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Lab Report - Circulation and Respiration

The experiment measured various factors related to the circulatory and respiratory systems of two participants, Simran and Simon. Measurements included resting and post-exercise pulse and breathing rates, blood pressure, heart sounds, and lung capacity. For both participants, pulse, breathing rate, and blood pressure increased with exercise and returned to normal levels afterwards. Lung capacity measurements fell within normal ranges. The results provided insight into how the circulatory and respiratory systems respond to changes in activity level.

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Simran
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181 views

Lab Report - Circulation and Respiration

The experiment measured various factors related to the circulatory and respiratory systems of two participants, Simran and Simon. Measurements included resting and post-exercise pulse and breathing rates, blood pressure, heart sounds, and lung capacity. For both participants, pulse, breathing rate, and blood pressure increased with exercise and returned to normal levels afterwards. Lung capacity measurements fell within normal ranges. The results provided insight into how the circulatory and respiratory systems respond to changes in activity level.

Uploaded by

Simran
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lab Report: Circulation and Respiration

The Aim:

The main aim of this experiment was to study factors that affect our respiratory and circulatory
systems. By performing different exercises and taking down the numbers and observations from
those exercises.

Materials used:

• 1 Stethoscope
• 1 Spirometers
• 2 Mouth pieces
• 1 Timer
• 1 Digital blood pressure monitor

Method:

1) Pulse: Measure the person’s resting pulse by placing 2 fingers against the neck or wrist for
30 seconds, then multiply by 2 to get the beats per minute. Perform the same action, but
measure the pulse directly after a few minutes of exercise. Then measure the pulse a few
minutes after the exercise while resting. Therefore measuring the pulse 3 time in 3 different
circumstances.

1) Breathing Rate: Lay the person down on a table, flat on their back. Then have another
person set a timer for 30 seconds and count each breath the other person (on the table) takes,
then multiply the numbers by 2 to get the breaths per minute. Then exercise for 2 minutes to
increase the breathing rate and directly after measure the breath rate Finally after a few
minutes of rest (after the exercise) measure the breath rate again and write it down.

2) Blood Pressure: Use a digital blood pressure monitor and fasten it around the person’s arm
to measure the blood pressure. After the writing down the numbers, perform the same action
2 more times to gather a more accurate result.

3) Heart Beat: Use a stethoscope to measure the heartbeat, on direct skin.

4) Lung Capacity: Use the spirometers to measure the person’s lung capacity. First place a
mouth piece over the opening of the spirometer and then exhale until unable to, then write
down the number shown. Do this action 2 more times and make sure to reset the spirometer,
to get an accurate result.
The Results:

What was measured: Simran Simon

Resting Pulse (beats/ min) 66 74


Pulse after exercise 114 100
(beats/ min)
Pulse 3 min after exercise (beats/ 82 66
min)
Blood Pressure systolic/diastolic 121/74 123/74
(mm Hg)
Resting breathing rate (breaths/ 20 19
min)
Breathing rate after exercise 30 27
(breaths/ min)
Breathing rate 2 min after 17 18
exercise (breaths/ min)
Vital capacity (ml) 1800 3000

Conclusion and Discussion:

In the experiments conducted, the heart beats were heard by using the stethoscope. The sound
made by the heart beats resembled the sound of a soft thump and they were rhythmic. The
sounds of the heart beat are caused by the opening and closing of the heart valves as they pump
blood, making a sound resembling the word “lub-dub”. The “lub” sound occurs when the
atrioventricular valve closes and the “dub” sound occurs when the semilunar valve closes.

When measuring the pulse it is common to see numbers between 70-100, since these are the
normal numbers for a resting pulse. Factors that may affect someone’s pulse can be: exercise,
this can increase the pulse rate of a person substantially, since the body is taking in a large
amounts of oxygen. Body position, when sitting for too long in the same position, then suddenly
standing up affects the pulse rate, making it increase for the first few seconds. Medication, some
medication such as beta blockers that block adrenaline can affect the pulse rate, by slowing it
down. Emotions and body size, some emotions such as anxiety and stress can raise the pulse
rate. Those who are especially obese might have a higher resting pulse rate.
While measuring the blood pressure of an individual 2 numbers are shown. The 1st number
(systolic) shows the highest pressure when the heart beats and pushes the blood around the body,
whilst the 2nd number (diastolic) shows the lowest pressure when the heart relaxes between the
beats. A normal bpm is around 120/80 mmHg. Some factors that may affect blood pressure are:
talking, this can affect the systolic blood pressure measurement. Full bladder, studies have
shown that a full bladder shows a higher blood pressure measurement, the systolic increases.
Alcohol and caffeine, the consumption of beverages that contain caffeine or alcohol can affect
the blood pressure to increase.

The normal breathing rate for an individual is between 12-20 breaths per minute. Different
factors that can affect the breathing rate are: Exercise: when exercising the body is taking in an
increased amount of oxygen which means more shallow (quick) breaths. Age: a person’s age can
affect their breathing rate, such as those who are old and have less efficient lungs. Emotions:
feelings such as anger and pain can increase a person’s subconsciously increase a person’s
breathing rate, since when in situations of stress a large amount of adrenaline is let out which
affects the breathing rate. If the breathing and pulse rate is increased then it will take a maximum
of 10-20 minutes for the values to return back to normal.

Vital capacity is the maximum amount of air exhaled by an individual after maximum inhalation.
Residual volume is the amount of air that remains in the lungs after fully exhaling (opposite of
vital capacity). Tidal volume is the amount of air that is moved in and out of the lungs during
each ventilation cycle. The normal vital capacity for an individual is between 3000-5000 ml.
Some factors that can affect the lung capacity of an individual are: Age, lungs regularly reach
their maximum capacity in early adulthood and then decline over time. Height, this can
sometimes affect an individuals lung capacity later in life, for instance someone who is taller
may have a decrease in lung capacity as they get older. Exercise, exercising regularly makes the
lungs work even more to supply the oxygen to the muscles, which is why exercising increases
the lung capacity of a person.

The Evaluation:
I believe that my partner and I completed each task properly and swiftly. We made sure to follow
the instructions and to answer and conduct the experiment as reliable as possible. The only thing
that I would change about this experiment would be to include a time limit on some of the
questions. For instance those that require exercise, so that everybody can compare their results
and see different outcomes of the same experiment.

Written by: Simran Swain, IB19A

Refrences:

https://www.suntechmed.com/blog/entry/4-bp-measurement/49-10-factors-that-can-affect-blood-
pressure-readings
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/in-depth/beta-blockers/art-
20044522

https://training.seer.cancer.gov/anatomy/respiratory/capacity.html

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