API-571 Mockup Test-03-Questions

Mockup Questions Test-3

1. Most likely affected Units due to graphitization in Refining Industry are

A. Fluid catalytic cracking units, catalytic reformer reactor
B. Down comers walls
C. Propane storage tanks
D. Fractionators

2. Evidence of graphitization may be evaluated through

A. Removal of full thickness samples for examination using metallography
B. Field replicas
C. Surface breaking cracks
D. Creep deformation

3. The most likely preventive measure to avoid graphitization for the materials which are
used above 450C is
A. Using C- 0.5%Mo
B. Using C-0.5%Mo-0.7%Cr
C. C-0.5%Mo-0.5%Ni

4. The rate of formation of graphitization increases in low alloy steel with

A. Increase in chromium content and increase in Process temperature
B. Decrease in chromium content and decrease in process temperature
C. Decrease in chromium content and increase in process temperature
D. Increase in chromium content and decrese in process temperature

5. Following is the most likely affected material due to temper embrittlement

A. 1.25Cr-1Mo
B. 2.25Cr-1Mo
C. 3.25Cr-1mo
D. C-1Mo

6. Following are the alloy steels which are not affected significantly by Temper
Embrittlement
A. 2.25Cr-1Mo; C-0.5Mo
B. 1.25Cr-1Mo: C-0.5Mo
C. 3.25Cr-1Mo; C-1Mo

7. Susceptibility to temper embrittlement is largely determined by the presence of the

alloying elements
A. manganese and silicon
B. aluminum and silicon
C. tin and aluminum
D. arsenic and aluminum

8. Equipment susceptible to temper embrittlement is most often found in

A. hydroprocessing units, particularlyreactors,
B. hot LP separators.
C. Gas service
D. Effluent service

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9. Where PWHT is not possible, what should be considered to minimize welding on old
material under restraint
A. Buttering
B. Brazing
C. Buttering and welding
D. All of the above

10. For older equipment, extra care should be taken to avoid the potentially damaging effects
of strain aging by avoiding until the metal temperature reaches an acceptable level
where the risk of brittle fracture is low.
A. stressing or pressurizing of equipment
B. Leak testing of equipment
C. Proof testing of equipment

11. ………………………is a loss in toughness due to a metallurgical change that can occur in
alloys containing a ferrite phase, as a result of exposure in the temperature range 600oF
to 1000oF (316oC to540oC).
A. 885°F (475°C) embrittlement
B. Temper Embrittlement
C. Sigma phase embrittlement
D. Nne of the above
12. Following are the materials which can be affected due to 885F embrittlement
A. Austenitic SS
B. Ferittic SS
C. Duplex SS
D. B&C
E. None of the above
13. To extend the life of 300 series stainless steel catalyst support screens in hydro
processing reactors by reducing effect of high temperature sulfidation, this treatment is
sometimes used
A. Solution annealing
B. Aluminum diffusion treatment
C. Heat treatment
D. All of the above

14. Method(s) for Inspection and Monitoring of Sulfidation:

A. Process condition monitoring for increase in temperature
B. Increase in sulfur levels
C. Evidence of thinning detection by UT & Profile RT
D. PMI checks for mix-up of alloys in services where sulfidation anticipated
E. All of the above

15. Mechanism of absorbing carbon into material at elevated temperatures in contact with
carbonaceous material is
A. Carburization
B. Hydriding
C. Decarburization
D. Oxidation

16. Temperature high enough to allow diffusion of carbon into the metal is typically above
A. 800 F
B. 1100 F
C. 600 F
D. 427 F

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17. The mechanism by which the corrosion occurs when the metal temperature is above the
temperature of the liquid species (slag) formed is

A. Flue gas dew point corrosion

B. Fuel ash corrosion
C. Oxidation
18. Fuel ash corrosion for oil ash, the liquid species are mixtures of vanadium pentoxide and
sodium oxide, or vanadium pentoxide and sodium sulfate. Depending on the precise
composition, possible melting points are

A. below 1000°F (538°C)

B. above 1000°F (538°C)
C. 700°F (371°C)
D. between 1030°F and 1130°F (544oC and 610°C),

19. To minimize fuel ash corrosion on water wall side, the temperature to be maintained
below the melting of pyro-sulfites is

A. below 1000°F (538°C)

B. above 1000°F (538°C)
C. below 700°F (371°C)
D. between 1030°F and 1130°F (544oC and 610°C),

20. Fuel ash corrosion with coal ash in super heater and re-heaters , corrosion is caused by
sodium and potassium iron tri-sulfates that melt at temperatures of -----

A. below 1000°F (538°C)

B. above 1000°F (538°C)
C. as low as 700°F (371°C)
D. between 1030°F and 1130°F (544oC and 610°C),
21. Nitriding begins at temperatures above --------- and becomes severe above --------

A. 300 F (150C) & 600 F (316C)

B. 600 F (316C) & 900F (482C).
C. 900 F (482 C) & 1100F (593C)
D. None of the above
22. ---------- Partial pressures of Nitrogen promotes Nitriding

A. Low
B. High
23. ------------has been observed in steam methane-reformers, steam gas cracking (olefin
plants) and ammonia synthesis plants.

A. Hydriding
B. Nitriding
C. Carburizing
D. Metal dusting
24. Nitriding of low alloy steels containing up to --------------is accompanied by an increase in
volume. The nitrided layer tends to crack and flake.

A. 12% Nickel
B. 12% chromium
C. 22.5% chromium
D. 22.5% Nickel
25. The most positive indicator of 885oF embrittlement.is
A. increase in hardness in affected areas.

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B. Failure during bend testing or impact testing of samples removed from service
C. Both A & B
D. None f the above

26. The best way to prevent 885oF embrittlement is to use

A. low ferrite or non-ferritic alloys, or to avoid exposing the susceptible material to
the embrittling range.
B. minimize the effects of embrittlement through modifications in the chemical
composition of the alloy.
C. 885oF embrittlement is reversible by heat treatment to dissolve precipitates,
followed by rapid cooling.
D. All of the above
27. Following are the methods for evaluating 885 embrittlement
A. Hardness testing
B. Impact testing
C. Bend Testing
D. All of the above

28. the sudden rapid fracture under stress (residual or applied) where the material exhibits
little or no evidence of ductility or plastic deformation is called as
A. fracture
B. brittle fracture
C. ductile fracture
D. none of the above
29. The level of creep damage is a function of
A. Material, load and the coincident temperature
30. Low Creep Ductility is more prevalent at
A. Lower temperatures in creep range
B. Low stresses in the upper range
C. Both A and B
D. None of the above
31. Welds joining dissimilar materials (ferritic to austenitic welds) may suffer creep related
damage at high temperatures due to
A. Differential thermal expansion stresses.
B. Differential Volumetric expansion stresses
C. Differential linear expansion stresses
D. None of the above

32. Low creep ductility can be minimized by the careful selection of

A. Chemistry for low alloy materials.
33. following are the preventive e measures taken to prevent short term overheating
A. require proper burner management for fired heaters
B. fouling/deposit control to minimize hot spots and localized overheating.
C. Utilize burners which produce a more diffuse flame pattern.
D. All of the above
34. following are the inspection and monitoring adopted to check short term overheating
A. visual observation, IR monitoring of tubes
B. Tube skin thermocouples are used to monitor temperatures.
C. Refractory lined equipment can be monitored with heat indicating paint and
periodic IR scans.
D. All of the above
35. When the heat flow balance is disturbed, individual bubbles join to form a steam blanket,
a condition known as
A. Departure From Nucleate Boiling (DNB).
B. Nucleate Boiling
C. Steam Spray

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D. All of the above

36. Critical factors considered for steam blanketing
A. Heat Flux and Fluid Flow
B. Heat Flux and Time
C. Fluid Flow and Time
D. Heat Flux and stress
37. During an on-stream inspection of a carbon steel condensate piping running above 10
feet from soil, was found with insulation damage, Insulation was removed and noted that
localized areas of the piping was with loose flaky scales covering the corroded
components, which form of corrosion is this
A. Atmospheric corrosion
B. Soil corrosion
C. Dew point corrosion
D. Corrosion under insulation.
38. Inspection methods to identify corrosion under insulation problems except
A. Real time profile x-ray (for small bore piping)
B. Gamma radiography for large dia piping
C. Neutron backscatter technique for identifying wet insulation
D. IR for wet insulation
E. None of the above
39. Materials not affected by cooling water corrosion
A. Carbons steel
B. Copper , aluminum
C. 300 series Stainless steel & Nickel alloys
D. Titanium
E. None of the above
40. Critical factors for cooling water corrosion
A. Process temperature
B. Fluid velocities
C. O2 content
D. Type of water and cooling system
E. All of the above

41. Following are the types of equipment exposed to moving fluids and/or catalyst are subject to
erosion and erosion corrosion except
A. bends, elbows, tees and reducers;
B. Piping systems upstream of letdown valves and block valves;
C. measuring device orifices;
D. agitators and agitated vessels & heat exchanger tubing;
E. All of the above

42. Erosion can be caused by gas borne catalyst particles or by particles carried by a liquid such
as slurry. In refinery, This type of damage mechanism occur in
A. catalyst movement in FCC reactor/regenerator systems in catalyst handling
equipment and slurry piping;
B. Hydro processing reactor effluent piping
C. Crude and vacuum unit piping
D. All of the above

43. Hydro processing reactor effluent piping may be subject to erosion-corrosion by

A. Napthenic Acid
B. Ammonium bi sulfide
C. Polythionic acid
D. Amine

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44. Crude and vacuum unit piping and vessels exposed to ---------------- in some crude oils may
suffer severe erosion-corrosion metal loss depending on the temperature, velocity, sulfur
content and TAN level.
A. Napthenic Acids
B. Ammonium bisulfide
C. Polythionic acids
D. Amine
45. Ammonia stress corrosion cracking of _________ alloys can occur due to hydrazine,
neutralizing amines, or ammonical compounds.
A. Cr – Ni
B. Cu – Zn
C. Cr – Mo
D. Mn – Si
46. A small leak in a tube of finned tube of economizer in 50 MW steam boiler was noted,
and the leak was noted from pits, the most possible reason for pitting could be due to
A. Stress corrosion cracking at finned area
B. Oxygen in boiler water.
C. CO2 in boiler water
D. Erosion – corrosion
47. Carbon dioxide damage in the condensate return piping of a boiler system appear in the
form of
A. Pitting
B. Smooth grooving
C. Sharp edged gouged appearance
D. Cracks
48. Hydrazine dosing pumps in the boiler system broke down and dosing of hydrazine into
the boiler feed water has been stopped, the severe possible results would be
A. CO2 entrapment
B. O2 removal
C. Tubes will choke due to deposits
D. Feed water temperature rises
49. Caustic SCC can be effectively prevented by means of a stress-relieving heat treatment
(e.g. PWHT). Aheat treatment at _____________ is considered an effective stress
relieving heat treatment for carbon steel. The same requirement applies to repair welds
and to internal and external attachment welds.
A. 620°F
B. 880°F
C. 1150°F
D. 1350°F
50. Materials in the order of increasing resistance to caustic embrittlement
A. CS (Stress relieved), LAS, 400 Series SS, Ni base alloys
B. LAS, CS (Stress relieved), 400 series SS, Ni base alloys
C. CS (Stress relieved), CS, 300 series SS, Ni base alloys
D. CS, CS(Stress relieved), 300 series SS, Ni base alloys
51. To avoid caustic SCC, Steam out of _________ carbon steel piping and equipment
should be avoided. Equipment should be water washed before steamout. Where
steamout is required, _____________ steam should be used for short periods of time
to minimize exposure.
A. Non-PWHT, Low-Pressure
B. Low Temperature, Low Pressure
C. High temperature, High pressure
D. High, Low pressure
52. __________ method is used to monitor caustic SCC growth and locating growing cracks
A. UT
B. ToFD
C. AET

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D. IR Scans
53. Some ___________alloys cause SCC in aqueous NH3 / NH3 compounds
A. Aluminum
B. Copper
C. Nickel
D. Chromium
54. Material susceptible to SCC in anhydrous ammonia
A. Carbon steel
B. Stainless steel
C. Copper alloys
D. Cr-Ni steels
55. Zinc content affects the susceptibility of SCC in aqueous NH3, resistance increases when
the zinc content is
A. Increases above 15 %
B. Decreases below 15%
C. Above 25%
D. Not affected by zinc %
56. Critical factors of SCC in some copper alloys under aqueous NH3 environment are
A. O2 traces
B. Water phase in NH3 or NH3 compounds
C. Temperature
D. pH > 8.5
E. All of the above
57. Dealloying of aluminum-bronze is also called as _________, it can be prevented by
________
A. Debronzification, adding phosphorus
B. Dealuminifcation, heat treatment
C. Dealuminifcation, adding phosphorus
D. Debronzification, heat treatment
58. Factors which influence dealloying include the composition of the alloy and exposure
conditions including
A. Temperature,
B. Degree of aeration,
C. pH and exposure time.
D. all of the above
59. A cooling water pump in offsite facilities is stand-by for a long time, before taking into
operation, suction strainer and pump discharge NRV is opened for preventive
maintenance. Upon visual inspection, suction strainer was noted with reddish and
copper color, the reason could be
A. Cooling water corrosion
B. Dealloying
C. Microbiological induced corrosion
D. Formation of Iron oxide scale from carbon steel piping.
60. _________is a form of dealloying in cast irons, which the iron matrix is corroded leaving
corrosion products and porous graphite.
A. Graphitic corrosion
B. De-zincification
C. De-graphitization
D. De-carburization
61. Graphitic corrosion usually occurs under _____ and _____conditions, especially in
contact with soils or waters high in sulfates.
A. High pH & turbulent conditions
B. Low pH & turbulent conditions
C. Low pH & Stagnant conditions
D. High pH & Stagnant conditions

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62. Graphitic corrosion damage occurs in the presence of moisture or an aqueous phase,
usually _____
A. above 200F
B. below 200F
C. below 150F
D. above 250F
63. Primarily affected materials by Graphitic corrosion are
A. Gray cast iron,
B. White cast iron
C. Pig iron
D. Wrought iron
64. Nodular and Malleable cast irons affected by graphitic corrosion tend to
A. Crack
B. Elongate
C. Crumble
D. Liquefy
65. Hardness of mild steel compared with carbon steel is __________
A. Same
B. Low
C. High
66. Carbon steel vessels and piping are susceptible to HE in services of
A. Wet H2S in FCC, Hydro-processing
B. Amine
C. Sour water
D. HF alkylation units
E. All of the above
67. Compared with most refinery equipments, storage spheres are made with _________
steels
A. Slightly low strength
B. Slightly high strength
C. Low alloy
D. High chromium
68. Cr-Mo reactors, drums and exchanger shells on hydro processing units and catalytic
reforming units are Susceptible to hydrogen embrittlement if the weld heat affected zone
hardness ________
A. Exceeds 180 BHN
B. Exceeds 200 BHN
C. Exceeds 235 BHN
D. Exceeds 265 BHN
69. In higher strength steels, the cracking due to Hydrogen embrittlement is often
A. Intragranular
B. Intergranular
C. Both of the above
70. To prevent Hydrogen embrittlement during welding, use low hydrogen, dry electrodes
and preheating methods. If hydrogen is expected to have diffused into the metal, an
elevated temperature bake out _________ may be required to drive the hydrogen out
prior to welding.
A. 200 F or higher
B. 300 F or higher
C. 400 F or higher
D. 320 F or higher
71. __________equipment in hot hydrogen service requires controlled shutdown and start-up
procedures to Control the pressurization sequence as a function of temperature.
A. Large diameter
B. Heavy volume
C. Low pressure

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D. High thick
72. In corrosive aqueous services, applying a protective lining, SS cladding or weld overlay is
one method to prevent the surface hydrogen reactions subsequently mitigating
hydrogen embrittlement
A. True
B. False
73. 300 series SS in HCL service along with pitting corrosion may experience following kind
of damage

A. Hydrogen SCC
B. Chloride SCC
C. Wet H2S damage
D. None of the above
74. ------------can migrate through the gas plant fractionation section of CCU resulting in mix
point or acid dew point corrosion.
A. HCl containing vapors
B. Caustic Containing vapours
C. Ammonia containing vapours
D. None of the above
75. Due to HCL corrosion the Carbon steel and low alloy steels suffer
A. general uniform thinning, localized corrosion or under deposit attack.
B. Only localized corrosion
C. general uniform thinning, localized corrosion or pitting.
D. All of the above
76. Due to HCL corrosion, 300 Series SS and 400 Series SS will often suffer
A. pitting attack
B. under deposit attack
C. localized attack
D. all of the above
77. _____________forms a protective fluoride scale in dry concentrated acid. Loss of the
protective scale through high velocities or turbulence will result in greatly
accelerated corrosion rates.
A. Low alloys steels
B. Carbon steels
C. Copper – Nickel steels
D. Alloy C276
78. _________ Material is widely used in equipments of HF alkylation units (with few
exceptions where close tolerances are not required) when operation parameters are
_____ to _____% water in HF acid and temperature generally _________
79. ___________increases corrosion rate of carbon steel and promotes accelerated
corrosion and SCC of ___________in HF environment

A. Hydrogen, Low alloy steels

B. Oxygen, Low alloy steels
C. Hydrogen, Alloy C 276
D. Oxygen, Alloy 400
80. Temperature where high corrosion rates observed in equipment and piping in HF
alkylation units.
A. above 50 F
B. above 150 F
C. above 250 F
D. above 225 F
81. ______________ fouls the piping , heat exchangers and in top of Iso stripper and de-
propanizer towers
A. HF
B. FeF

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C. HCL
D. CO2
82. Carbon steel equipment operating in HF environment above temperature of ________
should be monitored for metal loss and can be upgraded to _________ material
83. Solid or clad __________ can be used to eliminate the problems associated with
blistering and HIC/SOHIC, to minimize SCC, SR can be done and where cracking is
prominent in these materials ________ material can be used.
A. Titanium, Alloy 400
B. Alloy 400, Alloy C276
C. Alloy 400, Titanium
D. Alloy C276, Alloy 400
84. Phenomenon of NAC is a function of
A. Neutralization No (TAN)
B. Temperature & Alloy composition
C. Velocity
D. Sulfur content
E. All of the above
F. only (a) to (c)
85. Following materials are highly resistant for Amine cracking/carbonate cracking

A. Carbon steel
B. Stainless steel and Alloy 400
C. Copper alloys
D. Aluminium alloys

86. Amine Cracking, Caustic SCC, Carbonate SCC are the form of

A. Alkaline SCC
B. Chloride SCC
C. Acidic SCC
D. None of the above

87. Amine Cracks are typically initiated

A. ID
B. Mid wall
C. OD
D. None of the above

88. Amine Cracking does not takes place with

A. Lean amine
B. Rich amine
C. Pure alkanalomine
D. None of the above

89. Pattern of carbonate cracking is described as

A. A spider web of small cracks, Very fine network of cracks, oxide filled cracks

90. Detection of Carbonate cracking /Amine cracking can be best performed with

A. WFMT
B. ACFM
C. PT

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D. a or b

91. Carbonate cracking is not susceptible to extension by grinding so grinding is the viable
method of crack depth determination

A. True
B. False
92. Carbonate SCC cracking susceptibility increases with PH and carbonate concentration. It
can occur under following conditions

A. Non stress relieved CS

B. PH>9 and CO3-2> 100ppm
C. 8<PH<9 an CO3-2> 400ppm
D. With Water phase CO3-2> 50ppm and PH>7.6
93. Ammonium Bi-sulfide rapidly corrodes following material

A. Aluminum and Nickel base alloys

B. Stainless steels
C. Carbon steels and low alloy steels
D. Copper alloys and admiralty brass

94. Following materials is less resistant to Ammonium Bi-sulfide corrosion

A. Carbon steels
B. Stainless steels
C. Nickel base alloys
D. Aluminum alloys

95. NH4HS salts lead to underdeposit corrosion and fouling

96. Below____wt% NH4HS concentration it is not corrosive

A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
97. NH4HS corrosion is known as

A. Acidic sour water corrosion

B. Alkaline sour water corrosion
C. Acid corrosion
D. None of the above

98. Following unit is primarily affected due to NH4HS corrosion

A. Hydroprocessing reactor effluent system

99. Ammonium chloride corrosion often results in

A. General corrosion
B. Localized corrosion
C. Pitting corrosion
D. None of the above

100. Ammonium chloride corrosion mainly prevented by

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A. Limiting the chlorides and water washing to dissolve the deposited salts

101. Ammonium chloride corrosion normally occurs under the ammonium chloride or
amine salt deposits, often in the absence of water phase.
102. Severity of NAC corrosion increases with

A. Total Acidity Number(TAN) or Neutralization number

103. PASCC can be monitored during operation by following technique

A. PT
B. ACFM
C. WFMT
D. Not present while operating

104. Following will provide improved resistance to PASCC

A. Using Low carbon grades such as 304L,316L,317L

B. Using Stabilized grades such as 321 and 347, Nickel base alloys 825 and 625
C. Both a and b
D. None of the above

105. PASCC is also known as Intergranular corrosion (IGC) and Intergranular

Attack(IGA)

A. Using Low carbon grades such as 304L,316L,317L

B. Using Stabilized grades such as 321 and 347, Nickel base alloys 825 and 625
C. Both a and b
D. None of the above

106. Following materials will be affected by PASCC

A. 300 Series SS, Alloy 600/600H and Alloy 800/800H.

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