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Chapter - 5 Separation of Substances: Portal For CBSE Notes, Test Papers, Sample Papers, Tips and Tricks

The document discusses various methods of separating substances from mixtures, including: (1) Sieving and winnowing to separate solids like removing husk from grains. (2) Sedimentation and decantation to separate insoluble solids from liquids by allowing the solids to settle. (3) Filtration to separate liquids from solids by passing the mixture through a filter to collect the filtrate. (4) Centrifugation and churning to separate immiscible liquids like cream from milk.

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27 views2 pages

Chapter - 5 Separation of Substances: Portal For CBSE Notes, Test Papers, Sample Papers, Tips and Tricks

The document discusses various methods of separating substances from mixtures, including: (1) Sieving and winnowing to separate solids like removing husk from grains. (2) Sedimentation and decantation to separate insoluble solids from liquids by allowing the solids to settle. (3) Filtration to separate liquids from solids by passing the mixture through a filter to collect the filtrate. (4) Centrifugation and churning to separate immiscible liquids like cream from milk.

Uploaded by

Aahana Charan
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© © All Rights Reserved
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CHAPTER – 5
SEPARATION OF SUBSTANCES

• Handpicking, winnowing, sieving, sedimentation, decantation and filtration are some of


the methods of separating substances from their mixtures.
• Methods of separation:
(i) Separation of solid from other solids:
(a) Threshing: Process by which the grains are released from the chaff.
(b) Winnowing: The process of separation of heavier and lighter components of a
mixture by wind or blowing air.
(c) Hand-picking: The process by which undesirable components are just picked
up by hand.
(d) Sieving: The process by which separate solid constituents of a mixture which
differ in their sizes.
(e) Magnetic separation: Process by which magnet is moved over such a mixture,
the magnetic material sticks to it and is removed.
(ii) Separation of water soluble solids:
(a) Evaporation: Process by which the conversion of liquid state into gaseous
state on heating.
(b) Condensation: Process by which conversion of gaseous state into liquid state
on cooling.
(iii) Separation of insoluble solids from Liquids:
(a) Sedimentation: It allows heavier matter to settle down. Example: sand, water.
(b) Decantation: The methods of separating insoluble solids from liquids.
(c) Loading: The methods by which finer particles are made to settle faster by
dissolving a small quantity of alum.
(d) Filtration: The liquid that collects in the beaker is called filtrate.
(iv) Separation of Immiscible Liquids:
(a) Funnel: The method of separting mixture of oil and water.

Portal for CBSE Notes, Test Papers, Sample Papers, Tips and Tricks

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(b) Centrifugation: The method in which mixture containing suspended particles


is rotated at a high speed in a centrifuge and heavier particles settle down. It is
used for separating cream from milk.
(c) Churning: The method which is used for separating lighter particles of solid
suspended in a liquid. Example: butter from curd.
• Husk and stones could be separated from grains by handpicking.
• Husk is separated from heavier seeds of grain by winnowing.
• A saturated solution is one in which no more of that substance can be dissolved.
• More of a substance can be dissolved in a solution by heating it.
• Water dissolves different amount of soluble substances in it.

Portal for CBSE Notes, Test Papers, Sample Papers, Tips and Tricks

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