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Acids Bases Salts Notes

This document provides information about acids, bases, and salts. It defines acids as compounds that produce hydronium ions in water. It describes different types of organic and inorganic acids. It also discusses the basicity of acids and defines monobasic, dibasic, and tribasic acids. The document defines bases as compounds containing displaceable oxide or hydroxide ions. It describes strong and weak bases. It provides examples of chemical reactions involving acids and bases, such as neutralization and reactions with metals, carbonates, and sulphides. The document also discusses the physical properties of bases/alkalis and their use in daily life contexts like the human body and plant growth. Finally, it defines salts as compounds formed by

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237 views5 pages

Acids Bases Salts Notes

This document provides information about acids, bases, and salts. It defines acids as compounds that produce hydronium ions in water. It describes different types of organic and inorganic acids. It also discusses the basicity of acids and defines monobasic, dibasic, and tribasic acids. The document defines bases as compounds containing displaceable oxide or hydroxide ions. It describes strong and weak bases. It provides examples of chemical reactions involving acids and bases, such as neutralization and reactions with metals, carbonates, and sulphides. The document also discusses the physical properties of bases/alkalis and their use in daily life contexts like the human body and plant growth. Finally, it defines salts as compounds formed by

Uploaded by

Abhi Shah
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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ACIDS BASES

SALTS
ICSE CLASS 10
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Acids are defined as compounds which contain one or
Acids more hydrogen atoms and when dissolved in water,
produce hydronium ions the only positively charged ions.

Organic Acids
Acetic Acid - Vinegar Obtained from Plants. C is Mandatory
Citric Acid - Oranges and Lemons
Butyric Acid - Rancid Butter
to be a Element
Hydrochloric Acid - Gastric Juice Oxalic Acid , Acetic Acid
Formic Acid - Sting of Bees
Lactic Acid - Sour Milk Inorganic Acids
Tartaric Acid - Grapes , Tamarind Obtained from Minerals are Inorganic and
they do contain C. H2CO3 is a Exception
Oxy - Acids Hydracids
HCL , HNO3, H2SO4

Basicity of Acids
The Basicity of an acid is defined as the number of
hydronium ions that can be produced by the ionisation
of one molecule of that acid in Aqueous Solution.

MonoBasic - Acids which on ionisation in water Dibasic Acids


H2SO4 , HSC2O4 , H2SO3
produces one hydronium ion per molecule of
Tribasic Acids
the acid are known as Monobasic Acids. H3PO4,C6H8O7
HCL , CH3COOH

Silicic Acid NEUTRALIZATION


H2SiO4 has
Basicity Four.
REACTION
Acid + Base -----> Salt + H2O

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Reaction of Acids With A Metal Reaction of Acids With A Carbonate
Acid + Metal -----> Salt + H2 Acid + Carbonate -----> Salt + H2O+ CO2
2HCL + ZN ----> ZnCl2 + H2 NA2CO3 + 2HCL --> 2NaCl + H2O + CO2
Reaction of Acids With Sulphites Reaction of Acids With Sulphides
and Bisulphites Acid + Sulphide -----> Salt + H2S
Acid + Sulphites -----> Salt + H20 + SO2
CaCO3 + HCL --> CaCl2 + H20 + SO2 ZnS + 2HCL --> ZnCl2 + H2S
BASES ALKALI
Bases Contain either
Bases which are
displaceable oxide O2-
ions or displaceable soluble in water
Hydroxide Ions OH- are called Alkali.

On the Basis of On the Basis of


Strength Acidity PHYSICAL
MonoAcidic PROPERTIES
Strong Base NH4OH , KOH
They Have Sharp and Bitter
NaOH , KOH DiAcidic Taste.
Cu(OH)2 , Ca(OH)2
Weak Base Soapy Substances , Slippery
Triacidic to Touch.
NH4OH Al(OH)3
Strong Electrolysis
Mild Corrosive Action or SKin

Strong alkalis absorb carbon They precipitate as insoluble metal

dioxide from the air to form hydroxides when added to the


carbonates Chemical properties solutions of the salts of the heavy
2NaOH + CO2 ⟶ 2Na2CO3 + H2O metals namely copper, iron and
2KOH + CO2 ⟶ K2CO3 + H2O zinc

pH in Daily Life
Our body works within the pH range of 7.0 to 7.8.
Plants require a specific pH range for their healthy growth.
Our stomach produces hydrochloric acid which helps in the
digestion of food without harming the stomach.
Tooth decay starts when the pH of the mouth is lower than 5.5.

SALT
salt is a compound formed by the partial
or total replacement of the ionizable
hydrogen atoms of an acid by a metallic
or an ammonium ion

Normal Salt - NaCl


Acidic Salt - NaHSO3
Basic Salt - NaOHSO4
Clarify Knowledge by
Pranay Mishra

pranaymishrack

t.me/pranaymishra

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