Badji Mokhtar University Annaba Level 3: Telecommunication

Electronics Department Module: Telecommunication systems and networks

Lecture 0&1: Digital Transmission Systems

Instructor: Dr Seif Allah Nasri

Contact:
[email protected]
Annaba, Algeria
Course purpose and structure

Telecommunication systems and networks

Course purpose and structure

Digital transmission Modems and Protection against Telecommunications

Data transmision
systems interfaces errors networks
• Standards Bodies • Operating Modes • Features and • Definitions • Fixed, Wireless,
• Transmission • Link Mode standards • Error rate Mobile Networks,
Channels • Transmission Mode • Links between two • Error detection etc,
• Principle of a Data • Multiplexing systems • Self-correctiing
Link • Bandwidth, • Dialup modem code
• General Structure Modulation speed, • ADSL
of a Transmission bit rate.
Chain

Telecommunication systems and networks

Lecture Outline

• History of Telecommunication

• Standards Bodies

• General structure of a data communication system

• Transmission mediums

• Bandwidth and Bit rate

1
H i s t o r y o f Te l e c o m m u n i c a t i o n

Transatlantic First wireless

Claude Chappe Telegraph telephone
Semaphore telegraph Under the Atlantic Bell and Charles
sea cable Sumner Tainter

1790 1844 1858 1876 1880

The Telephone
Samuel Morse Alexander Graham
Morse Telegraph Bell

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 Standards Bodies

• The word Telecommunication was first introduced by Estauré (French enginneer) in 1904.

• The International Telegraphic Union was changed to the International Telecommunication Union ITU in Madrid
1932.

• ITU: is a specialised agancy of the UN. Membership of 193 countries. www.itu.int

ITU-T: Telecommunication standardisation sector, ITU-R: Radiocommunication sector, ITU-D: Telecommunication
Development Sector.

Other standards bodies:

ANSI: America National standards Institute (recommendations for North America) www.ansi.org
TTC: Telecommunication Technology Committee (Japan) www.ttc.or.jp/e/
IEEE: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers www.ieee.org

ISO: International Organisation for Standardisation www.iso.org

IANOR: L'institut Algérien de Normalisation www.ianor.dz

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 A data communication system

A Typical diagram of a data communication system

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 Tr a n s m i s s i o n m e d i u m s

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 Tr a n s m i s s i o n m e d i u m s

Design Factors
- Transmission rate
- Cost and Ease of Installation
- Resistance to environment conditions
- Distances

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 Tw iste d Pa ir ca b le

• Cheap and easy to install Twisted Pair cable is of two types:

• Consists of two conductors (copper) • Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP)
• Frequency range 0: to 3.5KHz • Shielded Twisted Pair (STP)
• Typical attenuation: 0.2 dB/Km @ 1Khz Applications :
• Typical delay: 50 µs/km • Telephone network
• Repeater spacing: 2Km. • Local Area Networks

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 Tw iste d Pa ir ca b le

Unshielded Twisted Pair Cable

Advantage: Easy Instalation, Flexible, cheap, 100 meter

limit and used in LAN technologies (eg: Ethernet).
Disadvantage:
- Low bandwidth compared to the coaxial cable.
UTP cables consist of 2 or 4 pairs of twisted cable:
- Less protected from interference
• RJ-11 connector (2 pairs)
• RJ-45 connector (4 pairs)

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 Tw iste d Pa ir ca b le

Shielded Twisted Pair Cable (STP)

Advantage: Easy Instalation, used in analog and digital

transmission, Increases the signalling rate, higher capacity
than UTP.
Disadvantage:
UTP cables consist of 2 or 4 pairs of twisted cable:
Heavy and difficult to manifacture.
• RJ-11 connector (2 pairs)
• RJ-45 connector (4 pairs)

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 Coaxial Cable

Advantage:
Provide High bandwidth,
Used in long distance telephone lines.
Eliminate distortion. and digital transmission, Increases
the signalling rate, higher capacity than UTP.
Disadvantage:
Single cable failure affects the entire network.
Coaxial cables are of two types:
Difficult to install and expensive / TP cable
• Baseband (e.g LAN)
Possible grounded loop if shield is imperfect
• Broadband (television cabling)

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 Fibre Optic Cable

FO Cable is made of glass or plastic and transmits signals

in form of light.
Advantage:
• Higher bandwidth ( hundreds of Gbps)
• Smaller size and weight
• Lower attenuation
• Electromagnetic Isolation
• Fewer repeaters.
Disadvantage:
• High cost
• Manufacturing and maintenance
Watch the video on the following link
https://youtu.be/0MwMkBET_5I

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 Fibre Optic Cable

A. Multimode step index: In this type of fibre the density

of the core remains constant from the centre to the
edges. A beam of light moves through this constant
density in a straight line until it reaches the interface
of the core and the cladding.
B. Multimode graded-index: Density ,in type of fibre, is
highest at the centre of the core and decreases
gradually to its lowest at the edge.
C. Single mode: This type of fibre has a much smaller
diameter compared to that of multimode fibre, with a
lower density

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 Fibre Optic Cable

Optical fibres are defined by the ratio of the core diameter to the cladding diameter. The common sizes are shown
in the table below:

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 Unguided transmission

Unguided medium transport electromagnetic waves

without using a physical conductor.

We can divide wireless transmission into three broad

groups:
• Radio waves
• Micro waves
The electromagnetic spectrum, ranging from 3 kHz to 900 THz,
• Infrared waves used for wireless communication.

More details about the Wireless networks will be given in

Chapter 5.

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 Bandwidth and Bitrate

Please watch the video below and make some conclusions about the two discussed concepts ( bitrate
means also speed)

https://youtu.be/A_-L-kn9biw

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T h a n k yo u fo r yo u r atte nt i o n