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2 - Introduction To Compilation

This document provides an introduction to compiler construction. It describes how compilers translate programs written in a source language into semantically equivalent programs in a target language. The compilation process involves two main parts - analysis and synthesis. Analysis determines the operations implied by the source code and records them in a tree structure, while synthesis takes the tree structure and translates the operations into the target program. The document outlines several common compiler phases like scanning, parsing, code generation and optimization and discusses tools that can be used to implement these phases. It also assigns groups of students to research and present on specific compiler-related topics.

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72 views

2 - Introduction To Compilation

This document provides an introduction to compiler construction. It describes how compilers translate programs written in a source language into semantically equivalent programs in a target language. The compilation process involves two main parts - analysis and synthesis. Analysis determines the operations implied by the source code and records them in a tree structure, while synthesis takes the tree structure and translates the operations into the target program. The document outlines several common compiler phases like scanning, parsing, code generation and optimization and discusses tools that can be used to implement these phases. It also assigns groups of students to research and present on specific compiler-related topics.

Uploaded by

Shaddy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.

Introduction to Compiler
Construction

ECSI 3206

Compiler Design and Construction


(SCCI/2018 & SCCI/2018P)
Compilers and Interpreters
a) “Compilation”
– Translation of a program written in a source
language into a semantically equivalent program
written in a target language

Input

Source Compiler
Target
Program Program

Error messages Output


• Notice the difference in size between the
source code and the compiled Application
programme
b) “Interpretation”
– Performing the operations implied by the source
program

Source
Program
Interpreter Output
Input

Error messages
The Analysis-Synthesis Model of
Compilation

• There are two parts to compilation:


– Analysis determines the operations implied by the
source program which are recorded in a tree
structure
– Synthesis takes the tree structure and translates
the operations therein into the target program
Other Tools that Use the Analysis-
Synthesis Model
• Editors (syntax highlighting)
• Pretty printers (e.g. Doxygen)
• for documentation generation
• Static checkers (e.g. Lint and Splint)
• for static analysis of source code: syntax errors, undeclared variables,
deprecated functions,
• Interpreters
• E.g. …?
• Text formatters (e.g. TeX and LaTeX)
• Silicon compilers (e.g. VHDL
• VHDL = VHSIC Hardware Description Language; VHSIC = very high-
speed integrated circuit)
• Query interpreters/compilers (Databases)
Preprocessors, Compilers, Assemblers,
and Linkers
Skeletal Source Program

Preprocessor

Source Program
Compiler

Target Assembly Program


Assembler

Relocatable Object Code


Linker Libraries and
Relocatable Object Files
Absolute Machine Code
The Phases of a Compiler
Phase Output Sample
Programmer (source code producer) Source string A=B+C;
Scanner (performs lexical analysis) Token string ‘A’, ‘=’, ‘B’, ‘+’, ‘C’, ‘;’
And symbol table with names
Parser (performs syntax analysis Parse tree or abstract syntax tree ;
|
based on the grammar of the =
programming language) / \
A +
/ \
B C

Semantic analyzer (type checking, Annotated parse tree or abstract


etc) syntax tree
Intermediate code generator Three-address code, quads, or int2fp B t1
RTL + t1 C t2
:= t2 A
Optimizer Three-address code, quads, or int2fp B t1
RTL + t1 #2.3 A
Code generator Assembly code MOVF #2.3,r1
ADDF2 r1,r2
MOVF r2,A
Peephole optimizer Assembly code ADDF2 #2.3,r2
MOVF r2,A
The Grouping of Phases
• Compiler front and back ends:
– Front end: analysis (machine independent)
– Back end: synthesis (machine dependent)
• Compiler passes:
– A collection of phases is done only once (single pass) or
multiple times (multi pass)
• Single pass: usually requires everything to be defined before being
used in source program
• Multi pass: compiler may have to keep entire program
representation in memory
Compiler-Construction Tools
• Software development tools are available to
implement one or more compiler phases
– Scanner generators
– Parser generators
– Syntax-directed translation engines
– Automatic code generators
– Data-flow engines
Assignment
• Mid Term paper
• Required:
– In groups, you are required to research and
present a 1200 words document on the following
topics.

– Due Wednesday 26th January

We form the groups, then agree on how to deliver


• Group 1
– Editors (syntax highlighting)
– Pretty printers (e.g. Doxygen)
• Group 2
– Static checkers (e.g. Lint and Splint)
– Interpreters
• Group 3 (this group Must make a demo)
– Text formatters (e.g. TeX and LaTeX)
• Group 4
– Silicon compilers (e.g. VHDL
– Query interpreters/compilers (Databases)
• Group 5 (h1, h2)
– Compiler Construction tools
• Scanner generators
• Parser generators
• Syntax-directed translation engines
• Automatic code generators
• Data-flow engines
• Thanks

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