Name: ARIANETTE C.

ATILAS
Grade/Section: G11-STEM-A EARTH SCIENCE Q2-MODULE 8
What I Know
Directions. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the letter of your answer on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. C 6. A 11. C
2. A 7. B 12. D
3. D 8. C 13. A
4. A 9. A 14. C
5. D 10. B 15. B
What’s In
Directions: Read and analyze the questions below. Answer the questions
comprehensively.
1. What continent do you live in? How does this continent look in the past?

 I live in the Philippines which is located in Asia, the largest continent on Earth. Before, about a million years
ago, just before the days of the dinosaurs the Earth's continents were all connected into one huge landmass
called Pangaea and broke into two new continents Laurasia and Gondwanaland. Laurasia was made of the
present day continents of North America (Greenland), Europe, including Asia. It began to break apart over
millions of years these pieces came to be the continents as we know them today. Geologically speaking, the
Philippine archipelago was formed by volcanic eruptions from under the sea and the buckling of the earth’s
crust when two tectonic plates collided about 65 million years ago. When the world’s largest and much
heavier Pacific Plate moved under the smaller Philippine Plate, the Philippine Plate buckled under the tectonic
pressure pushing land masses. Northern Luzon sat on the western edge of the Philippine Plate, while the
remaining islands rested on the eastern edge of the Asiatic Plate.
2. If the earth is composed of one big continent at around 250 billion years ago, in which plate do you think your
continent is located?
 If the earth is composed of one big continent at around 250 billion years ago I think my continent is located at
the Eurasian Plate. The Eurasian Plate is a tectonic plate which includes most of the continent of Eurasia (a
landmass consisting of the traditional continents of Europe and Asia). Although Philippines was not part of
the Pangaea before, and it was formed through volcanic eruptions, today in recent time it is already located at
the continent of Asia. A million years ago Asia was once part of the supercontinent Pangaea which was
located at the center part of the Equator and surrounded by the super ocean Panthalassa.
3. How do you think this continent had changed over time?
 Today, we know that the continents rest on massive slabs of rock called tectonic plates. The plates are always
moving and interacting in a process called plate tectonics. The continents are still moving today and will
continue moving based from the Continental Drift Theory proposed by Alfred Wegener. Some of the most
dynamic sites of tectonic activity are seafloor spreading zones and giant rift valleys.
4. What might have caused the continents to move? Do you think it is still moving up to the present?
 Pangea began to break up about 200 million years ago as a result of the movement of the Earth's tectonic
plates and mantle convection. Just as Pangea was formed by being pushed together due to the movement of
the Earth's plates away at rift zones, a rift of new material caused it to separate. Scientists believe that the new
rift began due to a weakness in the Earth's crust. At that weak area, magma began to push through and create a
volcanic rift zone. Eventually, the rift zone grew so large that it formed a basin and Pangea began to separate.
5. How can you say that land formations both on land and underwater had existed due to the movement of plates?
 Movement of plates causes land formations both on land and underwater to exist as a lot of geological features
were created due to different geological events. An example of this are Trenches, Volcanoes, Ridges, Islands
and Mountains. Trenches-the deepest landforms on Earth are the trenches in the ocean. These landforms are
created when one plate slides underneath another. This action is known as subduction. Some tectonic plates
are much heavier than others. The heavy plate slides under the lighter plate. The edge between the two plates
formed by this interaction is a deep trench. Volcanoes and Ridges-volcanoes and ridges are landforms that are
created by the movement of tectonic plates. Some volcanoes are formed when the plates pull apart under the
ocean. A crack in Earth's crust forms. Magma rises through the crack, forming ridges. Other volcanoes are
created when a tectonic plate slides under another. As the bottom plate is heated up by the Earth's hot mantle,
a material called magma forms. It rises. Over time magma erupts through the plates. Islands-another kind of
 landform is created by of the interaction of Earth's plates, and is related to the formation of volcanoes.
Volcanoes under the ocean can lead to the formation of islands. These volcanoes are the kind produced by one
plate sliding under the other. The erupting volcano adds enough material to itself to rise above the ocean's
surface. Mountains-huge mountain ranges are formed by similar-sized plates colliding. In this case, one plate
does not slide under the other. The pressure of the two plates has to be relieved and the way this happens is by
thrusting the colliding plate's edges upward. Land folds, bends and twists in the collision zone and mountain
landforms rise.
What’s New
Directions: Determine the famous land formation by re-arranging the scrambled words. Write your answer on the
given space.
MID-OCEAN RIDGE 1. It is known as the Earth’s longest chain of mountains.
MOUNT EVEREST 2. It is the highest mountain of the world.
KANGCHENJUNGA 3. It is considered as the third highest mountain of the world which is
located on the Sikkim-Nepal border as part of the Himalayan mountain
range.
MOUNT 4. It is the second highest mountain the Philippines which is home to
DULANGDULANG the Talaandig tribe.
MOUNT PULAG 5. It is considered as Luzon’s highest peak and a popular destination
among mountaineers for its amazing sea of clouds.
HIMALAYAS 6. It is considered as the highest mountain range in the world.
MARIANA TRENCH 7. It is considered to be the deepest part of the Earth’s surface.
PHILIPPINE TRENCH 8. This trench was formed due to a collision between the Eurasian
plate and the smaller Philippine plate.
TAAL VOLCANO 9. It is known as the world’s smallest volcano.
MAUNA LOA 10. It is a massive shield volcano in Hawaii constructed by countless
lava flows

What’s More
Directions: Analyze the given illustration. Write the type of boundary, the movement of plates and the land formation
that can be formed.

Movement Type of Boundary

This occurs when plates move towards each other Convergent Plate
and collide. When a continental plate meets an Boundary
oceanic plate, the thinner, denser, and more flexible
oceanic plate sinks beneath the thicker, more rigid
continental plate. This is called subduction. On the
other hand, when continental crust collides with
another continental crust this creates large
mountain ranges.
Divergent plate boundaries occur when two plates Divergent Plate
move away from each other. The space created Boundary
will be filled with new material from molten magma
that forms below the surface of the earth.

The zone between two plates sliding horizontally Transform Plate

past one another is called a transform-fault Boundary
boundary, or simply a transform boundary. It can
occur underwater or on land. In the process the
crust is neither destroyed nor created.

In a reverse fault, the block above the fault moves Convergent Plate
up relative to the block below the fault. This fault Boundary
motion is caused by compressional forces and
results in shortening.
What I Have Learned
Directions: Complete the thought of the given concept map. Given examples for each land form that can only be
found in the Philippines.

What I Can Do
Directions: Read and analyze the situation below. Answer the questions comprehensively.
Have you heard of the most feared “The Big One”? This will be the worst-case scenario of a 7.2-magnitude
earthquake which can occur due to the movement of them West Valley Fault. This fault 100-kilometer fault that runs
through six cities on Metro Manila and some nearby provinces. How do this movement of the fault may affect
Philippines geologically? How would this affect the lives of people?
 The "Big One," which experts say may happen in our lifetime, could strike once the West
Valley Fault moves. A rapid movement of a fault line may produce powerful energy that
can trigger a very strong earthquake. The West Valley Fault, which traverses various parts
of Metro Manila and surrounding provinces, is expected to greatly affect the country since
the region is not only highly populated, it also hosts the seat of government and the
country’s business capital. When the Big One comes, the Metropolitan Manila Earthquake
Impact Deduction Study (MMEIRS) predict that it will destroy bridges around the metro
and damage public buildings. Cut off from other cities, at least 34,000 people are
predicted to die and 170,000 residential houses will collapse. Water distribution pipes will
break, electric cables will be cut, and explosions will lead to fires everywhere.
Communication will become difficult and this becomes a problem as people can’t call for
help to put out fires or save them underneath all the rubble. Hospitals will also have a
hard time responding to the thousands of victims asking for help. On the other hand the
effect of the movement of the West Valley Fault may affect Philippines geologically. The
primary effects of the possible earthquake are ground shaking, ground rupture,
landslides, tsunamis, and liquefaction, these geological events may cause the Philippine’s
topography to change.
Assessment
Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.
1.B 6.D 11.D
2.D 7.A 12.A
3.C 8.B 13.B
4.A 9.D 14.B
5.C 10.B 15.B
Additional Activities
Directions: Upon knowing that the plates of the earth are continuously but slowly moving, how do you picture the
plates of the earth 500 years from now? Draw your answer inside the box below.
 Upon knowing that the plates of the earth are continuously but slowly moving, I can imagine what would be
the position of the different continents or the plates of the earth 500 years from now. It is possible that the
continents will go back together as one. The plates of the earth’s plate tectonic system are in relative motion
that ultimately depends on circulation of plastic rock in the deep earth. There is no reason why the crust that
forms the continents could not again come together. If we will try to assume that present day conditions
persist, the Atlantic continues to open and the Pacific keeps closing, we have a scenario where the next
supercontinent forms in the antipodes of Pangea. The Americas would collide with the northward drifting
Antarctica, and then into the already collided Africa-Eurasia.