 376, 4: KIP. xlv n e m e 'thing, II N 6 ; a.o. I E 26 (y111grg)-ne!) net) s a v l m
anything', esp. w. a Neg. V. CCI, CCG; G r . e r s e r beggu: tagka: u r t l m 'I have put on
171 (quotns.): KIP. srv neme: gay' (any)- the memorial stone all that I hnd to say' I S
thing'; one says neme: ybdin m i l 'have you I I, I1 N 8 ; neg yerdeki: x a g a n l l g bodunka
eaten anything?' i d . 90; jay' (nesne:, also) 'for pcoples having a xngnit in every(?)
neme: Bul. 16, I : xv $ay' n e m e (nesne) Tuh. countT' T 56: vrlr ff. Rlan. (the I\.lojak will
21a. 11; a.o. 5 8 b 7. hcar and) n e g t a p l a m a g a y '\vill not approve
at all' 1'T 11 6, 2 6 ; a.o. do. 8, 41: Uyg.
V I I I ff. Man.-A n e g with Neg. V. is common,
Dis. N h l C
e.g. agi b a r a m kozlge neg i l i n m e g e y
DF nomql: N.Ag. fr. no:m; 'preacher', and 'wealth and property will not catch his eye at
the like. N.o.a.b. Tiirkii v r ~ ff.r Man. Chuas. all' M 1 15, 4-5; 0.0. do. 15, 9 ; 16, 11 etc.:
135-6 (artlz-), 324-5 (tegriqi:): Uyg. vIIr ff.
Bud. b u n o m u g a r v r g ~ gn o m l a g l l n o m q l
Man. n e g ... yok.'there is no (trick) at all
(that he cannot play)' M 11 5 , 8-10: Bud.
'a preacher who preaches this doctrine and n e q , in T l ' VIII spclt both n r y and ne:g,
dltdroni' T T VI 373-4; a.o. Ktion. 126-7 with Ncg. V. is common, e.g. Sanskrit na
(w). pra~~ntasi'you do not exert yourself' n e g
kat1gla:ma:z se:n T T VIII D.9; neg
Tris. NMC a d t n s l g k ~ l m a z u n'let him not do anything
F nam1:ja: Hap. leg.; no doubt an Iranian different' Hiien-ts. 284-5: Xnk. XI neg al-fayay'
(?Sogdian) 1.-w. q i g i l XI nam1:ja: a/-siff 'a thing'; hence one says bu: ne: ne:g (sic) 01
coahrvo zamc uxti'l-mar'a 'one's wife's sister's 'what is this thing?'; neg al-mil 'property,
husband' K a l . 1446. wealth' (verse) Kaf. I11 360; over 300 0.0.
almost all spelt ne:g and translated 'thing';
there does not seem to he any case of ne:g
Dis. N M L with Neg. V.: K B n e g is common, both for
DF n o m l u g P.N./A. fr, no:m; 'possessing 'thing', e.g. b u t o r t nen 'these four things'
a . . . doctrine' and other meanings taken fr. 306, and 'property', e.p. evi neg t o l u r 'his
the meanings of no:m. N.0.a.b. Uyg. vrrl ff. house is full of proprrty' 759: xlrl(?) At. neg
klan. ecigii tbtyiik n o m l u g r a t n i g 'the is common both for 'thing' nnd 'property';
jewel (Sanskrit 1.-w.) of the doctrine called Tej. n e n 'thing' (170th alxtract and concrete)
"good"' T T III 108; a z a g n o m l u g l a r d a 228: X w a r . XIV ditto Qiifb 113.
'with thore who have false doctrines' IX 89:
Bud. n o m l u g et6z translating Sanskrit Dis. NRA
dhnrmnkdva, one of the three bodies or natures
of the B d d h a (cf. belgilrtme and 1 t i l ~ ) S naru: See agaru:.
which are discussed at length in Stlv. 38,14 ff.;
(the hand with which one eats) n o m l u g Tris. N R ~
t a t ~ g t g'the sweet food of the (true) doctrine'
T T V az, 45; a.o.0. in T T V and ITueiipn-fs. $S)D narukl: N.1A.S. fr. naru: (agnru:);
situated beyond, on the other side', nnd the
like. Pec. to Xak.? Xak. XI KB m u n l g d a
Dis. V. NML- n a r u k ~neqe e g r i yo1 'ho\vever winding the
[IF nomla:- Den. V. fr. no:m; 'to preach' road may he from here onwards' 4876.
(with or without an Ohj.). N.0.a.b. Tiirkii
vrlr ff. Man. b u r x a n l a r a r l g d ~ n t a r l a r
n o m l a s a r kirtkiinmedin 'not believing
when the prophets and pure Elect preach'
\ Dl.. NRG
?C n e r e k Kag, is prob. right in saying that
Chuas. 133-4: Uyg. vrlr ff. Man. ewanglyon this is a crasis of ne: k e r g e k (cf. neliik), since
n o m r a t n i g n o m l a p 'preaching the precious it has exactly the same meaning. Survives in
doctrine of the gospel' T T 111 62-3; a.o.0.: NE Alt., Tel. ne:rek R 111 679. XaR. XI
Bud. Sanskrit jagzda 'he has preached' n o m - n e r e k a Particle (harf) meaning li-rnd dc3
lad1 (MS. - t t ) T T VIII 0 . 6 ; (the Buddha) b u yattbaji 'what is it necessary for?'; one says
(MS. bo) s u : d a r ~ g nom1a:yu: y a : r l ~ k a : d ~ bu: saga: n e r e k 'why do you need this?';
'
'deigned to preach this sriira' do. H.3; 0.0. its origin is ne: kere:k :~ndit wus mhbrevinted
T T V 26, 86-7 (no:m); VI 373-4 ( n o m ~ ~ : ) ; Krip. I 392: K B y a y neq bolurdn b u eaki
!1 U I S . NRG 770
1 n e r e k trrlu neD b o l u r d a y a v u z n e k e r e k for a slave's statement?' 1906:X I I I ( ? ) At. a y a
'when a ne\v thing comes into existence, what hirg idisi h a r i g l i k n e r e k , a y u b 6 r m a D a
need is there for the o l d ? When a good thing b u negiike k e r e k '0 miser! what is the need
comes into existence, what need is there for ' for miserliness; tell m e what this is needed
the bad?' 688; blligsiz b o l u r k u l n e r e k k u i for' 3 1 3 - 1 4 : xlv Muh. Mel. 17, 17; Rif. 96
s6zi 'the slave is ignorant, what is the need (neluk).
t
Initial r - , like initial I - , q . v . . was a sound prnsthetic vowel, e.g. SW Osm. u r u c 'fastinp,
erltircly foreign to the 'I'urkish l a n ~ u a p eand a l a corrlrptinn ~ >I'c.
a c a n o ~ ~ i cfast', f rrian. 'I'lic
; ~ n yI.-\v. with initial r- which became estah- nnly \r.r)rd \vith initial r- ill Knp. is that listccl
lished in the early language assumed a pros- t>elo\v.
theti,. '. e . ~ .e r t l n i , e r e J . 'I'here is a
spririklrnp o f Indian and Iranian I.-w.s in some \'[IF r a b q n t (fully vocalirccl) 1I;tp. leg. ;
.\Ian. and Dud. texts without t h e prosthetic origin uncertain, but no doubt an Indo-
vowel, e . r~a t n i , the Tc-rkhnrian form of -ISurnpcan I.-w. cognate to I<trssian roh 'slave';
Sanskrit rotnn, which Inter became e r t i n l , h u t r n h o ; ~ 'nnrk', ctc. G a n c a k X I r a b ~ a tol-
thesc are not listed here since they never be- -srrsriyn 'unpaid forced labour'; as when for
cnrne at hnme in 'I'urkish. I n the Rlosle~n example a chief (01-anrir) takes animals belong-
period a number of Arahic and Persian I.-w.s ing to the peasantry (nl-ro'iyn) and carries his
entered the lallgunge unchangtd, but those gonds o n t h e m without payment K n f . 1 4 5 1 .
used in popular speech usually assumed a
 S
Mon. SA routed the enemy' 24: Yen. sil: has been read
S(D) sa: crasis of saga:, Ilat. of s e n ; an in several inscripti%, hut the only clear case
unusually early cane of a crasis common later. is Mal. 26, 8 (1 teg): Uyg. vrr1 83: occurs
Xak. X I sa: a I'article (+f) meaning anla 8 times in $u., usually in such phr. as sti:
'you'; hence one says Sa: a y u r m e n 'I say to yorr:d~: 'the army set out' N 6 ; [sii:] baqr:
you' (Ink). 'I'he alif is changed from ntin in the ben 'I was the [army] commander' has been
word s e n or abbreviated fr. the word saga:; restored in the Side line: vrr1 ff. Man.-A
(irrelevant Ar. parallels follow) Kaf. 111 208 kentu ken* siisin [gap] 'their own armies'
(following a para. on (the Suff.) -sa:/-se: M I 22, 5 (i); Bud. sii, usually spelt suu (cf.
:.-- 8 - .
L!&-,, so: in Suw.l. is fairfv common. e.e. a l k u t a r -
l u g sii: c k i f i l e r d e r e a ~ l 'in ill kinds of~-

u i4,
~

F SO: no doubt, as Miiller suggested, 'chain, armies and trGps1 jlo 4 (i); a.0. do. 69,
lock', I.-w. fr. Chinese so 'lock, chain' (Gilts 5 (ii): Civ. siike b a r g u ig bolur 'it becomes an
10,204). N.o.a.h. but see sola:-. Uyg. vlrr,ff. affair of going to the army' TT VII 36, 15-16;
Bud. (plundering, robbing, breaking In, a.0. 1 67 (sanqrt-): Xak. XI sii: abcund 'the
opening doors and) sosrn sokiip 'pulling army' Kag. I11 208 (prov.; verse); about 40
their locks apart' U I1 76, I ; yeti t e m i r s o n 0.0. translated a/-cund or less often al-cay$
k e m i s o l a p t u r k u r d r 'he tied up the ship, 'army' or al-'askar 'the soldiers'; in 1 478, 8
fastening it with seven iron chains' PP 31, the full title of Selcuk (sic, not Salcuk) 'the
5-6; a.0. do. 33, 2-3 (1 aq-). ancestor of those Sultans' is given as Selctik
sii: bagl:: K B in 2266 the King asks what
S su: See s u v , qualities sii baqlar kfgi 'an army commander'
VU s6: noted only in the phr. s6de/s6din requires; the answer is in Chap. XXX, 2269 ff.:
berii 'for a long time past', but cf. soki:. In XITI(?)Tef. sii 'army'; siisi birle ya'ni laq-
Chuas. v.1.C. transcribed it suy and confused k a r ~birle 278: (xrv Muh. rafiqu't-'askar
it with SUY (tsuy) 'sin', a Chinese 1.-w., 'fellow-soldier' sii:de:g Mel. 50, I ; Rif. 145):
N.0.a.b. T u r k u VIII ff. Man. sode berii . .. X w a r . XIII sli 'army' 'Ali 52: xlv ditto Qutb
162: KIP. xrrr Hou. 14, 10 (qerig): Osm.
yazlntlmlz e r s e r 'if for a long time past we
have sinned' (against the sun and moon gods, xrv to xvr sii 'army' in several texts T T S I
etc.) Cl~uas. 13; 0.0. do. 49, 85, etc.: Uyg. 652; 11 853; s t i bagl, here spelt nr bap, with
vrrr ff. Bud. Bgiim k a g r m s o n d e (sic, acc. to su in some texts fr. xv (perhaps a later MS.)
Pelliot) berii m 6 n i s e v m e z e r t i 'for a long onwards, occurs in all periods; in the earliest
time past my mother and father have not loved period the title was clearly military and this
me' PP 56, 7-8; (because their attachments continued till xvrlr, but the transition to civil
(Hend.) have not been broken (Hend.)) sB- duties is hinted in dicts. fr. xvl onwards
(text in error suv) -din berii 'for a long time I 646; I1 844; 111 640; 1 V 707.
past' Suv. 61, 17; 0.0. spelt roo, do. 280, 7 ; F 2 sii 'preface'; I.-w. fr. Chinese hsii (Giles
695, 23. 4,771). Pec. to Uyg. Uyg. VIII ff. Bud. Suv.
V U 1 sii: 'army'. The theory put forward in 2, 5 (u1a:l-).
TT X, p. 19, note 206 that this should be
transcribed JU: and taken as a I.-w. fr. Chinese Mon. V. SA-
shou 'to hunt' (Giles 10,013) is quite untenable sa:- 'to count'; in its original form obsolete
since the spelling with S- is universal in texts everywhere; it has become say- in NW Knm.
in Ar. script. 'I'he word itself cannot be traced Nog.: SW Az., Osm., Tkm. (sa:y-), but it has
!ater than about xv, but the phr. sii: baqi: been displaced, in all other languages com-
army commander' lived on and, when su: pletely, and in these partially, by sana:-
itself had been forgotten, was taken to be su: (Tkm. sa:na-), q.v. (Uyg. VIII ff. Bud. this
bsgl: and used for 'water (i.e. irrigation) word was read by Pelliot in PP 68, 8, but the
superintendent', an official of great importance correct reading is b a r l g s a d ~ g ~ zXak. ): XI e r
in the Middle East. see e.g. SW Osm. s u bag1 ko:nrg (sic) sa:dl: 'the man counted ('adda)
Sami 835, Red. I 188. This misunderstanding the sheep' (etc.) Kof.111 247 (sa:r, sa:ms:k;
suggests that the vowel was -ii: but this is not verse); 0.0. 1281, 22 (where it is described as
certain. Tiirkii vrir sfi: 'army' is common; the origin of the Desid. V. Suff. -sa:-I-se:-);
esp. in the phr. SO: su1e:- 'to make an expedi- ZZI 250, 4: K B s a y u b6rdi bilgin u k u q ~
tion'; sii b a y : i n e l (sic) X a g a n Tardu:q tegin 'he reckoned up his knowledge and the
$ad barzu:n 'let fnel Xagan, the Tardug extent of his understanding' 569; ikigijnf blr
$ad, go as army commander' T 31: VIIX ff. t 6 p isizke s a m a 'do not reckon them both
sii: occurs several times in IrkB, e.g. x a n to be as bad as one another' 875; (the King)
siike: barmi:$ yagr:g sanqmi:q 'the xan k a m u g edgiiliikni atamiq s a y u 'has named
went to the army (i.e. on a campaign) and and counted up all the advantages' 3474;
 M O N . V. S A -
b a v ~ g a tegl bagnn s a d l m neGe ' I have (nrmln) n1r h:~t~k..of \vool to spin' (li'l-j<~tl)
~ r ~ u n t chow
d many rungs therc arc up to thc KO?. I I I 248 (su:r, su:ma:k).
top (of the ladder)' 6034: X I I I ( ? )I h f . s a m a k
'number, calculation' 261: Gag. xv ff. say- Mon. SB
ray- Vel. 283; say- (spelt) jurnurdan 'to count' sa:b 'a turn (to do something)'; n.o.a.h. Uyg.
Snn. 236v. 25: Xwar. X I V ditto Qrrib 151 : V I I I ff. Bud. (of the last in a scrics of rinrr~cd
Kip. T k m \I\ (KIP. gana-) 'nddn; T k m . teacliers) s a h ~ n t lni ~
o m i ~ l iglegUke
n ynrag-
$a- /d. 60:;; ;!-*adad $aymak, the lmpent. 11f: 'fit to do the nark of (teaching) the doctrine
is gay Kao. 64, 18; 'adda(gana-1) gay- Tuh. in his turn' Hiietr-ts. 1983-4; a.o. Snc~.ggo,
251). 13: O s m . xrvff. say- 'to count', but 13: Xak. X I sn:b a[-nnruho fit/-corcdh' li-
more often 'to reckon (something) to be -kaldm fun fi'l-!o11n wo'l-saqy 'a turn to reply
(sonicthing)'; in several texts 1'TS 1 606; to a speech, to use a mill, or to irrigate (one's
I V 669. land)'; hence one says 01 so:z(le)ge:H: sa:b
b6:rme:s 'he does not give (others) n turn to
sc- 'to break' (Trans.), both lit. and metaph.; speak', and in regard to using a mill, etc. senig
survives in NE K q . , Sag. I<I V 602 (phr.) sa:b keldi: 'your turn has come' KO?.I I I 145.
and SW Osm., but elsewhere displaced by
s ~ n d t r - ,first apparently noted in Xwar. XIV, sa:p (sap) 'the handle (of a sword, krlifc, etc.)';
Qtctb 164, or other words. 'I'iirkii vrlr (I s.i.a.m.1.g. with this and extended meanings.
brought a decorator from the Chinese Emperor 'I'he long -a:- in Kay. seems to he an error
and decorated the tomb) m e n i g s a v l m l n (cf. 1 bn*, 1 tav); thc SW l'km. forni is
s ~ m a d i :'he (i.e. the Chinese Emperor?) did s a p (sa:p 'pure' etc. is the Ar. I.-w. p i j ) and
not break (i.e, reject) my statetnent'. (The the Acc. in Osm. is sapl, not s a b ~ which ,
Emperor's chamberlain sent a decor;tor) implies a final - p and so a short vowel. Xak.
I S 11, ZI N 14; iiq otuz b a h k srdl: they X I sa:p ttisdhic'l-sn~f ma'l-sihhin 'the handle of
broke (i.e. captured) twenty-three towns' T a sword or knife' Kay. IIZ 145 (prov.); a.0
19; 0.0. I E 36 (udluk); 1.r. 21: V I I I ff. Man. I 384, 25 (yon-): X w a r . x ~ vs a p 'handle'
Chuas. 51 (bert-), 256 (baqa:k): Uyg. v111ff. Qrrtb 150: Klp. x r ~ ('halter'
r yu:la:r); a/-micarr
Man.-A iie y e g s a w n s l m a g l l 'not breaking 'the leading-rope of a halter' yu:la:r ga:pl:
the three good words' M 11129, 3 (ii): Man. Horr. 14, 5: XIV Sap al-nisdh id. 5 6 : xv ditto
(eat the lamb's flesh, but) siigiikin s i m a g l a r Tuh. 36b. 6: O s m . XVIII s a p ('with -p') in
'do not break its bones' Af IIZ 39, 3 (iii): Bud. R~inri,'the handle (dasfa) of a sword, knife,
yincge s l p 'breaking (gold-bearing ore) into arrow', and the like San. 2z8v. 17.
small pieces' Suv. 71, 14; o d g u r a k terig
m u m s ~ d l g t z'you fundamentally confuted sa:v 'a speech', etc.; the difference between
him' Niien-ts. 1801; s i d a q ~s l z ... yatlarlg this word and sij:z, if it is not simply one of
chronology or dialect ( s i i : ~is rather rare in
'you rout the strangers (to the true doctrine)'
do. 2063-4; 0.0. T T I V 8, 67 and 75: Civ. the early period), seems to be one of quantity;
kiizeqig kiizedip s l m a s a r 'if a man looks sa:v seems to mean 'a (full-length) spcech;
after a cooking pot and does not break it' a narrative or story, a message', while s6:z
(it is a vessel for serving food); a p a m b i r seems to mean 1)asically 'a single word, or
adakln s l s a r 'but if he breaks one of its short utterance'. Very common in the earlier
feet' (it spills the contents) TT 1 197-9; period, but not noted after xlv except in the
a.0. do. 17 (bert-): Xak. SI 01 o t u ~sl:dl: llend. s o z sav. Tiirkii V ~ I Is a v is common,
'he broke up (kasnra) the fire-wood' (etc.); esp. in 2'; it is used (I) of nilpc: Xajjan's
nr~d one says 01 sii:ni: sl:dl: 'lie routed addl.ess to his people, e.g. bu snvrmln
(hnzotna) the army' Kay. 111 249 (SIT, 61:- edgtkti: e$id 'liste11carefully to this spcech of
ma:k); siyu:ma:s, crasis uf siyu: u:ma:s niine' I S 2 ; R.o.o.; (2) of speeches or repre-
'he cannot break' I 123, 21; 128, 13; 0.0. scntotions, c.g. Tavgaq bodun savl: siiqig
I 282, 14; 382 (kapak); 473, I : K B yaglnl 'the Chincse people's words are honeyed' I S
s l m a k 'to rout the enemy' 2272; s l m a
k6glini 'do not break his heart' 4264; boy111
,
5. 11N 4 ; (3) of a report or narrative, e . p
koriig s a w : a n t a g 'the spy's report was as
s i m a g ~ n ~'unless
a you break their necks' follows' I' 9 ; (4) of a message, e.g, s a v anqa:
4807; S I ~ bI u~r x a n i n 'break his idols' 5486: ~ d m t g'they sent the following message' T 9:
x ~ r ~ (At.
? ) (if your tongue gets out of control) V I I I ff. edgii: s o z s a v elti: k e l k r 'he comes
tt$igni s l y u r 'it breaks your tecth' 132; Tef. bringing good news' ZrkB 7, 11; k u l savl:
SI- 'to destroy' (abstract) 270: xlv Mtrlt. 'the slave's speech' (is addressed to his master),
kasaro SI:- Afel. 30, 11; 40, 17: Rif. 114, 130 kuzgu:n savt: 'the raven's words' (are a
(both mis-spelt sln-); a/-kasr s1:mak 35, 8 ; prayer to heaven) do. 54; s a v l a r 'a statement'
1 2 1 : X w a r . xlv SI- 'to break' Qrrtb 163: (of the qualities of the seven planets and five
T k m . xlv SI- karnrn Id. 51: O s m . xlvff. kinds of jewels) Toyok 4 ( E T Y 11 57); Trin.
SI- 'to break (lit. or metaph.); to conquer'; IIZa. 2 ( E T Y I1 94; tanuklug); a.0.o.: Man.
c.i.a.p. T T S 1619; 11814; I11 618; I V 683. s a v dlitip s a v keliiriip 'carrying messages
jo and fro' Chrras. 104-5; anlg savtn alcp
VCT su:- IIap. leg.; hnsic rncnnirlg obscure. accepting his preachings' do. 137; y u m v a g
Xnk. X I ol a g a r boyu:n su:dl: inqrida lalrtc SRVI S O Z ~'their mild words' A4 III 20, 7 (i):
cco xoda'a 'he obeyed him and submitted'; 0.0. do. 33-4 (qulvu:). 199; 7'T II 10.
and one says 01 maga: yu:g su:dl: 'he sent 77-8: Uyk. V I I I 11: Man.-A A1 115, ~ ( B g e k ) :
 01-~rrri's u : Ilr~lr.6 , 1 3 : s ~ ditto
v 111. 5 5 (and 1Jyg. v111ff, Ijud. (the old III:III : ~ ~ r t - e c:I~I<Il
two phr.): kv ditto Kav. 3 1 , 5 ; 58, 14 (and I>c.cnlne the I'rlncc's guide. 'l'hr.n) keg! x a n
two phr.); 7'trh. 3ja. 5 ; mir111id 'lavatory' @ U t c g i n k e s e p t l 'his f:~tticrthe I<inx equipped
d y (for e v ) do. 3ja. 7: O s m . srv ff. SU/SU thc: I'rince' (and pave him the footl, water,
(In one S I tcxt ~ before vocalic S~1ff.sSUV-) transport animals, ant1 e ~ e r y t l ~ i clse n g required
c.i.n.p. in rariouq phr. 7'TS I 646 ff.; I1 Iiy t l ~ c 500 rnen) 1'P zX, I - 2 : (srv Mrrlr.
X.+-+tf.; 8 5 0 ; 1116.+1tf.; I1'700 H. rnlp'l-nr(i' 'to sprinkle water' s u : s e p - MPI.
26, r I ; dittn 7co rrnfn!tr'l-!orrh ' t c l shake the

Man. V. S U - dust otf a ~ a r n r r n t 's e p - 1(1f. roo: (:aa. s v If.

~ 6 p (-tl)
- srp- 'to sprinkle', that is tf) sprinkle
s a p - , s e p - Preliminary note. 7%1,le is great Or solllCt~iI,pelse v r / , z84: ~ 6 ~ ('\\,ith
'-
colrjrrsioll nborrt V.s of thesp tr~'o.for~ns.l'he ON/?, - p - ' ) aJfllr({(l(llI ,to spri,llilr' Sari ~ 4 4 ~ ~
c~rtoinforrnin Tiirkii is s e p - 'to rrpnir (some- (quotns.): Kip. s ~ vs e p - ( ' ~ v i t h-p-'J m j j n
thin^ broken)', and the olrly c~rtoinforrrlin Uyi. polilu(tr) ('lightly') fd. gr : xv r r r ~ f ns c p - 7'rrlr.
s a p - 'to instil, graft', and the like, although 'to 17a. 11 : O s m . s l v If. s e p - ' t o sprinkles;
p411ip, $1 O t l * ~ ZL'aS o/most certairr/y s e p - . I<ag. c . i - a . ~ 7'y'S . 1614; 11 810; 111613 ; Il' 677).
lGfs on1.v s a p - a n d trat~slntesit (I) 'to thread s e v - 'to love; tt) like', with a wide range of
( a nerdle)'; ( 2 ) '10 repnir (something broken)', shadcs of meaning. S.i.a.ln.1.p. \r.. several
hrct rlistingrrishrs hetrcren s a p t u r - 'to order phonetic changes NE Alt., 'I'cl. SU- (no other
to repnir' and s e p t i i r - 'to order to provide a Innguapes): SIS T a r . s o y - ; 'I'iirki s o y - /
dorcry', ohc~ior~rly o Corrs, f. r,/ s e p - rclrich is siiy- ('to kiss'): NC siiy- : SC s e v - : N W I<az.
s o y - ; others siiy- : S&\' Az., Osm, s e v - ; 'l'kin.
hoinoplronorrs ri'. s e p 'n'doecry'. On this basis s o y - . $ 'l'iirkii vrlr ff. sevdiikitn1:n y8yii:r-
thrrrfore it looks a s $ the Tiirlzii word was niis- m e n 'I cat \\hat I like' I r h n 3 : Rlan. i d i
rpelt nrrd Ka$.'s tzco tneonings go back to somr s e v m e z m e n 'I d o not at all like' (to live
cotnmon orixitr. S a p - 'to threnll (n needle), to n worldly life) T T I1 8, 42: U y g . v ~ r rff. Man.
inocrrlatr, graft' stlrciz.es in S B 7'iirki: perhaps T T 1 1 1 yY-o (ana:): I3ud. s e v e r t e p l a r 'loves
iVlV K a z . R IV 401: and STV Tktn.; s e p - 'to and likes' U 111 z j , 4 ; 0.0. TT '1 t o , 112
e~riip'is 1101 noted ngain. I n the nrrZee.al period ( a g ~ r l n : - ) ; X 256 ( a m r a n - ) ; a.0.o. : , Civ.
tsco nppnrently rteru V.s nppenred, s a p - 'to go sr b u y a n ~ gs e v g i l 'lore virtue' T T I 1 I I : X a k .
01 m e n i : sevtli: nlrahhnrti 'he loved (or
astrny, c{m;lrtr', atrd the like, rc'hiclr is noted in liked) me' Knj. I1 15 (seve:r, s e v m e : k ;
xra NC f i x . a n d NiV Koz. in K IV 402 a n d
srrrcioes in SIV Osnr., and s e p - 'to scatter (solid
. . ) : three 0.0.: K R Sev- with various
~ r o v ,,
shades of meaning is cornrnon, e.g. s e v i p s o z l
nrrrtter, e.g. sped), to sow; io sprinhle (liquids), t u t t u m 'I have loved him (the Prophet) and
to irrigate', rolrich is practically syn. ru. s a c - accepted his words' 46; a.o. 135 ( s e v i t ) :
( ~ n ds.i.n.tn.1.g. (in SFV s e r p - ) . xrrr(?) A t . a n 1 nB x a l l y l q s e v e r nB x l l i q
'neither the creatures nor the creator love him'
s a p - 'to thread (a needle), to graft, inoculate 272; Tpj. s e v - 'to lore' 264: xrv AIirlr. o!rrrhhn
(lit. or ~ n c t a p h . ) to
; repair(something broken)'. s e w - Afrl. 22, I ; Rif. 102 (in error s e v i n - ) ;
See aLn\pc. T i i r k u vrrr ff. s ~ n r r k r : g ~ :sne p e r - 'atr'qo 'to love pnssionatcly' S e w - 29, 3 ; r r z ;
m e n (sic) 'I repair your broken things' IrkB nl-lribb s e w m e k (RIS. -??ink) 36, 5 ; I 21
48 (arid see ula:-): Uyg. V I I I ff. Dud. (Iiow (se:w-): Gag. s v tf. s 8 w - ( - e r , etc.) sm-,
nrr you \rorthy to be callcd) k a l l n g u b u r x a n nru!iahhnt 1.t- ~~ra'lrrisrlml'rl. 2110-1 ; S ~ W -dtist
g a s t n l n u r [ t n q ~ ? ]s a p t a g 1 'one who grafts clti.jtir~r'to like, love' Sort. 258r. 23 (quotns.):
ill( ?)the s u r v i v i n ~discipline (Snriskrit dZsann) S w a r . X I I I s e v - (with triply dottcd rmw) 'to
of tile Iluddha?' liiien-rs. 306-7; a n t a g y o k love' *.4li 37; (n'itll sirnple rc<ira) 41 : S I V s e v -
e r d i kiigiizinte s u k m a y u k kiigiilinte s a p - ditto 11lN 173, etc.: K o m . xrv 'to love, like'
t r l a y u k 'thus h e was not one w l ~ orefused to s o w - C C I ; s e v - , s o v - , s o y - C C G ; Gr. 218
take (the teaching) to his bosun1 or graft i t ( ? ) (cluotn.): KIP. x r ~ rn!rubba s e w - Hotr. 34, 8;
into his mind' do. 1927-8: X a k . s t yi:$i: !tnhha s e w - do, jy, 16: s ~ sve w - a!rahbn; also
yigne: s a p d l : 'the tailor threaded (riaxxaln used in P.N.s (yirsor~rnm bihi) f d . 54; (01-
. . . 111-silkji) the needle'; and one says 01 k u $ -1znbib s e v t u k u m Bul. y, 6): xv !~nbba s e w -
k a n a t l n s a p d r : 'he joined up (i.e. mended, Kav. rz, 6 ; tnrc?mbbata(n) 'in friendliness'
rcirsnlo) the bird's wing'; also i ~ s e dof anything s e w r n e k i i ~ u n(sic) do. 33, 6 ; o!rabbn sijy-
defective(?) when one pulls it together and Trrh. 6b. 5; s o w - do, 79b. I I .
joins it u p (taqdrara 'an cinsilri fa-carraku wa
rw~alnhrr)KO?. I1 3 ( s a p a x , s a p m a : k ) : KR D i s . SUA
1858 ( b u z u k ) : x ~ av 7 o ~ l asa:ptt: Met. 20, I ; I'LJ s u b t : 'conical, tapering', and thc like;
Rif. 09 ( s a p - ) : (Kom. xrv 'to stnnd aside (for honiophonous \\.. sub^:-, which proves that it
sorneone) s a p - C C G ; G r . : K l p . s l v SapIl: had hack vowels. 'I'his is confirmed in I<lp.;
(-h-) ,rnkobn 'arri'l-larip 'to po astray from the hut it survives only(?) i r ~S\V Osrn. where it is
r < ~ : ~111.
l' ~ 6 ) . transcribed s o b i i in Sarrri 740 and s u h i i in H
s a v - See savrl-. 11' 850 (with cross-refcc.;. tcr siibijlsiibii which
arc not listcd) :lnd Rrd. 1086. SW Osnl. s o p a
s e p - 'to equip, fit out', and the like. See ahovr, 'n cudgel' (i.e. n tapering stick) rliny, however,
; ~ n d s e p t i i r - . ('l'urku ~ I I I t see s a p - ) : :11so I>c dcsccnded fr. this \\.(,rd. X n k , X I
 D I S . V. S B D -
anythi~ig lc)nR with a tapering end (fnwil Tef. savqr 'prophet', once in the Hend.
nru!~addahi'l-ra's) is called subl:; hence a yalavac p a y g a m b a r savql 25j : xxv Mtth.(?)
man's head, when it is not round (mudamar) (in a list of occupations) rastil 'messenger,
is called Subt: ba:g Kaf. I11 217: Krp. xrv envoy' sawqt: Rif. 156 (mis-spelt su:rp:;
gubu:/$ub~: asil 'long and tapering' Id. 56; Mel. 57, 12 8:lqi:): O g u z xi sa:vqr: 01-rani1
!ralbd sub1 Tuh. 121,. 12 (?~a/hZmeans 'milch wahwa'l-safYr 'messenger, envoy', who travels
camel'; there is 'presumably an omission between the families of an intended bride-
hetween the two words, prob. saglrk or the groom and hride with messages KO$.III 441 ;
like for lialhd, but there is no obvious Ar. word a.0. 111 154 (after sa:v) same translation,
heginning w. 11- with a meaning appropriate adding 'because he reports the statements of
to sub^:): Osrn. X I V if. words meaning, of the one to the other and vice versa, as I have
face 'oval', of the eyes 'afnrond shaped' are explained'; not here described as O&a:
listed as follows sobtca srv; sobek xvr; X w a r . xrrr savqt (with triply dotted wdw)
sobels8bil xvr ff.; sobek xvr ff. TTS 1 6 3 9 ; 'prophet' 'Ali 48: Ktp. xrv sawqr: (-c-) 'one
I1 838; 111637; I V 703. concerned w ~ t hdisputes (manstih ila'l-da'rud),
in the sense of differences between two ad-
Dis. V. SBA- versaries; such a person must be a qddi; and
sawql: is used for 'prophet' (al-nabi); t?y
sabt:- (or sap1:- ?)Flap. leg., but cf. s a b ~ t - . say s a w q l m u z 'our prophet' meaning the
Xak. xr a t kucjrukr: sab1:dr: 'the horse's Prophet', God bless him fd. 61.
tail (etc.) waved' (tnharrahn 'was in motion')
Kaf. I11 256 (sabt:r, sabl:mn:k). D suvql: N.Ag. fr. su:v; s.i.s.m.l. for 'water-
-seller, water-carrier, mariner, swimmer', etc.
D Suva:- Den. V. fr. su:v; originally 'to irri- Uyg. v r ~ rff. Bud. k i m ykrqi s u v p kemiqi
gate (land); to water (animals)', and the like; b a r e r s e r 'if there are any guides, pilots, or
in modern languages later forms of s u v g a r - boatmen' PP 22, 4-5; a.0. do. 23, 8 ; Civ. (in
are used in this sense. In the medieval period a charter of immunities) borluktga 6 g e n
it was used for 'to plaster' and this must also kesgiiqiler s u v q ~k i r m e d i n 'the people who
be an early meaning, see suval-, suvaq-. In cut the streams and the water superintendent
this sense s.i.s.m.1. as srba-Jsuba-Js~va-/ must not enter his vineyard' USp. 88, 45-6
suva-. Uyg. vrrr ff. Bud. PP I , 3 (o:l): Xak. (as the V. is kes- 'to cut', not kaz- 'to dig',
xr kanlg erndi: y8:r suva:r 'your blood now the first were presumably labourers who cut
waters (yasqi) the ground' Kap. I 498, 21; the banks to release irrigation water): F a g .
n.m.e.: xrr~(?)Tef. Suva- 'to plaster up' (the xv ff.suqr (spelt) sciqi rua cibdcr 'cup-bearer;
entrance to a cave) 276: Gag. xvff. s u w a - butler' Son. 23yr. 9 (quotns.).
(spelt) andrid kardan 'to plaster' Sun. 247" 9
(quotns.): T k m . xv Iayyasa 'to plaster' suva-
(in margin'als~~ronounced srva-');KIP. slza- Dis. S B D
Hap. leg., ?corruption of p v a - ) 11th. 32% 11. D sevit Caus. Dev. N. fr. sev-, lit. 'one a-ho
causes love', rather than 'one who loves'; 'the
P U subt:- Hap. leg., but see s u b l t - ; homo- planet Venus'. For practical purposes Hap.
phonous w. sub*:. Xak. sr subr:dl: ne:g leg., the only other occurrence being in the
tdlo'l-fay' foa ta'allala !arfrOru 'the thing was passage in Rbg. quoted fr. K B , R I V sor, and
long and its sides tapered off' Kog. 111 257 prob. a word invented by the author of KB.
( s u b c r , sub1:ma:k). Cf. qolpan. Xak. XI K B s e v u k ytiz urundr
bbginqi Sevit, seve baktr e r s e s e n azni
Dis. Sl3C a v i t 'fifth, Venus put her lovely face (in the
D sa:vqt: N.Ag. fr. s a x ; normally 'mes- sky); when she looks lovingly at you, enjqy
senger', and so a less distinguished term than yourself' 135.
ya1a:vaq (a I.-w., q.v.); but as in this meaning P U F sibiit Ifap. Irg.; no doubt a I.-w., pre-
it corresponded to Ar. raslil it was used by sumably, in Kri~gar, Indo-Iranian; cf. Pe.
early Rloslem Turks for 'the Prophet'; in this sihitt 'dill, Anethum graveolms'. KBggar xt
sense 1t was soon displaced hy the Pe. I.-w. sibiit al-kuzbara 'coriander' Kaj. I 356.
paygdmbar and now survives only(?) in NE
Tob. sawql 'go-between' R I V 431. Tiirkil D savdlq prima facie a Den. N. in -dlq, cf.
vrrr R. a savyl: on a yellow horse and a yala- t a r d ~ q ,s a g d ~ c ,but there is no semantic
vaq on a bay horse bring good news IrkB I r ; connection w. sa:v and it may be, like other
a.0. do. 55: Uyg. vrlr ff. Bud. (if we have gone names of artefacts, a I.-w. Cf. s a v d ~ c l a n - ,
from one town, country, or realm to another which fixes the vowels. N.0.a.b. Xak. XI
as a) (VU) t i ~ qsavql
i 'messenger' (i.e. maklng s a v d q al-qaf'atu'llati i~trmal mina'l-atstin
mischief) T T I V 10, 21 (tigqi is Hap. leg., 'a basket plaited from twigs', used for carry-
prob. a N.Ag. fr. a Chinese 1.-w.): Xak. XI ing fruit, etc. KO$. 1455.
sa:vql: 'a prophet' (al-rastil) from among the
prophets of God; its base is sa:v meaning Dis. V. SBD-
'news, a statement, a proverb', and the pro-
phet communicates these things Kay. I11 441 D sabrt- (or saplt-?) Hap. leg.; Caus. f. of
{and see Oguz); a.0. 111154 (sa:v): K B savql snb1:-. Xak. XI a t kudruksabrttt: 'the hone
the Prophet' (Muhammad) 30, 388: XIII(?) waved (harmka) its tail'; and one says I t
 DIS. V. S B D -
kucjruk sabtttt: 'the dog wacgcd (hafhogo) its
tail' KO?. 11 298 (sabrtur, sab1tma:k); bu: I> savdrqlan- Hap. leg.; Iccfl. 11~11.V. fr.
a t 01 k u d r u k sab1tga:n 'this horse is con- savdrq. Xak. XI e r savdi$landr: 'the lrlari
stantly waving its tail'; also of a dog when it osvncd a basket' (pa/'a) Iin*. I 1 271 (sav-
WRCS its tail, when it asks for food or sees its tlrqlat~u:r, snvt11qlanma:k).
people (nhlnhrr) and fawns on them I 5 I 3.
Dls. SDC;
1) sevit- Caus. f. of S ~ V - 'to ; make (other
people) lo\-c (ot>eself)'. N.o.a.b., but .fairly D anprg Ilev. N. fr. s a p - ; 'somethinp- joined
common in h-B. Cf. sevtiir-. Uyg. vrrl ff. to something else' and the like. In Uyi. only
Hud. (Queen I3hadrl every day made gracious in the phr. u l a a s a p i g '(endlcss) succession'.
atfcctionnte speeches to the king) etiizln N.0.a.b. UyP. vrrrff. Man.-AIIIIII 13, 19 (ii)
sevitgellr iiqiin 'in order to make him love (1 u1a:g): Bud. 1'7' VI 015, etc. (1 u1a:g):
her body' U 111 54, 16-r7; 0.0. T T V 28, Xak. X I s a p @ kisru'l-xibrf 'the lowest flap of
119 etc. (nyat-): Xak. XI K B (this wicked a tent' KO$. I 374 (lit. something joined on to
world) sevitiir s u n u p t u t s n b 6 r m e z elig the rest of the fabric).
‘ingratiates itself to you, but if you reach out Ll S U W U ~(suvuk) Intrans. Dev. N./rl. fr.
to grasp it, does not give you its hand' 400; Suva:-; 'fluid, liquid', and the like, with
(hear the words of) sevitmi* ki$i sevitse extcrlded meanin~a. Survives w. the same
k l ~ kijr
l n ~ i i ne r d e m b a y 'the man who has
meanings in S W Osm. slvrk (also clvlk);
made hirriself loved; if a rrlan nlakes hinisclt 'I'ktn. s u v u k . Cf. suvlng. Krp. X I s u w u k
loved his faults are (regirded as) the height of (src) 'anything liquid and runny' (mzyi' roqiq)
virtue' 533; 0.0. 582, 594, 3704. like clotted cream and thick fruit juice when
1> suvat- Calls. f. of suva:-; as such n.o.a.b., it has become runny (raqqa); hence one says
but other later forms of this V. and s u v g a r - s u w u k y u a r u t 'runny yogirrt'; s u w u k
form parallel Caus. f.s s u b n t - , suvart-, etc. k u d m k 'a long tail with very little hair on it'
w. similar and extended meanine. Uyg. (qalilrt'l-ya'r), likc the tail of a camel; also
V I I I ff. llud. U 1 29, 6-7 (u:d): Gag. xv ff.
a tree (i.e. with few leaves), ete. Kaj. 111164
sirwat- Caus. f.; andrid knrdan 'tG3order to (the -w-with hoth <iatrrl~rnand knsro every-
pl:ister' San. 247v 23. where): Tkm. XII I nl-ma.~zo wahzi~a'l-nrf'im
'soft' (opposite to 'hard' katt:) 9uw1:k (MS.
I'UD sublt- Ilap. leg.; Caus. f. of sub1:-; cf. satut:k); Kip. y u m g a k Nou. 28, I : O s m .
subt:la:-. Xak. XI 01 ne:gni: sublttr: 'he xrv ff. s l v l k 'liquid, runny'; c.i.a.p. 7'1'sI
tapered (oflolo) the th~np,that is constricted 626; II 823; 111626; I V 690.
its sides and lengthened it' (yzi/rnddid !ar/ahri I) sapga:k Hap. leg.; this won1 occurs, in
rcn yrifn7omilc1hn), as, for example, a nail Kas. a list of words with four consonants which are
11 208 (subitcr:r, subltma:k).
arranged in strict alphabetical order, between
I) s a p t u r - Caus. f. of s a p - ; n.o.a.h. in its q a m g u k nrld sapllk but is spelt hcr+k in the
originnl meaning hut s.i.s.ni.l. as the CAIIS.f. MS.; there is no doubt that it is mispointcd
of s a p - in its later meanings. Xak. xr 01 and should be spell sap~alc;I>ev. N. fr. sap-,
magn: kug kanatrn sapturdl: 'he ordered lit. (the part of the body) 'which joins' (the
me to join up (i.e. niend, bi-rcn~l)the falcon's upper to the lower part). Xnk. X I snpgn:k tnd
jrrl-h(i-i) n.ili.' (ctc.); also used for mend in^ ,fn~rqo'l-ccorikcty~z'(the part of the Rody) above
(rfii) anything h-as. II 183 (SaptUrur, Sap- the hips' h-fr$. I 470.
turma:k): (KIP. srv s a p t u r - a~lknbagajrahrt
'to lead someone astray' id. 56).
(S) stvga:- I-lap. leg.; the word is quite clear
1) scptiir- IIap. leg.; Cnus. f. of sep-; pre- in the photograph; prima fac~ea UCII.V. fr.
cedes s n p t u r - in Kcy. Xak. XI 01 nnig *slvlg; there docs not seem to be any cognate
klzrn septiirdl: alnarn hi-lochiz bintihi ma word, but the meaning is clear. Uyg. vrrl ff.
z<rflahd ild'l-.waran 'he ordered that his Man.-A (then the magicians in the city of
daughter should be given a trousseau and con- Babylon took a bow and arrow; they strung
ducted her to the bridegroom' Kag. I1 182 the bow and shot at Z r u g ~Burxan (the Pro-
(ma'l-nzuccnl rnasdartrhii bi'l-ka/, i.e. sep- phet Zoroastcr)) oki yana s r v g a r iiz tamr-
turiir, septiirme:k). rlga t e g d i 'tlieir arrowr turned to one side
and penetrated his own vein' (the demon then
L) sevtiir- Caus. f, of sev-; s.i.a.m.1.g. w. the died) Man.-uig. frag. 401, 8.
same phonetic changes and shades of meaning
os sev-. Xak. sr 01 (sic, superfluous) tegI-i: I) s u v p a r - Trans. Den. V. fr. su:v; 'to water
seni: marJn: sevtiirdi: 'God put love for you (livestock); to irrigate or water (land)'.
(~!!nI!abbntnk) in my heart' Kay. II 185 (sev- S.i.a.m.1.g.; in SW Az., Osm., Tkm. suvar-:
turttr, sevtiirme:k): xru(?) At. aka bol NC Kzx. s u a r - : NW Kk., Nog. s u v g a r - ;
e k r l ~ kseni sevdiiriir 'be generous, generosity Klr. Kumyk, ond all other language groups
makes you loved' 260; 7'rf.sevdiir- 'to make s u g a r - . Xak. xr 01 a t s u v g n r d t : 'he watered
(von~cone)fovc (something)' 265: Gng. xv ff. (mqiyo) the horse' (etc.) Kof. I1 188 (suv-
s6wdiir- Caus. f . ; .rrctrdrA nmIrhrib hordan 'to R R ~ u suvgarma:k);
~, o.0. in gra~limatieat
make oneself loved' Salt. 1 5 8 ~ 1. 2 . exn~nples11 44, 18 rtc : srlr(?) fi/. suvnr-
 DIS. SBG 787
'to irrigate' 276: x ~ vM~rh. asqa'l-mi' 'to imtnediately l~efores u v g a r t m s l n - ; the MS.
irrigate' suwa:r- MPI. 22, 9 (isfaqG1l-VIA' actually has rtcttgardt: but the context shows
su: t a r t - NiJ. 103): Ca& xv ff. s u w a r - this to be an error. Xak. X I if it is desired to
yuvur- 'to n~oisten', that is to moisten mud, express the idea that a man pretends to do
etc. Vel. 301 ; s u g a r - (spelt) 'to give water' something but does not actually do it, one way
(rib dGdan) to the thirsty; 'to moisten' (sirrib is to add ntin (to the basic V.) before the ddl
knrdan); also pronounced s u w a r - San. 2 4 3 ~ . (of the Perf.), e.g. 01 a t s u v g a r ~ n d x(so read)
26 (quotn.); reverse entry do. 2 4 7 ~ 28:
. Xwar. 'he pretended to water (ywqi) the hone' Kag.
x ~ vs u g a r - 'to irrigate' Qufb 161; s u v a r - 'to I1 202, 3; n.m.e.
water' (sheep) Nahc. 113, 1 2 : O s m . xrvff.
sUVar., sc,metlmes Stvar-, l t o water1, etc,; D suvgarlq- Hap. leg.; Co-op. f. of suvgar-;
c,i.a,p. TTS 1649; 11850; 111645; I V 7 1 4 noted only In a grammatical section. Xak. XI
if you wish to modify a V. in this section to
D s u v g a r t - Caus. f. of s u v g a r - ; s.i.s.m.1. express help (i'dna) in doing something or
Xak. X I if it is desired to form a Caus. of a V. competition, you add. $in (to the basic V.)
ending in -r-, -t- is added to it, and (in the before the dAl (of the Perf.), e.R. 01 maga: a t
Perf.) the -d- (of the Suff.) is merged with it, suvl4arl~dl:'he helped me to water(fi raqy)
the result is - t t - , thc -d- being assimilated, the horse' Kat. II 201, 21; n.m.e.
e.g. 01 atln suvkarttl: 'he directed someone
to water (saqiya) his horse' Kq. I1 256, 2 ; Dis. SBG
n.m.e. D s e p u k Hap. leg. ; Pass. Dev. N . / A . fr. sep-;
T r i s . SBG
, suvuklrk Hap, leg, ?; A.N, (Cone, N,) fr,
suvuk; 'a Uyg. vIII ff, TT 26,
etymologically this should mean 'equipped,
fitted out'; its exact meaning in its context is
discussed under s i l k f m , q.v. X a k - xl K B
100-2 (2 qug).
4599 (silkim).
C s1pa:kur Hap. leg.; Ka$.'s etymology is D sevig, seviik Preliminary note.
These two
possible, but surprising, since a k u r , q,v,, a words, ihe first a N.Ac. in - i g fr. sev-, 'love,
pe, I.-w., pro erly means or stall9, loving, liking', and the second a N.IA. in - u k
although Used) in the medieval period for (Passive), 'liked, beloved', must be carefully dir-
'manger'. It is perhaps a 1.-w., and this tinguished. This is not easy in der. and lofer
a false etymology. Xak. XI s1pa:kur a/- forms, since sevig become seviig by Inbiol
-mixlrit 'a nose-bag'; originally SIP aku:rl: attrac~ionat a fairly early date. Cf. s a q ~ g ,
mi'lif11'1-lani mina'l-xayl 'a manger for a colt saquk.
that has cut its first teeth' Kap. 1487.
D sevig see above. N.o.a.b., displaced in
T r i s . V. SBG- the medieval period by words like sevgii:,
D sa;v,kla:- H ~ leg,: ~ the . worcl is certainly N.Ac. in -gii:, or I.-w.s. Tiirkii V I I I ff. Man.
so spelt, but there is no other trace of sa:vlk, (if We have sinned) etoz s e v i g i n ~ eyorlp
fr. whicll it is a D ~ V.~ hi^ . might con- 'acting in accordance with the desires of the
ceivably be a ~ i f. fr.~ sa:v,. in which case the flesh' Chuas. 196-7: U Y B vrrr ff. Man.-A eta2
V. might mean 'to talk incoherently'. Uyg. sevigin uvutsuz igin 'bodily love and shame-
v r l r ff, civ. agztntln ta:sga:ru: (intu- less behaviour' (i.e. sexual intercourse) M I
rU:r koRga:r sa:vlkla:r k6gli: a:ga:r 'he 16, 18-19; seveg a z u t l u g nlgogaklar 'the
brings up (his food), weak, talks Hearers with loving spirits' do. 28, 24; kentfi
incoherently; his wanders3(assuming an sevigin 'because of self-love' do. 34,19: Man.
unusual scription of a:za:r) TT V1~I I , ~ . sevig k6galin 'with loving thoughts' M III
34, 17: Bud. PP 78, 5-6 (amrak): Civ. Sevig
VUD suvr&lan- Hap. leg.; ReR. Den. V. fr. B u y r u k P.N. USp. 1 1 2 , 2: (XIVMuh. 01-
*Suvrg Dev. N. fr. Suva:-. Cf. suvuk. Xak. -$adiq 'close friend' sewgii: Mel. 55, I ; Rq.
XI 01 b8:llg suvlglandr: 'he reckoned that 152: Klp. xlrl (after sew-) al-nrohbtib 'be-
the honey (etc.) was runny' (raqiq) Kal. II loved' sewgii: Hou. 39, 16: XIV ditto Id. 54):
267 (suvrglnnu:r, suv~glanma:k). Gag. xvff. see sevuk: O s m . x ~ vnnd xv
sevl/sevii/seviig 'love'; in several te?.,< T T S
D s u v ~ a n m s l n -Refl. Simulative Den. V. 1 615; 11 811; I11 616; I V 678 (xrv sevgii
fr. a N.S.A. fr. s u v g a r - ; noted only in gram- 'beloved9, once I).
maticalsections. Xak. xr the most correct any
(of expressing the idea that a man pretends to n seviik see above. Uyg. VIII ff. Man.-A M I
do something but docs not actually do it), and 23, 6 ( ~ 8 ' 2 ) ;0.0. do. 7 and 28: Xak. X I seviik
the commonest, is to add (to the Refl. f. of ne:D a thing which is loved' (al-mahbtih)
the V.) before the niin a mim and a sin (MS. KUJ- I 390; a y d l m a g a r se:viik (sic) 'I said
tin), making three consonants in all, e.g. 01 to him "beloved!" ' 1 9 4 , 2: K B sevfik sa"Cl
a t suvgar1mslndl: 'he pretended to water birle 'with the beloved Prophet' 30: seviik-
(yrtsqi) the horse' Kay. II 202, 12; a.o. II 26r, r e k 'his favourite horse' 315; 0.0. 135
22; n.m.e. (sevit): XIII(?) Tef. seviikrek 'most loved'
265: Gag, xv ff. skwiik ('with -k') ma!~abbat
D s u v g a r l n - Hap. leg.: Refl. f. of suvgar-, 'love' Vel. 291 (hut quotn. contains s e d k
used ns a Sirniilative; in a gralnmatical section sbwgen 'one who loves a I,cloved'); (sewgum
 (sic) irrikr 7cn nm!mhhot 'Ir,vel Son. 25Hv. 29; X w a r . s ~ vs u v l a g (R1S. in crror sovlirg)
it is not clear whether this is an error for 'a watcririg-place for livestock' Qutb 156.
sCwgu or a mistranslation of 'my beloved'):
X w a r . s ~ sve v u k ' h e l ~ ) \ ~dear'
d, Qtrlb 157. 1) s u v l u R P.N./A. fr. s u : ~ prnpcrly
; 'watery,
possc-ssirig \\,ntcr', n.ith v;lriot~s cxtendcd
s i b r k the basic tnenninp u~iderlying but11 n1eaninps includinp sotrle dcr-itcd fr. iclilr-
translations srclns 111 he 'a 111rlg object in ~ n n t i c uscs of 2b in I'c. (src. s u : v Gng.).
a central position'; survives only(?) in SW S.i.a.m.l.g. \v. phonetic chntrgcs sirnilar to
(]srl~. s u b e k 'an infant's urinal in a cradle'; those of su:v, q v . X n k . X I K B yuztig t u t q t
s u :\nnt. s i b c k ( I ) ditto; ( 2 ) 'the iron pivot s u v l u g t u t a y l n t 6 s e ' i f y o u rcs~rlvc con-
nf :I hand-nilll'; (3) 'the t a p - r r i ~ ~of t a tree' stantly to retain respect' (I'c. idiom) 4297;
S 1 ) l ) 1 2 2 j ; s o b e k (2) only, inter alia, do. n e p k ~ z g ue ~ l i yilzi
g s u v l u g e r 'how many
1247. S a k . X I s i b c k 'the pivot of a hand-tnill' rosy-cheeked, rrspcctccl(I'r. idion)) ~ r l c n (have '
(q~r!hrr'l-rrrlra), that is the i r o r ~(rod, a/-!iadida) hccn rurned by wonlt:~~)4524: X w a r . x ~ v
rnund \\llicli the upper niillstone revolves; y u z i suvlrriS Quth 156 (11iis-spelt S ~ Z I I I I ~ ) ,
s i b e k 'the hirllrrw reed (01-qrrsoh) which is 162: Korn. s r v 'spclt' (grain) (I'U) s u w l u
liuccl in :III infant's crz~dlefor hitn to urinate C I ; G r . : K I ~ s.u : l u w nl-nrn7crid(1 '\+;ltcrinp
in' Krlg. 1 389. trouph' fii. 55; 01-knlrrk ';I raft of inflated
skins' ~ u w l u wRtrl. 4, rq.
'L'ris. SBG
I ) s e v i g l i g I'.N./A. fr. s e v i g ; 'lovely' and the D s u v l u k A.N. (Conc. N.) fr. SU:V; with n
like, esp. of the face. N.o.a.1). U y g . V I I I ff. wide range of mranings connected w , water,
A1:ln.-'.I s e v i g l i g . .. y u z u g i i z e n 'your
Iovrly face' M I 10, 8-9: hIan. IVind. 42-3
the oddest Ocing 'a tiorse's bit' perhaps be-
cause it makes tlie horse d r i h l ~ l e . Survives in
(iqiglig): Bud. s e v i g l i g y[uzin] CTIII 17, 9 ; NE I<oih., Kiier., Sng. s u s l u k 'a horse's bit'
0.0. do. 34, 2-3 (ii) ( u n ) ; U I1 37, 60-3 ( t a p - R 11.' 760; Ichak., 'I'uv. ditto: NC 1Crr.
qastz); T T S 123, 346, 550, etc.: (Xak.) s u : l u k 'hit; t r o u ~ h ;min-coat'; I<m. S u l l k
XIII(?) Tpf. s e v i g l i 'dear' 265: X w a r . xlv ditto: SC IJzh. s u v l o k 'bit': N h ' I<k., Nog.
seviigliig 'lovelv' Qlrfb 157; (an action) S U W ~ 'Irit':
I ~ S W A E . S U I U 'l>listcr';
~ Osm.
s e v u g l u g r e k 'more nprceable' (to C 6 d ) ILrahc. s u l u k 'bit; water 1111wl; blister'; 'I'ktn. s u v -
26;. 16. l u k 'bit; a place with ahundant watrr'. U y g .
vrn ff. s u v l u k 'water-trouph' U I11 38, 28:
11 s e v i g l i k A.N. fr. s e v i g ; 'love'. Although X a k . sr s u v l u k nl-minrlil 'towel, turban', and
the second ~~okvcl is a l n ~ o s tconsistently -ii- t h e like Icnj. 1471;in I zor ( u r u n - ) , 111 323
this secrns to hc an .4.N. fr. s e v i g not s e v u k . (sa$u:la:-), and 6 o.o., ol-'inrriinn 'turban'-
N.o.a.1). X n k . st k i z l e p t u t a r s e v u g l i k al- su:luk 01-'imriino I11 262 (saru:- ; perhaps
-!rrrbhti'l-n~cilrtirnt 'concenlcd love' 1 i o ~ 1 . 1 172, a scribal el-ror): xrv n/lrrlr.(?) 01-so!i/lrr 'water-
l o ; n.ni.e.: G a g . s v ff. s k w u k l u k ('with -troughv su:luk RY. 169 (only): xvff.
- k - k ' ) sevmeklik 'love' VrI. 290 (quotn.); S u l u k a generic tcrm for 'water vessel' (su
s e ~ v i i g l u k / s e w i g l i k (hot11 spelt) nm!tnbbat ~ n r f i ) o r 'pool' (birhn) for collecting and
'love' (quotn.), also rrmlrbrib run d17st d t p a storing \\-atcr; also 'watery, full of water' (sul~r
'helo\-cd, f'rierld' (qurrtn.) . Son. z;Hv. 29: or rihiliir) l'cl. 298 (cltlntn.); s u l u k (spclt) ( I )
S w a r . x ~ sve v u g l u k 'lovel~ness'Qutb 157. rinlmim-i nsb 'a hnrse's bit'; (2) riz-i &dGr
'a xvater-container' Snn. z.+hr. 23 (same
I ) seviigsiiz (sevigsiz) Priv. N./A. fr. s e v l g ; quotn.): Osm. s l v ff. s u l u k '~vntcr-vessel,
'Invt.less; unlox-ed'. N.o.:~.b. X a k . XI seviig- pool', and, fr. X\)I,'the c11c.c.k-liiecc of a bit'
s u z ol-brlgi:f ( i l l s . bdi;) 'odious' Knj. XI 250, TTS 1 6 4 6 ; 111 h + z ; 11J709.
2 ( y o d k ~ : ) ;n.111.c. : X w n r . XI\. s e v i i g s i i z e r d i
kiigliim 'my h a r t hnd no 1cn.e in it' Qrrtb 157. 1) suv1a:g l l n p . leg.; 1)cv. N./A. fr. suvla:-:
t h e senla~lticconnection is ohscurc, h u t cf.
Dis. SBL s u w l k . X n k . xr s u v l a : ~y ~ g n :'a~ srllooth
I ) s n p l l k A.N. (Conc. N.) fr. s a : p ; apparently (01-tnordt) tree which has n o branches (jtcgir)
1I ; I ~lea.;
. sitnilar modern forms are I'.N./A.s un its stem' (sCqilzd); suv1a:g s a c 'straight (or
representing s a p l l g . X a k . X I s a p l l k 'any- lank, nl-sabat) hair' Kng. 111 386.
thinp ~ v h i c hserves as the hilt (maqhnd) of a S 8uvli:n See siig1i:n.
knife or s u o r d o r the handle (nifdh) of any-
thing' Kag. 1 4 7 0 , Dis. V. SBL-
11 snvllfj P.N./.+!. fr. s a x ; used IV. preceding D s n p r i - I'ass. f. of s a p - ; n.1r.a.b. X a k . XI
i!ttribut~vc, 'speaking' (the truth, etc.). Pec. y t p yigne:ke: s n p ~ l d ~ 'thc : thread was
t o Uyg, Uyg. vllr ff. I3ud. PI' 55, 2 (kunl:); threaded (iirsnlokn) through the needle'; and
7.T tfI 111) ( u t u : ~ ~ ) . o n e says o g u l ata:stga: sal)lldl: 'the boy
kept close (il~ni~nqa) t o his father wllile going
L) sur1n:g I)ev. N. (Cl~tic.N.) fr. suv1a:-; t o t h e place' K i z ~ . II 120 ( s a p ~ l u r ,s a p t l -
s.i.s.n~.l. as s u l n ~ v / s u l a k 'a watering-place 1na:k); a.o. I 158 (Pt11-).
for livestock' or, more generally, 'a place with
ahund;nt water'. X a k . sr suv1a:i: ti~agra'afri'l- 1) s a v l l - I'~IsR.f. of S ~ V - , \vllicI~is nt)t noted
-711~' a plnce where water can h e drawn'; before tlic trledieval periotl. T h e earliest
S I I V ~ : I : ~is111nrtrrqf7 '3 pl;icc-nz~ne'A-nj. 1464: orcurt-cncr is ~ r r o h .in srrr(?) Trf. (VU) s n v -
 T R I S . V. SBL
'to sl)r;ly (pcrfu~ne)'264 (sev-); it also occurs (takallatira hi-knlbnt kajir); also used when
in KIP. X I V yaw- hnwwala which has several a man quoted proverbs (daraha . . . 01-amtbl)
meanings, here perhaps 'to turn away' Id. 60, Kng. 111 297 (savla:r, sav1a:ma:k); k t g
and Osm. xrv ff. s a v - 'Trans. 'to drive away, ya:ygaru: sav1ayu:r (MS. raz.fanur, hut
rcpi~lse;avoid, escape from; bring to an end; rhymes w. tavrayu:r, savrayu:r) 'winter
let Ioosc'; Intrans. 'to go away, come to an end' argues with summer' III 278, I I : XIII(?)TP/.
T T S I 605; I1 Roo; 111 605. 'I'he Pass. f. s a w l a - 'to make a speech' 257.
survives only(?) in S W Osm. savul- 'to stand
aside, jiet out of the way', and the like. In some D suv1a:- Den. V. fr. sU:v; s.i.m.m.l.g.
other languages savll- is a Sec. f. of sagll-. usually as s u l a - 'to irrigate', less often 'to
Cf. savur-. Xak. xr ku:n savildl: 'the sun water (livestock)'; w. extended meanings in
turned downwards and declined' (mdlat . . . S W Osm. Xak. xr a t suv1a:dr: 'the horse
7oa zblat); and one says koglum aga:r drank (joriha) water (etc.)'; and one says e r
savlldl: (MS. savttldr:) 'my heart inclined titig suvla:d~:'the man moistened (amd(ha))
towards him'; also used of anything which has the mud (etc.)' Kag. I11 297 (suvla:r, suv1a:-
tvithdrawn from stability and turned down- ma:k); yuvga: suvrn suvlama: (unvocal-
wards (zdla rnin qardrihi rndla) Kag. II 125 ized, but so read) lb tnsqi bi-ma' Id 051 lahu 'do
(savllur, savr1ma:k; MS. savul-); kadgu: not drink water flowing from an unknown(?)
yeme: sav11su:n 'let sorrow depart' (yarlzal) source' 111 80, 21 : K B 449 (bori:): xlv M~th.
I 106, 11 ; (I said) a g a r savllrna: (MS. (after jariha i$-) jariha 'to drink copiously'
sae~iilnta:) Id tamil ild Qolbaq 'do not incline su:vla:- (-f-) Mel. 27, 11; Rif. 110: Fag.
towards him (Kolpak)' 111 80, 19; a.o. I1 163, xv ff. s u l a - (-p) srlla-, sirdh et- 'to drink to
3: KB tiipudin s a v ~ l m l gb a k l r s o k u n - a satiety' VeI. 299; s u l a - djdnridan dh 'to drink
'M:irs had declined from the zenith' 4888; water' San. 246r. I 5.
0.0. 4889, 6216 (ulker): Xwar. s r ~ sawa:l- r
(sic) 'to disappear' 'Ali 50: Kom. xrv 'to step D saplat- Caus. f. of sapla:-: 'to order to fit
aside, make way' s u w u l - (sic) C C G ; Gr.: KIP. a handle'; s.i.s.m.1. Xak. xr 01 klllq saplattl:
x r ~ r hadb mit~a'l-xrtrtic 'ani'l-larig 'to turn 'he ordered someone to fasten the tang (rak-
nuray from the (right) road' yawul- Hou. 30, haha'l-sildn) in the hilt (al-qabi'a) of the sword';
17: X I V sawul- tnna!~hd 'to be diverted' Id. nlso for to fasten the handle (nisdb) of anything
61 : O s m . XIV ff. savul- 'to be avoided; to be like a knife or dagger Kag. II 344 ( s a p l a t u x ,
put on one side; to make way for (someone); sap1atma:k).
(e.g. of summer) to pass, elapse'; c.i.a.p. TTS D s u v l a t - Caus. f. of suv1a:-; s.i.s.m.1. as
I 606; I1 801 ; I11 606; I V 668. sulat-. Xak. XI 01 qobni: s u v l a t t ~ : 'he
D sevil- Pass. f. of sev-; 'to be loved, liked', ordered someone to sprinkle water on the
etc. S.i.m.m.1.g. with the same phonetic dregs of something' (ragga'l-mb' bi-tncir gay')
changes. (Xak.) XIII(?)At. sevilmek tile- Kaj. 11 346 (suvlatu:r, suv1atma:k).
s e s e n k i ~ i l e ra r a 'if you wish to be popular
with people' 259: Xwar. xrv sevul- 'to be D savlan- Refl. f. of sav1a:- used as Pass.;
liked' Qrrtb 157: KIP. xv ~rlo!tbtih 'loved' 'to be spoken of'. N.o.a.h. Xak. XI Kor. III
sewulmla (or snwiilmig?) Tuh. 32b. 9. 199, 28 (qavlan-); n.m.e. : KB (the King said,
a good m a n is always praised, hut) miini
1) suva:l- Pass. f. of Suva:-; originally 'to be b u isizler a r a s a v l a n u r 'his faults are always
watered, irrigated'; s.i.s.m.l. as sual-, subal-, quoted among these wicked men' 909.
etc. 'to he plastered'. Xak. X I t a r @ suvaldl:
'the crop was irrigated' (suqiya), also used of L) suvlan- Ilefl. f. of suv1a:-; s.i.s.m.l. as
anything sprinkled with water (id5 rugga sulan-, generally used as Pass. Xak. X I s u v -
'alayi~i'l-md') Kaj. II 125 (suvalur, suval- landl: ne:D 'the thing was moist and full of
ma:k); (sokul- follows here); e v suvaldl: water' (mafuba ma kajura mz'uhu) like fruit
'the house (etc.) was plastered' (tuyyina, MS. when it is soft (ldna) and full of juice or a boil
in error tayyann) I1 125 (suva:lur, suva:l- when yellow liquid appears in it and it is
ma:k, sic); 0.0. suvaldl: I I 162, 13; suva:lur swollen (tarahlzala); and one says an19
III 240, 8. ko:zi: suvlandr: 'his eyes watered' Kag. II
247 (suvlanu:r, suv1anma:k): K B (man
D sapla:- Den. V. fr. s a : p ; s.i.s.m.1. as uses his tongue to speak; if he speaks well)
s a p l a - (I) 'to fit a handlc, etc.'; (2) 'to plunge yiizi s u v l a n u r 'he is honoured' 275 (cf.
(a sword) in up to the hilt'. Uyg. vrlr ff. Rud. SUV~U~).
keyikqi e r a g u l u g okln s a p l a p t o ~ g u r u
t a r t l p presumably 'a hunter fitting his D savlav- Recip. f. of sav1a:-; n.0.a.b.
poisoned arrow (to the bow) and drawing it T u r k i i V I I I ff. Man. T T I1 8, j5-6 (6grunq-
fully hack' (shot the elephant in the heart) len-): Xak. xr 01 menin birle: savlagdt:
U 111 57, 3 (ii): Xak. XI e r k111q sap1a:dl: 'he quoted proverbs to me and I to him'; also
'the man fastened (rakkaba) the sword in its used of messages, speeches, and anecdotes
hilt' (gabi'aiihi); also used when he fastened Kaj. I I 215 (savla$u:r, sav1agma:k).
the handle (rri?lib) of anything Kaj. I I I 296
(sapla:r, sap1a:ma:k). T r i s . V. SBL
D sav1a:- Den. V. fr. sa:v; n.0.a.b. Xak. X I V U D sub1:la:- Hap. leg.; Den. V. fr. subl:;
01 t e l j m snvla:dt: 'the man talked a great deal' cf. s a l t - . Xak. XI subt:la:dl: ne:gni: 'he
 lengthened (!nartoln) thc hroad thing, and Dis. V. S B N -
constricted its sides' (/rnrldodn for/ohrr) Kay. 1) s a p l n - [lap. leg.; Itefl. f. of s a p - . X a k . xr
111323 (sub~:la:r, subl:la:ma:k). igle:r yigne: s a p l n c l ~ :'the wonlan undertook
to thread tlie needle, but did not actually do it'
Dis. S B N KO$. I1 150 (saprnu:r, sap1nma:k).
s n b n n 'plough', hilt whether a generic term, 1) s e v i n - ReH. f. of s e v - ; 'to rejoice, he joyful,
or originally thc name of some particular kind glad', etc. S.i.a.m.1.~.w. the same phonctic
of plough is uncertain. Survives only spo- changes as sev-. Tiirkil V I I I 11 E 2 (iigir-):
radically as s a p a n 'wooden plough' in SE V I I I ff. I r k B (ogir-): Man. T T 11 8, 60
'I'urki and s a b a n in hrC Kzx. ('obsolete'): (ogir-): U y g . V I I I fT. Man.-.\ A2 I 28, 13
SC LJzh. (ditto): N W I(urnyk, Nog. (only): (iigir-): Bud. (the king of the dragons)
S\\' Ocm. (only), which suggests an original ertigii s e v i n d i 'was very glad' PP 46, 8 ;
specific meaning. Cf. bokursr:. X a k . xr 0.0. do. 53, 2 etc. (oglr-); o g m i g k e sevin-
s a h a n ol-foddGn hi-cnmi' 6lCtihi 'a plough m e d i n 'without taking pleasure at heing
with all its accessories'; s a b a n also 'cultivating praised' U I11 73, 21: Civ. s e v i n m e k as the
the land'( fnldimtu'l-ord) KO?. I 4 0 2 (prov., see name of a hexagram T T 1 8 7 ; a.o.'do. 128-9
r i r t g u n ) ; ' ~ . ~II. 214, 4 ; 111 416, 23 (same (oruki:): X a k . X I e r sevindi: the man
prnv.): srv Alrrlr. al-rrriprrit 'plough' sa:ba:n rejoiced and was ~nerry'(srirrn . . . rco'bfnh~~ro)
,IIrl. 60, 2 ; Rif. 158: G a g . strff. s a b a n Kog. I1 153 (sevinikr, sevlnme:k, cvery-
'a ~vondenohject on which they fasten a piece where spclt ~rviin-;verse); 0.0. II 286, 20
of iron and use it to till the grnund', in Ar. (ulga:d-) etc., 10 in all, spclt sevin- and
,/r~r/ririrz;(and s a p a n 'a sling') Sort. 2 2 8 ~ .20: translated srrrrn or /nri!ra 'tn he glnd': Rn 8 1
K o m . srv ploughed field' s a b a n (kuven-): ~ I I I ( ?At. ) oktglt kiginig sevln-
CCI. C C G ; Gr. 2 1 0 (quotns.): Krp. xIrr al- s u n c l n t 'so that the soul of tlie man who r c y s
-tn;!rrri! saba:n IIori. 9, 9: xrv ditto ~ a b a n it may be glad' 44; Trf. sevin-lsevun- to
Brrl. 4, I : xv ditto Trih. 33b. 9: O s m . x v ~ff. rejoice, be g l ~ d 26s:
' xrv Muh. fari!zn s e w i n -
s a b a n noted in several phr. T T S 11 775;
111583 ; I V 647. -
. -...- ..
Mel. 29, 14; sevin- (-f-) Rif. 113: Gag. xv ff.
s e w i n - (spelt) gddi kardan 'to rejoice, be glad'
Son. 25th. 15 (quotns.): X w a r . xrrl(?) ( O h z
D sevinq N.Ac. fr. sevin-; 'joy, pleasure, Xagan . . .) s e v i n d i kUldi 'was pleased and
delight'; in one or two early passages perhaps smiled' 02. 198; a.o.0. : x ~ vseviin- 'to rejoice'
rather 'affection, love'. S.i.a.m.1.g. except Qirlb 157; Nahc. 369, 2: K o m . xlv 'to rejoice,
NE(?) with some phl~neticchanges. T u r k u be joyful' sevin-/s6vin-/s6viin-/silyUn-
vrrl ff, Man. (then all the people . . .) bizige C C I , C C G ; Gr. 219 (quotns.): KIP. X I I I
d i n d a r l a r k a y u k u n t i l e r sevinq o t u n t i l e r fnriim s 6 w i n - Iiorr. 35, 11: srv ditto Id. 54;
'did obeisance to us, the Elect, and expressed Btrl. 68v.: s v ditto sowiin- Knv. 74, 6 ; al-
their pleaslire (or affection ?)' T T I1 lo, 82-3 : -fnr~lrs e w i n m e k do. 61, 16; srrrrn 7c.o fori!ra
IJyR. V I I I If. Man.-A (this scripture was s o y u n - Trrh. zoa. I r ; a.0. do. 2%. 4.
recited) ului: o g r u n q u n 'with great joy' (and
written) a C ~ sevinqin
r 'with intense delight' 'I'ris. S n N
.\I I zg, 3-5; 01 sevitiq 'thnt joy' AT 111 13,
13 (ii): Rlan. sevinq ntunii A i 11134, 18; 0.0. 1) sevinqlig I'.N./A. Ir. scvin(.; 'io>l'ul,
Ii'i>rJ. .++,etc. (crclem); 7'7I'III 17: Bud. T T happy', ctc. S.i.s.ni.l. Uyg. V I I I fT. hjan.-A
1'111 C;.+o, etc. (iigrunq); [J 11' 46, 38 etc. AT I I I , I y (iigrunqlug): Bud. Sirv. I 5 , 8 cbtc.
(utll:): Cir. (make your tnirid joyful) y 6 r k e (ogrunqliig): Civ. tngtlin l i n s e r sevlnqlig
t e g r i k e sevinq t u t 'bring(?) joy to earth and b o l u r 'if he gore out (of his house) he is
heaven' T T I 12-13; 0.0. do. 52, 13'; V I I happy' TT 1'11 28, 44; 0.0. do. 14, 12 etc.
27, 13, ctc. (ngrunq): X a k . X I sevinq ol- (ogrunqliig); I 155 (eke:): X a k . xr KB
-srrrrir 'joy, delight' Kag. I11 373 (prov., see sevinqlig is fairly common, e . 5 sevinqlig
oxstn- ; verse): K B sevinq is common; b o l u r a n d a y a z l u r k a g ~'he becomes happy
tiortnally 'joy', e.g. sevingin t o l u t u t 'make there and his brows relax' 813; 0.0. 951, rzbo,
his juy full' I 17; 0.0. 123 ( a v ~ n q ) 34o(arkuk),
, 1561: :III(?) Te/. sevinqHg 'happy' 265: xrv
359. 0 1 3 , etc.; a different shade of meaning in Mirh. al-f(?r!rAn 'joyful, cheerful' sevinq1i:g
(praise the Prophet and) sevingin t i l e 'seek (-f-) Ilfrl. 53, 13; RiJ. 153: X w a r . X I V sevinq-
to do what mill please him' 39; a.o. 52: XIII(?) lig/sevinqlilg ditto Qurb 157: Kom. x ~ v
.-I!. sevinq e r s e k e d i n 'if joy comes later' ditto soviinglu CCG; Gr.
371; am. 4 1 3 ; Tef. sevinq 'joy; joyful news' D sevinqsiz Priv. Pi./A. fr, s e v i n q ; 'unhappy',
z b ~ urv : Mi~lt.nl-fnrn!~ 'joy' sevinq (-f-) in etc. N.0.a.b. Uyg. V I I I ff. Bud. k a y u ttnltg-
'rurkistan, s e w i n g in our country file/. 8, I ; l a r n l g u t l ~ s l [ z ]sevinqsiz k ~ l m ~ g l a'what
rt
R(f:79; a.0; gz, I ; 148: Gag. s v ff. sbwingi deeds of human beings hring neither reward
~tirrjcln~nn~his reward (for bringing good
news)' Vel. 291 (quotn.); s6winq (spelt) nor pleasure ?' U I V 40, 184-5: Xak. xr Kog.
~ttljdflrc4 niif~,id'good news; re\vardl San. I11 377, z (tap1ssa:k); n.m.e.
z59r 4 (same quotn.): X w a r . XIII(?)s e v i n ~
'joy' 02. 2 : siv ditto Q ~ i t b157; s e v u n q ditto T r i s . V. SBN-
do. 4 ; 'R reward' Nnhc. 20, 6 : K o m . s l v 'joy' 1) sevinqlen- Il:ip. lep.; I<efl. f. of sevinqle:-
s u v u n q C C I , C C G ; Gr. 223 (quotns.). (see below); 'to he pleased, delighted', etc.
 .
DIS. V S B R -
UyR. V I I I ff. Bud. Iiiien-ts. 21 5 (iidlen-): close; 'to scatter; to winnow', and the like.
(Kom. s ~ siivunqle-
v 'to bring joy to (some- S.i.a.m.l.g. except NE; S E 'riirki sovur-/
one Dot.)' C C G ; Gr.). sox-/so:ra- : NC Kir. s a p l r - ; ICax. s u l r - :
S C Uzb. sovur-: N W Kk., I<az. s u w l r - ;
1) sevintiir- Caus. f. of sevin-; 'th niake Kumyk s u v u r - ; Nog. suvlr-: S W Az., Tkm.
(sotneone Acc.) happy', etc. S.i.s.m.1. Uyg. s o v u r - ; Osm. savur-. Xak. xr er t a n g
V I I I fT, Dud. [gap] sevintiir$elir iiqiin 'in savurdl: 'the man turned over the wheat with
crrdcr to make . . . happy' T T X 554: Xak. xr a pitch-fork (darrd (sic) al-ta'dm) and cleaned
K B o l a r n l rnenlgdin sevindiir tuql 'make it in the heap' (noqqdhu fi'l-kuds); also used of
them (the Prophet's four Companions) con- anything when you winnowed it and cleaned
.:tantly plcased with me' 62; begin ked it in the wind (nasaftahu wa naqqaytohu fi'l-
sevindiirse t a p n u r k u l i 'if his servant by his -rih) Kay. II 82 (savura:r, savurma:k); (God
service greatly pleases his master' (the road created (the sky like) a blue turquoise) s s v u r -
to honour is opened to him) 845; bodunuli, dl: iiriig k a 'and ~ scattered (na!nra) on it (the
sevindiirgil elgln tllln 'make the people stars like) jadc'(ya2m); this is a white stone of
happy with your hand and tongue' 1367: XIV which seals (a[-xarofitim) are made I 330. 25:
Mtrh.(?) (after fnri!ln sevin-) fnrmlin 'to make x ~ r l ( ? )Tef. s a v u r - 'to winnow; to scatter'
joyful' sevindir- (-f-; unvoc;~lized) Rif. I 13 257: Gag. xv ff. s a w u r - (spelt) 'to scatter
(only): Gag. s v ff. sbvindiir- Caus. f.; jadi (affdndan) earth, threshed corn, and the like
kardnn 'to make glad, joyful' San. 2581,. 27: and toss them in the wind' (ha-had dsdan)
K o m . x ~ 'tov make happy' s6viindiir- C C G ; Sun. 236r. 22 (quotns.): KIP. xv dnrrd (sic)
Gr. 224 (quotn.): KIP. xv sewlndir- also gowur- (gawur- added below the line) Tlth.
mcnna fnrrnlm (Ca(~s.)ICa~no.74, 3 (see sfin-). 16a. 8; salla 'to pull (something) out gently'
gowur- do. zoa, 4.
1) saban1a:- Hap. leg.; Den. V. fr. s a b a n .
Xak. xr 01 yE:rlg saban1a:dl: 'he ploughed s i p i r - 'to sweep'; with some metaph. mean-
and tilled(falo11n . . . 70n Imraba) the land' Kaf. ings like 'to drive out, send away' in some
III 342 (s;lbanla:r, saban1a:ma:k). modern languages. An early I.-17. in Mong. as
ri'iir- (Studies, p. 227); s.i.a.m.1.g. with various
Dis. SBR phonetic changes (-i-/-ii-, -p-/-b-). UyS. VIII
siivri: 'with a tapering end, sharp, pointed'; ff. Man. (like the servants of kings and begs who)
sipiriir a r i t i r 'sweep and clean' (the house
syn. w. sub]: but not connected etymologically
and furniture) Wind. 33-4: Xak. XI 01 ev
unless they have a common foreign origin. siipiirdi: 'he swept (kanasa) the house' Kaj.
Survives only(?) in S W Az., Osm. s i v r i 11 85 (siipiiriir, siipiirme:k): xrv Muh.
'pointed', etc. ; s i v r i s i n e k 'mosquito'. UyR. sahaqa 'to rub clean' siipiir- (-b-, unvocalized)
vln fT. Bud. siivri siigiin s a n ~ l p'piercing Rif. X I O (Mel. 27, 3 sii:rt-); kanasa siipiir-
with a sharp lance' U II 86. 48; siivri slqlar 30, 13; 114: Gag. xvff. siipiir- (spelt) cdrrib
harp spikes' Z'hf IV 253, 56,; am. do. 255, kardan 'to sweep' San. 23%. z (quotn~.):I p .
138 (uqlua): Xak. xr siivri: anything with xrrr knnnsa mht kansi'l-hayt siipiir- (-b- Hou
a tapering cnd' (~~t~r!lnddadtr'l-rn'.s), like teeth, 37, I : xrv siipiir- ('with -p-') lranora Id. 51
spcar- or arrrn~-heads, lanip-stands (nl- Btil. 78v.: xv ditto Kav. 74, I r ; kanasn aupir-
-matirim), spit-, nnd nthcr sm:~ll($;,$fir) things ;I'uh. 3 11). I.
Ko?. I 422: Y I V Mtrh.(?) (after 01-baqq 'gnat'
q~:b~:n--aniedieval word) sewri: s i n e k Me/. S s u v a r - See suvgar-.
63, 8 (in one MS.): Kom. x ~ v'sharp' s u r u
C C G ; 'gnat'(?) siirii clbln C C I ; Gr.: KIP. savra:- pec. to Kaj.; see savrat-. Xak. XI
xrv siiwrii: qibln 01-ba'lid 'mosquito', com- lg savra:dl: 'the action was discontinued'
pounded of suwrii: rnqiqu'l-!arf mahdud 'slim, (istafraia); also used of anyone doing some-
tapered' and ~ t b l nal-&hsI~ $fly' id. 54; al- thing when he stopped doing it(farn2a 'anhu);
-haqtid s i w r i qlbln. and in another dialect and one says s o k e l i:gdin savra:di: 'the
(11t&, ?Tkm.) s i w r i sjge:k Bul. 10, i s : invalid recovered from his disease' (indnmala'l-
ha'rid s u w r l ?jibin Ttih. 7b. 9 : O s m . xvrrr -mar$ oua'nsalla minhu) Kaj. III 281 (savra:r,
s i w r i (spelt) in Rtimf, 'a sting (tti~),the sharp savra:ma:k); igler yeme: savrayu:r 01-
(tizi) point of anything'; s i w r i sinek in Rtimi, -amrd4 taqill 'illnesses also abate' (in the
'a gnat'(paf~a),in Ar. haqq Son. z58r. 28. summer) 111278, 13; 0.0. 1103, 2; I I I 41, 20
(the same verse, translated qnlla and faraia).
E siipriik See siipriil-.
D s a v u r t - Caus. f. of s a v u r - ; s.i.s.m.l. Xak.
PIJ s u b r a m Hap. leg.; spelt srrjJrn:n in the XI 01 a g a r t a r @ savurtti: adrdhu'l-binla 'he
MS. but between Sabra:n, a place-name,' ordered him to winnow the wheat' (etc.) Kaj.
and tiigsi:n; cognate to subi:. O g u z XI III 431 (savurtur, savurtma:k; the V. here
s11bra:n 'anything long (tawil) in the shape used is similar to, but different fr., dnrrd
of a lamp-stand (a[-manGra) or the like' Kaj. translating s a ~ ~ r - ) .
1436.
DIS. V. SBR-
D s a v r a t - Hap. leg.; Caus. f. of savra:-; the
Infin. is given as -me:k, but this is no doubt
11 s n v u r - CRUS. f: of s a v - (see sav11-) an error; the second half of the entry was
:xithough the semantlc connection is not very inadvertently omitted in the MS. and inserted
 DIS.
Istrr; the error rnny he due to the fact that the Tris. SRR
entry immediatelv frdloned s i i v r i t - , and so I'UF s u h u r 8 a : n (or s u p u r g a : n ?) ';I trmh'.
was in any case misplacrd. X a k . sr o l e v i n 'I'his word was discussrd at I r n ~ t hlry W. 11.
savrattx: fnrrnfa hnytnhrr minn'l-qtrinrii wn'l- IJenning in Trn?rsnc/iofrs of fhr I'lzilo/o~icol
-rnirdr 'he emptied his house of furniture and .Ynciefy (of Isondon) 1 ~ 4 5 p, p - 157 fl. After
p o d s ' ; and one says o l 1:$tln s a v r a t t l : discussing other cognate lraniall wolds for
ntnrrrmn nmmhr~n.0 f / ~ r n , r r?irinlrrr 'tie finished ' t o l t ~ l ~he
' rcachcd the eci~~cluciori that this
what he was d n i n ~and stnppcd doing it' Kaj. rvas a I.--.. fr. Sopdiat~*zrrrry'tt. 'l'hc second
11332 ( s a v r a t u : r , s a v r n t m a : k ; sce above). consfrnnnt was prnl,. -h- not N.o.a.b.,
but a I.-lv. still surviving in hlonp. as sitbrrrEn?t
I) s i i v r i t - (siivri:d-) 'I'rans. 11en. V. fr. (Kozu. 1 3 9 2 , FInltod 3 4 8 ) Cf. 2 sen. T i i r k u
siivri: with the - d - changed to - t - by fplse V I I I ff. s i i p u r g a n (sic) i q r e 'within the tomb'
analogy fr. siivritti:; 'to sharpen'. Survlves A l I 6, 2: U y g . v r ~ rff. Uud. s l n s u b u r g a n
only(?) in S W Osrn. s i v r i t - . S o m i 759 enters a r a s l n t a 'amonfi the tott~hs' U IJ 53, 5 (iii);
three words in succession, s i v i r - 'to be sharp', [sln ?I s u b u r g a l i y k r k e y a k t n 'near the place
s i v r i 'sharp', s i v r i t - 'to sharpen'; Red. 1105 of the tnmhs' III 19, 9 (ii); S l t a v a n [ s u l b u r -
adds s i v r i l - 'tn besharp', s i v r i l t - 'tosharpen', g a n k a 'to thc funereal grove (Sanskrit iifrr-
hut onlits s i v r i t - ; there is no other trace of vnno) and the tombs' (lo. 21. 3 (ii); Sln
s i v l r - and it was prob. inventcrl to explain s u b n r g a n o r u n T T VI 7.00 (v.1. to s l n
the ( ~ t h crvords.
r X a k . XI 01 y l R a : p g siivrittl: o r u n ) : X a k . XI s u b u r 2 a : n nl-trd'ris tcn
'he sharpened the end (nllnla !nrf) nf the piecq r~rtrqdbirrr'l-knfarn 'a funeral vault, a pagan
of wood (ctc.), that is \\.hen he tapered it off cetnctcry' K " ~ .I 5 I 6 (prov. ; rnis-spelt rtthttz-
(Irn(/dn(inht~)K ~ $ 1 . 1 332 (suvritii:r, s u v r i t - <13n:?l).
me:k).
D s u p u r g u : (sipirgu:) N.1. fr. s i p l r - ;
I) s a v r u k - Hap. leg.; Intrans. f. of s a v u r - . 'hrnorn, lrrush'. An early I.-w. in Mong. as
X a k . sr k6:zdin (AlS. -dm) ya:? s a v r u k t l : ji'iirgr (Stuo'ics, p. 240); s.i.a.rn.l.a. \rr. sotnc
'tears dripped (tomj~agn)frotn his eyes'; also phonetic chanjies. X n k . xt s i i p u r g u : ol-
ilscd of water when it formed w a v e s a n d the -1niknnsn 'brush, broom' Kag. 1 4 9 0 : "1" Muh.
wat.es broke into spray (mrico wo'd!orahat al-milmnsa s i i p u r g i i : n.le1. 69, 9 ; Rif. 170:
omzeCctthtr bi-fnrcrcin) in the rivers Kag. I1 228 Gag. xv ff. s u p i i r g u (spelt) rdrtib ditto
( s a v r u k a : r , s a v r u k m a : k ; verse). San. z3gr. I (quotn.): X w a r , s r v s i p i i r t k e
(si:pii:rtkc) ditto Qtrtb 158: K o m . xrv ditto
I) s a v r u l - Pass. f. of s a v u r - ; s.i.s.rn.l. with s i b i i r t k e (sic) C C I ; Gr.: K l p . X I I I 01-miknnsa
some phonetic ch;~nges. X a k . X I su:v s a v - s e p i i r g e : ( - h - ) tlorr. 1 7 , I : xrv s u p u r g e : (-h-)
rolrll: 'the river forti~ed\vares with spray and ditto fd. 51 : sv ditto s u p i i r g e n (sic) Koo. 74,
.
brthhles'(mdcn . . bi:fn7cnnin tcn Bn/jA?r); also 1 1 ; ditto s i p i r g i (A; in margin s l p i r g e )
uccd r ~ af conking pot \\hen the hrnth in i t was 7'1th. 3.p. 7.
scnoprd r ~ (rrrfi'n) p i n a ladle and put back in it
(rrrddn film) to stop it f r ( ~ nhoiling ~ over; and I) s i i p r u n d i : I'ass. Urs. N. Tr. * s u p r u n -
orlc sal-s t a r l a s a v r u l d i : 'the mhrat was win- ( s i p r i n - ) Ilcll. f. of s i p i r - ; 's\vrcpingn, ruh-
t ~ , ~ n . r (drrrriyrr)
d' and ye:$ kii:zdin savrulcll: l>isli'. St~rvivc-sin S l l J Ax. s u p i i r t i ~ i t t i ;O S ~ I I .
'trars dripped frnni the ryes' X-OJ. I1 232 siipriintii. X e k . xr silpriintll: trl-q(rnrA~nn
( s a v r u l u : r , snvr111mn:k; verse): G a g . sv ff. 'slvrepings, ruhliish' f i g . 1 4 0 3 .
s a w r u l - (spclt) 'to he scattered (rrfSrrrtio) and
tossed in the \\-itid' Snn. 2 3 6 ~ 7. (quotns.). Dls. SBS
I> s u v s u $ I)e\,. N. fr. suvs1:- ; 'a pntai~leliquid
1) s i i p r u l - ( s i p r i l - ) Pass. f. of s l p i r - ; derived frorn a process o f sterping grain and
s.i.s.n~.l.w. the same phonetic changes. X a k . the like; a decoction'; esp. 'a weak decoction'.
xr e v s u p r u l d f : 'the house was swept'(kunisn); N.0.a.b. U y g . vrrr ff. Dud. Hiien-ts. 1941-2
and when one is angry with a man one says ( t u t u r k a : n ) : Civ. a:lku su:vsupla:rta: y k g
s i i p r i i l (so read, apparently later altered to u s t i i n k i x a t l s o d a k t e g m e : bo1u:rla:r 'they
siipriik) that is ' ~ away' o (ndirnh) as sweepings are called the royal hevrrage (Sanskrit sodnhn),
((11-knndsn) go away \vithout anynne minding thc best OF all decoctions' T T l/.IIl 1.16; a.cr.
Ko?. I1 231 ( s i i p r i i l u r , suprii1me:k): Gag. H 11 8 , 31 : X a k . X I s u v s u g ,i.vir mri'i'l-Irin(n
sv ff. s u p i i r i i l - rrirtih jndnn 'to h e swept' Son. ha'd nrri dnltahn qttrclrrn gnrlilrilti 'the final
2 3 8 ~ .16: Klp. X I V s u p r u l - 'to be swept'; also decoction of w h m t aftt-r the strenpth of its
used h them in the sense of insolla 'to slip beverage has gone'; also a name for 'pure milk
away' jjl. 5 1. (nl-md!rid) diluted with wnter' Ka?. 1460.
I1 s a v r u g - Hap. leg,; Co-op. f. of S a v u r - . 1) s u v s l z Priv. N.!A. fr. s u : ~ ;'xvaterless,
K n k . sr 01 m a p : t a n g s a v r u g d ~ :'he helped withnut water'. S.i.m.m.l., icsually RS SUSUZ.
nip to xvinno\v(fi'i-tndriya) the wheat (etc.)'; T u r k u vrrr (day and night for seven days)
also used when he h e l p ~ dt o stir(fi'l-tndriyn, s u v s t z k e q d i m 'I made lily way without
sir) the hroth with a ladle to prevent i t from rvatrr' I1 S E : V I I I R. I r k n 45 ( o t s u z ) : ( X w n r .
hoilinp over K a f . II 212 ( s ~ v r u ~ u : sra, v r u g - xrv s u s u z l u k 'lack of water' Qrrfh 162): K l p .
r n a : k ; if the test is right both dnrrd and x r ~ r hiln mli' 'x\~ithr~utwater' 7u:Sr:z Ilort.
pnrrfi are used here). 52, 6.
 .'SR!j 793
Dis. V. SBS- s(ive$-. A parallel N. savag 'a fight', Dev. N.
I) I suvsa:- Ucsid. Den. V. fr. SU:V; 'to I)e (connoting reciprocity) fr. *sava:-, occurs in
thirsty' and the like. S.i.m.m.l., usually as these and some NW languages. O g u z XI
s u s a - . Tiirkii vrlr ff. Man. T T I1 8, 37 ola:r ikki: savagdl: 'those two quarrelled'
( 2 a:g-): Uyg. vrrr ff. Bud. Iliien-ts. 2040-1 (tacddald) I h i . II roz (savagu:r, savag-
(1 us-): X a k , X I e r s u v s a : d l : 'the man (ctc.) ma:k): (Xak.) xlrr(?) Trf. savag- 'to fight'
was thirsty' ('afiyn); in this case too (LC. as i r ~ (with snmconc birle) 257 (also savag 'a fight'):
othcr Desid. V.s) the connotation is one of xrv Muh. /m6raba 'to fight one another'
longing for son~ethingKay. III 284 (suvsa:r, sawa:g- Mel. 25, I ; gawa:q- Rf. 107; al-
suvsa:ma:k); a.o. I 281, 26: X I I I ( ? )Tef. -1larl) sawa:gmak 37, l o ; sawa:gmak 123:
suvsa:- (-f-) 'to be thirsty' 276: xrv Muh. K o m . x ~ v'to fight one another' sovag- (sic)
'n1iia su:sa- MPI. 29, 5; su:vsa:- (corrupted C C I ; Gr. : KIP. X I I I diiraba mina'l-mudciraba
to str:knso:-) Rv. I 13; 01-'a/jd?t 'thirsty' (oppo- 'to come to blows' 5a:wag- Ilori. 41, I ~ (xrv :
site to 'satiated ) su:sa:mlg 53, 13; 151: Gag. sd$nmn 'to quarrel' ga\rra:g et- nrrl. 43v.):
xv ff. suSa-(-p) srtsn- L'cI. 295; StISa- taina s v s6;anra sawag- (/tala$-) 7irl1. rga. 2 :
$cldan 'to be thirsty' Son. 2 4 3 ~ .2 2 (quotn.): O s m . x ~ ff.
v savag- 'to fight one another',
X w a r . xrrr s u v s a - (with triply dotted miiw) and savav 'a fight'; c.i.a.p. TTS 11800; I11
ditto 'Ali 2 5 , 39: xrv s u v s a ~ l (MS. l sn7lsrr$l1) 604; I V 667.
'thirsty' Qtrtb 156; s u s a - do. 161: Kom. xlv D sevig- Itecip. f. of s e v - ; 'to like, or lo\-c,
' r b he thirsty' s u v s a - C C I ; s u s a - CCC;; one another'. S.i.n~.m.l.w. the same phonetic
(;r. 226 (quotns.): KIP. xrv gu:sa- 'a!ila id. changcs as sev-. Xak. X I ola:r ikki sevigdi:
58; Brcl. 62v.: xv ditto 7'rrh. 26a. 5 . 'those two liked, or loved, one another'
S 2 suvsa:- See suvga:- (tah6bbd) Kaj. II 102 (sevigu:r, sevigrne:k):
Gag. xvff. sbwi$- (spelt) Recip. f.; 'to
1) SuvS1:- Sirnulntivc h n . V. fr. Su:v: pec. like (or love, &st d6jtan) one another' Sam
to Kag.; cf. sovsu$. Xak. xr sirke: suvsl:dr: 2 5 8 ~ .14.
'the vineper came to taste like water' (axar_Ia. . .
fa'ma'l-n~d'); the wateriness (01-md'ij'o) de- D suvaq- Hap. leg.; Co-op. f. of Suva:-.
stroyed the acidity Kaf. IIf 284 (suvsr:r, Xak. X I 01 maga: ev suvagdr: 'he helped
suvs1:rna:k); a.0. 1282, 7. me to plaster ('old tafyin) the house' (etc.);
also for con~petingKaj. II 102 (suvagu:r,
D s u v s a t - Caus. f. of suvsa:-; s.i.s.m.l., suvagma:k).
usually as s u s a t - . Xak. xr 01 ant: suvsattt:
'atra$aIiti 'he made him thirsty' Kaj. I1 336 D SUVIS- Hap. leg.; ultimately der. fr. s u : ~ ,
(suvsatu:r, suvsatma:k): Gag, xv ff. s u s a t - but there does not seem to be any other
Caus. f.; fngtla knrdnn 'to make thirsty' Son. example of a Den. 1 . Suff. - I $ - Xak. X I
'
2 4 3 ~ 5:
. O s m . xv k o r k u t - s u s a t - 'to frighten y u g u r m l g u:n suvrgdt: 'the dough was flabhy
and cause distress to (someone)'; in one text (istarmi) owing to the excess of water in it';
TI'S I V 7 1 3 also used of anv liquid (mEji') that is thin
(raqqo) owina to an excess of water Kay. II 102
I'U?II sivsin- Ilap. log.; this reading can (suvlgu:r, suv~$me:k).
hardly he correct ; wnrd with such a form
could, as far nn is known, have this meaning; I'U suvga:- Hap. Icy.; 'to whisper'; proh.
it would be appropriate for *s~c_lrrn-,Refl. f. of Den. V. in -a:- fr. *SUVI$ an onomatopoeic
sldlr-. Uyk. V I I I fT. Bud. Sanqkrit virak- for 'a whisper'. There are several words for
tncittd 'with minds freed from worldly attach- 'a whisper' in mr)drrn languages, the com-
ments' sivsinmig klig6lliigle:r T T V I I I monest s ~ b l r / g l b l r the
; nearest to this is NW
A.28. Kumyk g ~ b l g .Xak. xr 01 kula:kka: suvga:-
dl: takallamofi'l-udun bi-kalrim hafi'he whis-
T r i s . SBS pered in his ear'; (suvga:r, suvga:ma:k;
D suvsa:llk 'thirst'; A.N. fr. suvsa:-.- with -f- everywhere); and one says (01)
siikelke: suvqa:d~:raqqd'l-'alil 'he whispered
N.0.a.b.; modern languages nornlally use
s u s u z l u k or ordinary Dev. N.s fr. suvsa:- spells to the sick man'; tca bi'l-sin /@a fihi
for 'thirst'. Uyg. vrrl ff. Civ. su:vsa:ltk T T 'another form is suvsa:-' Kit$. 111286.
VIII 1.9 (alku:), 12 (1 6:r-), etc. ; N I1 22, 30:
X w a r . X I V s u s a l ~ k Q ~ f h161; suvsaltk *suvgat- See guvgat-
Nalzc. 265, 16: O s m . xrv ff. s i ~ s a l r k ( I ) *suv$ag- See guvgag-
'thirst'; (2) 'insatiable thirst, as a morbid con-
ditlon in camels'; in several texts T T S 1 6 4 9 ; T r i s . SB$
111644; I V 712.
?I> suvu9ga:n Hap. leg.; apparently Dev.
N./A. (connoting habitual action) fr. s u v ~ $ -
Dis. V. SBS- (suvlg-); 'tapeworm'. The only common word
D savag- Recip. f. of * s a w : - Den. V. fr. for 'tapeworm' is NW Kumyk suvalqan:
s a : ~ properly
; 'to argue with one another, to SW Az. soxulcan; Osm., Tkm. sogulcan,
qu:lrrcl', btrt later, in a ph?.sical senqe, 'to come which goes back to KIP. xrv 8u:luncan al-
to blows, to fight'. Survives only(?) in S C -'alaq 'leech'; one hIS. adding wa dridtr'l-ba!n
1Jzh, savag-: SW Az., Osm. saveg-; Tkm. 'and tnpe\vorm' fd. 56, 59; 01-'alaq suw1aca:n
 T R I S . SB$
Brrl. 5, 2 and is also ultimately der. f, SU:V. I ~~~~~~~~I-id nrn'rrif 'an iron baking
X a k . xr s u v u s ~ a : i inl-rnfnr rc-n hij'a !rn37'0 traj., known' (also in I < j p ): nl-nrinsnbrr'l-lrndid
fi'l-hntlr 'tapewornm; intestln~~l\\-nrm' Knf. 'an iron trivet' $a:c ayn:@: 'the lcps of a baking
dish' Horr. 17. 15: xlv Sac 'on which thin
Uis. SBZ Inaves (nrrltiq) are haked' Id. 56: (xv nl-kdnrii~
'a stove' ( o ~ a k in ; marl(in) also S D C B ~ Trrh.
r[1 sl:hlz Ilap. lea.; no obvious etyrnc~loy!-, Ira. 15): Osm. svlrr sac a y a g in Riimi, silt
p c r h ~ p sa c1llasi-vnornatopoeic. 'l'he Turkish jKi?-n 'tripr,d', in AT.nritr~ob,in I'c. dig-ptiyn; s a c
languages are rich in words fur 'fool, sirnplc- a y n k y i i r i i m e k an expression for 'to \\talk -
ton'; e.g. for S\V sx Anat. SDU V 9 (s.v. three abreast' Sail. zzgv. 25 (rluotn.).
a h m a k ) lists over I jo, some here also with
no obvious etymology and a quasi-onomato- s11g in h-cry.'s first rncnning IIap. Irp.; his
poeic look. X s k . sr S I : ~ I Z klvi: nl-axraqrr'f- second, rnctnph., menning suggests that i t may
-p*:fif 'a foolish, obtuse, careless person' Kay. be the origin of S\V Az., Osrn. s u q (ric, n l t
srrc) 'a fault nf action or omission, offencc, sin .
X a k . sr s u q nnomatopocic (ltikaj~u)for (the
(I)) slblzRu :'rced-pipe, flutc', or rrther similar sound of) glancing off something (nrthcoi'l-
wind instrument, rnorphologicall? ])en. N. fr. -joy'); hr:ncc one snys klllq s u g ktltll: 'the
s1:brz hut n.itll no scmantic connection, unless s\vnrd :lanced off'(nnhri); and one says e r s u q
it to,) has a rluesi-~rnomatr~pocic basis. Sur- klltll: 'thc ninn avoided acccptinp thc. thing'
vivm in XI< Alt., Snr, 'I'el. S I ~ I R R ~ Il ,V 671 ; ( ~ o h i i. . . pnhrilti'l-nriir) Kni. 1 321 : KIP. XI\,
N\V lik., Knz., Nop. slbtzgl. X n k . xr srbtz- q 1 1 ~('\vith -q') i ~ l - ~ l " ~'ar hfnc~lt' fd. 5 6 ; (nl-
2u: nl-inizmtir 'flute, pipe' Kng. 1 489; 0.0. -&rrth y n z u k which is ;~lso01-~rr!i'n 'sin') and
1 175 and 217 (3 Btiir-); 246 (iitriil-): xrv ol-hrrh s u q (-r) Iltrl. 5 , I z : sv donh $US (sic)
,Tfrrh.(?) nl-john'bo 'rced-pipe' sibrzgu: Rif. T~rlr. 16b. I : O s m . srv if. s u q 'offence' (in
~ b (only):
r KIP. s r r r ~ahrjbntn'l-frtrk s l b l ~ g u : phr.); in scvcral tc:xts T'TS I 646; 11 845;
(31s.srbrrgrr:) if or^. 24, I I : xrv slptzgt: ('with I V 709.
-p-'2 01-xomr 'flute, pipe' fd. 5 1 ; S I ~ I Z ~ nl- I: M o n . V. SC-
-jababa; 'already mcntioned under szl'do. 56: s a g - 'to scatter, sprinkle', and the like.
s v zamr tnrcil 'a long pipe' s l b t z g l ('a short S.i.a.m.l.g. w. the same phonetic changes as
one' z u r n a y , PC. I.-w.) Tuh. 18a. 10. 1 sac. T t i r k i i V I I I ff. IrkB zo (kopUk): UyR.
vrrr ff. h?an.-A k i m 6ziitin tiqtin edgii
M o n . SC u[ruJg s a q s a r 'whoever scatters good grain
1 s a g 'hair', apparently only the hair of the for the sake of his soul' 11.3 111 11, 14-15 (ii):
human head. S.i.a.rn.l.g. w. phonctic changes Bud. (one must worship the Buddhas holding
(s-lq-iq- ;-s/-$1-y); cf. tii:. T i i r k i i v r l ~IIS 12 flowers and) s a q m l g k e r g e k 'must scatter
( b y - ) : V I I I ff. Ym. (his . . . and copper wcre them (before thrm)' T T V 10, 106; ark s a g t i
as limitless) karn: sa$t:n t e g 'as his black 'hc cnst lots' Hiioz-IS. 37; o.n. U 111 12, 5 ;
hair' Afnl. 26, 7 : Uyg. vtrr fl. Bud. u z u n 46, 1 1 ; Srrrr. 183, '5; 485, 3; T 7 ' X 15s: Civ.
.
snqrn . . t d t p 'Icttinp down his long h 4 r ' sapk s n q s a r 'if nnc scatters offerinps' Z'T
V I I 39, 3 ; pltpitlnl s n q t p 'sprinkling 11,111:
I I 1 1 2 5 , 15; 0.0. I T 11'8. 3 8 ; T?' V 4 . 10-11
(egin) rtc.: Ci\.. TT 1 ; I I .jz, 20 (sokun-); peppers (1.-tv.)' 11 1 35; n.fr. I f 11 2.2, ;7
a.o.0. : X a k . sr sac ol-rn'r 'thc hnir' Koj. I 3zr (2 iigsiiz): X n k . xr m e n y1pa:r s a y t l n l I
uvcr 20 o.r1.: K13 iiriig bold1 e r s e k a r a s a g spt.inklcd (noprta) niusk (ctc.)'; and crne says
s n k d '\vhc.n the black hair and beard hnvc n l evke: su:v snqdl: 'he sprinkled (rn$pn)
hccome tvhitc' I r o :~srrl(?) Trf. Sag 'hair' (of watcr o n the house' (ctc.) Kng. 11 4 ( s a p : r ,
the head) 264: x ~ 11bt1h.v nl-$nCrsa:q Me!. 46, z ; saqma:k); t a v a : r i g n ~ :s a g m a d l g '(why) did
s a c Rif. 139; a.o.0.: G a g . s v ff. s a c (sic) you not throw nway (!orohto) your property?'
inti>!-i sar 'the hair of the head' Snn. 2zgv. 1 8 1 79, z z ; y a k m u r kibi: ka:n saga:r '(my
(q~rotns.); s a c (sic) also nrriyi scrr and gisri eyes) drip 1)lood like rain' 1 2 7 2 , 18: K f l kijzi
'curls' do. zr : X w a r . xtrr s a g 'hair' 'Ali 14: yaq s a $ a r 'his eyes drop tears' 80: b u r n u
SIII(!) ditto Of. 76: xrv ditto Qirrh 150; AllV y a v m s a g a 'sprinklin~his nose with tears'
h, ctc.: K o m , xrv 'hair of the head' s a c C C I ; 1500; 0.0. 719 ( t k r - ) , 4827 (yomgr:): XIII(?)
Gr.: Ktp. x ~ r r01-fn'r sa:c Horr. xi). 19: X I V At. 340 (su:v); Tvf. Sac- 'to scatter (seed), to
say ('with -c') nl-jn'r fd. 56: s v a/-go'r $a9 drop (tears)' 264: XIV A.irrh.(?) 01-ragf ?a:$-
(sic) Kna. 60, I I ; dittu T~th.zob. 5 . m a k Rif. rzo (only): G a g , xv ff. s a c - ('with
-$-') pri~idonrcn ofpinrlon 'to scatter, sprinkle'
2 sa:c (sa:c) 'an iron plate for balring; a fving- Son. 2z9r. 25 (quotns.): X W R ~ xrrr . ditto
pan', and the like; also occurs in thc phr, sa:q 'Ali 34: xrv ditto Qrrfh 150; MN 265, etc.:
a0a:kt: 'tripod, trivet'. Sun-ivcs in SW Az. K o m . srv 'to sow' s a c - C C I , CCG; (3.:
sac, s a c a y a g ; Osm. s a c , s a c a y a k ; Tkm. KIP. s l r r 9a:c ('hnir', also Imperative of)
sa:g, sngak. X a k . X I sa:q ol-tniqldt 'frying- m$$n, nu!orn lforr. 19, 10: rngin 9a:c-, also
pan' KO$.III 147: xrv Afrrh. nl-miql: sa:c MeI. ol-i~i!rir do. 40, 13: s r v snc- ('with -c-') rnjfn
60, I ; Ri/. 169 (mis-spelt so:r~.u); al-dihdrin knliro(ir); s a c - dorr-n 'to sprinkle' fd. 56;
'trivet' sn:c aya:kr: 68, r 5 ; $a:q ndn:kt: (sic) hrr~l~rro 'to sort' and rrrr!nriz vnq- 13ttl. 35, 4.
169: <:ap,. xv ff. s a c 'a round iron plate'
(rihoni mttri(t~crcnr)in the shape of a shield on seq- 'to c l ~ ~ ~ r rselect,
s c , pick out', and the like.
which they hakc I,rcnd Snir. zzgv. 17: Ktp. Survives only(?) in S \ V A z . , 'I'krn. s b p ;
 scc 795

0 s m . seq-; cf. iidiir-. Uyg. vrrr ff. Bud. tek ra:-): X w a r . xrv suqu- 'to shy' (on hearing
m u n r k a m a g k u v r a g a r a seqip 'choosing a drum) Qtrfb 161 (rug-): O s m . xrv to xvr
only this man among the whole community' suqr- ( I ) of a hone or ox, 'to rear, kick', and
I-lilen-fs. 253-4: Xak. X I K B t6rUtti UdUrdi the like; translates Pe. rigizidun ditto; (2)
seqe yaluukug '(God) created and picked out translates Pe. dlidan 'to commit a crime' TTS
(Hend.) man' 148; eakrgln seqer e r yrl a y 1653; IV7o8.
kiln BdUg 'by calculation a man picks out an
(auspicious) year, month, day, and time' 2220; 6tiqI:- (?sii:ci:-, see 6ii:qig) 'to be sweet';
0.0. 10, 329 (ad"-), 797: xrv Muh.0) mayyaza n.o.a.b., but see sii:qig. Xak. xr siiqi:di:
ma sciyara 'to distinguish, select' seq- (-c-) ne:g ihlawla'l-jay' ma faba 'the thing was
Rif. 115 (only): Krp. xrv seq- ('with -q-') sweet and pleasant' Kaj. I11 258 (siiqi:r,
'azala jay' mina'l-jay' 'to distinguish between suqi:me:k): KB g a k a r t e g siiqiyu b a r l r
one thing and another' fd. 51: xv lagala, 01 kigi: 'that man goes about as sweet as
cama'a, qa;jaya 'to glean, pick up, collect' sugar' 813.
(gople-per-/) geg- (sic) Tuh. 3za. 9. Dis. V. SCD-
s ~ q -'to defecate, empty the bowels'. The D Saqlt- Caus. f. of sac-. Survives only(?) in
kind of word often deliberately omitted in NE Alt., Tel. qaqrt- R 1111908; cf. saqtur-.
dicts. but noted as NC I<tr. q ~ q - :NW Kk. Xak. X I 01 a g a r su:v saqlttr: 'he ordered him
s l q - l p ~ p(see Bul. Index): SW Osni. S I ~ and,
-
to sprinkle (arn5;nhti) water' (etc.); and one
prob. s.i.a.m.1.g. Xak. xr e r slqdr: 'the man says 01 anlo me9i:sin saqlttr: 'he beat him
defecated' (tngnruwnfn); also uced of others until he scattered(farata) his brain'; also used
besides men Kaj. 114 (slqa:r, s1qma:k); a.o. of ordering to scatter (hi'ntiidr) anything Kaf.
I 343, 27 (burxa:n): xrv Afuh. tngar~wota I1 299 (saq~tu:r,saq1tma:k): K U y a g ~ gb l r
6l:q- (-c-) Mel. 24. 7; H i f . 106; al-tagamrurrt saqltsa y a n a terliimez 'if you once scatter
s l q m a k (sic) 34, 8 ; 119: KIP. xrrr xari'a 'to the enemy, they cannot reassemble' 2396; (how
defecate' s t Hou. 36, 11: xrv SIC- ('with many gallant men's breasts has death crushed
-$-I) ditto 1;. 56; ta~amruo!a ma qadara ('to and) saqrttr kozin 'scattered their eyes' 4845.
defile') SIC- Rul. 42v.: xv 919- (sic) tafarawa~a .D slqlt- Hap. leg.; Caus. f. of SIC-; cf.
Kav. 9, 9 ; 7'1th. Ioa. 10. slqtur-. Xak. xr 01 anl: slqrttl: 'hemade him
defecate' (axra'ahu) Kaf. I1 300 (si$~tu:r,
*su$- See suqul-. s1qrtma:k). '

Dis. SCA D suqlt- Hap. leg.; Caus. f. of sus1:-. Xak.

D sagu: Hap. leg., but cf. saqu:la:-; Dev. N. xr 01 a t @ suqlttl: 'he made the horse (etc.)
fr. sac-. Cf. saqga:k. Xak. X I s a p : 'the rear' (ancfaba) Krrg. I1 300 (suqitu:r, suqlt-
fringe' (Itttdb) of a garment, towel and the like, ma:k).
Kny. I I I 2 1 9 . - D siiqit- Caus. f. of siiqi:-; n.0.a.h. Xak. X I
01 a q ~ gne:gni: suqitti: 'he sweetened (ahlc)
13 seFe: 'a sparrow'; prob. a Dev. N. fr. seq-
in the sense of (a11 animal) 'which picks out the sour, hitter thing'; and one says 01 y6:rig
stiqitti: 'he made the saline round (nl-sahm)
(aecdc, etc., on thc pmund)'. As such Ilap. lea., cultivable and fertile' (qorfih rua hnqla) Kay.
but survives as SW Az., Osni. serqe; 'l'ktn. II 299 (siiqitii:r, siiqitme:k); K U (truth is
serge, in which thc - r - is intrusive, as in bitter hut) y a r l n a s g r kelgey sUqitgey sen1
s e r p - for sep-. O g u z X I seqe: of-'uffrir 'its benefits mill come tomorrow and sweeten
'sparrow' I(nj. III 219: srv Mtrh.(?) al-
'rrsftir serqe: Rif. 175 (only): T k m . xrn ditto you' 5777.
serqe: (KIP. qrpqrk) Iiou. 10, 7: xrv ditto D s a q t u r - Caus. f. of saq-; s,i.s.m.l. w.
serqe: (-c-) (and qrpqa:k) Bttl. 11, 12: O s m . phonetic changes. Cf. saqtt-. Xak. xr 01
xvrrr s4rqe, in Rrimi, metaph. 'quick, im- maDa: y a r m a : k saqturdl: an!arall-darnhim
petuous' (tand u tia); s4rqe p a r m a k , in Rrimi, 'alaya 'he had me showered with money' Kaj.
'little finger', in Ar. xrtnsur San. 251 r. 8. I1 183 ( s a s t u r u r , saqturma:k): Xwar. xrv
s a q t u r - 'to order to sprinkle' (perfume)
F S I ~ I :the Chinese phr. sso chih (Gila ro,ztr Qutb 150.
1,817) 'four boundaries'; the vowels are
tixed by slqrlrg. Pec. to Uyk. Civ. Uyg. ~ I I I D srqtur- Hnp. leg.; Caus. f. of SIC-; cf.
ff. Civ. b u b o r l u k n l g srq1s1 'the boundaries slgrt-. Xak. xr 01 anr: slqturdr: axra'ahu
of this vine- yard are' (east.. . south.. . north min ixrd' 'he made him defecate' Kay. I1 184
. . . west. . .) USp. 13, 6-7; 109,7; b u y4rnig (slqturur, srqturma:k).
stq161 'the boundaries of this piece of ground'
do. 107, 19; 108, 17. D sacfag- Hap. leg.; Recip. Den. V. fr. 1 s a c ;
syn. w. saqlap-. Xak. XI o1a:r ikki: saqtagdr:
Dis. V. SCA- 'those two took hold of one another's hair'
(axada . . . m'r) Kaf. II 211 (saqtagu:r.
D suq1:- Den. V. fr. suq in the sense of 'to saqtagma:k).
move to one side, shy away from something'. Dis. S C ~
Xak. X I a t su$t:dl: 'the horse (etc.) reared
(rtwfnbn) and jumped ahout' (qafnzn) Kay. III D saqig, saquk. Preliminary note. These two
258 (suqr:r, suq1:ma:k); a.0. I11 279 (buk- runrds, thefirst a N.Ac. 'scnttrring' and the like,
 fr. s a c - , nnd rlrr s~cnrrrlo I'nr. hT./A'scntrrred' s q g a : n ; an ~ r l t lanininl n:iIne (.n<ling in -2n:n.
and rhc l r k ~ ,mnst hc rnrcJ111ly distir~gtrishrd, S.i.n.m.l.p. \v. ~ ~ t l r l r ~pl~onctic
r:~l rharigrs (6-1
S ~ P I C Erhc I n t ~forms
r rend to cotr7,rr~r.Tlw Infer $-It-; -c-I$-; -ga:n\-knnl-an). Cf. kiiskii.
IJya. v11r ff. Civ. k a r a j i u slqgnn 6 t h 'the
;cord s n e a k is a Sec. f . nf saqga:k, q.v. Cf. ,call of a hlack rat (or mouse?)' If 1 5 6 ; s l q g n n
scvig, sevuk. is one of the animals of the twelve-year cycle 111
I) s a p & N.Ac. fr. s a y - ; 'the act of scatterir~g', T7' I'll (cnmmori) and 1'111 P.33: Xnk. X I
csp. solid o1)jects as oppoced to liqui<ls, e.g. slqga:n 01-Jn'rt~ 'rnousc' (prov.); slq8n:n
'offerings to the gods; offerings so scattered'. ylll: 'tlic nnnie of one of the t\velve years
Surlivrs in KC I<zx.: SRSU Kk. VaVtlw 'a aniong the 'I'urks' Knp. 1 4 3 s ; o.o. 179, 18 and
wedding present'. Uyg. V I I I ff. T T 171 265-6 409, y (allmcl:) and 6 others mainly in prois.:
( t o k u k ) : Civ. s a q l e s a q s a r 'if one scatters srv ~llrth.nl-fn'r sr:qaa:n Alcl. 73, 3 ; Rif. 1 7 j ;
offrrings' T T VII 39, 3 ; a.0. do. 25, 7 (tBkiik): s1:qga:n yrlt: 80, 17; 185 : G a g s v ff. s l q g a n
G a g s v ff. s a q ~ g / s a $ ~ k / s a c udii~ii~rc.
k kdilen tnril, 'ninuse' (quotn.); also tlic narne of onr of
sot-rr 'a ncdding present' lrrI. 272 (quotn.); thr l'urkish \-cars S r ~ n .25or. 27: X w a r . slv
s a $ ~ & / s a q t k('\\-it11 -c-') ( I ) nilfir rco j d ~ d p slqken/stq:in 'rtic,uv' QNIIJ 163: KOITI. X I V
'nic>rlc\- scattered anionp the yursts at a 'rat' s l q k a n C C I ; f;r.: K I P . ~ I I I (11-Jo'r
\\cddi;lg' (quotn.); (2) 'money and goods sent stqka:n; Tkm. slqatl I~OII. I I , 12: xlv
froin the brideyroom's housc to the bride's s t q g n n ('with -c-') nl-Jo'r; 'l'km. glqan and
housc 1111 the occasion of a \~edding'(quotn.) srqt:in ( s i r , ?crror fnr srqknn); al.;o one nf the
S n ~ r .2251..28: Xxvar. S I V s a q i g 'olferings' 'Turkish mnnt1)s; olir s:t!.s s t q k a n a:y; a:y is
(nletaph. for tears) Qtrrb I jo: O s m . s l v to hoth ' ~ n o r ~ nand ' ' ~ n o n t h ' /(I. 56; nl-fn'r
1 v u 1 saqllsaqu 'jewels, money, and food dis- s ~ q k a n( - c - ) Drrl. 10, 13: sv qrif is sornetirnrs
trihutcd on festive occasions'; in several tests ornjttrd, e.p. ~ l ~ k n nl,f~t'r, n, somrtimes pro-
T T S 1 5 8 5 ; 11775; I11 583; 11'647. nor~nce(l?Ivan h-1171. 5 , 1 7 ; a.o. rln. 62, 10;
'thry ornit tlic qiif (in sccvntl hand, "froln
1) s a c u k Pass. Ilev. N./A. fr. S a c - ; 'scattrred' s q k a n " ) nntl say srqnn (-c-)' l'lrlr. 83a. 6-7:
and the like. Survivcs in S\V Osm. s a q t k O s m . x v ~ r rs ~ q a no t t in R ~ i ~ rai ,medicinal
'scatrercd, disordered'. UyR. vrlr ff. llud. herb, in Ar. ttrrcrhrr'l-frdlik and sammn'l-ja'r
s a p k kiir~ulliigy a g l u k saklnqllg t t n h g l a r 'rat's bane' Son. 250r. 25.
'scatter-brained people with erroneous
thoughts' TI" VI 023: X a k . xr sacu:k ne:g Dis. V. SCG-
'something scattered' (01-manftir) KO$. I 381.
D s a c g u r - tiap. leg.; Inchoativc f. of sac-.
D saqRa:k Dev. NIA. connoting hahitual X a k . xr e r su:v saqgurdi: 'the man was o n
action fr. Sac-; lit. 'constantly scattering', w. the point of sprinklirie(yorrrjf) the water' Ka?.
various extended meanings. Survives in NC 11187 ( s a r g u r a : r , saqgurma:k).
Klr. s a p k 'a handtnwel'; I<zx. ~ a ~ 'brush; a k
tassel; fringe' S C Uxh. s a c o k ' a fringe; the 1) suqfiur- Ilap. leg ; abhrrviated Inchontivc
hnir on a horse's hocks': S W 0~111. s a p k f. of R U ~ I : - . X a k . X I a t s u q g u r d l : 'the horse
'thc r a w s of R hnirse; a frinpe (of hnir, or on a xvas on the point <ifrcaring' (yn!rh) Knf. I [ I 87
par~nctit);disordered, scnttercd' (thc last a con- (suqgurn:r, suqgurma:k).
fusion w. saquk). Cf. sacu:.,Xak. 'a Inan who
tlirr~\vs ahnut his rtlnrrev (nmn 3,rrhng'dir Tris, S C : ~
~~rcil(ilrirl is called sucgn:k k i ~ i :h-ng. I 470: 1) s t q g n n n k 1)11n. f. of slqga:n; '~nusclc' lit.
C,:ng. TV tf. s n q n k ('\vith -c-') ( I ) 'a fringe 'little n~nusc'; thr same rnetnphor occul-s In
(rirn) \\-oren of thread and silk'(quotn.), in Ar. Indo-European languages, e.g. 1,atin ~1111s
Itrt&; (2) 'a tahle cloth' (srlfm), in Ar. snrnntdt; 'mouse', ~~tir~crrlrrs 'muscle'. Cf. baka:quk.
(3) 'the eaves (tztrro) on the front of a hol~sc', N.0.a.b.; there is no standard word for
that 1s an expression for the boarding which 'muscle' in the Turkish languages, all others
they place on the front of a mansion Son. using phr. or I.-w.s. IJyg. V J I I ff. Dud.
229~z . t : K o m , x ~ 'fringe'
v s a c a k C C I ; Gr.: s l q g a n a k l a r ~ nt u t u n u p 'cla~pingtheir own
Klp. srv ~ a q a k('with -q-') ,nl-qnrrrihn rca'l- muscles' U I I J 8, 3 j (and 1 4 3 , I ) ; a.o. 2 2 , 209.
-'tr!kril 'tuft, tassel; fringed hangings' (nl-
-'rrtkrilalso means 'a hranchfullof dates, grapes, INS. S C G
ctc:') !I. 56.
I> sii:clg ( ? sii:ctg) N.1A.S. fr. s u c k - ;
I) S I F & I : ~Nap. leg.; [lev. N.:12. in -ga:k (sce 'sweet ; a sweet suhstance', c,g, '\vine'. Survives
saqga:k) fr. SIC-. Not connected w. S W O s n ~ . for 'sweet' in S E Tiirki siiquk/qiicuk: SC;
s l c a k 'hot', which is an abbreviation of Uzb. suquk/ququk: SW Tkm. siiyci, and for
I S I C R ~ ,I)ini. f. of t s ~ g(isig). X a k . X I '\vine' in 0~111. s u c u . 'I'iirkii v111(the Chinese
s~qg$:k nllo$i Jn'f~~ril~i'l-#ri'i!ko!irn(?~) 'with pcople's) snvl: s u f i g 'words are swcct' 1 S
loose ho\veIs'; this word is irregular; because j, II N.4; a.o. do. (2 a x - ) : U s e . V I I I ff. Civ.
the rulc is that there should he an - n instead of in IISp. I a r11an ackriowlcdgrs the receipt of
- k : r\djs. cnnnoting the continuance (nl- y q r l m k n h h o r 'hnlf :I vrsscl of wine' in the
-drrrc1711r) of sntnething arc forrnrd in this \yay third month and [tndertnk:: t o return b i r k ~ b
(examples follotv) Kay. 1470. silgiig 'one vessel of wine In the autumn; 0.0.
s19ga:n a generic word for hoth 'rat' and of siiqug 'wine' do. 6, 6 ; ro, 5 : X a k . XI
'mouse', the first sornetinies specified as u l u g sii:cig 's\veet' (01-i~ttlru)of anything; sii:qig
 TIIIS. V. S C L -
I 111-.vn~~rrhi-'[~yrrilri Innre spccilically 'wine'; 'to be scattered', etc. Son. ZZ()I.. 9 (quotns.):
I this is one of tile words with two opposite X w a r . xrv ditto Qutb 1 s t ; MN 15s.
meanings (nl-odd&!; perhaps because to a
hloslcm wine is'not sweet); and the people of 1) seqil- Pass. f. of seq-; survives only(?) in
the Ila: valley, that is the Yagma:, TUXSI:, SW Az., 'Tkm. skqll-; Osm. secil- 'to he
q i g i l call 'wine' k1z11 siiqig, that is 'red wine' chosen, selected'. Uyg. VIII ff. Man.-A M III
(01-jardh) Kay. I 408;. 0.0. of siiqig, usually 25, I I (iii) (agaru:; this might be s a ~ l l - )Civ.
:
wine', sometimes 'a sweet thing' I154(aqlt-); [gap] 6 ~ t etugta seqildio 'you have been
157; 282, 7; 373 (bl$lg); 166 (koyug); picked out from among your comrades (Hend.)'
I 397 (slgdiir-); 427 (esiirt-): K B siicig TT 1 4 8 : Xak. XI K B biligdin geclldl kigi
t u t g u tll s o z 'he must keep his tongue and ytlkldln 'man was distinguished from the
words sweet' 547; siiqig b u tirlglik 'this animals by his knowledge' 1843.
life is sweet' (and death hitter) 1170; 0.0. 706,
2072 (1 B:z), 2092 (siiqin-) ('wine' in KU is
VU(D) suqul- n1orphologically Pass. f. of
always b o r ) : x~rr(?),At. 209 ( a q ~ g ) ; Tef. *suq- (there is no semantic connection w.
s u q u g (sic) lsliqiig sweet' 278-9: XI^ Alnh. ~u$I:-), but almost consistently used as an
al-hnlw siiciig Rif. 96 (only); sucu: Mel. 54, 7 Active Trans. V. T h e first vowel is prob. -u-,
(tatlgllk); 56,7; 66, I ; 151, 154sii:cii:g66, I ; which is the prevailing form in Kom. N.0.a.b.
165 : F a g . xv ff. s u c u k , same as ciicuk 'sweet, but cf. suqlun-, suqlug-. Cf. soyul-. Xak.
I tasty'(~irirrnua1adid)San. z39r. y; cGcuk(spc1t) X I e r to:nln suquldl: 'the man took off
pirin 212r. 1 2 (quotn.): o g u z X I s u m suqig (nnzu'a) his garment'; also used when a sheep
ne:g 'a very sweet thing' Kay. 1 3 3 8 : Xwar. is flayed (sulira cild11'1-yrit); (in a verse) tijrlug
xrv silciig 'sweet; wine' Qutb 162; s i i ~ i i g c6qe:k s u ~ u l d ~'the : flowers have emerged
I
Nahc. 57,7; 402,s: KIP. xrr~cll-xamr(bor. . .) from the ground' (uxricat . . . minn'l-ard) Kag.
also silcil:, which is anythihg 'sweet' (al-htrlw) II 1 2 2 (suqu1u:r (or suqlu:r?), suqu1ma:k):
Hou. 16,3ff.;01-izulw siicu:, which is also 'grape
KB suqulrna m e n i g d i n b u Im5n ton1 'do
wine' (and ta:!Lu:) do. 27, 8 : xrv(T1cm.) s u c k not strip this garment of faith off me' 393;
a/-ladidir'l-!ruleu; also used for al-xamr; KIP. a.0. 84 (tu:l): XIII(?)Tef. suqul- 'to strip off'
siicii: Id. 51 : xv al-xamr (ga:glr; that which is 278: X w a r . XIV ditto Qutb 161; Nalzc. 39, 9;
made from wheat is called bu:za; and they have 132, 16; 133, I : K o m . xrv 'to strip off (one's
a sort made of raisins called) $iigiig (sic) Kaw. clothes) s o q u l - / ~ u ~ u lC- C I ; ~ u c u l -CCG;
$3! 5: O s m . xrv ff. Sucl, occasionally siicii, Gr.: KIP. xrv suqul- (-c-) ia'arrc 'to be un-
wlne'; c.i.a.p. TTS I65z;;I 853; 111646; I V dressed' Id. 57.
715: X V I I I suci in Rlimi, wine' (yardb) San. D saclan- Refl. Dcn. V. fr. 1 s a q ; s.i.s.m.1.
239r 12. Cf. saclag- Xak. X I e r saqlandl: nabatu
Dis. SCL ja'ru'l-racul 'the man's hair grew' Kas. II
246 (saqlanu:r, saq1anma:k).
D sacllg P.N./A. fr. 1 s a c ; 'hairy' and the
like. S.i.s.in.l. w. some phonetic changes. Uyg. D suqlun- Reil. f. of suqul-; n.0.a.b. TiirkIi
v ~ r rff. Man. M II 11, 16 (tetrii:) X a k , XI vrrr ff. IrkR qq(tltln-): Xak. xr k l l r ~k ~ : n d ~ n
saqllg er 'a hairy (a/-yn'rdni) man' K a f . I suqlundr: 'the sword was drawn (insalia) from
464: X I V Mith. dri yo'r 'possessing hair' the scabbard'; also used of anything that is
sa:qlrg (MS. sa:clii:g) Rif. 83 (only); 'hlack- withdrawn from its place Kaf. I1 246 (suqlu-
haired' kara: sa:q11: Mrl. 10, 17 (only); sdrn nu:r, suq1unma:k).
bi-ya'r 'to become hairy' sa:qlu: bo:l- 27, 15;
(Rij. I I I sa:~.l<it.). D saqlag- Hap. leg.; Recip. Den. V. fr. I
s a c , svn. w. sactag-. Cf. saqlan-. Xak. X I 01
ikki: bile: (sic) saqla$dl: 'those two took hold
Dis. V. SCL- .
of one another's hair' (axada . . p ' r ) Kaj. II
D sacll- Pass. f. of s a c - ; 'to be scattered, 21 5 (saqla$u:r, sac1agma:k).
I sprinkled', ctc. S.i.s.m.1. IV. the same phonetic
changes as sac-. Uyg. vrrr ff. Man.-A tiikiil-
D suqlug- IIap. leg.; Co-op. f. of S U ~ U ~ - .
;Xak. XI 01 m e n i g a d a : k t ~ ntike:n suqluqdl:
m e k s a q a l m a k 'to he poured out and scat-
he helped me to extract ( j i tangif) a thorn
tered' M I11 13, 18 (ii): hlan. M11140, 3 (iii) from my foot'; also used for competing, and
(arpa:): Bud. (they saw the Dudhisattva's for helping to draw (fi sall) a sword from
bones) l n a r u berii a n t a m u n t a saqlllp
yatmtgln 'lying scattered this way and that, the scabhard, etc. Kaj. I1 215 (suqlu$u:r,
suqlugma:k).
here and there' Suw. 625, 10-11; 0.0. TT X
1 436; TM 1V 253, 38: Civ. e d t a v a r saqllur T r i s . SCL
'property and possessions are dissipated' T T
I 74-5: Xak. X I yarma:k s a q l l d ~ :'the silver D F slq111g I'.N./A. fr. ; n.0.a.h. Uyg.
coins (etc.) were scattered' (nufirat) Kag. II r 22 v ~ r rff. Civ. b u tBrt s1q111g b o r l u k 'the vine-
(saqllu:r, saq11ma:k); y a g m u r yagrp s a - yard delimited by these four boundaries'
q1ld1 (translated) 'the rain drops scattered' USp. 13, 9; roy, 11.
(iirta!arot) 11122, 21 ; a.0. 1258, 4: K B yana
s a q l u r a n d ~ ntkrilmig negi 'the property T r i s . V. SCL-
which had been collected is dissipated again' D saqu:la:- Hap. leg.; Den. V; fr. s a w : .
738: Gag. sv ff. sacll- (spelt) ofgcinda pmdan Xak. xr 01 suvluk sacu:la:dl: he made a
I
 fringe (lrrr,il?) for the to\xt,l ((~l-r~~;iidT/,
~IC.)'
h-a#. 111 323 (saqtr:Ia:r, sa(-c~:ln:rlla:k).
Ilis. V. S C N - 'I'ris. SCR
I) saqtn- Refl. f. of s a q - ; s.i.s.ni.1. w. phonetic D s a q r a t k u : Flap. lea.; N.I.fr. saqrat-. Xak.
changes. Xak. xl e r o:zige: su:v saclndl: 'the X I (after sayrat-) hencc 'a kind of trap' (narv'
tnan occupied hinl with sprinkling (bi-rafs) miim'l-frr.uiir) is called saqratgu:; it is rnade
water over himself' h'oj.11 $50 (saqtnu:r, as follows, two twigs are joined together (at an
saq1nma:k): xrlt(?) Tef. sayln- 'to burst, angle), and a cord with nooses in it is fastened
disintegrate' z6+: O s m . X ~ I sacln- 'to between tlicnl. Then it is covered with dust
sprinkle (perfume) over oneself'; In one text and grain is sprinliletl on it; then a hird settles
T 1:Y I V 647. to pick up the grain and a noose entangles its
neck or foot and i t is caught Kai. I1 331
D siiqin- Refl. f. uf siiqi:-; n.o.a.b. Xak. xr (prov.).
e r s8:zke: siiqlndi: 'thc man took pleasure
(zcnmifa . . . !roldrrvr) in talking, and spent his Dis. V. SCS-
tinie on it instead of getting on with his work' U s a p g - Co-op. f. of s a c - ; the Caus. f.
KO$. I1 150 (siiqinu:r, siiqinme:k; prov.): saqlgtur- s.i.s.m.1. with phonetic changes.
K B (Avtoldi) t a p r ~ g k asiiqirldi 'took pleasure X a k . xr 01 m a g a : yarma:k s n q ~ g d t : 'he
in serving' (the king) 618; siicigke suqinse helped nle to scatter(fi nafr) the silver coins',
a j u n begleri 'if the lords of tlie \\rorld take (etc.); also used for con~petingKO?.I1 92
pleasure in sweet things' (the ills of the com- (saqlgu:r, sac1gma:k; MS., in error, -me:k).
moil people are bitter) 2092.
D suqlg- Hap. leg.; Co-op. f. of SU$I:-; the
'I'ris. S C N MS. shows a double vocalization ypy-/syuy-.
Xak. xr at1u:r k n m u k s u q r g d ~ : the horses
U s a p n d ~ I'ass.
: Llev. N./A. fr. s a p - ; sur- (etc.) all reared together' (istaljabaf, for
vives w. sanie meaning in SW Osm. saqlntl. istawtabat) Kag. II 92 (suq~cju:r,suq1gma:k).
Xak. xr s a ~ l n d r :ne:g 'anything throy? away
a ~ ~ ~I r449.
or scattered' ( a l - ~ n n ! r ~ i l t ~ c ' l - ~ nKag. i~') D sii:qiq- Hap. leg.; Co-op. f. of s a c k - . Xak.
XI sii:qigdi: ne:g !r?ha'l-~JI'foa'!~lawld ba'dtrhu
Dis. V. SCR- f i bn'd 'sorne of the things were agreeable and
D siiqir- Hap. k g . ; unusual Incl~oativef. of sweet' Kaj. I1 92 (su$igii:r, siiqivme:k, sic).
siici:-. Xak. XI a q ~ i :ne:o siicirdi: 'the bitter
thing became agreeable and sweet' (tab0 . . . &Ion. S D
sG:t (-d) 'milk'. C.i.a.p.a.1. . in SW Osm. Sfit,
zvcr'!ilaml8) Kq.11 7; (suqire:r, sii$irme:k).
before rowels sUcl-; l'km. k Y t , siiycl-. UyR.
I) sacra:- Ilcn. V. fr. saqa:r Aor. Participle vlIr fT. hlati. [gap] siitden y e m e [gap] Wind.
of snq-; 'to rpirt, (of sparks) to tly, to jump'. 2 : Ilud. siit 'inilk' is onc of the prcscrihcd food
and the like. Survi\.e:: i.1 SE 'I'iirki $ a p ~ - / (ag) o f i r i r ~ g sin ?"I't'1I 16, 8 ctc.: Civ. slit
y q r i - 'to spirt': NC I<z?t. v o ~ r a - l ~ n g r r a - is a conwnon ingredient in remedies in If 1,
t c r splash, spatter, crumble, stragplc'; SC Uzb. e . g . It s u t i n iqgiil (sic) 'drinlc dog's milk' 21 ;
s a c r a - 'to spirt, spnrk', etc. : S W Az., Ostn., 0.1,. II I1 30, 144; Y'?' I'11 several, V I I I
'Ilm. slqra- 'to spirt, jun~p,jump up'. Xnk. xr ill.34 (spelt siiiih): Xuk. X I sii:t a/-labon 'milk'
(the blood horse galloped; red sparks were hirj.111 rzo; 30 0.0. all spelt s k t : K B (if
struck (by its hooves); they set fire to the dry good q~~alities enter a child) iiriig siit blle
gr;tss) s a c r a p atlrrl Brteyikr 'they fly and 'with (its mother's) white milk', 881; 0.0.
thereupon burn it' f i r . II 133, 16; n.m.e.: 4442+ 5881: xlrr(?) Tcf. s u t 'milk' 279: slv
Gag. xv ff. sacra-(-p) srcrn- Vel. 272; Sacra- A91th. 01-lnbaa sii:t Alel. 66, 7 ; Rif. 165; a/-
m r ~ n 'to i ~ jump, spring (of sparks), to fly', etc. -radi' 'an irifant at tlie breast' su:t emge:n 48,
Sari. 229)'. I j (quotn. ; n.hcn the arrow of fate I 5; 143 : Gag. xv ff. siit siid . . . jir ma'niistno
s a q r a d ~'has sprung forward' p m the bow of 'milk' V P ~291 . (quotn.): X w a r . xrlr(?) ditto
destiny): X w a r . rrv s a c r a - to jump' Qrrtb Ofi. 79: Kom. xrv ditto C C I ; Gr.: Klp. xrrr
150: KIP. xrv Vaqra- ( - c - ) !artago 'to spirt; (of nl-!tolib 'fresh milk' siit Ifotr. 16, 12: stv Stit
a pen) to splutter' 1c/. 56; fny/nfa ditto slqra- a/-labo??Id. gr ; al-!rolil, siit(d) Llrrl. 8,2: xv a/-
B~rl.58r.: xvtarfaya $a$ra- T I I ~243. . 8; fazza -1abanu'i-Iralib siit Kau. 63, 4; !lalib siit Tuh.
rca rr,iffa 'to be startled, to jo111p' (PU t ~ r p ~ l d a - [fa. 1 1 ; / o I ~ R siit ~io. 31b. 12: O s m . xlv
Isekir-1) glvra- (in margin, 'also s q r a - ' ) do. to xvr siid so spelt, in phr. TTS 11' 720 (and
28b. 6. see I'rl. above).
I) saqrat- Cnus. f. of sacra:-; survives in
SE Turki qaqrat-, etc., as sacra:-. Xak. Mon. V. S D -
X I 01 mngo: su:v sagrattn: 'he accidentnlly IT)s a t - 'to sell'; proh. Calls. f. of sa:-, in the
splashed (a~~!nra. . . ?iri?t@IJT qusd) water on sense o f [linking the customer count out the
tile'. RS e.g. when one pours water, oil or any price. 'The converse 'to buy' seems originally
other liquid from one vessel to another, and to have heen simply al- 'to take', but the phr.
drops of it are scattered aird fall vn a garment s a t g ~ n((1.v.) al- appeared at an early date.
or something; also used \\'l~eli a iiian has IJyg. vrrr ff. Bud. (the butchers)
broken a piece of mt>odand a bit of it flies off ~ l i ~ ' E s~a tkn rn 'sell their nieat and blood'
 DIS SDG
PP 3, .>-5;satayln 'I nil1 sell' (my life to buy 4892; ktza baktl yerdln s a t a k a l k a n ~'the
your life) ( I I V 36. roo: Civ. the phr. t o g u r u shield of dawn (i.e. its spreading light) looked
(or t o g r u ) tumlttu s a t - 'to sell outright, redly from the ground' 4895 ; 0.0. 3840 ( s a t a
irrevocably' is common on contracts, see kalkanr); 5679.
toguru:: Xak. X I 01 tava:r sattl: 'he sold
(bd'a) the goods' (etc.) Kay. II 295 ( s a t a x , Dis. V. SDD-
satma:k); a.o.o. in .grammatical examples: D sldit- Hap. leg.; Caus. f. of si:d; cf.
K B bilig s a t s a bilge biliglig a l l r 'if the sage si:dtlir-. Xak. XI ura:gut oglln aiditti: 'the
sells wisdom, the wise man buys it' 470; a.o. woman made her child urinate' (abdlat); also
2641: XIII(?) At. a n m s a t t l m 8 l t n 'he has used of a horseman when he makes his horse
sold his property for its (wisdom's) sake' 238; urinate Kai. 11302 (siditil:r, siditme:k).
Tef. s a t - 'to sell' 263: X I V Muh. ba'a sa:t-/
sa:(- Mel. 19, 21; 23, I I ; 33, 6 ; Rif. 99, 105, D si:dtiir- Caus. f. of si:d-; s.i.s.m.l., usually
"7; al-bay' 8a:tmak 35, 16; I 21 : Gag. xv ff. as siydir- or the like. Cf. sidit-. Xak. XI 01
s a t - furfixtan 'to sell' San. 228v. 27 (quotn.): oglln sittiirdi: 'he made his child urinate'
X w a r . xrrr ditto 'Ali 26: X I V ditto Qutb (abdla); also used of horses; originally si:d-
155: Kom. xlv ditto C C I ; Gr.: KIP. xlrr tiirdi: but assimilated Kay. 11 183 (sittiirur,
b6'a mitta'l-bay' sa:t- Ifou. 38, 12: X I V vat- sittiirme:k).
bd'a i d . 58; s a t - Bul. 34, 5 : s v bri'a 9a:f-
IGv. 68, 15; s a t - Tulr. 8a. 7; a.ci.o. VUD so:dtur- flap. leg.; Caus. f. of soid-.
Xak. X I 01 an19 yu:zige: sotturdl: abzaqa
bi-wachihi 'he made (people) spit in his face';
originally so:dturdt:; so:dturur, sotturma:k
Si:d- 'to urinate'. S.i.a.m.l.g., usually as siy-; assimilated (sic) Kay. I1 183.
SW Tkm. si:-; cf. kaqan-. Uyg. vrlr fi. Clv.
ykrke sirlip 'urinating on the ground' H 174: Dis. S D ~
Xak. xr e r sitti: 'the man (etc.) urinated'
(be@); originally si:dti: but assimilated D s a t l p N.Ac. fr. s a t - ; lit. 'selling', but
(ndgzma) Kay. I1 295 (side:r, sidme:k); e r usually more specifically 'trade, commerce',
si:dti: ditto III 440 (si:de:r, si:dme:k) xrv and sometimes 'sale price'. S.i.s.m.1. as
Muh. bdla siy- (or? si:-) Mel. 23, 13; Rif. 105; satlg/satl/satu. See s a t g m . Uyg. vrlr ff.
al-bawl s i y m e g (?si:meg) 34, 8 ; 119; law- Bud. Sanskrit dharrnqa ,to vanik caret 'a man
wata 'to defile', and the like siy- (?sf:-) 31, 3; must not trade in the (tnte) doctrine' n o m
( I 15, I'U si:be:-): K o m . XIV 'to urinate' siy- iize: ne:g satrg yulu:g kllguluk e r m e z TT
CCI, C C G ; Gr.: KIP. XIII bdla mina'l-bawl VIII E.9; 0.0. of s a t @ yulug PP 13, 7 ff.
siy- (?or si:-) IIou. 38, 11: xrv si- (sic) bdla ((igtun); U 1177,25 ; 86,42; T T V I 104; VII
Id. 51 ; bdla siy- (sic) Bul. 34r.: xv b d a 40, 68; (your brother has gone to another
tnina'l-bow[ (MS.niibwal) sly- (or si:- ?) Kav. country) satlgka 'to trade' U III 82, 14: Civ.
77, 6; bela s i - 7irlt. 80. 12; a.0. 83h. 10. s a t t g kllsa 'if one trades' TT VIZ 28, l o ;
0.0. do. 15 and 40; in the commercial docu-
VU s0:d- 'to spit'; the long vowel suggests ments in USp. s a t ~ gwhich
, is common, nearly
-0:- rather than -u:- but n.o.a.b.; now dis- always means 'sale price', e.g. b u tavarnlg
placed everywhere by tukiir- which is first satlgl 'the sale price of these goods' 8, 4-5:
noted in A.ltth. and the Ibp. nuthorities. Cf. Xak. xr s a t t g al-mtth6ya'a 'trade, commerce'
yar1a:-. Uyg. vnr ff. Man. sodmlg yarca Kag. I 374: KB (you must wage stem war
'like spittle which has been ejected' T T III against the infidels) yulugla b u igke etoz kt1
I 12: Civ. I f 11 12, I I r ; 14, 134. Xak. XI 01 s a t t g 'take risks in this affair making your
klvi: yu:zi:ge: sotti: 'he spat (bazaqa) in the body the price' 4227; (the merchant) s a t t g
man's face'; originally so:dtl: but assimilated birle t l n m a z 'never rests from trading' 4419;
Kaf. I1 295 (sodax, sodma:k); e r so:dtl: a.0. 5108: xr~r(?)Tef.sat@ 'trade' 263: Gag.
'the man (etc.) spat' III 439 (so:da:r, SO:^)- xv ff. s a t @ jurUxt 'selling'; s a t @ allg m r i d u
ma:k; prov.); 0.0. I341 (vtrt): I1 80(sagur-); jurcxt uw dn'd u sitad 'buying and selling, com-
III 132, I 9 (same prov.). merce' San. 22pr. 22 (quotn.): Xwar. xrlr
s a t u 'selling' Ali 54: Kom. xlv 'trade'
Dis. SDA satlglsatlk C C I ; satov C C G ; Gr.: O s m .
xrv to XVII s a t u (I) 'trade'; (2) 'things sold';
F sata: pec. to Xak., and discussed in Clauson, (3) 'market' (also satu b a z a r 'buying and
'Early Turkish Astronomical Terms, UAY, selling'); common TTS I 603; 11 798; 111
XXX D, 1963, p. 365, wherejt is suggested that 602 ;I V 666.
it is a I.-w. from Ar. sari' the dawn'. If so,
the meaning 'coral' is a metaph, arising fr. its D s l d ~ g l s i d i gprima facie a Dev. N. fr.
pink colour. Uyg. Bud. VIII ff. stta (sic) occurs *sld- and cognate to s t d l r - ; it would suit
with gold, silver, crystal, jade, pearls, etc. in both words if *ssd- meant 'to come away in
a list of jewels Strv. 515, 17: Xak. XI sata: layers, peel off' (Intrans.); there is obviously
al-basgad (1.-w. from Pe. bassad). 'coral' no connection w. s1:d- so Kay.'s preference for
Kay. III 218: K B 77 (same meanmg, see sidig seems misplaced. Pec. to Kq. Xak. XI
qomguk) ; (the air was dark . . . then) s a t a s t d l g ohad daylayi'l-qab6 ili'l-talbib mina'l-
koptl ykrdin yadtldl buttk 'the dawn rose -c&ibayt 'one of the two skirts of a robe up to
from the ground a!id its branches spread out' the collar from the two sides'; hence one says
 DIS.
stc_l~i: y:~pt:p oliurdt: 'IIC drelv topethcr s a t p o s a : kii:qin kevr:r 'if they c < ~ n l c~ ) n
(!inrrrrrrr~] tn hiniself the two sidrs of the robe nu>-one;iricl t r ; ~ ~ r ~0p1 1l rhir~tf/TI-nnrrf at2 'ol,ryIrr
and sat down'; thir 1s a sip1 of refinement rua snbhn/nlit~),they snp his strength'; the phr.
(ntr~ro'l-IIU'I~O); SI?I& fur~cir'l-osndtz bayna'[- relating to roads and dehts are O g u z Kof. 111
-/;!!at 'the gaps in the teeth het\vecn the gums'; 288 ( s a t g a : r , satga:ma:k): K B (when you
hence one says to sorneonc who is told to take your seat, know \ o u r proper place and)
keep a secret bu: so:zni: s l d r g d l n srzttma: kiglg satgarnag11 'do not trcad on people'
'do not let this statement pass (I6 ftrdib) the 4112; o.o. 707 (baslt-), 5709, 6441: O g u z
gaps in your teeth', that is 'do not disclose it' see Xak.: K o m . xrv s a t k a - to injure'(?)
KO!. I 374: sicjig 'one of the two skirts CCG; Gr. 21s (in an nhscure phr.).
(cAniboyn) of a robe'; it is tnore correct
(n?rsnn) than S I ~ Kap. I ~ 1389.
sttea:- as such IIap. leg., but survives w. the
snnlc niearrirrg i r l S\V Osni. srga-. Xak. xr
I'UD sorJuk Pass. Dev. N./A. fr. ~ 0 : Q - pcc.
i 01 ko:ltn sttga:di: jomrnora yorlo1111'he rolled
to Ka$. Xak. sr s o d u k 01-hr~zaq 'spittle' Kay. irp his sleeves' Iioi. I11 288 (sltga:r, s ~ t g a : -
I 381 ; 0.0. I11 102 (yugrug-, translated al-riq m a : k ) ; a.o. 1 3 2 5 , 9.
'spittle'); 111321, 4.
1) s a t g a l - Ilnp. leg.; I'nss. f. OF satgn:-; the
U satga:g Dev. N . ~ Afr.. sat&a:-; 'ill-treated, second meaning ic ~>rcsumol,lyOguz. X a k . X I
oppressed; ill-tr~atrnent,opprcssion'. Pec. to e r hoynr: s a t g a l d t : 'thy rilnu's neck (etc.) was
1<U. X a k . xr K n b u s a t g a g b a s t n c a k troddrri on' (rrr!!iynt); :~lsouscd of a debt \vlien
uqun 'hc.cause of this oppression and scorn' it has hccn cnncellcd (irrllaffn) Iry something
911; a.o. 912; neqe s a t g a g e r s e b u e d g u tvf~ich balances it (yrrfc.(ii3irrr1lrrr) Ka?. I1 233
ki$I 'Iiowever much the good man may be (satgalu:r, satga1ma:k).
oppressed' yry; a.o. 924; (there are many
wicked men in the r y l m ) yavag bold1 s a t g a g D s ~ t g a l -IIap. leg.; Pass. f. of 61tga:-. Xak.
k o t u r m e z bag1 the men of peace get XI yQ9 sltgaldt: yummiro'l-ktrtn~ndn 'the two
oppressed and do not raise their heads' 6453. sleeves were rolled up' Kaj. II 233 ( s ~ t g a l u r ,
sltga1ma:k).
L) s a t p t n Pass. Llev. N./A. fr. s a t # ; 'sold'; D s t t g a n - TIap. leg.; Kefl f. of s ~ t g a : - .X a k .
used only in the phr. s a t g t n nl- 'to receive xr e r s l t g a n d ~ :'the nian tucked hinlself up'
something sold', i.e. 'to buy'. Survives only (or 'prepared hitnself'; firgorn~nom);also used
( ? ) i n SW Az., Osm. 'Tkm. s a t i n a l - ; thc com- when he hns tucked up his clothitig (potnnmro
Inoner phr. for 'to buy' in other rnodern lan- inzcbohrr); Intrans. and 'l'ran?. Kaf. I1 245
guages is s a t t p al-. Uyg. vrrr ff. Bud. (I will (sttganu:r, srtgann1a:k).
scll my life and) s i z l e r n i ~i s i g oziigiizlerni
s a t e m a l a y ~ n'hup Tour lives' U I V 36, D s a t g a g - Recip. f. of sat2a:-; survives as
100-1: Cir. ud sntfirn a l s n r 'if one buys an s a t a g - with a wide ranxe of nieoninrs in NII'
OX' 1'7' 1'11 39, 2: (Xak.) z~rr(?)Tef. sat111 I<az. 'to lose one's way; to lose otic's sensc3'
al- 'to buy' 264: X I V iLlrrh. i$Iarlr 'to buy' R I V 378; No& 'to lose onc's way; to he at a
sa:tu:n al- illel. 22, i I ; Hif. 103; al-~ir6' loss'; S W Az. 'to tease, pcstcr, p r o v ~ k e tnnck
,
s:c:tkun a l m n k 126 (on!!.): V:I~. s v ff. s a t - (someone Dot.)'; 0 ~ 1 1 1 . ditto and 'to be
k u n a l - ( - ~ p )sottitl nl- L'el. 272; s a t k u n al- aggressive, seek n quarrel'; 'I'krn. 'to be cn-
soridon 'to buy' Son. 22pr; 9 (cluotn.): X w a r . posed to (e.g. p i n I h t . ) ; to rneet (sotiieone);
X I I I s a t u n a1- 'to huy Ali 56: K o m . xrv to see one another; to do business (with
ditto C C I ; Gr.: KIP. s r r r iptorci sa:tun a l - solrteone Ilc~t.)'X a k . XI o1n:r bl:r ikindi:
tiotr. 37, 7: X I V s a t n a a l - (sic) ditto id. 58: hile: s a t g n g d ~ :'they trod (rasogc) on one
s v ditto sa:tftn a l - kirc. 12, 17; sa:pn a l - another's flecks'; also used when people outdo
,tor,.3 1 , 7 ; sctpn a l - 7'1rk. 87a. 5 . one another in arrogance (yrt'obbar hihi 'rmi'l-
-tn!d'rtl); and one says 01 m a g a : yo:lda:
Dis. V. SDG- s a t g a a d l : 'he met me face to face (Iaqiynni
s a t @ - bnsic;llly 'to tread, or trample, on
. . . t~rtmuZcoltoto(~~)) on the road'; Krrp. I1 2 14
(satRn$u:r, satgagma:k): XIII(?)l'ef. s a t -
(sotncthing Acc.)' wit11 some extended niean- gag-lsatxag- 'to meet (someone Dnt.), to
ings. Etymology ohscure; with no semantic come together' 263; s a t a g - do. 272 (see
connection \v. s a t i g . N.o.a.h., but see s a t - s ~ t g a p - ) :O g u z X I (after Xak.) and in 0 g u z
gag-. Uyg. V I I I ff. Bud. t u r n e n b c r e t a g l a r d a one says ola:r a l ~ mb d r i m bile: s a t g a g d ~ :
a r g u l a r s n t g a p b u l t t t g t u m a n l g 'for 'they cancelled (qa~sn) their nlutual debts'
lo,ooo (Chinese) li the valleys in the mountains Kap. II 214: X w a r . srr~s n t a g - 'to meet' 'Ali
P ~ s t h r o u g hclouds and mist' 7'1' I X , p. 22, 57: s r v s a t g a v - 'to meet (sonieone Dot.)'
~ i o t c77. 5 (n Iliien-1s. frapliient): X a k . X I 01 Nnltc. 83, 9 ; 252, 12-13; 432, 2 : O s m . srvff.
a n t 9 boyntn satgn:dl: 'he trod ( t n x n ~ ~ 2on) Satag- ( I ) 'to encounter, or experience (some-
his neck'; and one says bi:r yo:l bi:rig thing disngreeable Dnf.)';(2) 'to meet (some-
s a t g a : d ~ : (translated) 'the southerly road one)'; c.i.a.p.: s v r ~ rsatag-, in Rtinri, n~rrbfoli
crossed (czzn) the wrstcrly road'; and one says mn driclir inrlnn 'to be distressed; to experience'
a l r m b6:rlnlni: satea:dt: 'the debt due to Snn. 2 2 9 ~ 20 . (quot~i.).
hirn cancelled (iqtn&ln) the debt due from
him'; (in a 7:ers.e; the d:+ys aticl nights of this 1) s l t g a g - IIap. leg.; Co-np. f. of sttga:-.
world pass like travellers) k i m n l : kalt: X a k . X I ola:r k a t n u g bile:k sttgavdi: 'the
 DIS SDM.
nicn all n~lledup their sleeves' (taganrmarat . . . wished to clcr so' Kaj. 111 333 (satlgsa:r,
'ani'l-hrrmmayn); also used for helping and corn- sattgsa:ma:k; verse).
peting Kag. II 214 (sltgagu:r, sttgarjma:k):
( x ~ r ~ ( TP/.
? ) 272 s ~ t a g - ,the transcription of Dis. SDG
a V. w. the sin unvocalized, translated 'to D sidiik Pass. Dev. N. fr. d : d - ; 'urine'.
come together; to encounter', is clearly an S.i.a.m.l.g., usually as sidik, but in NC Kir.:
error for satag-). S C Uzh. S W Tkm. siydik. These forms
are irregular, since s i d u k should become
Tris. S D ~ siylik/siylk and suggest that besides sldlik
D satlgqt: N.Ag. fr. s a t @ ; 'merchant, sales- there was another form *sidtiik, with the
man', and the like. S.i.a.m.l.g. w. some I'ass. Suff. -tiik, which is of the nature of a Past
phonetic changes. Cf. s a t g u : ~ ~ : .T u r k u Participle. Uyg. vrrrff. Civ. teve
vlIr ff. sattgql: e r Toyoh I Y r . 3 ( E T Y I I 180): H sudiikin a l ~ p'take camel's urine and . . .'
I 54; biiri m a y a k t u d si(du)ki birle
Uyg. vr11ff. Bud. PP 22, 8 ff. (eren); snttgql 'wolf's dung and ox's urine' do. 102: Xak. XI
merchant' is common in Kuan. 43, etc.: Civ. sidiik (MS. siduk) al-bawl acma' 'urine', In
K t s a k s a t r g c ~ k a 'to Krsak, the merchant'
general Kay. 1 3 8 9 ; (in a grammatical section)
USp. 72, 67: Xak. xr K B Chap. 58 (4419 ff.) one says sidti: bdla and thence al-bawl is called
lays down rules for dcaling wit11 satlgql 'mer-
s i d u k (sic) 111 321, 5: ~ I VMuh. al&ami
chants': xrv Muh. a/-bayi' 'merchant' sa:tr$t: si:duk Mel. 48, I ; si:tuk Rg. 142: Kom. xrv
Mel. 56, 14; sa:tlgql: Rf. 154: Gag. xv ff. 'urine' sidiklsiy C C I ; Gr.: KIP. xrrr al-bard
sattgvl daldl wa dast-ftirri~ 'auctioneer, re-
si:dik (or siydik?) Hou. 21, 19: x ~ vsitllk
tailer', who kecps goods on h:~ndand sells them a/-bawl; sidiik al-bawl, also s i t u k Id. 5 1 : xv
Son. 229v. 23 (quotn.): Kom. xrv 'merchant'
satugvl C C I ; Gr.: Klp. xrrr al-bayyd' al-bawl s i d i k Tuh. 7a. 7; a.0. 83b. 9: O s m .
xrv sidiiklsidik both noted TTS I1 824;
sa:taql: Horc. 24, 1.
I V 692.
D s a t g u : ~ :Uev.
~ N./Ag. fr. s a t - ; 'a seller', a Dis. V. SDG-
rather more limited term than s a t ~ g c l : ; I) su:tger- Hap. leg.; Intrans. Den. V. fr.
n.0.a.b.; all modern words go hack to sattg$l:. sii:t. Xak. X I y u g r u t su:tgerdi: 'the yoiurt
Uyg. vlrr ff. Bud. (if we have been hunters,
butchers or) t t e t i n s a t g u q ~'sellers of dog oozed (yagtur) until it became like milk in
meat' TT I V 8, 58-9; U 11 84, 11: Gag. liquidityl(firiqqatihi) Ka$. 1 1189 (sutgire:r,
sutgirme:k, sic).
xv ff. satguqt 'uml7mftrrtiganda 'a general term
for seller' San. 2 2 9 ~ .25. Dis. V. SDL-
D sattgllg P.N./A. fr. s a t @ ; apparently D s a t ~ l -Pass. f. of s a t - ; ~.i.a.m.l.~. Xak. XI
having a (high) price (set on it)'. N.o.a.h. tava:r sattldl: bi'ati'l-ril'a 'the commodity
Uyg. vtrr ff. Dud. b u r x a n l a r n t q a g l r was sold' Kaj. II 121 (sattlur, satt1ma:k:)
snttgllg n o m t n n o m l a y u r m e n 'I preach the Gag. xv ff. satll- furtixta gridan 'to be sold'
highly priced (i.e. precious) doctrine of the Son. 229r. 7: X w a r . ~ I I I~ a t t l ditto - 'Ali 33:
Ijuddhas' U 11147, 26. Klp. ~ I I (in
I a list of names for slaves) Satllmlg
mabyri' 'sold' Hou. 30, 4 : xrv gafllmtg (h?S.
D snttgltk A.N. (Conc. N.) fr. s a t l g ; survivcs $ataimtg) a Proper Name ('alam) derived fr.
in SW Osm. s a t t l ~ k'something for sale' the Pass. Participle meaning a/-mabi' fd. 58.
(horse, house, etc.). Xak. XI sattgllk ne:g
fay' mu'add li'l-bay' 'something destined for ?E satlan- See ~ a t l a n - .
sale' Kag. I 503: KIP. xv mahi' 'for sale'
s a t ~ l t kTuh. 35b. 3. T r i s . V. SDL-
D satlgstz Priv. N./A. fr. s a t l s ; r rice less', D satu:la:- Den. V. fr. *satu:; there is no
ip the sense of 'beyond price'. N.0.a.b. Uyg. trace of any cognate word, but its form is
V I I I ff. Bud. (persons who search for gold, reasonablv wcll established. N.0.a.b. Xak. XI
silver, pearls, and) satlgslz ertiniler 'price- 01 t e l i m satu:la:d~: takallama hi-kal~imkafir
less jewels' K~iarr. 19; a.o. do. 157 (kandegu:). la manfa'afihi 'he said a great many things of
no value' Kaj. 111 323 (satu:la:r, satu:la:-
ma:k); sa:tu:layu: (sic) sayravlp t a t l t g
T r l s . V. SDG- ii:nln kug iine:r 'a bird rises singing volubly
U sattg1a:- Hap. leg.; Den. V. fr. s a t @ with a sweet note' III 194, 16.
Xak. xr 01 ant!) birle: sat1gla:dl: bdya'a
n~a'ahti nrina'l-bay' 'he traded with him'; the Dis. S D M
more correct form (al-agaIt!z) is sattglaadt: P U ? E s a t m a : Hap. leg.; a Pass. Dev. N.;
hut both words are used' Kag. 111336 (satlg- there is obviously no connection w. sat-, but
l a x , sat1gla:ma:k). a Dev. N. fr. sap-, in the sense of 'something
1) sattglag- See sat1gla:-. grafted or fastened on' would suit the meaning.
Xak. xr s a t m a : a/- 'irzdl, that is 'a small
D sattgsa:- Hap. leg.; Desid. Den. V, fr. platfom (ruff) which a night-watchman (al-
satlg. Xak. XI e r a t t n sat1gsa:dl: 'the man -n@tir) fastens in a tree to sit on at night' Kag.
was on the point of selling(yabi') his horse, and 1433.
8841125 Dd
 SDN
Dis. SDN yarlndak. O g u z xi s l d r t m (MS. srdrrnr) 'a
?F s a t u n 'garlic'; perhaps a I.-w.; n.0.a.b. strap' (of-qidd); and one says s ~ d r ~(ditto)
m
Cf. s a r u m s a k . Uyg. vrrrff. Civ. (for a q l i g e r 'a man \I ho performs a task(yn'mo1tr'l-
chronic catarrh) s o g u n sakalt s a t u n s a k a l ~ -'amal) and leavcs no part of it for anyone else'
birle s o k u p 'pound onion rootlets (lit. KO$.1 4 8 5 ; a.o. 1 5 1 7 ("d~r-, not described as
'beard') and garlic rootlets together and . . .' Oguz): Klp. xlv s l r l m a/-sayr minn'l-ctilrid
H I 144-5; 0.0. do. 176 (yanq-); II 12, l o r : 'a leather strap' Id. 52: 9t:rrm 'a white
x ~ v Chin.-Uyi. Dicf. suan 'garlic' (Giles (nbynd) strap'; see s i r t m do. 57.
10,381) s a t u n R I V 380, 388 (mdtm); I.igeli
Dis. V. SDR-
193.
Dis. V. S D N - J) sa:tur- Caus. f. of sn:-; n.o.n.b. Xnk. xr
01 a n a r ko:y s x t u r d ~ a'ndrialru'l-#airam
: 'he
D satln- Refl. f. of s a t - ; s.i.s.m.l. usually fur ordered him to count the sheep'(etc.) Kay. I11
'to sell for oneself'. Xak. xr e r a t r n satlndl: 186 (sa:turur, sa:turma:k); 0.0. III 192, r I .
'the nlan pretended to sell (ynbi') his horse'
KO?. II 150 (sattnu:r, sat1nmn:k). D s a t t u r - Caus. f. of s a t - ; s.i.n~.tn.l.g. as
s a t t u r - l s a t t l r - . Xak. XI 01 m e n @ tava:rlg
Dis. SDR sat turd^: ab6'a mat6'i 'he ordered that my
sa:trr Hap. leg. Xak. xr sa:tlr a tcnn o f abuse goods should be sold' Kay. I1 183 ( s a t t u r u r ,
(sobb) meaning 'you without a pedigree' (man satturma:k): Gall. xvff. sattur-. Caus. f.;
Id as1 lnhri) Kay. 1406. frirtijlindan 'to order to sell' Son. 229r. 8: Kip.
xv thc Caus. f. of $a:t-, bci'a, is qa:ttlr-; it
F s l t i r I.-w. fr. Sogdian sf'yr, which is itself should be ga:tdtr- but the - t i - has been
a I.-w. fr. Greek stater 'a silver coin'. Common assimilated Kau. 68, 15.
in USp. and Fam. Arch. as a unit of currency,
occasionally as a unit of weight. T h e Dat. ?D siflrr- 'to strip, peel, scrape', and the like;
s i t l r k a grves the quality of the rowels. perhaps Caus. f. of * s I ~ - see
, sldlg. S.i.a.m.l.g.
Study of the documents shows that there were except SE(?), ustlally as slylr-, but slzlr- in
three units of currency, the b a k l r 'copper' some NE languages, sidir- in SC IJzb. and
representing the Chinese ch'ien 'copfer cash' SW Tkm. s1:r-. Cf. soy-. Xak. xr b u e r 01
(Gifes 1,736) of which ten were equal to a sltlr, s ~ d r t ms1dlrga:n 'this man is constantly
the sitlr, and the y a s t u k equal to fifty sltlr. making straps' (01-qidd) and cutting them in
As units of weight the b a k l r was a Chinese strips (yaqrrddrihu) from a hide and stripping
'mace' or one-tenth of an ounce, and the s t t l r (yaqpir) the hair from them; also used of
the Chinese liong 'ounce' (Giles 7,010). These anyone whose nature it is to strip (or pccl)
words arc discussed in F. R'. K. hliiller, things (mnn klina f i tab'ihi qqni'l-gay') I 5 r 7;
'Uigorische C;lossen', p. 319, Festsclrrifl fur n.m.e.: (xrv Mtih. see srdrrl-).
Friedrich lfirth, Berlin, 1920. I..-w. in Mong. D s1:tur- Nnp. leg.; CRIIS.f. of SI:-. Xak.
as ~ i c i 'refined
r gold, gold leaf' (kbm. 1508).
Uyg. vru ff. Civ. USp. 18, 3 (baktr), etc.- xr 01 o t u n s ~ : t u r d l :aksrira'l-lmfob 'he had
iiq s t t l r t a m g e kiimiiq do. 64, 18 secms to the firewood (etc.) broken up' Kny. III 187
( s x t u r u r , s1:turma:k).
mean 'three sttir in (minted) coin'-] s i t l r ~t
siitin 'one ounce of dog's milk' H 1 6 2 : xlv S sittlir- See si:dtiir-.
Chin.-Uyi. Dict. liang 'ounce' s i t l r R I V
720 (siriir, misti-anslated), Ligeti 195. S s o t t u r - See so:rJtur-.
D sedrek N.1A.S. fr. sedre:-. Survives in sedre:- survives only(?) in NC X I X ( ? not xx)
NC Klr. seyrek (I) 'rare, scarce': (2) (of Kzx. s i r e - 'to he planted at wide intervals'.
forests, crops, etc.) 'sparse'; Kzx. s i r e k 'rare': Xak. XI kiqi: sedre:d~:(MS. s e d r ~ d i but
, in
NIV Kk., Kumyk, Nog. s i y r e k ; Kaz. sl:rek all other V.s in the section the second vowel
'rare; sparse; loosely woven': SW Az., is long) xaffat znhmatri'l-nris 'the crowd of
Osn~..Tkm. seyrek ditto. Uyg. V I I I ff. Bud. people dispersed' (or was scattered); and one
Sanskrit chidribhlifa 'har-ing become pappy or says to:n sedre:di: (ditto) 'the garment was
perforated' se:dre:k ( - I - ) bolmlg1a:r TT losely woven and worn thin' (tnhalhala
1'111 A.40: Xak. X I s e d r e k bii:z 'loosely rcn'ncamnn, MS. 'ncnm'nnn) kbj. 111 277
woven (al-tnuhallmlti'l-nnsc) cotton fabric'; (sedre:r, sedre:me:k); a.0. III 167 (olgun).
s e d r e k k a p u g al-snnctira, that is 'a lattice
work (mri~nbbah) door' Kay. I 477; k o n a k
D sedret- Hap. leg.; Caus. f. of sedre:-.
b a y : sedreki ykg 'a head of millet is best Xak. X I 01 to:nug sedretti: 'he wove the
garment loosely' (Imlhnla); and one says 01
when it has few seeds' (h6no qnlila'l-habb) I kiql:nl: sedretti: 'he dispersed (qallala) the
384, 12: Gag. xv ff. s e y e k mufnxalxil wa crowd of people'; also used for dispersing and
ham mucimm rua raqiq dispersed, sparsely
filled, thin'; in Pe. tnnuh San. 238r. 23: Kom. scattering (oxaffa) a crowd of anything Kaf,
xrv 'scattered, scanty' seyrek C C I ; Gr.
II 332 (se3retii:r. sedretme:k; MS. twice
sedret-).
*searem Sce seyrem.
D slpril- I'USS.f. of S I ~ I T -s.i.s.m.l.
; with the
D s ~ d r l r nN.S.A. fr. s ~ d l r - lit.
; 'a single strip'. same phonetic changes; in some, e.g. S W
Survives in SW Osm. s i r l m 'strap'. Cf. kadlg, Osm., as well as having its usually Pass.
 M O N . SG 803
meaning 'to be stripped, scraped', etc., it is See Doerfer I11 1047. Uyg. V I I I ff. ~ " d s. a g
used as an Intrans. V. meaning 'to slip, slip y a g T M I V 252, 22: Civ. s a g y a g H I 1 4 5 :
away', and the like. Xak. xr ballk eligdin Xak. XI sa:g ya:g al-samn 'clarified butter';
s l p r ~ l d l 'the
: fish slipped (tazallaqa) out of the sa:& k i i ~ i i l a[-qalbu'l-mxm2imu'l-naqi 'a
hand'; also used of anything slippery (zali6q) cleansed, pure mind' Kaf. III 154; a.0. III
that escapes (tamallafa) from tI,w hand (etc.); 159 (ya:g): xlrr(?) At. (if a man thinks before
and one says yo:l- s ~ d r ~ l dthe ~ : road was he speaks) s6z1 s a z sag1 'his words are sound
scrutinized (nupira fi'l-tariq) at every corner'; words'; Tef. s a g ( I ) 'healthy'; (2) 'right (not
and one says e r t8:mdln sldrlldl: 'the man left)' 258: xrv Muh. (in Adv.'s of Place) yamin
slipped off the wall' (etc.) Kay. II 231 (s14r1- 'right' ~ a : gMel. 14, 10; sa:g e l Rif. 90; 'the
lu:r, stdr1lma:k): xlv Muh. zaliga 'to slip' right hand' ga:g &lin 47, 9; (la&:) 125; md'
g l r ~ l -Mel. 26, 15; Rif. 110 (MS. glr- in layyib 'good water' sa:g su: 76, 16; 180:
error); al-zalaq g l r l l m a k 36, 7 ; 122: KIP. xlv Gag. xv ff. s a g ( I ) hufyar 'sober'; (2) ~ a k i hwa
slrll- inzala'a (zala'a has no relevant meaning, tanduritst 'healthy'; (3) 'sobriety, good health';
and inzaln'ais not noted in the dicts.; no doubt (4) tarof-I r k t 'the right side' Son. 232r. 24:
an error for inzalaqa 'to slip away'); one says O g u z xr sa:g a[-rib& wa'l-salr7mo 'good
s l r l l d ~ :arrt: ykrden 'he slipped away from health'; hence one says yi:nig sa:g mu: 'is
the place' fd. 52. your body healthy?'; sa:g su:v al-m-'u'l-
-qar?zu'l-'adb 'pure, palatable water'; sa:g
D sedreg- I-Iap. leg.; Co-op. f. of sedrei-. eug hand'; all these phrases
Xak. XI to:n sedregdl: 'the garment lost ~ t s 0guz; the ~~~k~ do not know them 111
roughness (?axdna) and became less thick' r54: xwar.xlv sa:g ~~~b sag
(palla ka!afatuhl~); one also says bodu:n yag ~ ~ 25, hI : Kom. ~ , be wellr s a y
sedreridi: 'the crowd of people dispersed' bol-; con the right sa kolunda C C C ;
(qal[a); also used of anything when it dis- cr.:Kip. xlrl sa: ya:g HOU. 16, 8;
perses (xaffa galla) and scatters (taxalxa- , , t , e ~ huu?o'l-iafi~ (opposite to
la) after being closely packed Kas. II 211 'ill, sakel) ga:g do, 26, 6: xrv ( ~ k ~ gag . )
( s e d r e q k r , sedregme:k). al-phih; one says S a n c a r gag d u r 'Sancar is
D sldrlg- H ~ leg.; ~ . f. of slQlr-. Xak. well and in good health'; g a g el 'the right
01 a g a r ka:r sldrlg~l: $he helped him to hand'; one says gag elin bile: Ye: 'eat with
sweep off the snow and shovel it up, (fi the right hand'; and in KIP. og elin blle: ye:;
karhi1[-ialc wa carfihi); also of other things, yag al-samn Id. 58; al-samn s a p g Bul.
K ~ 1~ . (sldrlgu:r, s ~ g r ~ g m a : kMS.
1 211 ; 8, 6 ; (in Advs. of Place) Yamin $a:gda: do- 14,
srdng-). 5: xv aI-rnu'zfd mina'l-marad 'cured of a
disease' ga:gdtr Kav. 60, 5; ?&a 'to be well',
T r i s . SDR- etc. s a w bol- Tuh. 24a. 3: O s m . XIV s a g
D s1dlrga:k Hap. leg.; Dev. N. #connoting 'healthy, sound; honest, upright1; and once,
habitual action fr. s t d ~ r - ; lit, constantly XV, 'pure'; c.i.a.p.; sayagrlsayyagl (for
scraping (the ground)'. Xak. X I std1rga:k sa:g ya:g) noted down to XVII TTS I 586,
(MS. srdtrga:k) al-?ilj 'a cloven hoof' Kar. 606; 11776, 801; I11 584, 506; I V 648, 669.
I 502.
2 sa:g Hap. leg.; perhaps a I.-w. Xak. XI
Dis. V. SDS- sa:g the word for 'the sticks with which wool
D satsa:- Hap. leg.; Desid. f. of sat-. Xak. is processed' (qudban p f a r biWl-pv) Kaf.
X I 01 a t m , satsa:dl: 'he wished to sell (bay') 1.54.
his horse' (etc.) Kay. 111 284 (satsa:r, 3 sa:g Dev, N, fr. sa:-; n,o.s,b., but see
eatsa:ma:k; MS. in error satrsa:-). sa:gl~g. Oguz XI sa:g al-'aq! 'the intellect';
Dis. V. SD$- sa:g 01-firnu wa'l-dak6 'intelligence, sagacity';
hence one says sende: sa:g yo:k 'you have
D satlg- Recip. f. of s a t - ; s.i.s.m.l., usually no intelligence' Kaj. I11 153.
Tor 'to sell to one another, to trade'. Xak. XI
01 mega: tava:r satlrjdl: 'he helped me to sell s a k 'awake, alert', and the like. S.i.s.m.1. in
(fi bay') goods'; also used for competing Kay. NE, NC, NU'. Cf. s a k q ~ X : a k . xr s a k s a k an
11 89 (sat~gu:r, snt1~ma:k); a.0. I 518 Exelamation (half) used by a sentry ( a 1 - W ~ )
(ah+): Gag. xv ff. satrq- Recip. f.; 'to sell in the army when he tells people to keep
(furrirtan) to one another' Sun. 229r. 7: KIP. awake (01-tayaqqu~)to protect castles, forts,or
xv tabbya'a 'to sell to one another' satlg- Tnh. horses from the enemy; one says s a k s a k 'be
lob. 8. wakeful' (aj'qzz); hence 'an intelligent, wide
awake man' (al-fatinrr'l-mutayya4ip)is called
Mon. SC pak e r Kaj. 1 3 3 3 : K B s a k baglgnl y k f i r
1 sa:g (?sag) in the earliest period only in look out or it will bite your head off' 164; bu
the phr. 8a:g ya:g 'pure (i.e. claritied) butter'; beglik i g i t~a k ~s a k k e r e k 'a man must be
thence more generally 'sound, healthy' and, alert in the position of beg' 439 (prob. spu-
b y a curious metaph., 'right' (not 'left') in the rious); a.0. 1452 (odug).
Oguz group only; cf. 09. S.i.a.m.1.g. with some
changes s a g , s a x , s a v , s a w , so:; s f g l s l k Preliminary note. here is no clem
SU:. The Tkm, form, sag, suggests that this is cvidence of the existence of any early word
one. of Ka~.'s false long vowels, cf. 1 bag: praounced S I : ~but , some medieem! and modern
fornrs of 'sltallou-, scarrty' rrtggpsf that this ma>) as an alliterative Intensifyiti~ I'article (see
have been the original, or an alfrmafive, form of 1 ap). N.0.a.h. Xak. st s u k yalguz e r 'a
1 sr:k. In addition to the ¶cordslisted below there lonely, isolated (01-wo!ridu'l-munfarad) man
i s a prrsrrmahly old ;cord slk, 'fiflrt, dense', ond who has no friends or helpers' Kay. I 333:
X w a r . xrv s u k yalkuz ditto Qrrth rgr).
the like,homophonorrs ru. ~ t k -which
, irfirst noted
in Kom. and sttrvtvrr in N W Nog.: S W Az.
(SIX); Omr.; Tkm. Mon. V. S c -
s a g - 'to milk' (an anirllal). An early I.-ur. in
1 st:k ( ? s ~ : g )'shallow, scanty', and the like. hlong. as main-lsa'a- (Haenirch 130, ICow.
Survives in SW Osm. s t g 'shallow'. Uyg. 1 2 ~ 4 ) S.i.a.nl.1.g.
. w. sl~rnephonetic changes
V I I I ff. f111d.u l u g s u v k a k i r s e r iilimegey (sag-, sav-, s n w - , sn:-). IJyC. V I I I ff. Civ.
s t k k a tegip iingey 'if he enters great waters s a g - 'to ri~ilk'I I 1140, 144: Xak. X I e r ko:y
(i.e. g ( ~ e s t osea?) he mill not get met, but will sagdl: ' t l ~ etiisn irlilked (l~ainhn)sl~crp'(etc.)
rench shnllow (water) and get out' Kitan. 17; Kop. I1 I j (saga:r, saRma:k); about 10 o.o.,
o d g u r a k krlgalt s ~ k t gterigig 'he mmst con- and see SUR- : xrv Mrrh. hnirrba sn:g- Mel. 25,
fidently expound the shallom and the deep' 9; Rif. 108: Gag. xv ff. s a g - dijidun 'to milk'
Fliirn-ts, 2084: O g u z X I sr:k 01-qalil 'few, Sr~tr.231r. 15: X w a r . xrv s a g - ditto Qrrtb
scanty'; hence one says ola:rda: ko:y si:k 01 151: Kip. xrv s a g - ?mlal)u id. 58: xv ditto
'they have (only) a few sheep' Kop. I11 130: s a g - / s a w - l'irh. 13b. 8.
KIP. xrlr (al-'amiq 'deep' terin) and the oppo-
site (dadd) of 'deep' is sl:, I'km, s t k Hou. 7, I . 1) sa:k- prob. an Emphat. f. in - k - fr. sa:-;
n.o.a.b., replaced at an early date by saktn-;
?F 2 s l k ( ? ~ t gHap.) leg.; the likeliest meaning see saktg. Uyg. vtrt ff. Bud. [gap] yeme:
is 'stalk' or the like; prob. a Chinese 1.-w. i n ~ e :sa:ksa:r 'and if he thinks as follows'
IJyg. V I I I ff. Civ. (if a woman suffers frotn T7' VIII K.2.: Xak. X I bardt: e r e n konuk
painful and swollen breasts, she should rub koriip (384, 5 bulup) kutka: saka:r 'gone
on a mixture which is described; if the woman are the men whn, when they see (find) a guest,
suhsequetltly(?) suffers in this wily) k e n t i r reckon it ('addahu) a favour from heaven' 1 8 5 ,
s ~ k nil i iigi
~ kesip 'cut a stalk(?) of hemp into 5 ; 384, 5; n.m.e.: K B s a k a b a r s a m u n d a g
three picces' (boil them in wine and a t e r , mix b u y a g l ~ gtelim 'if (I) had many thoughts of
the decoction with cow's butter and rub it on) this kind' 4428.
H I 122.
1) stg- lit. 'tu fit (Intrans.) into (something
?E 3 s l k Sec $tk. Ilot.)', with various metaph. rneanings.
1 su:k 'greed, greedy; envy, envious, cove- S.i.a.m.l.g. as sly- in NIZ, NC, NW and stg-
tous'. Ka$.'s explanation of su:k in su:k in SI;, SC, SW. Uye. v r ~ rff. Civ. k ~ l m l $
erge:k as the same word used metaph. is klllnq s r g m a z 'whnt you have done does riot
possible but improbable; it is rilore likely to fit' (i e. is innppropriate or unsucccssfi~l?)'17'
mean 'poking, thrusting', and the like, homo- I 76: Xek. xr bu: s k z kBgUlke: stgdl:
phonous w. suk-. For 'index finger' it sur- naca'a hddd'l-kaldm fi'l-qalb 'this statement
vives only(?) in NC I<zx. s u k kol; in the acted on the mind'; and one says u:n ka:bka:
other meanings it survives in SE Tiirki Show slgdt: 'the flour filled (masa'a) the sack'; also
125 (only); N C Kir.: S C Uzb.: NW Kk., used of other things Kaj. I1 15 (slga:r,
Nog. Tiirku vrrr ff. Man. t o d u n ~ s u zuvut- stgma:k); ktliq ktnka: k i i ~ i i ns l g d ~ :trans-
s u z s u k yek iiqiin 'because of the insatiable, latrd 'the swords almost failed to fit into
shalneless denion of greed' Chuas. 252-3, (yasa') the scabbards because they were
302-3, 310-11: Uyg. V I I I ff. Man.-A. az covered with hlood'1 183, 8 ; 359, 18; 397. 9 ;
uvutsuz s u k yek 'the demon of lust and a.0. 359, 4: K B elig kagllge s l g d i e r s e
shatneless greed' llf III 20, 8 (ii); a.o. do. I I t a p u g %hen his service had comnlended
(ii): Bud. s u k ergek U 11 46, 71-2 (eg-): itself to the kinn's mind' 1607: Gag. xv ff.
Xak. XI su:k e r 'a greedy, covetous (ol- SIR- (spelt) grtncidnn 'to fill exactly'; slgtg-
-,tnnrih'l-cafi') man'; su:k erge:k a/-muhallila has the same meaning; Tali'-i Harawi thought
mrntr'l-nyiihi' 'the index fin&; it nienns 'the that slk- had this meanina, hut it mrnns 'to
greedy' (d-?~ari$)llecause it appears first in squeeze' Son. zj3r. 5 (quotns.): Xwar. xrv
taking fond Kaj. III 130: K B (I do not like SIS- Qutb 164: Klp. srv rcaso'a S I ~ -Brrl.
a man) s u k e r s e k111np 'if he behaves greedily 87v.: xv ruasa'a sty- Ttrh. 38b. 10: O s m . xlv
849; kiizi s u k (a man) 'with a greedy eye' to svr slg- 'to fit, suit'; in several texts TTS II
1143, 3568; 0.0. 1379, 2611 (erksiz), 5384 813; I V 681.
(2 a : ~ - ) :I ~ I I ( ?At.
) (the miser) kozi ~ u 255;k
a.0.o.: xtv Mrrh. al-sabbriba 'the index finger' s ~ k lit.
- 'to squeeze, press, compress'; metaph.
su:k b a r m a k Rif. 141 (inadvertently omitted 'to distress, depress (someone)'. S.i.a.m.1.g.
in Afel.): Klp. xrrr al-pairhrida 'index finger' Uyg. vIrr (I fought them and pierced their
s u k b a r m a k Ifou. 20, I S : xrv ditto al- ranks) Se1ege:ke: s ~ k a :s a n c d i m 'I pressed
-mhbriI,a Id. gy : xv al-saObnbo s u k (MS. ptk) them against thc Selenga and pierced them'
b n r m a k Kav. 61, 3. Srr. E 4: v r r ~ff. Bud. TT V 10, 95 (yudruk):
Civ. H I1 10, 72: Xak. XI 01 Uziim s ~ k d l :'he
VU 2 s u k a Particle which although not pressed ('a~nra)the grapes' (etc.) Knp. I1 18
qlliterative seems to have the same functions (srka:r (MS. stkdr:), stkmn:k): xrv Mtth.
 'agara srg-, v.1. srk- Mel. 29, 3; s ~ k Rif.
- I 12 them down' (into the cauldrons) TM I V 25$,
(in MS. srhrtt:); Gag. xv ff. slk- ofprdan 'to 139; a.0. Huen-IS. 1927-8jsap-): Xak. XI m e n
sqeeze, press' Sun. 254r l o (quotns.): Xwar. am: evke: s u k d u m I made him enter
srr~s ~ k (,and
- 818-) 'to squeeze' 'Ali 13: KIP. (adxaltuhu) the house'; also used of anything
srv $ ~ k - a p r a Id. 59: xv ditto Kav. 76, 8 ; when >-nu have inserted it into something by
T~rh.26a. 4 (sik-); a.0. do. 53a. I : T k m . force (ndxaltaha . . . jiddata(n)), for example
'abasa 'to frown' (burtar-fburug-1) SIX- do. an axe-head on to the handle Kay. 11 18 (sok-
26a. I. follows); a.0. 111 142 (2 *kofi:): KB yavallk
bile b o r k a baq s u k m a s a 'you must not in
s u g - Hap. Icg.; quite distinct from sag-, but your folly thrust, your head into wine' 708:
liable to be confused with it; the -u- is fixed x~ri(?)Tef.s u k - to thrust' (one's hand into
by s u g u r - , q.v. Dasically 'to draw out, or one's bosom) 277: X I V Muh. ha$d 'to fill up,
drain off (something Acc., from something stuff' su:k- Mel. 25, 5; s u k - Rij. 107; al-
Abl.'). Xek. X I {ol) ko:ydln k u r u t -hapw s u k m a k 24, ro(mis-spelt sakmak); t 19:
sugdl: 'he procured (itta.uada, milk for) dried Gag. xv ff. s u k - ( r ) fur?; kardan 'to bow (the
curd cheese from the cwe'; ~ t sorigin IS head, etc.)' San. 244v. 26 (quotn. w. Indirect
s u f i u r d ~ (sic)
: Kaj. 111 5 (suga:r, sugma:k). Ohiect in Dat.: (2) sok- follows): Xwar. xlv
su$- (w. 6 t . ) 't; ihrust into' ~ u i h I 59: Kom.
sok-, s u k - Preliminary note. A4ost modern xrv 'to insert (something into somethine) SOX-
NE, NC, SC, and N W langrcages distinguish (sic) CCG; Gr. 221 (quotn.): KIP. xrrr dossa
betmren sok- 'to beat, crush, redtice io powder, mrn dassi'l-jay'fi'l-yay' 'to hide something in
forge (iron)', and the like witha Direct Object in something' s u k - Hou. 40, 5: X I V Suk- adxala
the Acc., ond s u k - 'to insert, thrust (something Id. 59: xv s u k - adxala ow hard aw dassa Kov.
into something else), with some connotation of 9, 12; 77, 15; hajd s u k - Tub. jb. 2; 13b. 10.
force; to invite to enter, admit', and the Me, roiih
a Direct Object in the Acc. and an Indirect onein Dis. SGA
in the Dat. I n SE Tiirhi Shaw, RS and Jarring saka: survives only(?) in NC Kzx. s a g a ( I )
nll fist sok- hut only Shaw 12.5 Suk-. In S W 'an estuary'; (2) 'the foot of a mountain'; (3)
orrly sok- (Az. SOX-) e.TjSts; almost all ils 'the junction of the blade and hilt (of a knife,
etc.)'. Xak. xr saka: saf!ru'Z-cabal 'the foot of
meanings hrlong to suk-, hut some like '(of a a mountain' Kaj. I11 226.
snake) to bite; to injure, calumniate' in Osm.
s r ~ i nto hrlorlg to sok-. Kag. treats holh V.s D sagu: (sa:gu:) if the basic meaning is 'corn
in !he same para.; in this and other early texts measure' a Dev. N.1. fr. sa:-, lit. 'an instru-
it is sirnply a matter of judgement which .'2 ment for counting'; if 'a (milk) pail', a Dev.
is involved. N. in -u: fr. s a g - ; but the first is the likelier.
Survives in SE Turki s a g u 'a wooden pail'
sok- 'to beat, crush', etc.; see abbve. Cf. Shatu I 18 (qnly). SW Osm. s a s u in the phr.
t k g - . Uyg. vrrr ff. Bud. (he saw farmers s a g u s a g - to sing a dirge', noted as early as
irrigating and cultivating the land) k u ~ xrv, T T S I 590; I1 780, is a different word of
k u z g u n s o k a r yorlyur 'birds and ravens unknown orlgin. Uy& VIII (then the lynx)
walk about crushing (the clods)' (and kill [gap] s a g u d a y u g r u t birle keluriip 'brought
innumerable creatures) PP I , 4-5; (among the (the . . . . of a dead lizard) mixed with yogurt in
fittings of a house) s o k g u t e g i r m e n 'a mill a U I V 50, 122: Xak. xr sagu: al-
for crushing (grain)' T T VI 86; s o k u p -mikydl 'a corn measure' Kaj. 111 225; a.0.
'digging into' (the entrails of a corpse) X 552 sa:gu: 111 418 (klrklrrn): xrv Rbg. s a g u
Civ. (take various seeds, etc. and) b u o t l a r 'a corn measure; a drinking vessel; the pan of
"u
v - ss -a k s o k u o 'crush these vegetables to a
- -m a pair of scales' R 111275 (quotns.).
pulp' T T VII ;2,-12; sok- 'to grind, crush'
etc. is common in H I : Xak. (after s u k - j D S O ~ U :(sokgu:) Dev. N.1. fr. sok-, abbre-
ahd one says er tuZz sokdl: ethe man viated. Survives as sokkrfsokku in some NE
(daqqa) salt* (etc,); and kug meD sokdr: and NC languages in its original meaning and
[aqa~a'[-~63iru1[-!la6b'the bird picked up seed9 such extended meanings as 'a heavy blow; the
sound of horses' hooves'. Xak. xr soku: a[-.
K ~ 11
b u : ~soka:r
~ Ig, (soka:r, sokma:k); (the crow)
(yanqur) the ice1 1425, -min!rdz 'a mortar'; originally with
(bi'l-toidid) but abbreviated like baku: and
-e-
x ~ XIXI(?)
: ~ e f sok-
, yo crush' 272: qag.
xv ff. sok- try- . . . (Iorb eyle- mafnZsina 'to yaku: ( q . ~ . ;an Ar. parallel is added) R 111
v&,zg7; sok- ((I) suk-); (2) of a 226: Gag. XV ff. S O ~ ~(spelt)
U : 'a large wooden
poisonous animal 'to bite' (gazidan), in Ar. 245r
lma'a/lada$a Sun. 2 4 4 ~ .26: O g u z XI (after Dis. V. SGA- ,
Xak.) anr: y11a:n Sokdl: 'the snake bit hi?'
(ladaiathu) Ka$ I1 18: Kom. xrv sox- to *saka:- See s a k a k , saka:l.
strike; to card (wool); (of the heart) to beat;
to forge (iron)' CCG; Gr. 221 (quotns.) saki:- n.0.a.b.; there is no connection w. NE
AIt., Sag., Tel. sakr- 'to wait for, watch', etc.
auk- 'to insert, thrust in', etc.; see above. R 111247, which seems to be a Den. V. fr.
TUrkii VIII ff. I t k B 33 (ur-): Uyg. vrrl Bud. s a k . (Uyg. vrtr ff. Civ. sakrguluk TT I 19.
(of doomed souls) k o d ~s u k a r l a r 'they thrust is an error for sakmguluk): Xak. xr 01
m e n @ ki5:ziime: sak1:dt: 'he appeared ( X w a r . S I V s a g t t l l g 'arnloured' Qrrfb 151):
faintly (rnxa.vyalo) hefore my eyes'; similarly Korn. n ~ vs a g l t 'tool, instrument, horse-
one says sa:krg sakr:dl: mxuyyaia'l-snrcih trappings' C C G ; Gr. 212.
:An-)annohu md' 'the mirage appeared faintly
like water' Kaf. 111 268 ( s a k c r . sak1:ma:k). is. sCn
'D stka:- perhaps a Ilcn. V. fr. s l k the N./A. s l k r t '!verpina, lamentation'; pr~)l).n quasi-
homophonous w. s l k - , sec sl@/slkPreliminary o~lon~atnporic. Survives only(?) in NIJ I<r)i:,.,
note; 'to stroke, fondlc'. Survives in SW Osm. Sag. ?'el. s l g ~ t / s l : t R I V 6, 19, 655; I<hak.
srga-lslva- 'to rub with the hands, smooth, sl:t. T u r k i i vrtr (if tears come to the eyes)
mnssape' (for the mean in^ 'to roll up the t ~ l d a :(?so rend) kooiilte: srgrt k e l s e r 'and
sleeves' sec sltRn:-). Uyg. V I I I ff. Bud. (if he Intneritati~rnconics to ( r ~ from r ?)the trrti~ucand
thinks, 'let the Buddhas qf the ten cardinal thc mind' I N I I : X a k . xr s r g ~ 01-brrkd' t 'a
points come, let the d i v ~ n e favour of thc weeping, lamcntation' 1 356; a.o. III
I3uddhns [p;lp!, me') t i i g o m i n s ~ k a : z u n l a : r 275 ($#@a:-): K l j (xvnkc u p , greyhcerd, and
an1 u q u n t o g o d e n iikun be:lgormlq ' "let prepare for death) b u k e q m i a ktiniioke
thctn touch my husked millet". Thereupon a s t g l t kl! t i n u n 'cry out lamentations for your
heap of husked millet appeared' T T VIII K. days that are past' 376; 0.0. 932, 1233 ( a g ~ t - ) ,
7 : Xak. xr 01 a n r g bagln srka:dl: amarrn 1516: srv Muh. al-nijlriha 'wailing for thc
;,orlnhu 'old rri'sihi fn'a!!rr/n(rr) 'he passed his dead' st2r:t Alal. 8, 7; Rif. 80: K o m . XIV
hand affectionately over his head'; also used 'mourning' s l @ t C C G ; G'r.
n-hen one has felt (nhosso) anything by passing
the hand over it Koi. 111 269 ( s ~ k a : r ,a k a : -
D s u g u t . Preliminary note. These t ~ c orcords
ma:k): x r r ~ ( ? )Tef. s ~ g a - 1 s 1 k a - 'to stroke' are obviortsly diff~rent; 1 s u g u t is a Dev. N. fr.
270-1 : X w a r . xrv s l g a - 'to caress, show kind- s u g - , q.o.; 2 ~ u g u which
t lics hrtrcren I s u g u t
ness to (someone Arc.)' Qrrtb 164: O s m . and srglt con knrdlv br n siniilnr Drv. N . fr.
XI\,ff. s ~ g a -'to fondle, stroke'; in scvernl ~ u k - ,thorrglz srinn~rticnllyronrrectrd, sirtce tlre
texts T T S I1 812; I11 616. sorordchrrrrfi.r- k - > -a- is trrihnorcn in Xnk., hilt
soar:- 'to he cold'; s.i.s.m.1. w.+phonctic itt(qltt bc n similar Ilcr~.N. fr. stg- mi.~~'oc~zlizrd.
c h a n ~ c s(so:-, su:-, s o v u - , etc.); in others L) 1 s u g u t Flap. lep.; scc ahovc. K a r l u k xt
displscrd by der. f . ~ .Uyg. V I I I tf. Civ. S O ~ I - s u g u t nl-nqif 'dl-icd curt1 chccsc' Knf. 1 356.
'to he cold' If I1 24, 4 7 : X a k . xr su:v s o g ~ : d ~ :
'the water (etc.) was cold' (hnmda) Kaj. III VUI) 2 s u g u t Hap. leg.; syn. rv. suktu:.
2h8 (sog1:r. sog1:ma:k): s l v Mtrh. baradn X a k . xr s u k u t 'guts (rrl-am'd), which are
(itf~l.,in error, hnrrndn) sow1:- MPI. 25, 16; stuffcd (yrr!rfri) wit