LAND SURVEYING REPORT

Arranged by :

FARHAN AYUHAN FAHMI

1941320104/09

3 MRK 4

D-IV CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
MALANG STATE POLYTECHNIC
2021
 Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction/Background

The science of measuring land is a branch of Geodesy which specifically studies a small
part of the earth's surface by taking measurements to obtain maps. Measurements made of natural
and man-made detail points include the horizontal position (x, y) and the vertical position (z) which
is referenced to the mean sea level.

In a more general sense, measuring land can be considered as a discipline that includes all
methods for collecting and processing information and data about the earth and the physical
environment. With current technological developments, conventional terrestrial methods have
been complemented by aerial and satellite mapping methods that evolve through land and space
programs (Arifin, 2015).

1.2 Development Purpose

Students can practice plan surveying, can calculate the elevation of the point or the
difference in elevation, determines the horizontal position of a fixed point or object on the earth's
surface, determine the vertical position (elevation) of a fixed point or object on the ground, either
above or below the reference plane / altitude datum, determines the direction of a line or path,
determine the length of the line, determine the position of the boundary, determine the area that
has been limited by a certain line, making a map of the appearance of the earth in an area.
 Chapter 2
METHODS

a. Automatic Level (Waterpass)

Automatic Level (Waterpass) is an optical instrument used to establish or verify points in
the same horizontal plane in a process known as levelling, and is used in conjunction with
a levelling staff to establish the relative heights levels of objects or marks. It is widely used
in surveying and construction to measure height differences and to transfer, measure, and set
heights of known objects or marks.

b. Theodolite
A Theodolite is a precision optical instrument for measuring angles between designated
visible points in the horizontal and vertical planes. The traditional use has been for land surveying,
but they are also used extensively for building and infrastructure construction, and some
specialized applications such as meteorology and rocket launching.

c. Basic Formula Using Automatic Level

a. Difference Elevation at Point A and B :

ΔhP1P2 = HzP1 – HzP2 (II.1)

b. Distance at point A to P1 :
do = 100 × (UP1 – LP1) (II.2)
c. Profile elevation points:
𝐻1 = 𝐻𝐿𝑆1 – 𝐵S1 (II.3)

d. Formula Using Theodolite

a. Distance at Point A to B
𝑑𝐴𝐵 = √(𝐗𝐁 − 𝐗𝐀)𝟐 + (𝐘𝐁 − 𝐘𝐀)𝟐 (II.4)
b. Determine Azzimuth AB
𝛼𝐴𝐵 = 𝑎𝑟𝑐 𝑡𝑎𝑛 {(𝐗𝐁 − 𝐗𝐀)/(𝐘𝐁 − 𝐘𝐀)} (II.5)
c. Determine Coordinate at Point B
𝑋B = 𝑋𝐴 + 𝑑𝐴B 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝛼𝐴B (II.6)
𝑌B = 𝑌𝐴 + 𝑑𝐴B 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼𝐴B (II.7)
 Chapter 3
MEASUREMENT PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION
3.1. Measurement Design
a. Long Section
A Long Section is a profile view of a surface along a particular route, which plots elevation
against the distance along the route. Long sections can be related to each other through Primary
and Secondary Alignments. They can also include vertical curves and floating points.

Figure 2 : Long Section Design

(www.geosurta.tk.)

b. Polygon Open Traverse And Closed Traverse

• Closed traverse: either originates from a station and returns to the same station
completing a circuit, or runs between two known stations
• Open traverse: neither returns to its starting station, nor closes on any other known
station.
 Figure 3 : Polygon Open Traverse And Closed Traverse
(www.geosurta.tk.)

3.2. Measuring Setting

3.2.1. Location

For Measuring plan we choose a location in Malang City that is in Toempeng

Village

Figure 4. Location of measuring plan

(www.earth.google.com)

3.2.2. Surveying Tools

• Automatic Level (Waterpass)

 • Theodolite
• Roll Meter
• Tripod
• Helper
• Triangle
• Rod (Leveling Stuff)
• Tripod for rod
• Iron Nails/Peg
• Measuring tape
• Umbrella
• Arcgis
• Global Mappers
• Autocad
• Coordinator

1.2.3. Participant
1. Lecturer : Mrs. Martine Novianti Bani, St., MT
2. Member for Practice : All member in this Group

3.4. Measuring Thecniqe

3.4.1. How to do level measurement with Automatic Level :

Tools :

• Automatic Level (Waterpass)

• Roll Meter
• Tripod
• Helper
• Triangle
• Rod (Leveling Stuff)
• Tripod for rod
• Iron Nails/Peg
• Measuring tape
• Umbrella

Step :

• The fixed point (Bench Mark) is set for the measurement used
• The nails and paint are used to mark the starting point of p1
• P1 is measured 25 m long for the determination of point A, and point P2 which is 25 meters
in front of point A and so on by marking it with paint to the last point, which is point P11
as far as 500 m from the starting point.
• The tripod is mounted just above point P1 and place the water flow meter on the tripod by
securing the bottom.
• Strings are attached and make sure the strings point to point P1.
• The lever screw is adjusted so that the nivo bubble is in the center of the tube.
• After the nivo is in balance, the tub is placed at point BM then shot from point P1 (try to
position the tub vertically).
• Then the horizontal thread is read by the observer and the result is recorded by the note
taker carefully so that it meets the two water pass formulas, namely: d = 100 x (BA-BB)
and 2 x BT = BA + BB. If the reading does not meet the formula above, the reading of the
measuring signs is repeated.
• After measuring BM point, the spirit level is moved to point A then points P1 and P2 are
shot / measured. After that the tool is moved to point B for shooting / measuring to point
P2 and P3, and so on until the last point, namely point J and firing back to the starting point
for reading back up to point A.
• Perform calculations and allowable errors. If the difference in height between the return
measurement and the return measurement exceeds the allowable error, the measurement
shall be repeated.
 Chapter 4
DEVELOPMENT RESULT AND DISCUSSION

4.1. Presentation of Product Development Process

4.1.1. Cross Section

Figure 32 : Design Cross Section

point Coordinate x Coordinate y elevation Distance

1 693430.38 9113645.64 30.12 start
2 693451.98 9113638.28 9.12 44.3812
3 693471.24 9113725.26 4.51 86.6486
4 693499.63 9113761.68 36.1 86.6648
5 693512.78 9113802.35 60.82 99.6217
6 693551.45 9113856.53 11.87 112.1366
7 693589.82 9113950.63 61.31 61.3698
8 693641.33 9114024.51 60.67 60.6406
9 693676.39 9114097.58 26.15 54.5534
10 693722.14 9114147.55 50.12 41.8395
11 693756.28 9114204.43 43.78 91.5646
12 693825.69 9114280.66 32.18 34.8181
Table 1 : Data From Cross Section
Formula measuring Distance using Coordinate
• 𝑑𝐴𝐵 = √(𝐗𝐁 − 𝐗𝐀)𝟐 + (𝐘𝐁 − 𝐘𝐀)𝟐
 4.1.2. Closed Traverse

Figure 33 : Design Closed Traverse

point Coordinate X Coordinate Y Distance

1 693719.96 9113672.83 Start
2 693809.72 9113640.46 78.1985
3 693787.96 9113565.35 95.3945
4 693858.33 9113539.12 83.2482
5 693919.53 9113698.93 6.7847
6 693795.66 9113758.21 15.4163
7 693784.62 9113743.27 18.5765
8 693769.77 9113747.41 137.3131
9 693764.47 9113743.18 171.1277
1 693719.96 9113672.83 75.0885
Table 2 : Data From Closed Traverse

Formula measuring Distance using Coordinate

• 𝑑𝐴𝐵 = √(𝐗𝐁 − 𝐗𝐀)𝟐 + (𝐘𝐁 − 𝐘𝐀)𝟐
 Figure 34 : Design Triangle From Closed Traverse

triagle b h L = 1/2 x b x h
triangle 1 95.4293 81.27590373 3878.0513
triangle 2 112.2451 6.555507546 367.9118
triangle 3 114.1679 12.46247325 711.4072
triangle 4 105.8296 14.26837482 755.0082
triangle 5 124.4065 110.542581 6876.1078
triangle 6 171.1277 81.63711778 6985.1861
triangle 7 75.0996 77.97985076 2928.1278
total 22501.8002
Table 3 : Large from Closed Traverse

4.2. Discussion

From this practice we know create contour and create Long Section Closed Traverse,
study using Autocad, Arcgis, and Global Mappers.
 Chapter 5
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS
5.1. CONCLUSION
1. What is meant by mapping the situation or detail is to map all the elements that exist at
ground level in a certain area or area. The elements in question can be natural elements
such as soil height, vegetation boundary, river boundary and man-made elements such as
buildings, waterways, fences

2. The purpose of situation measurement is to map all the corner points of the building / peg
measurement. In addition to the corner points of the building / peg measurement does not
close the possibility that the height of the ground points around the building must also be
measured (natural elements) so that it can be described contour lines to obtain the shape of
the ground level around the building.

5.2. SUGGESTIONS
Based on the results of our group report, to minimize the occurrence of errors in
calculations due to various factors, our groups must make the measurement so that the data
we get and the calculation results are more valid. and also check each detail of
measurement.