Instructor’s Solutions Manual to accompany INTRODUCTORY CIRCUIT ANALYSIS Tenth Edition Robert L. Boylestad Upper Saddle River, New Jersey Columbus, OhioCopyright © 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information regarding permission(s), write to: Rights and Permissions Department. Instructors of classes using Boylestad, Introductory Circuit Analysis, Tenth Edition, may reproduce material from the instructor's solutions manual for classroom use. 10987654321 ao ue te eI ISBN. 0-13-048665-5Contents CHAPTER 1 (Odd) CHAPTER 1 (Even) CHAPTER 2 (Odd) CHAPTER 2 (Even) CHAPTER 3 (Odd) CHAPTER 3 (Even) CHAPTER 4 (Odd) CHAPTER 4 (Even) CHAPTER 5 (Odd) CHAPTER 5 (Even) CHAPTER 6 (Odd) CHAPTER 6 (Even) CHAPTER 7 (Odd) CHAPTER 7 (Even) CHAPTER 8 (Odd) CHAPTER 8 (Even) CHAPTER 9 (Odd) CHAPTER 9 (Even) CHAPTER 10 (Odd) CHAPTER 10 (Even) CHAPTER 11 (Odd) CHAPTER 11 (Even) CHAPTER 12 (Odd) CHAPTER 12 (Even) CHAPTER 13 (Odd) CHAPTER 13 (Even) CHAPTER 14 (Odd) CHAPTER 14 (Even) ae B 7 21 24 27 31 35 41 52 58 67 7 87 108 116 119 123 130 139 143 146 152CHAPTER 15 CHAPTER 15 CHAPTER 16 CHAPTER 16 CHAPTER 17 (Odd) (Even) (Odd) (Even) (Odd) CHAPTER 17 (Even) CHAPTER 18 CHAPTER 18 CHAPTER 19 CHAPTER 19 CHAPTER 20 CHAPTER 20 CHAPTER 21 CHAPTER 21 CHAPTER 22 CHAPTER 22 CHAPTER 23 CHAPTER 23 CHAPTER 24 CHAPTER 24 CHAPTER 25, CHAPTER 25, CHAPTER 26 CHAPTER 26 iv (Odd) (Even) (Oda) (Even) (Odd) (Even) (Odd) (Even) (Odd) (Even) (Odd) (Even) (Odd) (Even) (Odd) (Even) (Odd) (Even) 157 168 181 184 188 196 207 221 236 242 248 256 263 267 270 278 285 301 316 320 324 329 334 340CHAPTER 1 (Odd) 3. 12 7. cGs 5 3 3 5 Seep — 32) = 5068 - 32) = 36) = 9. BCE — 32) = 3(68 ~ 32) = 506) = 20 K: K = 273.15 + °C = 273.15 +2 nm oseel sel [ie] Ae] 293.15 45.72. em Ba 15x 10 b. 30x 10-9 74x 106 a 68x 10°% e402 x 10-6 £200 x 10-? 15. a (10)(102) = 104 bv, — (1077)(108) = 10 c 10? 4. (101075) = 107? ge, (10-)(10 x 105) = 10 £.—(10*)(10-8)(10°) = 10°" 2 moa Bawt v0? < 10+ « Mew 1 a 103 7 2 ot a We? e W108 WPF, 10! ae 1 104 107 19. a (10)? = 108 blo)! = 10-2 cc. (10898 = 10 4. (10-7 = 10-8 21. a (1073 = 10-6 b. (0 F{t07) , (10°10) | 10 _yg-s io? io 10 ce, Hort 10) _ (10"4107) _ 10" _ g-16 10 10° 10 woo}? a gt [a?Ffio-3} oor} (oua)27. + =3 haere a. 6_x 10° = 0,006 x 10* b 4x 10% = x 10 Se ee = + 7 23k 5Q_x 10° = 5000 x 10° = 5_x 10° = 0.005 x 10° SSX 2 = 3 1s mis [Se ons] te] = 0.05 x 108 ps = 50 x 10° ps ¥] wl z 7a = 0.16 x 10 mm = 160 mm , sea tp le [Ly] - oem wl 5] -sne [aah z| 7 = 2.56 sce = 2696 CHAPTER 129. 31 33. 35. 31 39. 4 4a. 45, (oud) ] = 3.2187 m Lyd 8 [538] ~ soar sa we [3937] [ise] [mi [or] [60.0 aon.rnsss | OH | [satel [rose [SF = 670,615,288.1 mph = 670.62 % 106 mph 356] [10] ~ o.0sseai wos [75] [so sess = d | 0.0568 se =2 pl 60 sist] [60 : (= Sa «oa 2 0 3) «20 5 39.37 int] [1 imi} _ 1 e6mi 22 [i] id em a, 3000 a 1612.98 = 672 days Y 1.86: i 100, yas | 24°) | 1 in.) — 3609 in, =» 3600 quarters = $900 T9e| [ae 60s Tame [ozone [5] wk 4 = 6s (8 - min _ 10.7833 min _ ‘mile = ‘0.228 miles = 4.74 x 1073 Bou [pata .2096 x 105 s [ 0.228 miles im]. wos] = 345.6 m = 7.098 x 10-4 m? 2113.38 pints 2nd F] [ENTER] ‘2nd F| = 2.949CHAPTER 1 (Even) 4. 10. 12. 4. 16. 18, orf [5280 ft 1 . fin 0m [7 [ads = 4400 fi a oem [5S] b oa] - con MKs 0.7378 tb 10007] 22 SB) 737.8 febs a wb ot ew ka 5.8042 x 10° a. 4.2 x 10° + 6,800 x 10? = 6,804.2 x 10° b. 9 x 104 + 0.36 x 104 = 9.36 x 104 ec. 50x 10-5 - 6 x 10-5 = 44 x 10-5 = 4.4 x 10-4 d. 1.2 x 10 + 0.05 x 10° - 0.6 x 10° = 0.65 x 10° = 6.5 x 17 150 x 10! = 1.5 x 10! a. (530 X 103 x 10 b. @.2 x 109) x 107) = 17.6 x 10! = 1.76 x 17 = 574 x 1071! = 5.74 x 1079 ce. 82 x 10-57 x 107 4. GO x 10-42 x 10-4)(7 x 108) = 420 x 10? = 4.2 x 107 a 2X1 W925 x 108 = 2.5 x 107 8x 10> 3 pb, 4.08 x 10" _ 0.068 x 107 = 6.8 x 10-* 0x 10° 4 ce. 2S x10" 20.43 x 10! = 4.3 x 10° 5x 10% a BX _ 95 x 1015 = 1.95 x 1096 4x 10% a 2.2 x 109) = (2.2)3 x (10°)? = 10.65 x 10? = 1.065 x 101° b. 6 x 10-4 x 10%)* = (6 x 10-%)* = GF x (10-)* = 1296 x 10-8 = 1.296 x 10-5 ce. (4x 1073 x 6 x 10°)? = 24 x 10°? = 2.47 = 5.76 CHAPTER 1(Even) (@ x 10-)0.8 x 10°)0.003 x 10%)? = (4.8 x 10>? = 4.8)? x 109? = 110.6 x 10° = 1.106 x 10 6 x 10F10%) _ © x 10°(10%) _ 9 x 10° gy 192 - 909 10 10? 1 (x 108? , 16 x 108 gy agit wr ex" (6x 1? | 36% 10° 9, ag exw 4x 107 93 2 7 x 0-9! 3 x07 1 9 21 x 108 axiot 7 ls x 10°F] foo) | (06 x 10815 2 10%) _ 48 x10" 94 1010 240 x 10? 2x 107 2x 107 2x 107 (16 x 107§)7(1055(2 x 10-2) = (4 x 1073)(10°5)(2 x 10-2) = 8 x 10 800 x 1018 [sx 10°F fr x 105Ffs x 107F _ 7 x 10°49 x 10°") 64 x 10°) [o%¥e x 10-4]! ox = 84672 x 10° 3x 107 = 28,224 x 1074 = 282.24 x 107? i o 2000 x 107% s = 2.0 x 10°? s = 2 ms decrease by @) 0.04 x 10-7 5 = 40 x 10° s = 40 ps, decrezaby (3) 0.06 x 10-* F = 69 x 10°? F = 60 nF increase by (6) 8400 x 10717 5 = 0.0084 x 10°© s = 0,0084 ps26. 32. ecreaeby (8) 0.006 x 10° m = 6000 x 10-3 m = 6000 m 1? inreaeby @) 260 x 10° x 10-3 m= 0.26 x 10? m = 0.26 km one ez] LE] on x tyr = hae 10? F ory | 2] - are 63.9 x 107 wf [Sz] = 63.9 x 10"! em = 6.39. em ‘ corsa Ls] = 0.016 10 p= 16 gm 10° pr] 60 om? = eevee 352 [0%] = 60 x 10-4 m? 1 33 = 1760 yds Gea] =] -— EF ott ft] ] = CHAPTER 1ea sop 102] [2x] [ | [ 1 mi - “Tsar | [ar | | 72 | | 3280.7] = 6.214 mi pad. 821430 49.39 min 3° Tar 5S min my @ | 3000 sri" 36, SS mph: om S = SOE = S485 a 65 mph: 1 = 4 = 3000.27. aeasn 0” ee a 38. 40, 2 (even) sees] - = 72.000 [ENTER] = 53.13CHAPTER 2 (Odd) 3. a redm Fa Pi _ 9 x 10% wO2 uc) r dm _ 6 x 10% x 10°) | 18 x 109 | e = 1 - 8 mN 18 x 10% , 18 x 107 3 bo r=3m: F= mN 3 3 cre lm: Fe 18% 103 _ 18 x 10) ao? a 5, pa Mi _ © x12 MOG uC) _ 2 re 7 a r=05m,F= ws 2 reimF= 2 onn a resmP=% ~288n a r= 10m,F= 0.72. N ao? Ee 1 Fo MO 9 11% 3 9.0, - 41.) = 72 @my k a pa PM 12 an r ao? b. QQ) = 120, = 20, 72 = 1040; = @ x 1PKOY2Q) = 9 x 10°07) ee 18 x 10° 2 a =o, 0 nC 2p = 20; = 22 x 105 C) = 40 4c 9 2 2- AOC tT GOH LA ll. Q= Ir = (750 x 10°a)(120 s) = 90 8 CHAPTER 213. 21.847 x 10! electrons | —___1€ _] =35¢ 6.242 x 10" electrons 15. 2. TC sistas ines TICS Q = I= 2 mA\O.01 ps) = 2 x 10“ C I 6.242 x 10! electrons le ° te 2x sorig [$20 108 set] 2] = 1.248 x 108 ¢ = $1.248 x 106 1. b. Q = It = (100 pA\(1.5 ns) = 1.5 x 1078 C isewrhe [e222 soe fa) > &) 19. W= VQ = (42 V)(6C) = 2523 a. 23 29. From Fig. 2.188 ‘mAb rating _ 425 mAh _ ous) = Tay 30m 7M a th y= AM A Th = Ah 2 ake Ramone © A: 40. A= 1.5:1 (50% more) (Odd)one 60 sis) ( 60 on cisasannss (8) [05 W = QV = (10,799.91 C)(12 V) = 129.6 kJ 4['©1) <2. ©. Ayn 23] -20 Q = It = (2.5 A)(240 s) = 600 C 10 CHAPTER 2CHAPTER 2 (Even) 2, 10. 12. 4 16. (Even) — #212 _ @ x 10%I1.6 x 107cP F P (6 x 107! m? x 10? x 10°38 = 23.04 x 10? x 1078 | 23.04 19-7 © 0.092 uN 25 x 10 r= imi: 5280 12 jaf. im [224] [225] [uh] - 95 4210, | (9 x 1098 x 10° cao x 10°6 c) _ 2880 x 10° ee Fe r (1609.35 m)* 2.59 x 106 1.11 aN b= 001m: 3 3 pa 1Oi@ , 2880 x 10° _ 2880 10 _ 969 5 105 = 28.8 KN z (07F 1 ja. im = este] m0 3 3 Hi, | 2980 x 107 2880 x 107 _ as6 545 10? N F 280 x 107? 2880 x 10 7” so x10 wp 253 x 10% = 1138.34 kN pu 12102, [80102 _ [> x 1070 x 10°F _ yay 7 F 3.6 x 10" Q. 0c _ t= 7s 7 BA Q= t= OAH) = 400 Q=h=A@s = oC 60 C = 60(6.242 x 10!* electrons) = 374,52 x 108 electrons 0,784 x 10'S elperfons | ____1C___} ~ 0.1256 6242 x 10" apenas = 195 mA "18. 50 x 10! elgoteons |____1© ___| = soc 6.242 x 10" elgcteoins 96 x 10°35 ror yi 11.985 mV o W963 Vv T6v 2. Q == Q x 10° A308) = 6C 0. O= =6C v= W223 Gory Q 6c Ww o4s . a= © 243 _ ooi67 wm. g= F = $4. = oo1rc r= 2 ~ OTC 3,344 tT 5x 108s 26. Ah = [0.8 AJ[76 b] = 60.8 Ah 28. @ 100°F = 475 mAh @0°CG2°F) = 455 mAh 30, From Fig. 2.19 = 10.4h @ 50 mA = 3.4h @ 150mA 150 mA: 50 mA = 3:1 3.4h: 10.4 = 1:3 ‘An increase in drain current by a factor of three decreases the time availability to about ‘one-third. 32. For 1 hour, J = 500 mA - oon = @ = Ir = (500 may(t ¥) (500 x 107 4)(3600 s) = 1800. ¢ W=Vvo= ee ae 44. Q = Ir = (10 x 103 A)20 s) = 200 mC W = VO = (12.5 V(200 x 10° C) = 2.55 12 CHAPTER 2CHAPTER 3 (Odd) 1. a 0.5in, = 500 mils ©. 0.004 in. = 4 mils a. d= ¥I@OCM = 40 mils = 0.04in. —b. d= Y900 CM = 30 mills = 0.03 in. cd = 40,000 CM = 200 mils = 0.2in. d. od = YO25 CM = 25 mils = 0.025 in, e d= (75M = 5. Re ol,p=99, soya 1508 0.0045 in, = 4.5 mils, Acyy = (4.5 mils}? = 20.25 CM = pt = 9.9150 A) R= 07 = Goas cM) ~ 338 .78 mils = 0.00278 in. f. d= ¥8I CM = 9 mils = 0.009 in, 1. x = 0.03125" = 31.25 mils, Acyy = (31.25 mils)? = 976.56 CM 1 RA | @.2 0976.56 CM) Fay = BA. 02 0076.56 CM) _ 3,581 R= 05 > i ft 9. & Reaver > Reopper > Retumiaurs b. Silver: R= pL = 290 999 {Ary mil)? T CM @ my 1cM . 1 _ go.3nao %) _ = (0 miley? = Copper: R= 0 Sores 1.087 8 { Acyy = (10 mils)? = 100 CM C750 Aluminum: R = p = 0.34.0 { Aegg = (60 mils)? = 2500 CM ‘A ~ 2500 CM LL, a3" = 3000 mills, 1/2" = 0.5 in, = 500 mils = 3 X 10° mils)(5 x 10° mils = 15 x 10° sq. mils 1s x 10g gis [HO] = 19.108 x 105 cM R= pl = 00304) _ - a1 yo A 19.108 x 10° CM (aa) 131B. 15. a7. 19. 4 1 ane’) = bo R= po = _ _ = 35.599 °4 ~ 79.108 x 10° CM “ 2 Aw d= [4 « | £0.04 in’y 4 7 7 dlyag = 2.7 ils Aca = (225.7 mils)? = 50,940.49 CM 1 at RPA _ pity de Fay Th b = RiloAi _ (800 m&300 £)(40,000 CM) _ and Ra = a * 00 G0 S40.49 cM) ~ 4228 me ew ne twog[222.0) — rasea 1000 b. #18:#8 = 11.493 9:1.1308 9 = 10.164: #18: R= 1009 [S385 Z| = 11.4939 10:1 cc. #18:#8 = 1624.3 CM:16,509 CM = 1:10.164 a. ACM = 230 A/211,600 CM = 1.087 mA/CM eS (1.724 x_10°9)(121.92 em) CBT emy7.62 cay ~ 774 HO (2.825 x_10°6)(121.92 em) (127 cm)(7-62 cm) 35.59 uO CHAPTER 34. decreases = Rel _ 050 M02 in) _ 9 45 5 21 = Af. G2 000 in) - 015i, 23. 234.5 + 234.5 + 10 _ 234.5 + 60 Te 5 5 : 28. C= SCF - 32) = 362 - 32) = 0° (=32°F) c= 300 = 32) = 21.11" 2345" + 211" _ 234. Ta = BASED 5679 Rim 3 k@ b. negative 100 fe = 0.4 ko 2. moog seals imply lineaity 4 1k0= 2308 109 = =2 fe ax| _ 10 ko -1 ko = 321.43 fe [Bfe] ~ “30 fe - 2 fe 321.43 O/fe CHAPTER 3CHAPTER 3 (Even) 2. a. 0.050 in, = 50 mils, Acyg = (50 mils)? = 2500 CM b Aca = (16 mils)? = 256 CM. c. Agu = (300 mils)? = 90 x 10° CM Lin. ; 4 xa = 0.0394 in, = 39.4 mils Aca = (9.4 mils)? = 1852.36 CM . 0,003, = 0.036 in, = 36 mils e ae] ia Acut = (6 mils)? = 1296 CM. P corey [2a] Acyy = (165.4 mils)? = 27,387.16 CM .1654 in. = 165.4 mails eoctare mil a = (10 mils)? = 100 cM Rm pg = 10.37 OO) = 20.40 6 a A= ok = 80) _ sew b. d= Vag = V5 CM = 23.32 mils = 0.0233 in. (40.37)00') _ A = as40cm banger cc. smaller ($00 04 CM) © 67 wet 1. = 2 Ay = Aldon = my val RT AAs th, R Filia, TAV4 and Ry = 8R, = 80.2) = 1.60 AR = 1.60-020=142 1.260 9 ae mu og) ase : 25250) _ m4: on 358 1.136 2 (Even) 7b. Resistance: #14:#11 = 1.136 00.567 9 = 2:1 c. Area: #14: #11 = 4106.8 CM:8234.0CM = 1:2 a 1 _ 0.37980) _ 31.1 CM © 5) e590 cM 6. Rem “xe w bu 10 A= #2 1 _ 40.309 _ 311.1 cM b. - 3111 EM 103,700 cM = #0 RO Fmt 3x ™ ws. 4 in. = 0.1 in. | 2546") = 0.254 em 10 T 2 2 A= 2E 4, 6.100254 em? 6 90806 en? a p= PA. 200.0506 em) _ 55 709 om = 58.7m ° 1.724 x 10% e a 250 x 106 20. 2 =100= . a Ww * a0 * 250m 2. a d=1in, = 1000 mils ‘dow. = (10° mils)? = 108 CM 6 py = RA. GOO" CM) _ cmon v 10° ft bin = 2.54 om gw BEE, O54 om? _ 5 067 om? rT 4 “ 12 in.) [2.54 om pea - 00 f. i] | fk | 30,480 em RA _ (1 m0)(5.067 cm?) 7 gem me 30,480 cm ee ene P2 _ 1.662 x 1077 Q-em -7 kee 662 x 10 ° y T CMa a 236 +0 _ 236 + 100 * Jon — Rm = (0.02 (336) _ R= = 0.028 2 2 B36 234.5 + 30 | 234.5 = 40 Ver (194.5)0.76 9) O76 D — 0.55890 A 18 CHAPTER 32. a, GRE = 20°C, 32°F = 0'C 234.5 + 20 | 234.5 +0 02 p= 2492 OO) 1 549 mo 234.5 212°F = 100 °C 234.5 + 20 | 234.5 + 100 re : = G34.2 mo | R= CADE BD - 2,628 mo AR. = "Cor 5 anno a SPR BO = 7.85 wOl°C or 7.85 x 107§ B/10°C 30. a K= 273.15 + °C b. 2BAS + °C 50 = 273.15 + °C 38.65 = 273.15 + °C Sc = -223.15° "C= —234.5° 234.5 + 20 _ 234.5 ~ 223.15 B45 + 20 _ 234.5 - 234.5 yr "km a R (10 0) = 0.446 0 R= O89 Log Recall ~234.5 Absolute zero (R = 0 0) De, 9 5 °. = 2c +32 = 2(-273.159) + 32 = Fem 20C +32 = 3(-273.15%) + 32 32. R= Rell + apg(t - 20°O)] = 0.4 O[1 + 0.00393(16 — 20)] = 0.4 O[1 — 0.01572] = 0.3949 0.1760 Roominal @2 9), 2 25° rma = 22 2 aooy6s° - 25°) 108 10° R = Ryoniga + AR = 22.176 0 38. #12: Area = 6529 CM 4 = (G2 CM = 80.8 mils = 0.0808 in. xd? _ 110.205 cm)? = .033 cm? a 4 4 = 1MA(0.033 gn = 33 kA >> 200 40. a. times arger be A imes lager 42, 0F C= Scr ~ 32) = $120 ~ 32) = Se@8 = 48.09" Fig. 3.21 — no apparent change from 20° level 2. 10k. (Even) 1952. 56. 58. 6.25 KO and 18.75 ko a. 56,000 + 5% = 56,000 0 + 2800 0 = $3,200 2 — 58,800 2 b. 2000 + 10% = 2200 + 20 = 198 2 - 242.0 c 100+20%=109+20=89- 129 } vs = 11.628 S & Ge 100 + 20%=80-120 150 + 20%= 120-180 c. 0.4545 1S 2.2 x 10° 2 G, > G, > GvsR, > Ry > R, 2 4, = 15 A, "E Gy = 5G, = 5(100 S) = 50S. a. 50°C specific resistance = 10° Q-em 50°C specific resistance = 500 f-cm 200°C specific resistance = 7 Q-em 0.25 mS b. negative No a p= AGrem , 300 30 _ 270 Bem 5 3.6 Qem/°C aT ° 5-30 BC @05 mA, V = 195 V @1mA, V = 200 @5mA, V = 215V AViqui = 215 V — 195 V = 20V 5 mA:0.5 mA = 10:1 ‘compared to 215 V:200 V = 1.075:1 CHAPTER 3CHAPTER 4 (Odd) 1. V=IR= 25460) = 15V R 7 T5mA oe 5. Vei=65,n00m0 Mm =00nv= nav way noe Ye BOY asus yxy 9 OR 7°aK 28.5710 v, may _¥ lve 60 siif] [ 60 s on ne Fev omene 4 sa ay[ Ri] ($05) ~ 2000 Were = (120 V)(9.5 A)(3600 s) 1 x 10° J 21 W = Pr = 2 W)(28,0005) = 57.6 kJ b = 2MBM 46 x 10-3 rev = 2 WE ~ 36 x 10-9 kWh 23. P= Vi=(GV)\2A)=6W W234, Powe? 25. P= PR= (7 x 1073A)(4 0) = 196 pW _[F .[@W i yee n. iF GW fie = 44 (oaa) 2131. 33, 35. 37. 39, al. 45. V = (PR = (@aWOD ED = LAT = 9.61V cvnre P= 00. Pawn 2 1OW ass v__20v -¥ 144.060 Ro 7" oma” 406 b. Ab rating = (0.133 mA)(500 h) = 66.5 mAh P . [SORW S03 = i=|f CoN 5 x 10° = 70.7 ma a. P= EI = (120 V)(100 A) = 2 kW ren si6[ ME] + cow + cow +100 = 10,130 < 12,000 W (Yes) Po Po _ (1.8 b6)(746 Whs6) = Fe, p= Fe. C8 6746 WoHb) 29 W wae a 1960.29 P, 1960.29 W =H1= 7 = 16.344 * E 120 V a Pye EL = (120 V2.4 A) = 288 W P,= Po + Proxy Pion = Pj ~ Po = 288 W ~ 50 W = 238 W "2 50 W bn = 22 x 100% = x 100% = 17. wos mw 36% P. a Ra 22 = Gbwv4s Whe) _ 1657.78 Ww 7 09 bP = Er = 1657.78 (110 Vy = 1657.78 W 1 = 187.78 W _ 5074 “Tov Pym 2 = Q PATS WHO) _ 9131.43 w P= El = 2131.43 W (110 Vyr = 2131.43 W 2131.43 W TIO V = 19.384 a= 1m = 0.87)(0.75) = 0.6525 = 65.25% CHAPTER 447. 49. SL 33. 55. 37. apa 1° = 0.72 = 0.9m =~ O22 Logs na GE +08 80% a. np = 1477277 = (0.98)(0.87)(0.21) = 0.1790 = 17.9% bap = 1*mH*My = 0.98)(0.87)(0.90) = 0.7673 = 76.73% 16.73% ~ 179% x 109% = 328.6% b. Energy doubles, power the same = PE ag = (1000) Wh) _ (1000)(10 KW) = kwh = ti oe x LOND = 6.67 wn = (4000) _ (1000500 Kew) 2 =P ap ww ® 1000 t 10s a bre Bw SOXIOW ay as 4 E EV © Plog = Py — Py = Py ~ nF; = Pl ~ 9) = SOKW(I ~ 0.82) = = Pr, @ W/O b) _ EW haa = oy 7 SEOEOM = 90 Wh = BWIA W) + 4800 WAH) + 460 WAH + (1200 WHOS wn ‘1000 = 24,34 kWh 24.34 Jowh[DopAwh] = $2.19 (aa) 23CHAPTER 4 (Even) viv re ¥ 2 2Y «6667 ma 2 R 0 v__2v ve = 214294 aor R THEo =) vl av 6 re ¥ 2 BV -4333 ma 8. 16 mA vy, 120V wo. R= Ye OV - asr990 12, 2. n, 2 26. a r+ [F- = 2236ma 30. EI = (9 V)(45 mA) = 405 mW PB, 450W . ve Pe =10V ce T° 35K oe v_ ov, Rep" 37K 778 F [ow a au. r= [PF = = 5x 105 = 70.7 Zz - |e sx 70.71 mA V=\PR = (QW WOK = LaisKv 24 CHAPTER 4E__9v a P= El = (9 V)(0.455 A) = 4.095 W b R= 2-2 _9V -39, 36. P=#= OV ) + UBER ~ 780 cc. W= Pr = (4.095 W)21,600s) = 88.45 KJ sea) a= 146 W P, 05 yo | 7% Ea 38, n= 72 x 100% = x 100% = 373 x 100% = 82.89% F OW Po 746 W. 748 40. <2 x 100% = MEW x 100% = M8 x 100% = 84.77% P FAHY 380 "2 Po . 3.6 bi)(746 What) a. P=E= 2=1= 2- = 14.03. A 7 %E ~ O.8NGW VW) P 96) 44. PB, = 22 = GS HICKS WOE) _ 17,433.33 W 7 05 P| 1243333 W 5° mov = 56.52 A 46. m= = 08 a = (m)m2) = (0.8)(0.8) = 0.64 W, tem FET Mom n= OND = 3845 b. For large energy applications the numbers would be enormous if joules were employed. For low levels of energy consumption the use of joules can be appropriate. (Even) 2532. 38. 26 42 yoeks wn |43 - Fz |E5 poms) = 200 = 250.1200») - 50.89 4WH wn = OWED (0.09 K¥R)96RWE) = 0.816 = 81.00 _ a mewn = 3 ona = Pty, = (EWH)(1O00) _ (11.11)11000) _ 44, kwh = oe * ee WH)1000) _ 11.1000) _ 9 59 De P 2800 wey = 110.4) + 1200 WHA b+ 60 WALSH) + 150 9G 314 000 = HOW + 400 Wh + 90 Wh + $625 Wh 1 ops vm 1.4925 AWE I9C/S WE] = 13.436 CHAPTER 4CHAPTER 5 (Odd) EL ov - = 2046 =woar-£-2V. 8 Rp 204604 120~2T- = a8 0.2 MQ + 1 M0 + 0.33 MO + 0.1 M0 = 1.63 M2 E_ wv _ Mar = 6135 HA c. Rp= 150+ 10042504 250+ 100+250=100 r= £-3V 2 3182ma Ry Too 4 RpaA2RO + ASRO + 13RD + SEO = 10KO to Row mA 3. a Rp= 0 + 12000 + 27400 = 4u E (4 mA)(4 kQ) = 16 V p= 120 +820 +470 +270 = 1680 E = IRp= (250 mAX(16.8 0) = 4.2 V Sa Rp=4.704+5.60= 1039 16V-8V-4V_ 4V 103 7 O38 0.388 A (clockwise) bo Rp=47041204560= 1159 p= IBV +10V~4V _ 90674 i TS © 1, +10V-2V-3V-Ve=0 bd. Vg = 10V-SV=5V Vep = 80V - 10 = 70 9. pa 27V-9V-SV__ | BV gay TIT 1+ 056M” 390K Vj = IR = 6.28 mAy2.2KO) = 7.22 V I a Rp= 220+ 100 +5.60+330= 70.60 E. 6v = FFT ~ 008A = 85 ma (CCW) TR = (85 mA)(33 9) = 2.805 V (85 mA)(S.6 9) = 0.476 V (85 mA)(10 @) = 0.850 V IR = (85 mA)22 9) = 1.870 V (Oda) 2713. 1s. 17. EnV, +V,+Vy+% 6V = 2.805 V + 0.476 V'+ 0.850 V + 1.870V ov tov 33.0: P = PR = (85 mA)? 33 @ = 238.4 mW. 5.60: P = PR = (85 mA)? 5.60 = 40.5 mW 100; P = PR = (85 mA)? 10.0 = 72.3 mW 22.0: P = PR = (85 mA) 220 = 159 mW Pag, = EL = (6 V)G5 mA) = 510 mW Pog = 238.4 mW + 40.5 mW + 72.3 mW + 159 mW 510 mw % 510 mw 1 iw. at nea =f a] ~ns0 BL ialy r=. Rp 250 All go out! Yqy = $2.2000M — 5.67 Vey = 4 GOV) __, =320V #” 7as60- a+ maw Vp = —@KO+3kM4O Vv) _ 540) 2” Gms se TY Vop = >. [aw 4 = Prore|F = [2-24 Pla’ 8 Re 2.8 8 Lag I" Baap 4 Rp= 160K, +R, +10 =20+h +19 R= Bo E = IRp = QA)(I6 9) = 32V 16. Ry + Ry = 60, Puy = Py + Py VT Pat 4) + VIB= ADO _ 2, 30 adR= F = 4W UW 6g a wave — RaW = 40 = & +6 0200 v) i Ya 4V R+2kQ +60 ce LM R +60) +30 4R + 32k0 = 20R 140R + 9(140) = 200R + 1200 Ra2ko Reif v, v; ay 8 g0n- B-4¥ 40 p= BX mar ay 8 Ia ao rpg TA >| ~ 36V. T° iema Vg, = 12V-0V=12V = 2.25 ko Vp 12V 0.75 ko RY@OV) _—_ ROY) Vp, = OY BEN 2. VR” BTR” oR 8 Vp, = 7Vp, = 106 V) = 42 Vp, = 2Vp, = 26) = 12 V (Even) 33wa. +12V-8V=4V v. 2V-6V=14V v,=-8V Wi= 44 Vay = Vy ~ Vy 4V~(-8¥) = 2 Vag = Va Vp = l4V-4V = 10V c Vy=+0V+3V=BV Y= -8v Vag = 21 16v-8V BV TOT 200 * 30g = O67 ACW) ¥, = 16 V — 110 0) = 16 V ~ (0.267 A)(0 = 16 V ~ 2.67 V = 13.33 V V; = IR = (0.267 A)Q0 ) = 5.34 V 26. I= pa 12V+10V+8V_ 30 TIM 33K” 33 Vz = 12 V 122k) + 10V = 12. V — 6.455 mA)Q.2kO) + 10 V =2V-2V+10V=10V Vy = 12.2 KO) = (5.455 mA)(2.2 kD) = 12 V = 5.455 mA e 44V-20V | mV Test +6” 2 Voxq = IR = 2 mA) kO) Vayg = IR = 2 mA)(4 k) Veg = IR = 2 mA)(6 k0) VV, = 44V—4V = 40, v= 44V-4V—-8V= 320 20 Vagg = 4.V, Vey Vag = 12 V OY, Vp = @mA)G KA + 1 kD) = @ mAY4 kD = 8 V 2V-8V=I2V, i= Fi,-1=2mA +5mA + 10mA = 17 mA = 3302) 2M 339-0080 7 eV T EAS 3.58 A P = FR = G.58.A)?0.05 0 = 0.64W -% 34. VRE x 100% fa Vp, = IR = @.A)Q8% = 56V vr = DV -56V 34 CHAPTER 5CHAPTER 6 (Odd) 1. a. 2,3, 4 in parallel b. 2,3im parallel —c,-2, 3 in series, 1, 9+ 18 _ 1682 a =90 = 2218, 12 6g > Rr 9a] eo ses oF 6 tla Gp = A= J = 016675 r= a eg 7 ONT b 0.333 mS + 0.5 mS + 0.167 mS = 1 mS or 6k0 | 3k0 = 2k0,2kO | 2k9 = 1ko = G3 KO)S.6 Ko) ©. 3D | 5.60 = C3 HOSE KD _ 2 Rm 33K0 | 5.640 = reg ~ nO Ke 1 1 -i. 4817 Crm Re” Tore ~ OMIT MS 4 40) 40-20,80] 80-40 - = 2HGM _ Rp= 20440 Frag 7 S08 1 1 Sr= et pare 7 OS = 0.18 + 0.5 mS + 0.025 mS = 100,525 mS f Rye 28a s00,rp= 228-10 Gr FT 7 032978 + 0.5091 § + 0.2128 § = 1.45165 Rr 6889 2 So b. Gp= NG, + G +6, +tor-10 eq it}. i. vo 7|R| 90 eo 0258 = 2 =o.111s + 005568 1 R= U0=Rk, (oda) 35majuo=120 toa Rr OR o1s= 1 + 00835 + 0.083 s i 1 + 0.091675 i f= 018 — 0.091675 = 0.00833 5 1 To ea 20 o1s= 1 i” oqouss = 208 +oie 5 9. Gm set Apt apg ~ 0595S + 1678 + 0.6675 1 1 Rp= 2 = 1 _ = 0887 7” a,” Trers ~ 0578 -pop- £2 09V °. 2 bo Lym BGp= = ager LOA Linthth en 105A = 03A+0.15A +064 4-2 = 034 Z TR 3o 1.05 A © 1.05 4 E _09v ho er Ben oasa E _09v n= Fe =06A Bom Tsa 78 dR Py = HR, = 03.4730 = 027W eR, Ry) 1/2W, R= 1W Ry: Py = 1GRy = 15 AP 6.0 = 0.135 W Ry: Py = 1GR, = 0.6 A)? 1.5.0 = 0.54 W Papi = El, = (0.9 V)(1.05 A) = 0.945 W Pag, 2 Py + Py + Py 0.945 W = 0.27 W + 0.135 W + 0.54 W 0.945 w ¢ 0.945 w ©. P= El = (120V)(66.67mA) = 8W a 3. a Rp= 2004 5o=40 E _30V i= 2-2 o754 io Rao 78 sor 4 CDR: = 4 = n= sarapg 7 375A) = LSA 36 CHAPTER 615. 17, 19. a. (Odd) b. 10ko | 10K0 = 5K R= 1ko | 5 ko = 0.833 ko EL 8v 2 aim - 9m Rip = 10k@ | 1 ko = 0.9091 ko 1. _Rrk _ 8.727 mA 1 RETO O30 1 = 028 +0. .05 § = 0: FT 7028 + 0.18 +0058 = 0.358 R30 Too" 1 = 2.8579 r= 035s EB @vye Poa Re” TasTg ~ POW WV-8V_16V VEY = oN = 4 ms bo Vey dma + AY = 24mA + 4mA + 12mA = 184 mA 1) =8mA-S5mA=3mA Iy=SmA~4mA=1mA T= 1, ~ 1.SmA = 3mA ~1.5mA=15mA Jy = 6pA~2yA = 4 yA B= 2A - 05 4A = 1.5 pA Ty = hy + y= 4A + 15 pA = 5.5 uA Ty = [q+ 05 pA = 5.5 yA +05 pA = 6 nA ELV ne Bae nse heI~h=3A-2A=1A Rog BY ~ 1080 26H =2V ang BY a 1333.4 4-2. oW ata BaF By -ne Tah+h+h=2A+133A+1A=433A 3738 n= BY 1 Te y= Y= tem 64mA h-hth+h y=], ~ hy — fy = 100mA — 64 mA ~ 16 mA = 20 mA EL AY R= 7" ma 32M T=} +l = 20 mA + 16 mA = 36 mA a vj 1 ay, = - - Pa Ghevin (PR = VBOWIOT = 30 E=Vv,=30V E wv _ ne geet heh Lahth+h DA=1A42 n= dan=054 = 05h E_ 30 Rome Fo ey wo Pp, = GR = OSAP + 00 =15W 30024) _ = 6.002 A) L N= gaeea “4h 2" saeca FF 50 40,882 29 z 3 2064) _ = 4060). un ageag” 7M ho aaeaa 44 = 89,7, = 95.0150 ma) 20] 30= $0,1 = 55860 BA) ~ 272.73 ma = 19600 A) _ 297.27 mA bh 12+ 650 = 2.00) _ 2.907727 ma) h- sass0 30 90.91 mA 1 = 500 mA CHAPTER 64. Vigg = AR = 4 AID) = 72V he Ye BV Rv TOs Tet Nth=4at45a=85A I, = 8.5A =454 Dor Tareo pa LAOH ogy ny 25. a CDR: Meg = 1A TeT-1A=3A b KCL: mA By inspection: Jp = 2 pA. Ty = 1-2 A) = 6 uA - 4 yA = 245A Since all currents are equal R=99 2. @BmA=h+h+h=h+4h +3; 68 mA = 1, +41, +341) 68 mA = 1 +41, + 12 68 mA = 17h, t= SOA ama h=41,=16mA = 3h=48mA YR EUV AY ~ 610 V = 1sk0 = 05k 2. ho= Ee n2Aa T=SA-2A=3A Tp= SA4I=SA+3A=8A8 Vp R= 8 -16V a9 Tk 8A 4.7k09V)_ _ 23 oe art 65 SRY . cs E=9v ae 20KM6V)_ | 10V gy 2 Wes TOK ~ 30 (Odd) 3940 b. 20k0 | 11 Ma = 19.96 xa 19.96 kQ(6 V) 119.76 V Vy = 19-96 KG V)_ 2" 96K + 10K ~ 29.96 3.997 €. Ry = (10 V)20,000 0/¥) = 200 Ka 200 | 200k = 18.18 ko 18.18 kO(6 V) git UCM) sav 18.18 KO + 10 kD ae Va (&) more accurate than (c) but both readings in the “neighborhood.” 200 k@ || 200 k@ = 100 ka (100 k)}6V)_ _3y T00 Ef + 100 ko ¢. Ry as large as possible (compared to load). V, = 8.8 V is an incorrect reading. _ LKQ? V- 4%). ley c16y Yue Tee“ SEES ¥,= RV 16V= 104V 4:V supply reversed! 1k@d2 V +4 V) 21 . Yu = Tega" 316V) = 32V V, = 12 V — 3.2 V = 8.8 Vas indicated CHAPTER 6CHAPTER 6 (Even) 2. a. There are no single elements in parallel. b. Re & Ry, Ry & Ry and E are in series. c Rs I Re + Rp, Ry +E + RD) 4 1 0.13338 = 4 R 1 R@ onass 7758 = 0.45 ms = re b Gra 04sms= tet gig ed 0.45 mS = 0.2 mS + 0.125 mS + R= 71-80 8 p= 8k] AKO 6 ko Se eo m7 oe 8m Or ee gg 7 OHOT mS 6mA n= BY - ama © hehth &mA =6mA+2mA 8mA%8mA (Even) a10. 42 Py = EER, = (6 mA)? 8 KO = 36 x 10-5(8 x 10%) = 0.288 W P, = ZR, = (2 mA)? 24 KO = (4 x 10-9024 x 10°) = 96 mW Pag = El, = (48 VB mA) = 384 mW Pug 2 Py + Py 384 mW = 288 mW + 96 mw 384 mW % 384 mw both 1/2 W RRR” Wem a7 ea 4545 mS + 0.2128 mS + 0.1471 mS = 0.8144 mS 1 1 Rp =) naar TG" omaas 179 by atgg - 9.7728 ma Rv EY = 5.4545 ma zag ~ 4545 12V_ _ 2.5532 mA arm ~ 7 E_ vy he Ze = 1.7687 mA Bb” "aang ~* L=htht+h 9.7728 mA = 5.4545 mA + 2.5532 mA + 1.7647 mA 9.7728 mA © 9.7724 mA Py = GR, = (5.4545 mA)? 2.2 k9 = 65 mW Py = GR, = (2.5532 mA? 4.7kO = 31 mW Py = ER, = (1.7647 mA)? 6.840 = 21 mW Pag = El, = (12 V)9.7728 mA) = 117.27 mW Pag = Py + Py + Py 117.27 mW = 65 mW + 31 mW + 21 mW 117.27 mw © 117 mW all 1/2. W CHAPTER 612, 14, 16. 18. (Even) Branch 1: = P= 1060W) 25 4 E "WV 7a 2. MOW Gt Branch 2: F= 2 = SOW Wah a P30. Branch 3: = 2 = 30W _ E TOV us Lohthth=Sa+35043A=0EA No 120V _ 10590 ua E_ wv RoE Pag = Bl, 020) [115 4] = 1360 W Pug = Py + Pp + Py 1360 W = 600 W + 400 W + 360 W 1360 w £1360 W 12V 2A, Ip, =6A-2A=4A Yea EB Rv qi-E- BY W309 Bn Ti aw TS 80) 120= 480,480] 40-2190 WV +8V h= = 14674 ' 2.182 0 ve asvesvy? Py= Vw AV EW Lossw 4 70 RA+9A4+4A-1=0 b. = 25A> N+4A-6A-h=0 y= 25A4+4A-6A=2AN h-3A-h=0 I= BA-3A=0AY ce h=l,= 146674 WA-9A-1, = MA> I-S5A-1,=0 = WA-SA=6A> h+8A-h=0 Iy=6A+BA@14AG h-4A-1,=0 Ig=14A-4A=10A4 ° 4326. Ig, = 5 mA ~ 2mA = 3 mA E = Vp, = (@ mA)4KO) = 12 V Vay RV Rv Rim 7" Oak = Sua) ~ oma ~ 3M y= 2B = 22Y oa oS" a,” Tmax EZ. 2 lia3 RF 40,01 = AD ara no Hye y= $8), -2y- 0A y= AO mw 1s 206A wa!” 70 Lt h+ht+l=6A+2A+12A+06A=206A 9 = Zaoa=98 b. ill = 100/10 = 10, 9/7, = 100 KOI KB = 100 100,000 cc. Aylly = 1 KM/IO KM = 100, [1/1 = 100 kO/1 0 a oo + + 1 1401+ 0.001 + 10 x 10° 7 Too Tk * om = 1.10101 $ 1 r= TqHrs = 0.90830 V = IRr = (10 A)(0.9083 ) = 9.083 V ¥ _ 9.083 v = 2088 - 9.083 Avs. 9.8 n= a7 V 9.083 V «99.85 ua a a Y= 208 V 4” TOOK J, 9.083 A _ 199,000 as above Te” ORS WA mA = 1 + =3h+h=4h and Jy = OMA = 15 ma 1, = 3h, = 3015 mA) = 45 mA v= Ye (45 mA)(2.2 KO) = (15 mA)(R) 45 mA, - - 45 DA 2.2 KO) = 30.20) = 6.6 KO CHAPTER 632. (Even) lor "pm 3h = Rk = 30.20) = 6.64 7 SEED 12.2 kM) = 6.6 ko Rv Rv = = 15A, egg = 5 Ing BY = 15 A, leg = Ze = 02148 I= lag + Igog = 1S + 0.214 A = LIISA i h 3 = 0.857 A a 2 £2 _2V_ . pve 8 Rp” ORs 10D TOKO Vz, = IR, = (1-188 mA)(10 KO) = 11.88 V = 1.188 mA b. 120 ma «© W=E=RVv a =5Ah=0A ». OV, %) = 20 © L=h=5a Not operating properly! ‘6 KO resistor not part of configuration (open at one or both terminals) Rp= oY =i 4ne 3. Rp = 3kO | 4k0 = 1.7140 a. Connection at either end or 1 k@ resistor opened up. b. 4 V source connected as +4.V 45CHAPTER 7 (Odd) L 46 E, Ry and Ry b. series: © Band R Ry and Ry parallel: Ry and Ry E, Ry and Rs; series: Re and Ry Ry and Ry parallel: Ey R, and Ry; parallel: none Ry and Rs yes (KCL) b. -h=S5A-2A=34 yes (KCL) 4 y= E-V=10V-6V=4¥ Rr= Ry PR +R PR =20430+104 40 $a+$o Bonw20 Wy asa 8 Py = El = (10VYS.A) = SOW vy = HR, Ixy =54(5 9] 6v R=R, | R= 100] 50-60 Rr=R | +R) = 60) 120-40 E _36V E_36v hme ay OANA eo og oF E36 n= EBV ay 2” RR, Do LR, = BAQN) = 6V uv sv = AY = 6asn= SY -osat n> or b= iq = 08 _uVs8v av b= za * 3g = 64 T= +h=6A+16A= 2At 1 E . ov 1" RRM BIR) TTF TOTS O+ 6 ae H 20v 20V = EON . yee 3a+safeo Sa720 =4A CHAPTER 7nL. 13, (oaa) 4A ~ 1.333. A = 2.667 UR, = 2.667 AVG 1) = 8V Vy = TR; = (0.6565 A)(6 0) = 4 R=R LR | Ry +R) = 40/80) 68+2H=-40]8afse =40|40=20 (Ry +R) | Re + Re) = B2+20 | 62+4H = 100} 09-50 Rr= Ry | +R") = 1001 69+5M=100] 00= sa EB 8V Pee Rr hq = —_-(Releoto 90 RETR) + B+ Re) (4 a8 04 A) SH + 60+20 = 270 Ka(16 v) FIO KO + 2000 KO ‘6 ig = 0 Vg = Vq~ Vog = 1.9V ~ (-1.75 V) = 3.65 =19V 16 Vv 1h fe = sap eee = 7005 08 Vs _ 3.65 V a ig= VS = 3 V 2.433 ma owls" Ro Ts Vos = Vp ~ InRp ~ Iss = Yop ~ Ip(Rp + Rp) since Ip = Is = 16V ~ 2.433 maya ko) = 16 V ~ 9.732 V = 6.268 V Yop ~ IpRp ~ Yog ~ Vo = 0 Yoe = Yop ~ IpRp ~ Ve 16 V ~ (2.433 mA)(2.5 k®) — 1.9 V = 16 V — 6.083 V - 1.9V = 8.02 V a715. ’. oa b. 9. b E___ ov Rek TO+eo 06 A E,-V+H=0 Vek, +E =9V+19V=28V Ry “shorted out” R= Ry + Ry | Re + Re LR 100 +60] 60760 [30 100430420 =150 R+R|R = 100 +300 | 150-100 +100 200 ~ £. lov, 1" a om 754 RD _ 0S HS A) +R sae 30G ~ V867A iz 3 10 Rh 3 aA RoR 0+en =A he etn sa~iFanata Is = LIA 10 Va = BR 1 Re) { sjem-a0v %-0V All resistors in parallel (between terminals a & b) R= 160 foo] so] sof 329 sofsalsoysze 40] 40] 320 20) 320~ 1.8820 All in parallel. Therefore, Vj = V,= E = 32 CHAPTER 7