ENGLISH ASSIGMENT

E-learning from Meeting 1 until Meeting 13

Dosen Pengampu :
Mulyadi SAg, MM

Created By :

Steven Joko Purnomo Sinaga

211010503793

MANAGEMENT
FACULTY OF ECONOMICS
PAMULANG UNIVERSITY
2021

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Pertemuan 1

Exercise 1
Nouns are tested on the TOEFL test. Complete these sentences with nouns.

1. The brain stores 100 trillion pieces of ……………. = Information

2. Men’s brains are heavier than …………….brains. = A woman’s
3. The brain uses one-quarter, or …………….of the body’s program. = 25 percent
4. The left brain controls math, ……………., and ……………. = Logic and Language
5. The right brain controls color, ……………., and ……………. = Art and Music
6. The human brain weighs about 3.5……………. = Pounds
7. The brain cannot feel……………. = Pain, if a surgeon operates on the brain, the patient feel no
pain
8. The brain receives more than 100…………….…………….messages from the body = Milion

Exercise 2
From the reading work out whether statements are true or false. Check T for True and F for False.

1. The weight of the brain depends on intelligence. False

2. A jazz musician has a dominant right brain. True
3. A left handed person has a dominant left brain False
4. When you play a game of chess you use the left side of your brain True
5. Your lost brain cells are always replaced False
6. The brain feels pain when you have a new headache False

Exercise 2.1

1. Honshu is the biggest island in…………. = Japan

2. ………….is the biggest island in the world. = Greenland
3. According to the geographers, ………….is not an island, but a continent. = Australia
4. About 11,000 years ago………….was connected to Europe. = Great Britain
5. ………….was formed by a volcano millions of years ago. = Iceland
6. ………….is a new island formed in 1963. = Surtsey near Iceland

Exercise 2.2

1. Greenland is the largest island. It is in the The Arctic ocean

2. New Guinea is the second largest island. It is in the Western Pacific ocean.
3. Borneo is The Third largest island. It is in Pacific Ocean.
4. Madagascar is The fourth largest island. It is in Indian Ocean.
5. Baffin Bay is The fifth largest island. It is in North Atlantic Ocean.
6. Sumatera is The Sixth largest island. It is in Indian Ocean

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Exercise 3:
Correct the errors in noun forms in the following sentences.

1. Intelligence is the ability to use thought and knowledge to understand things and solve problems.
2. Hormones help adjust the mixture of sugar, salt, and water in your body.
3. Psychology, meaning the study of mind and how it works, comes from a Greek word meaning life or
soul.
4. Brain cells use up a lot of energy, so they need a constant supply of oxygen.
5. Each hemisphere of the brain receive information about the opposite side of the visual field.
6. Although millions of brain neurons are active at any one time, they do not use much electrical power.
7. Light entering the eye forms an image on 130 million tiny light cells.
8. Most animals are able to rely on learning and memory

Exercise 4
Correct the errors in the following sentences.

1. People’s brains weigh more now than they did 100 years ago.
2. Nerves impulses can travel at speeds of up to 488 feet per second.
3. The brain contains between 10 trillion and 100 trillion neurons.
4. Each neutron is linked by synapses to thousands of other neurons.
5. Nerves ending below the skin’s surface pick up sensation of cold, heat, and touch.
6. There are three to four million pain receptors in the skin.
7. A three-year-old child’s brain is two-third the size it will finally be.
8. The brain uses 25 percent of the blood’s oxygen

Exercise 5
Write “C” on the left if The sentence is correct. Write “NC” if the sentence is not correct. Correct the error.

C 1. Indonesia is a(a) country made of thousands of islands.

NC 2. Greenland is an(a) big with a permanent ice cap covering it.

C 3. The Bahamas, which consist of 700 hundred islands, have a(a) superb climate.

C 4. Robinson Crusoe is a(a) character in a book by Daniel Defoe.\

NC 5. Robinson Crusoe spent twenty years with his friend Man Friday on a(an) uninhabited island.

C 6. New Guinea is a(a) country where there are a(a) 700 languages.

C 7. Etna is an(an) active volcano on the island of Sicily.

C 8. On the island of Borneo, there is a(a) snake that can fly or leap up to 20 meters.

C 9. The plants and an(an) animals that live on an(an) island may develop to be quite different

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Exercise on NOUNS & ARTICLES

1. D
2. A
3. C
4. A
5. D
6. B
7. D
8. C
9. C
10. A
11. D
12. C
13. A
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19. D
20.
21.

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Pertemuan 2

Exercise 1
Pronouns are tested on TOEFL test. Answer the following questions using a pronoun .

1. Where do the emperor penguins live?

2. How many eggs does the female emperor produce at a time?
3. What does the male emperor penguin use to protect the egg from the cold?
4. Why do the male emperor penguins use to protect the egg from the cold?
5. Where do the males put their eggs when they stand together?
6. Where does the female go?
7. When does she return?
8. What does the male penguin do after she returns?

Exercise 2
From the reading work out whether these statements are true or false. Mark T if it is true or F if it is false.

1. There are no penguins on the North Pole T F

2. All penguins live south of the equator T F
3. All penguins are the same T F
4. All penguins have folds under their abdomen T F
5. The fold of skin is used only to keep the egg warm T F
6. Only the female takes care of the penguin chick T F
7. Emperor penguins do not make nests T F
8. Emperor penguins lay their eggs very near the sea T F

Exercise 4
Correct the pronoun errors in the following sentences where necessary.

1. He helps she take care of the baby penguin

2. She lays her egg and then leaves.
3. They feed them until they can swim.
4. It is not easy for they to survive under such conditions.
5. It is harder for him than for she.
6. He goes to the sea after she returns.

Exercise 5

1. She lays ……………… egg.

2. He has a special fold of skin on the bottom of ………………stomach.
3. They take care of ………………young in a special way.
4. It is protected from the cold by ………………father.
5. They keep the eggs on ………………feet.

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 Exercise 6

1. It is an experiment of his/him.
2. The Adelie penguins live in a cold climate, but the emperor penguins live in a harsher climate than
them/theirs.
3. Seven nations claim that Antartica is their/theirs.
4. The researcher in the picture is a friend our ours/us.
5. His research was good but her/hers is better.
6. Studying penguins is a hobby of mine/my.

Exercise 7
Complete the sentences with the correct reflexive pronoun.

1. Penguins push ………………along the ice using their flippers.

2. To protect………………from the cold, the penguin has a layer of fat under its feathers.
3. The female lays her egg and walks back to the sea by………………
4. During the two months the male penguin cannot………………
5. The male penguin………………incubates the egg.
6. Since humans do not have the insulation that penguins do, we cannot protect…………… from such
temperatures without special clothing.

Exercise 8
Correct relative pronoun errors where necessary in the following sentences.

1. There are eighteen different kinds of penguins whom live south of the equator.
2. The biologist which went to the South Pole is studying emperor penguins.
3. Emperor penguins survive winds who blow at speeds up to ninety-five miles an hour in winter.
4. Emperor penguins, who are the largest penguins do not make nests.
5. Emperor penguins, who are the largest among penguins, do not make nests.
6. The United States has sent researchers to Antartica which are making experiments to measure the
energy expended by emperor penguins.

Exercise 9

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

6
11.
12.

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Pertemuan 3

The questions for this Discussion Are

1. There are 4 members of PRESENT TENSE, Mention of them and Write down The Pattern/ Formulas
of them !
2. What is the Function of each of member of PRESENT TENSE ? And Please, Give the Examples of
sentences, for each 5 sentences!!

Answer

1. The function of the Simple Present Tense is to state facts, habits, truths and permanent situations.
For examples
(+) I go to Yogyakarta twice a week.
(-) I don't go to Yogyakarta twice a week.
(?) Do you go to Yogyakarta twice a week?

(+) They get up late every Friday.

(-) They don't get up late every Friday.
(?) Do they get up late every Friday?.

(+) He often snores while sleeping

(-) He does not often snore while sleeping.
(?) Does he often snore while sleeping?

(+) We watch television every night.

(-) We don't watch television every night.
(?) Do we watch television every night?

(+) She speaks English every day.

(-) She doesn't speak English every day.
(?) Does She Speak English every day?.

2. 4 members of Present Tense and the pattern/formula of them :

 Simple Present tenses
 Present continuous tense
 Present perfect tense ,and
 Present Perfect continuous tenses
A. Simple Present tenses
Simple present tense is a form of time that is usually used to express an action that is done out of
habit .
Example :
 He Plays football every Sunday
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 Therefore, to emphasize this habit, the simple present tense is used together with the phrases
always, never, occasionally, often, sometime, usually, always and many more.
The sentence patterns for the simple present tense are as follows :
(+)I, you, we, they, + Verb1
She, he, it + Verb1 + -s/-es
(-)I, you, we, they, + do + not + Verb1
She, he, it + does + not + Verb1
(?)Do + I, you, we, they, + Verb1 ?
Does + She, he, it + Verb1 ?
Simple present tense also serves to explain a quote from a book by using the phrase say .
Example :
 What does the book say ? it says, ‘stir it slowly’.
Simple present tense can also be used in news headlines in newspapers .
Example :
 The Wandering Who ? A Study of Jweish Politics
B. Present Continuous tense
Present continuous tense is a form of time that is used to express certain actions that are being
carried out by the subject .
The present continuous tense is marked by using the ending -ing after the original verb (verb1) .
Example :
 Andy is playing football in the yard .
The present continuous tense function is also used to express temporary actions .
 Nina is watching television now but she will take a rest soon .
The sentence patterns for the present continuous tense are as follows:
(+) I + am + Verb1 + -ing
You, we, they + are + Verb1 + -ing
She, he, it + is + Verb1 + -ing
(-) I + am + not + Verb1 + -ing
You, we, they + are + not + Verb1 + -ing
She, he, it + is + + not + Verb1 + -
(?) Am + i + Verb1 + -ing ?
Are + You, we, they + Verb1 + -ing ?
Is + She, he, it + Verb1 + - ?
C. Present perfect tense
The present perfect tense is a combination of the past and present tenses. However, of course the
connection to the present is much more emphasized.
The present perfect tense is usually used in daily dialogue, correspondence, and news in
newspapers, radio, and television .
Example :
 I have studied Math since 5 o’clock in the morning
The sentence patterns for the present perfect tense are as follows:

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 (+) I, you, we, they + have +Verb3
She, he, it + has + Verb3
(-) I, you, we, they + have + not + Verb3
She, he, it + has + not + Verb3
(?) Have + I, you, we, they + Verb3 ?
Has + She, he, it + Verb3 ?
D. Present perfect continuous tense
Present perfect continuous tense is a form of time that is used to explain that an action or activity is
ongoing until recently or until the subject spoke.
Example :
 Mita has been writing the novel since she was in her late tqwnties and at las it finished .
In addition, the Present perfect continuous tense can show that an action or activity has just been
completed and we can see the results, especially actions that refer to things that are done repeatedly or
often.
Example :
 Rendra has been playing tenis all afternoon and needs shower!
Sentence patterns for Present perfect continuous tense are as follows :
(+) I, you, we, they + have + been + Verb1 + -ing
She, he, it + has + been + Verb1
(-) I, you, we, they + have + not + been + Verb1 + -ing
She, he, it + has + not + been + Verb1 + -ing
(?) Have + I, you, we, they + been + Verb1 + -ing ?
Has + She, he, it + been + Verb1 + -ing ?
Another difference between the present perfect continuous tense and the present continuous tense
is that usually the present perfect continuous tense does not require a specific time phrase, while the
present perfect tense uses a time phrase to explain that certain actions or activities have been
completed within that time period, such as for eight days, since august and others .

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Pertemuan 4

The questions for this Discussion Are:

1. There are 4 members of PAST TENSE, Mention of them and Write down The Pattern/ Formulas of
them !

2. What is  the Function of each of member of PAST TENSE ?  And Please, Give the Examples of
sentences, for each 5 sentences!!

Answer

1. Just like the present tense, the past tense is divided into four parts: simple past tense, past continuous
tense, past perfect tense and past perfect continuous tense.

A. Simple Past Tense

Simple past tense, as the name suggests, is commonly used to express a work that has passed.
Therefore, the use of verbs in past tense sentences is usually in the form of verb 2 (past verbs) except
to convey negative things or ask something (interrogative tense).
Below is the 'formula' of the simple past tense:

B. Subject + Verb 2 + Object

 Subject + Did/Was/Were + Not + Verb 1 + Object

 Did + Subject + Infitinitive Verb + Object + ?

 Was/Were + Subject + Adjective/Adverb + ?

C. Past Continuous Tense

The past continuous tense is usually used to:

 Expresses if an activity started, took place and also finished in the past.

 Declare if there is one activity that occurs then some time later there is a new activity that starts at
the same time.

 Stating that there are two activities that occur simultaneously.

To use the past continuous tense, we can apply the following formula:

 Subject + Was/Were + Verb(ing)+ Object

 Subject + Was/Were + Not + Verb(ing)

 Was/Were + Subject + Verb(ing) + ?

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 D. Past Perfect Tense
This tense is commonly used for:

 Describes an activity in the past that was completed before starting a new activity.

 Expresses a habit that took place in the past.

 Wishing for something that could not possibly be changed because it was past.

Below is the 'formula' for the use of the past perfect tense:

 Subject + had + verb 3

 Subject + had + not + verb 3

 Had + Subject + Verb 3 + ?

E. Past Perfect Continuous Tense

Often called the past perfect progressive tense, this tense can be used to tell an event started in the
past and finished in the past as well. This tense can also be used for direct speech or reported speech.
Below is the 'formula' of this tense:
• Subject + Had + Been + Verb(ing)
• Subject + Had + Not + Been + Verb(ing)
• Had + Subject + Been + Verb(ing) + ?

2. As we can understand from the name, past tense verbs are used to indicate an action, event or
condition that has happened in the past. Each tense has four aspects that talks about the completion of
the event or action and based on that, we have four types of past tense verbs:

 Simple Past Tense

 Past Continuous Tense

 Past Perfect Tense

 Past Perfect Continuous Tense.

A. Simple Past Tense

The simple past tense is used to indicate or describe something that happened or existed in the past.
The situations or conditions to use a simple past tense is to:

 Describe an action, event or condition that occurred in the past or at a specified time

 Refer or describe an action that has been completed and there is no time mentioned.

 Describe an action or occurrence of an event that is done repeatedly and regularly.

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  Describe a state of mind in the past or a feeling that was felt in the past.

 Refer to someone who has died

 Describe events that have occurred in quick succession in the past .

To formulate the simple past tense verb, we add ‘- ed’. For verbs ending in ‘e’, we add ‘-d’ and.
However, there are some simple past tense verbs such as cut, put, set etc which remain the same in the
present and past tense. Examples are,

 He worked at the Cheesecake Factory;

 I often brought my lunch to school;

 John Cabot sailed to America in 1498;

 My father died last year;

 He lived in Fiji in 1976.

B. Past Continuous Tense

Past continuous tense is used to indicate an ongoing event in the past. Other conditions where past
continuous tense is used are:

 To show that someone is in the middle of an action.

 Is used to describe an action taking place when another occurred.

 For an action that was taking place in the past when an interrupted action happened.
Example:

o I was calling him when he came home;

o While they were painting the door, I was painting the windows;

o While he was working on his laptop, he fell asleep;

o They were waiting for the bus when the accident happened;

o Caroline was skiing when she broke her leg;

C. Past Perfect Tense

The past perfect tense in a sentence or conversation describes an event that happened in the past before
another event in the simple past tense was completed in the past. The situations where a Past Perfect
Tense is used are to:

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  Indicate an event that has occurred and been completed in the past.

 Describe an event or action which happened before a definite time in the past.

 Describe an action that happened in the past before another action took place.
Example:

o Menu had borrowed money from the bank to buy her new car;

o We had cleaned up the terrace before the watchman arrived;

o We had reached their house after the dinner was over ;

o She had gone to the coffee shop before she came home;

o He had studied in the library before he came to the class.

Past Perfect Tense is also used to describe a state. Example: Their wives had become good friends at
the wedding. A very important use of the Past Perfect Tense is that it is used to clarify which event
happened earlier when two actions were completed in the past. Example: I had read those books that
you bought for me .

D. Past Perfect Continuous Tense

This tense is used to describe actions that were going on in the past up until another action in the past
happened. They are often used in the following situations:

 For an action that has occurred over a period of time having begun in the past.

 To describe an action which started and finished in the past before another past action.

 It is also regularly used in the reported speech where the present perfect continuous tense becomes
past perfect continuous tense.

 Unlike the past continuous and past perfect tenses, past perfect continuous tense is not used to
indicate state, state of mind or feelings.
Examples:

o I had been studying ;

o It had been raining hard for several hours and the streets got flooded ;

o If it had not been raining, we would have gone to the park ;

o If it had been raining, I would have stayed in the office until midnight ;

o I had been writing articles on various topics for three hours .

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 Formulating the Past Perfect Continuous Tense
This tense is formed with the past perfect tense of the verb ‘to be’, which is ‘had been’ and the present
participle of the verb i.e ‘-ing’.

Pertemuan 5

The questions for this Discussion Are:

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 1. There are 4 members of FUTURE TENSES, Mention of them and Write down The Pattern/ Formulas
of them and Mention of MODAL AUXILIARIES In English and Write down The Patterns of Modals
in general !!

2. What is  the Function of each of member of FUTURE TENSES AND MODALS AUXILIARIES in
the sentence ?  And Please, Give the Examples of sentences, for each 3 sentences!!

Answer

1. FUTURE TENSES

A. Future tense is divided into four: Simple future tense, future continuous tense, future perfect tense and
future perfect continuous tense. 1. Simple Future Tense Simple future tense is usually used to tell a
situation in the future come. This tense is useful for:

 Express general statements.

 Describe habits.

 Expressing feelings (emotions)

 Disclosing personal relationships.

 Choose a focus in an event and set a deadline (deadline).

Formula :

Positive :

 Subject + Will / Shall / To Be Going To + Verb 1 + Object + Keterangan Waktu (Optional) o

“We will visit him every month.” “Kita akan mengunjunginya setiap bulan.” o “We are going to
go to Jakarta next week.” “Kita akan pergi ke Jakarta minggu depan.”

 Negative: Subject + Will / Shall + Not + Verb 1 + Object + Keterangan Waktu (Optional) o
“We will not visit him every month.” “Kita tidak akan mengunjunginya setiap bulan.”

 Subject + To Be + Not + Going To + Object + Keterangan Waktu (Optional) o

“We are not going to Jakarta next week.” “Kita tidak akan pergi ke Jakarta minggu depan.”
Interrogative (Kalimat Tanya):

 Will / Shall + Subject + Verb 1 + Object + Keterangan Waktu (Optional)+ ? o

“Will we visit him every month?” “Akankah kita mengunjunginya tiap bulan?”

 To Be + Subject + Going To + Verb 1 + Object + Keterangan Waktu (Optional) o

“Are we going to go to Jakarta next week?” “Akankah kita pergi ke Jakarta minggu depan?”

B. Future Continuous Theme This tense is usually used for :

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  Says an event in the future.

 Forecasting future events.

 Asking for information about future events (especially in interrogative form).

 Stating something that we hope will happen in the future come.

 If the word 'still' is added, it can show the events that we are currently living now and we hope
that in the future it will also continue Formula :

Formula :

Positive:

 Subject + Will + Be + Verb(ing) + Object + Keterangan Waktu (Optional) o

“I will be eating out with him this afternoon.”
“She will still be swimming by the evening,”

Negative:

 Subject + Will + Not + Be + Verb(ing) + Object + Keterangan Waktu (Optional) o

“I will not be eating out with him this afternoon.”
‘She will not still be swimming by the evening.”

 Interrogative : Will + Subject + Be + Verb(ing) + Object + Keterangan Waktu (Optional) + ?

“Will I be eating out with him this afternoon?”
“Will she still be swimming by the evening?”

C. Future Perfect Tense This tense is usually used to describe activities or events that have occurred or
have occurred will be completed in the future.

Formula :

Positive:

 Subject + Will + Have + Verb 3 + Object + Keterangan Waktu (Optional) o

“I will have gone to the Mall.”
“She will have finished it by 10 AM.”

Negative:

 Subject + Will + Not + Have + Verb 3 + Object + Keterangan Waktu (Optional) o

“I will not have gone to the mall.”
“She will not have finished it by 10 AM.”
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  Interrogative: Will + Subject + Have + Verb 3 + Object + Keterangan Waktu (Optional) + ?
“Will I have gone to the Mall by 3 PM?”
“Will she have finished it by 10 AM?”

D. Future Perfect Continuous Future perfect continuous tense is usually used to talk about something that
has already happened take place at a future time period.

Formula :

Positive:

 Subject + Will + Have Been + Verb(ing) + Keterangan Waktu (Optional) o

“My brother will have been eating dinner by then”
“I will have been waiting for months to just wear that shirt.”

Negative:

 Subject + Will + Not + Have Been + Verb(ing) + Keterangan Waktu (Optional) o

“My brother will not have been eating dinner by then.”
“I will not have been waiting for months to just wear that shirt.”

 Interrogative: - Will + Subject + Have Been + Verb(ing) + Keterangan Waktu (Optional) + ?

“Will my brother have been eating dinner by then?
“Will I have been waiting for months to just wear that shirt?”

2. FUTURE TENSES

A. Simple Future Tense

Future tense is a rule that serves to explain an event or action that will be done or done in the future.
Expample:

(+) We will go to cafe tomorrow

(-) We will not go cafe tomorrow

(?) Will we go to cafe tomorrow?

(+) Kita akan pergi ke cafe besok

(-) Kita tidak pergi ke cafe besok

(?) Apakah kita akan pergi ke cafe besok?

B. Future Continuous Tense

Future continuous points to an unfinished action or event that will run in the future. Future continous
tense is used for different purposes. Future continuous can be used to project ourselves in the future.
Example:

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(+) He will be leaving tomorrow

(-) He will not be leaving tomorrow

(?) Will he be leaving tomorrow

C. Future Perfect Tense

The future perfect tense refers to the action that is already completed in the future. When using this
tense we predict ourselves in the future and this tense is often used with the expression of time.
Example:

Will you have eaten when I pick you up?

Won’t they have arrived by 5:00?

You will have finished your report by this time next week.

D. Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Future perfect continuous tense is a form of tense is used to predict ourselves in the future and look
back. Pointing to an event or action in the present and future that has not been completed. It is often
used with the expression of time.
Example:

When I come at 6:00, will you have been practicing long .

Next year I will have been working here for four years.

When I finish this, I will have been learning English for twenty years.

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Pertemuan 6

The questions for this Discussion Are:

1. What do you know about PASSIVE VOICE in English ? And Please, Write down the patterns/
formulas of PASSIVE VOICE !!

2. How to make Passive Voice in English / How do you change ACTIVE FORM OF SENTENCES to
become PASSIVE VOICE ? Give ten (10) Examples of sentences from active form To passive voice !!

Answer

1. The passive voice is used to show interest in the person or object that experiences an action rather than
the person or object that performs the action. In other words, the most important thing or person
becomes the subject of the sentence.

A. Simple present tense

S + is/am/are + V3.
Example :
- He is beaten by all his competitors.
- Heart disease is considered the leading cause of death in the United States.

B. Simple past
S + was/were + v3.
Example :
- She was already gone.
- We were confused by the unclear regulation that was announced on campus.

C. Simple future
S + will be + v3
Example :
- It will be made into a nice sweater.
- The leftover will be eaten by stray cats.\

D. Simple past future

S + would/should + be + V3.
Example :
- I would be asked first in this job interview.
- These clothes should be delivered on time to their owner.

E. Present continuous
S + is/am/are + being + V3.
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 Example :
- The tasks are being done by herself.
- The trophy is being won by our team.

F. Past continuous
s + was/were + being +V3
Example :
- My neighbor’s house was being robbed last night.
- The trees were being cut every day.

G. Future continuous
s + will be + V3
Example :
- This room will be cleaned at the moment.
- Those racks will be emptied for some new stuff.

H. Past future continuous

s + would/should + be + V3
Example :
- You should be promoted as a manager.
- The public pool should be cleaned daily in order to spread the virus.

I. Present perfect continuous

s + have/has + been + V3.
Example :
- She has been betrayed by her own best friend.
- The grass has been mowed by the

J. Past perfect continuous

s + had + been + V3.
Example :
- The children had been educated well by their mother.
- I had been deceived so many times when I was with him.

K. Future perfect continuous

s + would + have + been + v3
Example :
- The computer would have been hacked if they didn’t set up the new security systems.
- These fruits would have been rotten.

L. Past future perfect continuous

s + would/should + have + been + V3
Example :
- She should have been married to a doctor.
- The fire would have been gone if the firefighter came on time.

2. ACTIVE FORM OF SENTENCES

Examples of active voice :
21
  Simson cares the lion

 She is doing her homework

 Kerrie has paid the bill

 She cleaned the house

 I was waiting for Dina

 He had left that place

 I shall read a newspaper

 He will be doing a test tomorrow

 I would buy a book tomorrow

 Ana does the homework

Examples of passive voice :

 The lion is cared by Simson

 The homework is being done by her

 The bill has been paid by Kerrie

 The house was cleaned by her

 Dina was being waited by me

 The place had been left by him

 A newspaper will be read by me

 A test will be being done by him tomorrow

 A book would be bought by me

 The homework is done by Ana

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Pertemuan 7

The questions for this Discussion Are:

1. What do you know about "PREPOSITIONS" in English and How many Prepositions do you know in
English? Mention of them !!

2. What are the functions of Prepositions in English Sentences ? Give fifteen (15) examples of sentences
by using Prepositions !!

Answer

1. Prepositions are words used to show the relationship between nouns or pronouns and other words in a
sentence. Or it could be prepositions (prepositions) words that are placed before nouns or pronouns
23
 with other parts of the sentence.
These prepositions serve to indicate direction, position or time.
Example:
 I eat with spoon and fork.
 Nelly goes to the grocery store.
 He was born in June.
The words with, to, and in above are some examples of words from prepositions. These words are
located before nouns which indicate a relationship with other words in the sentence.
Types of Prepositions
 Preposition (preposition) that comes from one syllable
 Preposition (preposition) which comes from two words
 Preposition (preposition) which comes from three words
 Prepositions derived from four words
2. A preposition is a word or group of words used before a noun, pronoun, or noun phrase to show
direction, time, place, location, spatial relationships, or to introduce an object
Examples of Prepositions :
 She drove to the store.
 Don’t ring the doorbell. Come right in(to) the house.
 Drive on(to) the grass and park the car there.
 He reads in the evening.
 I go to work at 8:00.
 I work on Saturdays.
 I have lived in Minneapolis since 2005.
 They will meet in the lunchroom.
 She was waiting at the corner.
 He left his phone on the bed.
 Place the pen inside the drawer.
 They live in the country. (an area)
 She will find him at the library. (a point)
 There is a lot of dirt on the window. (a surface)
 The kids are hiding behind the tree.

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Pertemuan 8

The questions for this Discussion Are:

1. What do you know about "M A I N  I D E A" in English sentences,especially STATED MAIN IDEA
AND UNSTATED MAIN IDEA?

2. Explain clearly about Main Idea in the first sentence, in the middle sentence and in the last sentence
and give one example of paragraph in each of  three kind of Main Idea !!

Answer

1. Questions about the "main idea" of a passage are popular on reading comprehension tests, but
sometimes, those questions are pretty difficult to answer, especially for students who are not
25
 completely sure they understand what the main idea really is. Finding the main idea of a paragraph or
longer passage of text is one of the most important reading skills to master, along with concepts like
making an inference, finding the author's purpose, or understanding vocabulary words in context. 

Here are a few techniques to help understand what, exactly, is a "main idea" and how to identify it
accurately in a passage. 

A main idea is a sentence that states what that essay or article will be about. The main idea sets up the
rest of the article and is included in the introduction or first paragraph.

A stated main idea is when the writer of the particular piece clearly identifies what the main idea is. In
contrast,
an unstated main idea is when the writer references the main idea, but does not clearly name it.

2. Main, middle, and last sentence

 Deductive Paragraph
Deductive paragraphs are paragraphs where the main idea is located in the first sentence of the
paragraph. While the sentence that follows is an explanation to support the main idea. The main idea
or main idea is usually a general statement.
Example:
Komodo is a protected rare animal. The Ministry of Environment and Forestry noted that as of 2017
there were 2,884 Komodo dragons in the Komodo National Park. The largest lizard in the world is
included in the list of protected animals because of its small number. The reason for the scarcity of
Komodo dragons is due to the Komodo dragon's habitat which is increasingly polluted.

 Inductive Paragraph
In contrast to the deductive paragraph, the main idea of the inductive paragraph is at the end of the
sentence in the paragraph. This paragraph begins with the mention of a special event or explanation
that serves to support the main idea.
Another feature that marks inductive sentences is the use of conjunctions "so", "finally",
"consequently", "therefore", "therefore", "based on the description above", and "thus". The
conjunction shows a conclusion or cause-and-effect relationship.
Example:
The Ministry of Environment noted that in 2016 the number of Komodo dragons was 2,430, in 2017
there were 2,884, while in 2018 there were 2,879. Monitoring continues every year. This is so that
the Komodo dragon population does not become extinct. The population of Komodo dragons is
closely influenced by climate and human behavior. Therefore, even though the Komodo dragon
population can be said to be stable, we must continue to maintain the nature and habitat of the
Komodo dragon.

 Deductive-inductive paragraph
Deductive-inductive paragraphs are also called mixed. The main idea is located at the beginning and
end of the paragraph.
Even though the main idea is mentioned twice, it doesn't mean it's opposite. The main idea at the end
of the sentence in the paragraph serves to emphasize the main idea at the beginning of the sentence
in the paragraph.
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 Example:
Mangrove forests have certain characteristics. Plants in this kind of forest are dominated by
mangroves, so people often call it a mangrove forest. Mangrove forests are found in brackish waters
(a mixture of salt water and fresh water). As a result, mangrove forests are strongly influenced by
sea tides. Those are some of the characteristics of the mangrove forest.

 Inerative Paragraph
An interactive paragraph is a paragraph in which the main idea is in the middle of the paragraph.
Supporting sentences flank sentences that contain the main idea.
Example:
As of 2006, there were 50 areas designated as National Parks. Indonesia has National Parks spread
over the islands of Java, Nusa Tenggara, Sumatra, Sulawesi, Kalimantan, Maluku and Papua.
National Parks in Indonesia are areas protected by the state for conservation purposes. Based on Law
Number 5 of 1990 concerning Conservation of Biological Natural Resources and Their Ecosystems,
National Parks are defined as natural conservation areas that have native ecosystems, managed with
a zoning system that is utilized for research, science, education, cultivation, tourism and tourism
purposes.

Pertemuan 11

The questions for this Discussion Are:

27
 1. What do you know about "WHO, WHAT, and WHERE in English sentences? Give 5 examples of
sentences by using WHO, WHAT and WHERE !!

2. Explain about WHO and WHAT in PASSIVE clearly , and give 5 sentences in each of WHO and
WHAT !!

Answer

1. "Who" used especially in questions as the subject or object of a verb, when asking which person or
people, or when asking what someone's name is
Example :
- Who's she?
- Who are all those people?
- She asked me if I knew who had got the job.
- Who (also formal whom) do you want to talk to?
- I don't know who to ask to the party.

"What" used to ask for information about people or things .

Example :
- What books did you buy?
- What did you wear?
- What size shoes do you take?
- What happened after I left?
- What caused the accident?

"Where" used to ask for to, at, or in what place .

Example :
- Now, where did I put my glasses?
- Where's the party being held?
- Could you tell me where Barker Drive is, please?
- Where did you put my umbrella?
- I've left my keys somewhere and I don't know where.
2. Explain about WHO and WHAT in PASSIVE
 Who
Who in English means 'who' in Indonesian. So you use the word who to ask someone who is
involved in the text or sentence you are composing
 What
What is the word 'what' in English. You can use the word what to ask for an object, an event, or a
person's name. For news or report text, usually what is used to organize
Give 5 sentences
 Who
- Who are you?
- Who is this beautiful person next to you?
- Who would want to call me in the middle of the night?
- Who will go with Salma to the school
- Who is that boy?
28
  What
- What is his name?
- What happened ten years ago at Aceh, Indonesia?
- What are you going to buy for Mom’s birthday?
- What is the motive?
- What are the purposes of this research?

Pertemuan 12

The questions for this Discussion Are:

1. What do you know about "DOUBLE NEGATIVES" in English? Explain them Clearly and give 7
examples of sentences by using Double Negatives!!

29
 2. Explain about "Almost Negative and Comparative With Negative" and give 5 examples of sentences
by using 'Almost Negative !!

Answer

1. Double negatives are two negative words used in the same sentence. Using two negatives usually turns
the thought or sentence into a positive one. Double negatives are generally discouraged in English
because they are considered to be poor grammar and they can be confusing. However, they are
sometimes used in everyday casual speech and you'll find many examples in popular song lyrics .
To better understand why you should generally try to avoid these sorts of sentence constructions, here
are several examples of double negatives that illustrate how they can be confusing or sound
nonsensical.
 It ain't right to not paint the house.
 You shouldn't do nothing to the house.
 The hospital won't allow no more visitors.
 I don't have nobody to mow my lawn.
 That attitude won't get you nowhere.
 After the nose job, she didn't want no one to see her.
 The star couldn't sing no more after the matinee performance.
2. There are several “almost negative” expressions in English — words like rarely or seldom. These
words have meanings of “almost not,” “almost none,” or “almost never.” They don’t mean
“completely not.” For example, if someone says:
I barely finished the test in time.
It means that he did finish in time, but with not much time left over. Here are some almost negative
expressions:

EXPRESSIONS
- HARDLY, BARELY, SCARCELY, ONLY
MEANING
- Almost none
EXAMPLES
- There’s hardly any food left. We have only a little time.
EXPRESSIONS
- RARELY, SELDOM, ONLY
MEANING
- Almost never
EXAMPLES
- He rarely drives to work. I’ve only been there once.

Here’s an example of a conversation with an almost negative expression:

(Woman) Were you able to pay the electric bill?

30
 (Man) I had barely enough money.
(Question) What does the man imply?

In your test book, you read:

(A) He had plenty of money for the bill.
(B) He did not have enough money for the bill.
(C) He paid the bill but has no money left
(D) He was unable to pay the bill.

The man’s answer says he had barely enough money, so we know that he could pay the bill, but he had
no money or only a tiny bit of money left afterward. Therefore, (C) is the best answer.

Example : 
- "She hardly ever cries but lies quietly in her crib, as if in a reverie." (Lilka Trzcinska-Croydon, The
Labyrinth of Dangerous Hours, 2004)
- "She scarcely ever cries, and she seems perfectly content most of the time." (B.J. Hoff, Where Grace
Abides, 2009)
- "Nora starts crying. She almost never cries." (Carol Anshaw, Lucky in the Corner, 2002)
- "Everybody dislikes having to work and make money, but they have to do it all the same. I'm sure
I've often pitied a poor girl, tired out and in low spirits, having to try to please some man that she
doesn't care two straws for — some half-drunken fool that thinks he's making himself agreeable when
he's teasing and worrying and disgusting a woman so that hardly any money could pay her for putting
up with it." (Mrs. Warren in Mrs. Warren's Profession by George Bernard Shaw, 1893)
- "Why, Jane, we can hardly expect Clara to bear, with perfect firmness, the worry and torment that
David has occasioned her today." (Mr. Murdstone in David Copperfield by Charles Dickens, 1850)

Pertemuan 9

Exercise 1

1. According to the passage, what happens during an ice age?

(D) Ice melts six times.
31
 2. The passage covers how many different methods of recognizing past ice ages?
(B) Two

3. According to the passage, what in the rock strata is a clue to geologists of a past ice age?
(B) Melting glaciers

4. The passage indicates that the ventricles

(D) force blood into the arteries

5. According to the passage, when is blood pushed into the arteries from the ventricles?
(D) Before it is received by the atria

6. According to the passage, which part of the heart gets blood from the body tissues and passes it on to
the lungs ?
(B) The ventricles

7. According to the passage, the Golden Age of Railroads

(C) was a period when most of U.S. mass transportation was controlled by the railroads

8. The passage mentions that which of the following occurred as a result of uniformity of track gauge?
(C) Standardization of time zones

9. The passage indicates that Standard Time was implemented

(D) before standardized track gauge was established throughout the U.S.

10. According to paragraph 1, postage stamps were first suggested

(A) in the first half of the eighteenth century

11. It is indicated in paragraph 1 that Sir Rowland Hill believed that postage fees
(A) should be paid by the sender

12. What is stated in paragraph 2 about the first English postage stamp?
(D) It could be used to send a lightweight letter.

13. According to paragraph 2, Brazil introduced postage stamps

(C) after the United States

14. It is mentioned in paragraph 2 that in 1847

(C) two different denominations of postage stamps were introduced in the United States

Exercise 2

1. AlI of the following are true about blood plasma EXCEPT

(A) it is a deeply colored liquid

32
 2. Which of the following is NOT stated about whole blood?
(D) It is a clear, colorless liquid.

3. According to the passage, Dekanawida was NOT

(C) a near deity

4. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage about wampum?

(A) It was used extensively by the Huron.

5. It is NOT stated in the passage that sand dabs

(A) are a type of flatfish

6. According to the passages, it is NOT true that sand dabs and flounders
(C) live in the deepest part of the ocean

7. All of the following are stated about the vision of sand dabs and flounders EXCEPT that they are
(A) overly sensitive to light

8. It is NOT true that chromatophores

(D) change the ocean floor

9. It is NOT mentioned in the passage that sand dabs and flounders

(B) adapt their behavior

10. It is indicated in paragraph 1 that all of the following are part of the process of forming limestone
caves EXCEPT that
(C) the lime in the water evaporates

11. According to paragraph 2, it is NOT true that stalactites

(D) grow quite slowly

12. It is NOT mentioned in paragraph 2

(D) what causes stalactites to disappear

13. According to paragraph 3, stalagmites are NOT formed

(C) above stalactites

14. It is NOT indicated in paragraph 3 that limestone pillars

(D) are more durable than stalactites and stalagmites

Exercise 3

1. F

33
 2. F

3. T

4. T

5. F

6. T

7. T

8. F

9. T

10. T

Pertemuan 10
34
EXERCISE 1

1. What is a “SVIP”? = PASSPORT

2. What is a “WROOM”? = TOUR PACKAGES

3. What is a “WUP”? = MAPS

4. What does “WROPING” mean? = SMOKING

5. What does “SWELCH” mean?

6. What does “ZOOP” mean?

7. What does ZEP mean?

8. What does DREEL mean?

9. What does ZEEM mean?

EXERCISE 2

A. Answer

 Plants
 Flora
 Aesthetic purposes
 Scientific or educational
 False

B. Answer

 Fruit
 Region
 Temperate
 Edible
 True

C. Answer

 The presidency of James Polk

 Forties
 It’s a son
 The Texas
 False

EXERCISE 3
35
  What does tamper mean ? Damage
 What does forlorn mean ? Sad
 What does woes means? Misery
 What does abducted mean? Kidnapped
 What does drenched mean? Saucer
 What does thrust mean? Handed
 What does outcome mean? Results

EXERCISE 4

1. The word poised in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to

(A) interacting
2. The phrase take place in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to

3. The word forced in paragraph 1 could best be replaced by

4. The word hue in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to

5. The phrase plays a role in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to

6. In line 4, the word "widow" means

7. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word "globular" in line 5?

8. The word "ample" in line 7 indicates that the spider is

9. Which of the following has the same meaning as the word "mortal" in line 10?

10. The word ―vividly‖ in the passage is closest in meaning to

11. The word ―misspelled‖ in the passage is closest in meaning to

12. The word ―speech‖ in the passage is closest in meaning to

13. The word "subjugation" in line 4 is closest in meaning to

14. In line 5, the word "decades" is closest in meaning to

15. In line 9, the word "terrain" is closest in meaning to

36
 16. The word "spectacular" in line 14 is closest in meaning to which of the following?

17. The word "veered" in line 17 is closest in meaning to

18. The expression "dominance over" in line 5 is closest in meaning to

19. The word "tripartite" in line 6 suggests that something is

20. The "judiciary" in line 7 is

21. The word "counteract" in line 10 is closest in meaning to

22. "Contradictory to" in lines 13 is closest in meaning to which of the following expressions?

23. The word ―primary‖ in the passage could best be replaced by

24. The word ―onset‖ in the passage is closest in meaning to

25. The word ―syndrome‖ in the passage is closest in meaning to

26. The word ―etiologies‖ in the passage is closest in meaning to

REFERENCES

37
Meeting 3 : https://www.google.com/amp/s/amp.kompas.com/skola/read/2020/10/05/153003669/simple-
present-tense-pengertian-dan-contohnya
https://www.suara.com/news/2021/01/27/173147/10-contoh-kalimat-present-tense
Master grammar in an instant without a teacher Written By : Nicthia Lovure

Meeting 4 : https://desainggris.com/4-rumus-past-tense-beserta-fungsi-dan-contoh-kalimatnya/
https://www.toppr.com/guides/english/tenses/past-tense/

Meeting 5 : https://desainggris.com/4-rumus-future-tense-beserta-fungsi-dan-contoh-kalimatnya/#
https://azbahasainggris.com/future-tense

Meeting 6 : https://www.wallstreetenglish.co.id/belajar-grammar/passive-voice/
https://www.edudose.com/english/active-and-passive-voice-rules/

Meeting 7 : https://www.intraxenglish.com/preposition-pengertian-jenis-contoh-kalimat/
https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/grammar/prepositions

Meeting 8 : https://www.thoughtco.com/how-to-find-the-main-idea-3212047
https://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_stated_and_unstated_main_idea
https://muhammadfaishalblog.wordpress.com/2016/12/02/main-idea-topic-sentence-and-supporting-sentence/
https://www.kompas.com/skola/read/2020/10/27/210125069/jenis-paragraf-induktif-deduktif-deduktif-
induktif-dan-ineratif?page=2

Meeting 11 : https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/
(https://www.ef.co.id)

Meeting 12 : https://examples.yourdictionary.com/examples-of-double-negatives.html
https://www.thoughtco.com/semi-negative-1691942
https://toeflonlinecourse.blogspot.com/2017/11/skill9-listen-for-almost-negative.html?m=1

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