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MATH 11N: MATHEMATICS IN THE MODERN WORLD

Module 3
QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
(3.2. Solution by Square Root Method)

By

RONALD C. DONCERAS
Assistant Professor III
Department of Teacher Education

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Vision: A globally competitive university for science, technology, and environmental conservation.
Mission: Development of a highly competitive human resource, cutting-edge scientific knowledge and innovative technologies for sustainable
communities and environment.
 Quadratic Equation: Solutions by Extracting the Sq

Hi, today you will be learning about Quadratic Equation and its solution using extracting
the square root. Before we start, let us consider first the following learning goal.

After studying this lesson, you are expected to

Learning Objective
 find the solutions of a quadratic equation using extracting the square roots.

I want you to visit the following links and study the materials.
Let’s Gowww.onlinemathlearning.com/square-root-word-problems-2.htm
1. https:// Online! l.This link provides a
video presentation of word problems involving square root methods. Watch and study the
material for further understanding.

2. https://www.khanacademy.org/math/algebra/ x2f8bb11595b61c86:quadratic-
functions-equations/x2f8bb11595b61c86:untitled 1082/e/solving quadratics by taking the
square root. This link provides practice exercises to help you in in solving quadratic equation
by extracting the roots.

3. https://2012books.lardbucket.org/books/advanced-algebra/s09-01-extracting-square- roots-
and-co.html. This link provides clear discussions with examples of solving quadratic
equations using the Square Root Method. After reading and studying the material, answer
the exercise on Part A. Write your answer in a short bonder paper.

After watching the videos and studying the materials online, use your GoConqr
account and answer the pre-assessment activity.

How do you find our lesson online? Is there anything you’d like to clarify about the
presentation? Do you have listed all your concerns and clarifications? Let us discuss it now.

DISCUSSIONS
In this lesson, youAND ACTIVITIES
will learn (Face-to-Face)
to define and solve quadratic equation and find its
solutions by extracting the square roots.
Basically, the standard quadratic equation in one variable is written as the sum of three
terms set equal to zero. Simply, the three terms include one that has an x 2, one has an x, and
one term is "by itself" with no x2 or x.
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Vision: A globally competitive university for science, technology, and environmental conservation.
Mission: Development of a highly competitive human resource, cutting-edge scientific knowledge and innovative technologies for
sustainable communities and environment.
 Hence, the standardized form of a quadratic equation is ax2 + bx + c = 0, where "a"
does not equal 0. Note that if a = 0, the x2 term would disappear and we would have a linear
equation!
What about a quadratic equation? Well, if we look at the simplest case when a
= 1, and b = c = 0, we get the equation y = 1x2 or y = x2. Since the variable involve has an
exponent “2” such expression is considered quadratic. However, in this module our focus will
be on solving quadratic equation in one variable.

Pre-requisites Skills
The following prior knowledge and skills are needed in this lesson:
 The concept of rational and irrational numbers;
 The concept and skill in getting the square root of numbers;
 Product of sum and difference;
 Properties of equality; and
 Some properties of radical may be applied as well, especially for numerical
coefficient.
Basically, polynomials are classified based on the highest degree of the variable
involved. For example,
x  5is a polynomial of the first degree, x2  5x  is an
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example of a polynomial of the second degree,
1 x3 is a third degree polynomial.
The presence of equal sign together with the polynomial of any degree is called an
equation. Equation is a mathematical operation which compares two quantities. Say
for instance, x  5  0 and is called linear equation. Another is, x2  5x  6  0 which is
a quadratic equation.
Now, let us have some collaborative work. Form a group of five (5) members and
do the following as indicated.

Now, let us have some collaborative work. Form a group of five (5) members and do the
following as indicated.
Group Activity 1: TELL ME IF I’M RATIONAL OR IRRATIONAL!
Directions: Determine the product for each of the following pairs of expressions and answer
the questions below.
1) (𝑥 + 4)(𝑥 − 4) 6) x(2)(𝑥 − 1)

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Mission: Development of a highly competitive human resource, cutting-edge scientific knowledge and innovative technologies for
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2) (𝑥 − 13)(𝑥 + 13) 7)(𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 − 2)
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Vision: A globally competitive university for science, technology, and environmental conservation.
Mission: Development of a highly competitive human resource, cutting-edge scientific knowledge and innovative technologies for
sustainable communities and environment.
 3) 𝑥(𝑥 + 4) 8) 3(𝑤2 + 3𝑤 + 5)

4) (𝑚2 + 1)(𝑚 − 1) 9) (𝑘2 + 1)𝑘

5) (9 − 𝑥)(9 + 𝑥) 10) (2𝑎 + 1)(3𝑎 − 1)

Reflective Questions:
1. How did you find the product?
2. Can you name some mathematical properties and principles applied in multiplying
the pairs of expressions? How did you apply it?
3. In determining the product of each pair, what have you noticed? Are they all
polynomials? Why or why not?

Group Activity 2: QUADRATIC OR NOT QUADRATIC EQUATION?

Directions: Identify whether or not the following are quadratic equations. Answer the
questions below.
1. 𝑥2 = 25 6 3𝑥3 − 2 = 46x

2. 𝑛 = 24 7 5𝑥2 − 6 = 39

3. 𝑥2 − 1/2 = 0s 8 −5𝑥2 + 32 = −3𝑥2

4. 4𝑥2 − 100 = 0 9 (𝑥 − 9)2 = 64

5. 𝑥2 + 4 = 𝑥2 10 𝑥(𝑥 − 4)2 + 25𝑥 = 650

Reflective Questions:
1. What can you say about the activity?
2. Were you able to identify which of the equations are quadratic?
3. Can you share your thought on what are the conditions to say that a certain
equation is quadratic or not a quadratic?

Now, as defined, a quadratic equation is any equation of the form ax2 + bx + c = 0

where a, b and c are real numbers and a is not zero. There are several methods to determine
the solution of the quadratic equation. One of the methods is the so called Extracting the
Square Roots or simply Square Root Method, which is only applicable in an incomplete

quadratic equation. That is, the equation 𝑎𝑥2 − 𝑐 = 0 is first solved for 𝑥2 by adding c to
both members and then dividing both sides of the resulting
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Vision: A globally competitive university for science, technology, and environmental conservation.
Mission: Development of a highly competitive human resource, cutting-edge scientific knowledge and innovative technologies for
sustainable communities and environment.
equation by 𝑎, the coefficient of 𝑥2, resulting to 𝑥2 = 𝑐. Upon extracting the square
𝑎
roots of each member, we obtain,

𝑥=± 𝑐
:𝑎

Thus, 𝑎𝑥2 − 𝑐 = 0 has two roots. That is, 𝑥 = + 𝑐

and 𝑥 = − 𝑐
.
:𝑎 :𝑎

STEPS in Extracting Square Root:

To solve a quadratic equation 𝑎𝑥2 − 𝑐 = 0 using extracting the square root, the following steps might
Add to both sides of the equation by the additive inverse of c.
Divide both sides of the equation by a or you may multiply each side

of the resulting equation by the multiplicative inverse of a, i.e., 1.

𝑎

Take the square root of each side.

Simplify the result, if possible.

Illustrative Examples
Directions: Solve each of the following quadratic equations by extracting the square.
1) 3𝑥2 − 27 = 0 3) (𝑥 − 3)2 = 49

2) 2𝑥2 + 4 = 36 4) (𝑥 − 2)2 − 9 = 40

5) A gardener is landscaping in a certain park and wanted to form a circular formation of

plants. If the gardener is given with an area of 100𝜋 units, find the radius of the
circular area.
Solutions:
1) 3𝑥2 − 27 = 0 roots: 𝑥 = ±3
Step 1: 3𝑥2 − 27 + (27) = 0 + 27 By adding 27 to both sides of the
3𝑥
2
2
= 27 equation
Step 2: = 2&
3𝑥
Dividing both sides of the equation by
3 3
𝑥 =9 2
3.
Step 3. √𝑥2 = ±√9 Extracting square root.
Step 4: 𝑥 = ±3 Thus, 𝑥 = 3 and 𝑥 = −3.

2) 2𝑥2 + 4 = 36 roots: 𝑥 = ±4
Step 1: 2𝑥2 + 4 + (−4) = 36 + (−4) By adding −4 to both sides of the
equation.
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Mission: Development of a highly competitive human resource, cutting-edge scientific knowledge and innovative technologies for
sustainable communities and environment.
 2𝑥
2
2
= 32
Step 2: = 32
2𝑥
Dividing both sides of the equation
2 2
by 2.
𝑥 = 16 2

Step 3. √𝑥2 = ±√16 Extracting square root.

Step 4: 𝑥 = ±4 Thus, 𝑥 = 4 and 𝑥 = −4.

3) (𝑥 − 3)2 = 49 roots: 𝑥 = {10, −4}

Step 1 and 2: Done.
Step 3. (𝑥 − 3)2 = 49 Extracting square root.
F(𝑥 − 3)2 = ±√49
Step 4:𝑥 − 3 = ±7 This implied that 𝑥 = +7 + 3 = 10 and
𝑥 = ±7 + 3 𝑥 = −7 + 3 = −4. Thus, 𝑥 = 10, −4.

4) (𝑥 − 2)2 − 9 = 40 roots: 𝑥 = {9, −5}

Step 1: (𝑥 − 2)2 − 9 + 9 = 40 + 9 By adding 9 to both sides of the
equation
(𝑥 − 2)2 = 49
Step 2: Done, since the value of a here is 1. Any number multiply/divide by 1 is the
number itself.
Step 3. F(𝑥 − 2)2 = ±√49 Extracting square root.
𝑥 − 2 = ±7 Applying Step 1, we have
𝑥 − 2 + 2 = ±7 + 2.
Step 4: 𝑥 = ±7 + 2 So, 𝑥 = +7 + 2 = 9 and
𝑥 = −7 + 2 = −5.
Hence, 𝑥 = {9, −5}.

5) The formula for area of a circle is 𝐴 = 𝑟2𝜋. So,

𝐴 = 𝑟2𝜋
100𝜋 = 𝑟2𝜋
100 = 𝑟2 implies 𝑟 = 10. Take note that, we only need the positive root here because we are
dealing with unit or dimension.
Thus, the radius of the circular area is 10 units.

Group Activity 3: CAN YOU EXTRACT ME?

Directions: Determine the roots of each of the following quadratic equations using extracting
the square roots.
1. 𝑥2 = 25 6. 3𝑥2 − 2 = 46

2. 6𝑥2 = 24 7. 5𝑥2 − 6 = 39

3. 𝑥2 − 100 = 0 8. −5𝑥2 + 36 = −3𝑥2

4. 4𝑥2 + 100 = 0 9. (𝑥 − 9)2 = 64

5. 𝑥2 + 4 = 53 10. (𝑥 − 4)2 + 25 = 650

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Vision: A globally competitive university for science, technology, and environmental conservation.
Mission: Development of a highly competitive human resource, cutting-edge scientific knowledge and innovative technologies for
sustainable communities and environment.
Reflective Questions:
1) How do you find determining the roots of the quadratic equation by Square Roots
Method?
2) Discuss the steps in solving quadratic equation using extracting the square roots.
3) Can you name a situation/s in which the concept of quadratic equations is
applied?

Group Activity 4: LET’S APPLY!

Directions: Solve the following word problem.

1. If the square of a certain number is doubled yield one. Find the number.
2. What must be multiplied to (𝑥 − 7) in order to have the quadratic equation of the

form 𝑥2 = 49.
3. If the side length of a square is increased by 5, its area increases to 85. What is the
side length of the square?

Reflective Questions:
1. How do you find solving word problem involving quadratic equation?
2. Cite a situation in which solving quadratic equation by extracting the roots is
applicable.

EXERCISES
A. Computation. Directions: Determine the roots of each of the following quadratic
equations using extracting the square roots.
1. 𝑥2 = 121 6. 2𝑥2 − 2 = 16

2. 5𝑥2 = 125 7. 5𝑥2 − 12 = 48

3. 𝑥2 − 81 = 0 8. −5𝑥2 + 12 = −2𝑥2

4. 4𝑥2 − 16 = 0 9. (𝑥 − 1)2 = 4

5. 𝑥2 + 4 = 20 10. (𝑥 − 7)2 − 9 = 27

B. Word Problem. Solve each of the following.

1. The area of a square is 289 square units. What is the side length of the square?

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Vision: A globally competitive university for science, technology, and environmental conservation.
Mission: Development of a highly competitive human resource, cutting-edge scientific knowledge and innovative technologies for
sustainable communities and environment.
 2. The length of the side of a square is increased by 3, its area increases 54. What is
the side length of the square?

LET’S WORK THIS OUT

WORKSHEET NO. 2
QUADRATIC EQUATIONS:
EXTRACTING THE SQUARE ROOTS

Direction: Determine the roots of each of the following quadratic equations using the square
root property. Please write your solution on the space provided.
1. 𝑥2 − 5 = 116 2. (𝑘 + 4)2 = 25

3. 5𝑚2 − 14 = −9 4. −3 + 13𝑤2 = 4209

Let’s Reflect:
1. How do you find answering this worksheet? (Please narrate your experience in one sentence.)

2. Which of the given quadratic equations you find it challenging to solve? Why? (Please specify
by writing a sentence the challenges and difficulties encountered.)

SUMMARY
 Solve quadratic equations of the form 𝑎𝑥2 − 𝑐 = 0 by extracting the square roots.
 Extracting roots requires isolating the square and application of square root property.
Be sure to simplify each radical expression after applying the square root property
 Do not forget to include “±” in your final answer.

After completing this module, you are task to go online to take the posttest using your GoConqr
account. Good luck!

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Vision: A globally competitive university for science, technology, and environmental conservation.
Mission: Development of a highly competitive human resource, cutting-edge scientific knowledge and innovative technologies for
sustainable communities and environment.