QUALITY
CONTROL OF
CONCRETE
INTRODUCTION
– Concrete is generally produced in batches at the site with the
locally available materials of variable characteristics.
– The magnitude of this variation depends upon saveral factors,
such as
– variation in quality of constituents materials
– variation in mix proportions due to batching process
– Variation in the quality of batching and mixing equipment
– Quality of overall workmanship and supervision at the site
– Transportation
– Placing
– Compacting
– Curing
QUALITY CONTROL IS THUS CONFORMITY TO THE
SPECIFICATIONS, NO MORE NO LESS
FACTORS CAUSING
VARIATIONS IN THE
QUALITY OF CONCRETE
– PERSONEL
– MATERIAL
– EQUIPMENT
– WORKMANSHIP
FIELD CONTROL
– Cakupan :
Metode ini digunakan untuk mendapatkan contoh beton segar
yang mewakili seluruh adukan dari tempat pengaduk stasioner.
Pengambilan Contoh Beton Segar
Macam Pengujian Volume Contoh (liter)
Slump 8
Berat Jenis 6
Kadar Udara 9
Uji Kuat Tekan (3 contoh) 28
Uji Kuat Lentur (3 contoh) 28
Uji Kuat Tarik (3 contoh) 28
Uji Modulus Elastisitas (3 contoh) 28
SLUMP TEST
– Cakupan :
Metode pengujian ini digunakan
untuk menentukan besarnya slump
beton (concrete slump)
Hasil pengujian ini digunakan dalam
pekerjaan, perencanaan campuarn
beton dan pengendalian mutu beton
pada pelaksanaan.
ADVANTAGES OF
QUALITY CONTROL
– Quality control means a rational use of the available resources after
testing their characteristics and reduction in the material costs.
– In the absence of quality control there is guarantee that overspending
in one area will compensate for weakness in another
– In the absence of quality control at the site, the designer is tempted
to over design, so as to minimize the risk.
– Checks at every stage of the production of concrete and rectification
of the fault at the right time expedites completion and reduce delay
– Quality control reduces the maintenance costs.
STATISTICAL QUALITY
CONTROL
– SAMPLING, since the quality of larger mass of the materials or
product is based on a few limited samples, it is necessary that
samples be as representative as possible of the entire
population.
– A sample should be chosen at random and not in selective
manner.
– DISTRIBUTION OF RESULTS, the compressive strength test of
specimen from random sampling of a mix when plotte on
histogram are found to follow a bell shaped curve term the
Normal or Gaussian distribution curve.
MEASURE OF VARIABILITY
– MEAN, the average or mean x for a set of n observations x1,
x2, x3…..xn is expressed as :
As the sample size n increase, x approaches the mean of the
entire population.
– RANGE, the range is the difference between the larges and the
smallest value in a set of observations.
– STANDARD DEVIATION, the root mean square deviation of the
whole consignment from the mean x is term as standard
deviation and is defined numerically as :
STANDARD DEVIATION FOR
DIFFERENT TYPES OF CONTROL
TYPE OF CONTROL EXCEL VERY GOO FAIR POOR UNCO
LENT GOOD D NTRO
LLED
STANDARD 2.8 3.5 4.2 5.6 7.0 8.4
DEVIATION N/mm2
COEFFICIENT OF 5 12 15 18 20 25
VARIATION (%)
APPLICATION
– ft = fck + kS
where, ft = target mean strength
fck = characteristic strength
k = probability factor
S = standard deviation
METODE PENGUJIAN KUAT TEKAN BETON
NOMOR SNI : 03 – 1974 – 1990
– Cakupan :
Metode pengujian ini digunakan untuk menentukan kuat tekan (compressive
strength) beton dengan benda uji berbentuk silinder yang dibuat dan dimatangkan
(curing) di laboratorium maupun di lapangan.
– Perbandingan kuat tekan beton berdasarkan bentuk benda uji
Silinder 15X30 atau 10X20 1
Kubus 15X15X15 0,83
– Perbandingan kuat tekan pada berbagai umur beton
Umur beton (hari) 3 7 14 21 28
Semen biasa 0.4 0.65 0.88 0.95 1
Sement kuat awal tinggi 0.55 0.75 0.9 0.95 1
CONTOH EVALUASI KUAT TEKAN BETON
No. Umur Uji Kuat Tekan Faktor Estimasi 28 h Deviasi Std. Kuat tekan
[hari] [Mpa] umur [Mpa] [Mpa] karakteristik [Mpa]
1 3 14.5 0.40 36.25
2 3 15.6 0.40 39.00
3 3 16.2 0.40 40.50
4 3 15.1 0.40 37.75
5 7 25.5 0.65 39.23
6 7 26.9 0.65 41.38
7 7 28.4 0.65 43.69
8 7 23.8 0.65 36.62
9 14 24.2 0.88 27.50
10 14 30.4 0.88 34.55
11 14 34.9 0.88 39.66
12 14 35.7 0.88 40.57
13 21 33.2 0.95 34.95
14 21 34.6 0.95 36.42
15 21 35.3 0.95 37.16
16 21 33.8 0.95 35.58
17 28 33.7 1.00 33.70
18 28 37.9 1.00 37.90
19 28 39.5 1.00 39.50
20 28 38.7 1.00 38.70
Kuat tekan rata-rata umur 28 hari 37.53 3.44 31.89
ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA
– Every sample has a test strength not less than the
characteristics value.
– The strength of one or more samples though less than the
characteristic value, is in each case not less than the
greater of :
– The characteristic strength minus 1.35 S and
– 0.8 times the characteristic strength,
– The average strength of all samples is not less than
characteristic strength + 1.65 ( 1 – 1/√n) times standard
deviation
