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Analog Communication - DSBSC Modulators

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In this chapter, let us discuss about the modulators, which generate DSBSC wave. The following two modulators generate DSBSC wave.
Balanced modulator
Ring modulator

Balanced Modulator
Following is the block diagram of the Balanced modulator.

Balanced modulator consists of two identical AM modulators. These two modulators are arranged in a balanced configuration in order to suppress the carrier signal. Hence, it is called
as Balanced modulator.

The same carrier signal c (t) = Ac

c
cos(
cos(2πfc
c
t) is applied as one of the inputs to these two AM modulators. The modulating signal m (t) is applied as another input to the

upper AM modulator. Whereas, the modulating signal m (t) with opposite polarity, i.e., −m (t) is applied as another input to the lower AM modulator.

Output of the upper AM modulator is

s1
1
(t) = Ac
c
[1 + ka
a
m (t)] cos(
cos(2πfc
c
t)

Output of the lower AM modulator is

s2
2
(t) = Ac
c
[1 − ka
a
m (t)] cos(
cos(2πfc
c
t)

We get the DSBSC wave s (t) by subtracting s2

2
(t) from s1
1
(t) . The summer block is used to perform this operation. s1
1
(t) with positive sign and s2
2
(t) with negative

sign are applied as inputs to summer block. Thus, the summer block produces an output s (t) which is the difference of s1
1
(t) and s2
2
(t) .

⇒ s (t) = Ac
c
[1 + ka
a
m (t)] cos(
cos(2πfc
c
t) − Ac
c
[1 − ka
a
m (t)] cos(
cos(2πfc
c
t)

⇒ s (t) = Ac cos(
c cos
(2πfc
c
t) + Ac
c
ka
a
m (t) cos(
cos(2πfc
c
t) − Ac cos(
c cos
(2πfc
c
t)+

Ac
c
ka
a
m (t) cos(
cos(2πfc
c
t)

⇒ s (t) = 2Ac
c
ka
a
m (t) cos(
cos(2πfc
c
t)

We know the standard equation of DSBSC wave is

 s (t) = Ac
c
m (t) cos(
cos(2πfc
c
t)

By comparing the output of summer block with the standard equation of DSBSC wave, we will get the scaling factor as 2ka
a

Ring Modulator
Following is the block diagram of the Ring modulator.

In this diagram, the four diodes D1

1
, D2
2
, D3
3
and D4
4
are connected in the ring structure. Hence, this modulator is called as the ring modulator.
modulator. Two center tapped

transformers are used in this diagram. The message signal m (t) is applied to the input transformer. Whereas, the carrier signals c (t) is applied between the two center tapped

transformers.

For positive half cycle of the carrier signal, the diodes D1

1
and D3
3
are switched ON and the other two diodes D2
2
and D4
4
are switched OFF. In this case, the message

signal is multiplied by +1.

For negative half cycle of the carrier signal, the diodes D2

2
and D4
4
are switched ON and the other two diodes D1
1
and D3
3
are switched OFF. In this case, the message

0
signal is multiplied by -1. This results in 0
180 phase shift in the resulting DSBSC wave.

From the above analysis, we can say that the four diodes D1
1
, D2
2
, D3
3
and D4
4
are controlled by the carrier signal. If the carrier is a square wave, then the Fourier series

representation of c (t) is represented as

∞
∞ n
n−−1
1
4 (−1)
c (t) = ∑ cos[
cos[2πfc
c
t (2n − 1)]
π 2n − 1
n
n==1
1

We will get DSBSC wave s (t) , which is just the product of the carrier signal c (t) and the message signal m (t) i.e.,

∞
∞ n
n−−1
1
4 (−1)
s (t) = ∑ cos[
cos[2πfc
c
t (2n − 1)]m (t)
π 2n − 1
n
n==1
1

The above equation represents DSBSC wave, which is obtained at the output transformer of the ring modulator.
DSBSC modulators are also called as product modulators as they produce the output, which is the product of two input signals.

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