SCIENCE 10

2nd QUARTER
Module 6

Man in the MIRROR

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Most Essential Learning Competency

⚫Predict the qualitative characteristics (orientation, type, and magnification) of images

formed by plane and curved mirrors and lenses (S10-FE-Iig-50).

To the Learner
This module was specially designed to help you understand and apply the
lesson objectives. Read and follow the simple instructions as your guide. 1. Set a
conducive learning space at home so you can focus on your studies. 2. Seek assistance
from your parents or guardian to guide you in doing the activities.
3. Takedown important concepts and list questions you would like to ask from
your teacher.
4. Reflect and apply the concepts that you have learned.
The Writers
Expectations
In this module, you will learn to demonstrate an understanding of the images
formed by the different types of mirrors. Furthermore, it will aid you in making choices
on selecting the right type of mirrors for specific purposes. Specifically, you will able
to:
 • investigate the reflection properties of light using plane
mirrors;
• distinguish between converging and diverging mirrors;
• apply ray diagramming technique in describing images
formed by mirrors; and
• derive and use mirror equations in predicting the
characteristics and position of an image formed by
mirrors.
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Let us try to find out how much do you know about mirrors by answering the
pre-test.

Pre-test
Directions: Read each question carefully. Write the letter of the correct answer on
the provided answer sheet.
1. Which is NOT true about a mirror?
A. It is an optical device that produces an image.
B. It is a reflector in which light bounces in a single direction.
C. It is a smooth surface that forms images through reflection
D. It is an object which refracts the rays of light falling upon it.
2. What is the height of Ayesha’s image if she stands 1.5-m tall in front of a plane
mirror?
A. 1.5 m B. 2.0 m C. 3.0 m D. 4.5 m 3. Which group of words describes an image
formed when a small object is placed on the principal axis of a concave mirror between
the focus and the mirror? A. erect, reduced, and real C. inverted, reduced, and real B.
erect, magnified, and virtual D. inverted, magnified, and real 4. Which is the
CORRECT pathway of light in ray diagram?
A. light – mirror – object - eye C. light – eye – mirror - object B.
light - object – eye - mirror D. light – object – mirror – eye 5. Which
mirror is being used if the focal length is negative?
A. converging, concave C. diverging, concave
B. converging, convex D. diverging, convex

1
Looking Back

Directions: Determine the type of electromagnetic wave that is being described in

each statement. Use the illustration below as your guide. Write the correct answer on
the blank provided before the number.
Fig. 1: Electromagnetic Spectrum, https://bit.ly/33YYhUo
 ____________________ 1. It has the longest wavelength.
____________________ 2. It can be seen by the human eyes.
____________________ 3. It is used in night vision devices.
____________________ 4. It has the greatest amount of energy.
____________________ 5. It is used in mobile phones.

Check your answer with your teacher. Write your score below.

Great job! Now, you are ready for another lesson. Reflection of Light
My Score: ________

Hi! I’m Mr. Reflector,. Have you experienced looking at

yourself in the mirror? Hhhmmm, let us see what happens
by exploring this module. Be ready for your MIRROR
adventure.
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Brief Introduction

When a ray of light falls on any object (polished, smooth, shiny object), light from the
object bounces back those rays of light to our eyes, and this phenomenon is known as
reflection or reflection of light.
Laws of Reflection
The diagram to the left shows
how incident ray is reflected back as a
reflected ray. It obeys the Laws of
Reflection, which states That;

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a. the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection (θi = θr); and b. the
incident ray, the normal and the reflected ray, all lie in the same plane.

Characteristics of Images formed by

Plane Mirror.

a. Images are always virtual which is

formed by extending reflected light
rays
 backward until it intersects.
b. Images are erect/upright.
c. Images formed by a plane mirror are of same Fig.3: Image formation in the Plane Mirror
shape and size as that of the object. d. Image https://bit.ly/32oMqfE
distance is the same as object distance.

Curved Mirrors are mirrors with curved reflecting surfaces which maybe either
convex or concave.
A concave mirror is
also
known as a converging
mirror
since in this type of mirror
light
rays converge at a point
after they
strike and are reflected from
the
reflecting surface of the
concave
mirror. In the majority of
the cases,
a concave mirror produces
real and
inverted images except when the
object is placed very near to the
mirror i.e. pole (p) and the focus (f)
where the image produced is virtual
and erect.
A convex mirror is also
known as a diverging mirror since here light of the convex mirror.
rays diverge after it strikes the reflecting surface Fig.4: Types of Curved Mirrors
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Convex mirrors always form a virtual, erect, and smaller image.

The following are the basic light rays needed to predict the characteristics of the
image formed by a curved mirror.

Ray 1: Light ray parallel to Ray 2: Light ray passing Ray 3: Light ray passing
the principal axis passes through (or directed towards) through (or directed towards)
through (or appears to focus is the center of curvature
diverge from) focus after retraces its path after
reflected as a ray parallel to
reflection. reflection.
the principal axis.

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Activity 1: Mirror, mirror on the paper!
Objectives:
1. Investigate the path that light takes when it is reflected.
2. Draw the path of a light ray as it reflects on the mirror.

Materials:
Rectangular plane mirror, ruler, protractor, pencil, piece of clay, and laser
pointer, or other light sources.

Procedures:

1. Put the mirror on the line labeled “mirror” on the diagram below. You can
stick a piece of clay on the base of the mirror so it could stand on its own.

2. Shine the laser

pointer, along the path
of the arrowed line
labeled “incidents rays”.

3. Use your ruler to

draw the path of the
reflected ray and label
it.

4. Use a protractor to
measure the angle of
incidence and angle of
reflection of each light
ray.

5. Write the results of

the experiment on the
table below.

Table 1: Angle of incidence and angle of reflection

Incident rays Angle of incidence Angle of reflection

Ray 1

Ray 2

Ray 3

Question:
What can you say about the relation of the angle of incidence to the angle of
reflection?

_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________

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Activity 2: Concave mirror vs. Convex mirror
 Objectives:
1. Distinguish between converging and diverging mirrors
2. Identify and describe the parts of a curved mirror.
Material: Pen
Procedures:
1. Read the selection below to differentiate the two types of curved mirrors.
2. Summarize your answers on the table below.

Curved mirrors can be thought of as a portion of a sphere that was sliced away and then
silvered on one of the sides to form a reflecting surface. Concave mirrors were silvered on the inside
of the sphere and convex mirrors were silvered on the outside of the sphere. The examples of
concave mirrors are the mirrors used in automobile headlights, solar cookers,
reflecting telescopes, torch lights or flashlights, and a dentist’s mirror. Convex mirrors are the
mirrors used as rearview mirrors of vehicles, security mirrors in ATMs and convenience stores,
calling bell, and also on sunglasses.
If curved mirrors were thought of as being a slice of a sphere, then there would be a line
passing through the center of the sphere and attaching to the mirror in the exact center of the
mirror. This line is known as the principal axis. The point in the center of the sphere from which
the mirror was sliced is known as the center of curvature and is denoted by the letter C. The point
on the mirror's surface where the principal axis meets the mirror is known as the vertex and is
denoted by the letter V. The vertex is the geometric center of the mirror. Midway between the vertex
and the center of curvature is a point known as the focal point; the focal point is denoted by the
letter F. The distance from the vertex to the center of curvature is known as the radius of curvature
(represented by R). The radius of curvature is the radius of the sphere from which the mirror was
cut. Finally, the distance from the mirror to the focal point is known as the focal length
(represented by f).

Part A: Complete the table below to differentiate the concave mirror from the convex
mirror.
Types of Curved Descriptions Examples
Mirrors

Concave Mirror a. 1.
2.
b. 3.

Convex Mirror a. 1.
2.
b. 3.

Part B: Label and describe the parts of the given curved mirror.

1.
2.
4. 3.

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 Activity 3: Ray tracing on curved mirrors

Objectives:
1. Apply the ray-tracing technique in describing images formed by curved
mirrors.
Materials: Ruler, ball pen
Procedures:
1. Recall the three light rays needed for the image formation in curved mirrors.
Retrace the reflected broken arrows on each case of the object in front of the curved
mirror to determine the location of the image. Lastly, draw and describe the
characteristics of the image in terms of L-O-S-T (location, orientation, size, and type of
image.)

Case 1: The object is at beyond the center of of curvature(C).

infinity. curvature(C).

Ima

ge is…
Image is… L-______________________ O- Image is…
L-______________________ O- ______________________ S- L-______________________ O-
______________________ S- ______________________ S-
______________________ T-
______________________ T- ______________________ T-
______________________
______________________ ______________________
Case 3: The object is at the center
Case 2: The object is

2. On this part, draw the missing light ray to locate and describe the image
formed by a concave mirror.
Case 4: The object is Case 5: The object at focus (F). Case 6: The object is between F
between C and F. and vertex (V).

Image is… Image is… Image is…

L-______________________ O- L-______________________ O- L-______________________ O-
______________________ S- ______________________ S- ______________________ S-
______________________ T- ______________________ T- ______________________ T-
______________________ ______________________ ______________________

On a convex mirror retrace the reflected broken arrows to determine the

location of the image. Describe the image in terms of L-O-S-T. Image is …
L-________________________
O-________________________
S-________________________
T-________________________

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Activity 4: Problems on Mirror Equation
Mirror Equation and the Magnification Equation
The mirror equation expresses the quantitative relationship between the object
distance (do), the image distance (di), and the focal length (f).It is express as
1/f=1/do+1/di
The magnification equation relates the ratio of the image distance and objects’
distance to the ratio of the image height (hi) and object height (ho). It can be is written
as m = hi/ho = -di/do

The +/- Sign Conventions

The sign conventions for the given quantities in the mirror equation and
magnification equations are as follows:
f is + if the mirror is concave
f is - if the mirror is convex
di is + if the image is a real and located on the object's side of the mirror.
di is - if the image is virtual and located behind the mirror.
hi is + if the image is upright (and therefore, also virtual)
hi is - if the image is inverted and therefore, also real)

Directions: Solve the following word problem involving the mirror equation and
magnification equation by filling out the blank space using G-R-E-S-A format.

1. A shopper standing 3.0 m from a convex security mirror sees his image with a
magnification of 0.25. (a)What is the distance of the image from the shopper? (b)
Where is his image located?
Given: Required Equation Solution Answer

do = ____-m a) a) m = -di/do Substitute the a. the

image multiply both side by - given and distance
m = ______ distan calculate the of the
ce do (-do)m = (di/-do) answer.: image is
(di)= ? di = (-do)m ______-m
( -do) di = ________ =(-_____)(_____) or ______-
di = ________-m cm
b) focal b) 1/f = 1/do+
length 1/di 1/f = f = (dodi)/(di+do)
(f) = ? (di+do)/(dodi) = (_____)*(_____)÷ b. the
Get the reciprocal of focal
(_____)+(_____)
both side of the
equation
length is
(1/f = f = ________-m ______-m
or ______-
(di+do)/(dodi))-1 f = cm

__________

Now try to answer a word problem below about concave mirror on your own.

2. Determine the image distance and image height for a 5.00-cm tall object placed
45.0 cm from a concave mirror having a focal length of 15.0 cm.
Given: Required Equation Solution Answer
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Check Your Understanding

Perform the following tasks. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Write the appearance of your complete name in capital letters in front of a

plane mirror.
2. Which numbers from 1 to 10 would have an image appear to be the same as
in front of a plane mirror?
3. A tall light bulb has placed a distance of 50-cm from a concave mirror having
a focal length of 25-cm. Determine the a) image distance (d i) and b) the magnification
(m) of the image. Use G-R-E-S-A in solving the word problem.

You did great in your investigations! Let

us now summarize the concepts that you
have learned in this module.

Remember ➢ Mirror is a surface that can be plane or

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curved, capable of reflecting light to form an
image.

➢ Plane mirror has a smooth flat reflective surface in which the light rays’
angle of reflection is equal to the angle of incidence.

➢ Curved mirrors have curved reflecting surfaces that can either concave or
convex. For a converging mirror (concave), the image formed varies as you
change the position of the object in front of it, while for a diverging mirror
(convex), the image is always virtual, erect, and diminished.

➢ Mirror equation is the quantitative relationship between the object

distance, image distance, and focal length.

➢ Ray diagram displays the pathway of light from an object to the mirror to
an eye.

Post-test
Directions: Write the letter that corresponds to your answer to the following questions
on the provided answer sheet.
1. What do the laws of reflection state?
A. The angle of reflection is equal to the angle of incidence.
B. The angle of reflection is less than the angle of incidence
C. The rays change direction when they strike mirrors and pass through
the mirror.
D. The angle the incident ray makes with a line drawn perpendicular to
the surface of the mirror.
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2. A real image having a size of 10 cm is formed by a concave mirror. The size of the
object is 5 cm. What is the magnification of the image?
A. +5 B. -5 C. +2 D. -2 3. Which type of mirror magnifies a close-up image, like a
make-up mirror? A. concave B. convex r C. plane D. specular 4. What do you call the
distance from the center of a concave mirror to its focal point? A. focal length B.
principal axis C. reflection D. vertex 5. Which group of words describes an image
formed when a small object is placed on the principal axis of a concave mirror
between the focus and the center of curvature? A. erect, reduced, and real C.
inverted, reduced, and real B. erect, magnified, and virtual D. inverted, magnified,
and real

Reflection
Direction: Write a reflective learning by answering the My Mirror Analysis

worksheet.

The topic that I liked learning

most is

What is the most challenging activity in this Which three concepts in the module you would
module? like to share with others?

How would you apply the knowledge

about mirrors in your everyday life?

You have done well in doing all the

tasks in this module. Congratulations!

REMEMBER: Mirrors show us what we

look like, not who we are.
- kushandwisdom
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Pretest 1._______ 2._______ Looking Back Postest 1._______ 2._______

3._______ 4._______ 5._______ 1. _____________________ 2. 3._______ 4._______ 5._______
Module 6: Man in the Mirror _____________________ 3.
Answer Sheet _____________________ 4.
_____________________ 5.
_____________________

Activity 1 Activity 2

Activity 3
Summarize the characteristics of image formed by curved mirror at various location of the object below.

Activity 4:
Use the back page of answer sheet to write the solution and answer for problem #2 of activity 4.

Check you Understading

Use also the back page answer sheet or another sheet of bond paper to write the solution and
answer to the questions and worded problem on this section of the module.
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