DATABASES ON

LINUX
LINUX FUNDAMENTALS AND ADMIISTRATION

SUBMMITED BY:
CLARICE BONIFACIO
ERIKA MAE LIRAZAN
 INTRODUCTION

Our lives are flooded with all kinds of information. Thanks to computer databases,

we interact with information easily and seamlessly on a daily basis. Databases were used to

organize information long before the computer age. The computer allowed databases to be

automated. Database is a collection of all the information or data that is organized in that

way we can easily update, accessed and managed the data inside of our computer. It

contains rows and columns for the aggregations of the data records or files that containing

the records of sales transactions or information with the specific customer. Working.

Communicating. Shopping. Relaxing. Nearly everywhere we go, data is gathered, organized,

and made accessible. In this age of information, a database is never far away.
 HISTORY OF DATABASE

A very long time ago, human beings began to store information. In the ancient times,

database systems were elaborated, some of the basic principles of these systems are still being used

today and developed by government offices, libraries, hospitals, and business organizations.

Databases were used to organize information long before the computer age. The computer allowed

databases to be automated.

Early computer databases followed a ‘flat file’ model, a simple, consecutive list of records.

But this format required that computers begin every search at the start of the list and search

sequentially. This was a slow way to search and maintain large volumes of records. New, faster

databases were needed that were expandable, reliable and efficient.

In the mid-1960s, IBM used a ‘hierarchical’ model for their information management system

– IMS. A computer scientist at IBM, Ted Codd, had a better idea. His first ‘relational’ database model,

was proposed in 1970, organized a body of data into simple tables of related information. There were

no pointers to maintain, because tables are connected only by having matching data fields. This

made it easier to access, merge, and change data. An IBM instructor and author, C.J. Date. Was

convinced that the relational database was a better model. Codd and Date wrote papers, lectured and

debated its merits. But Codd’s relational database competed with another IBM product, the profitable

IMS, so IBM was slow to support the new idea.

INGRES relational database, making it freely available for a modest fee. Several companies used it

as the basis for successful commercial products. It took until 1975 for IBM to produce an

experimental relational database. It used a structured query language developed by IBM’s Don

Chamberlin ad Raymond Boyce to search and modify data, named ‘System R’. Larry Ellison, a young

entrepreneur. Was also intrigued with Codd’s ideas.

In 1977, he put up $2000 of his own money to start a software company with Bob Miner and

Ed Oates. Their mission is to develop and sell the first commercially available relation database

compatible with IBM’s System R. Their flagship product ‘Oracle’, was shipped in 1979. The first

version ran on minicomputers. But by 1980s, the company had rewritten it to run on many more

computer systems, including IBM PCs and mainframes. Oracle quickly became profitable.

In the mid-1980s. SQL or, Structured Query Language, became the standard query

language.

IBM finally released a full-fledged commercial relational database, DB2, for mainframes. But it was

too late for IBM to dominate the minicomputer market, and Oracle was already selling to IBM’s

customers. Oracle had adopted Ted Codd’s relational database concept early, when his own

employer, IBM, wouldn’t and Oracle became one of the largest software companies in the world. Its

success helped relational databases become the way much of our computer data is organized.

In early 1990s. Most of the surviving companies sold complex database products at high

prices, after a database industry shakeout. Around this time, new client tools for application

development were released, and these include the Oracle Developer, PowerBuilder, VB, and
others. A number of tools for personal productivity, were also developed. Such as Excel/Access

and ODBC. They also created a prototype for Object Database Management Systems in the early

1990s.

By the mid-1990s. The advent of the Internet led to exponential growth of the database

industry. Average desktop users began to use client-server database systems to access computer

systems that contained legacy data.

Late 1990s, online business increased investment, resulted in a rise in demand for Internet

database connectors, such as Front Page, Active Server Pages, Java Servlets, Dream Weaver,

ColdFusion, Enterprise Java Beas, and Oracle Developer 2000. The use of cgi, gcc, MySQL,

Apache, and other systems brought open source solution to the Internet. With the increased used

of point-of-sale technology, online transaction processing and online analytic processing

began to come of age.

In 2000s, Although the Internet industry experienced a decline in the early 2000s,
database applications continue to grow. New interactive applications were developed
for PDAs, point-of-sale transactions, and consolidation of vendors. Presently, the three
leading database companies in the western world are Microsoft, IBM, and Oracle.

Today, databases are everywhere and are used to enhance our day-to-day life.
From personal cloud storage to predicting the weather, many of the services we utilize
today are possible due to databases. Presently, there are many new players in the non-
relational database space offering specific solutions. Some of the current relational
databases include giants such as Oracle, MySQL, and DB2. We're also seeing new
trends emerging that focus on making powerful technology accessible to everyone