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A star delta starter is a method for starting 3-phase induction motors that reduces starting current. It works by initially connecting the motor in a star configuration, then switching to a delta configuration after the motor reaches 80% speed. This lowers starting voltage and current to 1/3 of direct-on-line values, reducing stress on equipment. Star delta starters are useful when low starting current is needed and are commonly used to start centrifugal compressors.

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Meezan Ahmed
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65 views

Eia Micro Project

A star delta starter is a method for starting 3-phase induction motors that reduces starting current. It works by initially connecting the motor in a star configuration, then switching to a delta configuration after the motor reaches 80% speed. This lowers starting voltage and current to 1/3 of direct-on-line values, reducing stress on equipment. Star delta starters are useful when low starting current is needed and are commonly used to start centrifugal compressors.

Uploaded by

Meezan Ahmed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DEFINATION OF STAR DELTA STARTER :-

A star delta starter is the most commonly used method for the starting of a 3 phase
induction motor. In star delta starting an induction motor is connected in through a star
connection throughout the starting period. Then once the motor reaches the required speed,
the motor is connected in through a delta connection.

A star delta starter will start a motor with a star connected stator winding. When
motor reaches about 80% of its full load speed, it will begin to run in a delta
connected stator winding.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM :-

ADVANTAGES OF STAR DELTA STARTER :-

The advantages of star delta starters include:

1. Inexpensive
2. No heat is produced, or tap changing device needs to be used, hence
efficiency increases.
3. Starting current reduced to 1/3 of direct online starting current.
4. Produce high torque per ampere of line current.

DISADVANTAGES OF STAT DELTA STARTER :-

The disadvantages of star delta starters include:

1. Starting torque is reduced to 1/3 of full load torque.


2. A particular set of motors required.
APPLICATIONS OF STAR DELTA STARTER :-

As discussed in the above advantages and disadvantages, a star delta starter is most suited
to applications where the required starting current is low and where the line current draw
must be at a minimum value.
The star delta starter is not suitable for applications where high starting torque delivery is
required. For these applications, a DOL starter should be used instead.

If the motor is too heavily loaded, there will not be enough torque to accelerate the motor
upto speed before switching over to the delta position. Example application for a star delta
starter is a Centrifugal compressor.

WORKING PRINCIPLE OF STAR DELTA STARTER :-

This is the reduced voltage starting method. Voltage reduction during star-delta
starting is achieved by physically reconfiguring the motor windings as illustrated in
the figure below. During starting the motor windings are connected in star
configuration and this reduces the voltage across each winding 3. This also reduces
the torque by a factor of three.
After a period of time the winding are reconfigured as delta and the motor runs
normally. Star/Delta starters are probably the most common reduced voltage
starters. They are used in an attempt to reduce the start current applied to the
motor during start as a means of reducing the disturbances and interference on the
electrical

TYPES OF STAR DELTA STARTER :-


1.OPEN TRANSITION STARTER
2.CLOSED TRANSITION STARTER

1.OPEN TRANSITION STARTER :-


Discuss mention above is called open transition switching because there is an
open state between the star state and the delta state.

In open transition the power is disconnected from the motor while the winding are
reconfigured via external switching.

When a motor is driven by the supply, either at full speed or at part speed, there is
a rotating magnetic field in the stator. This field is rotating at line frequency. The
flux from the stator field induces a current in the rotor and this in turn results in a
rotor magnetic field
IN OPEN TRANSITION STARTER, THERE ARE 4 TYPES :-

1.OFF STATE

2.STAR STATE

3.OPEN STATE

4.DELTA STATE

CLOSED TRANSITION STARTER:-

There is a technique to reduce the magnitude of the switching transients. This requires the
use of a fourth contactor and a set of three resistors. The resistors must be sized such that
considerable current is able to flow in the motor windings while they are in circuit.

The auxiliary contactor and resistors are connected across the delta contactor. In
operation, just before the star contactor opens, the auxiliary contactor closes resulting in
current flow via the resistors into the star connection. Once the star contactor opens,
current is able to flow round through the motor windings to the supply via the resistors.
These resistors are then shorted by the delta contactor.

IN CLOSED TRANSITION STARTER, THERE ARE FOUR TYPES :-

1.OFF STATE

2.STAR STATE

3.STAR TRANSITION STATE

4.CLOSED TRANSITION STATE

5.DELTA STATE

FEATURES OF STAR DELTA STARTING:-

• For low- to high-power three-phase motors.

• Reduced starting current.

• Six connection cables.

• Reduced starting torque.

• Current peak on changeover from star to delta.

• Mechanical load on changeover from star to delta.


CONTROL DIAGRAM OF STAR DELTA STARTER :-

POWER CIRCUIT OF STAR DELTA STARTER:-

The main contactor connects the reference source voltage R, Y, B to the primary
terminal of the motor U1, V1, W1.

In operation, the Main Contactor (KM3) and the Star Contactor (KM1) are closed
initially, and then after a period of time, the star contactor is opened, and then the
delta contactor (KM2) is closed. The control of the contactors is by the timer (K1T)
built into the starter. The Star and Delta are electrically interlocked and preferably
mechanically interlocked as well.

STAR DELTA STARTER LADDER DIAGRAM:-


PLC PROGRAM FOR STAR DELTA STARTER :-

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