Basketball – Basketball is a game played between two teams of five players each on a rectangular court, usually

indoors where each team tries to score by tossing the ball through the opponent’s goal, an elevated horizontal hoop
and net called a basket.

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HISTORY – Basketball was invented by James Naismith on December 1, 1891 at the International Young Men’s
Christian Association (YMCA) Training School, Springfield, Massachusetts, where Naismith was an instructor in
physical education. Basketball is the only major sport strictly of U.S. origin (although Naismith was born in
Canada).

 Basketball was invented by Dr. James Naismith in 1891 in Springfield, Massachusetts.

 The first games used peach baskets nailed to the wall for rims. The first ball used was a soccer ball.
 Dr. Naismith was a college professor who wanted to create a game that his physical education classes could
play inside during the long winters.
 In 1893, he replaced the peach basket with iron hoops and a hammock-style basket.
 In 1913, a hoop with a net was invented so the basketball could fall freely to the ground.
 Basketball was introduced in the Philippines during the American colonial period with the first American
teachers teaching the sport along with baseball through the YMCA and the school system.
 The Philippines became a member of FIBA through the Basketball Association of the Philippines in
1936.
 The Philippines made their debut in the Olympic Games in 1936 where they finished fifth, the best result
of an Asian team in Olympic basketball history. In the same year, the first basketball stamp in the world
was released by the country. The first commercial league was the basketball tournament of the Manila
Industrial and Commercial Athletic Association (MICAA) which was established in 1938.
 PBA - The Philippine Basketball Association is a men’s professional basketball league in the Philippines
composed of 12 company-branded franchised teams.

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EQUIPMENT & FACILITIES – A regulation basketball court in international games is 91.9 feet (28.0 meters)
long and 49.2 feet (15 meters) wide. In the NBA and NCAA, the court is 94 by 50 feet (29 by 15 meters). Most
courts have wood flooring, usually constructed from maple planks running in the same direction as the longer court
dimension. The name and logo of home team is usually painted on or around the center circle.

BASKETBALL HOOPS – It includes single-pole hoop, 4-post hoop, wall-mounted hoop, FIBA approved
basketball hoop, hydraulic basketball hoop, 3-way hoop, villas model hoop.

 Single Pole Hoop – a basketball hoop that can be mounted on the standard ground.
 Hydraulic Hoop – technological crucibles that can grow longer and shorter.
 Wall-mounted – type of crucible mounted on the wall to save spaces in small areas.
 FIBA Approved Basketball Hoop – internationally approved crucible used in professional basketball
competitions.

BACKBOARD – 72 inches wide by 48 inches tall

BASKETBALL RING/ CIRCLE – It is an orange steel rim having a diameter of 18 inches (46 cm).

BASKETBALL NET – It is very important for the safety of basketball. It can be produced using yarns in different
colors and pattern. It hangs down around 15 to 18 inches.
BASKETBALL – For men, the official ball is 29.5 inches/ 75 cm in circumference (size 7 or a 295 ball) and weighs
22 oz. (623.69 grams). For women, 28.5 inches/ 72 cm in circumference (size 6 or 285 ball) with a weight of 20 oz.
(567 grams).

BASKETBALL COURT LINES AND MARKINGS

 Sidelines – two boundary lines running the length of the court.

 Baseline/End Line – sideline to sideline behind the backboard. They are located four feet behind the
basket, and normally have a width of 50 feet. Baseline used for offensive end of the court. End Line is used
for the back court or defensive end of the court.
 Midcourt Line – it divides the court in half. The offensive team only has 8-10 seconds to advance the ball
across the mid court line.
 Free Throw Line – 15 feet away from the backboard. It is used to define the 3-second area.
 Free Throw Circle – 12 feet of diameter.
 Lane Lines – used to align and separate non-shooters.
 Center Circle – 12 foot diameter circle in the center of the court. It is used to start the game and other
jump ball situations.

RULES AND REGULATION OF BASKETBALL

1. The ball may be thrown in any direction with one or both hands.
2. The ball may be batted in any direction with one or both hands (never with the fist).
3. A player cannot run with the ball. The player must throw it from the spot on which he catches it, allowance
to be made for a man who catches the ball when running at a good speed if he tries to stop.
4. The ball must be held in or between the hands; the arms or body must not be used for holding
5. No shouldering, holding, pushing, tripping, or striking in any way the person of an opponent shall be
allowed; the first infringement of this rule by any player shall count as a foul, the second shall disqualify
him until the next goal is made, or, if there was evident intent to injure the person, for whole of the game,
no substitute allowed.
6. A foul is striking at the ball with the fist, violation of Rules 3, 4, and such as described in rule 5.
7. If either side makes three consecutive fouls, it shall count a goal for the opponents (consecutive means
without the opponents in the mean time making a foul).
8. A goal shall be made when the ball is thrown or batted from the grounds into the basket and stays there,
providing those defending the goal do not touch or disturb the goal. If the ball rests on the edges, and the
opponent moves the basket, it shall count as a goal.
9. When the ball goes out of bounds, it shall be thrown into the field of play by the person first touching it. In
case of dispute, the umpire shall throw it straight into the field. The thrower-in is allowed five seconds; if
he holds it longer, it shall go to the opponent. If any side persists in delaying the game, the umpire shall call
a foul on that side.
10. The umpire shall be judge of the men and shall note the fouls and notify the referee when three consecutive
fouls have been made. He shall have power to disqualify men according to Rule 5.
11. The referee shall be judge of ball and shall decide when the ball is in play, in bounds, to which side it
belongs, and shall keep the time. He shall decide when a goal has been made, and keep account of the goals
with any other duties that are usually performed by a referee.
12. The time shall be to 12-minutes halves, with five minutes’ rest between. Comment: Game formats
including length and the number of periods played along with halftime periods vary according to level.
13. The side making the most goals in that time shall be declared as the winner. In case of a draw, the game
may, by agreement of the captains, be continued until another goal is made.
The rules of basketball can vary slightly depending on the level of play (for example professional rules differ from
college rules) or where the game is played (international rules are different from USA professional rules). These rule
differences, however, are usually just variations on the basic game of basketball and the majority of the rules
discussed below can be applied to most any game of basketball played. The winner of a basketball game is the team
with the most points.

SCORING – You get points by throwing the basketball through the opponents hoop or basket. In regular play a
basket made from within the three point line is worth 2 points and a basket shot from outside the three point line is
worth 3 points. When shooting a free throw, each free throw is worth 1 point.

REFEREE HAND SIGNALS

 Violation – Raised arm with open palm.  Illegal Dribble – Patting Motion.
 Foul – Raise arm with clenched fist.  Jump Ball – Thumbs Up.
 Blocking – Signal Foul, hand on hips.  Pushing Foul – Signal Foul, Imitate Push.
 Charging – Clenched Fist.  Technical Foul – Form T.
 Double Foul – Waving Clenched Fist.  Travelling Violation – Rotate Fists.
 Holding – Signal Foul; Grasp Wrist.
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Why is exercise important in basketball?

 Strength training is a fundamental element for the physical conditioning of basketball players. Its purpose is
to improve explosive power and acceleration/speed around the court and to reduce the risk of joint and
tendon injuries.

What are the benefits of playing basketball for exercise?

 Playing basketball helps to improve motor coordination, flexibility, and endurance. It also encourages
speed, agility, and endurance. It also encourages speed, agility, and strength. These skills are shown to have
a positive effect on promoting a healthy body and weight and encouraging more physical activity, which
can enhance cardiorespiratory fitness and self-esteem.

Why warm-up is important?

1. They help to increase body and muscle temperature

2. You’ll reduce your risk of injury
3. Improved performance
4. Less muscle tension and pain.
5. Better range of motion

Basic Warm-Up

 Lateral Hops
 Reverse Arm Circle
 Reverse Lunges to high knee
 Stutter Steps
 Lateral Walk
 Butt Kicks
Basic Drills

 Basketball drills are exercises used by teams and individual players to improve their fundamental skills.
Common among youth players and professional teams alike, basketball practice drills teach on-court skills
such as dribbling and ball handling, footwork, shifting, momentum to the opposite direction, passing,
shooting with proper form, defensive movements, and offensive rotation.

Importance of Basic Drills

 Basketball players of all skill levels can benefit from performing drills on their own or under the watch of a
trained coaching staff. Basketball drills help improve hand-eye coordination, dribbling, passing techniques,
muscle memory, speed, and conditioning. The best drills prepare players for in-game situations and
challenge them to take their current skills to the next level.

Basic Skills in Basketball

 Basketball is a fast-paced game that requires the knowledge and instinct to perform quickly and properly.
The sport of basketball requires the basic skills. While some players might be more experienced with some
skills than others, it is best to have at least some ability in all five areas.

BASIC EXERCISE & DRILLS

 WARM UP  BASIC DRILLS

a. Stretching and Rotation a. Footwork
b. Leg Exercise
c. Cooling Down
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Stretching: Before you engage in any activity/sport, e.g. basketball, you should stretch to ensure that you do not
strain any muscles during the exercise.

Get into position: Stand upright, feet shoulder-width apart, and face the basket. B end your knees so that they are
45° from their original position and lean back slightly.

Shooting Hand/Arm Positioning: Hold the ball in your shooting hand. Your forearm should be vertically
positioned; your elbow bent in an acute angle. Your fingertips should be facing you and your hand should be facing
upward, in line with your eyes. Only hold the ball with your fingertips, making flicking your wrist much easier.

Off-Hand Positioning: Place your off-hand on the side of the ball; the thumb of that hand pointed toward the center
of your forehead. Your off-hand guides the ball and supports your shooting hand.
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BASIC SKILLS IN BASKETBALL

 Dribbling
 Passing
 Shooting

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DRIBBLING - This is the act of bouncing the ball on the floor repeatedly in order to move on the basketball court.
Dribbling is an important skill for all basketball players. This skill will allow you to move up and down the court,
manoeuvre past defenders and execute plays.
  One-hand Dribbling – Keep feet shoulder width apart, weight slightly over the right foot. You should
bounce the ball outside of the right foot. The hand should absorb some of the energy of the ball striking it
by moving slightly on impact, and returning to the starting position whilst the ball is still in contact with the
ball.
 Two Hand Dribbling and Two Ball Dribbling – When you do these drills, you want to keep your dribble
tight, stay in an athletic stance, and keep your eyes up to see the floor. Practice good habits as you work on
becoming a better ball handler, and don’t be afraid to mess up.
 Low Dribbling – A low dribble in basketball is when a player dribbles the ball low to the ground. In order
to do this, a player has to dribble the ball more times than a normal dribble.
 High Dribbling – The high dribble is used when you are trying to move the ball up the court very quickly.
Typically, you will see high dribbles after steals and during fast-break opportunities.

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PASSING – Passing in basketball has been defined as "The deliberate attempt to move a live ball between two
teammates", a definition which might equally apply across other sports equally well, albeit with a change to the item
being passed where appropriate.

 Chest Pass - It is named so because the pass originates from the chest. Its thrown by gripping the ball on
the sides with the thumbs directly behind the ball. When the pass is thrown, the fingers are rotated behind
the ball and the thumbs are turned down. The resulting follow through has the back of the hands facing one
another with the thumbs straight down. The ball should have a nice backspin.
 Bounce Pass - It is thrown with the same motion however it is aimed at the floor. It should be thrown far
enough out that the ball bounces waist high to the receiver.
 Overhead Pass – It is often used as an outlet pass. Bring the ball directly above your forehead with both
hands on the side of the ball and follow through.

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SHOOTING – It is the most important skill in basketball. The fundamental skills of passing, dribbling, defense, and
rebounding may enable you to get a high percentage shot, but you must still be able to make the shot. In addition to
shooting skill, you must have confidence in yourself to shoot well.

 Set Shot – It is a shot with two hands from a point relatively distant from the basket, in which a player
stands still and shoots the ball usually from chest level.
 Jump-shot – It is the most important shot in basketball. This shot is hard to defend against and allows you
to score from a long distance. For the jump shot to be successful, the complicated throwing motion needs to
become second nature.
 Lay-up – It is a shot near the basket, usually off the backboard. For a layup, you run towards one side of
the basket, jump, and lay the ball off the backboard into the hoop. Practice layups from both sides of the
hoop, and with both your right and left hands.

1. Dribble close to the basket with your right hand.

2. Step toward the basket with your right foot.
3. Jump off of your left foot.
4. Shoot with your right arm as you lift your right leg.
5. Aim for the sweet spot on the backboard.
6. Practice until your muscles remember the movement.