NAME: Sahas Vivek

SLOT:

1. What is the difference between routers, switches, hubs?

A Hub is a simple and cheap networking device that works under the physical layer of the
OSI model and connects a bunch of computers in a Local Area Network (LAN). It is
considered less intelligent because it does not filter data and does not know where the data
is to be sent.

A Router is a networking device that operates under the network layer of the OSI model and
is used to connect two or more networks. It is a device that establishes a common link
between networks to enable data flow between them.

2. What is the difference between layer-3 switch and a router?

Routers are the connecting devices in networking. it is used to choose the smallest path for a packet
to attain its destination. It’s main objective is to attach varied networks at the same time and it
works in network layer.

Layer-3 Switches:

Layer-3 Switches were formed as a technology to boost on the performance of routers utilized in
massive native space networks (LANs) like company intranets.

The key distinction between Layer-3 switches and routers lies within the hardware technology
accustomed build the unit. The hardware within a Layer-3 switch merges that of ancient switches
and routers, exchange a number of a router’s software package logic with hardware to supply higher
performance in some things. Layer-3 switches typically value but ancient routers. Designed to be
used among native networks, a Layer-3 switch can usually not possess the WAN ports and wide
space network options a conventional router can perpetually have.
 3. What is a Stub Network?

A stub network, or pocket network, is a somewhat casual term describing a computer network, or
part of an internet work, with no knowledge of other networks, that will typically send much or all of
its non-local traffic out via a single path, with the network aware only of a default route to non-local
destinations. As a practical analogy, think of an island which is connected to the rest of the world
through a bridge and no other path is available either through air or sea. Continuing this analogy, the
island might have more than one physical bridge to the mainland, but the set of bridges still
represents only one logical path. An enterprise local area network (LAN) that connects to the
corporate network by only one router, or multiple default routers connected to the same logical
upstream destination. A single LAN which never carries packets between multiple routers connected
to it. All traffic is to and/or from local hosts. The routers will only route packets into the LAN if it's
destined for the LAN, and out from the LAN if it originated on the LAN.

4. What is the difference between Cat-5 Cable and UTP Cable?

Cat-5 Cable: High-Performance Data Communications Cable Suitable for 350MHz High-Speed Data
Applications Suitable for Gigabit Ethernet, Fast Ethernet and 155Mbps TP-PMD/CDDI 4-Pair – Easily
Identified Color-Striped Pairs AWG24 Solid Annealed Bare Copper Conductors Excellent Attenuation
and Crosstalk Characteristics

UTP Cable: Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) cable is by far the most popular cable around the world.
UTP cable is used not only for networking but also for the traditional telephone (CAT1). There are
more than six different types of UTP categories and, depending on what you want to achieve, you
would need the appropriate type of cable. CAT5E is the most popular UTP cable, it came to replace
the well known coaxial cable which was not able to keep up with the continuous growth for faster
and more reliable tele and data communication networks.

5. What are the bandwidths of Hub and Switch respectively?

Hub is usually implemented using passive device types, and switch is typically implemented using
active device types. The transmission mode and speed of a hub are half and 10mbps, respectively,
while the switch has full or mode transmission mode and speed as high as 1Gbps.

6. Explain any 3 types of Firewalls?

Packet Filters Packet Filter Firewall controls the network access by analyzing the outgoing and
incoming packets. It lets a packet pass or block its way by comparing it with pre-established criteria
like allowed IP addresses, packet type, port number, etc. Packet filtering technique is suitable for
small networks but gets complex when implemented to larger networks. It is to be noted that these
types of firewalls cannot prevent all types of attacks. They can neither tackle the attacks that use
application layers vulnerabilities nor can fight against spoofing attacks. Stateful Inspection Stateful
Packet Inspection (SPI), which is also sometimes called dynamic packet filtering, is a powerful
firewall architecture which examines traffic streams from end to end. These smart and fast firewalls
use an intelligent way to ward off the unauthorized traffic by analyzing the packet headers and
inspecting the state of the packets along with providing proxy services. These firewalls works at the
network layer in the OSI model and are more secured than the basic packet filtering firewalls. Proxy
Server Firewalls Also called the application level gateways, Proxy Server Firewalls are the most
secured type of firewalls that effectively protect the network resources by filtering messages at the
application layer. Proxy firewalls mask your IP address and limit traffic types. They provide a
complete and protocol-aware security analysis for the protocols they support. Proxy Servers offers
the best Internet experience and results in the network performance improvements.