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Groundwater Hydrology Fwsee G3 Sec B&C Sem II 2021

Groundwater is water located underground in saturated zones beneath the land surface. It accounts for about 22% of the world's total fresh water. Groundwater interacts with the hydrological cycle through processes like infiltration, percolation, and groundwater flow. The rate of groundwater recharging depends on factors like the depth of the groundwater table, soil and aquifer properties, and precipitation levels. Hydrological budgets track the continuity of surface water and groundwater by accounting for inputs, outputs, storage changes, and flows between surface water and groundwater.

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Obsii W Busha Lalo
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39 views

Groundwater Hydrology Fwsee G3 Sec B&C Sem II 2021

Groundwater is water located underground in saturated zones beneath the land surface. It accounts for about 22% of the world's total fresh water. Groundwater interacts with the hydrological cycle through processes like infiltration, percolation, and groundwater flow. The rate of groundwater recharging depends on factors like the depth of the groundwater table, soil and aquifer properties, and precipitation levels. Hydrological budgets track the continuity of surface water and groundwater by accounting for inputs, outputs, storage changes, and flows between surface water and groundwater.

Uploaded by

Obsii W Busha Lalo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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12/3/2021

GROUNDWATER HYDROLOGY What is groundwater?


FWSEE G3 sec B&C  Groundwater is water that exists underground in
saturated zones beneath the land surface.
Sem II 2021
 Groundwater accounts about 22% of total fresh water.
 Application of groundwater world wide

By Abeanether Lukas
Email:[email protected]

 Basic terminologies  Terminologies in hydrological cycle


• Hydrology….the study of water science. • Precipitation: Any form of water which falls on the earth
• Hydrological cycle…. the natural sequence through surface
which water passes into the atmosphere as water • Evaporation: Transfer of water in to atmosphere from water
vapor, precipitates to earth in liquid or solid form, bodies bare land
and ultimately returns to the atmosphere through • Transpiration: Process by w/c water in plants transferred to
evaporation. atmosphere
• Hydrogeology….the study of movement and • Infiltration: Process of water entering to soil from RF, snow
melt and irrigation
distribution of groundwater in their parental
materials. • Percolation: Process of water entry to the saturated zone or
shallow GWT
• Geology….the study of earth science. • Surface run-off: The flow of water over the land surface
• Groundwater flow: The movement of water in sub-surface

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12/3/2021

Interaction between groundwater and hydrological cycle  The Concept of Hydrosphere


Water on earth circulates in a space called the hydrosphere
which extends about 15km up in to the atmosphere and
1km down into the lithosphere and this constant circulation
and exchange of water is known as hydrologic cycle.

15km

Earth surface

1km

Groundwater recharging Hydrological Budget


Groundwater recharging is of two types • Generally, hydrological budget is the measure of water
Natural recharging system and resource for sustainable utilization.
Artificial recharging HB is categorized as Surface WHB and Groundwater HB.
The rate of recharging groundwater has been depending on: • Surface water hydrological budget: is the measure of the
continuity of surface water. And mathematically given by
Depth of GWT P+Qin-Qout+Qq-ETs-I=ΔSs
 Characteristics of surface and sub surface soil
• Where: P = Precipitation
Aquifer properties
Qin= Surface flow in to the system
The General equation for groundwater recharging rate is given by
R= k (p–x) K X P
Qout= Surface flow out of the system
Where: R= rate of recharge
0.2 400 400-600
Qq =Groundwater flow in to the system
K= Constant values
ETs = Surface Evapotranspiration
P= Precipitation 0.25 400 600-1000
X= constant value I = Infiltration
0.35 600 Above 2000
ΔSs = Change in storage in surface water

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Cont… Cont…
• Groundwater hydrological budget: is the measure of the
continuity of Groundwater. And mathematically given by P+Qin-Qout+Qq-Es-Ts-I=ΔSs, Gin-Gout-Qq-Eg-Tg+I=ΔSg
I+Gin-Gout-Qg-ETg=ΔSg ΔS= ΔSs+ ΔSg
• Where: I = Infiltration ΔS=( P+Qin-Qout+Qq-Es-Ts-I)+ (Gin-Gout-Qq-Eg-Tg+I)
Gin= Groundwater flow in to the system ΔS= P-( Qout- Qin)-( Gout- Gin)-( Qq- Qq)-(Es-Eg)-(Ts-Tg)-(I-I)
Gout= Groundwater flow out of the system
Qq =Groundwater flow in the system Finally,
ETg = Surface Evapotranspiration ΔS=P-Q-G-E-T
ΔSg = Change in storage in groundwater

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