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Intro Reviewwwwee

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Lecture 1: Introduction to Information Technology money. 2000 - first camera phone is Sharp J-SH04 in Japan.

Information Technology - general term for any Sony Ericsson T68i was launched in western market
technology that helps to produce, manipulate, store, 3. IT IN LEISURE which has an additional set of sensory for the camera
communicate and disseminate information. - 3D (three dimension) - 3D animation technology
- IT is the combination of computer and used in high-tech the vitality of movies, replacing the Other notable invention between 1983-2000:
communications technology 2D images seen in older movies a. video calling - Kyocera VP-210 Visual Phone
- cartoon films, digital audio version, digital games, b. GPS navigation - Benefon Esc
TWO PARTS OF IT: holographic image processing technology c. MMS - Sony Ericsson T68i
1. computer technology - programmable multiuse - simulation games - to artificially create a natural d. Bluetooth - Ericsson R520M
machine that accepts data and processes or environment based on the action that takes place in e. memory card - Siemens SL45
manipulates into information we can use normal life. It is used to train, analyze, or plan sports, f. mp3 player - SPHM-1000 (Samsung)
- data - raw facts and figure for example, combat training.
- computer ←accepts information and processes 2003 - 3G technology in UK; front camera (Sony
it into data. 4. IT IN GOVERNMENT Ericsson Z1010); video calls; augmented reality
- e-government - application of ICTs to government (Seimens 5X1)
2. communications technology - consists of functions and procedures with the purpose of
electromagnetic devices and systems for increasing efficiency and transparency. It is used to 2005 - ability to connect to WI-FI network (Calypso
communicating over long distances increase efficiency, transparency, and citizens C1250i); waterproof technology in Casio Canu GZ'one
- also called telecommunications technology participation.
- examples: telephone, televisions, cable tv - example: government websites, electronic voting 2006 - NFC function on Nokia 6131

online - means using a computer or using some form 5. IT IN CAREER 2008 - launch of android market called Google Play
of information devices which is connected to a network - IT creates new and more jobs Store; voice control from Google; facial recognition
to access information and services from another
computer or information device 2009 - wireless charging in PALM PRE
online is the processing, transferring, or receiving data HOW HAS TELEPHONE CHANGED?
over a network or internet 2,617 - average of how many times users touch their 2011 - fingerprint scanning device in Motorola Atrix
network - a communications system connecting two phone each day
or more computers Telephone has become essential in our life. 2017 - apple pay (payments through smart phone);
internet - the largest network in which is the notch phone in Sharp Aquos S2
connection of different network EVOLUTION OF PHONES (1983-2020)
1983 - first portable phone was the Motorola DynaTAC 2018 - pop up selfie camera in Vivo NEXT
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN AREAS OF 8000X for 4000$, weighted over a kilogram and the
SOCIETY battery charge is over 10 hours with 30 minutes use 2019 - Everything, Everywhere, launched 5G network
1. IT IN EDUCATION in 6 cities
- allow students to personalize their education 1989 - Motorola DynaTAC 9800X with folding
- automate many tedious and rote task of teaching and keyboard, so, it was a flip phone 2020 - first foldable glass smartphone (Galaxy Z flip)
managing classes
- reduce teachers' workload per student 1991 - GSM launched for the first time in Europe the Cyberspace - a term coined in 1948 to apply to the
Orbitel TPU 900 which is preferred by companies comparative study of automatic control systems, such
e-learning or distance learning - utilizing IT to as the brain or nervous system and mechanical-
access educational resources outside traditional 1992 - world's first text message is Merry Christmas electrical communication systems
curriculum using the Orbitel TPU 900. Nokia also launched the - cyberspace comes from the word cybernetics
1011 model that could be used anywhere in the world
2. IT IN HEALTH thanks to GSM technology, it weighs 500 grams with Protocol - set of rules that computers follow to
- telemedicine - a medical care delivered by monochrome LCD screen, and had an extendable communicate or exchange information over the
telecommunications antenna internet
- examples: robots, automatic devices, mobile a. HTTP - Hypertext Transfer Protocol
applications 1994 - first phone with game is the HAGENUK MT- - It enables us to browse the internet
2000 b. FTP - File Transfer Protocol
3. IT IN MONEY - It allows us to download and upload data
- virtual - something is created, simulated, or carried 1997 - Siemens S10 is the world's first colored display from and to the internet
on by means of computer or computer networks that phone. The four colors are red, green, white, and blue. c. SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
acts the same as reality - It is responsible in sending and receiving
- cashless society is where purchases of goods or 1999 - Nokia 7110 is the first mobile phone to feature message
services are made by using credit cards or digital WHP that allow wireless accessed to information
World Wide Web - an interconnected system of usage in 1995 2018 - laptops, tablets, smart phones, smart watches
internet computers (called servers) that supports
specially formatted documents in multimedia form In early 90's, companies like AOL and Compuserve VARITIES OF COMPUTER
- often simply called as web were stating to provide dial-up internet access. Computers come in a variety of shapes and sizes that
- the multimedia part of the internet can be classified according to their processing power.
dial-up - a method of connecting to the internet via
HISTORY OF THE INTERNET telephone line a. supercomputer - high-capacity machines with
pizza - first thing ever purchased on the internet thousands of processors; fastest, most expensive;
1962 - JCR Licklider proposed the idea of a network of used for complex calculations
computers that could talk to each other HISTORY OF THE COMPUTER - example: weather forecasting, nuclear science,
1937- first electronic digital computer was built by Dr. rocket launching
1969 - the first ever message was sent over the John Vincent Atanasoff and Clifford Berry that was
ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency called the Atanasoff-Berry Computer (ABC) b. mainframe computer - multiple users; typically
Network). The first message is supposed to be LOGIN designed to solve systems of linear algebraic used by large corporations. bank is likely to buy a
but due to a crash in the network, Stanford was only equations mainframe computer to process customer deposits.
able to receive LO. The two locations of the ARPANET - example: schools, corporate, airport
are in UCLA and Stanford. By the end of the year, four 1943 - Colossus built by Tommy Flowers for the
computers were connected to the ARPANET. military which is the first large scale electronic c. minicomputer - web servers, database, gaming
computer used against the German system of servers
1971 - University of Hawaii's ALOHA network was teleprinter encryption known at Bletchley Park as
added, followed by various networks in London and Tunny. d. microcomputer - single users; smallest computer
Norway two years later. type
1946 - ENIAC or Electronic Numerical Integrator - personal or desktop PCs - most common
Ray Tomlinson was developing the first system to and Computer is the first general-purpose digital computers; used for browsing, gaming, learning, small
send email back and forth between the users of computer built by John Mauchly which weighed 30 business
ARPANET, it was eventually called the electronic mail tons and had 18000 vacuums used for processing - workstations - higher memory and
or e-mail where the @ symbol was used to tell a processing power; used for designing, animation,
person's name apart from the host name with all the 1951 - Universal Automatic Computer (UNIVAC 1) complex calculations
networks floating around that needed to be away for all is the first computer for commercial use and was - mobile or tablet
computers on them to communicate with other introduced to the public; developed by John Presper - embedded computer - smart TV, cars,
networks Eckert and John Mauchly. It used transitions instead of microwave, watch; typically programmed to perform
vacuum tubes which was more reliable some set of tasks. A programmable microwave oven
Vinton Cerf, a computer scientist, invented away to would utilize a microcomputer.
introduce computers across the globe to each other in 1953 - International Business Machine or IBM 650 - tower pc - a microcomputer unit that sits on
a virtual space which is called Transmission Control and 700 series computers made their mark in the the floor, freeing up desk space
Protocol (TCP) which was followed by Internet computer world where over a 100-programming
Protocol language were developed and computers have client-server - relationship in which computers are
memory and operating systems connected to the server
In the 80's scientist uses surf's protocol to send data - client - the user who is connected to the computer
back and forth but the 90's is where it all began: 1980 - invention of integrated circuit brought the server
third-generation computers which are smaller, more - server - central computer that contains all data
1991 - computer programmer Tim Berners-Lee powerful, more reliable, and able to run many different and programs which is then supplied to the users.
invented the World Wide Web which is not only a data program Servers can store files, transmit email, and provide
space for scientist anymore because this was an entire printing stations.
network of information that was accessible to anyone 1981 - IBM introduced the personal computer (PC)
with internet connection for home and office use and they revolutionized HOW COMPUTERS WORK: THREE KEY CONCEPT
business computing by becoming the first PC to gain 1. The purpose of computer is to process data into
1992 - Erwise was created which is an internet mass spread in the industry information
browser and the first to have a graphic interface - Data - consists of the raw facts and figures that
1984 - Apple gave us Macintosh with its icon driven are processed into information; unorganized
1993 - Mosaic popularized the surfing the web and interface in which Steve Jobs was the leading actor for - Information - is the data that has been
influenced many of the browsers to follow including this development summarized or otherwise manipulated for use in
Netscape Navigator decision making; organized and use into useful thing
1985 - Microsoft develop its first windows operating
1994 – Netscape become the most popular web system named Windows 1.0, the first windows with 2. You should know the difference between
browser at the time accounting for 90% of the web graphical user interface operating system hardware and software
- Hardware - consists of all the machinery and - sound card - enhances computer's sound Multimedia - technology that presents information in
equipment in a computer system, tangible generating capabilities more than one medium in single integrate
- Software - consists of all the instructions that - monitor - display device that take electrical communication
tell the computer how to perform a task; installed signals from the video card and forms an image using
applications or programs points of colored light on the screen
a. operating system - acts as the interface The Internet-Exploring Cyberspace
between hardware and software communications hardware Internet - network of computers linking many different
b. application software - specific tasks, such - modem card - sends and receives data over types of computers all over the world
as solving problems telephone lines to and from computers - internet is a very large WAN
- software- the electronic instructions that tell a
3. Regardless of type and size, all computers computer how to perform a task which is also known WAN - Wide Area Network
follow the same four basic operations as programs LAN - Local Area Network - A system that connects a
- Input - is whatever is put into a computer - system software - helps computer perform group of desktop microcomputers and other devices such
system. When a user enters monthly bills into a family essential operations task and enable applications to as printers in an office or a building
finance computer program, these amounts are run or application software MAN - Metropolitan Area Network
considered to be input data. Input device that converts - application software
letters, numbers, and other characters into electrical 1960 - the year internet was born
signals readable by the processor is the keyboard. THREE DIRECTIONS OF COMPUTER
- Processing - is the manipulation a computer DEVELOPMENT ARPANET - the root of the internet developed by
does to transform data into information Miniaturization - Everything has become smaller. Advanced Research Projects Agency of US Department
- Output - is whatever is output from the ENIAC old fashioned radio-style vacuum tubes gave of Defense which linked together many mainframe
computer system, the results of processing way to the smaller, faster, more reliable transistor. A computers to form an communication network. It is the
- Communications Operation - computers have transistor is a smaller device used as a gateway for forefather of internet.
communication ability which offers an extension electrical signals along predetermined paths. The next
capability. With wired or wireless communications step was the development of tiny integrated circuits HOW TO CONECT OT THE INTERNET?
connections, data may be input from afar, processed which whole accumulations of electrical circuits or To connect to the internet, you need three things:
in remote area, stored in several different locations, pathways that are presently scratched on small - access device
and output in yet other places. squares (chips) of silicon a large portion of the extent - means of connection
- Storage - is of two types -temporary storage and of your thumbnail. Silicon is a characteristic - internet service provider
permanent storage. component found in a sand. The sand in unadulterated
- Temporary Storage - or memory, is the shape, it is the based material for computer processing BROADBAND AND TYPES OF DATA TRANSMISSION
computer circuitry that temporary holds data waiting to devices. The miniaturized the processor, or microchip, Bandwidth - channel capacity; speed of internet
be processed in an individual PC's today can perform estimations
- Secondary Storage - simply called storage, is that once required a PC filling a whole room. Types of Data Transmission
the area in the computer where data or information is - baseband transmission
held permanently. Speed - Thanks to miniaturization, computer makers - broadband transmission
can cram more hardware components into their
INSIDE THE SYSTEM CABINET machines, providing faster processing speed and more DATA TRANSMISSION SPEED
- case and power supply - it is also called the data storage capacity. data - transmitted in characters or collection of BITS.
system unit or system cabinet that houses the - One GIGABYTE is approximately 1 billion
processor chip (CPU), the memory chips and the Affordability - Processor costs today are only a characters.
motherboard with the power supply function of what they were 15 years ago. A state-of- - Bit
- CPU - central processing unit or processor chip; the-art processor costing less than 1000 provide the - bps
tiny piece of silicon that contains circuits same processing power as a huge 1980s computer - Kbps
- memory chips or RAM - random access memory; costing more than 1 million - Mbps
primary or temporary storage that holds data for - Gbps
processing THREE DIRECTIONS OF COMMUNICATIONS
- motherboard - system board or main circuit board DEVELOPMENT TYPES OF INTERNET CONNECTION
in the computer; expansion slots are available for Connectivity - connection of computer to one another 1. Narrowband (Dial-up Modem) / Dial-up Internet -
expanding PC's capabilities by communications line in order to provide online also called low-bandwidth connection, mainly consists of
- output hardware information access and sharing of peripheral devices dial-up connection where the user needs telephone
- peripheral device - expands a computers input, connection which allow the user to receive or make calls
storage, and output capabilities Interactivity - two-way communications; the user can one at a time on the same line
- examples: printers, disk drives respond to information they receive and modify what a - narrowband offers internet connectivity at speed of
- video card - converts processor's output into a computer is doing up to 28.8 kpbs to 56 kbps
video signal - In Dial-up connection, you use your computer, dial
a phone number (provider by ISP) to get connected to Number (ICANN) - Non-profit corporations to manage
server at Providers end through which you access complex issues like fraud prevention, privacy, and
Internet. It means you are not directly connected to intellectual-property protection. It regulate human-friendly
Internet; you access the Internet through an Internet internet domain names-those addresses ending with
Service Provider. .com, .org, .net, and so on, that overlie IP addresses and
- modem - a device that send and receive data over identify the website type.
telephone lines to and from the computer Kinds of Internet Access Providers - .com→commercial - advertisement, profit
1. Internet Service Providers (ISPs) - A company that - .org→organizations - non-profit
2. ISDN - means Integrated Service Digital Networks connects online users through their communications lines - .net→network
which is consist of hardware and software that allow to the company’s server, which links them to the internet
voice, video, and data to be communicated over via another company’s network access points. Worldwide Web - The part of the internet which is a
traditional copper wire telephone lines multimedia-based technology that enables you to access
- ISDN offers Internet connectivity at speeds of up to 2. Commercial Online Services - It is a member only more than just text. You can also download art, audio,
128 Kbps, allows the user to receive or make calls company that provides not only internet access but other video, and animation and engage in interactive games.
simultaneously on the same line. specialized content as well, such as news, games, and
financial data. BROWSER - It is a software that enables you to find and
3. DSL - means Digital Subscriber Line or Dedicated access the various parts of the web.
Service Line that uses regular telephone line 3. Wireless Internet Service Provider (WISP) - Enable SURF - It means to explore the web by using your mouse
- DSL uses regular phone lines, a DSL modem, and users with computer containing wireless modems-mostly to move via series of connected paths, or links, from one
special technology to transmit data in Mbps. DSL can laptop and web-enabled mobile smartphones and PDAs location, or website to another.
provide an excellent Internet connection. DSL offers to gain access to the internet. WEBSITE - It is a location on a particular computer on
Internet connectivity at speeds of up to 10 Mbps and up. the web that has unique address.
Internet Communications WEB PAGE - It is a document on the WWW that can
4. Cable Modem - It connects a personal computer to a Protocol - Set of rules that computers must follow to include text, pictures, sound, and video.
cable TV system that offers an internet connection. Cable transmit data electronically. HOME PAGE - or welcome page, which identifies the
Modem offers Internet connectivity at speeds of up to 30 Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol website and contain links to other pages at the site.
Mbps and up. (TCP/IP) - It enables all computers to use data URL (Uniform Resource Locator - It is a string of
transmitted on the internet. characters that points to a specific piece of information
5. T1 Line - used by corporate, government, and Packets - Fixed-length blocks of data for transmission. anywhere on the web.
academic sites. It offers Internet connectivity at speeds of IP Addresses - It uniquely identifies every computer
2.5 Gbps and up. It is also used by internet access and device connected to the internet. Parts of a URL (Uniform Resource Locator)
providers.
DATA FLOW ON THE INTERNET
6. Satellite - It is a wireless connection that involves 3 Internet - worldwide connection of computers that are
satellite dishes; one at the internet service providers hub, linked together
one in space and one attached to your property. World Wide Web - the global connection formed as a
- Once you have everything connected, the ISP will common wide area network which allow us to exchange 1. HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol) - It is the
send the internet signal to the dish in space which then information. communications rules that allow browser to connect with
relays it to you. web servers.
When you press the enter key and send information out
7. Wi-Fi Connections - It permits wireless transmission to the WWW, the information you send is broken down 2. Domain Name - web server name. It is a location on
of data from an access point, or hot spot. Wi-Fi is the into smaller pieces called data packets. the internet, the particular web server.
name given to any of several standards-so called 802.11 - Top-level domain name - It is a three letter
standards- set by IEEE for wireless transmission. Router - determines the best path for the data packets extension that describes the domain type: .gov, .com,
depending on the speed and number of travelling packets .net,.edu,. org, mil, int
8. 3G, 4G,5G, and 6G wireless connections - It is a - Some includes a two-letter code extension
high-speed wireless technology that does not need Who Runs the Internet? for the country- for example, .us,.ca, .mx,.uk,.ph.
access points because it uses the existing cell phone 1. International Society (ISOC) - A professional, non-
system. It is found in smartphones and PDAs. profit society with more than 80 organizational and 3. Directory Name - It is the name on the server for the
- G stands for “generation” 28,000 individual members in more than 180 countries. directory, or folder, from which your browser needs to pull
- 6G is expected to come into play around in 2030. ISOC provides leadership in addressing issues that the file.
confront the future of the internet and responsible for
internet infrastructure standard. 4. File Name and Extension - It is the particular page or
document that you are seeking.
2. Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and - .htm, is an extension to the file name, and this
extension informs the browser that the file is an HTML
file. Spiders - that crawl through the world wide web,
following links from one web page to another and
Elements of a Browser indexing the words on that site.
- Also called crawlers, bots, agents

Social Networking Sites - a website where users add


content and interact in an online community, posting
messages and photos, exploring shared interests, and
making new friends.
- examples: MySpace, Facebook, Linkedln
- SNS sites are part of Web 2.0, which Netlingo
describes as the second-generation Web or collaborative
web. It emerged in 2005.

http//netlingo.com is a great source for internet terms.

Micro Blogging Tools - let you post short chunks of


content, using preformatted templates
- examples: Twitter, Tumblr
- Tumblr gives you a way to share content, collect
great quotes, show off pictures, report progress,
collborate with others, and present quick thoughts
- Twitter gives you a tool to share your reactions,
document experiences, reflect, and connect with others‒
finding out what they think, comparing reactions, sharing
an experience, and capturing the moment like a
cyber/verbal snapshot
- Twitter is a social networking site and micro-
blogging service that allows users to send "updates"
(text-based posts, up to 140 characters long) via SMS,
instant messaging, the Twitter website, or an application
INTERACTIVITY such as Twitterrific. It was founded in October 2006 by
- By using your mouse to click on the hyperlinks, which San Francisco start-up company Obvious Corp.
will transfer you to another web page,
- By using your mouse to click on a radio button and then - Netlingo - an online dictionary
clicking on a submit or pressing enter.
- By typing text in a search box, a fill text box, and then
hitting the enter key or clicking on a go or continue
command, which will transfer you to another web page.

WEB PORTAL - It is a type, of gateway website that


functions as an “anchor site” and offers a broad array of
resources and services, online shopping malls, email
support, community forums, current news and weather,
travel information, games, etc.
- The best example of web portal is Yahoo!

WEB SERVER - It is a computer that is set up with


software and networking capabilities to deliver Web
pages on the internet.
CLIENT - It is a computer application, such as a web
browser, that runs on a user’s local computer or
workstation and connects to a server as necessary.
Search Engines- It is a program that enables you to ask
questions or use keywords to help locate information on
the web.
Lecture 3: Introduction to Computing
Cloud Computing - sIn the simplest terms, it means
storing and accessing data and programs over the
internet instead of your computer's hard drive. Cloud
Computing is the hardware and software services from
a provider on the internet.
- Example of computing:
- Google Drive
- Gmail
- Google Calendar
- Google Maps
- Apple iCloud
- Dropbox
- Microsoft OneDrive
- Microsoft 365/MS Teams
- Amazon
- Zoom

Green Computing - It refers to durable computing of


the environment. Green Computing reduces the use of
electricity as well as power and reduces environmental
waste when we are using a computer.

Ubiquitous computing is not a specific technology,


but a scenario in which computers become more
numerous and fade into the background, providing
information to human users and embedding
intelligence and computing capabilities in seemingly
everyday objects. collaboration - refers to the recent trend of sharing
- Social Media Revolution anything instantly.
- Over 50% of the world population is under 30
years old. Today's college students have never licked telegaming - means of playing of games by two or
a postage stamp more distant participants using telecommunications
- World Populations
- Facebook cyberspace - where you go when you go online with
- China your computer
- India
- YouTube storage – holds data before processing and
- QQ Penguin information after processing
- WhatsApp
- Instagram microcontroller – smallest computer type
- LinkedIn
- Twitter network - communication system connecting two or
- USA more computers
- 53% of millennials would rather lose their sense of
smell than their technology virtual - means that something is created, simulated,
- Social Media = Relationships or carried on by means of computer
- The ROI of social media is your business will still
exist in 5 years peripheral device - any component that expands a
- 93% of buying decisions are influenced by social computer's input, storage, and output capabilities
media
- What happens on Vegas stays on YouTube system software - helps the computer perform
- By 2018, video will account 2/3 of mobile usage essential operating task and enables the application
- Shrinking attention spans: goldfish is 8 seconds, software to run
humans is 7 seconds
- More people own mobile device than toothbrush 1 billion - one gigabyte is approximately _________
- 1 in 3 marriages starts online characters
- The fastest growing demographic on twitter is
grandparents packets - a fixed-length blocks of data for
- Every second, 2 people join LinkedIn, that's like transmission
the entire enrolment of the IVY League joining
LinkedIn everyday modem - a device that sends and receives data over
- LinkedIn age limit has been lowered to 13. telephone lines to and from computers
- Word of Mouth to World of Mouth
supercomputer - high-capacity machines with
thousands of processors
FIRST QUIZ
nanotechnology - a technology whereby molecule URL - a string of characters that points to a specific
size nanostructures are used to create tiny machines piece of information anywhere on the web
for holding data or performing tasks
hardware - consists of all the machinery and
artificial intelligence - refers to the simulation of equipment in a computer system
human intelligence in machines that are programmed
to think like humans and mimic their actions cloud computing - the storing and accessing of data
and programs over the internet instead of your
downloading - transferring of data from a remote computer's hard drive
computer to one's own computer
information - data that has been summarized or
multimedia - refers to information presented in non- manipulated for use in decision making
textual forms such as video, sound, and graphics

Smartphones - Phones that allow the user to make


voice calls and surf the Internet

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