2019582229 | MUHAMMAD FAKHRUL AZIM BIN AIZAN

2019582229 | MUHAMMAD FAKHRUL AZIM BIN AIZAN

QUESTION 3

1. Manufacturing Point:
-Monitor production flow in near real time to eliminate unnecessary work in process inventory.
Implement condition based maintenance to eliminate machine downtime and increase output.
-Implement condition based maintenance alerts to eliminate machine down-time and increase
throughput
-Aggregate product data, customer sentiment and other third party syndicated data to identify and
correct quality issues.

2. Global Facility :
-Manage equipment remotely using temperature limits and other settings to conserve energy and
reduce cost.

3. Customer End:
-Transmit operational information to partner
-Provide cross channel visibility to inventories to increase supply and reduced cost
 2019582229 | MUHAMMAD FAKHRUL AZIM BIN AIZAN

QUESTION 4

a)
A cyber-physical system (CPS) or intelligent system is a computer system that operates or
monitors a mechanism using computer-based algorithms. In cyber-physical systems, physical and
software components are tightly coupled, allowing them to operate in many spatial and temporal
dimensions, show various and distinct behavioural modalities, and interact with one another in
context-dependent ways.

Computation : sensors networks and plug & play

QUESTION 5

a)

People
Focuses on the people and the entire organisation by emphasising on strategies towards
having a suitable set of workforce. This can be achieved through the development of the
required human capital and sustainable transformation activities with regards to
organisational strategies, collaboration and governance.

Process
Focuses on the management system involved in running business operations, supply chain
and product lifecycle, by emphasising on smart and strategic public-provate partnerships,
security, sustainability and product co-creation.

Technology
Focuses on the application of intelligent, connected and automated technologies, measured at
three different layers of the business: shop floor, facilities and enterprise.
 2019582229 | MUHAMMAD FAKHRUL AZIM BIN AIZAN

b)
Artificial Intelligence (AI),
Since light may not be required for robots to function, workplaces without human workers are
known as dark factories. Only a few experimental 100% dark factories are currently operational,
as this is a relatively new concept. Dark factories, on the other hand, will grow in number when
AI and other automation technologies are implemented since they have the ability to save money,
eliminate workplace accidents, and enhance production capacity.

Safety
Manufacturing is one of the most dangerous industries to work in, with over 3,000 serious injuries
and nine fatalities per year. The use of robots in high-risk tasks can assist firms in reducing
unintended mishaps.

Cost Reduction
AI technologies can reduce operation costs of manufacturers due to several applications:
Organizations may improve their analytical capabilities by leveraging AI technology, allowing
them to use their resources more efficiently, generate better projections, and lower inventory
costs. Companies may also transition to predictive maintenance thanks to improved analytics
capabilities, which eliminates downtime and lowers maintenance expenses. This is self-evident,
yet producers do not have to pay robots monthly salary. Robots, on the other hand, demand
CAPEX, which must be evaluated against the ongoing cost of manpower.

Faster decision making

Sensors:
Reduce downtime while increasing production and efficiency.
IIoT remote sensors are expected to be the main drivers of change. The availability of remote
sensors that can gather and send data on how older equipment are utilised is pushing data-driven
decision making ahead. Remote sensors enable facilities to benefit from sensor technology
without needing to purchase new equipment.
You may now buy linked, smart manufacturing equipment with sensors integrated in. Most
facilities, on the other hand, cannot afford to modernise unless it is really required. Most facilities
instead rely on retrofits and stand-alone sensors that may be linked to existing machinery.

Equipment that has been upgraded. Sensors are embedded into smart manufacturing equipment.
On the other hand, most institutions cannot afford to update to new equipment unless it is really
required. The majority of businesses employ retrofits and standalone sensors that can be
connected with current gear.
The example of vibration us temperature, pressure and vibration.

Robotics:
Material transport, processing operations and aseembly.
Material handling applications include material transport and machine loading and
unloading. In material-transfer applications, the robot must transport materials or work
components from one region to another.
A flexible manufacturing system (FMS) is a form of flexible automation in which a material-
handling system connects many machine tools and a central computer oversees the whole process.
An FMS varies from an automated manufacturing line in that it can simultaneously process
various product styles.
In computer process control, a digital computer is utilised to direct the activities of a
manufacturing process. Computer process control is most usually associated with continuous or
semicontinuous manufacturing processes involving chemicals, petroleum, foods, and some basic
metals, despite the fact that computers are employed to operate other automated systems.