PROPOSED FOUR-STOREY RESIDENTIAL-COMMERCIAL BUILDING

A Project Report for Civil

Engineering Project
Presented to
The Faculty of Engineering and Technology Department
St. Anthony’s College
San Jose de Buenavista, Antique 5700

In Partial Fulfillment of the

Requirements for the Degree
Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering

By:
ANTONIO, FERRIC EUSON M.
ONIFA, NAHYOMI ELLOISA M.
SECORMAYLE, DEA LYRE S.
SERAPION, JASON D.
TANDOY, CHERYLLE JOY T.

8 November 2021
 CHAPTER 1

FINAL DESIGN NARRATIVE

Slab 1 and Slab 3 are Two-Way Slabs and has the same thickness, the same depth,
reinforcement along short and long span and same spacing of reinforcement.
The following are its data:

a. Thickness is 120mm.

b. Depth is 94mm.

c. Reinforcement of Slabs Along Short and Along Long Span is 12mm in

diameter
d. Spacing of Reinforcements is 150mm on center.

Slab 2 is a one-way Slab and has the following data:

a. Thickness is 120mm

b. Depth is 94mm

c. Reinforcement of Slab in Main Bar is 12mm in diameter and Shrinkage and

Temperature Bar is 10mm in diameter.
d. Spacing of Reinforcements is 150 mm on center.

e. Spacing for Temperature Bar is 300mm on center.

Beam 1 has a dimension with a base of 200 mm, depth of 340 mm including 60 mm of
steel covering with a total height of 400mm. Beam 1 has a steel reinforcement of 2-20 mm Ø
top bars (@ support and midspan) and 3-20 mm Ø bottom bars (@ support and midspan).
Beam 2 has a dimension with a base of 200 mm, depth of 240 mm including 60 mm of steel
covering with a total height of 300mm. Beam 1 has a steel reinforcement of 2-20 mm Ø top
bars (@ support and midspan) and 2-20 mm Ø bottom bars (@ support and midspan).
 CHAPTER II

NSCP SPECIFICATIONS

The following are the codes and provisions of National Structural Code of the Philippines
(NSCP) 2010 to be used in the design of beams and slabs.

DESIGN LOADS, STRENGTH AND STRESSES

Dead Load (Section 204. 1)

Dead load consists of the weight of all materials of construction incorporation into the
building or other structure, including incorporated into building or other structure, including but
not limited to walls, floor, roofs, ceiling, stairways, built-in partitions, finishes, cladding and
other similarly incorporated architectural and structural items, and fixed service equipment,
including the weight of cranes.

The following are the minimum uniform dead loads to be used in the design of beams and
slabs.
Concrete = 23.56 kN/cu.m

Steel = 76.93 kPa

Plaster = 0.24 kPa

Ceiling (Plaster or Tile or concrete) = 0.24 kPa

Floor Finishing = 0.75 kPa

Exit Facility = 0.7 kPa

Live Loads (Section 205.3 Floor Live loads)

Floor shall be designed for the unit live loads as set forth in the Table 205-1. These loads
shall be taken as the minimum live loads of horizontal projection to be used in the design of
buildings for the occupancies listed, and loads at least equal shall be assumed for uses not listed
in this section but that creates or accommodates similar loadings.
 Where it can be determined in designing floors that the actual live load will be greater
than the value shown in Table 205.-1 the actual live load shall be used in the design of such
buildings or portions thereof. Special provisions shall be made for machine and apparatus loads.

The following are the minimum uniform dead loads to be used in the design of beams and
slabs.

Corridors above ground floors = 3.8 kPa

Comfort Rooms = 1.9 kPa

Stairs = 4.8 kPa

Exit Facilities = 4.8 kPa

Bedroom = 1.9 kPa

Corridors on ground = 3.8 kPa

Roof Deck = 1.9 kPa

Stores(retail) = 4.8 kPa

Specified Strength

Compressive Strength of concrete fc’ (Section 405. 4.1.2)

required average strength f'cr shall be determined from Table 405-2 and
documentation of average strength shall be in accordance with requirements of Section
 405.4.3.

The design compressive strength to be used will be 21 ≤ f’c ≤ 35 Mpa. For grade 33
reinforcement bars, fc’ will be 227 MPa. For grade 40 reinforcement bars, fc’ will be 276 MPa

Required Strength

Basic Load Combinations (Section 203.3.1)

Where load and resistance factor design is used, structures and all portions thereof shall
resist the most critical effects from the following combinations of factored loads:

The load combination that will be used in the computation will be 1.2 of dead load and
1.6 of Live load

Strength design in flexure, Strain (Section 410.3)

Section 410.3.1 Strength design of members for flexure and axial loads shall be based on
assumptions given in Sections 410.3.2 through 410.3.7 and on satisfaction of applicable
conditions of equilibrium and compatibility of strains.
Section 410.3.2 Strain in reinforcement and concrete shall be assumed directly
proportional to the distance from the neutral axis, except that, for deep flexural beams as defined
in Section 410.8.1, an analysis that considers a nonlinear distribution of strain shall be used.
Alternatively, it shall be permitted to use a strut-and-tie model.
 Section 410.3.3 Maximum usable strain at extreme concrete compression fiber shall
be assumed equal to 0.003.

Modulus of Elasticity for non- prestressed reinforcement (Section 408.6.2)

Modulus of elasticity Es for non-prestressed reinforcement shall be permitted to be

taken as 200,000 MPa

Modulus of Elasticity Es will be 200 000 MPa

Strength Reduction Factor (Section 409.4.2)

For Class C and Class T flexural members, as defined in Section 418.4.3, deflection
calculations shall be based on a cracked transformed section analysis. It shall be permitted to
base computations on a bilinear moment deflection relationship, or an effective moment of
inertia, Ie, as defined by Eq. 409-8.
Tension Controlled 0.9
Transition Controlled 0.65 + (Ɛƭ – 0.002) (250/3)
Compression Controlled 0.65

For the investigation of beams and girders, the above criteria for the value of strength
reduction factor Ø will be used in the computation. When Ɛt is greater than 0.005, then the
section is tension controlled, when 0.002 < Ɛt > 0.005, then the section is transition controlled.
when Ɛt < 0.002, then the section is compression controlled.
 Beta Factor ɮ1 (Section 410.3.7)

Section 410.3.7.1 Concrete stress of 0.85f'c shall be assumed uniformly distributed over
an equivalent compression zone bounded by edges of the cross section and a straight line located
parallel to the neutral axis at a distance a = ɮ1 c from the fiber of maximum compressive strain.

Section 410.3.7.2 Distance from fiber of maximum strain to the neutral axis, c, shall be
measured in a direction perpendicular to the axis.

Section 410.3.7.3 Factor ɮ1 shall be taken as 0.85 for concrete strengths f'c for 17 MPa up
to 28 MPa. For strengths above 28 MPa, ɮ1 shall be reduced linearly at a rate of 0.05 for each 7 MPa
of strength in excess of 28 MPa, but ɮ1 shall not be taken less than 0.65

For the investigation of beams and girders, the value of ɮ1 will be based on the criteria stated
in Section 410.3.7.3

Methods of Analysis (Section 408.4)

As an alternate to frame analysis, the following approximate moments and shears shall be
permitted to be used in design of continuous beams and one-way slabs (slabs reinforced to resist
flexural stresses in only one direction), provided:

1. There are two or more spans;

2. Spans are approximately equal, with the larger of two adjacent spans not greater than the
shorter by more than 20 percent;
3. Loads are uniformly distributed;
 4. Unfactored live load, L, does not exceed three times unfactored dead load, D; and

5. Members are prismatic.

For calculating negative moments, ln is taken as the average of the adjacent clear span

lengths.

For the maximum moment at support and midspan in the design of beams, using the
above criteria, end spans will be identified first (whether it is continuous or not). For maximum
moment at support and midspan in the design of slab, the above criteria will also be the basis.
 DETAILS OF SLAB

Shrinkage and Temperature Reinforcement (Section 407.13.2.1)

Area of shrinkage and temperature reinforcement shall provide at least the following
ratios of reinforcement area to gross concrete area, but not less than 0.0014:

1. Slabs where Grade 280 and Grade 530 deformed bars are used - 0.0020

2. Slabs where Grade 415 deformed bars or welded wire fabric (smooth or deformed)
are used - 0.0018

3. Slabs where reinforcement with yield stress exceeding 415 MPa measured at a yield
strain of 0.35 percent is used –

10mm diameter reinforcement bar will be used in Shrinkage and Temperature Bar. The
area of temperature bars will be 0.002bt, where b is assumed as 1 m strip and t are the
thickness of the slab, but should be greater than 0.0014.

Section 407.13.2.2, shrinkage and temperature reinforcement may not be spaced not
farther apart than 5 times the slab thickness, nor 450 mm
Section 407.13.2.3 At all sections where required, reinforcement for shrinkage and
temperature stresses shall develop the specified yield strength fy in tension in accordance with
Section 412.
Spacing of the shrinkage and temperature bar will less than 5t nor 450 mm, where t is the
slab thickness.

Minimum Thickness (One Way Slab)

Section 409.6.2 One-Way Construction (Nonprestressed)

Minimum thickness stipulated in Table 409-1 shall apply for one-way construction
not supporting or attached to partitions or other construction likely to be damaged by large
deflections, unless computation of deflection indicates a lesser thickness may be used
without adverse effects.
Table 409-1 - Minimum Thickness of Nonprestressed Beams or One-Way Slabs Unless
Deflections are Computed

Minimum Thickness, h

Simply Supported One end continuous Both end continuous Cantilever

Members not supporting or attached to partitions or other construction likely to

Member be damaged by large deflections
Solid one-way slabs 𝑙 𝑙 𝑙 𝑙

20 24 28 10
Beams or ribbed 𝑙 𝑙 𝑙 𝑙
one-way slabs 16 18.5 21 8

Values given shall be used directly for members with normal weight concrete (= ) and
Grade 415 reinforcement. For other conditions, the values shall be modified as follows:

a) For structural lightweight concrete having unit weight in the range 1,500-2,000 kg., the
values shall be multiplied by (1.65 - 0.0003) but not less than 1.09, where is the unit
weight in kg/m3.
b) For fy other than 415 MPa, the values shall be multiplied by (0.4 +)

For one end continuous span, minimum thickness will be equal to

L/24. For cantilever span, minimum thickness will be equal to L/10.

Minimum Thickness of Two-Way Slab

Section 409.6.3.2 (Two-Way Construction (Nonprestressed))

For slabs without interior beams spanning between the supports and having a ratio of
long to short span not greater than 2, the minimum thickness shall be in accordance with the
provisions of Table 409-3 and shall not be less than the following values:

1. Slabs without drop panels as defined in Sections 413.3.5 ........................................ 125 mm

2. Slabs with drop panels as defined in Sections 413.3.5. ............................................ 100 mm

 Section 409.6.3.3

For slabs with beams spanning between the supports on all sides, the minimum
thickness shall be as follows:

1. For equal to or less than 0.2, the provisions of Section 409.6.3.2 shall apply.

2. For greater than 0.2 but not greater than 2.0, the thickness shall not be less than:
and not less than 125 mm.;

3. For greater than 2.0, the thickness shall not be less than and not less than 90 mm.
4. At discontinuous edges, an edge beam shall be provided with a stiffness ratio fm not
less than 0.80; or the minimum thickness required by Eq. 409-12 or 409-13 shall be
increased by at least 10 percent in the panel with a discontinuous edge.

Flat slab without drop panels will be used and it will have a minimum thickness of
125 mm

Section 407.8 Concrete Protection for Reinforcement

Cast-in-Place Concrete (Nonprestressed) Unless a greater cover is

required by Section 407.8.6 or 407.8.8, specified cover for reinforcement shall not less
than the following:

Minimum Cover

1. Concrete cast against and permanently exposed to earth ................................ 75 mm

2. Concrete exposed to earth or weather:

ɸ20 mm bar through ɸ36 mm bar ................................................................ 50 mm

ɸ16 mm bar, MW200 or MD200 wire, and smaller ................................... 40 mm

3. Concrete not exposed to weather or in contact with ground:

a. Slabs, walls, joists: ɸ42 mm and ɸ58 mm bars ..................................... 40 mm

 ɸ36 mm bars and smaller ............................................................. 20 mm

b. Beams, columns:

Primary reinforcement, ties, stirrups, spirals .............................. 40 mm

c. Shells, folded plate members:

ɸ20 mm bar and larger ................................................................. 20 mm

ɸ16 mm bar, MW200 or MD200 wire, and smaller .................... 12 mm

Concrete cover for slab that will be adapted is 20 mm. For beams not exposed to
weather or in contact with ground, the concrete cover will be 40 mm. for beams exposed to
weather with 20 mm diameter reinforcement bar, concrete cover will be 50 mm.

Section 413.4 Slab Reinforcement

Spacing of reinforcement at critical sections shall not exceed two times the slab
thickness, except for portions of slab area of cellular or ribbed construction. In the slab
over cellular spaces, reinforcement shall be provided as required by Section 407.13

Spacing of slab reinforcement will be less than 2t, where t is the thickness of the
slab.
 DETAILS OF BEAMS

Details of Reinforcement (Section 407)

Section 407.2 Standard Hooks "Standard hook'' as used in this code is one of the
following:

a. 180-degree bend plus 4db extension, but not less than 60 mm at free end of bar.
b. 90-degree bend plus 12db extension at free end of bar.
Section 407.2.3 For stirrup and tie hooks:
a. ɸ16 mm bar and smaller, 90-degree bend plus 6db extension at free end of bar; or

b. ɸ20 mm and ɸ25 mm bar, 90-degree bend, plus 12db extension at free end of bar; or

c. ɸ25 mm bar and smaller, 135-degree bend plus 6db extension at free end of bar.

10 mm diameter reinforcing bar will be the diameter of the stirrups in this design.

Spacing Limits for Reinforcement (Section 407.7)

Section 407.7.1 The minimum clear spacing between parallel bars in a layer shall be db
but not less than 25 mm.

The minimum spacing of reinforcement will be db but not less than 25 mm.

Minimum Shear Reinforcement (Section 411.6.6.1)

Section 411.6.6.1 A minimum area of shear reinforcement, Av,min, shall be provided in

all reinforced concrete flexural members (prestressed and nonprestressed) where Vu exceeds
0.5ØVc, except in members satisfying one or more of (1) through (6):
Solid slabs and footings;

1. Hollow-core units with total untopped depth not greater than 300 mm and hollow-core
units where

2. Vu is not greater than 0.5ØVcw;

 3. Concrete joist construction defined by Section 408.14;

4. Beams with total depth, h not greater than 250 mm;

5. Beams integral with slabs with total depth, h not greater than 600 mm, and not greater than
2.5 times thickness of flange or 0.50 the width of web;

6. Beams constructed of steel fiber-reinforced, normal weight concrete with fc′ not exceeding
40 MPa, h not greater than 600 mm, and Vu not greater than Ø 0.17 c f ' cbwd.
406.4.4 Construction joints in floors shall be located within the middle third of spans of
slabs, beams and girders.

Design of Shear Reinforcement (Section 411.6.7)

Section 411.6.7.1: Where factored shear force Vu exceeds shear strength Vc, shear

reinforcement shall be provided to satisfy Equations (411-1) and (411-2), where shear strength
Vs shall be computed in accordance with Sections 411.6.7.2 through 411.6.7.9.
Section 411.6.7.2: Where shear reinforcement perpendicular to axis of member is used,

The above provisions will be served as guide in designing the shear reinforcement
of the beam and girder section.
 DIAGRAMS FOR COMPUTATION

Second and Third Floor Framing

Short Long Live Loads

m
SLAB Span Span Type of Slab Carried Dead Loads (kPa)
(La/Lb)
(La) (Lb) (kPa)
S1 5 5 1 Two Way 3.8 Wt. of Slab, Ceiling
S2 2.5 5 0.5 One Way 3.8 (plaster on tile or
concrete), Floor
S3 2.1 2.5 0.8 Two way 4.8
Finishing

ROOF DECK

Short Long Live Loads

m
SLAB Span Span Type of Slab Carried Dead Loads (kPa)
(La/Lb)
(La) (Lb) (kPa)
S1 5 5 1 Two Way 1.9 Wt. of Slab, Ceiling
S2 2.5 5 0.5 One Way 1.9 (plaster on tile or
concrete), Floor
S3 2.1 2.5 0.8 Two way 1.9
Finishing
 Second and Third Floor Framing

COEFFICIENTS
Cases
Dead load Live Load Moment
for Two Negative Moment
SLAB m Moment (+) (+)
way
Slab Ca Cb CaDL CbDL CaLL CbLL`

S1 Case 4 1 0.050 0.050 0.027 0.027 0.032 0.032

S3 Case 5 0.80 0.083 0.032 0.009 0.044 0.016

ROOF DECK

COEFFICIENTS
Cases
Dead load Live Load Moment
for Two Negative Moment
SLAB m Moment (+) (+)
way
Slab Ca Cb CaDL CbDL CaLL CbLL`

S1 Case 4 1 0.050 0.050 0.027 0.027 0.032 0.032

S3 Case 5 0.80 0.083 0.032 0.009 0.044 0.016

Length Carried
Beams
(meters) Slabs

B1 5
S1
B2 2.5 S1
S3
 CHAPTER III

FRAMINGS/DETAILS & SCHEDULE OS SLABS, BEAMS AND GIRDERS

SLAB DETAILS
BEAM DETAILS
GIRDER DETAILS