Master of Petroleum Well

Engineering
Advanced Drilling Practices
CASING DESIGN
April – 2005
Assoc. Prof. Sampaio
[email protected]

1
 Casing Design
‹ Why Run Casing?
‹ Types of Casing Strings

‹ Classification of Casing

‹ Wellheads

‹ Burst, Collapse and Tension

– Examples
‹ Effect
of Axial Tension on Collapse
Strength
– Examples
2
 Casing Design - Introduction
Casing
What is casing?

Why run casing? Cement

1. To prevent the hole
from caving in,
2. Onshore - to prevent
contamination of fresh
water sands,
3. To prevent water
migration to producing
formation,…
3
Casing Design - Why run casing - cont’d
4. To confine production to the wellbore,
5. To control pressures during drilling,
6. To provide an acceptable environment for
subsurface equipment in producing wells,
7. To enhance the probability of drilling to
total depth (TD).

e.g., you need 14 ppg to control a lower zone,

but an upper zone will fracture at 12 lb/gal.

What to do?

4
Functions of Casing Individually
Drive pipe Conductor pipe
‹ Provides a means ‹ Same as Drive pipe
of nippling up ‹ Supports the
diverters weight of next
‹ Provides a mud casing strings
return path ‹ Isolates very weak
‹ Prevents erosion of formations
ground below rig

5
Functions of Casing Individually
Surface casing Intermediate casing
‹ Provides a means of ‹ Usually set in the first
nippling up BOP abnormally pressured
‹ Provides a casing seat zone
strong enough to ‹ Provides isolation of
safely close in a well potentially
after a kick troublesome zones
‹ Provides protection of ‹ Provides integrity to
fresh water sands withstand the high
‹ Provides wellbore mud weights
stabilization necessary to reach TD
or the next csg. seat
6
Functions of Casing Individually – cont’d

Production casing Liners

‹ Provides zonal ‹ Drilling liners
isolation (prevents – Same as Intermediate
migration of water to casing
producing zones and ‹ Production liners
isolates different – Same as production
production zones) casing
‹ Confines production to ‹ Tieback liners
wellbore – Tie back drilling or
production liner to the
‹ Provides the surface. Converts liner
environment to install to full string of casing
subsurface completion
equipment

7
 Types of Strings of Casing
Diameter Example
1. Drive Pipe or Structural
Pile (Gulf Coast and
16”-60” 30”
offshore only)
150’-300’ BML
2. Conductor String
16”-48” 20”
100’ - 1,600’ BML
3. Surface Pipe
85/8”-20” 133/8”
2,000’ - 4,000’ BML

8
 Types of Strings of Casing – cont’d

Diameter Example
4. Intermediate
75/8”-133/8” 95/8”
String

5. Production String 4½”-95/8” 7”

6. Liner(s)

7. Tubing String(s)

9
Example Hole and String Sizes (in)
Hole Size Pipe Size

36” Structural casing 30”

26” Conductor string 20”

17½” Surface pipe 133/8”

12¼” Intermediate String 95/8”

83/8” Production Liner 7”

10
 Classification of CSG.
‹ Outside diameter of pipe (e.g. 95/8”)
‹ Wall thickness (e.g. ½”)
‹ Grade of material (e.g. N-80)
‹ Type to threads and couplings (e.g. API
LCSG)
‹ Length of each joint (e.g. Range III)
‹ Nominal weight (e.g. 47 lb/ft)

11
Most Common Minimum Yield Ultimate Tensile
Grades Strength (KPSI) Strength (KPSI)
H-40 40 60
J-55 55 75
K-55 55 95
C-75 75 95
L-80 80 95
N-80 80 100
C-90 90 100
C-95 95 105
P-110 110 125
V-150 150 160

12
Length of Casing Joints

LENGTH
RANGE
(ft)

I 16 - 25

II 25 - 34

III > 34

13
 Casing Threads and Couplings

‹ API round threads – short ( CSG )

‹ API round thread - long ( LCSG )
‹ Buttress ( BCSG )
‹ Extreme line ( XCSG )
‹ Other …

See Halliburton Book...

14
Casing Threads and Couplings – cont’d

Rounded Threads Square Threads Integral Joint

•8 threads per inch •Longer •Smaller ID, OD
•4½” to 20” •Stronger •Costs more
•4½” to 20” •Strong
•5” to 103/4”
15
16
17
 Wellhead & Christmas Tree
•Wellhead
•Hang Casing Strings
•Provide Seals

•Christmas Tree
•Control Production
from Well

18
Wellhead & Christmas Tree – cont’d

19
 Casing Performance - Uniaxial
Loadings
‹ Axial Tension (couplings & body)

‹ Burst Pressure

‹ Collapse Pressure

‹ Bending

‹ Buckling

20
 Casing Performance - Uniaxial

‹ Tension Strength/Failure

21
 Tension Strength
‹ Tension Strength
– Couplings: API
Tables for various
couplings
– Body (perm. deform.)

π
Ften =
4
(d 2
n )
− d 2 σ yield

Ften = pipe body yield strength

dn = nominal diameter
d = internal diameter
σyield= yield stress

22
 Tension Strength – Example 1

Compute the body-yield strength for a

7”, N-80, 23 lb/ft casing.
Solution:
From API Table (1 & 2)

d n = 7 in
d = 6.366 in
σ yield = 80,000 psi
π
Ften =
4
(7 2
)
− 6.366 2 × 80,000 = 532 kips
23
 Tension Strength Formula

‹ Uses Nominal Diameter

‹ API minimum Thickness 87.5% of
original (nominal) thickness
‹ Yield Strength

‹ Rupture much larger

‹ May deform plastically

24
 Casing Performance - Uniaxial

Burst (Internal Pressure)

‹ Yield the body P
‹ Yield the coupling

‹ Leak the coupling

25
 Burst (Internal Pressure)

‹ Barlow (API allows 87.5% of thickness)

‹ Thin Wall Assumption

2(0.875 t )
Pbr = σ yield
dn

Pbr = pipe body burst pressure

dn = nominal diameter
σyield= yield stress

26
 Burst (Internal Pressure) – Example 2

Compute the body burstpressure for a

7”, N-80, 23 lb/ft casing.
Solution:
‹ From API Table

d n = 7 in
7 − 6.366
d = 6.366 in → t = = 0.317 in
2
σ yield = 80,000 psi
2(0.875 × 0.317 )
Pbr = × 80,000 = 6340 psi
7
27
Collapse (External Pressure)

28
 Collapse (External Pressure) – cont’d

The following factors are important:

‹ The collapse pressure resistance of a pipe
depends on the axial stress (biaxial stress)
‹ There are different regimes of collapse
failure (depends on ratio dn/t)
‹ Yield Strength Collapse (thick wall)
‹ Plastic Collapse

‹ Transition Collapse

‹ Elastic Collapse

(Empirical Formulation from API)

29
 Collapse (External Pressure) – cont’d

‹ Yield Strength Collapse Pressure

⎡ (d n t ) − 1⎤
( pcr )yield = 2(σ yield )e ⎢ 2 ⎥
⎣ (d n t ) ⎦
Pcr = pipe body collapse pressure
dn = nominal diameter
t = wall thickness
(σyield)e= yield stress (effective for biaxial stress)

30
 Collapse (External Pressure) – cont’d

‹ Plastic Collapse Pressure

⎡ F1 ⎤
( pcr ) plastic = (σ yield )e ⎢ − F2 ⎥ − F3
⎣ (d n t ) ⎦
Pcr = pipe body collapse pressure
dn = nominal diameter
t = wall thickness
(σyield)e= yield stress (effective for biaxial stress)
F1, F2, F3, F4, F5, Material (and stress) dependent coefficients

31
 Collapse (External Pressure) – cont’d

‹ Transition Collapse Pressure

⎡ F4 ⎤
( pcr )trans = (σ yield )e ⎢ − F5 ⎥
⎣ (d n t ) ⎦
Pcr = pipe body collapse pressure
dn = nominal diameter
t = wall thickness
(σyield)e= yield stress (effective for biaxial stress)
F1, F2, F3, F4, F5, Material (and stress) dependent coefficients

32
 Collapse (External Pressure) – cont’d

‹ Elastic Collapse Pressure

46.95 ×10 6
( pcr )elast =
(d n t )(d n t − 1) 2

Pcr = pipe body collapse pressure

dn = nominal diameter
t = wall thickness

33
 Collapse (External Pressure) – cont’d

‹ F1, F2, F3, F4, F5 …

‹ These values are for
the uniaxial stress
‹ Different values for
effective yield stress
‹ For Biaxial calculate
the effective Yield
Stress and
interpolate the F’s

(F’s depend on Yield Stress)

34
 Collapse (External Pressure) – cont’d

‹ Upper Limit for Yield Strength Collapse

⎛ ⎞
(F1 − 2) + 8⎜ F2 +
2
⎜ F 3 ⎟ + (F1 − 2 )
⎟
dn ⎝ (σ )
yield e ⎠
≤
t ⎛ F ⎞
⎜
2 F2 + 3 ⎟
⎜ (σ ) ⎟
⎝ yield e ⎠

35
 Collapse (External Pressure) – cont’d

‹ Upper Limit for Plastic Collapse

dn (σ yield ) e (F1 − F4 )
≤
t F3 + (σ yield ) e (F2 − F5 )

36
 Collapse (External Pressure) – cont’d

‹ Upper Limit for Transition Collapse

d n 2 + F2 F1
≤
t 3 F2 F1

37
 Collapse (External Pressure) – cont’d
‹ Boundaries for Axial Stress = 0

38
 Collapse (External Pressure) – Example 3

Calculate the Collapse pressure rating for a 7 in,

N-80, 23 lb/ft casing.

Solution:
Solution 7 in, N-80, 23 lb/ft → t = 0.317 in

Grade F1 F2 F3 F4 F5

N-80 3.071 0.0667 1,955 1.988 0.0434

dn 7
= = 22.08 → Plastic collapse for N-80
t 0.317

39
Collapse (External Pressure) – Example 3

⎡ F1 ⎤
( pcr ) plastic = (σ yield ) ⎢ − F2 ⎥ − F3
⎣ ( dn t )
e
⎦

⎡ 3.071 ⎤
( pcr ) plastic = 80,000 × ⎢ − 0.0667 ⎥ − 1,955 = 3,836 psi
⎣ 22.08 ⎦

40
 Triaxial Collapse
‹ Effect of Axial Stress in the Collapse
Resistance – Effective Yield Stress
‹ Von Mises Criteria (Distortion Energy)
‹ Material fails (ductile – yield failure) when
total distortion energy equals uniaxial test
energy

(σ z − σ r ) + (σ r − σ t ) + (σ t − σ z ) ≤ 2σ
2 2 2 2
yield

41
 Triaxial Collapse – cont’d

‹ Triaxial

⎛ σ z + pi ⎞ ⎛ σ z + pi ⎞
2

(σ )
yield e = σ 2
yield − 3⎜ ⎟ + 3σ z pi − ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠
‹ Biaxial
⎛σz ⎞
(σ )
yield e = σ 2
yield − 0.75σ z
2
−⎜ ⎟
⎝ 2 ⎠
(σyield)e = effective yield stress
σyield = uniaxial stress t
σz = axial stress
pi = internal pressure (pi >> po)

42
 Triaxial Collapse – cont’d

Linear Interpolation for F’s

‹ F’s depend on Yield Stress

‹ For σA < σe < σB interpolate using (linear)

σe −σ A
Fe = FA + (FB − FA )
σ B −σ A

43
 F’s Formulas (API Bull. 5C3)

F1 = 2.8762 + 0.10679 ×10 −5 σ Y + 0.21301× 10 −10 σ Y2 − 0.53132 ×10 −16 σ Y3

F2 = 0.026233 + 0.50609 ×10 −6 σ Y
F3 = −465.93 + 0.030867σ Y − 0.10483 × 10 −7 σ Y2 + 0.36989 ×10 −13 σ Y3
3
⎡ 3( F2 / F1 ) ⎤
46.95 × 10 ⎢ 6
⎥
⎣ 2 + ( F / F1 ⎦
)
F4 = 2
2
⎡ 3( F2 / F1 ) ⎤⎡ 3( F2 / F1 ) ⎤
σY ⎢ − ( F2 / F1 )⎥ ⎢1 − ⎥
⎣ 2 + ( F2 / F1 ) ⎦⎣ 2 + ( F2 / F1 ⎦
)
F5 = F4 ( F2 / F1 )

44
 Triaxial Collapse – Example 4

‹ For the casing of Example 3, calculate the

corrected critical collapse pressure if a
section of 2000 ft, 7 in, N-80, 23 lbm/ft
casing is suspended below it (assume
linear weight of 23 lbf/ft and empty
borehole - no buoyancy effect). What is
the corrected collapse pressure if the
internal pressure is 1000 psi?

45
 Triaxial Collapse – Example 4

Solution:
Weight of Casing Below Point in Question

F = 2000 ft × 23 lbf/ft = 46,000 lbf

Cross Section Area

π (7 2 − 6.366 2 )
Ac = = 6.6555 in 2
4
Axial Stress

46,000 lbf
σz = 2
= 6,912 psi
6.6555 in

46
 Triaxial Collapse – Example 4

Effective Yield Stress (biaxial)

⎛σ z ⎞
(σ )
yield e = σ 2
yield − 0.75σ z
2
−⎜ ⎟
⎝ 2 ⎠

(σ )
yield e
2 ⎛ 6,912 ⎞
= 80,000 − 0.75 × 6,912 − ⎜ ⎟ = 76,320 psi
2

⎝ 2 ⎠

(an equivalent “N-76.32”)

47
 Triaxial Collapse – Example 4

Interpolated F’s
Grade F1 F2 F3 F4 F5
C-75 3.054 0.0642 1,806 1.990 0.0418
“N-76.32” 3.058 0.0649 1,845 1.992 0.0422
N-80 3.071 0.0667 1,955 1.998 0.0434

API F’s Formulas (MsExcel Spreadsheet)

σy ield 76320
F1 F2 F3 F4 F5
3.058 0.0649 1845 1.992 0.0422

48
 Triaxial Collapse – Example 4
dn 7
Collapse Regime = = 22.08
t 0.317

‹ Yield Regime U-Limit:

⎛ ⎞
(F1 − 2) + 8⎜⎜ F2 +
2 F 3 ⎟ + (F1 − 2 )
⎟
dn ⎝ (σ yield ) e ⎠
≤
t ⎛ F ⎞
2⎜ F2 + 3 ⎟
⎜ (σ yield ) e ⎟⎠
⎝

⎛ 1,845 ⎞
(3.058 − 2) + 8⎜ 0.0649 +
2
⎟ + (3.058 − 2)
⎝ 76,320 ⎠
= 13.54 < 22.08
⎛ 1,845 ⎞
2⎜ 0.0649 + ⎟
⎝ 76,320 ⎠
49
 Triaxial Collapse – Example 4

Plastic Regime U-Limit:

dn (σ yield ) e (F1 − F4 )
≤
t F3 + (σ yield ) e (F2 − F5 )

76,320 × (3.058 − 1.992 )

22.08 ≤ = 22.79
1,845 + 76,320 × (0.0649 − 0.0422 )

Collapse occurs in the Plastic Regime

50
 Triaxial Collapse – Example 4

Plastic Collapse Strength

⎡ F ⎤
( p ) = (σ ) ⎢ −F ⎥−F 1

⎣ (d n t )
cr plastic yield e 2 3
⎦

⎡ 3.058 ⎤
( pcr ) plastic = 76,320 × ⎢ − 0.0649⎥ − 1,845 = 3,772 psi
⎣ 22.08 ⎦

(compare with 3,830 psi for the unstressed

casing)

51
 Triaxial Collapse – Example 4

Effect of Internal Pressure

Critical pressure expressions are for pressure
differential. However, the effective yield stress
should account or the internal pressure, since
the yield will start at the internal wall.

The triaxial expression must be used:

⎛ σ z + pi ⎞ ⎛ σ z + pi ⎞
2

(σ )
yield e = σ 2
yield − 3⎜ ⎟ + 3σ z pi − ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠

52
 Triaxial Collapse – Example 4

⎛ 6.912 + 1 ⎞ ⎛ 6.912 + 1 ⎞
2

(σ )
yield e = 80 − 3 ⎜
⎝ 2
2
⎟ + 3 × 6.912 × 1 − ⎜
⎠ ⎝ 2
⎟
⎠

(σ ) yield e = 75.800 ksi = 75,800 psi

σy ield 75800
F1 F2 F3 F4 F5
3.056 0.0646 1830 1.991 0.0421

⎡ 3.056 ⎤
( pcr ) plastic = 75,800 × ⎢ − 0.0646 ⎥ − 1,830 = 3, 764 psi
⎣ 22.08 ⎦

( pext )max = 3, 764 + 1, 000 = 4, 764 psi

53
Pressure Collapse Table

54
 Casing Design Criteria
Biaxial Method or Uniaxial Method
‹ Burst
– Conductor
– Surface and Intermediate Casing
– Production Casing
‹ Collapse

‹ Tension

55
 Casing Design Criteria – cont’d

Burst Conductor:
– External pressure is zero
– The maximum internal pressure is the
formation fracture pressure at the depth of the
conductor set depth. If the fracture pressure is
unknown, assume ∇pff=1 psi/ft
– F.S.=1.1
– Neglect the gas density inside the conductor

56
Burst of Conductor

57
 Casing Design Criteria – cont’d

Burst of Surface & Intermediate Csg.:

‹ External pressure: hydrostatic pressure of the heaviest mud
used to drill the hole and set the casing
‹ Internal pressure: based on pore pressure at the final depth
of the next casing. If the pore pressure at the bottom of the
next casing is not known, assume the following:

⎧∇p p = 0.564 psi/ft Depth next casing < 8000 ft

⎨
⎩∇p p = 0.650 psi/ft Depth next casing ≥ 8000 ft
‹ Assume that a fraction f (usually not less than 40%) of the
length is evacuated by gas and (1-f) fraction of the length
remains filled with drilling fluid.
‹ Neglect the gas density inside the conductor.
‹ F.S.=1.1
‹ Worse scenario at the top of string

58
Burst of Surf. & Interm. Csg.

59
 Casing Design Criteria – cont’d
Burst of Production Casing:
‹ External pressure: hydrostatic pressure due to formation saltwater (SGsw
= 1.1542)
‹ Internal pressure: based on pore pressure at the final depth Dc
(production depth). If the pore pressure at the bottom of the casing is not
known assume the following:

⎧∇p p = 0.564 psi/ft Depth casing < 8000 ft

⎨
⎩∇p p = 0.650 psi/ft Depth casing ≥ 8000 ft
‹ Assumed the whole internal casing filled with gas (gas lift production)
‹ Pressure inside the casing determined as follows:
DC − D
−
Mg
( DC − D ) −
pi = pb e RT
≅ pb e 40000

‹ F.S.=1.1 is used
‹ Worse scenario at the top of string

60
Burst of Production Casing

61
 Casing Design Criteria – cont’d

Collapse:
‹ Collapse due to fluid in the annulus between the
casing and the borehole
‹ Considered the heaviest drilling fluid used to drill
the hole and set the casing
‹ Assume casing empty
‹ No buoyancy
‹ F.S.=1.0 (neglect the strengthening effect of
cement; most of the casing will not be empty)
‹ Worse scenario at the bottom of string

62
Collapse of Casing

63
 Casing Design Criteria – cont’d

Tension:
‹ Corresponds to the weight of the
casing weight measured in the air
(no buoyancy effect)
‹ F.S.:
– 1.6 for couplings
– 1.8 for casing body
‹ Worse scenario at the bottom of string

64
 Casing Design Example
Evaluate the burst and collapse pressure
loadings and design an appropriate surface
casing using the biaxial method. Check for
axial load.
– Setting depth of the casing string: 4000 ft
– Mud density as setting the string: 10.0 lb/gal
– Setting depth of the next csg. string: 11000 ft
– Mud density of the next phase: 10.5 lb/gal
– Casing size and coupling: 103/4” Buttress
threads, minimum grade K-55
– Assume f = 40%.

65
 Casing Design Example cont’d

Burst Loading (this is a surface csg.)

‹ External Pressure:

po(psi) = 0.052 x 10 lb/gal x D(ft)

po = 0.52 x D

66
 Casing Design Example cont’d

‹ Internal Pressure:
∇pp=0.650 psi/ft (Dnc>8,000 ft)
pp = 11,000 x 0.650 = 7,150 psi
(1-0,4)xDnc = 6,600 ft
p6600= 7,150-0.052x10.5x6,600=3,546 psi

pi= 3,546 psi

67
 Casing Design Example cont’d

Burst Pressure – cont’d:

F.S. = 1.1

pab = (pi-po)

pab= 3,546 – 0.52D

68
 Casing Design Example cont’d

Collapse Loading

‹ External Pressure:
po = 0.52 x D
‹ Internal pressure = 0 psi

‹ F.S. = 1.0

pac = 0.52 x D
69
 Casing Design Example cont’d
Design for Burst
‹ Start at bottom (minimum burst pressure)

pab,4000 = 3,546 – 0.52 x 4000 = 1,466 psi

Cheapest casing: (p.320-321)

K-55, 40.50 lb/ft, Burst Strength 3,130 psi

Minimum depth that can go:

pab,D = 3,546 – 0.52 x D = 3130 psi / 1.1
Dmin = 1347 ft

70
 Casing Design Example cont’d

‹ Continue with next cheapest Casing

K-55, 45.50 lb/ft, Burst Strength 3,580 psi

Minimum depth that can go:

pab,D = 3,546 – 0.52 x D = 3,580 psi / 1.1
Dmin = 561 ft

71
 Casing Design Example cont’d

‹ Continue with next cheapest Casing

K-55, 51.00 lb/ft, Burst Strength 4,030 psi

Minimum depth that can go:

pab,D = 3,546 – 0.52 x D = 4,030 psi / 1.1
Dmin = -226 ft (above surface)

72
 Casing Design Example cont’d
Burst Diagram

0 ft
103/4 K-55 51.00 lb/ft
561 ft
103/4 K-55 45.50 lb/ft

1347 ft

103/4 K-55 40.50 lb/ft

4000 ft 73
 Casing Design Example cont’d
Design for Collapse (uniaxial)
‹ Start at top (minimum collapse pressure)
pac = 0.52 x D

Cheapest casing:
K-55, 40.50 lb/ft, Collapse Strength 1,580 psi

Maximum depth that can go:

pac,D = 0.52 x D = 1,580 psi / 1.0
Dmax = 3,038 ft

74
 Casing Design Example cont’d

‹ Continue with next cheapest Casing

K-55, 45.50 lb/ft, Collapse Strength 2,090 psi

Maximum depth that can go:

pac,D = 0.52 x D = 2,090 psi / 1.0
Dmax = 4.019 ft

75
 Casing Design Example cont’d
Collapse Diagram

0 ft

103/4 K-55 40.50 lb/ft

3038 ft

103/4 K-55 45.50 lb/ft

4000 ft 76
 Casing Design Example cont’d
Combine Two Diagrams

0 ft
103/4 K-55 51.00 lb/ft
561 ft
103/4 K-55 45.50 lb/ft

1347 ft
burst
+ = 103/4 K-55 40.50 lb/ft

collapse
3038 ft
103/4 K-55 45.50 lb/ft

4000 ft
77
 Casing Design Example cont’d

Collapse Adjustment (Biaxial)

Start at bottom (Iterative Process)
‹ No need to check at bottom of 45.50 lb/ft
‹ Bottom of 103/4 K-55 40.50 lb/ft - 3,038 ft

d n 10.75
= = 30.71
t 0.350
π
A=
4
(10.75 2
− 10.050 2
) = 11.44 in 2

W = 45.50 lb/ft × (4000 ft − 3038 ft) = 43, 771 lbf

43, 771 lbf
σz = 2
= 3,828 psi
11.44 in
78
 Casing Design Example cont’d

‹ Effective Yield Stress (biaxial)

⎛ 3,828 ⎞
(σ yield )e = 55, 0002 − 0.75 × 3,8282 − ⎜
⎝ 2 ⎠
⎟ = 52,986 psi

σy ield 52986
F1 F2 F3 F4 F5
2.985 0.0530 1146 1.994 0.0354

79
Casing Design Example cont’d
‹ Yield Regime U-Limit

⎛ 1,146 ⎞
( 2.985 − 2 ) + 8 ⎜ 0.0530 + + ( 2.985 − 2 )
2
⎟
⎝ 52,987 ⎠
= 14.98 < 30.71
⎛ 1,146 ⎞
2 ⎜ 0.0530 + ⎟
⎝ 52,987 ⎠

Not Yield Regime

80
 Casing Design Example cont’d
‹ Plastic Regime U-Limit

52,987 × (2.985 − 1.994 )

= 25.26 < 30.71
1,146 + 52,987 × (0.0530 − 0.0354)

Not Plastic Regime

81
Casing Design Example cont’d
‹ Transition Regime U-Limit

2 + 0.0530 2.985
= 37.84 < 30.71
3 × 0.0530 2.985

Collapse occurs in the Transition Regime

82
 Casing Design Example cont’d

‹ Transition Collapse Pressure

⎡1.994 ⎤
( pcr )trans = 52,986 × ⎢ − 0.0354 ⎥ = 1,562 psi
⎣ 30.71 ⎦

Maximum depth that can go:

pac,D = 0.52 x D = 1,562 psi / 1.0
Dmax = 3,004 ft

83
 Casing Design Example cont’d
‹ 2nd Iteration
‹ Bottom of 103/4 K-55 40.50 lb/ft - 3,001 ft

W = 45.50 lb/ft × (4000 ft − 3009 ft) = 45,318 lbf

45,318 lbf
σz = 2
= 3,963 psi
11.44 in

84
 Casing Design Example cont’d

‹ Effective Yield Stress (biaxial)

⎛ 3,963 ⎞
(σ )
yield e = 55, 000 2
− 0.75 × 3,9632
−⎜
⎝ 2 ⎠
⎟ = 52,911 psi

σy ield 52911
F1 F2 F3 F4 F5
2.984 0.0530 1143 1.994 0.0354

85
 Casing Design Example cont’d
‹ Plastic Regime U-Limit

52,911× ( 2.985 − 1.994 )

= 25.26 < 30.71
1,144 + 52,911× ( 0.0530 − 0.0354 )

Not Plastic Regime

86
 Casing Design Example cont’d
‹ Transition Regime U-Limit

2 + 0.0530 2.985
= 37.86 > 30.71
3 × 0.0530 2.985

Collapse occurs in the Transition Regime

87
 Casing Design Example cont’d
‹ Transition Collapse Pressure

⎡1.994 ⎤
( pcr )trans = 52,911× ⎢ − 0.0354⎥ = 1,561 psi
⎣ 30.71 ⎦

Maximum depth that can go:

pac,D = 0.52 x D = 1,561 psi / 1.0
Dmax = 3,002 ft

Close Enough!

88
 Casing Design Example cont’d
Final Diagram

0 ft
1 103/4 K-55 51.00 lb/ft
561 ft
2
103/4 K-55 45.50 lb/ft

1347 ft
3

→ 103/4 K-55 40.50 lb/ft

3006 ft
3038 ft 4
103/4 K-55 45.50 lb/ft

4000 ft
89
 Casing Design Example cont’d

‹ Check for Tension

‹ Critical section: Top of section 3
– Axial Load

W=45.50x(4000-3006)+40.50x(3006-1347)=112,417 lbf

103/4 K-55 40.50 lb/ft

– Body Strength: 629 kips/1.8 = 349 kips
– Coupling Strength: 819 kips/1.6 = 512 kips

90
 Csg. Design & Pore Pressure

pressure

Abnormal
∇P: >0.4365 psi/ft
depth

Normal
∇P: 0.433-0.4365 psi/ft
91
 Casing Set Depth
‹ Need for:
– Pore Pressure
Gradient
– Formation
Fracture
Gradient

92