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Data Transfer and Manipulation

This document discusses data transfer and manipulation instructions in a computer. It describes 3 categories of computer instructions: 1) data transfer, 2) data manipulation, and 3) program control. It provides examples of common data transfer instructions like load, store, move, and input/output. It also describes different types of data manipulation instructions, including arithmetic instructions, logical/bit manipulation instructions, and shift instructions. Finally, it mentions program control instructions and status bit conditions used for conditional branching.

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shubham
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462 views

Data Transfer and Manipulation

This document discusses data transfer and manipulation instructions in a computer. It describes 3 categories of computer instructions: 1) data transfer, 2) data manipulation, and 3) program control. It provides examples of common data transfer instructions like load, store, move, and input/output. It also describes different types of data manipulation instructions, including arithmetic instructions, logical/bit manipulation instructions, and shift instructions. Finally, it mentions program control instructions and status bit conditions used for conditional branching.

Uploaded by

shubham
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Data Transfer and Manipulation

Data Transfer and


Manipulation
Most computer instructions can be classified
into three categories:
1) Data transfer,
2) Data manipulation,
3) Program control instructions
Data Transfer Instruction
❖Data transfer instructions move data from one
place in the computer to another without
changing the data content
❖The most common transfers are between
memory and processor registers,between
processor registers and input or output,and
between the processor registers themselves.
NAME Mnemonic
Load LD
Store ST
Move MOV
Exchange XCH
Input IN
Output OUT
Push PUSH
pop POP

Typical Data Transfer Instruction :


» Load : transfer data from memory to a processor register,
» Store : transfer from a processor register into memory
(memory write)
» Move : transfer data from one register to another register
» Exchange : swap information between two registers
» Input/Output : transfer data among processor registers and
input/output device
» Push/Pop : transfer data between processor registers and a
memory stack
Data Manipulation Instruction

❑Data Manipulation Instructions perform


operations on data and provide the
computational capabilities for the computer.
❑It is divided into three basic types:
1) Arithmetic,
2) Logical and bit manipulation,
3) Shift Instruction
Arithmetic Insructions
NAME Mnemonic
• The four basic Increment INC
arithmetic operations Decrement DEC
are Add ADD
addition,subtraction, Subtract SUB
Multiply MUL
multiplication,and
Divide DIV
division.
Logical and bit manipulation Insructions
• Logical instructions NAME Mnemonic
perform logical Clear CLR
Complement COM
operations on strings of AND AND
bits stored in registers. OR OR
• They are useful for Exclusive-or XOR

manipulating individual
bits or a group of bits
that represent binary-
coded information.
Shift Instructions
NAME Mnemonic
• Shift Instructions used to Logical shift right SHR

shift the content of an Logical shift left SHL


register (operand).
Arithmetic shift SHRA
• Shifts are operations in right
which the bits of a word Arithmetic shift SHLA
are moved to the left or left

right.
Program control
Program control instructions specify conditions for
altering the content of the program counter ,
while data transfer and manipulation instructions
specify condtions for data-processing operations.
NAME Mnemonic
Branch BR
Jump JMP
Skip SKP
Call CALL
Return RET
Compare(by subtraction) CMP
Test(by ANDing) TST
Status Bit Conditions
• It is convenient to supplement the ALU circuit
in the CPU with a status register where status
bit condition can be stored for further
analysis.
• Status bits are also called condition code bit or
flag bit.
• The four status bits are symbolized by C,S,Z
and V.
• The bits are set or cleared as a result of an
operation performed in the ALU
Conditional Branch Instructions :

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