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System of Linear Equations

A system of linear equations can be solved using echelon matrices. A system has a unique solution if the number of equations equals the number of variables. It has more than one solution if there are fewer equations than variables. And it has no solution if an equation reduces to 0=0. Examples show setting up and row reducing echelon matrices to solve systems of linear equations. Exercises provide additional practice solving systems and determining the number of solutions.

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60 views

System of Linear Equations

A system of linear equations can be solved using echelon matrices. A system has a unique solution if the number of equations equals the number of variables. It has more than one solution if there are fewer equations than variables. And it has no solution if an equation reduces to 0=0. Examples show setting up and row reducing echelon matrices to solve systems of linear equations. Exercises provide additional practice solving systems and determining the number of solutions.

Uploaded by

Equation Learning-YT
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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System of Linear Equations

A system of linear equations in variables is of the form

Consistent: A system of linear equations is called consistent if it has at least one solution.
Inconsistent: A system of linear equations is called inconsistent if it has no solution.

 A system of linear equations has a unique solution if in echelon form:


The number of equations = the number of variables
 A system of linear equations has more than one solution if in echelon form:
The number of equations the number of variables
 A system of linear equations has no solution if in echelon form:
At least one equation will appear of the form

Example1: Solve the following system of equations by echelon matrix:


Solution: The augmented matrix of the given equations is

( )

( )

( )

Corresponding system of equations:

By using the back substitution we get the solution

Example2: Solve the following system of equations by echelon matrix:

Solution: The augmented matrix of the given equations is

( )

( )

( )

Corresponding system of equations:


Or,

By using the back substitution we get the solution

Example3: Solve the following system of equations by echelon matrix:

Solution: The augmented matrix of the given equations is

( )

( )

Corresponding system of equations:

Or,

In the echelon form, the system has two equations in four variables. So the system has more than
one solution.
There are 2 free variables and and let and
Then the above equations give

and

( )
or,

Therefore the solution is


Where, and are any arbitrary number.
Example4: For what values of the following system of linear equations has: (i) a unique solution; (ii)
more than one solution; (iii) no solution.

Solution: The augmented matrix of the given equations is

( )

( )

( )

Corresponding system of equations:

We observe that
(i) If or, if , the system of equations has a unique
solution.
(ii) If , the system of equations has more than one solution.
(iii) If , the system of equations has no solution.

Exercises:
1. Solve the following system of linear equation by echelon matrix:
(i)

(ii)

(iii)
(iv)

2. For what values of and the following system of linear equations has: (i) a unique solution; (ii)
more than one solution; (iii) no solution:

3. For what values of the following system of linear equations has: (i) a unique solution; (ii) more
than one solution; (iii) no solution:

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