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Descriptive & Inferential Statistics Classification

Descriptive statistics help describe and understand data through measures of central tendency like the mean, median, and mode. The mean is calculated by adding all values and dividing by the total number of values. Descriptive statistics provide short summaries about a sample through measures, graphs, and tables to convey insights about the data. Inferential statistics make predictions about a broader population based on a sample through probability. Classification organizes data into groups based on common attributes like location, time period, qualitative characteristics, or quantitative measurements.

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36 views

Descriptive & Inferential Statistics Classification

Descriptive statistics help describe and understand data through measures of central tendency like the mean, median, and mode. The mean is calculated by adding all values and dividing by the total number of values. Descriptive statistics provide short summaries about a sample through measures, graphs, and tables to convey insights about the data. Inferential statistics make predictions about a broader population based on a sample through probability. Classification organizes data into groups based on common attributes like location, time period, qualitative characteristics, or quantitative measurements.

Uploaded by

Bhadratanu Panda
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Descriptive Statistics

It helps to describe and understand the structures of a specific data set by giving
short summaries about the sample and measures of the data.
The most recognized types of descriptive statistics are measures of center: the
mean, median, and mode, which are used at almost all levels of math and
statistics.
The mean, or the average, is calculated by adding all the figures within the data
set and then dividing by the number of figures within the set.
People use descriptive statistics to understand quantitative insights across a large
data set into bite-sized descriptions.
For example, a student's grade point average (GPA),
It provides a good understanding of descriptive statistics. The idea of
a GPA is that it takes data points from a wide range of exams, classes, and
grades, and averages them together to provide a general understanding of a
student's overall academic performance. A student's personal GPA reflects
their mean academic performance.

Types of Descriptive Statistics


All descriptive statistics are either measures of central tendency or measures
of variability, also known as measures of dispersion.
Measures of central tendency focus on the average or middle values of data
sets, whereas measures of variability focus on the dispersion of data.

These two measures use graphs, tables and general discussions to help people
understand the meaning of the analyzed data.

Inferential Statistics:
Inferential Statistics makes inferences and predictions about extensive data by
considering a sample data from the original data. It uses probability to reach
conclusions.

The best real-world example of “Inferential Statistics” is, predicting the amount
of rainfall we get in the next month by Weather Forecast.

The goal of inferential statistics is to draw conclusions from a sample and


generalize them to a population
Classification of Data
Classification is the process of arranging the collected data into classes and to
subclasses according to their common characteristics. Classification is the
grouping of related facts into classes. E.g. sorting of letters in post office

Types of classification
There are four types of classification. They are
 Geographical classification
 Chronological classification
 Qualitative classification
 Quantitative classification

(i) Geographical classification


When data are classified on the basis of location or areas, it is called geographical
classification
Example: Classification of production of food grains in different states in India.
States Production of food grains (in '000 tons)
Tamil Nadu 4500
Karnataka 4200
Andhra Pradesh 3600
(ii) Chronological classification
Chronological classification means classification on the basis of time, like
months, years etc.
Year Profits ( in 000 Rupees)
2001 72
2002 85
(iii) Qualitative classification
In Qualitative classification, data are classified on the basis of some attributes or
quality such as sex, colour of hair, literacy and religion. In this type of
classification, the attribute under study cannot be measured. It can only be found
out whether it is present or absent in the units of study.

(iv) Quantitative classification


Quantitative classification refers to the classification of data according
to some characteristics, which can be measured such as height, weight,
income, profits etc.
Example: The students of a school may be classified according to the
weight as follows
Weight (in kgs) No of Studemts
40-50 50
50-60 200
60-70 300

There are two types of quantitative classification of data. They are


 Discrete frequency distribution
 Continuous frequency distribution
In this type of classification there are two elements

(i) variable
(ii) frequency

Variable
Variable refers to the characteristic that varies in magnitude or quantity. E.g.
weight of the students. A variable may be discrete or continuous.

Discrete variable
A discrete variable can take only certain specific values that are whole numbers
(integers). E.g. Number of children in a family or Number of class rooms in a
school.

Continuous variable
A Continuous variable can take any numerical value within a specific interval.
Example: the average weight of a particular class student is between 60 and 80
kgs.
Frequency
Frequency refers to the number of times each variable gets repeated.

For example there are 50 students having weight of 60 kgs. Here 50 students is
the frequency.

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