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Learn Punjabi Lesson One

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
457 views25 pages

Learn Punjabi Lesson One

Uploaded by

Sharan Sethi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Learn Punjabi - Sentence Structure Made Easy

Copyright © 2012, 2017 Team Indic

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in


any form or by electronic or mechanical means without written
permission from its publisher.

www.teamindic.com

Copyright © 2012, 2017 Team Indic


All rights reserved.
ISBN-10:0-9984828-0-3
ISBN-13:978-0-9984828-0-4

For orders and for other books by this author


please visit www.teamindic.com
Contents
INTRODUCTION9
LESSON ONE
THE BASIC SENTENCE 13

Word Order (Syntax) 13

Verb Endings (Inflection) 14

The Auxiliary Verb “to be”  15


LESSON ONE VOCABULARY 18
LESSON ONE WORKSHEET 19
PRESENT TENSE CHART 20
VERB ROOTS ENDING WITH CONSONANTS 20
DAILY PRACTICE SHEET VOCABULARY 21
DAILY PRACTICE SHEET 22

Exercise One  22

Exercise Two: Sentence Progressions  23

Exercise Three: Quick Start 23


PRACTICE CALENDAR
 24
WORKSHEET ANSWERS 25
LESSON TWO
INDIRECT OBJECTS  26

Position Words 26

Indirect Objects 26

Oblique Nouns 28
LESSON ONE VOCABULARY 29
LESSON TWO WORKSHEET 30
HOW POSTPOSITIONS CHANGE PRONOUNS 31
HOW POSTPOSITIONS CHANGE MASCULINE NOUNS  32
DAILY PRACTICE SHEET VOCABULARY 33
 DAILY PRACTICE SHEET 34

Exercise One: Direct Objects 34

Exercise Two: Indirect Objects 35

Exercise Three: Sentence Progressions  35


PRACTICE CALENDAR
36
WORKSHEET ANSWERS 37
LESSON THREE
CONNECTING SENTENCES 38

Connecting Words 38

Descriptive Sentences 39

Negative Sentences 39

Ability 40
LESSON THREE VOCABULARY 42
LESSON THREE WORKSHEET 43
PRESENT TENSE CHART 44
VERB ROOTS ENDING WITH KANNA 44
PRESENT TENSE CHART 45
VERB ROOTS ENDING IN OTHER VOWELS 45
IRREGULAR VERBS - PRESENT TENSE  46
DAILY PRACTICE SHEET VOCABULARY 47
VERB ROOTS ENDING IN KANNA 47
VERB ROOTS ENDING IN OTHER VOWELS 47
DAILY PRACTICE SHEET 48

Exercise One: Verb Roots Ending in Kanna 48


PRACTICE CALENDAR
 50
WORKSHEET ANSWERS 51
LESSON FOUR
VERBALS  52

A Special Verb Form 52

Verbals as Subjects  52

Verbals as Direct Objects  53

Subjunctive Mood 54

Verbals as Indirect Objects  55


LESSON FOUR VOCABULARY 57
LESSON FOUR WORKSHEET 58
SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD CHART 59
DAILY PRACTICE SHEET 60

Exercise One: Verbal as Subject 60


PRACTICE CALENDAR
62
 WORKSHEET ANSWERS 63
LESSON FIVE
PASSIVE AND FUTURE 64

Future Tense  64
Passive Sentences  64

Strong Obligation  65

Time of Day 67
LESSON FIVE VOCABULARY 69
LESSON FIVE WORKSHEET 70
FUTURE TENSE CHART 71
VERB ROOTS ENDING WITH CONSONANTS 71
FUTURE TENSE CHART 72
VERB ROOTS ENDING IN OTHER VOWELS 72
IRREGULAR VERBS - FUTURE TENSE  73
DAILY PRACTICE SHEET 74

Exercise One -Future Tense (Roots Ending in Consonants) 74


 PRACTICE CALENDAR 76
WORKSHEET ANSWERS 77
LESSON SIX
 PAST TENSE AND ADJECTIVES 78

Past Tense  78

A Special Postposition  79

Present, Remote & Habitual Past  79

Adjectives  81

Possessive Adjectives  82

The Apostrophe   83
   83
LESSON SIX VOCABULARY 84
LESSON SIX WORKSHEET 85
PAST TENSE CHART 86
VERB ROOTS ENDING WITH CONSONANTS 86
PAST TENSE CHART 87
VERB ROOTS ENDING WITH VOWELS 87
IRREGULAR VERBS - PAST TENSE  88
IRREGULAR VERBS - PAST TENSE  89
GENDER REVIEW  90
DAILY PRACTICE SHEET 91

Exercise One: Verb Roots Ending in Consonants 91

Exercise Two: Irregular Verbs 92


PRACTICE CALENDAR 93
WORKSHEET ANSWERS 94
LESSON SEVEN 
 THE CONTINUOUS TENSE AND QUESTIONS  95

Continuous Tense   95

Conjunct Verbs  96

Asking Questions  99

Yes or No Questions  101

What time is it? 101


LESSON SEVEN WORKSHEET 103
DAILY PRACTICE SHEET VOCABULARY 104
DAILY PRACTICE SHEET 105

Exercise One: Present Continuous Tense 105


Exercise Two: Past Continuous Tense 105

Exercise Three: Future Continuous Tense 105

Exercise Four: Conjunct Verbs 106

Exercise Five: Questions 106

Exercise Six: Yes or No Questions 106


PRACTICE CALENDAR 107
WORKSHEET ANSWERS 108
Index111
INTRODUCTION

Our Goal
This course is a step by step guide for learning simple, clear and correct Punjabi. It
is comprised of seven lessons which are designed specifically for English speaking
people. No prior knowledge of the Punjabi language is necessary to benefit from this
book.

A Unique Approach
This course approaches learning Punjabi from the standpoint of an English speaking
background. Comparisons are made between English and Punjabi to explain
concepts.

The main focus throughout the course is word order. It is vital for an English speaking
person who wants to learn Punjabi to focus not only on pronunciation and vocabulary
but also on learning how to arrange those new words into a sentence. To understand
why word order is so vital, notice how confusing it is to see English words in the
Punjabi word order:

“Every language in words random way in not arranged are.”

The first lesson explains how to form a basic sentence and the following six lessons
gradually explain how to build larger sentences.

Putting Theory into Practice


The course is laid out in a simple and logical manner. Each lesson builds on the
previous lesson. We recommend starting on the first lesson and working your way
through the entire course systematically. After completion of the course, the book can
also serve as a reference guide.
10 INTRODUCTION

Daily practice exercises are included with each lesson so that you can immediately
apply what you are learning. The accompanying practice calendar is for tracking
your progress for a month, so it is recommended to spend sufficient time practicing
each lesson before moving on to the next lesson. Remember, the goal of this course
is not simply to learn grammar but to start speaking Punjabi by putting theory into
practice.

The Think and Speak Method


The daily practice exercises use the ‘think and speak’ method. Rather than writing
out the answers, you will be asked to think about the answer and then say it out
loud. It can be said that to learn to read, you need to practice reading. To learn
to write, you need to practice writing. But to learn to speak, you need to practice
speaking.

There is no answer sheet provided for the daily practice exercises. This encourages
you to go back to the lesson and its accompanying charts for confirmation. The
daily exercises can be done either individually or with a partner.

We recommend a daily practice sessions of approximately 15 minutes. Research


has shown that brief but frequent practice sessions are far more beneficial than
long but infrequent sessions.

Rotating Practice Schedule


Starting with lesson four, the practice calendar uses a rotating practice schedule.
This means that practice sessions will rotate between the completed lessons, with
the most recently completed lesson being practiced the most frequently. As you
progress in the course, this method will aid you with long term retention. It has been
INTRODUCTION 11

observed, that as the length of time between practice sessions gradually increases,
the strength of the memory increases. In effect, gradually reducing the frequency of
practicing something will move it into your long term memory.

Learning the Punjabi (Gurmukhi) Script vs. Romanization


Due to popular demand, with this second edition, we have included Romanized text
alongside the Punjabi script. We employed the standard method as cataloged in
the US Library of Congress (https://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/roman.html).

Although this provides a means to get started quickly, we highly recommend taking
the time to learn to read the Punjabi script. To assist you with this, follow this link
to our website (http://howtolearnpunjabi.com/learn-punjabi-alphabet.php) to
download a copy of Punjabi alphabet flashcards.

You will notice that each card includes image mnemonics. This means that each
letter is associated with a picture that an English speaking person would be familiar
with which approximates the sound of the letter. Each time you see the letter
you recall the picture and thus can easily remember what the letter is. Using this
method, it is not uncommon to learn the entire Punjabi alphabet in a few weeks.
Doing so will aid greatly both with proper pronunciation and speaking the language
fluently.

From Our Readers


“This course is amazing because I’m teaching Punjabi to primary students and I
always face the problem of how I can teach sentence formation. When I teach my
kids the way you explain in your lessons, they learn so easily. I’m so happy.”
— Navjot, Canada
12 INTRODUCTION

“The course fantastically analyzed the difference between the sentence structure in
English and Punjabi which I have often struggled with.”
— Hasdeep, United Kingdom

“The course organized everything I needed to know with regards to sentence


structure in a manageable and easily understandable way. I wish I started here a
year ago, who knows how much more Punjabi I could have learned.”
— Vito, United States

“This course is very unique from the other courses I’ve seen and thanks to its
simplicity, I can now write simple Punjabi sentences and even speak them. I’m very
grateful! Thank you for making this gem for us who want to learn Punjabi.”
— Yvonnie, Philippines

“I try to teach my children the Punjabi language but it is difficult teaching children
who’s first language is English. I like the way it is explained simply and broken down
step by step, I feel more confident in teaching the language.”
— Manjinder, United Kingdom

“I enjoyed learning through the systematic and simple approach. The emphasis on
word order was a feature that I had never seen elsewhere and it was helpful.”
— Raghbir, The United Kingdom

“I liked the way of teaching with fundamental and rich vocabulary and exercises.”
— Ranjeet, India

“I love the way the comparison is made to the way English is taught.”
— Jasminder, Indonesia

“It was concise and easy to follow and understand. Everything you needed was
provided. The learner was kept in mind at all times.”
— Ravinder, England
LESSON ONE

THE BASIC SENTENCE

Word Order (Syntax)


In every language, including English, the words in a sentence are not arranged
randomly, rather, they follow a specific order.

When an English speaking person is learning Punjabi, they need to give special
attention to the word order in Punjabi because it is different than the word order in
English. Arranging words in the proper order is vital to being understood.

In English the word order is (subject + verb + object)


In Punjabi the word order is (subject + object + verb)

For example: “Nick sends letters” would become “Nick letters sends”

The subject, direct object and verb are the main parts of a sentence. These three
parts of a sentence are like boxes. You can put one or more words into each box. To
determine which box to put a word into, ask the following questions:

1. What is being done? (VERB)


2. Who is doing it? (SUBJECT)
3. …what? (DIRECT OBJECT)

SUBJECT DIRECT OBJECT VERB


Nick letters sends is
ਿਨਕ ਿਚੱਠੀਆਂ ਭੇਜਦਾ ਹੈ
Nik ciṭhṭhīāṇ bhejdā hai

TIP: Always identify the verb first. If you start by identifying the VERB then you will never
get your subject and object confused.
14 LEARN PUNJABI: SENTENCE STRUCTURE MADE EASY

Putting Theory Into Practice


At this point, find page 19 entitled “Lesson One Worksheet.” We will now practice
rearranging English words into the Punjabi word order. This worksheet has five
sentences for you to translate. Go ahead and follow steps 1 – 4 closely. We will do
steps 5 and 6 later.

TIP: Punjabi does not use the words “a” or “the”. So ignore these words when you
translate into English.

Verb Endings (Inflection)


The next important matter to discuss is verb endings. In English, to a limited extent,
the verb changes in order to match the subject. For example, let’s look at the
sentence: “Nick sends letters.” If we want to say in English, “We send letters” then we
would need to change “sends” to “send”.

In Punjabi, a similar thing happens. The verb changes in order to match the subject.
In Punjabi, the verb changes depending on whether the subject is:

1.  singular or plural


2.  masculine or feminine

How do we change the verb?

First: Find the stem (or root) of the verb. In Punjabi, this means simply
removing the ਨਾ nā or ਣਾ ṇā ending.
For example: “to send” ਭੇਜਣਾ bhejṇā (the stem is ਭੇਜ bhej)

Second: Add the appropriate ending to the stem of the verb.


For example:  ਭੇਜ bhej (stem) + ਦਾ dā (ending) =  ਭੇਜਦਾ bhejdā
LESSON ONE: THE BASIC SENTENCE 15

REMEMBER: The verb must match the subject. In our example sentence, “Nick” is a
masculine singular subject, so we add the masculine singular ending ਦਾ dā to the
stem. 

In the present tense, there are four different verb endings: 

masculine singular ਦਾ dā feminine singular ਦੀ dī

masculine plural ਦੇ de feminine plural ਦੀਆਂ dīāṇ

If you are using a pronoun (I, we, you, he, she, they) then use the corresponding
ending from the “Present Tense Chart” on page 20. In this chart the verb root is
shaded in gray and the verb endings are highlighted in red. 

NOTE: The plural form of ‘you’ is used for respect and ALWAYS uses the masculine
ending. The pronouns ‘we’ and ‘they’ most often use the masculine ending because
even if only one in the group is masculine then the masculine ending should be
used. Wherever possible, the chart shows the ending that is most commonly used.

Now, let’s discuss the last column (highlighted in yellow) on the “Present Tense
Chart” which is called “Aux. Verb”. 

The Auxiliary Verb “to be” 


In English, we put a minimum of one verb into the verb box. However, in Punjabi, it is
common to put TWO verbs into the verb box:

1. The main verb

2. The auxiliary verb  

Most commonly, the verb “to be” is used as the auxiliary verb. In English, the verb “to
be” can be expressed using the words: am, is & are. These words must match the
16 LEARN PUNJABI: SENTENCE STRUCTURE MADE EASY

subject.  For example, singular subjects use ‘is’ and plural subjects use ‘are.’ If the
subject is a pronoun, it has a matching pair.

For example:  I am    You are    We are    He/She is    They are

In Punjabi, the verb ਹੋਣਾ hoṇā (to be) can be expressed using the words: ਹੈ hai, ਹਾਂ hāṇ,
ਹੋ ho & ਹਨ han

1. Singular subjects use ਹੈ hai

2. Plural subjects use ਹਨ han

If the subject is a pronoun, it has a matching pair as shown below.

ਮੈ ਂ ਹਾਂ maiṇ hāṇ ਤੁਸੀ ਂ ਹੋ tusīṇ ho ਅਸੀ ਂ ਹਾਂ āsīṇ hāṇ ਉਹ ਹੈ uh hai ਉਹ ਹਨ uh han
I am You are We are He/She is They are

The auxiliary verb is put into the verb box after the main verb. Notice our example
sentence one last time: “Nick sends letters” Nick is masculine singular so we use the
auxiliary verb ਹੈ hai

SUBJECT DIRECT OBJECT VERB + AUX.VERB


Nick letters sends is
ਿਨਕ ਿਚੱਠੀਆਂ ਭੇਜਦਾ ਹੈ
Nik ciṭhṭhīāṇ bhejdā hai

Using the “Present Tense Chart” on page 20 you can now complete steps 5 – 6
on the worksheet. All the necessary vocabulary is at the bottom of the page. After
completing the worksheet, you can use the answer sheet to check your sentences.
Each lesson has an answer sheet for the worksheet on the last page of the lesson.
LESSON ONE: THE BASIC SENTENCE 17

The Think and Speak Method


Daily practice exercises are included with each lesson so that you can immediately
apply what you are learning. The accompanying practice calendar is for tracking
your progress for a month, so it is recommended to spend sufficient time practicing
each lesson before moving on to the next lesson. Remember, the goal of this course
is not simply to learn grammar but to start speaking Punjabi by putting theory into
practice.

The daily practice exercises use the ‘think and speak’ method. Rather than writing
out the answers, you will be asked to think about the answer and then say it out
loud. It can be said that to learn to read, you need to practice reading. To learn
to write, you need to practice writing. But to learn to speak, you need to practice
speaking.

There is no answer sheet provided for the daily practice exercises. This encourages
you to go back to the lesson and its accompanying charts for confirmation. The
daily exercises can be done either individually or with a partner.

We recommend a daily practice sessions of approximately 15 minutes. Research


has shown that brief but frequent practice sessions are far more beneficial
than long but infrequent sessions. When you feel comfortable with performing
the exercises then you are ready to move on to the next lesson and build larger
sentences!
18 LESSON ONE VOCABULARY
1. Words with masculine gender are highlighted in blue.
2. Words with feminine gender are highlighted in pink.
3. Words that are used for both the singular and plural form are marked with (s).

am/are answer(s) are


ਹਾਂ hāṇ ਜਵਾਬ jawāb ਹੋ ho

are to ask English


ਹਨ han ਪੁੱਛਣਾ puchchṇā ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ੀ aṇgrezī

he/she/they/that I is
ਉਹ uh ਮੈ ਂ maiṇ ਹੈ hai

to learn picture Punjabi


ਿਸੱਖਣਾ sikhkhṇā ਤਸਵੀਰ taswīr ਪੰਜਾਬੀ paṇjābī

question(s) to see to speak


ਸਵਾਲ sawāl ਦੇਖਣਾ dekhṇā ਬੋਲਣਾ bolṇā

we to write you
ਅਸੀ ਂ āsīṇ ਿਲਖਣਾ likhṇā ਤੁਸੀ ਂ tusīṇ
LESSON ONE WORKSHEET 19

Step one: Ask what is being done? (Write “V” for verb above the word)
Step two: Ask who is doing it? (Write “S” for subject above the word)
Step three: Ask …what? (Write “D.O” for direct object above the word)
Step four: Write the English words in the Punjabi word order on the first line
Step five: Write the Punjabi words underneath on the second line.
Step six: Add the appropriate verb ending and auxiliary verb.

1. I learn Punjabi.

2. We ask a question.

3. I speak English.

4. He writes the answer.

5. You see the picture.

Vocabulary: am/are ਹਾਂ | answer ਜਵਾਬ | are ਹੋ or ਹਨ | to ask ਪੁੱਛਣਾ | English ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ੀ
he ਉਹ | I ਮੈ ਂ | is ਹੈ | to learn ਿਸੱਖਣਾ | picture ਤਸਵੀਰ | Punjabi ਪੰਜਾਬੀ | question ਸਵਾਲ
to see ਦੇਖਣਾ | to speak ਬੋਲਣਾ | we ਅਸੀ ਂ | to write ਿਲਖਣਾ | you ਤੁਸੀ ਂ
20 PRESENT TENSE CHART
VERB ROOTS ENDING WITH CONSONANTS
SUBJECT + VERB ROOT + ENDING + AUX.VERB

Pronoun Pronoun Masculine Feminine Auxiliary


English Punjabi Endings Endings Verb

I ਮੈ ਂ ਹਾਂ
ਬੋਲਦਾ ਬੋਲਦੀ
He/She ਉਹ ਹੈ
(Singular)

They ਉਹ ਬੋਲਦੇ ਬੋਲਦੀਆਂ ਹਨ


(Plural)

We ਅਸੀ ਂ ਹਾਂ
ਬੋਲਦੇ
You ਤੁਸੀ ਂ ਹੋ

NOTE: If the subject is NOT a pronoun then determine its gender and number. The
same endings for (He/She) are used for singular subjects. The same endings for

(They) are used for plural subjects.


DAILY PRACTICE SHEET VOCABULARY 21

to ask to become to change


ਪੁੱਛਣਾ puchchaṇā ਬਣਨਾ baṇnā ਬਦਲਣਾ badalṇā

 to come out to find to know


ਿਨਕਲਣਾ nikalṇā ਲੱਭਣਾ labhbhaṇā ਜਾਣਨਾ jāṇnā

to learn to listen/hear to meet


ਿਸੱਖਣਾ sikhkhaṇā ਸੁਣਨਾ suṇnā ਿਮਲਣਾ milṇā

to open to put/keep to read


ਖੋਲਹਣਾ kholhṇā ਰੱਖਣਾ rakhkhaṇā ਪੜਹਨਾ par̥hnā

to see to sit to speak/talk


ਦੇਖਣਾ dekhṇā ਬੈਠਣਾ baiṭhṇā ਬੋਲਣਾ bolṇā

to tell to think to understand


ਦੱਸਣਾ dassaṇā ਸੋਚਣਾ socṇā ਸਮਝਣਾ samajhṇā

to use to walk to write


ਵਰਤਣਾ waratṇā ਤੁਰਨਾ turṇā ਿਲਖਣਾ likhṇā
22 DAILY PRACTICE SHEET
Instructions for the ‘Think and Speak’ method:
Do NOT write down the answers – this is the ‘think’ part
Say each sentence OUT LOUD – this is the ‘speak’ part

What if I get stuck? Look at the reference charts for help. The goal is NOT to
‘memorize’ the sentences but to LEARN A METHOD to construct your own sentences.

SUBJECT + DIRECT OBJECT + VERB ROOT + ENDING + AUX.VERB

Exercise One
Say each sentence OUT LOUD.

1. He asks.  14. She asks.  29. I learn.


ਉਹ + ਪੁੱਛ + ending + aux.verb 15. We sit. 30. She listens/hears.
= ਉਹ ਪੁੱਛਦਾ ਹੈ 16. They talk/speak. 31. You meet.
2. We become. 17. I tell. 32. He opens.
3. They change. 18. She thinks. 33. We put/keep.
4. I emerge/come out. 19. You understand. 34. They read.
5. She finds. 20. He uses. 35. I see.
6. You know. 21. We walk. 36. She sits. 
7. He learns. 22. She writes. 37. You talk/speak. 
8. We listen/hear. 23. I ask. 38. He tells. 
9. They meet. 24. They become. 39. We think. 
10. I open. 25. You change. 40. They understand. 
11. She puts/keeps. 26. He emerges/comes out. 41. I use. 
12. You read. 27. We find. 42. She walks.
13. He sees. 28. They know. 43. You write.
23

Exercise Two: Sentence Progressions


Add a DIRECT OBJECT of your choice to the sentences from exercise one and say
each sentence OUT LOUD. Skip the sentences shaded in gray because they do not
take a direct object easily. To get started, here is a list of direct objects in English.

TIP: For this exercise, we will use English words for our objects. Starting in lesson two,
we will use Punjabi words for our objects.

answer book(s) cars


cat chairs door(s)
English friend(s) gifts
house(s) letters magazines
movie pathway picture(s)
price Punjabi question
reason(s) shop song(s)
stories story work

Exercise Three: Quick Start


Say each sentence using the SAME subject. ( e.g. we, I, he, Nick, they, she, you )

1. ___ ask(s) 8. ___ listen(s) 15. ___ talk(s)


2. ___ become(s) 9. ___ meet(s) 16. ___ tell(s)
3. ___ change(s) 10. ___ open(s) 17. ___ think(s)
4. ___ come(s) out 11. ___ put/keep(s) 18. ___ understand(s)
5. ___ find(s) 12. ___ read(s) 19. ___ use(s)
6. ___ know(s) 13. ___ see(s) 20. ___ walk(s)
7. ___ learn(s) 14. ___ sit(s) 21. ___ write(s)
24 PRACTICE CALENDAR

Box 1: Practice 5 minutes or more of exercise one and then ü check box 1
Box 2: Practice 5 minutes or more of exercise two and then ü check box 2
Box 3: Practice 5 minutes or more of exercise three and then ü check box 3

Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4

1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3
Monday

1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3
Tuesday

1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3
Wednesday

1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3
Thursday

1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3
Friday

1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3
Saturday

1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3
Sunday
WORKSHEET ANSWERS 25

Step one: Ask what is being done? (Write “V” for verb above the word)
Step two: Ask who is doing it? (Write “S” for subject above the word)
Step three: Ask …what? (Write “D.O” for direct object above the word)
Step four: Write the English words in the Punjabi word order on the first line
Step five: Write the Punjabi words underneath on the second line.
Step six: Add the appropriate verb ending and auxiliary verb.
S V D.O.
1. I learn Punjabi. I Punjabi learn
ਮੈ ਂ ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਿਸੱਖਦਾ ਹਾਂ (masculine subject)
ਮੈ ਂ ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਿਸੱਖਦੀ ਹਾਂ (feminine subject)
S V D.O.
2. We ask a question. We questions ask

ਅਸੀ ਂ ਸਵਾਲ ਪੁੱਛਦੇ ਹਾਂ


S V D.O.
3. I speak English. I English speak
ਮੈ ਂ ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ੀ ਬੋਲਦਾ ਹਾਂ (masculine subject)
ਮੈ ਂ ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ੀ ਬੋਲਦੀ ਹਾਂ (feminine subject)
S V D.O.
4. He writes the answer. He answer writes

ਉਹ ਜਵਾਬ ਿਲਖਦਾ ਹੈ
S V D.O.
5. You see the picture. You picture see

ਤੁਸੀ ਂ ਤਸਵੀਰ ਦੇਖਦੇ ਹੋ

Vocabulary: am/are ਹਾਂ | answer ਜਵਾਬ | are ਹੋ or ਹਨ | to ask ਪੁੱਛਣਾ | English ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ੀ
he ਉਹ | I ਮੈ ਂ | is ਹੈ | to learn ਿਸੱਖਣਾ | picture ਤਸਵੀਰ | Punjabi ਪੰਜਾਬੀ | question ਸਵਾਲ
to see ਦੇਖਣਾ | to speak ਬੋਲਣਾ | we ਅਸੀ ਂ | to write ਿਲਖਣਾ | you ਤੁਸੀ ਂ

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