Shear and Moment Diagrams for

Beams and Frames

Lecture 6 Part-b

Structural Analysis
(Chapter - )
By
R. C. Hibbeler /Alexander Chajes

Course: Structural Analysis

Instructor: Dr. Shahzad Saleem
Department of Civil Engineering

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University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila
Structural Analysis University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila

5.5 Relationship between Load, Shear, and Bending Moments:

Example:
Consider the differential element shown:
w P
M1
+ ෍ 𝐹𝑦 = 0: 1

𝑉 − 𝑉 + 𝑑𝑉 − 𝑤𝑑𝑥 = 0 dx

𝑉 − 𝑉 − 𝑑𝑉 − 𝑤𝑑𝑥 = 0
𝑑𝑉 = −𝑤𝑑𝑥
w y
𝑑𝑉 V V+dV
= −𝑤
𝑑𝑥
1 x
The change in shear between two points along the M+dM
M O
member is equal to the load between the points.
dx
Minus sign ≡ decrease in shear
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Structural Analysis University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila

5.5 Relationship between Load, Shear, and Bending Moments:

Example:
Consider the differential element shown:
w P
M1
+ ෍ 𝑀𝑂 = 0: 1

𝑑𝑥
−𝑤𝑑𝑥 ∙ − 𝑉 + 𝑑𝑉 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑀 + 𝑀 + 𝑑𝑀 = 0 dx
2
𝑤 2
− ∙ 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑉𝑑𝑥 − 𝑑𝑉 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑑𝑀 = 0 𝑑𝑥
2 2
neglected neglected y
w
−𝑉𝑑𝑥 = −𝑑𝑀 V V+dV
𝑑𝑀 1 x
∴ =𝑉
𝑑𝑥 M+dM
M O
The slope of the moment diagram at any point is
equal to the shear at that point. dx

The change in moment between two points is equal to the area

𝑑𝑀 = 𝑉𝑑𝑥 of the shear diagram between the points. 3
Structural Analysis University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila

5.5 Relationship between Load, Shear, and Bending Moments:

Example:
Consider the differential element shown:
w P
M1
+ ෍ 𝐹𝑦 = 0: 2

𝑉 − 𝑃 − 𝑉 + 𝑑𝑉 = 0 dx

𝑑𝑉 = −𝑃

The shear decreases by an amount equal to the P y

concentrated load. V V+dV
2 x
(a concentrated load results in an abrupt change in
the shear force diagram) M O M+dM
dx

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Structural Analysis University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila

5.5 Relationship between Load, Shear, and Bending Moments:

Example:
Consider the differential element shown:
w P
M1
+ ෍ 𝑀𝑂 = 0: 3

−𝑀 + 𝑀 + 𝑑𝑀 − 𝑀1 = 0 dx

𝑑𝑀 = 𝑀1

A couple results in an abrupt change of the bending y

moment diagram.
M1
3 x
M+dM
MO
dx

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Structural Analysis University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila

5.6 Construction of Shear and Bending Moment Diagram:

Example 5.1:
Construct the shear and bending-moment diagram
10 k 20 k
for the beam shown in the figure.
A C D B
Solution: R2
(1) Calculate the reactions:

𝑅2 = 0 6’ 6’ 8’ R3
+ ෍ 𝐹𝑥 = 0: R1

+ ෍ 𝑀𝐴 = 0: Check the results:

+ ෍ 𝑀𝐵 = 0:
−10 6 − 20 12 + 𝑅3(20) = 0

∴ 𝑅3 = 15 k ↑ −15 20 + 10 14 + 20(8) = 0
0=0
+ ෍ 𝐹𝑦 = 0:

𝑅1 + 15 − 10 − 20 = 0 ∴ 𝑅1 = 15 k ↑ 6
Structural Analysis University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila

5.6 Construction of Shear and Bending Moment Diagram:

Example 5.1: Construct the shear and bending-moment diagram
for the beam shown in the figure. a 10 k 20 k
Solution:
A C D B
Show all the reactions on a diagram
Section a-a: x a
10 k 15 k 15 k
M 6’ 6’ 8’
A O
V (k)
15
x 5
15 k V S.F.D.
x

+ ෍ 𝑀𝑂 = 0:
-15
∴ 𝑀 𝑥 = 15𝑥, 0≤𝑥≤6 120
90
𝑀 6 = 15 6 = 90 k − ft, M (k-ft)

x
Area of shear force diagram = 15(6) = 90 k-ft
B.M.D.
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Structural Analysis University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila

5.6 Construction of Shear and Bending Moment Diagram:

Example 5.1: Construct the shear and bending-moment diagram
for the beam shown in the figure. a 10 k 20 k
Solution:
A C D B
Change in moment between C and D is
equal to the area of the shear force x a
15 k 15 k
diagram between C and D. 6’ 6’ 8’
Area = + 5(6) = 30 V (k)
15
∴𝑀 12
= 90 + 30 = 120 k − ft 5 S.F.D.
x

Between D and B, Area of S.F.D. = - 15(8) = - 120

-15
∴𝑀 20
= 120 − 120 = 0 120
M (k-ft) 90
Note: The maximum moment occurs
where the shear force changes sign. x

B.M.D.
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Structural Analysis University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila

Example 5.2: Construct the shear and bending-moment diagram for the beam shown in the figure.

Solution: 20 kN/m

(1) Calculate the reactions: A

R2 C
B
+ ෍ 𝐹𝑥 = 0: 𝑅2 = 0 R1
R3
4m 8m
+ ෍ 𝑀𝐵 = 0:
6m 20 (12) = 240 kN
𝑅3 8 − 240 2 = 0
20 kN/m
∴ 𝑅3 = 60 kN ↑
A
R2 C
B
+ ෍ 𝐹𝑦 = 0: R1
R3
4m 8m
𝑅1 + 60 − 240 = 0

∴ 𝑅1 = 180 kN ↑ 9
Structural Analysis University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila

Example 5.2: Construct the shear and bending-moment diagram for the beam shown in the figure.

Solution: 20 kN/m

Show the reactions on a diagram A

C
B
The change in shear between two points
180 kN
is equal to the area of the load diagram
60 kN
between the two points. 4m 8m
+100
Area of load between A and B = - 20(4) = - 80 kN
S.F.D.
x
Area of load between B and C = - 20(8) = - 160 kN
-80 -60

∴ 𝑉 = +100 − 160 = −60 kN

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Structural Analysis University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila

Example 5.2: Construct the shear and bending-moment diagram for the beam shown in the figure.
a 20 kN/m
Solution:
Show the reactions on a diagram A
C
Area of S.F.D. between A and B = a B
1 180 kN
− 80 4 = −160 kN − m 60 kN
2 4m 8m
Section a-a: 20x +100
x/2
20 kN/m S.F.D.
M
O x
A

x -80 -60
V
𝑥
+ ෍ 𝑀𝑂 = 0: 𝑀 + 20 𝑥 =0
2
x
2
∴ 𝑀 𝑥 = −10𝑥 , 0≤𝑥 ≤4m
𝑀 4 = −10 42 = −160 kN − m B.M.D.
11
-160
Structural Analysis University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila

Example 5.2: Construct the shear and bending-moment diagram for the beam shown in the figure.
a 20 kN/m
Solution:
Calculate x: A
C
From similar triangles: a B
𝑥 100 180 kN
= 60𝑥 = 800 − 100𝑥 60 kN
8−𝑥 60 4m 8m
160𝑥 = 800 𝑥 =5m +100
Area of S.F.D. between B and X S.F.D.
1 x
= + 100 5 = 250 kN ∙ m X
2 x
∴ 𝑀𝑋 = −160 + 250 = 90 𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚 -80 -60

Area of S.F.D. between X and C +90

1 x
= − 60 3 = −90 kN ∙ m
2
∴ 𝑀𝐶 = +90 − 90 = 0 B.M.D.
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-160
Structural Analysis University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila

Example 5.3: Draw the shear and bending-moment diagram for the beam shown in the figure.

Solution:
(1) Calculate the reactions: 10 (6) = 60 kN
3m
10 kN/m 20 kN
+ ෍ 𝐹𝑥 = 0: 𝑅2 = 0
B
A
+ ෍ 𝑀𝐴 = 0: R2 C
O
R1 R3
−60 3 + 𝑅3 10 − 20 14 = 0
6m 4m 4m
∴ 𝑅3 = 46 kN ↑

+ ෍ 𝐹𝑦 = 0:

𝑅1 + 46 − 60 − 20 = 0

∴ 𝑅1 = 34 kN ↑ 13
Structural Analysis University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila

Example 5.3: Draw the shear and bending-moment diagram for the beam shown in the figure.
10 kN/m 20 kN
Solution:
B
S.F.D.: A
C
𝑉𝑂 = 34 − 10 6 = −26 kN O
34 kN 46 kN
𝑉𝐵 = −26 + 46 = 20 kN
6m 4m 4m
Distance to Zero Shear:
34
From Similar Triangles: 20
6-x S.F.D.
34 26 x
=
𝑥 6−𝑥
x
26𝑥 = 34 6 − 34𝑥 -26
𝑥 = 3.4 m

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Structural Analysis University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila

Example 5.3: Draw the shear and bending-moment diagram for the beam shown in the figure.
10 kN/m 20 kN
Solution:
B
B.M.D.: A
C
Mmax = Area of triangle O
34 kN 46 kN
1
= 3.4 34 = 57.8 kN ∙ m
2 6m 4m 4m
1
𝑀𝑂 = 57.8 − 6 − 3.4 26 34
2 6-x
20
S.F.D.
= 24 kN ∙ m x
𝑀𝐵 = 24 − 26 4 = −80 kN ∙ m x

𝑀𝐶 = −80 + 20 4 = 0 -26
57.8
24
x

B.M.D.
15
-80