DSCoin_Honest Example:

• Let us assume that, there are 4 members in our DSCoin example with UID’s 101. 102, 103, and 104 respectively.
• Let the tr_count is set to be 4 in this example.
• Initially, the moderator distributes 2 coins to each member. And hence, a total of 2 Transaction Blocks are created in order to distribute the coins to the user. These 2 transaction blocks are created by the moderator and hence, no rewards are allotted for mining these transaction blocks namely, tb1
and tb2.
• Say, tm1, tm2, …. tm8 are the transactions for distributing the initial coins to the members.
• Please go through the transaction block, pending_transactions queue, and block coin carefully to understand the procedure being followed in DSCoin. Transaction Block

Initially
tm1 tm2 tm3 tm4 tm5 tm6 tm7 tm8
coinID = 100000 coinID = 100001 coinID = 100002 coinID = 100003 coinID = 100004 coinID = 100005 coinID = 100006 coinID = 100007
pending_transaction Source = null Source = null Source = null Source = null Source = null Source = null Source = null Source = null
Destination = 101 Destination = 102 Destination = 103 Destination = 104 Destination = 101 Destination = 102 Destination = 103 Destination = 104
(queue)
Coin_source_block = null Coin_source_block = null Coin_source_block = null Coin_source_block = null Coin_source_block = null Coin_source_block = null Coin_source_block = null Coin_source_block = null

source for this transaction

is null, but while calculating
the CRF, it is taken as string
“Moderator”
and coin_source_block is
also null for this case, but it
is taken as string “Genesis”
for calculating CRF

TransactionBlock 1 (tb1):
Sequentiallhy searched starting from 1000000001 such that
For coin distribution by moderator (Hence, 4 (tr_count) transaction will dequeued from pending_transactions and no reward for the miner) CRF(prev.dgst#tr_summary#nonce) has prefix “0000”
prev.dgst#tr_summary#nonce

dgst = 00002D934C71EEF934E902CF1C10B5F7ADF12D8A96B4D00F5C4A23F2776F582B

CRF
DSCoin#CB201A28476E5AE23A91669F7E5D90ED40C99DFC816E881F2119C7A14A64EB1C#1000004711

nonce = 1000004711

trsummary = CB201A28476E5AE23A91669F7E5D90ED40C99DFC816E881F2119C7A14A64EB1C

CB201A28476E5AE23A91669F7E5D90ED40C99DFC816E881F2119C7A14A64EB1C
CRF
FE4B177CA70161B0E1609035F23A724C958931550024B35E3CC0A3D92A1FA067#636C621C9F3F91DA6E718678BDBD17D739A5C3DA0D47C92852D3B9C78414920A

FE4B177CA70161B0E1609035F23A724C958931550024B35E3CC0A3D92A1FA067 636C621C9F3F91DA6E718678BDBD17D739A5C3DA0D47C92852D3B9C78414920A
CRF CRF
D52857D1A09D0A481AC2277E92D45BB65876B8FB813B281B2F083B530649A1EA#14A8C8C8E5C073E4773171D5459FDA227E56A969D0C809AD19361177789FE6CD 842E78132BBCD200B50FE4CDE7FC1D66D8F6D16B237EB7449D3BD0FB89BA4DF9#FD22D0C767E77122FDBFB6FA990E042AF850F271DB931F610AB2150221856FD7

D52857D1A09D0A481AC2277E92D45BB65876B8FB813B281B2F083B530649A1EA 14A8C8C8E5C073E4773171D5459FDA227E56A969D0C809AD19361177789FE6CD 842E78132BBCD200B50FE4CDE7FC1D66D8F6D16B237EB7449D3BD0FB89BA4DF9 FD22D0C767E77122FDBFB6FA990E042AF850F271DB931F610AB2150221856FD7

CRF CRF CRF CRF
100000#Moderator#101#Genesis 100001#Moderator#102#Genesis 100002#Moderator#103#Genesis 100003#Moderator#104#Genesis

tm1 coin_id#source.UID#destination_UID#coin_source_block_dgst tm2 tm3 tm4

coinID = 100000 coinID = 100001 coinID = 100002 coinID = 100003
Source = null Source = null Source = null Source = null
Destination = 101 Destination = 102 Destination = 103 Destination = 104
Coin_source_block = null Coin_source_block = null Coin_source_block = null Coin_source_block = null
After creation and insertion of tb1 in block_chain

tm5 tm6 tm7 tm8

coinID = 100004 coinID = 100005 coinID = 100006 coinID = 100007
pending_transaction Source = null Source = null Source = null Source = null Block_Chain
Destination = 101 Destination = 102 Destination = 103 Destination = 104
Coin_source_block = null Coin_source_block = null Coin_source_block = null Coin_source_block = null
tb1
dgst
00002D934C71EEF934E902CF1C10B5F7AD
Coin distribution among different users m1.mycoins 100000 F12D8A96B4D00F5C4A23F2776F582B
nonce
1000004711
trsummary
m2.mycoins 100001 CB201A28476E5AE23A91669F7E5D90ED40
C99DFC816E881F2119C7A14A64EB1C
prev
null
m3.mycoins 100002

m4.mycoins 100003

TransactionBlock 2 (tb2):
For coin distribution by moderator (Hence, 4 (tr_count) transaction will dequeued from pending_transactions and no reward for the miner)

dgst = 00001DBCB949AF5097FE4F2D4CF1F545624ED5646931466170FCFB771D584D9C
CRF
00002D934C71EEF934E902CF1C10B5F7ADF12D8A96B4D00F5C4A23F2776F582B#0BABE4EFB2BD7F39D999E8809DDFCC649E6B8B6CA47ECD907D6784A4DA0DEDCB#1000051123

nonce = 1000051123

trsummary = 0BABE4EFB2BD7F39D999E8809DDFCC649E6B8B6CA47ECD907D6784A4DA0DEDCB

0BABE4EFB2BD7F39D999E8809DDFCC649E6B8B6CA47ECD907D6784A4DA0DEDCB
CRF
506FDA826DF91A082C8E5CF062642BC7AD70A247915BF52BB4156730B8C7F62E#22BD9CFB4F4EF9D9246AF538D1D2FEC4FDE0E8847845307AD95E45F35366418A

506FDA826DF91A082C8E5CF062642BC7AD70A247915BF52BB4156730B8C7F62E 22BD9CFB4F4EF9D9246AF538D1D2FEC4FDE0E8847845307AD95E45F35366418A
CRF CRF
103A7D6B9CD5110B39A158D6ADBF70F2A356F674365D8D499211F50F495BE813#81FD469FDE4337CC79107C7D76096B07CDBB0B4F8C113A1BD3BC6C7BE468E458 16E37C733B935B82C6BF4B630156C59664E78DB1B0CF324772B533128281638F#C0680EBC6B31FE10123A3A016420C736CEF654F3C3DEA47FE97220EDFC466F57

103A7D6B9CD5110B39A158D6ADBF70F2A356F674365D8D499211F50F495BE813 81FD469FDE4337CC79107C7D76096B07CDBB0B4F8C113A1BD3BC6C7BE468E458 16E37C733B935B82C6BF4B630156C59664E78DB1B0CF324772B533128281638F C0680EBC6B31FE10123A3A016420C736CEF654F3C3DEA47FE97220EDFC466F57

CRF CRF CRF CRF
100004#Moderator#101#Genesis 100005#Moderator#102#Genesis 100006#Moderator#103#Genesis 100007#Moderator#104#Genesis

tm5 tm6 tm7 tm8

coinID = 100004 coinID = 100005 coinID = 100006 coinID = 100007
Source = null Source = null Source = null Source = null
Destination = 101 Destination = 102 Destination = 103 Destination = 104
Coin_source_block = null Coin_source_block = null Coin_source_block = null Coin_source_block = null
After creation and insertion of tb2 in block_chain New transactions added

t11 t31 t32

coinID = 100000 coinID = 100002 coinID = 100006
pending_transaction Source = 101 Source = 103 Source = 103 Block_Chain
Destination = 102 Destination = 102 Destination = 102
Coin_source_block = tb1 Coin_source_block = tb1 Coin_source_block = tb2
tb1 tb2
dgst dgst
00002D934C71EEF934E902CF1C10B5F7AD 00001DBCB949AF5097FE4F2D4CF1F54562
Coin distribution among different users m1.mycoins 100000 100004 F12D8A96B4D00F5C4A23F2776F582B 4ED5646931466170FCFB771D584D9C
nonce nonce
1000004711 1000051123
trsummary trsummary
m2.mycoins 100001 100005 CB201A28476E5AE23A91669F7E5D90ED40 0BABE4EFB2BD7F39D999E8809DDFCC649
C99DFC816E881F2119C7A14A64EB1C E6B8B6CA47ECD907D6784A4DA0DEDCB
prev prev
null tb1
m3.mycoins 100002 100006

m4.mycoins 100003 100007

TransactionBlock 3 (tb3): (Mined by m2 (UID: 102))

Mined by a member, hence 3 (tr_count – 1) number of transactions are dequeued from the pending_tranasctions and a transaction for reward for miner is added to the block

dgst = 00009A7F99D2D09244E99D1F55AD29B49D335D9254A2EC682341ECFBC905AF4C
CRF
00001DBCB949AF5097FE4F2D4CF1F545624ED5646931466170FCFB771D584D9C#036462EC76F2BEDA0CE4822E8747FEC9B69671359E7E3D2BD96485748360FD62#1000052544

nonce = 1000052544

trsummary = 036462EC76F2BEDA0CE4822E8747FEC9B69671359E7E3D2BD96485748360FD62

036462EC76F2BEDA0CE4822E8747FEC9B69671359E7E3D2BD96485748360FD62
CRF
A86B49EA9F5245DEA4949D3815140D8CF5B1127C6EBB9B54197D87A5B0579C11#3A0E5A405EFB47DB8EB53FEF60C428FD85964E1C2E090DBC87000FEF02A04F0D

A86B49EA9F5245DEA4949D3815140D8CF5B1127C6EBB9B54197D87A5B0579C11 3A0E5A405EFB47DB8EB53FEF60C428FD85964E1C2E090DBC87000FEF02A04F0D
CRF CRF
3A767231549E643B899B511E0BB1BD438C08A47D0E145B3A77CAFC4E5EF91DEF#B8444CE1F8BD43465F42E29A6E7335A29A12EAF96D4249E710098EE52A2027F2 1E69579D30D4B176DE01AB07247151E45BAEC894095EA1715BD18E0113316CE1#9144086C2BCEB7E86F84A9D54B6B0B372A5E7827C2C9A1EE93DF372564A74DB4

3A767231549E643B899B511E0BB1BD438C08A47D0E145B3A77CAFC4E5EF91DEF B8444CE1F8BD43465F42E29A6E7335A29A12EAF96D4249E710098EE52A2027F2 1E69579D30D4B176DE01AB07247151E45BAEC894095EA1715BD18E0113316CE1 9144086C2BCEB7E86F84A9D54B6B0B372A5E7827C2C9A1EE93DF372564A74DB4

CRF CRF CRF CRF

100000#101#102#00002D934C71EEF934E902CF1C10B5F7ADF12D8A96B4D00F5C4 100002#103#102#00002D934C71EEF934E902CF1C10B5F7ADF12D8A96B4D00F5C4 100006#103#102#00001DBCB949AF5097FE4F2D4CF1F545624ED5646931466170F 100008#Genesis#102#Genesis
A23F2776F582B A23F2776F582B CFB771D584D9C

t11 t31 t32 tr1

coinID = 100000 coinID = 100002 coinID = 100006 coinID = 100008
Source = 101 Source = 103 Source = 103 Source = null
Destination = 102 Destination = 102 Destination = 102 Destination = 102
Coin_source_block = tb1 Coin_source_block = tb1 Coin_source_block = tb2 Coin_source_block = null
 Observe that member 101 has already initiated a transaction t11 where it is sending the coin “100000” to 102, hence it can’t spend the same coin again. This kind of transaction is termed as double_spending.
(Search the block chain for finding and ignoring doble spending transactions.
After creation and insertion of tb3 in block_chain

t21 t12 t23 t41 New transactions added

coinID = 100000 coinID = 100000 coinID = 100001 coinID = 100007
pending_transaction Source = 102 Source = 101 Source = 102 Source = 104 Block_Chain
Destination = 101 Destination = 103 Destination = 101 Destination = 101
Coin_source_block = tb3 Coin_source_block = tb1 Coin_source_block = tb1 Coin_source_block = tb2 tb1 tb2 tb3
dgst dgst dgst
00002D934C71EEF934E902CF1C10B5F7AD 00001DBCB949AF5097FE4F2D4CF1F54562 00009A7F99D2D09244E99D1F55AD29B49
F12D8A96B4D00F5C4A23F2776F582B 4ED5646931466170FCFB771D584D9C D335D9254A2EC682341ECFBC905AF4C
Coin distribution among different users m1.mycoins 100002 100004 nonce nonce nonce
1000004711 1000051123 1000052544
trsummary trsummary trsummary
CB201A28476E5AE23A91669F7E5D90ED40 0BABE4EFB2BD7F39D999E8809DDFCC649 036462EC76F2BEDA0CE4822E8747FEC9B6
m2.mycoins 100000 100001 100005 100006 100008 C99DFC816E881F2119C7A14A64EB1C E6B8B6CA47ECD907D6784A4DA0DEDCB 9671359E7E3D2BD96485748360FD62
prev prev prev
null tb1 tb2

m3.mycoins

m4.mycoins 100003 100007

TransactionBlock 4 (tb4): (Mined by m3 (UID: 103))

Mined by a member, hence 3 (tr_count – 1) number of transactions are dequeued from the pending_tranasctions and a transaction for reward for miner is added to the block

dgst = 0000D8404A87F4FC733405350DAB5A3C991FAFF3B6F414BEE59511DED2D9D029
CRF
00009A7F99D2D09244E99D1F55AD29B49D335D9254A2EC682341ECFBC905AF4C#7D54DAB56493411834FBEB6C9C9C7FDD176DC30DB7AF7436493FCD319DA6C635#1000076024

nonce = 1000076024

trsummary = 7D54DAB56493411834FBEB6C9C9C7FDD176DC30DB7AF7436493FCD319DA6C635

7D54DAB56493411834FBEB6C9C9C7FDD176DC30DB7AF7436493FCD319DA6C635
CRF
8B9B22183DFEA7A5682DF7A053CF576892C224819100806789C541F381B3FE41#F71B55FA201DF680AC023B8F41E902503E26C9E96BA3D0F5CE99157CE9598851

8B9B22183DFEA7A5682DF7A053CF576892C224819100806789C541F381B3FE41 F71B55FA201DF680AC023B8F41E902503E26C9E96BA3D0F5CE99157CE9598851
CRF CRF
7452EB5B487B950F9B034940D0B0470445BE47C0E6D4ABBF9C04E0E810D10821#4DF98EC3173A72FCD5290FFF0A04F2438C9EB3A8B9051D8B43F17508D37E5D0A BABDE9D3A2709E35E9CE3CA4823D54DA32C67E363C5C09A4BD5104EBCFA0E40E#38FDAA2D908CEC97A9705BAFBAC9B6822B172501DF840BBF1E920793F3125F93

7452EB5B487B950F9B034940D0B0470445BE47C0E6D4ABBF9C04E0E810D10821 4DF98EC3173A72FCD5290FFF0A04F2438C9EB3A8B9051D8B43F17508D37E5D0A BABDE9D3A2709E35E9CE3CA4823D54DA32C67E363C5C09A4BD5104EBCFA0E40E 38FDAA2D908CEC97A9705BAFBAC9B6822B172501DF840BBF1E920793F3125F93

CRF CRF CRF CRF

100000#102#101#00009A7F99D2D09244E99D1F55AD29B49D335D9254A2EC6823 100001#102#101#00002D934C71EEF934E902CF1C10B5F7ADF12D8A96B4D00F5C4 100007#104#101#00001DBCB949AF5097FE4F2D4CF1F545624ED5646931466170F 100009#Genesis#103#Genesis
41ECFBC905AF4C A23F2776F582B CFB771D584D9C

t21 t23 t41 tr2

coinID = 100000 coinID = 100001 coinID = 100007 coinID = 100009
Source = 102 Source = 102 Source = 104 Source = null
Transaction t12 is ignored due to double spending
Destination = 101 Destination = 101 Destination = 101 Destination = 103
Coin_source_block = tb3 Coin_source_block = tb1 Coin_source_block = tb2 Coin_source_block = null
After creation and insertion of tb4 in block_chain

pending_transaction (empty queue)

Block_Chain

tb1 tb2 tb3 tb4

dgst dgst dgst dgst
00002D934C71EEF934E902CF1C10B5F7AD 00001DBCB949AF5097FE4F2D4CF1F54562 00009A7F99D2D09244E99D1F55AD29B49 0000D8404A87F4FC733405350DAB5A3C99
F12D8A96B4D00F5C4A23F2776F582B 4ED5646931466170FCFB771D584D9C D335D9254A2EC682341ECFBC905AF4C 1FAFF3B6F414BEE59511DED2D9D029
Coin distribution among different users m1.mycoins 100000 100002 100004 100007 nonce nonce nonce nonce
1000004711 1000051123 1000052544 1000076024
trsummary trsummary trsummary trsummary
CB201A28476E5AE23A91669F7E5D90ED40 0BABE4EFB2BD7F39D999E8809DDFCC649 036462EC76F2BEDA0CE4822E8747FEC9B6 7D54DAB56493411834FBEB6C9C9C7FDD1
m2.mycoins 100005 100006 100008 C99DFC816E881F2119C7A14A64EB1C E6B8B6CA47ECD907D6784A4DA0DEDCB 9671359E7E3D2BD96485748360FD62 76DC30DB7AF7436493FCD319DA6C635
prev prev prev prev
null tb1 tb2 tb3

m3.mycoins 100001 100009

m4.mycoins 100003
finalizeCoinsend Example

finalizeCoinSend(t31, DSobj)
• We first need to find the TransactionBlock containing t31,
we first sequentially search tb4.tr_array (as tb4 is the last_block of the block chain), since t31 is not present in tb4, using prev pointer we goto tb3, and sequentially search for t31, and since it is present in tb3, we will now take tb3 and do the following.
• We have to compute the sibling coupled path to the root for t31 in tb3 Merkle tree to prove membership of transaction (i.e. proof that transaction t31 is a member of TransactionBlock tb3)

MerkleTree of tb3 (with sibling cupled path to root highlighted for t31):
036462EC76F2BEDA0CE4822E8747FEC9B69671359E7E3D2BD96485748360FD62

A86B49EA9F5245DEA4949D3815140D8CF5B1127C6EBB9B54197D87A5B0579C11 3A0E5A405EFB47DB8EB53FEF60C428FD85964E1C2E090DBC87000FEF02A04F0D

3A767231549E643B899B511E0BB1BD438C08A47D0E145B3A77CAFC4E5EF91DEF B8444CE1F8BD43465F42E29A6E7335A29A12EAF96D4249E710098EE52A2027F2 1E69579D30D4B176DE01AB07247151E45BAEC894095EA1715BD18E0113316CE1 9144086C2BCEB7E86F84A9D54B6B0B372A5E7827C2C9A1EE93DF372564A74DB4

t31

Sibling coupled path to root for t31: (to be outputted)

B8444CE1F8BD43465F42E29A6E7335A29A12EAF96D4249E710098EE52A2027F2 A86B49EA9F5245DEA4949D3815140D8CF5B1127C6EBB9B54197D87A5B0579C11 036462EC76F2BEDA0CE4822E8747FEC9B69671359E7E3D2BD96485748360FD62

3A767231549E643B899B511E0BB1BD438C08A47D0E145B3A77CAFC4E5EF91DEF 3A0E5A405EFB47DB8EB53FEF60C428FD85964E1C2E090DBC87000FEF02A04F0D null

• Now, we have to compute a list of pair of strings of k+2 pairs, where k is the number of transaction blocks after the transaction block tB is present in. i.e. in our case after tb3, there is 1 block, therefore a list of 3 pair of strings is to be computed where each pair of string looks like:
(ti.dgst, ti.previous.dgst + “#” + ti.summary + “#” + ti.nonce) and first block looks like (tB.previous.dgst, null).

tb3 tb4
dgst dgst
00009A7F99D2D09244E99D1F55AD29B49 0000D8404A87F4FC733405350DAB5A3C99
Block Chain with and after tb3: D335D9254A2EC682341ECFBC905AF4C 1FAFF3B6F414BEE59511DED2D9D029
nonce nonce
1000052544 1000076024
trsummary trsummary
036462EC76F2BEDA0CE4822E8747FEC9B6 7D54DAB56493411834FBEB6C9C9C7FDD1
9671359E7E3D2BD96485748360FD62 76DC30DB7AF7436493FCD319DA6C635
prev prev
tb2 tb3

00001DBCB949AF5097FE4F2D4CF1F545624ED5646931466170FCFB771D584D9C 00009A7F99D2D09244E99D1F55AD29B49D335D9254A2EC682341ECFBC905AF4C 0000D8404A87F4FC733405350DAB5A3C991FAFF3B6F414BEE59511DED2D9D029

(tb2.dgst) (tb3.dgst) (tb4.dgst)
Therefore, the List of Pair of Strings will look like:
(to be outputted) 00001DBCB949AF5097FE4F2D4CF1F545624ED5646931466170FCFB771D584D9C# 00009A7F99D2D09244E99D1F55AD29B49D335D9254A2EC682341ECFBC905AF4C#
036462EC76F2BEDA0CE4822E8747FEC9B69671359E7E3D2BD96485748360FD62# 7D54DAB56493411834FBEB6C9C9C7FDD176DC30DB7AF7436493FCD319DA6C635
null
1000052544 #1000076024
(tb2.dgst#tb3.summary#tb3.nonce) (tb3.dgst#tb4.summary#tb4.nonce)