Scribd
Upload
40 views

Graphs of Other Trigonometric Functions

Uploaded by

williamcoym
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
40 views

Graphs of Other Trigonometric Functions

Uploaded by

williamcoym
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 16

4.

6 GRAPHS OF OTHER TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

Objective: Sketch the graphs of tangent, cotangent,


secant and cosecant functions.

Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.


Graph of the Tangent Function
The graph of y = tan x has vertical asymptotes at x = /2
and x = /2,.
Graph of the Tangent Function
The period of the tangent function is , vertical asymptotes
also occur when x = /2 + n , where n is an integer.

The domain of the tangent function is the set of all real


numbers other than x = /2 + n , and the range is the set of
all real numbers.

Sketching the graph of y = a tan(bx c) is similar to


sketching the graph of y = a sin(bx c) in that you locate
key points that identify the intercepts and asymptotes.
Graph of the Tangent Function
Two consecutive vertical asymptotes can be found by
solving the equations

bx c= and bx c=

The midpoint between two consecutive vertical asymptotes


is an x-intercept of the graph.

The period of the function y = a tan(bx c) is the distance


between two consecutive vertical asymptotes.
The amplitude of a tangent function is not defined.
Graph of the Tangent Function
! !
1.Two
Solve the two equations
consecutive !" − $ = −
vertical asymptotes can and !" − $by= to find
be found
" "
solving the equations
two consecutive vertical asymptotes.
2. Find the midpoint between the asymptotes and graph the
x-intercept.
bx c = and bx c =
3. Find a point on either side of the x-intercept and plot.
4.The
Add and subtract
midpoint between thetwo
period (the distance
consecutive verticalbetween the
asymptotes
isasymptotes)
an x-intercepttooffind
the the next two asymptotes and sketch
graph.
another cycle on either side.
The period of the function y = a tan(bx c) is the distance
between two consecutive vertical asymptotes.
Graph of the Tangent Function
Example: Sketch the
Two consecutive of & = −3 tan
graphasymptotes
vertical can2"
be found by
solving the equations 2x
I Zx
E I
bx c= and bx c=

F1
The midpoint between two consecutive vertical asymptotes
is an x-intercept of the graph.
stance
13
The period of the function y = a3 tan(bx c) is the distance
between two consecutive vertical asymptotes.
Graph of the Cotangent Function
The graph of the cotangent function is shown in
Figure 4.62. Note that two consecutive vertical asymptotes
of the graph of y = a cot(bx c) can be found by solving the
equations bx c = 0 and bx c = .
Graph of the Cotangent Function
Follow the same
The graph of thesteps as graphing
cotangent function aistangent
shown infunction except
solve the 4.62.
Figure two equations !" consecutive
Note that two − $ = 0 andvertical
!" − $asymptotes
= - to find two
consecutive vertical
of the graph of y = aasymptotes.
cot(bx c) can be found by solving the
0 Eequations
r bx c = 0 and bx c = .

iii
0 3513M9 I3rd

notE cot
Graph of the Cotangent Function I

#
The graph
Example: of thethe
Sketch cotangent & = 2iscot
function
graph of shown in
$
Figure 4.62. Note that two consecutive vertical asymptotes
of the graph of y = a cot(bx c) can be found by solving the
equations bx c = 0 and bx c = .
Graphs of the Reciprocal Functions
The graphs of the two remaining trigonometric functions
can be obtained from the graphs of the sine and cosine
functions using the reciprocal identities

csc x = and sec x =

For instance, at a given value of x, the y-coordinate of


sec x is the reciprocal of the y-coordinate of cos x.

Of course, when cos x = 0, the reciprocal does not exist.


Near such values of x, the behavior of the secant function
is similar to that of the tangent function.
Graphs of the Reciprocal Functions
In other words, the graphs of

tan x = and sec x =

have vertical asymptotes at x = /2 + n , where n is an


integer, and the cosine is zero at these x-values. Similarly,

cot x = and csc x =

have vertical asymptotes where sin x = 0 that is, at x = n .


Graphs of the Reciprocal Functions
To sketch the graph of a secant or cosecant function, you
should first make a sketch of its reciprocal function.

For instance, to sketch the graph of y = csc x, first sketch


the graph of y = sin x.

Then take reciprocals of the y-coordinates to obtain points


on the graph of y = csc x.
Graphs of the Reciprocal Functions
Tocomparing
In sketch thethe graph of aofsecant
graphs or cosecant
the cosecant function,
and secant you
functions
should
with firstofmake
those a sketch
the sine of its reciprocal
and cosine function.
functions, note that the
“hills” and “valleys” are interchanged.
For instance, to sketch the graph of y = csc x, first sketch
Additionally,
the graph ofx-intercepts
y = sin x. of the sine and cosine functions
become vertical asymptotes of the cosecant and secant
functions,
Then takerespectively.
reciprocals of the y-coordinates to obtain points
on the graph of y = csc x.
Graphs of the Reciprocal Functions
This procedure is used to obtain the graphs shown in
Figure 4.64.

Figure 4.64
Graphs of the Reciprocal Functions
!
Example:
To sketchSketch the of
the graph graph of & or
a secant =2 csc " +function, you
cosecant %
should first make a sketch of its reciprocal function.
2sin x Ey
i 1
N x,2A
For instance, to sketch the graph ofamp Perra
y =z csc first sketch
I of y =I sin x.
the graph x o X E 2h
end Each

ÉÉ
I E Increments

f reciprocals of the y-coordinates


Then take Mi points
Int Max toIntobtain Int
I
on the graph ofIy = csc x. GE O LF2 4,0 CE D CE o
I

I in
1 I 1

at
Asymptotes are
intercepts
Graphs of the Reciprocal Functions
Example:
To sketchSketch the of
the graph graph of & or
a secant = sec 2"
cosecant function, you
cosZx
should first make a sketch of itsy reciprocal
Period A
function.
Ampa
Max Int Min Int Max

V
For instance, to sketch the graph of y = csc x, first sketch
CoD CE d CE D CE0 G D
the graph of y = sin x.

N
Then take reciprocals of the y-coordinates to obtain points
on the graph of y = csc x.

You might also like