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1.identifying The Problem

Engineering problem solving typically involves 8 basic steps: 1) identifying the problem, 2) gathering information, 3) searching for creative solutions using techniques like brainstorming, 4) overcoming obstacles to creative thinking, 5) moving ideas to preliminary designs using models, 6) evaluating and selecting the best solution, 7) preparing reports, plans and specifications, and 8) implementing the design. Common modeling techniques include mathematical, computer simulation, and physical models. The goal is to properly define the problem, consider different perspectives, develop multiple solutions, test ideas, and ultimately implement the selected design.

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clinton khang'azi
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56 views

1.identifying The Problem

Engineering problem solving typically involves 8 basic steps: 1) identifying the problem, 2) gathering information, 3) searching for creative solutions using techniques like brainstorming, 4) overcoming obstacles to creative thinking, 5) moving ideas to preliminary designs using models, 6) evaluating and selecting the best solution, 7) preparing reports, plans and specifications, and 8) implementing the design. Common modeling techniques include mathematical, computer simulation, and physical models. The goal is to properly define the problem, consider different perspectives, develop multiple solutions, test ideas, and ultimately implement the selected design.

Uploaded by

clinton khang'azi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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10.

BASIC STEPS IN ENGINEERING PROBLEM SOLUTION


INTRODUCTION
Engineering design is the creative process of identifying needs and then divising a solution to fill
those needs. The solution may be a product, technique, structure, project method or other
things depending on the problem.
Problem solving is the process of determining the possible action to take in a given situation.
Not every engineer uses the same steps in their design process.
Most of the steps used by engineers in the design method are:
1. Identifying the problem
2. Gathering needed information
3. Searching creative solutions
4. Overcoming obstacles to creative thinking
5. Moving from ideas to preliminary designs (including modelling)
6. Evaluating and selecting a preferred solution
7. Preparing reports, plans specifications (project planning)
8. Implementing the design (project implementation)
1.IDENTIFYING THE PROBLEM

This is a very important in problem solution.


An improper definition of the problem will cause the engineer to waste time or arrive to an
incorrect solution. The stated needs should be real needs.
A great design may be worthless if it duplicates other known designs or doesn’t benefit many
people.
Broadly define the needs of and distinguish them from possible solutions. The needs should not
be overlooked.
The problems and needs should be stated in objective terms/specific terms as much as
possible. Where specific measurements are required, they should be stated. The engineer
should also be careful not to make the problem unnecessarily bound.
Placing too much constrains on the problem make the solution extremely difficult or
impossible.
2.GATHERING NEEDED INFORMATION
After identifying the problem, an engineer begins to research and gather all information and
data necessary to solve the problem. It could be in form of physical measurements, maps,
results of laboratory experiments, patents, results of opinions surveys or any other type of
information.
Engineers should always try to build on what has already been done before. Information on
related problems that have been solved or unsolved may help engineers find the best solutions.
3.SEARCHING FOR CREATIVE SOLUTIONS
There are several techniques to help a group or an individual in obtaining a creative solution.
These are; brainstorming, checklists, attribute listing, the forced relationship technique and
adopting a different point of view.
Brainstorming
It is a popular technique for group problem solving.
BRAINSTORMING RULES
Typically, a brainstorming session consists of 6 to 12 people
who spontaneously introduce ideas designed to solve a 1. All ideas are encouraged
specific problem. In these sessions, encourage and record all 2. Record as many ideas possible
ideas including those that appear completely impractical. Do 3. Combine and improve ideas
not allow judgment or evaluation of ideas during the idea 4. Delay judgment and evaluation of
generation session. Generate as many ideas as possible and ideas until end
encourage people to build upon the ideas of others. Evaluate the ideas after the session is
complete.
Individuals can also use the same techniques to brainstorming without a group.
Checklists
Its one of the simplest methods of generating ideas. The checklists encourage the user to
examine various points, areas and design possibilities.
For example, to improve a gadget, you may need a checklist like this;
Ways the gadget could be put to other uses
Ways the gadget could be modified
Ways the gadget could be rearranged
Ways the gadget could be magnified or reduced etc…

Different points of view


People sometimes stretch their minds by adopting different points of view.
Attribute listing
All the major characteristics/attributes of product, object or ideas are isolated no matter how
impractical. After all ideas are listed, evaluate each idea bringing to light possible improvements
that can be made to the design of the product.
4. OVERCOMMING OBSTACLES TO CREATIVE SOLUTIONS
Avoid placing unnecessary constrains to the problem being solved. Be open to a variety of
problem solving strategies.
Allow time for incubation after periods of intensive concentrations. Divide complex problems to
into manageable parts and concentrate on solving one part at a time
Search for different ways to view the problem, avoid preconceived beliefs and stereotypical
thinking.
5.MOVING FROM IDEAS TO PRELIMINARY DESIGN
For engineers to move from ideas to preliminary design, they must sort through the possible
solution and determine which ones are workable and which might have promise.
The promising ideas are then molded and worked into plans. Preliminary designs evolve
through analysis and synthesis. The engineer must critically examine and study possible
To the facilitate the design process, engineers often rely on models. A model simplifies a system
or process so that it can be better studied, understood and used in a design.
Commonly used in engineering include;
Mathematical models

Usually consists of one or more equation that describe a physical system. The mathematical models are
usually employed for simple systems.

Computer simulation models

This allows engineers to examine complex systems. A computer program is developed to


describe a system, and this model may then be subjected to many different simulated
operating conditions.
Physical models
This model has long been used by engineers to understand complex systems. Physical models have an
advantage in that they allow engineers to study a device structure of system with little or no prior
knowledge of its behavior or need to make simplifying assumptions.

6.EVALUATING AND SELECTING A PREFERRED SOLUTION

There are many criteria used to evaluate a solution or a design depending on the nature of the
problem.
If the solution involves a product, great importance may be placed on safety, cost, reliability
and consumer acceptability.
Many designers use prototypes to the test the operation of a design. The designer could then
identify any weak areas of the design and attempt to improve upon them. No ideas should Ibe
discarded solely on the basis of one prototype or one test.
7.PREPARING REPORTS, PLANS AND SPECIFICATIONS
After the selection of the preferred design, it must be communicated to those who must
approve it, support it and translate to reality.
Engineering drawings, written and oral communications and scheduling and planning a design
project are very important in implementing smoothly and efficiently.
Technical drawings show what the design looks like, what parts are necessary, how to assemble
it and how to operate once is constracted.
8.IMPLEMENTING THE DESIGN
This is the final stage in solving a problem solving. It is the process of producing or constructing
a physical device, product or system.
Engineers must plan and oversee the production of devices or products and supervise the
construction of engineered projects.
Different engineers may be involved in the final phase.
For the design engineer implementing the design is the most satisfying stage of all.
REFERENCES
SIMON, HAROLD A.,A Student Introduction To Engineering Design, New York: Pergamon Press Inc.,
1975,p.p, 100-101

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