A

Seminar Report

On

Cloud Computing and Deployment Levels

By

Gaurav Kumar(0820713022)

Under the Guidance of

Mr. Sushil Kumar Bagi
Dept. of Information Technology

AJAY KUMAR GARG ENGINEERING COLLEGE, GHAZIABAD

YEAR: 2010-2011
 CONTENTS
Chapter Title Page No.

DECLERATION i

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ii

ABSTRACT iii

CONTENTS iv

1. INTRODUCTION 1

2. LITERATURE SURVE 2

3. OVERALL DESCRIPTION OF WORK 4

4. CONCLUSION 9

5. SCOPE OF FUTURE WORK 10

REFERENCES 11

APPENDIX: RESEARCH PAPER 12

 DECLERATION

I hereby declare that the Seminar “Cloud Computing and Deployment Levels”
submitted to the Department of Information Technology, Ajay Kumar Garg Engg. College,
Ghaziabad, is a record of an original work done by me under the guidance of Mr. Sushil Kumar
Bagi Department of Information Technology, Ajay Kumar Garg Engg. College and this Seminar
report is submitted as a part of partial fulfillment of GBTU Course Curriculum (Seminar, Sub
Code: EIT 654).

Gaurav Kumar

..................................

Date:

Place:

Mr. Sushil Kumar Bagi

………………………….

Date:

Place
 Acknowledgement

I am thankful to my seminar guide Mr. Sushil Kumar Bagi, for his proper guidance and valuable
suggestions. I am also greatly thankful to Dr. Anu Chaudhary, Department of Information and
Technology and other faculty members for giving me an opportunity to learn and do this
seminar. If not for the above mentioned people, my seminar would never have been completed in
such a successfully manner. I once again extend my sincere thanks to all of them.

Gaurav Kumar(0802713022)
 Abstract

Computers have become an indispensable part of life. We need computers everywhere, be it for
work, research or in any such field. As the use of computers in our day-to-day life increases, the
computing resources that we need also go up. For companies like Google and Microsoft,
harnessing the resources as and when they need it is not a problem. But when it comes to smaller
enterprises, affordability becomes a huge factor. With the huge infrastructure come problems like
machines failure, hard drive crashes, software bugs, etc. This might be a big headache for such a
community. Cloud Computing offers a solution to this situation.
Cloud computing is a paradigm shift in which computing is moved away from personal
computers and even the individual enterprise application server to a ‘cloud’ of computers. A
cloud is a virtualized server pool which can provide the different computing resources of their
clients. Users of this system need only be concerned with the computing service being asked for.
The underlying details of how it is achieved are hidden from the user. The data and the services
provided reside in massively scalable data centers and can be ubiquitously accessed from any
connected device all over the world.
Cloud computing is the style of computing where massively scaled IT related capabilities are
provided as a service across the internet to multiple external customers and are billed by
consumption. Many cloud computing providers have popped up and there is a considerable
growth in the usage of this service. Google, Microsoft, Yahoo, IBM and Amazon have started
providing cloud computing services. Amazon is the pioneer in this field. Smaller companies like
SmugMug, which is an online photo hosting site, has used cloud services for the storing all the
data and doing some of its services.
Cloud Computing is finding use in various areas like web hosting, parallel batch processing,
graphics rendering, financial modeling, web crawling, genomics analysis, etc.
 1. Introduction
The Greek myths tell of creatures plucked from the surface of the Earth and enshrined as
constellations in the night sky. Something similar is happening today in the world of computing.
Data and programs are being swept up from desktop PCs and corporate server rooms and
installed in “the compute cloud”. In general, there is a shift in the geography of computation.
What is cloud computing exactly? As a beginning here is a definition
“An emerging computer paradigm where data and services reside in massively scalable data
centers in the cloud and can be accessed from any connected devices over the internet”
Like other definitions of topics like these, an understanding of the term cloud computing
requires an understanding of various other terms which are closely related to this. While there is
a lack of precise scientific definitions for many of these terms, general definitions can be given.
Cloud computing is an emerging paradigm in the computer industry where the computing is
moved to a cloud of computers. It has become one of the buzz words of the industry. The core
concept of cloud computing is, quite simply, that the vast computing resources that we need will
reside somewhere out there in the cloud of computers and we’ll connect to them and use them as
and when needed.
Computing can be described as any activity of using and/or developing computer hardware
and software. It includes everything that sits in the bottom layer, i.e. everything from raw
compute power to storage capabilities. Cloud computing ties together all these entities and
delivers them as a single integrated entity under its own sophisticated management.
Cloud is a term used as a metaphor for the wide area networks (like internet) or any such large
networked environment. It came partly from the cloud-like symbol used to represent the
complexities of the networks in the schematic diagrams. It represents all the complexities of the
network which may include everything from cables, routers, servers, data centers and all such
other devices.
Computing started off with the mainframe era. There were big mainframes and everyone
connected to them via “dumb” terminals. This old model of business computing was frustrating
for the people sitting at the dumb terminals because they could do only what they were
“authorized” to do. They were dependent on the computer administrators to give them
permission or to fix their problems. They had no way of staying up to the latest innovations.
The personal computer was a rebellion against the tyranny of centralized computing
operations. There was a kind of freedom in the use of personal computers. But this was later
replaced by server architectures with enterprise servers and others showing up in the industry.
This made sure that the computing was done and it did not eat up any of the resources that one
had with him. All the computing was performed at servers. Internet grew in the lap of these
servers. With cloud computing we have come a full circle. We come back to the centralized
computing infrastructure. But this time it is something which can easily be accessed via the
internet and something over which we have all the control.
 2. Literature Surve
Cloud computing refers to a network that distributes processing power, applications, and large
systems among many computers. Social media channels and many other applications use cloud
computing as their platform. But cloud computing goes beyond that, offering a way for people to
expand their local computing power onto the (seemingly) infinite processing power of the
Internet. One of the results is a changing method of communication. Cloud computing can be a
single-function application, an infrastructure on which these applications (and many others) can
run, a set of services that offer the advantages of huge amounts of computing resources, and the
ability to store large amounts of data remotely. Many companies and educational institutions are
just beginning to realize the benefits of cloud-based applications that have traditionally required
site licensing, installation, and maintenance. Cloud computing, SaaS, software as a service,
social media.[1]

Many believe that Cloud will reshape the entire ICT industry as a revolution. In this paper, we
aim to pinpoint the challenges and issues of Cloud computing. We first discuss two related
computing paradigms - Service-Oriented Computing and Grid computing, and their relationships
with Cloud computing We then identify several challenges from the Cloud computing adoption
perspective. Last, we will highlight the Cloud interoperability issue that deserves substantial
further research and development.[2]

Cloud Computing is evolving as a key computing platform for sharing resources that include
infrastructures, software, applications, and business processes. Virtualization is a core
technology for enabling cloud resource sharing. However, most existing Cloud Computing
platforms have not formally adopted the service-oriented architecture (SOA) that would make
them more flexible, extensible, and reusable. By bridging the power of SOA and virtualization in
the context of Cloud Computing ecosystem, this paper presents seven architectural principles and
derives ten interconnected architectural modules to form a reusable and customizable Cloud
Computing Open Architecture (CCOA). Two case studies on Infrastructure and Business Cloud
are used to deliver business and practical value of infrastructure and business process
provisioning services over the Internet. We also present some potential valueadded services of
the proposed CCOA to guide strategic planning and other consulting practices of Cloud
Computing.[3]

With the development of parallel computing, distributed computing, grid computing, a new
computing model appeared. The concept of computing comes from grid, public computing and
SaaS. It is a new method that shares basic framework. The basic principles of cloud computing is
to make the computing be assigned in a great number of distributed computers, rather then local
computer or remoter server. The running of the enterprise’s data center is just like Internet. This
makes the enterprise use the resource in the application that is needed, and access computer and
storage system according to the requirement. This article introduces the background and
principle of cloud computing, the character, style and actuality. This article also introduces the
application field the merit of cloud computing, such as, it do not need user’s high level
equipment, so it reduces the user’s cost. It provides secure and dependable data storage center, so
user needn’t do the awful things such storing data and killing virus, this kind of task can be done
by professionals. It can realize data share through different equipments. It analyses some
questions and hidden troubles, and puts forward some solutions, and discusses the future of cloud
computing. Cloud computing is a computing style that provide power referenced with IT as a
service. Users can enjoy the service even he knows nothing about the technology of cloud
computing and the professional knowledge in this field and the power to control it.[4]

As Cloud Computing begins to move beyond the pure hype stage and into the beginning of
mainstream adoption, adopting cloud-based services or moving application services to the cloud
brings a number of new risks, including: Cloud availability, Cloud security, Erosion of data
integrity, and so on. However, for enterprise which require visibility, trust and control over
cloud-based services. To maximize the value of cloud computing, meanwhile, to avoid the risk
associated with their cloud-based implementations, enterprises need an approach, processes,
procedures, and technology to manage and control thousands of data, services and process
elements in the Cloud environment. In a word, Cloud computing needs governance. In this paper,
the authors propose a Cloud-based governance model that marks out a path that will guide the
enterprise into the cloud in a controlled and secure manner.[5]

As a kind of emerging business computational model, Cloud Computing distribute computation

task on the resource pool which consists of massive computers, accordingly ,the application
systems can gain the computation strength, the storage space and software service according to
its demand. Cloud computing can be viewed from two different aspects. One is about the cloud
infrastructure which is the building block for the up layer cloud application. The other is of
course the cloud application. By means of three technical methods, cloud computing has
achieved two important goals for the distributed computing: high scalability and high
availability. Scalability means that the cloud infrastructure can be expanded to very large scale
even to thousands of nodes. Availability means that the services are available even when quite a
number of nodes fail. This paper discusses the evolution process of cloud computing, the current
technologies adopted in cloud computing, as well as the systems in enterprises. This paper
introduced with emphasis the Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud, the cloud computing platform of
Google and “blue cloud” of IBM, analyze and compare three kinds of cloud computing platform.
[6]

Cloud computing emerges as one of the hottest topic in field of information technology. Cloud
computing is based on several other computing research areas such as HPC, virtualization, utility
computing and grid computing. In order to make clear the essential of cloud computing, we
propose the characteristics of this area which make cloud computing being cloud computing and
distinguish it from other research areas. The cloud computing has its own conceptional,
technical, economic and user experience characteristics. The service oriented, loose coupling,
strong fault tolerant, business model and ease use are main characteristics of cloud computing.
Clear insights into cloud computing will help the development and adoption of this evolving
technology both for academe and industry.[7]
 3. Overall Description of work
What is Cloud Computing
A. Backgroud
Currently there is no standard definition or specification of cloud computing. It may take some time
to define the key characteristics of Cloud Computing based on practices in the field. Cloud
Computing involves a set of key technologies to address resource sharing based on business
requirements. Based on our practices in the areas of service provisioning and solution design, there
are two key enabling technologies could play very important roles in this revolutionary phase:
virtualization technology and Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA).
The virtualization technology handles how images of the operating systems, middleware, and
applications are pro-created and allocated to the right physical machines or a slice of a server stack.
The images could be moved around and put into production environment on demand. On the other
hand, virtualization technology can also help reuse licenses of operating systems, middleware, or
software applications, once a subscriber releases his/her service from the Cloud Computing
platform.
The SOA is the evolution of a system or software architecture for addressing componentization,
reusability extensibility, and flexibility. In order to construct scalable Cloud Computing platforms,
we need to leverage SOA to build reusable components, standard-based interfaces, and extensible
solution architectures. Creating a so-called Cloud Computing platform is easy as long as it can
enable sharing of at least one of the resources. However, building a unified, scalable and reusable
Cloud Computing architecture to support sharing of all types of resources still faces challenges in
the areas of technology breakthrough and best industry practices.
Cloud computing is a model for enabling convenient, ondemand network access to a shared pool of
configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that
can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider
interaction .

Figure 1 - Cloud Computing Overview

B. Cloud Computing Principle
It provides computing resources in the pool for users through internet. Integrated cloud computing
is a whole dynamic computing system. It provides a mandatory application program environment. It
can deploy, allocate or reallocate computing resource dynamically and monitor the usage of
resources at all times. Generally speaking cloud computing has a distributed foundation
establishment, and monitor the distributed system, to achieve the purpose of efficient use of the
system. Cloud computing collects all the computing resources and manages them automatically
through software. In the process of data analysis, it integrates the history data and present data to
make the collected information more accurate and provide more intelligent service for users and
enterprises. The users need not care how to buy servers, softwares, solutions and so on. Users can
buy the computing resource through internet according to their own needs.
Cloud computing does not depend on special data center, but we can look it as the inevitable
product of grid computing and efficiency computing. However, compared with general network
service, cloud computing is easy to extend, and has an simple management style. Cloud is not only
simply collect the computer resource, but also provides a management mechanism and can provides
services for millions of users simultaneously. Nowadays, virtualization is entering every field of
data center. It has become useful tool and improved service capacity. When the storage and
computing capacity of the server cluster are surplus, we need not purchase servers, all we need to to
is to add a virtual machine running on the server. If the cluster is large enough, the request of
adding server will have marginal effect, and then we can save the money that should be used in
purchasing new servers. At the same time, cloud computing provides powerful supports for
SAAS(software as a service). It integrates all the companies that provide similar services in the
internet in order that users can compare and select service providers. Cloud computing provides
dependable and secure data storage center, provides immense possibility for internet application,
provides infinite space for storing and managing data, provides powerful computing capacity for
users to complete all kinds of application. Future computer may only be used for connecting
internet to implement services based on cloud computing. Users will change their habit of using
computer totally, from services centered by desktop to services centered by Web.
On-demand self-service: A consumer with an instantaneous need at a particular timeslot can
avail computing resources (such as CPU time, network storage, software use, and so forth) in an
automatic (i.e. convenient, self-serve) fashion without resorting to human interactions with
providers of these resources.
Broad network access: These computing resources are delivered over the network (e.g.
Internet) and used by various client applications with heterogeneous platforms (such as mobile
phones, laptops, and PDAs) situated at a consumer's site.
Resource pooling. A cloud service provider’s computing resources are 'pooled' together in an
effort to serve multiple consumers using either the multi-tenancy or the virtualization model,
"with different physical and virtual resources dynamically assigned and reassigned according to
consumer demand". The motivation for setting up such a pool-based computing paradigm lies in
two important factors: economies of scale and specialization. The result of a pool-based model is
that physical computing resources become 'invisible' to consumers, who in general do not have
control or knowledge over the location, formation, and originalities of these resources (e.g.
database, CPU, etc.) . For example, consumers are not able to tell where their data is going to be
stored in the Cloud.
 Rapid elasticity. For consumers, computing resources become immediate rather than persistent:
there are no up-front commitment and contract as they can use them to scale up whenever they
want, and release them once they finish to scale down. Moreover, resources provisioning appears
to be infinite to them, the consumption can rapidly rise in order to meet peak requirement at any
time.
Measured Service. Although computing resources are pooled and shared by multiple
consumers (i.e. multi-tenancy), the cloud infrastructure is able to use appropriate mechanisms to
measure the usage of these resources for each individual consumer through its metering
capabilities.

Figure 2 - Cloud Computing Architecture and user’s access

C. Cloud Computing Style

Though people have different views on the cloud computing, they have already reached an
agreement on the basic style on it. Its style is as follows:
1)SAAS(Software as a service)
This kind of cloud computing transfer programs to millions of users through browser. In the
user’s views, this can save some cost on servers and software. In the provider’s views, they only
need to maintain one program, this can also save cost. Salesforce.com is so far the most famous
company that provides this kind of service. SAAS is commonly used in human resource
management system and ERP(Enterprise Resource Planning). Goole Apps and Zoho Office is also
providing this kind of service.
2) Utility Computing
Recently Amazon.com, Sun, IBM and other companies that provide storage services and virtual
services are appearing. Cloud computing is creating virtual data center for IT industry to make it
can provide service for the whole net through collecting memory, IO equipment, storage and
computing power to a virtual resource pool.
3) Network service
Net service has a close relation with SAAS. The service providers can help programmers develop
applications based on internet instead of providing single machine procedure through providing
API(Application Programming Interface).
4) PAAS( Platform as a service)
Platform as a service, another SAAS, this kind of cloud computing providing development
environment as a service. You can use the middleman’s equipment to develop your own program
and transfer it to the users through internet and servers.
5) MSP (management service provider)
This is one of the ancient applications of cloud computing. This application mostly serves the IT
industry instead of end users. It is often used in mail virus scanning and program monitoring.
6) Commercial service platform
The commercial service platform is the mixture of SAAS and MSP(Mixed signal Processor), this
kind of computing provides a platform for the interaction between users and service provider. For
instance, the user individual expense management system can manage user’s expense according
user’s setting and coordinate all the services that users purchased.
7) Integrating internet
It can integrate all the companies that provide similar services, so that users can compare and
select their service provider.
D. Cloud Computing Deployment level
More recently, four cloud deployment models have been defined in the Cloud community:
Private cloud: The cloud infrastructure is operated solely within a single organization, and
managed by the organization or a third party regardless whether it is located premise or off
premise. The motivation to setup a private cloud within an organization has several aspects.
First, to maximize and optimize the utilization of existing in-house resources. Second, security
concerns including data privacy and trust also make Private Cloud an option for many firms.
Third, data transfer cost from local IT infrastructure to a Public Cloud is still rather considerable.
Fourth, organizations always require full control over mission-critical activities that reside
behind their firewalls. Last, academics often build private cloud for research and teaching
purposes.
Community cloud: Several organizations jointly construct and share the same cloud infrastructure
as well as policies, requirements, values, and concerns. The cloud community forms into a
degree of economic scalability and democratic equilibrium. The cloud infrastructure could be
hosted by a third-party vendor or within one of the organizations in the community.
Public cloud. This is the dominant form of current Cloud computing deployment model. The
public cloud is used by the general public cloud consumers and the cloud service provider has
the full ownership of the public cloud with its own policy, value, and profit, costing, and
charging model. Many popular cloud services are public clouds including Amazon EC2, S3,
Google AppEngine, and Force.com.
Hybrid cloud: The cloud infrastructure is a combination of two or more clouds (private,
community, or public) that remain unique entities but are bound together by standardized or
proprietary technology that enables data and application portability (e.g., cloud bursting for load-
balancing between clouds). Organizations use the hybrid cloud model in order to optimize their
resources to increase their core competencies by margining out peripheral business functions
onto the cloud while controlling core activities on-premise through private cloud. Hybrid cloud
has raised the issues of standardization and cloud interoperability.
 4. Conclusion

Cloud computing is a powerful new abstraction for large scale data processing systems which is
scalable, reliable and available. In cloud computing, there are large self-managed server pools
available which reduces the overhead and eliminates management headache. Cloud computing
services can also grow and shrink according to need. Cloud computing is particularly valuable to
small and medium businesses, where effective and affordable IT tools are critical to helping
them become more productive without spending lots of money on in-house resources and
technical equipment. Also it is a new emerging architecture needed to expand the Internet to
become the computing platform of the future.
 5. Scope of future work
There is a wide scope in the research field for Cloud Computing regarding the safety, security
and privacy issues because it is still in infacy. Moreover also the Deployment Levels also have to
be enhanced.
The Future Internet covers all research and development activities dedicated to realizing
tomorrow’s internet, i.e. enhancing a networking infrastructure which integrates all kind of
resources, usage domains etc. As such, research related to cloud technologies form a vital part of
the Future Internet research agenda. Confusions regarding the aspects covered by cloud
computing with respect to the Future Internet mostly arise from the broad scope of characteristics
assigned to “clouds”, as is the logical consequence of the re-branding boom some years ago. So
far, most cloud systems have focused on hosting applications and data on remote computers,
employing in particular replication strategies to ensure availability and thus achieving a load
balancing scalability. However, the conceptual model of clouds exceeds such a simple technical
approach and leads to challenges not unlike the ones of the future internet, yet with slightly
different focus due to the combination of concepts and goals implicit to cloud systems. In other
words, as a technological realisation driven by an economic proposition, cloud infrastructures
would offer capabilities that enable relevant aspects of the future internet, in particular related to
scalability, reliability and adaptability. At the same time, the cloud concept addresses multiple
facets of these functionalities.
 References

[1] Cloud Computing Is Changing How We Communicate, Rich Maggiani, 978-1-4244-4358-

1/09 IEEE
[2] Cloud Computing: Issues and Challenges, Tharam Dillon, DOI 10.1109/AINA.2010.187
[3] CCOA: Cloud Computing Open Architecture, Liang-Jie Zhang and Qun Zhou, DOI
10.1109/ICWS.2009.144
[4] Cloud Computing Research and Development Trend, Shuai Zhang, DOI
10.1109/ICFN.2010.58
[5] A Governance Model for Cloud Computing, Zhiyun Guo /s Meina Song, 978-1-4244-5326-
9/10
[6] Analysis and Research of Cloud Computing System Instance, Shufen Zhang, DOI
10.1109/ICFN.2010.60
[7] The Characteristics of Cloud Computing, Chunye Gong, Jie Liu, Qiang Zhang, Haitao Chen
and Zhenghu Gong, DOI 10.1109/ICPPW.2010.45