1, Which title would be most appropriate for a textbook on general ecology? (1.

) The
Interactions Between Organisms and Their Environment (2.) The Cell and its Organelles
(3.) The Hereditary Mechanism of Drosophila (4.) The Physical and Chemical Properties
of Water

2. The following chart lists four groups of factors relating to an ecosystem.

Which group contains only abiotic
Group A Group D Group C Group D
Swthght Sunlbght SwillghI Sun1Qbt
Gr€enØants Oflma Goenpants Rainfall
Ral Raiafl
QonwnQr Minotats Poduuera
CxyQer. Gases Carbon lio Water
factors?

(1.) group A (2.) group B (3.) group C (4.) group D

3. The most likely result of a group of squirrels relying on limited resources would be
(1.) competition between the squirrels (2.) an increase in the number of squirrels (3.)
increased habitats for the squirrels (4.) a greater diversity of food for the squirrels

4. An ecosystem is represented in the illustration below.

This ecosystem will be self-sustaining if (1.) the organisms labeled A outnumber the
organisms labeled B (2.) the type of organisms represented by B are eliminated (3.) the
organisms labeled A are equal in number to the organisms labeled B (4.) materials cycle
between the organisms labeled A and the organisms labeled B

5. A certain plant requires moisture, oxygen, carbon dioxide, light, and minerals in
order to survive. This statement shows that a living organism depends on (1.) abiotic
factors (2.) biotic factors (3.) carnivore-herbivore relationships (4.) symbiotic
relationships
6. Although three different bird species all inhabit the same type of tree in an area,
competition between the birds rarely occurs, The most likely explanation for this lack of
competition is that these birds (1.) are unable to interbreed (2.) have a limited supply of
food (3.) share food with each other (4.) have different ecological niches

7. An abiotic component of the biosphere is represented by the (1.) mushrooms in a

cave in the Catskill Mountains (2.) population of deer in a forest at the close of the
hunting season (3.) annual range of temperatures in a lake in New York State (4.)
interactions of insect species in a cornfield

8. Termites can be found living in dead trees partially buried under soil and stones.
Within the tree trunks, the termites feed on the wood fiber, creating passageways having
a high humidity. Protozoans living within the digestive tract of the termite digest the
wood fiber. What are the biotic factors in this habitat? (1.) soil and humidity (2.)
humidity, soil, and stones (3.) termites and protozoans (4.) tree trunk, stones, and
protozoans

9. Some crows, vultures, and other birds that feed off dead animals are classified as (1.)
saprophytes (2.) herbivores (3.) scavengers
(4.) producers

10. The diagram represents the feeding areas during summer and fall of two populations
in the same ecosystem. Both populations feed on oak trees. The portion of the diagram
labeled X most likely indicates that

SUMMER FALL

(I.) these populations compete for food in the fall, but not in the summer (2.) the species
are separated by a geographic barrier in the fall (3.) the supply of oxygen is greater in the
summer than in the fall (4.) random mating occurs between these species in the summer

11. The chart represents the characteristics necessary for the maintenance of a self-
sustaining ecosystem. Which does letter X most likely
wmcP,cLc

Wi*tG

represent?

(1.) Few Biotic Factors (2.) Symbiotic Relationships (3.) Lack of Abiotic Factors (4.) A
Cycling of Materials
12. If two different bird species in the same habitat require the same type of nesting site,
both species will most likely (i.) compete for the nesting sites (2.) interbreed and share
nesting sites (3.) use the nest of other bird species (4.) change their nesting site
requirements

13. A student set up a terrarium containing moist soil, several plants, and snails. The
terrarium was placed in a sunny area. Which factor is not essential for the maintenance of
the terrarium? (1.) a cycling of materials between organisms and their environment (2.)
a constant source of energy (3.) a living system capable of incorporating energy into
organic compounds (4.) the introduction of another heterotroph into the terrarium

14. A student measured some abiotic factors present in an aquarium in a biology

laboratory. Which data did the student most likely record? (1.) the weight and color of
each type of scavenger (2.) the temperature and oxygen content of the water (3.) the size
and number of each species of fish (4.) the number of each type of green plant and each
type of snail

15. An ecosystem jji considered to be self sustaining if (1,) it lacks a constant

supply of energy (2.) cycling of materials occurs between organisms and their
environment (3.) there is interaction between biotic and abiotic factors (4.) some of its
living systems incorporate energy into organic compounds

16. The diagram shows organisms in and around a

pond.

Which ecological term refers to all the organisms shown in the diagram? (1.)
heterotroph (2.) community (3.) population (4.) biosphere
 17. An aquarium ecosystem is
shown in the accompanying
diagram. A community in this
aquarium consists of the (1.) fish,
water, and snails (2.) plants and
gravel (3.) water and gravel (4.)
fish, plants, and snails

18. All of Earth’s water, land, and atmosphere within which life exists is known as
(1.) community (2.) ecosystem (3.) population (4.) biosphere

19, Which group represents a population? (1.) all the vertebrates living in New York
State (2.) all the flowering plants found in New York State (3.) all the plant and animal
species found in New York State (4.) all the Homo sapiens living in New York State

20. An example of a population is all the (1.) field mice living in a barn (2.) field mice
and owls living in a barn (3.) animals in a barn and their food (4.) animals in the barn
and their surroundings

21. Which is an example of an ecosystem? (1.) a population of monarch butterflies (2.)

all the mammals that live in the Atlantic Ocean (3.) all the abiotic factors found in a
field (4.) the interdependent biotic and abiotic components of a pond

22. A pond community is represented in

the diagram. Which term includes the
interactions between the organisms of
this community and the physical factors
of their environment? (1.) population
(2.) ecosystem (3.) biotic (4.)
competition

23. A moss-covered log is overturned by a hungry bear looking for insects to eat. The
bear disturbs an ant colony, and some chipmunks leave the hollow log to search for
another home in the forest. Which relationship do these organisms have with each other?
(1.) They are all of the same species. (2.) They all require the same type of food. (3.)
They are part of a community. (4.) They are abiotic factors in a forest.