at at 1e s) Solution : Data : d=40 km, f=1 rot/s =20 km=2 x 10*m Linear speed, 0 = wr = (2zf)r = (2 x 3.142 x 1)(2 x 10*) = 6.284 x 2 x 10* = 1,257 x 10° m/s (or 125.6 km/s) (2) A body of mass 100 grams is tied to one end of a string and revolved along a circular path in the horizontal plane. The radius of the circle is 50 cm. If the body revolves with a constant angular speed of 20 rad/s, find the (i) period of revolution (ii) linear speed (iii) centripetal acceleration of the body. (3 marks) Solution : Data : m= 100 g=0.1 kg, r=50 cm =0.5 m, @ = 20 rad/s (i) The period of revolution of the body, T= an = 23G102 ete = 0.3142 s o 20 (ii) Linear speed, v = wr = 20 x 0.5 = 10 m/s (iii) Centripetal acceleration, a, = wr = (20)? x 0.5 = 200 m/s” (3) Calculate the angular speed of the Earth due to its spin (rotational motion). (2 marks) Solution : Data : T = 24 hours = 24 x 60 x 60s Qn _2x3142 _ 3.142 T 24x60x60 43200 = 7.273 x 1075 rad/s The angular speed of the Earth due to its spin (rotational motion) is 7.273 x 10~° rad/s, Angular speed, @ = (4) Find the angular speed of rotation of the Earth so that bodies on the equator would feel no weight. [Radius of the Earth = 6400 km, g = 9.8 nvs*} (2 marks) Solution ; Data : Radius of the Earth =r = 6400 km = 6.4 x 10° m, g= 9.8 m/s? As the Earth rotates, the bodies on the equator revolve in circles of radius r.ee le These bodies would not feel any weight if so | ” centripetal acceleration (’r) 18 equal to the acceler: : ation due to gravity (¢). 1, w reg i The angular speed of the Earth’s rotation, ¥ (5) To simulate the acceleration of large poReeit astronauts are seated in a chamber and revolved in a circle of radius 9.8 m. What angular speed is required to generate a centripetal acceleration 8 times the acceleration due to gravity? [g = 9.8 m/s’) (2 marks) : Solution : (8) Data: r=9.8 m, g=9.8 m/s”, a = 8g Centripetal acceleration = wr oor 8g *, 9.8 w? = 8(9.8) “or =8 The required angular speed, o= J/8 =2,/2 = 2.828 rad/s ; ae tee Bis cis desea sah EO. i So (6) The angular position of a rotating object is given i by 0(t)=(1.55t? —7.75t + 2.87) rad, where ¢ is measured in second. (i) When is the object mo- mentarily at rest? (ii) What is the magnitude of its angular acceleration at that time? (3 marks) Solution : 0 (t) = (1.55t? —7.75t + 2.87) rad The angular speed of the object as a function of time is dod Olt) =7 = (1.55? ~7.75t + 2.87) =2(1.55t) —7.75 Bae = (3.10 ~7.75) rad/s i ©) (i) When the object is momentarily at rest, =3.10t—7.75 =0 7.75 Pee 3107 258 (ii) The magnitude of the angular acceleration is dw = 3.10 rad/s? (constant)Ll r | M Amo , j for part at a distance of 14m from the motors axis of rotation has a constant angular acceleration of 0.25 rad/e’ Vind the magnitude of ite near acceleration at the instant when its angular epeed Is 0.5 rad/s, (3 marke) Solution + (8) Datarre 1.5m, 7025 rad /o’, 00 5 rad /4 a, = @ (0,5)'(1,5) = 0.25 15 =0.975 m/s A or O25 x 1,5 0,375 m/6” The linear acceleration, a= Jat 4a) /(0,375)' + 0.575) = /2(0.375)) = /2812 710°? = 0.5303 m/e? A coin is placed on a stationary disc at a distance of 1m from the disc’s centre. At time f ~ 09, the disc begins to rotate with a constant angular acceleration of 2 rad/s’ around a fixed vertical axis through its centre and perpendicular to ite plane. Find the magnitude of the linear acceleration of the coin at t= 1.58, Assume the coin does not slip. (3 marks) Solution : (9) Data:r=1m,4=2 rad/s’, <0, tm 158 A, © oF = (2)(1) & 2 m/s? Angular speed at t= 1.5 9, = 0, + ol = 0+ (2)(1.5) = 3 rad/s "dy = Wo? (3)2(1) 9 m/e? The required linear acceleration is, am Jala PVP a 8 = 9.22 m/s? [OR vm u +a, 0+ (2)(1.5) = 3 m/s : vy 3 Ay mm mem oO m/s? | ty A railway locomotive enters 4 stretch of track, which is in the form of 4 circular are of radius 280m, at 10 m/s and with ite speed increasing uniformly. Ten seconds into the stretch ite speed ge and at 186 its speed is 19 m/s. Find # Magnitude of the locomotive’s linear accel- ae is 14 m/9 (ii) the direction at that point with respect to the locomotive’s radial acceleration (iii) the angular acceleration of the locomotive, (4 marks) eed eeSolution ; Data : r= 280 m, v, =10 m/s at t= 0, D 0,=14 m/s at t, = 10 6, v,=19 m/s at t= 186 (i) Att=t,, the radial acceleration is 2 _ (14)? 14 r 280 ~ 20 Since the tangential acceleration is constant, it a, m= = (),7 m/s? may be found from the data for any two times, Av %3-—v, 19-10 ~ = >, a mit i, 3? B20 0,5 m/s a= /a7 +04 = /(0.7) + (05)? = /0.49+0.25 = ./0,74 = 0.8602 m/s? (ii) If 0 is the angle between the resultant linear acceleration and the radial acceleration, a 0.5 tang =—+=—~ = a, 07 0.7142 r “, 0=tan~'0,7142 =35°32' (iii) a,= or The angular acceleration, a, 05 g=— 7 280 = 1.785 x 10 -* rad/s? = 1.785 mrad/s* (10) The frequency of revolution of a particle perform- ing circular motion changes from 60 rpm to 180 rpm in 20 seconds. Calculate the angular acceler- ation of the particle. (2 marks) Solution : Data : f, = 60 rpm = & rev/s = 1 rev/s, f, = 180 rpm = rev/s=3 rev/s,t=20s The angular acceleration in SI units, 0,-O, _ 2Mf, -2nf; = 2n(3) -2n(1) er ee 20 aft 8 3N4 9.608 radis? 20) Bie) OR Using non SI units, the angular frequencies are , =60 rpm =1 rps and , = 180 rpm = 3 rps. 0; 3-1 1 _ 94 revis?, me re re RRS A t(1) The frequency of rotation of a spinning top is 10 Hz. If it is brought to rest in 6.28 s, find the angular acceleration of a particle on its surface. (2 marks) Solution ¢ Data: f, = 10 Hz, f, = 0 Hz, t = 6.285 The angular acceleration, Wy bs elated id anf, - anf t t _ 2n(0) = 2.n(10) 6.28 ae 2n(10) id 2 x 3.14 x 10 ° 628 it! +) Gee = — 10 rad/s? (12) A wheel of diameter 40 cm starts from rest and attains a speed of 240 rpm in 4 minutes. Calculate its angular displacement in this time interval. (2 marks) Solution : 24 Data : w = 0, f= 240 rpm = =4 rev/s, t=4 min=240s - 2nf—0 ee Oo _ ef t t _2n(4)_ ri = 49 30 T24/8 The angular displacement, 0 = Wot + 5at? =0 +3(% ew 30 =960n rad OR Using non SI units, the final angular frequency «@ = 240 rpm, ag ooo =e = 60 rev/min? 1. Om pat = }(60)(4)* = 480 rev (13) A flywheel slows down uniformly from 1200 rpm to 600 rpm in 5s. Find the number of revolutions made by the wheel in 5s, (2 marks) Solution : Data : , @ 1200 rpm, @ = 600 rpm, f= 5s Since the flywheel slows down uniformly, itsangular acceleration is constant. Then, its average angular speed, @,+@ 1200+ 600 Oia oe 900 re = 900 rpm = 60s =15 rps Its angular displacement in time f, 0=a,y:t=15 x 5 =75 revolutions +(14) An ant is stuck to the rim of a bicycle wheel of diameter 1m. While the bicycle is on a central stand, the wheel is set into rotation and it attains the frequency of 2 rev/s in 10 seconds, with uniform angular acceleration. Calculate (i) the number of revolutions completed by the ant in these 10 seconds (2 marks) (ii) the time taken by it for first complete revolution and the last com- plete revolution. (3 marks) Solution : Data: r=0.5 m, o,=0,0=2 rps, t=10s (i) Angular acceleration («) being constant, the average angular speed, roe Orne re Oo ava 2 2 .. The angular displacement of the wheel in time t, 0=,,:t=1x 10 =10 revolutions see 2 OO oeae =O el 52: (oS a ea ORC Rae ( 1 Der. = Wot +500? => at? (Cane 0) ' ', For 0, =1 rev, ( aE nee 1=3(5)4 2=10 | J, ty =/10 8=3,162 s 3 = eer ke For 0, =9 rey, 9=3(5)14 ( , (= 90 “1, ty =/90 = 3,/10 = 3(31162) = 9:486 6 ( The time for the last, .e., the 10th, revolution is {—t, =10—9,486 = 0.514 5SS :~=— et (@_PROBLEMS FOR PRACTICE (Data: g=9.8 m/s?, unless specified otherwise.] (x Indicates textual problems) 1. An object of mass 200 grams is tied to the end of a string and revolved in a horizontal circle of radius 1.5 m. If it performs 120 revolutions per minute, calculate (i) its angular speed (ii) its linear speed (iii) the centripetal force. (3 marks) (Ans. 12.57 rad/s, 18.85 m/s, 47.4 N) 2. A particle performs circular motion of radius 2 m with a constant angular acceleration of 0.4 rad/s”. If its initial angular speed is 0.4 rad/s, find its (i) tangential acceleration (ii) angular speed after 2 s (iii) angular displacement in 2 s. (3 marks) (Ans. 0.8 m/s?, 1.2 rad/s, 1.6 rad) 3. The angular speed of a particle performing circular motion at a given instant is 4 rad/s. If it has a constant angular acceleration of 5 rad/s? and the tadius of the path is 20 cm, find its (i) angular speed after 0.5 s (ii) tangential acceleration. (3 marks) (Ans. 6.5 rad/s, 1 m/s?) 4. The blades of a windmill have a radius of 40 m. At top speed, a blade tip has a speed of 360 m/s. The speed reduces to 280 m/s in 10 s as the windmill slows to rest at constant acceleration. (i) How much further time elapses before the blades come to rest? (ii) How many revolutions do the blades make in coming to rest from top speed ? (3 marks) (Ans. 35 s, 1273) «5. A fan is rotating at 90 rpm. When switched off, it “stops after 21 revolutions. Assuming a constant frictional torque, calculate the time taken by it to come to a stop. (2 marks) (Ans. 28s) ‘6. A motorcycle and its rider, together weighing 250 kg, move along a horizontal curve of radius 200 m witha constant speed of 36 km/h. Calculate (i) its angular speed (ii) its centripetal acceleration (iii) the centri- petal force. (3 marks) (Ans. 0.05 rad/s, 0.5 m/s, 125 N) 7. Acoinis kept ona gramophone disc with its centre at a distance of 5 cm from the centre of the disc and the disc is set into rotation. The coin begins to slip when *10. 11. 12. 13. 14, he fri Ce ne p (a te SF Ta base.] id of a radius ninute, speed marks) 47.4 N) is 2m rad/s”. ind its fter 2s marks) |.6 rad) circular has a ind the r speed marks) | m/s?) 0m. At /s. The indmill w much to rest? nake in marks) s, 1273) d off, it sonstant by it to ns. 285s) ; 250 kg, n with a angular e centri- } marks) ,125.N) centre at - and the lip when the disc just reaches a speed of 45 rotations per minute, Find the coefficient of friction between the coin and the disc. (2 marks) (Ans. 0.1133) 8. Find the maximum speed with which a car can be safely driven along a curve of radius 30 m, if the coefficient of friction between the wheels and the road is 0.3. (2 marks) (Ans. 9.39 m/s) 9. A 70 kg man stands against the inner wall of a hollow cylindrical drum (the Rotor) of radius 3 m rotating about its vertical axis. The coefficient of friction between the wall and his clothing is 0.15. What is the minimum rotational speed of the cylin- der to enable the man to remain stuck to the wall without falling when the floor is suddenly removed ? (2 marks) (Ans. 4.714 rad/s or 45 rpm) +10. A motorcyclist (treated as a particle) is to ride in horizontal circles inside the cylindrical wall of a well-of-death of radius 4 m. The coefficient of static friction between the tyres and the wall is 0.4. Calculate the minimum speed and frequency necessary to perform the stunt. (2 marks) (Ans. 10 m/s, ~ 0.4 rps) 11. Calculate the angle of banking of a smooth curved road of radius 100 m, if vehicles can safely travel along it with a speed of 108 km/h. (2 marks) (Ans. 42°34’) 12. The road course of a Formula One race track has a turn of radius 400m banked at an angle of 9°. Under dry weather conditions, the friction between the tyres and the road surface is 0.9. Calculate the (i) optimum speed (ii) maximum safe speed at the turn, (3 marks) (Ans. 24.92 m/s, 69.55 m/s) 43, A circular race track of radius 300 mis banked at an angle of 15°. If the coefficient of friction between the tyres of a race car and the road surface is 0.2, what is (a) the optimum speed of the car to avoid wear and tear on its tyres (b) the maximum permissible speed to avoid slipping ? (3 marks) (Ans, 28.07 m/s, 38.12 m/s) 14. A motorcyclist drives along a circular track of radius 50 m with a speed of 54 km/h. Through what angle should he lean inwards to keep his balance? (2 marks) (Ans. 24°40’) 81