Yashwantroa Bhonsale Polytechnic

Computer Department

A
Micro-Project
On
Polyphase Circuit
Submitted To
MSBTE
In Partial Fulfilment of Requirement of Diploma Of
Computer Engineering
Under I Scheme
Submitted By:

Mr. Kunal Vijay Masurkar

Mr. Prasanna Prasad Kadrekar
Mr. Govind Gurunath Gawade
Mr. Manohar Santosh Naik
Mr. Atamaram Yashwant Jadhav
Mr. Somesh Sanjay Raje
Mr. Siddhesh Deepak Pawar

Under The Guidance Of:

Prof. S.M. Bane
For Academic Year 2020-2021
YASHWANTRAO BHONSALE POLYTECHNIC

Polyphase Circuit Page 1

Yashwantroa Bhonsale Polytechnic
Computer Department

MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF

TECHNICAL EDUCATION
Certificate
This is to certify that,
Mr. Kunal Vijay Masurkar Roll No.18
Mr. Prasanna Prasad Kadrekar Roll No.14
Mr. Govind Gurunath Gawade Roll No.07
Mr. Manohar Santosh Naik Roll No.24
Mr. Atamaram Yashwant Jadhav Roll No.10
Mr. Somesh Sanjay Raje Roll No.29
Mr. Siddhesh Deepak Pawar Roll No.27

Of 2nd semester of diploma in Computer Engineering Of institute

Yashwantrao Bhonsale Polytechnic (1742) has completed the term
work satisfactorily in Course Elements Of Electrical Engineering
(22215) For the academic year 2020-2021 as prescribed in the
curriculum.

Subject Teacher HOD Principal

Seal of Institution

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Yashwantroa Bhonsale Polytechnic
Computer Department

MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF

TECHNICAL EDUCATION

Certificate

This is to certify that,

Mr…………………………………………………….
Roll No. …… of 2nd semester of diploma in Computer Engineering Of
institute Yashwantrao Bhonsale Polytechnic (1742) has completed the
term work satisfactorily in Course Elements Of Electrical Engineering
(22215).For the academic year 2020-2021 as prescribed in the
curriculum.

Place-Sawantwadi Enrolment No:………………

Date: Exam Seat No:………………

Subject Teacher HOD Principal

Seal of Institution

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Yashwantroa Bhonsale Polytechnic
Computer Department

INDEX

Sr. No. Topic Name Page No.

1 Acknowledgement 5

2 Brief Description 6-13

3 Aim Of Project 14

4 Course Outcome 15

5 Actual Procedure 16

6 Actual Resources 17

7 Output Of Micro-project 18

8 Skill Developed 19

9 Conclusion 20

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Yashwantroa Bhonsale Polytechnic
Computer Department

Acknowledgement
First we would like to take this opportunity to thank our lecturer Mr.S.M. Bane for guidance
and advice on this project.

We are very much thankful to Principal Mr.G.A.Bhosale for this support and encouragement.
This work we complete with blessings of our family members. we express our sincere gratitude
towards them for their kind co-operation and encouragement which helped us in completion of
this project. we would like to express our sincere thanks to all teaching and nonteaching staff of
department computer engineering, YBP for their expert advice and help. It was indeed a fabulous
experience and learning for us to work on this project.

Last but not least we would like to thank all our friends and well-wishers who were involved
directly or indirectly in successful completion of the present work.

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Yashwantroa Bhonsale Polytechnic
Computer Department

BRIEF DESCRICPTION
INTRODUCTION
A polyphase system is a means of distributing alternating-current (AC) electrical power where
the power transfer is constant during each electrical cycle. AC phase refers to the phase offset
value (in degrees) between AC in multiple conducting wires; phases may also refer to the
corresponding terminals and conductors, as in color codes. Polyphase systems have three or
more energized electrical conductors carrying alternating currents with a defined phase between
the voltage waves in each conductor; for three-phase voltage, the phase angle is 120° or 2π/3
radians. Polyphase systems are particularly useful for transmitting power to electric motors
which rely on alternating current to rotate. The most common example is the three-phase power
system used for industrial applications and for power transmission. Compared to a single-phase,
two-wire system, a three-phase three-wire system transmits three times as much power for the
same conductor size and voltage.

(Fig.1)

Systems with more than three phases are often used for rectifier and power conversion systems,
and have been studied for power transmission.

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Computer Department

TYPES OF POLYPHASE CIRCUIT:

The polyphase system may be a two-phase system, three-phase system or six-phase system. But
mainly the three-phase system is used for all practical purposes.Polyphase or we can say Three
Phase System is universally adopted for a generation, transmission and distribution of electric
power because of its practical utility and various advantagesSo, whenever the term Polyphase is
used, it means a Three Phase System unless it is mentioned otherwise.

THREE PHASE CIRCUIT (SYSTEM):

Definition: The system which has three phases, i.e., the current will pass through the three wires,
and there will be one neutral wire for passing the fault current to the earth is known as the three
phase system. In other words, the system which uses three wires for generation, transmission and
distribution is known as the three phase system. The three phase system is also used as a single
phase system if one of their phase and the neutral wire is taken out from it. The sum of the line
currents in the 3-phase system is equal to zero, and their phases are differentiated at an angle of
120º

(Fig.2)

The three-phase system has four wire, i.e., the three current carrying conductors and the one
neutral. The cross section area of the neutral conductor is half of the live wire. The current in the
neutral wire is equal to the sum of the line current of the three wires and consequently equal to
√3 times the zero phase sequence components of current

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Computer Department

TYPES OF CONNECTIONS IN THREE PHASE SYSTEM:

The three-phase systems are connected in two ways, i.e., the star connection and the delta
connection. Their detail explanation is shown below.

1.STAR CONNECTION:
Star Connection

The star connection requires four wires in which there are three phase conductors and one neutral
conductor. Such type of connection is mainly used for long distance transmission because it has a
neutral point. The neutral point passes the unbalanced current to the earth and hence make the
system balance.

(Fig.3)

Star connected three phase systems gives two different voltages, i.e., the 230 v and 440v. The
voltage between the single phase and the neutral is 230v, and the voltage between the two phases
is equal to the 440v

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Computer Department

2.DELTA CONNECTION:
The delta connection has three wires, and there is a no neutral point. The delta connection is
shown in the figure below. The line voltage of the delta connection is equal to the phase voltage.

(Fig.4)

A delta connection is a connection used in a three-phase electrical system in which three

elements in series form a triangle, the supply being input and output at the three junctions.
In the US, which uses mostly single-phase transformers, three identical single-phase
transformers are often wired in a transformer bank in a delta connection, to create a three-phase
transformer.
The delta connection consists of three-phase windings connected end-to-end which are 120°
apart from each other electrically.
A delta connection is a connection used in a three-phase electrical system in which three
elements in series form a triangle, the supply being input and output at the three junctions.

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Computer Department

CONNECTION OF LOADS IN THREE PHASE SYSTEM:

The loads in the three-phase system may also connect in the star or delta. The three phase loads
connected in the delta and star is shown in the figure below.

(Fig.5)

The three phase load may be balanced or unbalanced. If the three loads (impedances) Z1, Z2 and
Z3 has the same magnitude and phase angle then the three phase load is said to be a balanced
load. Under balance condition, all the phases and the line voltages are equal in magnitude.

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Computer Department

ADVANTAGES:
The advantages of polyphase system over single phase systems are given below:

1. Power delivered is constant. In single phase circuit the power delivered is pulsating and
objectionable for many applications.

2. For a given frame size a polyphase machine gives a higher output than a single phase machine.

3. Polyphase induction motors are self-starting and are more efficient. Single phase motor has no
starting torque and requires an auxiliary means for starting.

4. Comparing with single phase motor, three phase induction motor has higher power factor and
efficiency.

5. Three phase motors are very robust, relatively cheap,generally smaller, have self-starting
properties, provide a steadier output and require little maintenance compared with single phase
motors.

6. For transmitting the same amount of power at the same voltage, a three phase transmission
line requires less conductor material than a single phase line. The three phase transmission
system is so cheaper.

7. For a given amount of power transmitted through a system, the three phase system requires
conductors with a smaller cross-sectional area.

8. This means a saving of copper and thus the original installation costs are less.

9. Polyphase motors have uniform torque whereas most of the single phase motors have
pulsating torque.

10. Parallel operation of three-phase generators is simpler than that of single phase generator.

11. Polyphase system can set up rotating magnetic field in stationary windings.

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Computer Department

DISADVANTAGES:
Disadvantages of polyphase system over single phase

1. Unbalanced loading (can cause voltage fluctuations)

2. Complex System (requires symmetrical components for analysis and operation)

3. Phase Sequence needed to be kept in mind while making connections

APPLICATION:
Polyphase systems are particularly useful for transmitting power to electric motors which rely on
alternating current to rotate. The most common example is the three-phase power system
used for industrial applications and for power transmission.

Polyphase System is a combination of two or more than two voltages having same magnitude
and frequency but displaced from each other by an equal electrical angle. As poly means, many
(more than one) and phase means windings or circuits. Each of them has a single alternating
voltage of the same magnitude and frequency.

Polyphase supply systems have a number of advantages over single-phase systems including the
fact that, for a given amount of electrical power transmitted, the total power loss is lower in the
polyphase system; moreover, the total volume of conductor material needed in the cable is less.
For these and other reasons, power is transmitted across the nation by a three-phase system.
Another feature is that the torque produced by a single-phase motor is pulsating rather than
rotating; that is, an ideal single-phase motor has no starting torque! In order to cause the rotor of
a single-phase motor to begin to rotate, it is necessary (at starting) to convert it to a two-phase
motor. On the other hand, polyphase motors produce a smooth torque, and their speed can be
controlled using relatively straightforward methods.

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Computer Department

COMPARISON BETWEEN POLYPHASE THREE

PHASE AND SINGLE PHASE SYSTEM:

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Computer Department

AIM OF PROJECT:

*To study the working of Polyphase circuit and connection

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Computer Department

COURSE OUTCOME

 Use Three Phase AC Supply For Industrial Purpose

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Computer Department

ACTUAL PROCEDURE
 Collecting information about the Polyphase circuit in various parts.

 Assembling the information about the micro project.

 Preparing the report.

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Computer Department

ACTUAL RESOURCE USED

 Reference Book -1.Elements Of Electrical Engineering by J.S Katre

 Links:-1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyphase_system

2. https://circuitglobe.com/what-is-a-polyphase-system.html

3. https://www.testandmeasurementtips.com/basics-of-polyphase- power/

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Computer Department

MICRO PROJECT OUTPUT


 Understood about the Polyphase Circuit and the working of the various type.

 Understood about the industrial and household use of polyphase circuit.

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Yashwantroa Bhonsale Polytechnic
Computer Department

SKILL DEVELOPED

 Project making skill.

 Also skills about co-ordination, time management developed by performing this project

 Skills like presentation,. Discipline.

 Developing idea of project.

 Using the various resources to make the project.

 Team work.

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Yashwantroa Bhonsale Polytechnic
Computer Department

CONCLUSION:
Almost everyone on the planet understands that for a two-wire circuit to work, both conductors
must connect from the power source to the load. But when it comes to three-phase, most non-
electricians profess ignorance. Actually, once you understand the basics, three phase is easier
than single phase, because for a given load, the conductors are smaller, making for easier
terminations and less conduit and box fill. For a given horsepower, the ubiquitous three-phase
induction motor is less expensive and easier to wire. To change the direction of rotation, reverse
any two of the three supply wires.

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