Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION
SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE MUNTINLUPA CITY
MUNTINLUPA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
NBP RESERVATION, POBLACION, MUNTINLUPA CITY
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
DepEd Learning Activity Sheets (LAS)

Name of Learner: _____________________________

Grade Level: Eleven_______________________________
Section: _____________________________________
Date: ________________________________________

PRE – CALCULUS
NOTES #1: CIRCLE

Background Information for Learners/ Panimula (Susing Konsepto)

In our previous study of mathematics, we learned the concept of circle. A great Greek geometer Apollonius of
Pegra studied the curves formed by the intersection of a plane and a double right circular cone, and discovered
many properties of these curves. These curves were later known as conic sections because they were formed from
the double right circular cone. The cone was thought of as having two parts that extended infinitely in both
directions. A line lying entirely on the cone is referred to as a generator of the cone. All generators of a cone pass
through the intersection of the two parts called the vertex.

Conic Section (Conic) is a curve

obtained as the intersection of the
surface of a cone with a plane.

According to Apollonius’ study conic section (or simply conic) it is a curve formed by the intersection of a
plane and a double right circular cone.
There are three types of conics, depending on the number of generators that are parallel to the cutting plane.
1. If the cutting plane is parallel to one and only one generator, the curve is a parabola.
2. If the cutting plane is not parallel to any generator, the curve is ellipse. If the cutting plane is not parallel to any
generator but is perpendicular to the axis, the ellipse becomes circle.
3. If the cutting plane is parallel to two generators, the curve is a hyperbola.
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What is degenerate conics?

Degenerate conics are a point, line, or pair of lines that arise as limiting forms of a conic.
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Circles
Definition of CIRCLE How to form a circle?

A circle is a set of all coplanar points such that A circle can be formed by slicing a right circular
the distance from a fixed point is constant. The fixed point cone with a plane traveling parallel to the base of the
is called the center of the circle and the constant distance cone.
from the center is called the radius of the circle.

What is the standard and general form of equation of a circle?

The standard form of equation of a circle

whose center is at the origin with radius r. 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝒓 𝟐
To derive the equation of a circle whose center C is at the point (0,0) and with radius r, let P(x,y) be one of the
points on the circle.
The distance from C(0,0) to P(x,y) is equal to the radius r.
√(𝑥 − 0)2 + (𝑦 − 0)2 = 𝑟
by squaring both sides,
𝒙 𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝒓 𝟐

The standard form of equation of a circle

whose center is at the point (h,k) and with (𝒙 − 𝒉)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝒌)𝟐 = 𝒓𝟐
radius r.

To derive the equation of a circle whose center C is at the point (h,k) and with radius r, let P(x,y) be one of the
points on the circle.
The distance from C(h,k) to P(x,y) is equal to the radius r.
√(𝑥 − ℎ)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑘)2 = 𝑟
by squaring both sides,
(𝒙 − 𝒉)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝒌)𝟐 = 𝒓𝟐

NOTE:
The standard form of equation of a circle (𝒙 − 𝒉)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝒌)𝟐 = 𝒓𝟐
can be presented in another form.
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The standard form of equation of a circle (𝒙 − 𝒉)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝒌)𝟐 = 𝒓𝟐 can be presented in another from.
By squaring the Binomials.
(𝑥 − ℎ)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑘)2 = 𝑟 2

𝑥 2 − 2ℎ𝑥 + ℎ2 + 𝑦 2 − 2𝑘𝑦 + 𝑘 2 = 𝑟 2

𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 2ℎ𝑥 − 2𝑘𝑦 + ℎ2 + 𝑘 2 = 𝑟 2

𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 2ℎ𝑥 − 2𝑘𝑦 + ℎ2 + 𝑘 2 − 𝑟 2 = 0

𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + (−2ℎ)𝑥 + (−2𝑘)𝑦 + (ℎ2 + 𝑘 2 − 𝑟 2 ) = 0

This equation is of the form 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝑫𝒙 + 𝑬𝒚 + 𝑭 = 𝟎 ,

where 𝑫 = −𝟐𝒉, E = −𝟐𝒌, F = 𝒉𝟐 + 𝒌𝟐 − 𝒓𝟐 .

This equation is called the general form

equation of a circle. 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝑫𝒙 + 𝑬𝒚 + 𝑭 = 𝟎

(ALTERNATIVE)
Solving for r in terms of D, E, and F in
the general form: 𝑫𝟐 𝑬𝟐
If 𝟒 + 𝟒 − 𝑭 > 𝟎, then the graph of the equation is a
F = ℎ2 + 𝑘 2 − 𝑟2
circle.
𝑟2 = ℎ2 + 𝑘2 −𝐹
𝐷 𝑫𝟐 𝑬𝟐
But 𝐷 = −2ℎ implies that ℎ = − , and If 𝟒 + 𝟒 − 𝑭 = 𝟎, then the graph of the equation is a
2

E = −2𝑘 implies that point circle.

𝐸 𝐷 2 𝐸 2
𝑘 = − . Thus, 𝑟 2 = (− ) + (− ) − 𝐹 𝑫𝟐 𝑬𝟐
2 2 2 If 𝟒 + 𝟒 − 𝑭 < 𝟎, then the equation has no graph.
𝐷2 𝐸2
𝑟2 = + −𝐹
4 4

Example 1: Determine the standard form of equation of the circle given its center and radius then draw its graph.

a. center C (0,0), radius: 5

Solution:
Solution
Using the standard form of equation of a circle whose
center is at the origin with radius 5.
𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟 (0,0)
We use the equation,
𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑠: 5
𝑥 2 + 𝑦2 = 𝑟2
Substitute the given value of radius which is 5

𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 52
Therefore, the standard form of the circle is
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 25
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b. center C (-8,-5), radius: 3

Solution

Using the standard form of equation of a circle whose

center is at the point (-8,-5) and with radius 3.

We use the equation,

(𝑥 − ℎ)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑘)2 = 𝑟 2
Substitute the given value of radius which is 5 and the value of
our (h,k) which is (-8,-5).
[𝑥 − (−8)]2 + [𝑦 − (−5)]2 = 32

Therefore, the standard form of the circle is

(𝑥 + 8)2 + (𝑦 + 5)2 = 9

Example 2:

a. Write the equation of the circle in general form with center at (-1, -6) and radius 8.

Solution

The center-radius form of the equation of the circle is (𝑥 + 1)2 + (𝑦 + 6)2 = 82

By squaring the binomials,

𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 1+ 𝑦 2 + 12𝑦 + 36 = 64
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 2𝑥 + 12𝑦 + 37 − 64 = 0
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 2𝑥 + 12𝑦 − 27 = 0
There is an alternative solution makes use of substituting the coordinates of the center (h,k) and the radius r = 8.

If h = -1, k = -6 and r = 8

𝑫 = −𝟐𝒉 = -2 (-1) = 2. F = 𝒉𝟐 + 𝒌𝟐 − 𝒓𝟐 = (−𝟏)𝟐 + (−𝟔)𝟐 − 𝟖𝟐

E = −𝟐𝒌 = -2 (-6) = 12. = 1 + 36 – 64

= -27

Therefore, the equation of a circle in general form with center at (-1, -6) and radius 8 is
𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟏𝟐𝒚 − 𝟐𝟕 = 𝟎
b. Write the equation of the circle in general form with center at (2, 3) and radius 2.

Solution
The center-radius form of the equation of the circle is (𝑥 − 2)2 + (𝑦 − 3)2 = 22

By squaring the binomials,

𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 4 + 𝑦 2 − 6𝑦 + 9 = 4
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 4𝑥 − 6𝑦 + 13 − 9 = 0
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 4𝑥 − 6𝑦 + 9 = 0
Therefore, the equation of a circle in general form with center at (2, 3) and radius 2 is
𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙 − 𝟔𝒚 + 𝟗 = 𝟎
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Example 3: Determine the center and radius of each circle in general form. Then draw its graph.

a. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 4𝑥 − 2𝑦 − 4 = 0

Solution

To determine the center and radius of a circle in

general form, first, change the equation in center
radius form using the completing-the-square method
in the x terms and y terms.

𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 4𝑥 − 2𝑦 − 4 = 0

𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 4𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 4

(𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + ___) + (𝑦 2 − 2𝑦 + ___) = 4 + ___ + ___

(𝑥 − 2)2 + (𝑦 − 1)2 = 9

(𝑥 − 2)2 + (𝑦 − 1)2 = 32

The center- radius form of 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙 − 𝟐𝒚 − 𝟒 = 𝟎 suggest that the center is at (2,1) and the radius r = 3.

Example 4: Determine whether each equation represents a circle, a point circle, or has no graph.

𝐚. 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝟏𝟎𝒚 = 𝟎 b. 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟔𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 + 𝟏𝟎 = 𝟎 c. 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝟒𝒙 − 𝟔𝒚 + 𝟏𝟖 = 𝟎

Solution Solution Solution

𝑫 = −𝟔, 𝑬 = 𝟐, 𝑭 = 𝟏𝟎 𝑫 = 𝟒, 𝑬 = −𝟔, 𝑭 = 𝟏𝟖
𝑫 = 𝟎, 𝑬 = 𝟏𝟎, 𝑭 = 𝟎

𝑫𝟐 𝑬𝟐 𝟎𝟐 𝟏𝟎𝟐 𝑫𝟐 𝑬𝟐 −𝟔𝟐 𝟐𝟐 𝑫𝟐 𝑬𝟐 𝟒𝟐 −𝟔𝟐

+ −𝑭= + −𝟎 + −𝑭= + − 𝟏𝟎 + −𝑭= + − 𝟏𝟖
𝟒 𝟒 𝟒 𝟒 𝟒 𝟒 𝟒 𝟒 𝟒 𝟒 𝟒 𝟒
𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝟑𝟔 𝟒 𝟏𝟔 𝟑𝟔
=𝟎+ −𝟎 = + − 𝟏𝟎 = + − 𝟏𝟖
𝟒 𝟒 𝟒 𝟒 𝟒
= 𝟐𝟓 > 𝟎 = 𝟗 + 𝟏 − 𝟏𝟎 = 𝟒 + 𝟗 − 𝟏𝟖
=𝟎 = −𝟓 < 𝟎

THE EQUATION THE EQUATION THE EQUATION HAS NO

REPRESENTS A CIRCLE REPRESENTS A POINT GRAPH
CIRCLE
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SEATWORK #1: CIRCLE

I – Determine the standard form of equation of the circle given its center and radius. Sketch the graph.

1. 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟 = (0, 0) & 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑠 = 3 2. 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟 = (3, − 1) & 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑠 = 2

Standard form: ____________________ Standard form: _____________________

Your graph below: Your graph below:

5 3
3. 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟 = (0, −2) & 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑠 = 3 4. 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟 = ( , − ) & 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑠 = 2
2 2

Standard form: ____________________ Standard form: _____________________

Your graph below: Your graph below:

II – Write the equation of a circle in general form given its center and radius.

1. 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟 = (−5, 5) & 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑠 = 5 2. 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟 = (−4, −3) & 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑠 = 3

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III – Find the center and radius of each equation of a circle.

1. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 4𝑥 − 10𝑦 − 7 = 0 2. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 6𝑥 + 4𝑦 + 3 = 6

IV – Identify whether each equation represents a circle, a point circle or has no graph.

1. 1. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 6𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 12 = 0 2. 2. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 4𝑥 − 10𝑦 + 29 = 0

V – Solve as indicated.

1) Find the equation of a circle whose center is at (-2, - 5) and radius 4

2) Find the equation of a circle that has a diameter with the endpoints given by the points A (6, 7) and B (-5, -8).
3) Find the equation of a circle whose center is at (8, - 3) and radius 6.
4) Find the equation of a circle that has a diameter with the endpoints given by the points A (2, -2) and B (-3, 3).
5) Find the equation of a circle whose center is at (5, - 8) and radius 8.
6) Find the equation of a circle that has a diameter with the endpoints given by the points A (-4, 1) and B (4, 2).
7) Find the equation of a circle whose center is at (5, - 6) and radius 3.
8) Find the equation of a circle that has a diameter with the endpoints given by the points A (-5, 7) and B (-8, 5).
9) Find the equation of a circle whose center is at (-6, - 3) and radius 7.
10) Find the equation of a circle that has a diameter with the endpoints given by the points A (-4, 9) and B (-2, -3).

Your answers here:

1. 6.

2. 7.

3. 8

4. 9.

5. 10.

May God Bless You! 