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GENERAL PHYSICS 1

QUARTER 1

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

 GENERAL PHYSICS 1
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LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

SCALARS AND VECTORS

Background Information for the Learners (BIL)

There are many physical quantities in the natural world where we come in
contact within our everyday life. These physical quantities can be classified as
scalars and vectors.
Scalars are quantities that are fully described by a magnitude (or numerical
value) alone.

Examples of scalar quantities

1. Mass ( A person buys a tub of margarine with a mass of 500 kg )

2. Time ( The car has reached its destination after 2h.)

3. Distance (Zaldy have walked a distance of 100 km)

4. Age ( Janelle will be turning 8 on Aug 6 , 2020 )

Vectors are quantities that are fully described by both magnitude and
direction.

Examples of vector quantities

1. Velocity (A car is travelling east along a freeway at 1,000 km/h.)
2. Force ( A force of 50 newtons acts on a body in an upward direction.)

3. Acceleration ( An airplane moves with an acceleration of 5m/s2 , 700

North of East.)
4. Displacement ( The hiker is walking 3 miles per hour , South)
 Vectors are used in mathematics, engineering and physics since
many times we need to know both the size of something and which way
it’s going.
There are also a real life applications of vectors. In sports, for
example basketball, ultimately, the players will throw the ball at a
direction with an angle which is done by the knowledge of vector.
Another is in gaming and in designing roller coaster.
To better understand the difference between a scalar and a vector
quantity and appreciate its applications in our daily life, do the learning
activities below:

Learning Competency:
Differentiate vector and scalar quantity (STEM_GP12V-Ia-8)

Activity 1: FIGURE IT OUT!

Directions: Fill in the blanks with the correct answer.
1. A quantity has both magnitude and direction.

2. Scalars have only

3. Length is an example of .

4. refers to the numerical value or size

5. is an example of a vector quantity.

Activity 2: SCALAR QUANTITY VS. VECTOR QUANTITY
Directions : Create a T – chart to differentiate a scalar and a vector quantity.

Activity 3: MORE OF S- V DISTINCTION

Directions: Categorize each quantity as scalars or vectors .

QUANTITY CATEGORY
1. 37 0 C
2. 10 km , East
3. 500 N , upward
4. 5 m/s
5. 1 , 200 J
6. 256 bytes
7. 4000 calories
8. 50 mi
9. 365 days
10. 150 kg.m/s , to the right
Activity 4: SCALARS OR VECTORS ?
Directions: Classify the following quantities as scalars or vectors . Write S if it
is a scalar quantity and V if it is a vector quantity.

QUANTITY
1. Impulse
2. energy
3. volume
4. speed
5. pressure
6. work
7. power
8. current
9. momentum
10. potential difference
11. area
12. density
13. resistance
14.torque
15.weight

Activity 5: VECTORS IN LIFE

Directions: Explain how vectors are being applied in the following:
1. A roller coaster

EXPLANATION
 2. Sports ( Baseball )

EXPLANATION

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 GENERAL PHYSICS 1

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LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

ADDITION OF VECTORS
Background Information for the Learners (BIL)
How do we add vectors? Since vectors have magnitude and direction, we
cannot combine them the way we do with scalars. Addition of scalarsuses just a
simple arithmetic, for example 3kg + 5kg = 8kg. Addition of vectors however is
different; the sum depends on the direction of the vectors. Do you also know how to
draw different vectors with given magnitude and direction.? Let us first learn how to
represent vectors.

Pictorially, a vector is represented by drawing an arrow. The length of the

arrow signifies the magnitude of the vector. On the other hand, the arrowhead
points to the direction of the vector and the tail tells the origin of the vector.
Then, we name the vector by a letter with an arrow above it or simply a bold
letter. For example, a force vector, F or F which has a magnitude of 50 new
tons with direction at an angle of 300 from the horizontal.
To represent the given vector through an arrow, an appropriate scale is
needed, and a possible scale here would be 1 cm:10 N. This means, our arrow
representing the force vector would be 5 cm long. It is also important to specify
the direction by drawing the arrow at an angle by simply applying your
Geometry lessons on angles. A protractor is used to draw the vector such that
it will make an angle of 300 from the horizontal. Remember, that any change in
angle changes the vector so it’s good to have a good ruler, protractor eraser
and a sharp pencil.Now, let us draw the given force vector.
Given: F = 50 newtons, 300 from the horizontal
Scale: 1cm: 10 newton

+y

300
-x x

-y
Did you know that vectors could also be named in different ways? Refer to the
figure above, can you give other names for the given force vector? The
following are the possible names:
F= 50 newtons, 300
F= 50 newtons, - 3300
F = 50 newtons, 300 North East
F= 50 newtons, 600 East of North
Remember that by convention, angles measured counterclockwise from the
positive x- axis are positive; otherwise, the angles are negative.
Now, that you have learned how to draw a vector with magnitude and
direction accurately, are you now ready to add two or more vectors.?
The sum of two or more vectors is represented by a single vector called
resultant. There are different ways to be followed in adding vectors:
1.Vectors acting in the same direction
• The resultant of two vectors acting in the same direction is a
vector whose magnitude is equal to the sum of their magnitudes
and act in the same direction as they do.
Example: 25 km North + 30 km North = 55 km North
2. Vectors acting in the opposite direction
• The resultant of two vectors acting in the opposite direction is a
vector whose magnitude is the difference of their magnitudes
and which acts in the direction of the greater vector.
Example :5 km/h, East - 2 km/h West = 3km /h, East
3.Vectors in any direction

GENERAL METHODS OF FINDING RESULTANT

A. Graphical Method
1.parallelogram method
2.polygon method
B. Pythagorean Theorem
C. Analytical Method or Component Method

A. GRAPHICAL METHOD
1. Parallelogram method
The parallelogram method is also known as the tail–to-tail method. The
properties of parallelograms are that the opposite sides and its angles are
congruent. Congruent angles have the same angle in degrees.
Below is an example of how the parallelogram method is used to add vectors.

Example:
Janelle and Myka pushes their cabinet along the floor, Janelle exerts a
force of 30 N horizontally while Myka uses a rope and applies a force of 40 N.
The rope was pulled with an angle of 300from the horizontal. Find the resultant
force exerted by Janelle and Myka.
Given:
F1 = 30 N,horizontally (East)
F2 = 40 N, 300from the horizontal (North of East)
Find:FR
Solution:
Step 1: Choose an appropriate scale.
Scale: 1cm = 10 N
Step 2: Draw the Cartesian plane and plot the two force vectors from tail to
tail. Using your chosen scale, F1 = 3 cm long should be drawn along
x –axis (East direction) and F2 = 4 cm long, then a protractor will be
used to plot 300 on the x- axis (North of East.)

F2

300
x
-x
F1

-y
Step 3: Draw a line parallel to each vector to make a parallelogram.
y

F2

x
-x F1

-y
Step 4: Draw the resultant vector. Use a ruler to measure the arrow
representing the resultant vector. If your measurement is correct, it
should be about 6.7 cm. Using a protractor, the angle that the
resultant vector makes with the positive x-axis should be around 180
y

F1 FR

-x
F1

-y

Step 5. Using the chosen scale 6.7 cm is 67 N.Therefore, the resultantforce

vector is FR= 6.7N, 180 North of East.
2. Polygon Method
The polygon method is also known as the head-to-tail addition of vectors.
Study the problem below and see if the steps involved in component method
are being followed.

Example:
This time of pandemic, you choose to have your Zumba exercise in your
barangay gymnasium instead of going to Fitness gym. So, from your house to
the gymnasium you walk with the following displacements 100 mdue East, 50
m due North and another 50 m to the West. Find your resultant displacement
using polygon method.
Given: d1 = 100 m, E
d2= 50 m, N
d3= 50 m, W
Find :dR
Solution:
Step 1: Choose the appropriate scale and frame of reference for the
given vectors.Scale: 1cm = 10 m

Step 2: Draw the first vector starting from the origin of the reference
frame. Draw the second vector starting from the head of the first vector.
Proceed to draw the remaining vectors starting from the head of the most
recent vector drawn. All the vectors must be connected in series, head-to- tail
fashion.
Vector Diagram:

d2

Step 3: Draw a new vector connecting the tail of the first vector to the head of
the last vector drawn. The new vector is the resultant vector of the given
vectors. Measure the magnitude and direction of the resultant vector using a
ruler and a protractor.
Vector Diagram:
 d2

If your measurement is accurate, then your resultant displacement vector is

dR = 7.1 cm, 450 North of East.

B. PYTHAGOREAN THEOREM
The resultant of two vectors that form a right angle may be computed by
applying the Pythagorean theorem.
Figure 1 below shows that vector A + B = R and that it forms a right angle .
In figure 2 , a right triangle with sides a and b and hypotenuse , c . The
2 =a 2 +
length of the sides are related through the Pythagorean theorem, c b2
See how the Pythagorean theorem is applied in the example below:

Figure1. Two vectors forming a Figure 2. A right triangle with sides a and b and
right triangle hypotenuse, c

Example:
Tina, a mother of a one-year-old baby trains her daughter to walk every
morning. Baby Summer can make steps for as far as 4 m East, falls and starts
to walk again with a distance of 5 m North. What is Baby Summer’s resultant
displacement?
Given:
d1 = 4m, E
d2= 5 m, N
Find :dR
Solution:
The figure shows that the vectors form a right triangle where dR =
hypotenuse, d1= one side of the triangle, aandd2= the other side of the triangle,
b.

dR
d
2

d1

Using the Pythagorean theorem, 𝑐= √𝑎2 + 𝑏2

𝑑𝑅 = √ d12 + d22

= √(4𝑚)2 +(5𝑚) 2

= √16𝑚2 + 25𝑚2
= √41𝑚2
dR= 6.40𝑚 (magnitude of the resultant)
To get the direction of the vector, use
𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒
𝑇𝑎𝑛 𝜃=
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
𝑑2
=
𝑑1
5𝑚
=
4𝑚

= 1.25𝑚
𝜃= 51.34
𝑑𝑅 = 6.40𝑚 , 51.340 𝑁 𝑜𝑓 𝐸
C. ANALYTICAL METHOD
Vector addition by components. The component method is the standard way
to add vectors. The basic concepts of trigonometry are important in this method.
The trigonometric functions are used to determine the magnitude and direction
of the vector The different trigonometric functions are as follows:

Trigonometric functions
Sin ѳ = opposite side
hypotenuse
Cos ѳ= adjacent side
hypotenuse
Tan ѳ = opposite side
adjacent side

Are you now ready for the next method in adding vectors? Let us first see
how vectors are broken down into its x and y components by studying the
problem below : (Note a scale is not needed to show the x and y components
of a vector)
Example:
1. Find the x and y components of a displacement vector with a magnitude of
10 m and a direction of 600 with respect to x – axis as shown

dy
-x 60 0x
dx
-y
Given:

d = 10 m ,600 x-axis
Find: dx and dy
 Solution:
𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒
Sin𝜃=
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
𝑑𝑦
=
𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦 =𝑑 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝜃

= 10 𝑚 𝑆𝑖𝑛 600
𝑑𝑦 = 8.66 𝑚
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒
Cos𝜃=
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒

𝑑𝑥
=
𝑑𝑦

𝑑𝑥 =𝑑 𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝜃
= 10 𝑚 𝑆𝑖𝑛 600
𝑑𝑥 = 10 𝑚

2. Myka walks 100 m East. Find the components of Myka’sdisplacement.

Given:
d = 100 m
Find: dx and dy
y

x
-y

Solution: dx = 100m
dy = 0

Now that you already know how the vectors are broken into its x and y
components, you are now ready to add two or more vectors using the
component method. Below is an example applying the steps.

Example:
A camper was lost and so he was looking for his companions He took his
compass to see his exact location.. He walked 10 km , 300 North of East then
walks another 5km, Southeast in order for him see his companions. After a few
hours of walking , .he was able to locate the camping site. Determine the
resultant displacement of the camper by using component method.
Given:d1 = 10 km, 300 N of E.
d2= 5km, SE
Find :dR
Solution:
Step 1. Draw each vector and show its components. Resolve each vector into
its x and y components by using trigonometric functions.

Components of d1 Components of d2

d2x
d1
450 d2y
300 d1y d2
d1x -x
-y -y

𝑑1𝑥 = 𝑑 1𝐶𝑜𝑠 300 𝑑2𝑥 = 𝑑 2𝐶𝑜𝑠 300

= 10𝑘𝑚 ( 0.866 ) = 5𝑘𝑚 ( 0.707)
= 8.66𝑘𝑚 = 3.54𝑘 𝑚

𝑑1𝑦 = 𝑑 1𝑆𝑖𝑛 300 𝑑2𝑦 =𝑑 2𝑆𝑖𝑛 300

= 10 𝑘𝑚( 0.5 ) = 5𝑘𝑚 ( .707)
= 5𝑘𝑚 = −3.54𝑘𝑚
Step 2 .Find the sum of the x components

∑ 𝑑𝑥 =𝑑 1𝑥 + 𝑑2𝑥

= 8.66 𝑘𝑚 +3.54 𝑘𝑚
= 12.2 𝑘𝑚
Step 3: Find the sum of the y components

∑ 𝑑𝑦 =𝑑 1𝑦 + 𝑑2𝑦

= 5 𝑘𝑚 +(−3.54 𝑘𝑚)
= 1.46 𝑘𝑚
The sum may be summarized in the table below:
Displacement X component Y component
d1 + 8.66 km + 5 km
d2 + 3.54 km - 3.54 km
+ 12. 2 km +1.46 km

Step 4. Calculate the magnitude and direction of the resultant vector by using
Pythagorean theorem and trigonometric functions

𝑑𝑅 = √(∑ 𝑑𝑥)2 + ∑ 𝑑𝑦)2

= √(12.2 𝑚)2 +( 1.46 𝑚) 2

= √148.44 𝑚2 + 2.13 𝑚 2
=√150.57 𝑚 2

𝑑𝑅 = 12.3 𝑘𝑚

𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒
𝑇𝑎𝑛 𝜃= ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒

∑ 𝑑𝑦
=
∑ 𝑑𝑥
 1.46𝑘𝑚
=
12.2 𝑘𝑚
= 0.12
𝜃= 7
dR= 12.3 km,70 N of E

The following activities are provided to help you master the addition of
vectors using different methods.

Learning Competency:

Perform addition of vectors (STEM_GP12V-Ia-9)

Activity 1: SHOW ME THE WAY!

You need the following materials:

• ruler
• protractor
• pencil
Coordinate System Direction Guide

Directions:
1. Draw the following displacement vectors in a single Cartesian plane using
the scale 1 cm = 1m ( 5pts each )

A. d1 = 4m, 300 North of East

B.d2= 5m, 300 South of East
C.d3 = 3m, 600 West of South
D. d4= 6m, 400 West of North
 y

-y
2. Find the resultant of the following vectors using analytical method. (2 pts
each)

a. F1 = 150 N, North
F2 = 250 N, North
FR=?

b. F1 = 50 N, East
F2 = 20 N, West
FR=?

c. d1 = 7 km, East
d2 = 3 km, East
dR=?
 d. d1 = 10 km, North
d2 = 20 km, South
dR=?

e. d1= 14 km, South

d2 = 8km, South
dR=?

Activity 2: ADDITION OF VECTORS USING GRAPHICAL METHOD

Directions: Use the tail- to tip or tail –to tail method to add the given vectors.
Follow the steps involved in each method. (10 points each)

1. Determine the magnitude and direction of the resultant force that acts on
a body which is 200 N East and another force of 150 N, 300 North of West.
2. A jogger runs directly North for 30 km, then turns to the West and goes 20
km. How far is she from the starting point and in what direction?

3. F 1 = 20 N, E
F1 = 30 N, 450 N of E
F3 = 10 N, N
FR=?

4. A = 7 cm,300 counterclockwise from the positive axis

B = 11 cm, 1400 counterclockwise from the positive axis
C =?
5. F1 = 8.5 N ,700N of E
F2 = 8.5N ,300S of E
F3 = 8.5 N, 400 N of W
F4 = 7 N, E
FR=?
Activity 3: RESULTANT DISPLACEMENT VECTOR
Directions: Solve the following problems. Show your complete solutions.
(10 pts. each).
1. A knight on a chessboard is moved three squares to the right and two square
forward. What is the displacement of the knight if the length of one side of the
square is 4cm? (Assume that the knight is always placed at the center of the
square). Use Pythagorean theorem in finding the resultant vector.

2. During the General Enhanced Community Quarantine, we were mandated to

stay and work from home. We do a lot of walking as we do a lot of household
chores at home. Applying vector addition, identify five displacements inside
your house then calculate your total displacement. Use component method in
finding your resultant displacement. Show your complete solution.
Activity 4: FIND MY X AND MY Y
Directions: Find the x and y components of each of the following vectors.
Show your solutions and put your final answer on the space provided.(5pts.
each)

1.

x=
V = 25 cm / s
y=
270

N
F = 100 N ,
2.
x=
y=

3.
d = 12cm x=

500 y=
Activity 5: COMPONENT METHOD
Directions: Calculate the resultant of each vector using component method.
Show your complete solution following the different steps involved in
component method.(10 pts each)

1. A = 14 cm, 60 0N of E andB = 20 cm, 200 N of E

2. F 1 = 12 N, -30 and F2= 20 N , 900

3. v 1 = 4m/s, 00 v2 = 8m/s, 900 v3 = 12m/s ,1200

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 GENERAL PHYSICS 1
Name: Grade Level:
Date: Score:

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

Rewrite a Vector in Component form
Background Information for the Learners (BIL)

In the discussion of vector addition, we saw that a number of vectors

acting together can be combined to give a single vector called the resultant
vector. In much the same way a single vector can be broken down into a
number of vectors which when added give that original vector. These vectors
which sum to the original are called components of the original vector. The
process of breaking a vector into its components is called resolving into
components.
In practice it is most useful to resolve a vector into components which
are at right angles to one another, usually horizontal and vertical. Think about
all the problems we've solved so far. If we have vectors parallel to the x- and y-
axes problems are straightforward to solve.
Any vector can be resolved into a horizontal and a vertical component.
If R⃗ is a vector, then the horizontal component of R⃗ is R⃗ x and the vertical
component is R⃗ y.

Components of a Vector
In a two-dimensional coordinate system, any vector can be brokeninto
x -component and y -component.

V = Vx , Vy
 For example, in the figure shown below, the vector v⃗ v→ is broken into
two components, Vx and Vy . Let the angle between the vector and its x -
component be θ.

Downloaded from
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vector
The vector and its components form a right angled triangle as shown below.

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vector
 In the above figure, the components can be quickly read. The vector in
the component form is v⃗ =⟨4,5⟩v→=⟨4,5⟩ .

The trigonometric ratios give the relation between magnitude of the

vector and the components of the vector.
cos  = 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑉𝑥
=
𝑉
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
sin  = 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑉𝑦
=
𝑉
Vx = Vcos  ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
Vy = Vsin 

Using the Pythagorean Theorem in the right triangle with lengths vx and
vy :

𝑉=√𝑉𝑥 2 + 𝑉𝑦2

Determining the Resultant and Direction of Multiple Vectors

A = 50 N 300 N of E
B = 25 N 650 S of W
C = 45 N. 200 S of E

1. Draw the vectors in the Cartesian plane.

2. Compute the x and y components of each vector. Note the sign of each
component based on the location in the Cartesian plane.
3. Add all the x-components and y-components.
4. Calculate the resultant and direction using the formula below.

𝑹= √𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐
 𝒚
=
𝒙

Vectors x- component y- component

A 50 N cos 300 = 43.3 N 50 N sin 300 = 25 N
B -25 N cos 650 = 10.6 N 25 N sin 650 = 22.7 N
C 45 N cos 200 = 42.3 N -45 N sin 200 = -15.4 N
x = 75 N y = 32.3 N

F = √75 𝑁2 +32.2 𝑁 2

F = 81.62 N

32.3
=
75

 = 23.30 N of E

F = 81.62 N 23.30 N of E

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help
you master the Vectors. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many
different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse
vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard
sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed
to correspond with the textbook you are now using.

Learning Competency:
Rewrite a Vector in Component form (STEM _GP12V-Ia-10)
Activity 1: Resultant Vector of Typhoon Yolanda
Directions: Identify the velocity of Typhoon Yolanda as it enters and exit the
Philippine Area of Responsibility. Calculate the resultant velocity.
Vector Velocity (m/s) x-component y-component
425 km E SE
64 km/h W
241 km/h W
34 km/h W
250 km/h W
314 km/h W
378 km/h W
314 km/h W
298 km/h W
x = y =

=
Vx =
Vy =
V=
Activity 2: Complete me!

Directions: Determine the resultant displacement of going to school from your

house using component method.

Vector Displacement (m) x – component y – component

d1
d2
d3
d4
d5
x = y =

=
d=
Activity 3: Complete the Table
Directions: During the Enhanced Community Quarantine of COVID 19
Pandemic the mandate for the people in our country is to stay home. Kindly
identify 5 displacements as you move inside your house. Determine your
resultant displacement using component method.

Vector Magnitude dx dy
Displacement 1
Displacement 2
Displacement 3
Displacement 4
Displacement 5
dx dy =

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