ROTC MIDTERM REVIEWER capacity to conquer fear in doing

one's objective. Courage is beyond

CORE VALUES
bravery like going after a mission
 LOVE OF THE COUNTRY despite seemingly insurmountable
 VALOR opposition. It is ascertaining yet not
 HONOR self-destructive. With valor you make
 LOYALTY the wisest decision.
 DUTY
In shaping the Filipino soldier’s
 SOLIDARITY
identity, even beyond valor, one
LOVE OF THE COUNTRY could also see the strong sense of
honor that resonated with the call to
It is the dominant nature of an
arms in the past.
Army soldier to love his country. It is
for the nation that a soldier  Your valor will allow you to do
unquestionably commits to a life of the following:
service, the highest value that the  Control your fear in physical
Filipino soldier acquires. It is not and moral context.
measured by cash, rank nor  Take responsibility for your
belonging. The vitality drives the actions, mistakes and
soldier as the protector of national decisions.
power. He remains by his vow of  Confront problems and do
service with a strong heart, realizing what you believe is right.
that regardless if he is eventually left  Report successes and failure
standing alone or dying in the war with equal candor
zone, he rests content with the
HONOR
thought that his purpose of existence
has been satisfied. It is this love for Honor is the Military crowning
country that infests each reference of value, the hallmark of military
valor for deserving soldiers, valor that conduct, the nature of the soldier's
further elevates the spirit of the awareness of individual dignity and
country. self-worth. The soldier conveys his
honor in meeting the military basic
VALOR
from prelude and crusade to the
Valor streams normally from consequence. Regardless of the field,
one's affection for the nation. It is the honor is regarded in one's self as in
the other. In outward appearance, expressed in every member's
honor is found in cleanliness of the adherence to the military value
individual, courteousness, decency in system as clarified, much as he will
daily living and reasonability in the undoubtedly take after the guideline
utilization of individual or country of law and principles and standards
resources. It appears in the candor, of the nation.
straightforwardness in speech and in
An individual soldier of loyalty
action.
displays the following:
An individual soldier with honor does
 Put obligations in correct
the following:
order:
 Develop and maintain a keen  the Constitution, the Philippine
sense of ethical conduct. Army, the unit and finally, self.
 Adhere to the public code of  Show faithfulness to unit and
professional Philippine Army comrades by finishing all tasks
values. with them.
 Identity with the ideals  Carry out tough orders without
embodied in the Philippine expressing personal criticism.
Army values.  Defend soldiers against unfair
treatment.
LOYALTY
DUTY
Loyalty underlies the soldier's
Oath of Service. It demands Duty is service plain and
obedience to the lawful privileges of simple. Actual duty means being
duly constituted authority in the always ready, all senses employed
quest for the nation's interest, and utilized whether in the garrison
observance of the Chain of Command or in the field. Duty means satisfying
and compliance with orders to the your commitment. The demanding
best of one's capacity as all orders standard of duty additionally requires
must be complied. Loyalty while itself that those in charge positions release
a cause, procures the harvest of their obligations without bounds.
military solidarity. It foster cohesion,
Expressing the value of duty means,
true sympathy toward the welfare of
at a minimum, doing the following:
every individual from the Army and
those they work with, and is best
  Carrying out the requirements much as to the success of
of the position to the best of military operations and
your ability. demands unconditional
 Fulfill legal, civic and moral compliance as its foremost
obligations. aspect. It can preserve your life
 Sacrifice personal time in thus it is enforced by those in
pursuit of excellence authority and must be followed
without reservation.
SOLIDARITY
Pursuit of excellence
Solidarity is fellowship at the
visible level and internally being - Each soldier strives to perfect
adjusted to the Philippine Army's his craft to achieve his mission.
goals, vision and programs for He should have full knowledge
reform. Solidarity ties the Army to of his job, has proficiency in
oneness with the yearnings of the training and in combat, in
rest of the country in the way of a peace keeping and in the
Filipino proud with his nation. implementation of national
policies for development.
APPLICATION
Pride in uniform
The primary responsibility
regarding ingraining and - The military uniform reflects
strengthening the values and not only the personality of the
standards of conduct is vested in the individual soldier but also that
military leadership. Officers and NCOs of the whole organization. It is
in command and control positions the responsibility of the soldier
should commit these values to to take extra care and use of
memory and be in a position to clarify his uniform and insignias he
the same when inquired. carries on them, for it is in this
simple ritual that the soldier is
STANDARDS OF CONDUCT OF A
set apart from the rest.
SOLDIER
Discipline
DISCIPLINE
- A soldier is a model of self-
- A soldier is a model of self-
discipline. Discipline is equally
discipline. Discipline is equally
vital to preservations of life as
vital to preservation of life as
 much as to the success of Deference to authority
military operations and
- Authority within the military is
demands unconditional
evident in the chain of
compliance as its foremost
command, starting with non-
aspect. It can preserve your life
commissioned officer in the
thus it is enforced by those in
most vital role as implementer
authority and must be followed
and the succession of
without reservation.
commanding officer before him
Professionalism through which the commands
are progressively issued and
- Professionalism in the military
implemented. Deference to
career stands for commitment,
civil authority is likewise
knowledge and skills and is
required as a function of
better expressed in one’s
soldier’s responsibility.
attention to duty with the
required discipline and RULE OF LAW
competence. It gives rise to
Law - in its broadest definition refers
impartiality, objectivity and
to the system of rules established by
non- partisanship that are
the government that must be
necessary to support common
followed by all citizens. The law
goals for the welfare of the
regulates the relationship between
population.
the state and its citizens, as well as
Adherence to law interpersonal relationships as well as
inter-state relations.
- All soldiers are both citizens
and military personnel, hence The law establishes the rights and
are subject to the same law obligations of the people who are
and shall uphold the same as governed by it, as well as the duties
part of their duty of service to of the State and the Government to
the country. In case of conflict, the people. (Source: Philippines
the higher military standard of Constitution)
conduct required under the
The Rule of Law means that the basis
same set of circumstances in
for the governance by the State over
either system is always
its constituents is the law applied
paramount.
equally to all. This means that there
should be no deviation from what the without due process of law, nor shall
law imposes. In its most basic form, is any person be denied the equal
the principle that no one is above the protection of the laws.
law.
SECTION 2. The right of the people to
SECTION 14. be secure in their persons, houses,
papers, and effects against
(1) No person shall be held to answer
unreasonable searches and seizures
for a criminal offense without due
of whatever nature and for any
process of law.
purpose shall be inviolable, and no
(2) In all criminal prosecutions, the search warrant or warrant of arrest
accused shall be presumed innocent shall issue except upon probable
until the contrary is proved, and shall cause to be determined personally by
enjoy the right to be heard by himself the judge after examination under
and counsel, to be informed of the oath or affirmation of the
nature and cause of the accusation complainant and the witnesses he
against him, to have a speedy, may produce, and particularly
impartial, and public trial, to meet describing the place to be searched
the witnesses face to face, and to and the persons or things to be
have compulsory process to secure seized.
the attendance of witnesses and the
SECTION 4. No law shall be passed
production of evidence in his behalf.
abridging the freedom of speech, of
However, after arraignment, trial may
expression, or of the press, or the
proceed notwithstanding the absence
right of the people peaceably to
of the accused provided that he has
assemble and petition the
been duly notified and his failure to
government for redress of
appear is unjustifiable
grievances.
SECTION 17. No person shall be
Human rights entail both rights and
compelled to be a witness against
obligations. States assume
himself.
obligations and duties under
1987 Philippines Constitution international law to respect, to
Article 3 Bill of Rights protect and to fulfil human rights. At
the individual level, while we are
SECTION 1. No person shall be entitled to our human rights, we
deprived of life, liberty, or property
should also respect the human rights protect the civilian population,
of others. individual civilians and civilian
property; (2) cause injury or
What is international humanitarian
unnecessary suffering; (3) cause
law?
severe or long-term damage to the
International humanitarian law is a environment.
set of rules which seek, for
Writ of Habeas Corpus
humanitarian reasons, to limit the
effects of armed conflict. It protects A writ of habeas corpus extends to
persons who are not or are no longer all cases of illegal confinement or
participating in the hostilities and detention in which any person is
restricts the means and methods of deprived of his liberty, or in which
warfare. International humanitarian the rightful custody of any person is
law is also known as the law of war or withheld from the person entitled to
the law of armed conflict. (Source: it. The singular function of a petition
Geneva Conventions of 1949). for habeas corpus is to protect and
secure the basic freedom of physical
When does international
liberty. (Sangca v. The City Prosecutor
humanitarian law apply?
of Cebu, June 28, 2007).
Applies only to armed conflict; it does
Source: Rules of Court and 1987
not cover internal tensions or
Constitution
disturbances such as isolated acts of
violence. The law applies only once a SECTION 15. The privilege of the writ
conflict has begun, and then equally of habeas corpus shall not be
to all sides regardless of who started suspended except in cases of invasion
the fighting. or rebellion when the public safety
requires it.
What restrictions are there on
weapons and tactics?
International humanitarian law CODE OF CITIZENSHIP
prohibits all means and methods of
1. HAVE FAITH IN DIVINE
warfare which: (1) fail to discriminate
PROVIDENCE
between those taking part in the
2. LOVE YOUR COUNTRY
fighting and those, such as civilians,
3. RESPECT THE CONSTITUTION
who are not, the purpose being to
4. PAY YOUR TAXES
5. SAFEGUARD THE PURITY OF - We should always respect the
SUFFRAGE national flag by saluting
6. LOVE AND RESPECT YOUR
NATIONAL FLAG
PARENTS
7. VALUE YOUR HONOR - When aboard a vehicle and flag
8. BE TRUTHFUL AND HONEST IN ceremony begins, halt,
THOUGHT AND ACTION dismount and face the
9. LEAD A CLEAN AND FRUGAL Philippine flag and salute. It is
LIFE impractical to dismount or
10. LIVE UP TO THE NOBLE when ceremony is almost over
TRADITION OF OUR PEOPLE you may just halt and sit erect.
11. BE INDUSTRIOUS - We should always respect the
12. RELY ON YOUR OWN EFFORTS National Flag by saluting it
13. DO YOUR WORK CHEERFULLY whenever it passes during
THOROUGHLY AND WELL parade and other ceremonies
14. CONTRIBUTE TO THE WELFARE where it is raised or lowered.
OF YOUR COMMUNITY - When the Philippine flag is
15. CULTIVATE THE HABIT OF tattered or worn down do not
USING GOODS MADE IN THE display it anymore. Replace
PHILIPPINES them immediately. Note: The
16. USE AND DEVELOP OUR best way to dispose a tattered
NATIONAL RESOURCES flag is to bury it.
MILITARY SENIORITY
MILITARY CUSTOMS
NATIONAL COLORS AND ANTHEMS - Officers by virtue of their being
commissioned are seniors to
- The Philippine flag and the enlisted personnel. In the same
national anthem symbolizes all manner, high-ranking non-
democratic ideals that our commissioned officers to low
country stand for and serve to ranking NCOs. Hence, Officers
remind us of the sacrifices of and NCOs have accorded forms
our heroes in gaining our of respect befitting their ranks
independence from foreign and positions in the military
rule. organization.
Ranks has its privilege (RHIP)- by Points to remember when
military traditions, officers and senior addressing and dealing with a
NCOs enjoy some RHIPs senior CO.
RANK HAS ITS OWN PRIVILEGE a) In the Philippine army and
Philippine Air force,
- Pointers to remember when
Technical Sergeants are
addressing or dealing with an
addressed AS “tech”, Chief
officer:
senior or in Master sergeant
a) Salute- render salute in a
as “master”. If uncertain
dignified manner
with the rank, politely
b) Word of address- always
address them as “sarge”
use the word “sir”,
b) Private first class and
“ma’am”, “Po” or “Opo”
privates may normally be
c) Position of honor- when
addressed as “private”; to
walking, sitting or riding
some, it is more flattering to
a vehicle with a officer or
be called “warrior”,
any senior, always walk
“trooper” for members of
or sit on his left side.
the special forces, “ranger”
d) Commander’s wish-
for scout rangers, “Noy” or
when a commander says
“iho” may be addressed by
“I desire…” or “I wish”,
an officer to junior enlisted
this expression should be
personnel.
taken and carried out
c) First names may be
with all authority and
addressed to juniors or
force of direct order.
contemporaries only and
NCOs Ranks and Position never to seniors.
- NCOs attain their ranks and d) Generally accepted way of
position by virtue of their making up informal military
competence and qualifications nicknames is to use the first
Thus, to be promoted and be two syllables of the soldier’s
designated as head NCOs or name such as “tintoy” or
Chief of a unit is always “toinks” for Tolentino.
considered as an achievement.
FUNERALS AND RELIGIOUS SERVICE DUTY- an act of responsibility and
self-sacrifices a soldier who has
1. Taps-“funeral bugle call”.
dedicated his life to public service.
During this solemn ceremony,
all military personnel present LOYALTY- an act of willing obedience
come to attention and salute. to the governing laws of the country
After the shots, the “taps” is the constitution, and lawful
sounded. The National flag superiors.
draped over the casket is
SOLIDARITY- an act of unity and team
slowly removed and neatly
work shown by every member of the
folded by the most senior
AFP which serves as an ally in the
officer or NCO and given to
accomplishment of the mission.
immediate family member of
the deceased. IED AWARENESS

2. Funeral visitation- the

commanding officer send his
personal letter of condolence
to the bereaved family of his
FOLLOWERSHIP
men. Military vigil guards shall
be posted beside the casket “LEARN TO OBEY BEFORE YOU
and standardized Philippine COMMAND”
Flag shall be draped over it.
ROBERT KELLEY – PROVIDES AN
MILITARY TRADITIONS EXCELLENT FRAMEWORK WITH “IN
PRAISE OF FOLLOWERS” (CHAPTER
VALOR – An act of a marked degree
12)
of courage and bravery in the
presence of danger or in the face of POTTER, ROSENBACH, AND
the enemy. PITTMAN – PRESENT THEIR
CONCEPTUAL MODEL OF
HONOR-An act of respect gained by
FOLLOWERSHIP IN “LEADING THE
men and women of the AFP from the
NEW PROFESSIONAL (CHAPTER 13)
civilian populace through good deeds
and good examples. COL. PHILLIP MEDINGER – “THE TEN
RULES OF GOODFOLLOWERSHIP”
(CHAPTER 13), PRESENTS A SET OF
TECHNIQUES AND IDEAS THAT ARE 3. COMMITMENT – EFFECTIVE
VERY POWERFUL FOLLOWERS ARE COMMITTED TO
SOMETHING A CAUSE, A PRODUCT,
WARREN BENNIS – “FOLLOWERS
AN ORGANIZATION, AN IDEA IN
MAKE GOOD LEADERS GOOD”
ADDITION TO THE CARE OF THEIR
QUALITITES OF FOLLOWER OWN LIVES AND CAREER
1. EFFECTIVE FOLLOWERS SHARE A 4. COMPETENCE AND FOCUS – ON
NUMBER OF ESSENTIAL QUALITIES: THE GROUNDS THAT COMMITTED
A. THEY MANAGE THEMSELVES INCOMPETENCE IS STILL
WELL INCOMPETENCE, EFFECTIVE
FOLLOWERS MASTE SKILL THAT WILL
B. THEY ARE COMMITTED TO THE BE USEFUL TO THEIR ORGANIZATION
ORGANIZATION AND TO A PURPOSE;
PRINCIPLE, OR PERSON OUTSIDE 5. COURAGE – EFFECTIVE
THEMSELVES FOLLOWERS ARE CREDIBLE, HONEST.
AND COURAGEOUS, THEY
C. THEY BUILD THEIR ESTABLISHED THEMSELVES AS
COMPETENCE AND FOCUS THEIR INDIPENDENT, CRITICAL THINKERS
EFFORTS FOR MAXIMUM IMPACT WHOSE KNOWLEDGE AND
D. THEY ARE COURAGEOUS, JUDGMENT CAN BE TRUSTED
HONEST, AND CREDIBLE CULTIVATING EFFECTIVE FOLLOWERS
2. SELF-MANAGEMENT – REDEFINING FOLLOWERSHIP AND
PARADOXICALLY, THE KEY TO BEING LEADERSHIP – OUR STEREOTYPED
AN EFFECTIVE FOLLOWER IS THE BUT UNARTICULATED DEFINITIONS
ABILITY TO THINK FOR ONESELF TO OF LEADERSHIP AND FOLLOWERSHIP
EXERCISE CONTROL AND SHAPE OUR EXPECTATIONS WHEN
INDEPENDECE AND TO WORK WE OCCUPY EITHER POSITION. IF A
WITHOUT CLOSE SUPERVISION. LEADER IS DEFINED AS RESPONSIBLE
GOOD FOLLOWERS ARE PEOP;E TO FOR MOTIVATING FOLLOWERS, HE
WHOM A LEADER CAN SAFELY OR SHE WILL LIKELY ACT TOWARD
DELEGATE RESPONSIBILITY, PEOPLE FOLLOWERS, AS IF THEY NEEDED
WHO ANTICIPATE NEEDS AT THEIR MOTIVATION
OWN LEVEL OF COMPETENCE AND
AUTHORITY HONING FOLLOWERSHIP SKILL –
MOST ORGANIZATION ASSUME THAT
LEADERSHIP HAS TO BE TAUGHT BUT EVALUATION INCLUDE A SECTION ON
THAT EVERYONE KNOWS HOW TO LEADERSHIP SKILLS.
FOLLOW
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURES
1. LEADERS ARE MORE THAT ENCOURAGE FOLLOWERSHIP –
IMPORTANT THAN FOLLOWERS UNLESS THE VALUE OF GOOD
FOLLOWING IS SOMEHOW BUILT
2. FOLLOWING IS SIMPLY DOING
INTO THE FABRIC OF THE
WHAT ARE YOU ARE TOLD TO DO
ORGANIZATION. IT IS LIKELY TO
3. FOLLOWERS INEVITABLY DRAW REMAIN A PLEASANT CONCEIT TO
THEIR ENERGY AND AIMS, EVEN WHICH EVERYONE PAYS OCCATIONAL
THEIR TALENT, FROM THE LEADER LIP SERVICE BUT NO DUES
- IMPROVING INDEPENDENT, TEN RULES OF GOOD FOLLOWERSHIP
CRITICAL THINKING
1. DO NOT BLAME THE BOSS
- SELF-MANAGEMENT
2. DO NOT FIGHT THE BOSS
- DISAGREEING AGREABLY
3. USE INITIATIVE
- BUILDING CREDIBIITY
4. ACCEPT RESPONSIBILITY
- ALIGNING PERSONAL AND
5. TELL THE TRUTH AND DO NOT
ORGRANIZATIONAL GOALS AND
QUIBBLE
COMMITMENTS
6. DO YOUR HOMEWORK
- ACTING RESPONSIBLY TOWARD THE
ORGANIZATION, LEADER, 7. SUGGEST IMPLEMENTATION
COWORKERS, AND ONESELF
8. KEEP THE BOSS INFORMED
- SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES
9. FIX THE PROBLEM AS THEY
BETWEEN LEADERSHIP AND
OCCUR
FOLLOWERSHIP ROLES
10. PUT IN AN HONEST`S DAY
- MOVING BETWEEN THE TWO ROLES
WORK
WITH EASE
WHAT DO PEOPLE ADMIRE IN
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND
LEADERS?
FEEDBACK – MOST PERFOMANCE
• HONESTY IN LEADERS
• COMPETENCY RANKS HIGH -Supremacy of Law
• A FORWARD-LOOKING VISION * NO MAN IS ABOVE LAW
ACCORDING TO PROF. DICCY?
• THE INSPIRATIONAL QUOTIENT
- Equality before Law
 ACTION SPEAK LOUDER THAN
WORDS * THE GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF THE
CONSTITUTION ARE THE RESULT OF
• KNOW YOUR CONSTITUENTS
JURIDICAL DECISIONS DETERMINING
• STAND UP FOR YOUR BELIEFS FILE RIGHTS OF PRIVATE PERSONS IN
• SPEAK WITH PASSION PARTICULAR CASES BROUGHT
BEFORE THE COURT.
• LEAD BY EXAMPLE
-Predominance of Legal Spirit
• CONQUER YOURSELF
INTRODUCTION TO INFANTRY
OPERATIONS

WHAT YEAR THE LAW OF

CONSTITUTION PUBLISHED IN? -1885
* WHO SAID THAT THERE ARE THREE
(3) RULES OF LAW ITS HAS THREE
MEANING? -Prof. A.C. Dicey
* NO MAN IS PUNISHABLE OR CAN
LAWFULLY BE MADE TO SUFFER IN
BODY OR GOODS EXCEPT FOR
DISTINCT BREACH OF LAW.