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Week 4 Activity 3

This document summarizes key concepts related to learner-centered teaching including: - Types of reinforcers and punishments used in behaviorism like positive/negative reinforcers that add or remove stimuli, and positive/negative punishments that add or remove stimuli. - Edward Thorndike's laws of learning including readiness, exercise, and effect which state that learning occurs when aroused and strengthened with practice. - The steps in observational learning and modeling according to Bandura which are attention, retention, reproduction, and motivation to imitate observed behaviors. - References are cited for the answers from online sources on operant conditioning, Thorndike's laws of learning, and the definition of observational learning

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Rezia Rose Pagdilao
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54 views

Week 4 Activity 3

This document summarizes key concepts related to learner-centered teaching including: - Types of reinforcers and punishments used in behaviorism like positive/negative reinforcers that add or remove stimuli, and positive/negative punishments that add or remove stimuli. - Edward Thorndike's laws of learning including readiness, exercise, and effect which state that learning occurs when aroused and strengthened with practice. - The steps in observational learning and modeling according to Bandura which are attention, retention, reproduction, and motivation to imitate observed behaviors. - References are cited for the answers from online sources on operant conditioning, Thorndike's laws of learning, and the definition of observational learning

Uploaded by

Rezia Rose Pagdilao
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Republic of the Philippines

APAYAO STATE COLLEGE


COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

Prof Ed 14
Facilitating Learner-Centered Teaching

Associate Professor V REMA BASCOS-OCAMPO, PhD


Teacher

Submitted by:
REZIA ROSE PAGDILAO
BSEd- 2 Major in Social Studies
WEEK 4
Activity 3
1. Differentiate the following:
a.2 kinds of reinforcers,
-> Positive reinforcer is something is added to increase the likelihood of a behavior. It is the
most effective way to teach a person or animal a new behavior is with positive reinforcer.
-> Negative reinforcer is something is removed to increase the likelihood of a behavior. It is
an an undesirable stimulus is removed to increase a behavior.
b.2 kinds of punishment,
-> Positive Punishment is something is added to decrease the likelihood of a behavior.
In positive punishment, you add an undesirable stimulus to decrease a behavior. An
example of positive punishment is scolding a student to get the student to stop texting
in class. In this case, a stimulus (the reprimand) is added in order to decrease the
behavior (texting in class).
-> Negative Punishment is something is removed to decrease the likelihood of a
behavior. In negative punishment, you remove a pleasant stimulus to decrease a
behavior. For example, when a child misbehaves, a parent can take away a favorite
toy. In this case, a stimulus (the toy) is removed in order to decrease the behavior.
c. laws of learning in which Thorndike expressed the principles of
connectionism, and
-> Edward Thorndike propounded first three Basic laws of learning: readiness,
exercise, and effect.
Law of Readiness: means that learning takes place when an action tendency is
aroused. It is a series of responses can be chained together to satisfy some goal which
will result in annoyance if blocked
Law of Exercise: means that drill or practice helps in increasing efficiency and
durability of learning. A connections become strengthened with practice and
weakened when practice is discontinued. A corollary of the law of effect was that
responses that reduce the likelihood of achieving a rewarding state (i.e., punishments,
failures) will decrease in strength.
Law of Effect: means that any behavior that is followed by pleasant consequences is
likely to be repeated. It is responses to a situation which are followed by a rewarding
state of affairs will be strengthened and become habitual responses to that situation.
d. steps in the observational learning and modelling process
Cite your reference (bibliography of books used or websites where related articles
are downloaded from and date of retrieval) for your answers.
-> Attention: you must be focused on what the model is doing.
-> Retention: you must be able to retain, or remember, what you observed;
-> Motoric Reproduction: you must be able to perform the behavior that you
observed and committed to memory;
-> Motivation: it is the most important aspect of observational learning. If the human
or animal does not have a reason for imitating the behavior, then no amount of
attention, retention, or reproduction will overcome the lack of motivation.
➔ Cited Reference from A to D.
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/waymaker-psychology/chapter/operant-
conditioning/
https://www.researchgate.net/post/What-are-the-laws-of-learning-at-
Thorndike
https://study.com/academy/lesson/modeling-as-observational-learning-
definition-examples.html

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