Differential Equations: Homework 5

Alvin Lin
January 2018 - May 2018

1
Section 3.5
Exercise 1
An RL circuit with a 5 − Ω resistor and a 0.05-H inductor carries a current of 1 A at t = 0, at which time
a voltage source E(t) = 5 cos(120t)V is added. Determine the subsequent inductor current and voltage.

di
L + Ri = E(t)
dt
di R E(t)
+ i=
dt L L
di 5 5 cos(120t)
+ i=
dt 0.05 0.05
di
+ 100i = 100 cos(120t)
dt R
µ(t) = e 100 dt = e100t
di
e100t + e100t 100i = 100 cos(120t)e100t
Z  dt  Z
di
e100t + e100t 100i dt = 100 cos(120t)e100t dt
dt
Z
100t
ie +c= 100 cos(120t)e100t dt
Z 
−100t 100t
i = 100e cos(120t)e dt + c
 100t 
−100t e (100 cos(120t) + 120 sin(120t))
= 100e +c
1002 + 1202
100 cos(120t) + 120 sin(120t)
= + 100ce−100t
244
Using our initial value of i(0) = 1:

100 cos(120t) + 120 sin(120t)

i(t) = + ke−100t
244
100 cos(0) + 120 sin(0)
1 = i(0) = + ke0
244
100
= +k
244
144
k=
244
100 cos(120t) + 120 sin(120t) 144 −100t
i(t) = + e
244 244
100 cos(120t) + 120 sin(120t) + 144e−100t
i(t) =
244

To find the voltage drop:

−12000 cos(120t) + 12000 cos(120t) − 14400e−100t

 
di
L = 0.5
dt 244

2
Exercise 7
An industrial electromagnet can be modeled as an RL circuit, while it is being energized with a voltage
source. If the inductance is 10H and the wire windings contain 3Ω of resistance, how long does it take a
constant applied voltage to energize the electromagnet to within 90% of its final value (that is, the current
equals 90% of its asymptotic value)?

di R E
+ i=
dt L LR
R Rt
µ(t) = e L dt = e L
Rt di Rt R Rt E
eL +eL i=eL
dt L Z L
R Rt E
ie L t + c = e L dt
L
E Rt
i = + ce− L
R

E
0= + ce0
R
E
c=−
R
E Rt
i = (1 − e− L )
R
E
lim i =
t→∞ R
E E Rt
0.9 = i = (1 − e− L )
R R
Rt
0.9 = 1 − e− L
Rt
e− L = 0.1
Rt
− = ln(0.1)
L
−L ln(0.1)
t=
R
−10 ln(0.1)
= ≈ 7.67
3

3
Section 4.2
Exercise 1
Find a general solution to the given differential equation.

2y 00 + 7y 0 − 4y = 0
y(t) = ert
y 0 (t) = rert
y 00 (t) = r2 ert
2r2 ert + 7rert − 4ert = 0
2r2 + 7r − 4 = 0
(2r − 1)(r + 4) = 0
1
r= r = −4
2
1
y = e 2 t y = e−4t
1
y = c1 e 2 t + c2 e−4t

Exercise 2
Find a general solution to the given differential equation.

y 00 + 6y 0 + 9y = 0
r2 + 6r + 9 = (r + 3)(r + 3) = 0
r = −3
y = c1 e−3t + c2 te−3t

Exercise 3
Find a general solution to the given differential equation.

y 00 + 5y 0 + 6y = 0
r2 + 5r + 6 = (r + 3)(r + 2) = 0
r = −3 r = −2
y = e−3t y = e−2t
y = c1 e−3t + c2 e−2t

Exercise 4
Find a general solution to the given differential equation.

y 00 − y 0 − 2y = 0
r2 − r − 2 = (r − 2)(r + 1) = 0
r = 2 r = −1
y = e2t y = e−t
y = c1 e2t + c2 e−t

4
Exercise 7
Find a general solution to the given differential equation.
6y 00 + y 0 − 2y = 0
6r2 + r − 2 = (2r − 1)(3r + 2) = 0
1 2
r= r=−
2 3
1 2
y=e 2
t
y = e− 3 t
1 2
y = c1 e 2 t + c2 e− 3 t

Exercise 8
Find a general solution to the given differential equation.
z 00 + z 0 − z = 0
r2 + r − 1 = 0
√
−1 ± 5
r=
2√ √
−1+ 5 −1− 5
z=e 2 t z=e 2 t
√ √
−1+ 5 −1− 5
t t
z = c1 e 2 + c2 e 2

Exercise 11
Find a general solution to the given differential equation.
4w00 + 20w0 + 25w = 0
4r2 + 20r + 25 = (2r + 5)2 = 0
5
r=−
2
5 5
w = c1 e− 2 t + c2 te− 2 t

Exercise 13
Solve the given initial value problem.
y 00 + 2y 0 − 8y = 0
r2 + 2r − 8 = (r + 4)(r − 2) = 0
r = −4 r = 2
y = e−4t y = e2t
y = c1 e−4t + c2 e2t
Using the initial values of y(0) = 3 and y 0 (0) = −12:
y = c1 e−4t + c2 e2t
3 = c1 + c2
y 0 = −4c1 e−4t + 2c2 e2t
−12 = −4c1 + 2c2
c1 = 3 c2 = 0
y = 3e−4t

5
Exercise 14
Solve the given initial value problem.
y 00 + y 0 =0
r2 + r = r(r + 1) = 0
r = 0 r = −1
y = e0t = 1 y = e−t
y = c1 + c2 e−t
Using the initial values of y(0) = 2 and y 0 (0) = 1:
y = c1 + c2 e−t
2 = c1 + c2
y 0 = −c2 e−t
1 = −c2
c1 = 3 c2 = −1
y = −e−3 + 3

Exercise 15
Solve the given initial value problem.
y 00 − 4y 0 + 3y = 0
r2 − 4r + 3 = (r − 3)(r − 1) = 0
r=3 r=1
y = e3t y = et
y = c1 e3t + c2 et
Using the initial value of y(0) = 1 and y 0 (0) = 31 :
y = c1 e3t + c2 et
1 = c2 + c2
y 0 = 3c1 e3t + c2 et
1
= 3c1 + c2
3
1 4
c1 = − c2 =
3 3
1 3t 4 t
y=− e + e
3 3

Exercise 17
Solve the given initial value problem.
y 00 − 6y 0 + 9y = 0
r2 − 6r + 9 = (r − 3)2 = 0
r=3
y = e3t
y = c1 e3t + c2 te3t

6
Using the initial values of y(0) = 2 and y 0 (0) = 25
3
:
y = c1 e3t + c2 te3t
2 = c1
y 0 = 3c1 e3t + c2 e3t (3t + 1)
25
= 3c1 + c2
3
7
c1 = 2 c2 =
3
7
y = 2e3t + te3t
3

Exercise 18
Solve the given initial value problem.
z 00 − 2z 0 − 2z = 0
r2 − 2r − 2 = 0
√ √
2± 4+8 2±2 3 √
r= = =1± 3
2√ 2
√
t(1+ 3) t(1− 3)
z = c1 e + c2 e
Using the initial values of z(0) = 0 and z 0 (0) = 3:
√ √
z = c1 et(1+ 3) + c2 et(1− 3)
0 = c1 + c2
√ √ √ √
z 0 = (1 + 3)c1 et(1+ 3) + (1 − 3)et(1− 3)
√ √
3 = (1 + 3)c1 + (1 − 3)c2
√ √
3 3
c1 = c2 = −
√2 2√
√
3 t(1+ 3) 3 t(1−√3)
z= e − e
2 2

Exercise 19
Solve the given initial value problem.
y 00 + 2y 0 + y = 0
r2 + 2r + 1 = (r + 1)2 = 0
r = −1
y = c1 e−t + c2 te−t
Using the initial values of y(0) = 1 and y 0 (0) = −3:
y = c1 e−t + c2 te−t
1 = c1
y 0 = −c1 e−t − c2 e−t (t − 1)
−3 = −c1 + c2
c1 = 1 c2 = −2
y = e−t − 2te−t

7
Exercise 29
Use Definition 1 to determine whether the functions y1 and y2 are linearly dependent on the interval (0, 1):

y1 (t) = te2t y2 (t) = e2t

y1 and y2 are linearly independent because they are not constant multiples of one another.

Exercise 30
Use Definition 1 to determine whether the functions y1 and y2 are linearly dependent on the interval (0, 1):

y1 (t) = t2 cos(ln(t)) y2 (t) = t2 sin(ln(t))

y1 and y2 are linearly independent on the interval (0, 1) because they are not constant multiples of one
another. They are only constant multiples when t = 0.

Exercise 32
Use Definition 1 to determine whether the functions y1 and y2 are linearly dependent on the interval (0, 1):

y1 (t) = 0 y2 (t) = et

Since y1 (t) = 0, it’s only possible multiple is 0, therefore the two functions are linearly independent.

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